This experimental study attempts to see whether incorporating supplemental podcasts into the blended module of second language (L2) vocabulary teaching and learning leads to better learning outcomes in comparison with other common teaching and learning methods as self-study and conventional. To that end, undergraduate students from Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences were summoned up via an announcement to take part in the study. Volunteers were homogenized via Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT) and were then randomly divided into three groups to learn English vocabulary items via three different scenarios during 32 sessions. The collected data from the participants' answers to the attitude questionnaire and interview as well as the data from assessing their performance throughout the course were analyzed both descriptively and inferentially. The analysis of the data revealed that the podcast-mediated blended L2 learning scenario appeared as the most successful scenario in L2 vocabulary learning. Consequently, it could be concluded that providing miscellaneous practicing opportunities for students would facilitate learning process and contribute to learning improvement. Persian Abstract: در این پژوهش تجربی، با پیوند پادپخش‌های آموزشی به شیوه‌ی یادگیری ترکیبی واژگان انگلیسی، تأثیر این شیوه با سایر شیوه‌های رایج آموزشی همچون سنتی و خود‌خوان مورد قیاس قرار گرفت. به این منظور، دانشجویان کارشناسی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی‌شاپور اهواز طی یک فراخوان جهت شرکت در آزمون تعیین سطح واژگان و همگون‌سازی دعوت شدند. در نتیجه 132 دانشجو به‌عنوان شرکت کننده انتخاب شدند تا واژگان انگلیسی را طی 32 جلسه و به شیوه‌های خودخوان، سنتی و ترکیبی مبتنی بر پادپخش فراگیرند. داده‌های گردآوری شده از پاسخ شرکت کنندگان به پرسشنامه‌ی نگرش، عمل‌کرد و نیز پاسخ‌های آن‌ها به مصاحبه پایانی، به شیوه‌های توصیفی و استنباطی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از اثر‌بخش بودن شیوه‌ی یادگیری ترکیبی مبتنی بر پادپخش در ارتقای دانش واژگان انگلیسی شرکت کنندگان بود. از این‌رو، می‌توان گفت شیوه‌های یادگیری به‌کمک فناوری از جمله یادگیری ترکیبی مبتنی بر پادپخش با فراهم نمودن محیط‌های متنوع یادگیری و تمرین نقش به‌سزایی در ارتقای دانش واژگان انگلیسی فراگیران ایفا می‌کند. واژگان کلیدی: شیوه ی یادگیری، واژگان انگلیسی، سامانه مدیریت یادگیری الکترونیکی، پادپخش


Portable or embedded systems allow more and more complex applications like multimedia today. These applications and submicronic technologies have made the power consumption criterium crucial. We propose new techniques thanks to which we can optimize the behavioral description of an integrated system before the hardware/software partitioning (codedesign). These transformations are performed on "for" loops that constitute the main parts of the multimedia code which handle the arrays. We present two new (polynomial) techniques for minimizing memory accesses in loop nests by data temporal locality optimization.


Rituximab (MabThera) is one of the potent drugs with selectivity for B-cells. In autoimmune disorders, the drug suppresses polyclonal antibody response against host antigens. In lymphatic malignancies, it selectively acts on tumor B-cells. Rituximab is widely used for treatment of a number of autoimmune disorders and lymphatic malignancies. Successful use of the drug in immune thrombopocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) (Moschcowitz''s disease), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, and other diseases is demonstrated. This review includes case reports on the above diseases. All patients are HIV-infected at the different stages of the disease. The efficacy of the drug and moderate toxicity are described. No correlation between the main indicators of HIV-infection (CD4 count and viral load) and therapy with rituximab was noted. In general, the use of rituximab in HIV-infected patients with hematological disorders was assessed as positive.


Moshe Wolman was born in 1914 in Warsaw, Poland. He immigrated to Palestine (then under British Mandate) as a child in 1925. He studied medicine in Italy (Florence 1932–1935 and Rome, 1935–1938) and qualified as an MD in 1938. The period 1938–1959 was spent in Jerusalem with the exception of his service in East Africa in the British Forces (1941–1946). In the period 1938 to 1940, he worked in the Cancer Research Institute of the Hebrew University. Afterwards, he was employed in the Department of Internal Medicine of the Hadassah University Hospital where he later served as a resident. In both institutions, he was engaged in scientific research and published a series of papers. In the late 1940s, he volunteered to serve in the British Army and joined the 101 Military Mission (the famous Gideon Force of Orde Wingate). He was involved in the operation in 1941 that brought Haile Selassie back to occupied Ethiopia and served as a medical officer in the emperor's camp. Moshe Wolman was in charge of a medical ward and clinical laboratory in the Menelik Hospital in Addis Ababa in the period 1941–1944 and during this period published scientific papers on louseborne relapsing fever and typhus. In 1944, he was posted in the Central Pathology Laboratory of the Middle East Forces located in the 15th Scottish General Hospital in Cairo, Egypt. There he participated in an advanced training course in pathology and supervised the testing of drugs for the treatment of relapsing fever on request of the British Medical Research Council in London, UK. In 1945 after completion of the course, he was appointed as head of the Pathology Laboratory of the 27th General Hospital in Tel-El-Kabir, Egypt.


Posttranslational modification of a shared transcription factor enables distinct stimuli to elicit the expression of different target genes. Nutrients regulate gene transcription by the dynamic cycling of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on proteins that constitute the transcriptional machinery. A study shows that O-GlcNAcylation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) subunit c-Rel is required for its binding to the promoters of some, but not all, key T cell receptor–dependent genes; however, O-GlcNAcylation is dispensable for the binding of c-Rel to the promoters of tumor necrosis factor–α–dependent genes. This study not only illustrates how specific stimuli that act on the same transcription factor can elicit the expression of particular sets of genes, it also suggests a possible mechanism for autoimmunity in diabetes.


During tokamak H-mode operations, the plasma is mainly carried in the scrape-off layer (SOL) by transient edge localized mode (ELM) filaments coming from the pedestal region with high energy and density. The magnitude of such carried heat fluxes can reduce the lifetime of plasma facing components of future fusion devices if not controlled. The understanding of ELM propagation across and along magnetic field lines is, however, still incomplete and measurements of important quantities at relevant microsecond time scale are still not common. In this paper, we present fast measurements of plasma parameters in the SOL of COMPASS tokamak during Type-III ELMs generated during NBI heated H-mode with BT ≈ 1.2 T and Ip ≈ 300 kA. The measurements are performed simultaneously at the equatorial plane with a horizontal reciprocating manipulator and in the divertor region using electrostatic probes. Ion saturation current, floating potential and plasma potential are measured with Langmuir and ballpen [1] probes in order to evaluate the time evolution of plasma density, electron temperature, plasma potential and parallel heat flux. The high temporal resolution of measured data, provided by a 5 MHz sampling rate data acquisition system, allows us to clearly distinguish individual filaments that form the ELMs. We evaluate characteristic propagation time scales and velocities of detected ELMs and show that convective parallel transport of the filaments is up to 2 orders of magnitude faster than the radial transport. Since ratio of characteristic distances in parallel and radial direction is of the similar order, we observe that during the parallel transition time of an ELM down to the divertor, at midplane the ELM propagates radially only ∼ 2 cm. Evaluation of radial profile of maximum of parallel heat flux carried by ELMs at midplane shows decay length larger than the decay length of inter-ELM plasma, in agreement with measurements on other devices [2].


