X-ray methods are used to study the peculiarities of solid solution decomposition in mixed CsI-CsBr crystals. This process is started at the surface and results in the polycrystalline layer formation. The structure of this layer inherits the morphology of the initial surface and is completed by the turning of crystallites to the texture axis 〈110〉. The solutions with small impurity content (< 7 %) are stable. It is shown that a high content of moisture stimulates the decomposition process. At the same time the hydrolysis of the crystallite surface essentially restricts the possibility of secondary recrystallization. The mixed crystals under consideration turn out to be instable, despite the closeness of iodine and bromine ionic radii.

Les particularites de la desagregation de la solution solide ont ee etudies par les methodes radiographiques dans les cristaux mixtes CsICsBr. Ce processus est determine par la repartition des components de la solution solide resultant en formation de la couche policristalline composee de la melange de deux phases nouvelles. La structure de la couche herite de la morphologie de la surface de depart et s'acheve par le retournement des cristallites dans la direction de la texture 〈110〉. Les solutions solides avec le bas contenu de l'addition (< 7%) sont stables. Il est montre que l'humidite elevee stimule le commencement du processus de la desagregation. A la fois l'hydrolisation de la surface des crystallites est un facteur essentiel limitant la possibilite de la recristallisation secondaire. En somme, malgre que les radius ioniques d'iode et brome sont proches, les cristaux mixtes sur la base de ces composants sont instables.


A measurement of the Cs spin-exchange cross section (σex = 1.40 ± 0.10 × 10−14 cm2) is presented. It is a result of an experiment on the hyperfine relaxation of an optically pumped cesium vapor in the presence of nitrogen buffer gas in experimental conditions which ensure the absence of quadrupole contributions and the minimizing of the influence of high diffusion orders on the relaxation signals.


Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an overall 5 year survival rate of 15%. Most patients present with advanced disease that requires systemic chemotherapy, which merely confers several months of survival benefit. Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer have led to molecular targeted therapy in this field. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the first successful personalized therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with about 30 months of median overall survival in patients with sensitive EGFR mutations. In addition, monoclonal antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or EGFR are also in current clinical use. Resistance to EGFR-TKIs has emerged as a major limitation of these agents and become challenge clinically. A number of novel targeted agents have been developed and investigated in clinical trials to overcome the limitation of agents currently available. Recently, echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene ( EML4-ALK), as a novel molecular target of NSCLC, has been identified, and its inhibitor is under rapid clinical development. We herein review the molecular targeted therapies currently available for NSCLC and discuss the clinical data of novel agents under clinical development. (J Lung Cancer 2011;10(1):1 �� 12)


The purpose of vector diagrams is to provide a simple visual representation of situations involving complex quantities. The author argues that the present system of vector representation confuses rather than clarifies, and proposes a new method, devoid of arrows, that is claimed to be simpler and less ambiguous.


ABSTRACT This scholarship of teaching and learning study explored students' views of their most positive, memorable learning experiences in hospitality and tourism education. A sample of 168 undergraduate hospitality management students in the United States described the positive course experiences, teaching methods, and educational activities that they believed were most memorable. The results indicate that hands-on learning experiences, authentic projects, connections with others, and selected instructor behaviors are most memorable. Implications for teaching and future research, based on the findings, are provided, as are suggestions for the use of stories and storytelling to enhance opportunities for memorable learning experiences.


As an important part of social institution,the criminal proceeding in China has established an integrated functional system which includes the conception system,the regulation system and the implementing system.The paper gives an analysis of the criminal proceeding from the perspectives of sociology and the systematic theory,and then offers constructive recommendations on the systematic optimizing of the criminal proceeding.


An opportunistic spatio-frequency access(OSFA) strategy for CR-MIMO system was designed.When spec-trum holes exist,cognitive service was implemented applying overlay approach.While there was no idle spectrum avail-able,primary transmission mode information(PTMI) and inter-system interference channel information were exploited.And cognitive service was implemented using underlay approach.The method utilizes both spatial correlation and ei-genmode transmission gain in spatial resource quality evaluation.Consequently,selection diversity of both authorized channel and cognitive eigenmode was achieved.Moreover,PTMI based signal processing reduced the antenna require-ment for cognitive system as well as the power loss of cognitive signal.Simulation results indicate that the proposed method could achieve significant improvement of cognitive service and near-optimal cognitive throughput on the premise that no interference is imposed on the primary.


Christine (the "e" was pronounced as in Christina) was born in Shanghai, China, the daughter of a German mother and a Danish businessman and the eldest of seven children. She was brought up speaking English and German in Hong Kong before returning to Denmark to complete her secondary education. After working a gap year as an auxiliary nurse in Switzerland, she came to the London Hospital, where she trained as a physiotherapist. After qualifying she enrolled at Newcastle University to study medicine, where she met her first husband. She gave birth …


This paper briefly introduces the user attitudes relating to the selected palm-leaf collections in the country and the survey has conducted as a part of the main sunfey. The objective of the study was to identify the user attitudes regarding the usage, maintenance and preservation of palm-leak in the 3 major collecfions of the country. Likert type aft/tude scale and 20 attitude questionnaire was distributed among the users and 75% were desponded Journal of the University Librarians .... . . . (Vol. l l), 2007 Data analysis was done by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the findings, there were no aftjtude diferences between the three factors of the (NM) and (NA) repositories. There was a significant difference in the (UP} repository due to various physical reasons. The one factor analysis revealed that all the users were with positive attitudes of usage and maintenance. But the third factor of preservation have scored hwesf amount from the UP repository for the negative attitudes. Several steps were suggested to overcome the problems such as microfilming tbe collections, user awareness programmes for usage, appving oil treatment, provide training for personals, restrict to use f w l e copies and encourage using manuscf(pts for research.


Emission spectra and excitation emission matrix of Betaine-30 (B30) dispersed in polymeric solids were determined. Emission wavelength was different for each polymer. The maximum wavelength became long with increasing the polarity of the polymer. A new possibility to determine the polarity of the medium using B30 was suggested.


In this paper, the micromechanical behavior of ferrite microphase was evaluated in conjunction with carbon and silicon partitioning occurred during prior austenite to ferrite phase transformation using microhardness measurements supplemented by light observation and field-emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). For this purpose, at first, the samples were austenitized at 900°C for 15 min and then air-cooled (normalized) to room temperature in order to develop more starting homogeneous microstructural features in the proposed heat-treated samples. The wide variety of ferrite-martensite dual-phase (DP) samples containing different volume fractions of ferrite and martensite microphases developed using step-quenching heat treatment processes at 750, 720, 700, and 680°C for 5 min isothermal holding time with the subsequent water quenching after being austenitized at 900°C for 15 min in the same conditions as to the direct water-quenched (WQ) samples. The experimental results showed that, for a particular ferrite grain in a particular ferrite-martensite DP samples, the ferrite location nearer to the ferrite-martensite interfaces was accompanied with a significantly lower carbon and silicon centrations, while the associated ferrite hardening response was abnormally higher in comparison to that of the central regions of ferrite grains. This abnormal higher trend in ferrite hardness with lower carbon and silicon concentrations was attributed to the higher ferrite/martensite interaction of ferrite area adjacent to the martensite generated during martensitic phase transformation.


Cymodocea nodosa seagrass meadows provide several socio-economically ecosystem services, including nurseries for numerous species of commercial interest. These seagrasses are experiencing a worldwide decline, with global loss rates approaching 5% per year, mainly related to coastal human activities. Cymodocea nodosa, the predominant seagrass in the Canary Archipelago (Spain), is also exposed to these threats, which could lead to habitat loss or even local disappearance. In this case study, we estimated the potential economic value of Cymodocea nodosa seagrass meadows for local fisheries at an archipelago scale. Habitat suitability maps were constructed using MAXENT 3.4.1, a software for modelling species distributions by applying a maximum entropy machine-learning method, from a set of environmental variables and presence and background records extracted from historical cartographies. This model allows characterising and assessing the C. nodosa habitat suitability, overcoming the implicit complexity derived from seasonal changes in this species highly dynamic meadows and using it as a first step for the mapping and assessment of ecosystem services. In a second step, value transfer methodologies were used, along with published economic valuations of commercially-interesting fish species related to C. nodosa meadows. We estimate that the potential monetary value of these species can add up to more than 3 million euros per year for the entire Archipelago. The simplicity of the proposed methodology facilitates its repeatability in other similar regions, using freely available data and hence, being suitable for data-scarce scenarios.


The compilation about the "Da Qing Yi Tong Zhi" that is the prosperous matter in culture of the Qing Dynasty, and that the Qing Dynasty is in a period of great prosperity of Chinese ancient Local Records' development. This article discuss on the accelerative function of the "Da Qing Yi Tong Zhi" to the compilation about the "Da Qing Yi Tong Zhi" , and expound the fine tradition shaped in Qing Dynasty's Local Records under the influence of the "Da Qing Yi Tong Zhi" .


Objective To study left ventricular diastolic function and its risk factors in relatively healthy older people in Guangzhou.Methods A cross-sectional investigation was performed in a random sample,from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study,of 390 individuals aged 50 years or above and without apparent diseases including stroke,myocardial infarction,COPD and cancers.Personal history,blood pressure,fasting glucose and lipids were assessed.Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure indicators of left ventricular diastolic function,including peak E velocity and peak A velocity of mitral diastolic flow(E) and(A),E/A ratio,the deceleration time of peak E(DT),and isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT).Results ①With increasing age,peak A significantly increased and E/A level significantly decreased(all P0.05).②After adjusting age and sex,A and IVRT increased,while E/A decreased with waist circumference.Moreover,A increased with triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose(all P0.05).③After adjusting age and sex,A was positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure(all P0.05),while E/A was negatively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in tertiles in 310 individuals without antihypertensive medication(all P0.05).④There was a trend of increase in A(P0.05) and decrease in E/A(P0.05) from optimal to normal blood pressure to hypertension.Conclusions Higher blood pressure was an independent risk factor for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.Even within normal blood pressure level,left ventricular diastolic function may deteriorate with increased blood pressure.


The article examines the historical development of Volksbildung in Germany and educacion popular in Spain since the second half of the XIXth century. It shows the importance of the formation in Germany of a public school-system for the functional differentiation of Volksbildung as general culture for all as well as the dominance of private and polyfunctional associations referring to educacion popular in Spain. These different models of popular education are finally interpreted in relation to the specific national configurations in both countries.


1. Authors have attributed proteinuria and chronic renal failure to the diabetic state of the patient. There are specific pathological conditions involving kidneys in multiple myeloma which may lead to non-light chain proteinuria and chronic renal failure. These include myeloma cast nephropathy, amyloidosis, Fanconi's syndrome and monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases. It is extremely difficult to arrive at a correct conclusion without kidney tissue histopathological evaluation.


The invention, which relates to the IP network field, discloses a method and apparatus for concentrated fixture storage. The method comprises the following steps that are executed by an intelligent terminal: obtaining an MAC address of the intelligent terminal and using the MAC address as a source belonging MAC address of an intelligent terminal picture file; carrying out packaging processing on the picture file and the source belonging MAC address to obtain a data packet containing the picture file and the source belonging MAC address; uploading the data packet containing the picture file and the source belonging MAC address to a picture file concentrated storage device by a wired or wireless network. According to the invention, the picture that is uploaded by the terminal to the concentrated storage service device is found at the intelligent terminal based on the MAC address and can be demonstrated to the user intelligently. Moreover, the method and the apparatus are simple and practical.


Out of the 19 varieties of breadwheat (Triticum aestirum Linn.) evaluated in tarai soils of West Bengal under four different environments, variety HD 2278 showed average stability for four traits including yield. Further, varieties HD 2314, HW 135 and HD 2329 were found suitable for highly favourable environment.


After almost a year of COVID‐19, the chronic long‐COVID syndrome has been recognized as an entity in 2021. The patients with the long‐COVID are presenting with ominous neurological deficits that with time are becoming persistent and are causing disabilities in the affected individuals. The mechanisms underlying the neurological syndrome in long‐COVID have remained obscure and need to be actively researched to find a resolution for the patients with long‐COVID. Here, the factors like site of viral load, the differential immune response, neurodegenerative changes, and inflammation as possible causative factors are debated to understand and investigate the pathogenesis of neuro‐COVID in long‐COVID syndrome.


The root canal filling with paste has such advantages as continuous germicidal effect, prevention of re-infection of the root canal and promotion of the healing in the apical wound.However, it is not so easy to fill up a root canal with paste perfectly on account of difficulty of the manipulations, though " Lentulo stopper" has been used as the most excellent instrument.Then the author tried to find out more suitable instruments and devised seven types of spiral filling instruments. The efficiency of them were compared.The types of these instruments were as follows:No.1 File type with square form in the section.No.2 Reamer type with triangle form in the section.No.3 Flat type with rectangle form in the section.No.4 Lens type with convex lens form in the section.No.5 Wood drill type with carved spiral.No.6 and No.7 Lentulo stopper type.From the data of this experiment, No.3 and No.5 among them showed the most favorable results.


The polarization switching behaviors of ultrathin films of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) capacitors with different electroactive interlayers have been studied. The polarization switching results are related to the high local electric field and complete microdynamic switching behavior can be ensured by optimizing the defect model. Weiss mean field theory was introduced to analyze the nucleation process of defect states. The spatial defects around the ferroelectric domain were aligned, resulting in a stable space configuration with low energy. Three hypothetical effects are proposed based on the recovery mechanism of dipole defects, including the obedience effect, cooperation effect and antagonism effect. Understanding and controlling defect functionality in ferroelectric materials is critical for realizing reliable applications in ferroelectric memories.


SUMMARY

The Precambrian metamorphic basement in SW Greenland was subjected to widespread emplacement of dolerite dykes between circa 1290 and 1160 Ma; during this period the regional stress field rotated in a counter-clockwise sense. A regional palaeomagnetic study of 59 of these dykes and contacts is reported. Whilst contact tests generally indicate primary magnetizations, two- and three-component structures in some dykes record partial overprinting at later stages of the igneous cycle. Component directions are distributed from shallow negative westerly to steep NW positive. Over most of the outcrop the former magnetizations are found in the earlist (E-W trending) dykes. Steepening and rotation of magnetization directions correlates with rotation of dyke trends towards later (NE-SW) trends. The exception occurs where dykes are deflected in a sigmoidal way through an older alkaline complex. The quasi-continuous nature of dyke emplacement records migration of the palaeofield direction between circa 1290 and 1160 Ma and representative sequential pole positions are (A1) 215.3dE, 3.1dN (21 dykes, dp/dm= 4.8/9.6d), (A2) 220.4dE, 7.4dN (5 dykes, dp/dm= 4.3/8.5d) and (A3) 222.3dE, 33.5dN (30 dykes, dp/dm= 4.5/7.0d). Palaeomagnetic poles from the Gardar Igneous Province define the major part of a double APW loop anchored by dated poles from igneous complexes and executed between 1300 and 1140 Ma. This interval appears to have been dominated by one field polarity.

Palaeomagnetic results are also reported for five dykes belonging to the Mesozoic coast parallel swarm, and palaeomagnetic results from these dykes in south and south-west Greenland are reassessed. They define a dual-polarity axis of intermediate inclination (D/I = 336/51d, 13 sites, palaeomagnetic pole (TD1) at 168.3dE, 55.6dN. dp/dm= 4.7/6.9d) plus a steeper single-polarity group (mean direction D/I = 329/69d, 14 sites, palaeomagnetic pole (TD2) at 207.7dE, 68.6dN, dp/dm= 6.6/7.8d). The TD1 pole corresponds to North American apparent polar wander at circa 165 Ma compatible with the 168-138 Ma age constraint, whilst the TD2 pole correlates with near-static APW between 129 and 88 Ma. It appears to record an episode of dyke emplacement across south Greenland during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron shortly before commencement of sea-floor spreading between Greenland and Labrador.


The purpose of the research is to compare the performance of different volatility measures while used in testing for causality in risk between several emerging and mature capital markets. The following volatility estimators are considered: Parkinson, Garman-Klass, Rogers-Satchell, Garman-Klass-Yang-Zhang and Yang-Zhang and the AR-GARCH(1,1)-t model. Additionally, the extreme value theory is also applied. Several emerging capital markets are checked for being the source of the risk for both emerging and developed markets. The group of emerging markets includes the most intensively  growing economies in the world. The final results are such as the number of relationships between the markets is considerably lower when the methods taken from the extreme value theory are used.


The article aims to provide an analysis of the Models of International Development Cooperation that have been deployed in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake. From a comparative approach based on discourses and practices of development, the article points out a description of the presences of the United States and other traditional donors, Venezuela and the ALBA countries, and Brazil and ABC countries. The comparison is elaborated by the contrast among three models: the model of public and business diplomacy to investment, the model of alternative solidarity politicization, and the model of neo-developmentalist diplomacy.


Jean-Louis Chrétien founded his phenomenological enquiry on an analysis of the word as defined by the call and response link. His analysis provides an in-depth approach to spiritual experience as a basis for authentic religious experience. The description of the theoretical sites in which he confronts the theme of the spirit (vital breath, Holy Spirit, inspiration of Scripture, and spiritual life and prayer) determines some fixed points that allow us to define spiritual experience as intersubjective and fleshly, and therefore, not reducible to solipsism and intimism.


Microfluidic devices are used in a very diverse set of applications including medical and laboratory diagnostics, environmental monitors, ink jet print heads, chromatography and fuel cells to name just a few. These wide ranging applications, the highly diverse set of fluid types that are used in them, and the fact that many of these devices are used in relatively uncontrolled environments, places significant demands on the package and the materials the package is made from. These challenges can be offset by the fact that many microfluidic package technologies provide opportunities for the designer to incorporate valuable features into the package with little additional complexity or cost. A set of case studies is presented to illustrate the concepts presented in the paper.


System architecture has a significant impact on software performance. In this manuscript, a method to increase the performance of the microprocessors and FPGA based systems using pipeline processing, is presented. An improved implementation using this concept, for image and display processing, providing real time vision applications, is described.


Objective: To assess racial and ethnic differences in asthma prevalence, treatment patterns, and outcomes among a diverse population of children with equal access to health care.