This article traces the cosmopolitan structures Amitav Ghosh retrieves from the medieval Indian Ocean world and those he forges along the South Asian littoral in an era of climate change in the narrative works In an Antique Land and The Hungry Tide. Both turn to the Indian Ocean and its coastal delta in search of the permeability that characterises the littoral and the syncretic and/or dialogic cultural and life forms emerging along it, which stand in contrast to geopolitical boundaries and species borders. In this social, political and ecological space they locate a cosmopolitanism that interweaves, elaborates and exceeds the three principle threads in cosmopolitan thought. Reconceiving cosmopolitanism from the South in the 'Anthropocene Age', Ghosh – it is argued – pushes beyond the political limits of the 'citizen of the world' while immersing this concept in the mud of a local – sticky yet fluid – ecosystem.


Background  We have reported that in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) who reacted adversely to aspirin, the frequency of the −444C allele of the leukotriene C4 synthase gene (LTC4S) was higher than in patients who tolerated aspirin well.


An embodiment discloses a share device switching control method and a portable terminal. The share device switching control method includes: acquiring a first switching command; acquiring a power state of the share device determined by a first processing system through a data channel between the first processing system and a second processing system; controlling the power state of the share device to be the power state of the share device confirmed by the first processing system according to the power state of the share device determined by the first processing system; when the control of the power state of the share device is completed, switching connection between the share device and the second processing system into connection between the share device and the second processing system by responding to the first switching command. By the share device switching control method and the portable terminal, the synchronization of the power state of the share device on both software level and hardware level is guaranteed, individual adjustment of the power state of the share device is needless and user experience is improved.


The manual is for use as a guide in research projects concerned with fuel combustion. Basically, it describes and discusses standard methods of sampling and analysis for a variety of hydrocarbon fuels. The analyses covered are those of prime concern to the combustion engineer; no attempt is made to cover all analyses that may be required in a complete environmental assessment of any fuel combustion process. For each fuel covered, the manual indicates the analyses that are likely to be required, the preferred method of analysis, and available sampling procedures. For each method of analysis listed (preferred plus alternates, in many cases), the manual summarizes the method, discusses its applicability, and describes its precision. The manual covers gaseous fuels, liquid petroleum fuels, waste lubricating oil, shale oil, coal liquids, methyl fuel, coal, coke, refuse-derived solid fuels, and peat. The appendices give: the availability of Standard Reference Materials for fuel-related analyses; laboratory directories; typical values (or ranges) of parameters specified for each fuel; and results of fuel analyses conducted by the contractor.


Retinoids appear to have anti-proliferative effects on multiple myeloma lines. All trans retinoic acid (ATRA) given at high dose according to an intermittent schedule has better pharmacokinetically sustained levels. We studied 10 patients with relapsed/refractory MM who were treated with ATRA and interferon (IFN). We failed to demonstrate that this combination has clinically significant activity. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor was not downregulated by ATRA in the patients we studied. Significant hematologic and neurotoxicity were encountered. This regimen of intermittent ATRA and IFN is ineffective and poorly tolerated.


Abstract. We utilise a recently introduced Prolog package that allows communication with the R statistical software to develop a graph-centric suit of procedures that allow the exploration of biological data and hit-lists from within Prolog. We show how a number of public protein-protein interaction databases can be intuitively be represented as facts before we present search algorithms that are naturally expressed in logical terms. Visualisation of the resulting graphs is done via low-level communication to Bioconductor's RCytoscape package. We illustrate the utility of the integrative Prolog platform using two public databases and a graph search to connect elements of genes involved in cell motility.


The pituitary glycoprotein hormones LH and FSH regulate the reproductive cycle and are sensitive to feedback by gonadal steroids. The common α-subunit shared by these hormones is transcriptionally repressed by androgen receptor (AR) in the presence of its ligand dihydrotestosterone. This identifies at least one mechanism that contributes to AR-dependent suppression of gonadotropin synthesis. Repression of α-subunit transcription by AR requires only the sequences within the first 480 bp of the promoter. While this region contains a high-affinity binding site for AR, this element does not mediate the suppressive effects of androgens. Instead, two other elements within the promoter-regulatory region (α-basal element and cAMP-regulatory element), which are important for expression of theα -subunit gene in gonadotropes, mediate the effects of AR. This suggests that AR inhibits activity of the α-subunit promoter by interfering with the transcriptional properties of the proteins that bind to α-basal element and ...


The article argues culture, handcraft and tourism with focus in the creative industries. The study it make a clipping of production of the handcraft of city of Itabuna (BA), taking candies and drinks as guide of one small analyze on lead between memory collective and regional literature. With interviews the handcraftsman, it collects diffi culties and potentialities of the use of traditions of liquors and candies directed toward the tourism, aiming at the sustentabilidade. Talk on the necessity of policies for the quality, fi nancing, incentive and creation of nets, presenting some contributions resulting from this refl ection.


The asymptotic behavior of an almost periodic competitive system is investigated. By using differential inequality, the module containment theorem and the Lyapunov function, a good understanding of the existence and global asymptotic stability of positive almost periodic solutions is obtained. Finally, an example and numerical simulations are performed for justifying the theoretical results.


A. Integrated waste management This document is organised by waste management topics, which range from waste characteristics, to collection, to landfilling, and to public education and information management. Although these topics are discussed in detail later in the publication, some are also discussed generally in this chapter in the context of their relevance and application to supporting the basic framework for solid waste management. Specifically, this section discusses the relationships among the key topics covered in this book. Understanding these relationships is a key element in successfully achieving integrated waste management -a single, overall approach to managing waste in a city, town, or region. A1. ELEMENTS of a waste management system A comprehensive municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system includes some or all of the following activities: • setting policies; • developing and enforcing regulations; • planning and evaluating municipal MSWM activities by system designers, users, and other stakeholders; • using waste characterisation studies to adjust systems to the types of waste generated; • physically handling waste and recoverable materials, including separation, collection, composting, incineration, and landfilling; • marketing recovered materials to brokers or to end-users for industrial, commercial, or smallscale manufacturing purposes; • establishing training programs for MSWM workers; • carrying out public information and education programs; • identifying financial mechanisms and cost recovery systems; • establishing prices for services, and creating incentives; • managing public sector administrative and operations units; and • incorporating private sector businesses, including informal sector collectors, processors, and entrepreneurs. A2. WHAT is integrated waste management? Integrated waste management is a frame of reference for designing and implementing new waste management systems and for analysing and optimising existing systems. Integrated waste management is based on the concept that all aspects of a waste management system (technical


Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major problem worldwide ( WHO,2010 ) . One third of the world population are infected by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Approximately 9 million of new cases are identified and 2 –2 million people died because of this desease every year. WHO in an annual report on Global TB Control 200 9 stated that Indonesia is the third country in the world with tuberculosis problem after India and China. Tuberculosis is a communicable infection desase that causes many death amongst all age. Up to present the tuberculosis rehabilitation program in Indonesia is still far away from expected outcomes , as same as in Palembang . One of the main cause is high rate of incompliance to treatment . Thereore, the compliance to treatment is the most priority. Method : The purpose of this study was to determine variables influence the compliance of tuberculosis patients to treatment in Indonesia .The study took place in 36 public health center locations in Palembang City. The design of this study was cross sectional from wich the information about the compliance of the tuberculosis patients are measured simultaneously with the orther perception of attitudes.The datas were analysed using the Multiple Logistic Regression in order to find the most proper (fit), simple (parsimonious), and right (robust) model in order to describe the relationship between the outcome variable and set predictor variables and one set predictor variables . Two hundred eight subjects parcipat e d in the study of wich 66 , 8 % of the subjects are identified as having incompliance attitude. Based in the findings the study also propose a predicted model of TB patient's compliance to the treatment. Results : Multiple Logistic Regression analyses showed that the predictor of the patient's compliance to treatment are perceived self efficacy and perceived barriers to action (spesific behaviour), knowledge of the TB disease (prior behavior) and health care provider support ( influences interpersonal) . Perceived self efficacy is the main determinant. Patients who had perceived self efficacy are potentially to be comply to treatment 27,650 times. Patients who had knowledge of the TB disease have potentially to be c omply to treatment 8,930 times . P atients who din't have percieved barries to action have p o tentially to be comply 6,529 times , where as patients who had support from the health provider are potentially to be comply to treatment 5,509 times . Conclusion : The incompliance patient are caused by nothing perceived self efficacy 96%. If all TB patient have good perceived self efficacy, the number of incompliance can be reduced from 66,8% to 21,6%. The second variable is knowledge of the TB desease showed that 8 8 ,7 % of TB patients who had incompliance to the treatment is caused by la ck of knowledge the disease. If all TB patients had good knowledge of the TB desease , the rate of incompliance patients can be redused from 66,8 % to 16,97 %.The third variable is the perceived barries to action ; it is found that 84,7% of patients who had incompliance to the treatment is caused by the perceived barriers to action. If all patients didn't have barriers to action, the number of incompliance can be reduced from 66,8% to 23,65%. The incompliance patients are caused by no support from he a lth provider 81,8% if all TB patients got suffcient support from health care provider during treatment, the number of incompliance patients can be re d u c ed from 66,8 % to 29,46%. I t is recommended that treatment model of TB patient's compliance is used as a method to promote and prevent contageous disease especially TB . Health provider has roles to patient education and empower community partipation by facilitating the establishment of self-help group of TB pat i ents. During the activities of the self-help group, TB patients will share their knowledge and experiences thus can improve the motivation, self efficacy, awareness of sign and symptoms of TB disease and decrease the perceived barries to action . Keyworsd : Compliance, Tuberculosis, Self Help Group


An optimization problem on a combinatorial set of partial permutations with additional constraints is formulated in the paper. An algorithm for solving this type of problem is considered, which consists of four steps. The algorithm lies in constructing a graph of a set of partial permutations to find the optimal solution. An example of a practical implementation of the presented algorithm is given.


This paper introduced an automation transformation of industrial fluorination reactor with HF gas.The process of heating,temperature constant,cooling and product discharge was automatically controlled by computer.The processing data's recording was realized to provide technical support for production.


The notion of the school and university partnership in teacher education has a long and sometimes contested history, particularly in relation to the best way to structure and deliver professional experience. The 'HUB' is an Australian State-based initiative designed to bring together universities and schools in order to facilitate increased levels of professional collaboration through partnered approaches. This paper investigates one such partnership which aimed to reorient the role of the classroom teacher from siloed, school-based supervisors to pre-placement facilitators in partnership with university academics. The goal of this partnership was to provide a range of authentic experiences linking theory to practice. Adopting a qualitative research paradigm this case study explores the perceived efficacy and impact of this partnered academic/practitioner approach. Findings show increased levels of confidence, professional awareness and contextual understanding within the student participants engaged with the program.


This paper investigates simultaneous estimations of states, system fault, and sensor fault for a class of Markovian jump systems, resorting to the design of a robust observer, in which both the external disturbance and actuator degradation are taken into consideration. The loss‐of‐effectiveness, stuck, and outage fault cases are involved, and the considered Markovian jump system is assumed to possess generally uncertain transition rates, which can generalize the traditional bounded uncertain transition rates and partially unknown transition rates. In particular, an augmented system whose states cover the original states, system fault, and sensor fault is constructed. Then, a novel adaptive observer is presented with time‐varying gain matrices and parameter accommodation being injected to deal with the disturbance and actuator degradation. Finally, a practical example is shown to demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed method as well as its advantages over some existing results.


.............................................................................................................................. v List of Illustrations .............................................................................................................. xi List of Tables ......................................................................................................................xii Chapter 1 Synthesis of cytogenetic data in Insecta. ........................................................... 1 Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 1..........................................................................................................................


Objective: To evaluate the immune-stimulatory potential of extracts of Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold (BK) on specific cellular and humoral immune responses in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice. Material and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were immunized intraperitoneally with OVA/alum (100 ㎍/200 ㎍) on days 1, 8, and 15. BK (100, 300 or 1000 ㎎/㎏) was given to mice orally for 21 days (from day 1 to day 21). At day 22, OVA-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and OVA-specific and total antibodies were measured in plasma. Further, the effects of BK on expression of cytokine mRNA in OVA-immunized mice splenocytes were evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. Results: BK significantly enhanced OVA-, LPS-, and Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation in OVA-immunized mice (p<0.01). BK also significantly enhanced total IgM and OVA-specific IgG1 levels in plasma compared with the OVA control group. Moreover, BK up-regulated significantly the expression of mRNA level of IL-2 and IFN-γ in splenocytes. Conclusions: BK has immune-stimulating activity in an OVA-immunized mouse model system, enhancing the Th1 immune response. BK showed no cytotoxicity in this system, suggesting that BK may be a safe and effective adjuvant in humans.


A real-time communication system consisting of a first-order Markov source, a real-time encoder, a discrete memoryless channel, and a real-time decoder is considered. The quality of reconstruction is determined by a distortion function between the current source output and its reconstruction at the decoder. The distortion function does not accept delays. The objective is to choose encoding and decoding strategies to minimize the total expected distortion over a finite horizon. The problem is modelled as a decentralized stochastic control problem. A two step solution methodology is developed which provides a sequential decomposition of the problem and reduces exponentially the complexity to search for an optimal solution. The key step of our methodology is identifying information state sufficient for performance evaluation. The methodology can be extended to real-time communication problems with noisy feedback, feedback control problems with a noisy channel in the feedback loop, and decentralized diagnosis in logical discrete event systems.