Cows intensively used as oocyte donors for in vitro embryo production (IVEP) are usually kept nonpregnant for prolonged intervals, exposed to successive hormonal treatments, and frequently become overweight. These are all risk factors for the development of endocrine unbalance and, consequently, cystic ovarian disease (COD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on (1) ovarian follicular population, and (2) development potential of oocytes used for IVEP. Nelore (Bos indicus) cows (n = 14), previously diagnosed with chronic COD (Faria et al. 2017 Anim. Reprod., in press), weighing 620.0 ± 12.8 kg and with body condition score of 4.1 ± 0.2, were assigned to control (n = 6) or treatment (n = 8) group. Cows in the treatment group received 2 SC injections of 1.0 mL of anti-GnRH vaccine (Bopriva, Zoetis, Brazil), 28 days apart (weeks 0 and 4), whereas cows in the control group received placebo on the same schedule. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed weekly from week 0 to evaluate the number and distribution of follicles among size classes, endometrial thickness, and clinical presence of mucometra. Immunization was considered effective (E-IM) when no follicles ≥5.0 mm were observed on the ovaries during a given examination. Cows having E-IM were then used as oocyte donors for IVEP. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were collected in 5 consecutive ovum pick-up weekly sessions. As a control for IVEP, oocytes from a slaughterhouse were used, with similar procedures performed on the same days and using the same semen batch. The MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) with repeated-measures statement was used to evaluate the effects of treatment, time, and interactions on ovarian endpoints; and the GLM procedure was used to analyse embryo production data. Results are shown as mean ± SEM. There were time and time × treatment effects on ovarian parameters. Treated cows had a decrease (P   0.05) of treatment on endometrial thickness or mucometra score. Cows with E-IM produced 22.2 ± 3.6 total and 12.9 ± 2.3 viable COC. Cleavage rate did not differ between E-IM and control (slaughterhouse) oocytes (70.8 ± 7.0 v. 75.1 ± 3.0%, respectively; P > 0.05); however, blastocyst rate was greater in the E-IM group compared with controls (39.7 ± 5.5 v. 20.5 ± 4.7%, respectively; P < 0.02). In summary, our results suggest that active immunization against GnRH leads to variable results in the distribution of the follicular population in cows with COD, but it does not negatively affect IVEP efficiency. This research was supported by Zoetis, CNPq, and CAPES.


The electrochemical oxidation of 1,4-bis(methylseleno)benzene (la) was studied in acetonitrile by conventional and microelectrode techniques. Using untreated acetonitrile (0.02% nominal water content)/0.10 M NaClO 4 , cyclic voltammetry showed two irreversible bielectronic oxidation signals, corresponding to the consecutive oxidation of both selenium atoms into their selenoxides, as evidenced by controlled potential coulometry and electrolysis. In superdry acetonitrile/0.10 M tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF 6 ), the reversible oxidation of 1a into its radical cation was observed. Semiempirical computations by the parametric method 3 (PM3) evidenced that the unusual stability of this species compared to radical cations of both alkylaryl- and diarylselenides is due to the equal distribution of the positive charge on both selenium atoms. Investigation of this first electron transfer and the following process by cyclic voltammetry at various scan rates, temperatures, and concentrations, indicated that the radical cation of la dimerizes reversibly into a dication, which is according to PM3 computations energetically favored by 368 kJ mol -1 . The dimeric dication can be considered to be formed by two intermolecular two-center three-electron Se-Se bonds


On 17 September 2017, I observed two Clark's Nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) from 8–10 m distance as they cached seeds in a stand of dead Whitebark Pines (Pinus albicaulis) at 2500 m elevation on Saint Mary Peak in the Bitterroot Mountains of Ravalli County, Montana. Over 5 minutes, the nutcrackers created 14 caches in seven different multi-trunk tree clusters in an area of about 50 m2. All caches appeared to be single Whitebark Pine seeds, positioned 2–5 m (mostly 3–4 m) above ground in dead trees. Of the 14 caches, three were placed under loose pieces of bark on a trunk (one) or large limb (two), and the remaining 11 were in encrustations of American Wolf Lichen (Letharia columbiana) growing on branches of the dead trees. Nutcrackers are known to sometimes cache seeds above ground in trees during the late summer and autumn harvest of pine seeds, but usually not to the exclusion of other microsites. The ground at the Montana site was covered by 7–9 cm of fresh snow that fell the previous day, which may have encouraged the nutcrackers to place all of their seed caches above ground in trees.


Abstract : During 2006-7, Ad14a was identified during a series of FRI outbreaks across the US, involving at least ten documented pneumonia fatalities. Leveraging sequence data from the prototype strain Ad14p (GenBank # AY803294), the full genome sequence of Ad14a was determined using the conventional, and very labor-intensive, Sanger sequencing method. The same genome was analyzed using Pyrosequencing, an emerging alternative genome sequencing technology offering much higher efficiency. This direct shotgun approach relies on random sequencing of small DNA fragments using adaptor sequences, rather than independent amplification of separate fragments using pre-determined pathogen-specific sequences. This new sequencing strategy is therefore ideally suited for the rapid sequencing of hitherto uncharacterized human pathogens. The Roche 454 FLX system was used to sequence and assemble multiple Ad14a viruses from recent US outbreaks, as well as closely related Ad11a isolates causing non-US ARD infections since the 1970s. The US Ad14a strain significantly diverges from the prototypical Eurasian strain, Ad14p, and shares greater than 98% genomic homology with Ad11a. Two genome types of Ad11, Ad11p and Ad11a display different tissue tropisms, causing renal and upper respiratory infections respectively. Ad14a and Ad11a share almost identical Fiber genes, which are known to be responsible for the adenoviruses' organ tropism, and both cause ARD infections. Both also share highly homologous Hexon genes, except for a 400 base pair (bps) region that allows these two viruses to be distinctly differentiated from each other based on serological cross reactivity.


In sandstone bottom-water reservoir accompanying with oil production nearly-vertical pressure gradient will be generated at the lower position of oil-bearing formation and results in the bottom water moving upward. The author developed a new method of ″producing water and eliminating conning″ to restrain bottom-water movement and increase oil recovery. Using reservoir simulation technique studied its applicable conditions applicable range opportune moment and economic risk etc. in terms of its mechanism. Through the analysis of a certain block of Tarim basin it is recognized this method is more adaptable to middle-late period sandstone bottom-water reservoir development and it will obtain good economic benefit for improved increase of crude oil recovery. It has bright future to be widely applied.


We study the behaviour of three photospheric lines (Fe I 537.9, C I 538.0 and Ti II 538.1 nm), monitored on the Sun since 1978, either as full-disk or as center-disk measurements. The aim is to detect photospheric variations with the cycle. We reconstruct the cyclic variations of full-disk line depths as due to the active region modulation, through a spectral synthesis with FAL semiempirical models (Fontenla et al.). We show that ARs alone cannot account all the observational results. The difference between observed behaviour of these three lines at full-disk and the AR contributionm as predicted by the models, correlates with the measured center-disk line variations, and a common periodicity of ∼ 2.8 yr is


A History of Butô: Dancing in a Swirl of Imagery is a rip-roaring account of one of the most important and influential performance arts of the latter half of the 20th century. Tracing the performances and techniques of ten of the most important names in the first and second generation of butô, A History of Butô puts on display the mind-blowing creativity of the founders as well as the variety of directions taken by subsequent dancers. In addition, A History of Butô places these choreographer/dancers at the center of some of the most important issues of our time, such as the relationship between humans, technology and new media, and the status of gender and ethnicity.


AIM:To evaluate the visual outcomes and patient satisfaction of two multifocal intraocular lens implantation patterns,with the decision between the two patterns being guided by the patients' choice of visual zones that best suited their lifestyle,or lifestyle zones.· METHODS:This is a prospective non-randomized comparative study.The lifestyle zones of 32 consecutive age-related cataract patients (64 eyes) were investigated individually to guide the surgical decision between two multifocal intraocular lens implantation patterns.The first group (MIX) received a combined implantation of a ReZoom NXG1 lens in the dominant eye and a Tecnis ZM900 lens in the other eye.The second group (MATCH) received bilateral ReZoom NXG1 lenses.One year postoperatively,the patients were assessed for binocular uncorrected visual acuity,reading visual acuity,reading speed and depth of focus under different luminance and were surveyed for visual disturbances,satisfaction and complete spectacle independence.· RESULTS:According to the determination of lifestyle zones,18 and 14 patients were included in the MIX and MATCH groups,respectively.One year postoperatively,each of the patients exhibited positive visual outcomes and lifestyle satisfaction,although there were still some differences between the two groups.Generally,patients in the MATCH group had better distance visual acuity than those in the MIX group.In contrast,patients in the MIX group had better near visual acuity,better reading acuity and better reading speed than those in the MATCH group.Between the two groups,there was no clear difference in intermediate visual acuity,and the depths of focus between the two groups were approximately equal.The results of the mean NEI-RQL-42 questionnaire score,overall satisfaction,and complete spectacle independence did not differ between the two groups.· CONCLUSION:Different multifocal intraocular lenses implantation patterns can have differing advantages and disadvantages;however,the best results with respect to visual outcome and pat


This study aims to discover the impact of training program about the emotional disclosure, developed by the researcher on the undergradutes' emotional disclosure. The research was designed in post test and pre-test experimental study with control group. 48 undergradute students, 24 of them experimental gruop and control group, participated the study. The data was obtained through "the Emotional Expression Scale" developed by King & Emmons and adapted by Kuzucu (2006). The Scale consists of three subdimensions. Its Cornbach Alpha Coefficient is .85. The data was analyzed through the independent t-test. The finding indicated that the experimental group scored higher than the control group in the post-test. This finding also proved that the training program about the emotional disclosure can be considered as effective on the undgraduates' emotional disclosure and expression. Results from the study was discussed in the light of literature and several suggestions were made.


The content of metoprolol (1) injection was determined in UV spectrophotometry.The average recovery was 100.3 % (RSD=0.7 % ).The injection was examined in thin layer chromatography as well.The results showed that 1 injection was rather stable to light and heat.The shelf life could be tentatively given for one years.


The physical model of single-ring feedback phase-shift controlling and the model of dual-ring feedback phase-shift controlling are proposed in this text according to the method of chaos feedback phase-shift for dual-ring erbium-doped fiber laser. On this basis, the output of system was simulated by computer. After synthetically analyzing the simulating result, we reached a conclusion that it's effective to control the output into chaos state, stable state or periodic state. By comparison, we knew the feedback coefficient and feedback phase-shift have a different impact on different models.


Present day cities are highly diverse and include ongoing socio-spatial transformations. Attending to recent calls made within urban planning literature to draw on relational, nonrepresentational approaches to better attend to current cities dynamics, this paper suggests three adapted qualitative methods to the study of socio-spatial relations. The paper draws on three empirical case studies of diverse urban settings (the international airport and high-rise residential complexes) in which traditional qualitative methods were adjusted to attune to 'affects' in socio-spatial research: sense-oriented observations; experiential walking tours; and in-depth in situ interviews. The paper discusses the benefits and disadvantages of each of these methods and reconsiders the knowledge that can be derived from socio-spatial studies in urban planning for better urban futures. The paper advances the development of a solid nonrepresentational framework in urban planning to derive nuanced understandings of diverse urban experiences in rapidly changing cities, and planning which is more attentive to multiplicities, transformations, and complexities. For nonrepresentational scholars, the paper contributes to the search of affective methodologies empirical examples utilizing qualitative methods which were adjusted to include affective experiences in diverse urban settings.


AbstarctThe phytochemical analysis of the medicinal plants are important and have commercial interest in both research institutes and pharmaceutical companies for the manufacturing of the new drugs for treatment of various diseases. Wood apple fruit has got high medicinal value. The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-nutrient and preliminary phytochemical screening of the wood apple seeds, an unconventional protein source. Three different extracts (methanol, aqueous and ethanol) were prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents. The results revealed the presence of medicinally important phytochemical constituents were high in aqueous extracts of Limonia acidissima seeds than in methanol and ethanol extractions. The anti-nutrients (Tannin, Saponin, Oxalate and Phytate) compositions were higher in wood apple seed flour when compared to wood apple seed protein concentrate. Thus, the results scientifically validate the use of Limonia acidissima in the traditional medicine and it can be used to treat various disorders caused by free radical and chemical substances due to presence of secondary metabolites.


Abstract Bioassays were conducted to study the effectiveness of selected chemicals to prevent the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), from overwintering in buildings. We discovered that certain monoterpenoids elicited avoidance in adults toward treated filter paper within a petri dish bioassay at 1.0 mg/cm2. Camphor and menthol were the most effective of the monoterpenoids tested. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays revealed that beetles spent significantly more time (within 10-min observation periods) in the untreated control arm than in the arm containing camphor or menthol (both at 100 and 1,000 μg). Another olfactometer bioassay revealed that significantly more beetles remained in the untreated control arm than in the arm containing camphor or menthol (142 μg), within 45-min observation periods. When camphor (9.4% emulsified concentrate) was sprayed onto crevices on the exterior of a building through which beetles were entering, 100% of approaching beetles were repelled for the duration of the tests (0.5 h, two replicates). In another field experiment, significantly fewer H. axyridis were captured in traps containing camphor versus un-baited control traps. Research is continuing to develop a protocol for repelling nuisance beetle aggregations and conserving the beetles for biological control applications.


Abstract This paper presents results of friction-taper stud welding applied to super duplex ASTM A890 Gr.6A stainless steel. The input variables were the speed of rotation; the plunge depth and the downward force and they were tested with a specific geometry in a friction welding machine. These variables were applied by the Taguchi method. After the friction welding, the joints were inspected and was not found lacking of filling. The results of both bending test and tensile test were satisfactory. The temperatures of the process were recorded at three different points on the block welding and presented similar characteristic behaviours. The parameter window applied to this work proved to be suitable for welding of stainless steel super duplex ASTM A890 Gr6A.


Large samples of supernova remnants are needed in order to study the global distribution of supernovae in galaxies, for determining how the environment in which a SN explodes affects the appearance of a SNR, for studying abundances and abundance gradients in galaxies, for estimating SN rates, and in order to determine the energetics of SNRs and their expansion. Here we describe techniques which are currently being used to expand SNR samples in nearby spirals.


May a claimant bring proceeding for infringement of privacy and confidentiality rights when a substantial element of the claim is damage to reputation? Or must the claim then be brought in defamation, when it would be subject to the rules of libel law, notably the defences of truth, honest opinion and privilege, and the rule in Bonnard v Perryman precluding the grant of interim injunctions in libel actions? This was the most important question in Hannon v News Group Newspapers Ltd, a case involving two actions brought for breach of confidence andmisuse of private information which has recently been considered byMann J. In the action brought by Ms Hannon, the Sun reported that the claimant, a model, 'went mad' when she found that her boyfriend, with whom she had been travelling on a flight from Bangalore to London, had behaved inappropriately on the flight with another woman passenger. It was reported that Ms Hannon had started to scream, and that all three passengers were arrested at the end of flight. (Ms Hannon was not chargedwith any offence, and neither of the other two passengers was convicted of being drunk on board the flight.) The second action concerned a claim by Mr Dufour, an airline captain with Air Canada, in respect of another article in the Sun giving a sensational account of events in which the claimant had been taken off a plane before it was due to leave Heathrow because it was suspected after a breathalyzer test that he had exceeded the permissible alcohol limit. In fact after blood tests had been taken, it was clear that his alcohol level was below the permitted limit, and he was released without charge. Both the articles in the Sun were published in April 2009, over a year before the proceedings were brought. Although the two actions were brought for breach of confidentiality and infringement of privacy, both claims referred to the humiliation suffered by the claimants and the damage to their reputation. This was particularly clear in the action brought by Mr Dufour, which in Mann J's view was 'heavily weighted by reputational matters'. So the argument for the newspaper was that it was


NO‐dependent relaxation of ovine cerebral arteries is enhanced during postnatal maturation but is attenuated by acclimatization to high altitude. Because NO‐mediated vasorelaxation is mediated by activation of PKG, which in turn activates large conductance BK channels, we hypothesized that the effects of both maturation and chronic hypoxia on NO‐dependent relaxation are mediated by modulation of PKG effects on BK channels. In middle cerebral arteries from normoxic and chronically hypoxic fetal and adult sheep, iberiotoxin (IBTX, an inhibitor of BK channels) enhanced the maximum contractile response to 5HT ≈10% in both age groups, but 8pCPT‐cGMP (8pCPT, a PKG activator) decreased this response ≈15% in fetal and ≈20% in adult arteries. Addition of 8pCPT followed by IBTX produced responses similar to controls in both age groups. In arteries treated with cumulative log dose increases of IBTX before or after incubation with 8pCPT, IBTX significantly enhanced basal tone ≈40% in both age groups. Preincubation with 8pCPT attenuated the contractile responses to IBTX by ≈70% in fetal and ≈90% in adult arteries. Addition of 8pCPT following maximum responses to IBTX decreased tone ≈30% in fetal and ≈40% in adult arteries. These results indicate that PKG enhances BK channel activity more in adult than fetal arteries, and markedly less in hypoxic than normoxic arteries.


Neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy has been employed to study the crystal-field splitting of Pr$^{3+}$ in the pyrochlore stannate Pr$_{2}$Sn$_{2}$O$_{7}$. The crystal field has been parameterized from a profile fit to the observed neutron spectrum. The single-ion ground state is a well isolated non-Kramers doublet of $\Gamma_3^+$ symmetry with a large Ising-like anisotropy, $\chi_{zz} /\chi_\perp \approx 60$ at 10 K, but with a significant admixture of terms $| M_J \neq \pm J >$ which can give rise to quantum zero-point fluctuations. This magnetic state satisfies the requirements for quantum spin ice behavior.


In this paper,Rh 2(OAc) 4 and Rh 6(CO) 16 were used as catalyst for hydroformylation and hydrogenation of 1 heptene to octanol in a high pressure reaction autoclave under favorable conditions.The active species in the Rh/PBu 3/EtOH catalytic system was studied by in situ IR.The aldehyde was seen to form first and increased to amaximum,then decreased to form octanol and disappeared in the end.This reaction sequence of hydroformylation of heptene and hydrogenation of heptyl aldehyde was thus further elucidated.The in situ IR spectra are different from what were determimed in air.


We compute the leading-color (planar) three-loop four-point amplitude of N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in 4 - 2{epsilon} dimensions, as a Laurent expansion about {epsilon} = 0 including the finite terms. The amplitude was constructed previously via the unitarity method, in terms of two Feynman loop integrals, one of which has been evaluated already. Here we use the Mellin-Barnes integration technique to evaluate the Laurent expansion of the second integral. Strikingly, the amplitude is expressible, through the finite terms, in terms of the corresponding one- and two-loop amplitudes, which provides strong evidence for a previous conjecture that higher-loop planar N = 4 amplitudes have an iterative structure. The infrared singularities of the amplitude agree with the predictions of Sterman and Tejeda-Yeomans based on resummation. Based on the four-point result and the exponentiation of infrared singularities, we give an exponentiated ansatz for the maximally helicity-violating n-point amplitudes to all loop orders. The 1/{epsilon}{sup 2} pole in the four-point amplitude determines the soft, or cusp, anomalous dimension at three loops in N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. The result confirms a prediction by Kotikov, Lipatov, Onishchenko and Velizhanin, which utilizes the leading-twist anomalous dimensions in QCD computed by Moch, Vermaseren and Vogt. Following similar logic, we are able to predict a term in the three-loop quark and gluon form factors in QCD.