Prenatal screening for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) based on the analysis of biochemical markers in maternal serum during the second trimester of pregnancy is becoming an established part of obstetric practice (1)(2). Several markers have been investigated in the second trimester, and of these, a combination of α-fetoprotein and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been shown in retrospective (3) and prospective studies (4)(5) to achieve detection rates of 65–75% (with a 5% false-positive rate) in routine practice. Similarly, combinations including α-fetoprotein, total hCG, and unconjugated estriol have been shown in prospective studies to perform almost as well, with detection rates on average of 65% (6).

Recent developments in this area of prenatal screening have focused on three specific areas. The first area is that of refinements to the risk algorithm, leading to improved detection efficiency by taking into account a variety of factors that influence the analyte concentrations, for example, multiple pregnancies (7), maternal weight (8)(9)(10), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (11)(12), gravidity (13), ethnicity (9), previous pregnancy results (14)(15), and smoking (16). Correction for these factors seeks to reduce the between-patient variance, leading to reductions in the false-positive rate. The second area involves the investigation of possible new markers of trisomy 21, such as dimeric inhibin A, which has been reported to add anything from 3% (17) to 22% (18) to the detection rate using existing double or triple marker approaches. In addition, beta core in urine (19) and free β-hCG in urine (20) have both been proposed as possible markers of trisomy 21. Neither the urine approach nor the addition of dimeric inhibin A have yet been shown conclusively to be better than existing procedures, and indeed their use is still somewhat controversial. The third area …


Japanese researchers dissecting the first bits of asteroid returned to Earth by a spacecraft have nailed the source of Earth's most common meteorites. The blast of the solar wind and perhaps other "space weathering" processes, it turns out, altered the spectral color of the most common type of asteroids in the inner asteroid belt—the "S types"—and masked their true nature. They report those and additional analyses in detail in this week's issue of Science (pp. [1113][1]-1130).

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1113.summary


Ordinary and partial differential equations of fractional order have been the focus of many studies due to their frequent appearance in various applications in fluid mechanics, viscoelasticity, biology, physics and engineering. Consequently, considerable attention has been given to the solutions of fractional ordinary differential equations, integral equations and fractional partial differential equations of physical interest. Most nonlinear fractional differential equations do not have exact analytic solutions, so approximation and numerical techniques must be used. The equation for unsteady boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian fluids past semi-infinite plate is solved numerically. The graphical presentation is also given.


Describes an investigation carried out to compare the performance of motion estimation algorithms based on phase correlation, and on differential techniques. A method of comparison that has been devised is described, and results obtained are given.


The present invention discloses a press-through package and the method of extraction agent in the package from which a plurality of receiving portions of a base sheet (1), (2), are accommodated solid dosage eleven (M ), accommodating portion (2) is covered by a membrane (3) adhered to the base sheet (1) and the back side of the seal, but the whole is bent into a tubular shape by a retaining means of the two base sheet side edge portions (1a, 1b) to be fixed stop, thereby to remove the agent is not easy, and wrongly tubular form extrudate aspect pack body, by hand to take. The present invention provides an agent like article press-through package, which can be reliably prevented by taking the unopened package and swallowed together with oral intake, agents scattered by the unsealing easy and less prone to, the package need not accommodated the subsidiary parts with storage containers class, can reduce the product cost.


Purpose: To improve lipid composition determination by localized protonmagnetic resonancespectroscopy (MRS) at 9.4 T by minimizing J‐coupling modulations of the 2.1 ppm, 2.3 ppm, and 2.8 ppm lipid peaks. Methods: Experiments were conducted on corn oil and sesame oil phantoms at 9.4 T. A regular PRESS (Point RESolved Spectroscopy)sequence was used to obtain spectra from the oils with echo times (TEs) of 20, 30, 40, 50, 80, 120, 180, and 240 ms. A modified PRESS sequence designed to minimize signal losses due to J‐coupling was also utilized to acquire spectra of the 2.1 ppm, 2.3 ppm, and 2.8 ppm resonances of the oils with TEs of 40, 50, 80, 120, 180 and 240 ms. The areas of the three lipid resonances obtained by both sequences were plotted as a function of echo time and the resulting curves were fitted to the function Moexp(−TE/T2), where Mo is proportional to the proton concentration of the target resonance. Oil compositions (% linoleic acid, % oleic acid, and % saturated fatty acids) were determined from extrapolated Mo values for the three resonances and from equations established in the literature. Results: The responses of the three proton groups to a regular PRESS sequence were modulated due to J‐coupling interactions. However, the responses to the modified PRESS sequence fit well to monoexponentially decaying functions. Oil compositions determined with the PRESS sequence designed to minimize J‐coupling effects agreed with results reported in the literature unlike those calculated from spectra acquired with the regular PRESS sequence. Conclusions: Lipid compositions determined by localized proton MRS can contain significant errors (as high as 49 %), even if they are determined from short‐ TE PRESS spectra corrected for T2 relaxation, if the influence of J‐coupling is not considered.


The paper presents an algorithm for the automatic segmentation of point clouds from low cost sensors for object interpretation in indoor environments. This algorithm is considering the possible noisy character of the 3D point clouds and is using an iterative RANSAC approach for the segmentation task. For evaluating the robustness, it is applied on two indoor datasets, acquired with the Google Tango tablet and with the NavVis M3 trolley. The realized evaluation reveals the potential of the two systems for delivering data suitable for automatically interpreting indoor structures.


Accurate prediction of segmental duration from text in a text-to-speech system is difficult for several reasons. One which is especially relevant is the great quantity of contextual factors that affect timing and it is difficult to find the right way to model them. There are many parameters that affect duration, but not all of them are always relevant and some can even be counterproductive because of the possibility of overtraining.The main motivation of this paper has been to reduce the error in the duration estimation.To this end, it is of the utmost importance to find the factors that most influence duration in a given language. The approach we have taken is to use a neural network, which is completely configurable, and experiment with the different combinations of parameters that yield the minimum error in the estimation.We have oriented our work mainly towards the following aspects: the most significant parameters that can be used as input to the automatic model, and the best way to code these parameters. We have studied first the effect of each parameter alone and, after that, we have included all parameters together to have our final system.Another important aspect of this study is the generation of a suite of software tools and design protocols that will be used in future tasks with different speakers and databases. The applications for automatic modelling are obvious: adapt the prosody to a new speaker, to a new environment, to "restricted-domain" sentences, etc., in a fast, semi-automatic and inexpensive way. After the database labelling, it is a matter of minutes to prepare the inputs to the network for the new situation, and the network is trained in 1 h.The result has been a system that predicts duration with very good results (19 ms in RMS) and that clearly improves our previous rule-based system.