I want to take this opportunity to thank the program committee for inviting me. I was asked specifically to discuss if real-time monitoring technology will be a game changer for perfusion safety. Again, there are no conflicts of interest for this presentation. To begin, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 stipulated that by January 1, 2014, all public and private health-care providers must have adopted and demonstrated meaningful use of an electronic medical record. This includes financial incentives for health-care providers who prove meaningful use through electronic healthcare records. Meaningful use is defined by Health IT government as using digital, medical, and health records to achieve improved quality, safety, and efficiency, and reducing health disparities, engaging patients and family, improving care coordination and public health, and maintaining privacy and security of patients' health information. In Figure 1, the adoption of the electronic health record among office-based physicians is about 78% for a basic system compared to the non-federated acute hospitals have a certified electronic medical record adoption rate of ∼94%. As of June 2014, more than 400,000 professionals representing 75% of the nation's eligible professionals have received incentive payments through the electronic health incentive program, and more than 4,500 hospitals representing 92% of eligible hospitals, including critical access hospitals, have received incentive payments. These payments have to be adopted and implemented and demonstrated in stages of meaningful use, and there are three stages. Stage 1 set the foundation for the EHR Incentive Programs by establishing requirements for the electronic capture of clinical data, including providing patients with electronic copies of health information. Stage 2 expanded upon the Stage 1 criteria with a focus on ensuring that the meaningful use of EHRs supported the aims and priorities of the National Quality Strategy. Stage 2 criteria encouraged the use of health IT for continuous quality improvement at the point of care and the exchange of information in the most structured format possible. In October 2015, CMS released a final rule that specifies criteria that eligible professionals, eligible hospitals and CAHs must meet in order to participate in the EHR Incentive Programs in 2015 through 2017 (Modified Stage 2) and in Stage 3 in 2017 and beyond. And you can see the maximum incentives are about $44,000.00 over 5 years for Medicare and about $63,000.00 for Medicaid. This program will will be extended to 2021, and this is an enormous amount of money. Billions of dollars are being spent. What I could not find in the literature was anything to tell me exactly how these monies are spent. So I decided to try to have a personal communication with Lucian Leape, MD. Dr. Leape is a thoracic surgeon who knows a great deal about cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac surgery. And my question—I e-mailed him and asked him—was, is the field of perfusion and cardiopulmonary bypass important enough to record in a realtime electronic medical record, and what pressure should be placed on hospitals to accomplish this? And, also, I had a good feeling that he might know through these incentive programs where these monies that are sent to hospitals nationally; I was wondering if there was any public record of the division, of the funds to the hospitals, or provisions of how they were able to spend these funds because that's been one of the problems, especially in perfusion, to get hold of equipment for electronic medical record. It's been very expensive. Of course I was disappointed, Dr. Leape didn't answer me, so that was a little bit of an embarrassment. So if he ever sees this recording, maybe he'll e-mail me back. Address correspondence to: Linda B. Mongero, CCP, Specialty Care, Inc., Nashville, TN 37203. E-mail: email@example.com


The plasticity of cancer cells depends on numerous factors that distinguish them from normal cells. Proteins with a tumor cell–selective killing activity offer powerful tools to uncover fundamental differences. Dziengelewski et al. show that one such protein, the adenovirus E4orf4, subverts Par3 to deregulate nuclear mechanics.


In lattice Boltzmann simulations particle groups — represented by scalar velocity distributions — are moved on a finite lattice. The size of these particle groups is not well-defined although it is crucial to assume that they should be big enough for using a continuous distribution. Here we propose to use the liquid–vapor interface as an internal yardstick to scale the system. Comparison with existing experimental data and with molecular dynamics simulation of Lennard–Jones-argon shows that the number of atoms located on one lattice site is in the order of few atoms. This contradicts the initial assumption concerning the number of particles in the group, therefore seems to raise some doubts about the applicability of the lattice Boltzmann method in certain problems whenever interfaces play important role and ergodicity does not hold.


Previous research on language and emotion in anthropology has demonstrated that rather than being a private, subjective, and prediscursive experience belonging to individuals, emotion is an intersu...


2541 Background: TRAP1 has been recently described as a component of a mitochondrial pathway selectively up- regulated in tumor cells which antagonizes the proapoptotic activity of cyclophilin D and is responsible for maintenance of mitochondria integrity, thus favoring cell survival. Interestingly, novel TRAP1 antagonists cause sudden collapse of mitochondrial function and selective tumor cell death, suggesting that this pathway may represent a novel molecular target to improve anticancer therapy. Furthermore, we recently observed that TRAP1 is significantly up-regulated in osteosarcoma cells adapted to growth in mild oxidizing conditions and this correlates with a phenotype more resistant to H2O2-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. This evidence prompted us to investigate the role of TRAP1 as being responsible for multi-drug resistance in human colorectal cancer.

METHODS AND RESULTS
The evaluation of TRAP1 expression by immunoblot and quantitative RT-PCR analysis in a series of 26 human colorectal carcinomas allowed us to observe up-regulation in 17/26 tumors. Accordingly, TRAP1 protein levels were increased in HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells resistant to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan. Interestingly, HT-29 colorectal carcinoma and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells transfected with TRAP1 gene exhibited a phenotype resistant to 5-fluorouracil-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-induced apoptosis, evaluated by MTT incorporation analysis and annexin V staining. Consistently, the transfection of a dominant negative N-terminal deletion mutant of TRAP1 as well as the inhibition of TRAP1 activity by the TRAP1 ATPase antagonist, shepherdin, increased the sensitivity to apoptosis induced by 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan in wild type HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells and in HT-29 cells resistant to the single agents.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the increased expression of TRAP1 in human colorectal carcinomas could be part of a pro-survival pathway responsible for multidrug resistance. Thus, targeting TRAP1 may represent a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of anticancer agents in colorectal cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


It is a commonplace of literary criticism that the criteria to be used in the understanding of a poem are internal. What counts as evidential in respect of poetic intent and meaning is what the poet actually says in the poem, and the only methodology worth serious attention is a careful, detailed and critical analysis of the poem itself. Despite this platitude biographical assumptions and postulates have exerted, and are still exerting, a disconcerting influence upon the criticism of ancient literature, most notoriously, perhaps, in the case of Virgil's epic, the Aeneid. All too frequently Virgil's life has been taken as the datum, the fact, to which his epic has had to be accommodated. This is not the occasion to take up arms against the biographical approach to Roman poets; I wish only to assert that, while it is important to place a poem such as the Aeneid in its historical context, it is equally important (indeed, more important) not to allow the historical context to dictate the interpretation of the poem. The poem, after all, is not a postulate; it is a determinate thing, present in a way in which a historical context is not. It must be given primacy, and any attempt to supplant this primacy with biographical hypotheses about the working of a poet's mind during the third decade B.C. based upon ambiguous external criteria would be the antithesis of the procedures of serious (that is to say, intelligent and relevant) criticism.


For last few years many research have been taken place to recognize various meaningful patterns from time series data. These researches are based on recognizing basic time series patterns. Most of these works used template based, rule based and neural network based techniques to recognize basic patterns. But in time series there exist many composite patterns comprise of simple basic patterns. In this paper we propose two novel approaches of recognizing composite patterns from time series data. In our proposed approach we use combination of template based and rule based approaches and neural network and rule based approaches to recognize these composite patterns.


Abstract Hydroxyapatite whisker (HW) was synthesised and used as a bioactive filler to reinforce dental resin composite. The effect of HW mass fraction on physical and mechanical properties of the composite was investigated by universal testing machine, microhardness tester and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). HW had a superior reinforcing efficacy. Flexural modulus and Vickers microhardness of the resin composite were continuously improved with the increase of whisker fraction. Impregnation of 20 wt-% silanised HW into the resin dramatically improved flexural strength and compressive strength by 33·4 and 11·3% respectively. However, higher whisker fraction would not further enhance the strength of the composite, which might result from poor whisker dispersion. At higher filler loading, whisker tended to form agglomerations which were similar to the microstructure of enamel. It was revealed that HW could be a promising filler to fabricate bionic dental restoration with reliability.


Roads have been, since the introduction of motor vehicles, one of the basic pillars of a modern society. Today almost 1 out of every 2 inhabitants in the 15 EU-Countries is an owner of a passenger car with increasing trend. But besides people, goods are reaching the consumer mostly via the road network (35% increase in the last decade within the EU). Keeping up with such a demanding system is vital for the whole EU.


The observation that leukocyte‐endothelial cell (EC) interactions are localized to specific regions on the vessel wall suggests that adhesion molecule distribution on the endothelium is not uniform. We used intravital confocal microscopy to compare the expression of ICAM‐1 in arterioles vs venules in control and TNF‐α (500 ng, intrascrotally) induced inflammation. ICAM‐1 expression levels were indicated by normalized intensity of fluorescently labeled surface ICAM‐1 in blood perfused cremaster muscle microvessels of anesthetized mice (Nembutal, 74 mg/ml) and were found to be not uniform. Under normal conditions venular ICAM‐1 expression was approximately two fold higher than the expression in arterioles. Following TNF‐α treatment ICAM‐1 expression was significantly increased, 2.8±0.2 fold in arterioles and 1.7±0.2 in venules (n=4, p‐value <0.05). However, ICAM‐1 expression on activated arteriolar ECs only reached the level of venular ICAM‐1 expression observed under control conditions. Additionally, arteriolar but not venular ECs underwent redistribution of ICAM‐1 among cells, where some cells increased and some decreased the ICAM‐1 expression, magnifying the variability of ICAM‐1. Also, TNF‐α treatment resulted in longer bright regions per unit length of the vessel (42% in control, 70% in TNF‐α) along the arteriolar wall, but no significant change was observed in venules. The fact that arteriolar ECs respond to TNF‐α by upregulation of ICAM‐1 expression, although in a different way compared to venules, suggests an explicit role for arterioles in inflammation.


In support of the SOA/J2EE design pattern, China Vnet's AAA system adopts the MVC architecture of the Web Services mode and the development methodology of components. It makes the AAA system organize applications and exchange information with the outside environment steadily and safely,and it is easy for new applications to be createdAt present,the AAA system is applied to China Vnet and features excellent expandibility,adaptibility and reliability.