In hot-dip galvanizing plants to carry out new product of steel with zinc coating for corrosion protection, but and five type of byproducts are formed: zinc dross, zinc ash, zinc fumes, spent solutions and waste waters. The sludge's as byproducts to begin after treatments of waste water and spent solutions. All presented byproducts belongs to wastes and mainly to hazardous wastes. The management of this type waste are a complicated and delicates work. The regeneration and recycling of presented waste are desirable. In this work are presented development trend of recovery technology metal from hazardous waste. .


BACKGROUND
Cancer is not just one disease; it is a group of diseases either genetic or metabolic due to the malfunction of mitochondria. Thus metabolic pathways are reprogrammed to satisfy tumor cell proliferation and survival requirements.

METHODS
We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature dealing with these metabolic pathways.

RESULTS
It was found that cancer cells prefer fermentation as a source of energy even in the presence of oxygen, this altered metabolism of cancer cells may confer a selective advantage for survival and proliferation according to Warburg effect. Furthermore, some molecules like HIF, PKM2, NADPH and others are essential to the survival of cancer cells into the hypoxic abnormal environment which has limited glucose sources.

CONCLUSION
As cancer cells use glucose for aerobic glycolysis as a preferred substrate for energy yielding metabolism, we discuss in this review the Warburg effect and a strategy of starving cancer from glucose to prevent cancer cell survival and induce apoptosis in various types of cancer which could be the key to future treatment.


A quantitative approach is developed for modeling and analyzing objectively the perceptual performance of computer-communication networks and computer systems that involve real-time human interaction and communication with real-time streamed signals such as audio, speech, or video. The proposed 'perceptual analysis' method is based on augmenting traditional system performance models with the incorporation of ITU-T recommended objective perceptual quality assessment methods such as PEAQ (perceived audio quality) or PESQ (perceptual evaluation of speech quality). The approach provides an avenue for including the quantitative evaluation of perceptual quality measures, such as MOS (mean opinion score), in system performance modeling. The analysis of a voice-over-IP network access link model with G.711 and G.729 multiplexed calls is presented to demonstrate a perceptual teletraffic engineering application.


We derive a point-wise estimate for a map $u: \Omega \subset R^n \rightarrow R^m$ that minimizes $J_A(v): \int_A \frac{1}{2}|\nabla v|^2+U(v)$ subjected to the Dirichlet condition $v=u$ on $\partial\Omega$ for every open smooth and bounded set $A \subset \Omega$. We discuss some consequences of this basic estimate.


Pancreatic β-cells secrete insulin, the hormone that controls glucose homeostasis in vertebrates. When activated by glucose, β-cells display a biphasic electrical response. An initial phase, in which the cell fires action potentials continuously, is followed by a phase with a characteristic firing pattern, known as electrical bursting, that consists on brief pulses of action potentials separated by intervals of rest. Electrical bursting is believed to mediate the pulsatile secretion of insulin. The electrical response of β-cells has been extensively studied at experimental and theoretical level. However, there is still no consensus on the cellular mechanisms that underlie each of the phases of the response. In this paper, I propose the hypothesis that the pattern of the plasma membrane (PM) response of stimulated β-cells is generated by the electrical activity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. In this hypothesis, the interaction of the two excitable membranes, PM and ER membrane, each operating at a different time scale, generates both, the initial continuous phase and the periodic bursting phase. A mathematical model based on the hypothesis is presented. The behavior of the model β-cell replicates the main features of the physiological response of pancreatic β-cells to nutrients and to neuro-endocrine regulatory factors. The model cell displays a biphasic response to the simulated elevation of glucose. It generates electrical bursting with frequencies comparable to those observed in live cells. The simulation of the action of regulatory factors mimics the actual effect of the factors on the frequency of bursting. Finally, the model shows that a cell with a defective ER response behaves like a dysfunctional β-cell from individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a result that suggests that the electrical malfunction of the ER membrane may represent one of the primary causes of type 2 diabetes. Dynamic analysis of the ER behavior has revealed that, depending on the transport rates of Ca2+ in and out of the ER, the system has three possible dynamic states. They consist on the hyperpolarization of the ER membrane, periodic oscillations of the electric potential across the membrane, and the depolarization of the membrane. Each of these states determines a different functional program in the cell. The hyperpolarized state maintains the cell at rest, in a non-secreting state. Periodic oscillations of the ER membrane cause electrical bursting in the PM and the consequent pulsatile secretion of insulin. Finally, the depolarized state causes continuous firing and an acute secretory activity, the hyperactive conditions of the initial phase of the β-cell response to glucose. The dynamic states of the ER are also associated with different long-term effects. So, conditions that induce the hyperactive depolarized state in β-cells also potentiate apoptosis. The induction of the oscillatory state by glucose and neuro-endocrine factors seems to activate also cell proliferation. In extreme conditions though, such as the chronic treatment of T2DM with incretin analogs, the activation of the oscillatory state may lead to the appearance of cancer. The mathematical model presented here is an illustration of how, even in a extremely simplified system, the nonlinearity or excitability of the ER membrane can produce a repertoire of dynamic states that are able to generate a complex response comparable to the response observed experimentally in pancreatic β-cells. In actual cells, with a much higher number of parameters susceptible to be modified by environmental and genetic factors, the ER membrane is likely to have a significantly bigger set of dynamic states each capable to direct the cell in a particular functional or developmental direction. The potential role of the electrical activity of the ER membrane in cellular processes such as fertilization, cell proliferation and differentiation, and cell death, as well as in the development of diverse pathological conditions is analyzed in the discussion.


In transgenic pig production for generating animal models of human diseases, apoptosis of early implantation embryo disturbs the transgenic pig production. In general, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered important in embryo development and apoptosis. In addition, it was reported that 17β-oestradiol (E2), among hormones that participate in early implantation of embryo, could induce EMT and neural differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of the steroid hormone, E2, in the changes of EMT and apoptotic markers in porcine embryonic stem cells (pESC) and porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSC). During the study, we cultured pESC and piPSC in pESC media containing basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and performed RT-PCR and an alkaline phophatase (AP) test to measure pluripotent and undifferentiation markers of these porcine stem cells. The RT-PCR results showed that OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 were expressed in these pESC and piPSC, indicating their pluripotency as stem cells. Also, these porcine stem cells showed positive AP activity, demonstrating undifferentiation. Additionally, we treated pESC and piPSC with E2 to examine effects of steroid hormone on the changes of EMT and apoptotic markers (i.e. bcl-2, bax, E-cad, and vimentin). The E2 treatment increased the expression of vimentin and bcl-2, while decreased the expression of E-cadherin and bax. By using immunocytochemistry (ICC), we examined the protein expression of EMT markers, which are vimentin and E-cadherin at the translational level, and found that expression of vimentin protein was increased while E-cadherin protein level was reduced at periphery of the colonies in pESC and piPSC. In conclusion, these results indicate that E2 can promote EMT process and reverse apoptosis in these pESC and iPSC. In a future study, we will further examine the effects of progesterone on the expressions of EMT and apoptotic markers in pESC and piPSC. Consequently, this study will contribute to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of EMT and apoptosis controlled by steroid hormones in porcine stem cells.


Emer O'Neil describes the development of the Reading Mental Health Resource Centre ‐ a collaboration between mental health service users and a range of local agencies who do not work primarily in the mental health field. Modernising day services in a way that puts enabling the recovery process at the centre of service delivery is the biggest challenge facing mental health services today. The story of MHRC will offer ideas and inspiration for all who are embarking on this exciting but daunting journey.


As mild steels are the most widely used structure materials,it is no doubt that the study on their atmospheric corrosion mechanism is of great significance.Traditional study on atmospheric corrosion of mild steels emphasized more on on-site experiments and data collection and physical analysis.Relatively,application of electrochemical researching methods has not been frequently used in this field.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) method has been highly valued by electrochemists due to its multiple advantages.However,it has been less used in study of corrosion process of mild steels after the rust has been generated.As a matter of fact,during the service life of mild steel in atmospheric environments,the rust period is much longer than naked steel period due to the low corrosion resistance of these steels.Therefore,it is more meaningful to study the corrosion behavior of steels with rusts both for development of new weathering steels and for the prediction of the service life of weathering steels.In this work,the corrosion behavior of mild steel Q235 under simulated industrial atmospheric corrosive condition was monitored and studied by EIS method,with a focus on the evolution of cathode reactions.The result showed that there existed a critical condition of electrolyte film for corrosion rate of mild steel Q235both for the substrate and rusted surface during wet-dry cycles.Comparison and analysis showed that,two parallel reactions,the reduction of oxygen and the reduction of rust,existed at the cathode during the corrosion process.With the increase of the wet-dry cycles,the activity of oxygen reduction tended to decrease,and almost disappeared in the end;while the activity of rust deduction tended to increase and became the main cathode reaction in a short period.In each wet-dry cycle,the corrosion rate first increased then decreased with the decrease of the electrolyte layer thickness,which was caused by the two synchronous and opposite effects on the corrosion reactions.


After a few months it emerged in Wuhan (China), Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Diagnosis of the disease is mainly based on real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by nasopharyngeal swab. However, due to excess of numbers of false-negative PCR test results, chest computed tomography (CT) is commonly used as a supplementary modality. However, CT has some disadvantages. Firstly, a normal chest CT scan does not exclude the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Additionally, the radiation exposure and a weak diagnostic value are other challenges. When the infection is limited to upper respiratory system or performed in the early stage, false-negative results may be obtained on CT scan. Recently lung ultrasonography (LUS) has emerged as a easy-to-use, costeffective and radiation-free tool in diagnosis, management and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia. In this narrative review, our aim is to clarify the utility of LUS in COVID-19 pneumonia with its advantages and disadvantages. We also aimed to guide clinicians to use LUS as a practical tool.


Magnetoencephalography was recorded during a matching‐to‐sample plus cueing paradigm, in which participants judged the occurrence of changes in either categorical (CAT) or coordinate (COO) spatial relations. Previously, parietal and frontal lobes were identified as key areas in processing spatial relations and it was shown that each hemisphere was differently involved and modulated by the scope of the attention window (e.g. a large and small cue). In this study, Granger analysis highlighted the patterns of causality among involved brain areas – the direction of information transfer ran from the frontal to the visual cortex in the right hemisphere, whereas it ran in the opposite direction in the left side. Thus, the right frontal area seems to exert top‐down influence, supporting the idea that, in this task, top‐down signals are selectively related to the right side. Additionally, for CAT change preceded by a small cue, the right frontal gyrus was not involved in the information transfer, indicating a selective specialization of the left hemisphere for this condition. The present findings strengthen the conclusion of the presence of a remarkable hemispheric specialization for spatial relation processing and illustrate the complex interactions between the lateralized parts of the neural network. Moreover, they illustrate how focusing attention over large or small regions of the visual field engages these lateralized networks differently, particularly in the frontal regions of each hemisphere, consistent with the theory that spatial relation judgements require a fronto‐parietal network in the left hemisphere for categorical relations and on the right hemisphere for coordinate spatial processing.


To make an electrically pumped photonic crystal membrane laser is a challenging task. One of the problems is how to avoid short circuiting between the p- and n-doped parts of the laser diode, when the membrane thickness is limited to 200–300nm. We propose to use the oxide of AlInAs to realize a current blocking function. In this way, based on submicron selective area re-growth, we aim for electrically injected photonic crystal lasers with high output power, small threshold currents and low power consumption. Here results are presented on the oxidation of AlInAs. The results show that it is feasible to use the oxide of AlInAs for current blocking in an InP-based membrane photonic crystal laser.


In Passive Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), energy is lost in a sensor node during the data transmission. In order to avoid the energy loss due to data transmission, a data prediction technique is implemented. In this paper, we present a new multi-point data prediction technique, in which the prediction algorithm is initially implemented at both member nodes and cluster heads. The algorithm is updated to cluster head by member nodes by tracking temporal correlation of data. Neuro-Fuzzy model is used as a predictor in both member nodes and cluster heads. The simulation is performed using MATLAB and the overall energy in nodes seems to increase. The mean square error (MSE) value is reduced to greater extend.


The invention provides a multifunctional frying and baking machine, comprising a shell, a top cover covering the top of the shell, a cavity located inside the shell, a heating assembly arranged inside the cavity and a control board assembly arranged on the shell. The multifunctional frying and baking machine is characterized in that an oven accessory and an oil fryer accessory are detachably mounted inside the cavity. The multifunctional frying and baking machine provided by the invention mainly combines main chicken household appliances, such as an electric oven and an oil fryer, so that a space inside the shell is sufficiently used; the multifunctional frying and baking machine is designed as a multifunctional kitchen electric device product integrating the electric oven, the oil fryer, a barbecue machine and a simmer machine; and the single purpose of the oil fryer and the electric oven can be changed, so that the multiple functions in one machine can be actually realized. The multifunctional frying and baking machine is applicable to selecting different foods by family members, so that the using cost can be greatly saved; the storage space is saved; and the convenience in cleaning is realized.


Photography is becoming popular with the introduction of digital cameras. However, a courseware which teaches digital photography is hard to come by, moreover, one that is offered in Malay language. The Digital Photography Interactive Multimedia (DPIM) courseware intends to fill this void. DPIM was developed using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) methodology. Its learning model is based on Experiential Learning by Carl Rogers. The main engine of DPIM is Macromedia Flash MX v8.0. DPIM consist of five main modules which are the Digital Camera, Basic Techniques, Advanced Techniques, Tests and Help


The differences in luminescence properties between the chiral resolved and racemic compounds of some 9-anthroates have been exploited for the determination of the enantiomeric excess in these esters.