To measure the changes in respiratory mechanics and administrate respiration during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients. 20 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia and controlled ventilation were selected. Ventilation parameters (tidal volume=body weight × 10 mL, respiratory rate 12 times/min) before operation were set. After pneumoperitoneum, ventilation parameters (tidal volume: body weight × 6~7 mL, respiratory rate 16~20 times/min) were adjusted. PETCO2 were maintained between 35 and 45 mmHg. Airway pressure, compliance of lung and PETCO2 were monitored with Datex gas monitor. Measurements were done at 5 distinct phases: five minutes after the induction of anesthesia; five minutes before pneumoperitoneum; five minutes after pneumoperitoneum; five minutes after adjusting ventilation parameters; five minutes after the peritoneal deflation. Respiratory mechanics were analysed using SPSS 11.5 statistics software. When compared to preinsufflation values, airway pressure after abdominal insufflation became a significant increase in airway pressures (16%) at constant tidal volume and respiratory frequency. And compliance of lung became a significant decrease from (39.85±11.22) mL/cmH2O to (27.29±5.79) mL/cmH2O. After adjusted ventilation parameters, airway pressure had a significant improvement. Respiratory mechanics returned to baseline values after abdominal deflation. [Conclusion] After CO2 insufflation, high intraabdominal pressures results in significant increase of airway pressure and decrease of compliance. Therefore, we should pay attention to respiratory manage and adjusting ventilation parameters during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


The Covid-19 crisis, started as an endemic health crisis but it was rapidly transformed to a global pandemic. As expected, it did not leave the global economy unaffected. The prolonged interruption of the production activity and the relevant general lockdowns, led to a significant drop in production, consumption and employment. This rapid deterioration of the economic activity and the associated increase in the uncertainty for the day-after, led to a significant decline of major stock markets around the globe. Banking institutions are fighting their own battle to continue their operation uninterrupted during the pandemic. Their problem is twofold: from one hand to deal with the decline in economic activity and on the other to adapt to a new and externaly imposed model of distance-banking. In this paper, we examine the possible impact of the Covid-19 crisis on bank share prices worldwide. We also measure and compare the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis. In measuring the impact of these two crises on bank share prices, we used bank share indices from four alternative countries: Greece, Germany, the US, and China for the period 2004:1 – 2021:2. The macroeconomic variables used in this context are: exchange rates, country specific 10-year government bond interest rates, the industrial production index and inflation, all in monthly frequency. Based on the empirical results, bank shares appear, in general, resilient and unaffected by these two crises.


Resveratrol (3,5,4′‐trihydroxy‐trans‐stilbene, tRV) is one of the most biologically active polyphenols of natural origin. It exhibits many beneficial properties namely antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, cancer preventing, and cardio‐protective. Despite that, the wide application of tRV, is limited by its poor water solubility, low stability, and consequently, weak bioavailability when administered orally. To overcome this deficiency, our group has developed novel resveratrol‐based derivatives by conjugation with other bioactive compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (p‐, m‐coumaric, ferulic and sinapinic). It is anticipated that conjugation of tRV will result in derivatives with lowered metabolism, higher stability, and altered molecular targets. The developed synthetic method is a four step procedure and leads to the high‐yield production of compounds with high purity. In this work, tRV esters and their unconjugated counterparts were tested in vitro for their biological activity. Experiments were carried out to check their potency to inhibit cholinoesterases, tyrozynaze, elastaze, and collagenase; moreover, their ability as antioxidants and metal chelators were investigated. Resveratryl tri‐p‐coumarate, resveratryl tri‐m‐coumarate, and resveratryl triferulate express significant inhibitory activity towards butyrylcholinesterase, IC50= 29.57 ± 3.33 μg/ml, IC50=32.40±1.29 μg/ml, IC50=36.89 ± 1.05 μg/ml respectively. These values were similar to the IC50 values of reference compound galanthamine HBr. Inhibitory activity towards acetylcholinesterase were slightly lower. tRV conjugates with p‐coumaric and ferulic acid were the most potent in elastase inhibition assay; however, the tyrosynase inhibition study showed more of an effect by resveratryl tri‐p‐coumarate and resveratryl trisinapinate. The unconjugated tRV exhibited the strongest collagenase inhibiting property. tRV ester with sinapinic acid exhibited the highest metal chelating activity. Unconjugated tRV, sinapinic, and ferulic acids exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in both 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric‐Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The properties of free radical scavengers were diminished with the conjugated compounds; however, synthetic esters of those compounds may still be considered as good free radical scavengers.


Abstract. We propose two methods based on machine learning algorithms to estimate the level of spectral overlapping in a specific optical channel, without information of adjacent channels in Nyquist-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. The first method uses the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm to relate the membership degrees of the FCM matrix with the level of spectral overlapping in frames of 10 k symbols that relied on the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. The second method uses the density-based spatial clustering of application with noise algorithm to identify the level of spectral overlapping based on the number of symbols classified as noise (outliers) as well as the number of extra clusters found in a constellation diagram, resulting in an overlapping index. Both methods were experimentally verified in a 3  ×  16 Gbaud 16-QAM Nyquist-WDM system with different channel spacing. Knowing a priori the level of OSNR, results showed accuracy percentages up to 91% and up to 100% by the first proposed method in a multiclass and a binary classification, respectively. Moreover, the second method can achieve a percentage estimation up to 100% when optical channels are overlapped more than 12.5%. Thereby, both methods could be implemented in monitoring tools for incoming gridless optical transmission systems.


The course Wild Plant Resource is a general elective course that was offered early in our university.As an applied and interdisciplinary subject,this course is based on botany and phytochemistry,and its aim is to stimulate students' interest in learning,broaden their scope of knowledge and strengthen their innovative potential.The paper discusses the following teaching strategies: making full use of course resources,adopting corresponding teaching strategies,carefully selecting the teaching content,properly arranging field practice teaching,adopting the concrete teaching methods according to the student's needs,and using scientific assessment and evaluation methods.


In a tokamak electron cyclotron emission (ECE) is measured to determine electron temperature profile and its evolution. Michelson interferometer (MI) diagnostic is capable of measuring the spectrum of the ECE in a wide spectral range (70-500 GHz). Usually MI is calibrated with hot-cold technique. The lab calibration of the MI diagnostics is carried out locally with room temperature and cold source. The absolute calibration of the diagnostics is done with transmission lines, bends, mode converters etc. During absolute calibration signal is below noise level and very long integration time is required to improve S/N ratio. Hence a high temperature calibration source is required to reduce the integration time. This paper deals with the development and characterization of a high temperature black body source. This source has been developed by precise machining of cones on a metallic surface and then coating it with silicon carbide paste and electrically heating to a temperature of 873 K. The broadband characterization of this high temperature source has been done with hot cold technique. Initially, the calibration factor of the system is determined by periodic switching between the room temperature source and the cold source. The calibration factor obtained from two sources at known temperatures is used to determine the radiation temperature of the unknown high temperature / hot black body source by Fourier transform MI over a wide frequency range of 70 500 GHz. The radiation temperature of the hot source measured during characterization was found to be in the range 737 755 K in entire band. The radiation temperature was about 125 K below the physical temperature of the hot source due to radiation losses. The broadband characterization of high temperature / hot black body source with MI has been carried out and results have been presented.


Flow conservation equation and pressure balance equation of double-shaft blow and exhaust ventilation model for highway tunnels are recommended on basis of hydrodynamics in the paper.The dichotomy algorithm is adopted to extract the numerical analysis of the flow conservation equation.Furthermore,the initial trial value and constraint conditions of the algorithm are discussed.Based on the above dichotomy algorithm,a calculation program for the ventilation system consisting of double-shaft blow and exhaust model integrated with jet fans has been developed by using a robust object-oriented programming language called Visual Basic for Application(VBA).The calculation program has been applied in the design of the ventilation systems of several highway tunnels and satisfactory effect has been achieved.Finally,the countermeasures to improve the economic efficiency of the ventilation system are presented in respect of economic air velocity and equipment control.


Deprotonation at the 6-methyl group of 4-methoxy-6-methyl-3-trimethylsilyl-2H-pyran-2-one (1d) resulted in the formation of an extended enolate (1e) which was spectroscopically identified. The utility of this enolate towards the synthesis of some natural products of polyketide origin has been described, e.g. the synthesis of 4-methoxy-6-(2-oxopropyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (4) and 4-methoxy-6-phenacyl-2H-pyran-2-one (5), the former having been isolated from Penicillium stipitatum culture, and the synthesis of 5,6-dehydrokawain (6), a natural product extracted from the wood of Aniba firmula and from the seeds of Alpina blepharocalyx.


The provisioning parameters, breeding success, adult mass, and survival of yellow-nosed albatrosses were studied over 7 successive years at Amsterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean. We examined the ability of this long-lived seabird to adjust its breeding effort under different environmental conditions and the fitness consequences in terms of survival and quality of offspring produced. Provisioning rate and adult mass varied extensively between years, and the lowest and highest values were associated with sea surface temperature anomalies. When waters around the island were colder, adults were in good condition and brought large meals at short intervals, whereas warmer waters resulted in lower provisioning rates, lower adult mass, and lighter chicks at fledging. Adult survival and fledging success were not affected by sea surface temperature anomalies. Yellow-nosed albatrosses
appear to be unable to adjust their breeding effort every season, and their differential breeding investment probably primarily reflects different levels of food availability. Yellow-nosed albatrosses are able to regulate their provisioning behavior according to the nutritional status of their chick only when conditions are favorable. Birds appear to invest primarily in their own future maintenance rather than in provisioning. They have a wide safety margin in body mass that limits mortality risks during good
years as well as during poor years. However, during unfavorable seasons adults continue to provision chicks that have a poor prospect of survival to breeding, without additional survival costs for the parents. Favorable seasons therefore have a high value in terms of fitness because of the high quality of the chick produced. We suggest that understanding how long-lived animals
optimize their provisioning behavior and lifetime reproduction can only be achieved through studies encompassing several contrasted seasons.