Unit 1 Cultural relics1. A cultural relic is something that has survived for a long time, often a part of something old


The source and quality of citric acid-production wastewater are reviewed.Several wastewater treatment technologies of citric acid are presented,such as anaerobic biological process,aerobic biological process,photosynthetic bacteria process,emulsion liquid membrane process and comprehensive treatment process.The new technology for treating the wastewater and the neutralized wastewater reuse are introduced.In addition,their principles,technique development,advantages and application are described.The technologies of recycling waste residue from citric acid production are presented.Some value productions are made of waste residue,such as feedstuff,active carbon,gypsum and so on.


The growth mechanisms for the deposition of hydrocarbon films (C:H-films) from a methane electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma are investigated by means of in-situ ellipsometry. Ion bombardment during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbon films mainly governs the properties of the films and the total growth rate. the role of ions for the growth rate and the film properties is discussed in this paper. Films were deposited with varying RF-bias, resulting in a DC self-bias ranging from floating potential up to 100 V. the ion-induced modification of the film properties was investigated by a new technique using a double layer consisting of a polymer-like film with low optical absorption and a hard carbon film with high absorption on top. the interface between these layers was analysed after deposition by a layer-by-layer etching in an oxygen plasma at floating potential. From these data it is possible to determine with high accuracy the range of the ion-induced modification of the optical properties in the underlying polymer-like film. the thickness of this modified layer ranges from 6 A at 30 V self-bias to 40 A at 100 V self-bias, which is consistent with the range of hydrogen ions in polymerlike films as calculated by the computer code TRIM.SP. Based on the presented results, the growth of C:H-films and the resulting film properties can be modelled by the growth at activated sites at the film surface. these activated sites are represented by dangling bonds, induced by the ion bombardment. they also show up in the ellipsometric results during the deposition of C:H-films by a change of the optical response of the film surface.


An overview of a relativistic WKB method for bound states [K. Kosaka and K. Yonei, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 60 (1991) 850, 4081] is given. As an application, one‐electron states of highly ionized Au atoms are calculated using the effective potential determined by the relativistic and the nonrelativistic TFDW model proposed by Tomishima [Progr. Theor. Phys. 42 (1969) 437] and by Yonei and Tomishima [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 20 (1965) 1051], respectively.


This master's thesis made the cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Integrated Measure of Decisional Independence for Adolescents. It is based on the precepts of SelfDetermination Theory and consists of three subscales that assess the dependent and independent decision-making. The validation study included a sample of 672 adolescents (52.7 % female) , 11-20 years ( M = 15.6 , SD = 1.6), attending public schools in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Factorial analyses indicated a two-factor solution for the three subscales: Who decides, independent and dependent decision-making. The results pointed out for good psychometric properties and evidence of validity and reliability, being a useful tool to evaluate the decision-making independence regarding motivation for decision-making.


Abstract The essential oil of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl (Lamiaceae) was isolated by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of the plant and the oil was obtained with 0.25% yield,which was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/ MS. Studies of essential oil revealed germacrene-D (13.2%), β-phellandrene (12.7%) β-pinene (10.2%), myrcene (9.4%), α-pinene (8.4%) and (Z)-β-ocimene (5.8%), as the major constitutents.


A magnetosonic pump wave propagating in a plasma with two ion species decays into two electrostatic ion‐cyclotron modes at a threshold significantly less than those needed to excite parametric or modified two‐stream instabilities in a single‐species plasma when Te/Ti > 1. The pump wave frequency must somewhat exceed the sum of the ion gyrofrequencies.


Speech Science and Speech Correction are the most recent developments in the speech field, even though Demosthenes rolled his pebbles long ago. The development of Speech Correction in the West has been witnessed by and much of it influenced by a recent president of the Western Speech Association, Mrs. Mabel Farrington Gifford. Mrs. Gifford was asked to begin the reports on Speech Correction. It is hoped many other workers in the field will add significant information on the developments that have been and are taking place.


Objective To study the effection of heterologous prime-boost strategies in prevention and treatment of human papillomavirus(HPV) associated tumors. Methods To observe the prime-boost strategy effectiveness using recombinant HPV16 L2E7 fusion protein with the CpG adjuvant and a recombinant vaccinia-based vaccine expressing HPV16 E6 and E7 in a prophylactic and therapeutic mouse model. The cell-mediated immunity induced by different kinds of prime-boost strategies was assessed by HPV16 E749-57 peptide-specific, IFN-γenzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay. Results When priming with the recombinant HPV16 L2E7 fusion protein/adjuvant followed by boosting with the recombinant vaccinia-based vaccine, we found that this kind of immunization strategy protected CS7BL/6 mice against the challenge of HPV16-positive tumor cells both in prophylactic and in therapeutic settings. The strongest E749-57 peptide-specific, IFN-γsecreting effector T cell response can be generated by this kind of prime-boost strategy. We also found that cytotoxic T lymphocyte induced by this kind immunization can recognize and kill the target cells. Conclusion The heterologous prime-boost regimen is highly effective in terms of prophylactic and therapeutic approaches.


ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH-ORDER COMPACT FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEMES Jonathan Tyler Department of Mathematics Master of Science The derivation of centered compact schemes at interior and boundary grid points is performed and an analysis of stability and computational efficiency is given. Compact schemes are high order implicit methods for numerical solutions of initial and/or boundary value problems modeled by differential equations. These schemes generally require smaller stencils than the traditional explicit finite difference counterparts. To avoid numerical instabilities at and near boundaries and in regions of mesh non-uniformity, a numerical filtering technique is employed. Experiments for non-stationary linear problems (convection, heat conduction) and also for nonlinear problems (Burgers' and KdV equations) were performed. The compact solvers were combined with Euler and fourth-order Runge-Kutta time differencing. In most cases, the order of convergence of the numerical solution to the exact solution was the same as the formal order of accuracy of the compact schemes employed.


ABSTRACT We study the propagation of ultrashort pulses of width around sub-10 femtosecond in an inhomogeneous highly nonlinear single-mode fibre within the framework of a generalized higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with derivative non-Kerr nonlinear terms and spatially inhomogeneous coefficients. Additional effects to the cubic model include the distributed third-order dispersion, self-steepening, self-frequency shift due to stimulated Raman scattering, quintic nonKerr nonlinearity, derivative non-Kerr nonlinear terms, and gain or loss. The exact self-similar brightand dark-solitary-wave solutions of the governing equation are derived via a transformation connected with the constant-coefficient higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with non-Kerr nonlinearity. The constraint relations among the optical fibre parameters for the existence of these self-similar structures are also discussed. Based on these exact solutions, we investigate the dynamical behaviours of self-similar localized pulses in a periodic distributed fibre system for different parameters.


The main aim of the Interactive Best Evidence Synthesis (BES) Program is to see the evidence used in ways that support educational leaders to make a bigger difference in improving valued educational outcomes for all children. The outstanding aspects of the program that make it special and deserving of an award are highlighted.