S154 Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ¦ Volume 8 ¦ Supplement 1 ¦ August 2017 anesthesia due to significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR). The patient is also exposed to significant hemodynamic alterations to laryngoscopy and intubation leading to hypertension, dysrhythmia, and increased ICP. High dose of opioid is required to obtund these hypertensive responses which delay the emergence from anesthesia and may require postoperative mechanical ventilation. Hypovolemia and hypotension worsen the existing right to left shunt and cyanosis. Among the anesthetic agents for induction of anesthesia, ketamine has shown the best results in the patients with CHD as it prevents significant decrease in SVR but needs to be avoided in the patients with raised ICP.[1,2] Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2‐agonist having sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects without causing any respiratory depression. It also has an opioid‐sparing effect. This drug has been found to be useful in the management of cyanotic spells at an infusion rate of 0.2 μg/kg/h.[3,4]


Based on the questionnaire data from the members of non-profit organization(NPO) and related government departments,the research on the current cooperative status and willingness of them in emergency management is carried out.The results show that,the situation of co-operation between the government and NPO is not encouraging;the co-operation experience has the significant effect to their confidence in the future cooperation;both of them believe that the lack of laws and regulations is a major obstacle in the future co-operation.


In Enzo Giannelli's h'uomo che sognava i cavalli^ a volume gathering together a series of private discourses by Sandro Penna, we possess a remarkable portrait of the artist as an old man. That is, of an eccentric individual burdened with a thousand anxieties and preoccupations, delighted to engage in all variet}' of gossip, empowered with a sparkling sense of humour and still very much buzzing with life. From the abundant material contained in Uiiomo che sognava i cavalli it is possible to discover much about Penna's earliest sexual exploits. For instance, the interested part}^ recounts that as a small child, somewhere around the age of two, he found himself alone in a garden with before him an attractive girl and baby boy, probably brother and sister. Suddenly, in an act of exhibitionism, he raised his clothing and displayed his genitalia to these two people. But this was anything but a one-off incident. It would seem, in fact, that as a young child Penna regularly indulged in acts of indecent exposure. The poet goes on to inform Giannelli that once, when he was around ten or eleven, a lady asked him if he felt ashamed about his deviant behaviour. "Mah, puo darsi che sia una cosa vergognosa" (98), thought Penna, but in reality he found the whole thing enjoyable. It was then that the budding poet dreamt up the ensuing ditt}' in rhyming ottonari^ reproduced by Giannelli in the course of his book:


Successful deposition of variety of materials by cold spray provides the opportunity to tailor a wide range of coating/substrate systems with specific functions for different applications. The aim of this paper is to present a critical review of cold spray for corrosion protection. Application of cold spray to provide superior corrosion resistance by depositing more noble materials, formation of passivation layer, and cathodic protection is reviewed. State-of-the-art on cold spray deposition for corrosion mitigation is summarised. Special attention is given to assess the effect of cold spray parameters and conditions on the resultant corrosion performance. The effects of deposition temperature/pressure, particle size, coating thickness, carrier gas, post-treatment, and co-deposition of metals and ceramic particles on corrosion behaviour are discussed. Specific industrial applications of cold spray against corrosion are presented by a few examples in various fields such as biomedical, naval, electronics and hot corrosion protection. The review is concluded with a designated section to critically discuss the 'path forward', and propose new avenues for further research and developments.


As part of a Department of Energy study, a 9C VSP and two crossing lines totaling ten miles of 9C surface seismic were acquired to study the fractured gas reservoir in the upper Green River formation at the Bluebell-Altamont field, Utah. An azimuth-dependent amplitude variation with offset (AVO) anomaly was observed in the P-wave reflection seismic, attributed to the anisotropy caused by the presence of gas-filled vertical oriented fractures. The presence of seismic anisotropy was substantiated by the 9-component (9C) VSP.


Phagocytes, such as monocytes and macrophages, are important cells of the innate immunity in the defense against microbes. So far, it is unclear how these cells survive at the site of combat against microbes, where a hostile inflammatory environment prevails with strong complement activity. We hypothesized that IL‐10, a key cytokine involved in the resolution of inflammation, induces resistance to complement attack. Here, we demonstrate for the first time such a cell‐protective effect of IL‐10 on human monocytes and macrophages. IL‐10 is indeed able to protect these cell types in an in vitro model of complement lysis triggered by an anti‐MHCI antibody or by binding of zymosan. Investigating potential underlying mechanisms, we found that IL‐10 up‐regulated the expression of complement regulatory membrane protein CD59 and the general cell‐protective stress protein HO‐1 in human monocytes. However, further functional analysis failed to link these individual IL‐10‐mediated effects with the increased protection from complement lysis. Blocking the protective effect of CD59 with an antibody increased complement lysis but did not abrogate the IL‐10‐protective effect. Interestingly, chemical interference with HO‐1 activity did abrogate the protective effect of IL‐10, but siRNA‐mediated knockdown of HO‐1 did not confirm this observation. Our results suggest that IL‐10 generates pathogen‐clearing phagocytes, which are resistant to complement lysis and thereby, enabled to survive longer in a hostile inflammatory environment.


A theoretical model is developed for the intrinsic generation-recombination (G-R) noise in bipolar graphene that stems from stochastic processes of interband carrier transitions in the zero-gap single layer. The correlation functions are obtained for microscopic Langevin sources of fluctuations relevant to the considered G-R processes. The spectral density of the G-R fluctuations is of a Lorentz shape with the characteristic frequency fc=1/2πτr, where the recombination time τr is expressed through the G-R rates and the carrier density. Numerical estimates clearly demonstrate the potential dominance of G-R noise over the Nyquist and flicker noise in monolayer graphene.


Flowmeter users have several options when deciding upon a calibration solution. Their choices include: 1) Contract with an established flow laboratory offering primary standard flowmeter calibration services, 2) Utilize a staffed, onsite calibration service employing either a Primary Standard Flow Calibrator or Flow Transfer Standard (FTS), 3) Purchase their own Primary Standard Calibration System for in-house use, or 4) Acquire a secondary standard FTS to perform their own field calibrations.


Cold ramming paste with the ramming temperature range of (20±5)℃ for aluminum electrolysis cell was prepared with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as binder, electro-calcined anthracite and graphite as aggregate, which has good properties such as low electrical resistivity of 58.25 μΩ·m and high compressive strength (28.05 MPa). It is much better than that of some domestic factories, but a little better than foreign products through property tests. And the analytical results by IR and TG-DSC for the change of functional groups of PF resin at different carbonization temperatures, of mass and heat when heated show that the higher the carbonization temperature is and then the resin functional groups disappear more completely, finally PF resin can be condensed into higher degree of polymerization of aromatic ring. TG-DSC profile of cold ramming paste is very complex and can be divided into four stages.


Having conducted regional experiments at three selected points respectively in three year's time the results showed that Wusu No.1 (104.1-2.4)Bromus inermis forage grass gives a high production and is high and stable yield belonging to a type of plenteous harvest and mown grass, It is drought-enduring and of asexual hybridization, and has dready satisfied the criteria and conditions of a new strain of Bromus inermis achieved the goals of breeding, therefone it is suited for spreading planting at each region's selected points.


This study aimed to evaluate the use of 1 Hz pulsed magnetic field (PMF) in the preservation of fresh ground beef during aerobic refrigerated storage. Supraspinatus muscle from Angus cattle was ground and aerobically packaged into 21 portions. These portions were divided into three treatment groups: not exposed to PMF (control); exposed to PMF for 2 h (PMF-2h) and exposed to PMF for 12 days (PMF-12d). Packages from all groups were stored for 12 days in the dark at 4°C. One package from each group was used for microbiological assays and analyses of pH, instrumental color, myoglobin and lipid oxidation. Results have shown that exposure to PMF for 12 days did not alter the preservation and quality of ground beef compared to the control. However, samples exposed to PMF for 2 h reduced the microorganism growth and metmyoglobin content in relation to the control group. However, pH, instrumental color and lipid oxidation of samples exposed to PMF for 2 h did not change during storage compared to the control. We concluded that PMF could be used for fresh meat preservation. However, more studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of action of the magnetic field.

Practical Applications

In the present study, the use of a moderate pulsed magnetic field for preservation of fresh beef looks promising for preventing microbial growth, without changing some parameters such as pH, color or lipid oxidation. However, this mild and nonthermal technology needs more studies to evaluate some factors such as the exposure time to the magnetic field. In general, the use of the magnetic field in food preservation may be a viable alternative to the traditional technologies, and can be used alone or in combination with traditional methods in order to increase their efficiency.


Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) have shown their applicability to control the spatio-temporal characteristics of ultra-short laser pulses. DOEs can provide high efficiency, compactness, very low material dispersion and, when implemented with spatial light modulators, real-time pulse engineering. In this communication, we report management of temporal and spectral profiles of ultra-short pulses by means of a quasi-direct space-to-time (QDST) pulse shaper. Moreover, we present spatio-temporal control, including dispersion compensation, by DOEs, and applications for activating nonlinear processes. On the other hand, we have achieved complete spatial control of ultra-short pulses, overcoming spatial chirp effects. The methods and experiments presented in this communication illustrate the capabilities of DOEs to control ultra-short laser pulses and their suitability for a variety of applications.


The long-term performance of repaired concrete structures can be achieved on a system basis only -- starting with a proper design and specification, taking into account the demands of the environment, selection of compatible materials, production technology, and quality control of all materials and operations. The response of the repair system to the changes exerted by the repair must be understood for the successful design and construction of durable concrete repairs. Repair materials with relatively low strength, low shrinkage, high creep, and low modulus of elasticity are the most desirable for nonstructural, protective repairs. A cumulative result of the combination of such properties is a repair with higher strain capacity and minimal cracking.


Some chaotic properties of a six-dimensional nonlinear dynamic system are investigated. Equations describing the system are based on the equivalent circuit of a magnetic frequency tripler. Numerical solutions are obtained using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm. Simulation results reveal the presence of Hopf and a period-doubling bifurcations. Phase space projections at points before and after bifurcations show the existence of three symmetrical and four asymmetric regions. Poincare maps reveal six different chaotic attractors within the asymmetric regions. The correlation dimension of the sea horse attractor is found to be 2.37.


As the development of the computer technology techniques,which as a common tool of network intrusion,is becoming a growing threat to information safety technology for computer network.Trojan implementation techniques are studied,and detecting as well as killing Trojans are deeply analyzed.Basing on the platform of VC++6.0 and using reverse ling technology;Port recall Trojan horse is studied and designed and easy to plant.In the end,corresponding killing Trojans tool is designed which can effectively detect and eliminate the Trojan.This paper is very helpful to study and defense Trojans programs.


Uganda has undertaken ambitious investments in public infrastructure over the past decade in order to grow its economy over the medium term. These investments require large-scale and long-term financing which is in short supply. A study conducted by the African Development Bank in 2013 identified "infrastructure project bonds" as an efficient form of financing infrastructure development in Africa and delineated the necessary conditions for their success. Four years later, we investigate efforts undertaken in Uganda to effectively utilize infrastructure project bond financing; the existing challenges, and propose recommendations for the development of infrastructure bond financing within Uganda's capital markets.


This research is mainly aimed to improve the effectiveness of students'
reading skill throughTeams Game Tournament (TGT) method. This research will
answer these problems of the study (1) How the use of TGT method to improve
students' reading skills? (2) How is the significant of class achievements after
using TGT method in reading comprehension?Thirty six students of the eleventh
grade of SMA N 3 Salatiga instructed through teams game tournament to improve
their reading skill. The methodology of this research is experimental. It compares
two classes that use TGT as a learning method, called experimental class, and the
another one which does not use TGT as a learning method, called control class .
The result of this research, the researcher finds the different findings on it. The
mean score in control class in the pre-test is 66,58 up to 79,03 in post-test,
increase 18,77%. The score in experimental classin the pre-test is65,69 up to
86,81 in post-test, increase 32,15%. Thus, it means that result of the resea rch
shows that teams game tournament is successful to improve the students' reading
skill.


This work presents a comparative study comprising the traditional single-stage buck and buck-boost rectifiers used as high-current COB (chip-onboard) LED (light emitting diode) drivers. The structures are designed both in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) in order to analyze the existing stresses in the semiconductors and overall efficiency. For this purpose, a high-current COB LED is used while driven by the aforementioned single-stage non-isolated topologies. The drivers are supposed to present essential features when dealing with outdoor floodlighting e.g. high power factor and low harmonic distortion of the input current. Besides, simulation tests are performed using real intrinsic parasitic parameters of commercially available semiconductors. Finally, the results are properly discussed to evaluate the restrictions of these basic non-isolated high-current COB drivers.


The principal products of the reaction of phosphorus trichloride and oxygen with a variety of olefins are the corresponding 2-chloroethyl phosphorodichloridate and 2-chloroethylphosphonic dichloride. A linear relationship between Σσpara(Hammett) values for the olefinic substituents and the molar ratios of phosphoric and phosphonic dichlorides is discussed in terms of a free-radical scheme that accounts for all the products.


The time dependent effects of intravenous sodium meclofenamate (6 mg/kg) on blood flow to a variety of organs was studied in the conscious rabbit.


Chief Justice of the High Court Murray Gleeson speaks about the history of judicial appointments and decisions in the High Court, and also some possible constitutional interpretations, citing examples. He also shares his view that the High Court should not be predictable in giving decisions.


PurposeThis paper aims to extend the traditional conceptualization of localization, which has largely focused on recruitment, by examining "employability" and "retention" as crucial determinants of localization success.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data from local (Emirati) employees in private sector organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the authors develop a holistic model of localization and test the relationships between stereotypes, organizational socialization, employability and retention outcomes, using Smart-PLS.FindingsAmong the main findings are the significant influence of stereotypes on organizational socialization (OS) experiences of Emirati employees, with a negative relationship between "work ethics stereotypes" and perceptions of OS experiences. Strong evidence is also found for the indirect effects of OS experiences on retention of Emirati employees, mediated by employability.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the literature on localization by examining the relationships between key variables not examined together in previous research. In terms of limitations, the cross-sectional nature of the study prevents the identification of direction of causality among these relationships. Since employee integration, as part of localization efforts, is a gradual process, future research should include longitudinal studies.Practical implicationsEmployability has emerged as a significant challenge for organizations and governments working to implement successful localization initiatives. This study's findings highlight several opportunities for organizational and governmental policy interventions to support successful localization.Originality/valueThe authors' holistic model extends localization literature by providing evidence for the role of stereotypes and employability as key constructs to be examined along with OS experiences and retention.


In this paper, we use an inverse methodology to parameterize a box model of the Red Sea to study carbon exchanges and transport. In this application, we use simultaneously the information contained in physical and biogeochemical tracer profiles such as temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, oxygen, and phosphate. Since the Red Sea is subject to a seasonal monsoon regime and because we are interested in resolving exchanges from the surface to the bottom, we have decoupled the temporal regime into two seasons : winter (November to May) and summer (June to October). We present the two solutions which include advective and mixing (eddy diffusion) exchanges as well as new primary production, decomposition, carbonate formation, and dissolution. The circulation is reversed from one season to the next. The net biological exchanges (new production) of carbon, compatible with the dynamical solutions, are almost null for the organic processes (negative in summer, positive in winter); the budgets for the mineral processes are negative for both seasons. This result is consistent with the view that carbonates play an important role in the budget of carbon in Red Sea. Finally, taking advantage of richer data sets for the summer season, we present two box designs for this period. It appears that transport solutions are sensitive to the choice of box topology, whereas biochemical exchanges are roughly the same for both designs.


Face super-resolution has been studied for decades, and many approaches have been proposed to upsample low-resolution face images using information mined from paired low-resolution (LR) images and high-resolution (HR) images. However, most of this kind of works only simply sharpen the blurry edges in the upsampled face images and typically no photo-realistic face is reconstructed in the final result. In this paper, we present a GAN-based algorithm for face super-resolution which properly synthesizes photo-realistic super-recovered face. To this end, we introduce semi-dual optimal transport to optimize our model such that the distribution of its generated data can match the distribution of a target domain as much as possible. This way would endow our model with learning the mapping of distribution from unpaired LR images and HR images with desired properties. We demonstrate the robustness of our algorithm by testing it on Color FERET database and show that its performance is considerably superior to all state-of-the-art approaches.


the massive elevation of globalization raised the competition between companies. That compelled business owner to demand more focusing on core business and trying to get access to greater number of resources with minimum cost. That made outsourcing one of the proposed solutions for this purpose. This survey paper highlights the definition of outsourcing, its strategies, advantages and disadvantages. In addition, it conducts a survey on 32 people who is working in the Information Technology field in Jordan.


Environmental stress is the main cause of the decline of species diversity in low‐productive fen meadows in the Netherlands. Attempts to restore species diverse fen meadows e.g. by sod cutting frequently fail. We supposed that unsuccessful efforts are due to ignoring the impact of environmental stress on the performance of soil biota, which play a key role in N‐immobilization and keeping available‐N for primary production low. We investigated both pristine and degraded natural sites and successfully and unsuccessfully restored sites of poor and rich fen meadows. We determined plant species composition, soil chemical properties, N‐pools in soil biota, N‐mineralization rates, and N‐fluxes. In pristine rich and poor fen meadows, mineral‐N was poorly available for primary production due to a strong N‐immobilization by soil biota. Annual N‐immobilization fluxes exceeded by far the annual N‐harvest by primary production. N‐immobilization in pristine fens was higher than in degraded fens. In successfully restored rich fens, net N‐mineralization was lower and N‐immobilization higher than in the unsuccessful category. From our results, we derived the hypothesis that in degraded or in unsuccessfully restored fens the soils internal N‐balance shifted from N‐immobilization to net N‐mineralization, favoring biomass production but disadvantaging plant species diversity. N‐retention driven by an active N‐immobilizing soil biological community, is likely a decisive process for successful recovery of plant species diversity in low productive fen meadows. We recommend that restoration techniques should stimulate a functionally diverse soil fauna, as this may enhance the storage of available nutrients in the soil food web.


The article will analyse the greatest Hungarian securities fraud to date: the Quaestor scandal. Quaestor was a holding of several companies, including one of Hungary's biggest investment adviser and brokerage firms, which went into bankruptcy in early 2015. Later investigations uncovered a massive fraud with an estimated loss close to €500 million to investors, mainly caused by affiliated companies overselling their bonds many times over the limit set by the securities regulator. Using theoretical approaches from comparative political economy, economic sociology and organizational theory, the article will analyse how the institutional context of economic action on the financial markets was conductive to the fraud. Two major factors in particular will be emphasized: the political economy of finance, especially the underdeveloped nature of financial markets and the lack of a retail investor class; and the relative scarcity of capital.