Deep learning based methods have achieved impressive results in many applications for image-based diet assessment such as food classification and food portion size estimation. However, existing methods only focus on one task at a time, making it difficult to apply in real life when multiple tasks need to be processed together. In this work, we propose an end-to-end multi-task framework that can achieve both food classification and food portion size estimation. We introduce a food image dataset collected from a nutrition study where the groundtruth food portion is provided by registered dietitians. The multi-task learning uses L2-norm based soft parameter sharing to train the classification and regression tasks simultaneously. We also propose the use of cross-domain feature adaptation together with normalization to further improve the performance of food portion size estimation. Our results outperforms the baseline methods for both classification accuracy and mean absolute error for portion estimation, which shows great potential for advancing the field of image-based dietary assessment.


This letter proposes a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with built-in sensors concept for millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications. The proposed method utilizes a unit cell structure, transmitting a portion of the received electromagnetic wave through the via connecting the top metal patch and the bottom ground. The Rotman lens and power detector then convert the radio frequency (RF) phase information from the unit cells into dc data, eliminating the need for expensive RF chains. Afterward, based on a feedback loop, a microcontroller unit (MCU) reads the dc data to estimate the transmitter (TX) position and applies predetermined bias voltages from a code book to the varactor diodes mounted on the top layer of the 10 × 10 unit cells. This process enables the RIS to steer the reflected beam toward the user equipment (UE) according to the TX position. The RIS beamforming functionality is validated through error vector magnitude (EVM) measurements with a commercial mmWave cellphone. An algorithm integrated into the MCU automates these processes, providing a cost-effective and simple RIS structure.


The Northern Himalayas are an exceptionally unique and diverse mountain range with respect to flora, fauna and funga. However, most of the region has been poorly explored. During a mycological survey, a rare endophyte was isolated from healthy leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia . The species was identified as Nigrograna hydei based on cultural, micro-morphological, and molecular characters. The specimen was recovered as a sterile mycelium and despite trying various sporulation-induc-ing methods, the isolate failed to sporulate. Therefore, molecular characterisation based on the sequences of both the ITS and LSU region of nuclear ribosomal DNA followed by phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identity of the taxon. So far, this species has only been reported from Thailand and China. This finding adds another record to the world distribution of the species and is the first report from the Indian subcontinent. It also expands our knowledge on its ecology through its association as an endophyte with a new host, Elaeagnus , inhabiting a cold desert in Ladakh.


Three groups of rural economists, 300. — Dominance of the first group, emphasizing farm management, 301. — Its position unsound in principle, 302. — Difficulties of combining the individual with the social point of view, 303. — Multiplicity of subjects treated, 304. — Doubtful whether rural economics can be separated from general economics, 308.


We describe the applications of first-principles calculations to the analysis of transport and magnetic properties of rare-earth materials. The first application is a detailed calculation of the spin-disorder resistivity of heavy rare-earth metals in the Gd-Tm series. The crystallographic anisotropy of the spin-disorder resistivity agrees well with experiment, but its magnitude is significantly underestimated. Possible origins of this discrepancy are discussed. In the second part we analyze the exchange interaction in Gd-doped EuO using a magnetostructural cluster expansion based on the ab initio total energies. The calculated Curie temperature has a broad maximum extending over 10-20% Gd concentration and reaching approximately 150 K.


This paper introduces a design of frequency synthesizer based on the combination of multi VCO. The combination of multiple VCO can output a wide frequency range of the signal, VCO signal after the decimal frequency divider, and reference signal phase, control VCO error signal obtained, locked. A combination of multiple VCO can improve the phase noise of the output signals, but will bring the loop bandwidth is not consistent, power and other aspects of the problem, through the control of the VCO power supply and variable bandwidth loop filter design, a good solution to the problem. The frequency synthesizer has been successfully applied to portable spectrum analyzer.


Language, by which people communicate with each other,is the carrier and container of culture. Cultural discrepancis are the principal obstacles to translation. If the circumstances which langage exists in,including its object and permancy,are despised or negleted,at all events a goodand successful translation can't be acquired. And therefore only if language and its translation are dicussed through culture can a translator elininate the obstacle and attain to the purpose of colluding with each other.


The Field of Coherent Diffractive Imaging (CDI), where an image of an object is reconstructed from measurements of its diffractive properties, is currently enjoying a burst of interest amongst researchers thanks to its immediate applicability to important areas, such as X-ray and Electron Microscopy, and the availability of increasingly powerful computing resources. Recently, several particularly robust iterative algorithms have been developed that combine multiple far-field diffraction patterns to form an image of a sample and which exhibit improved robustness and convergence speed over single diffraction pattern methods.


3D Simulation of 2-Stroke and 4-Stroke Engine is the Final Year Project
(FYP) for Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM). This project is developed mainly for students
and teachers in Sekolah Menengah Teknik in Malaysia. This project is mainly on
how to differentiate between 2-stroke engine and 4-stroke engine. This project will
be simulate the view of the engines, components involved inside the engines and how
both 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine works. This documentation will explain the
process of the development of the project. Currently, students and teachers are using
paper-based materials such as books and hand-outs as their references or manual in
learning. It wi11 be dangerous to deal with dangerous machineries especially for
beginners. That is why this project is developed. This project is an animation of 30
effects where there are no more still images which are used in the textbooks and
hand-outs. The project will help teachers and students in the learning process. They
will no more have to deal with dangerous machineries before they know and learn
about the machines. This animation will explain in details on the 2-stroke and 4-
stroke engine. The explanations' covers the overview of each engine, the main
components in each engine and also the work for each engine. This will help students
to understand and attract them in learning method. This project will cover one of the
topics provided for the Automotive students in their learning process. There will be
an animation, sound effects, and music's in this product to attract students' attention.
This project will be very useful product to be used in every Sekolah Menengah
Teknik all over Malaysia as a new learning method to attract students' interest to the
subject and to provide better understanding for them.


Existing methods for synchrophasor data analysis focus on oscillations that can be interpreted as a sum of sinusoids with or without damping, however, they are more difficult to apply when considering other types of waveforms. This paper investigates how to apply spectral estimation analysis methods when analyzing a periodic voltage sag whose waveform is comparable to a periodic pulse train. A methodology is proposed where the estimated power spectral density and spectrograms are used to detect the area impacted by a periodic sag and to identify its dominant propagation path, which helps with the localization of the disturbance's spread. The proposed methodology is applied to measurement data obtained from a region in Dominion Energy's service territory that is geographically bounded by other utilities, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method in a real-world utility setting.


Objective Researching university students′ basic character of brain function.Methods Select at random 165 students of Zhongkai College to make general EEG examination by BS-PC2020-type digitalized instruments of electroencephalography (EEG) and software,observe frequency,amplitude,adjustability,modulation,occurrence frequency and activity circs of each wave,analyse by synthesizing the results of eye open-closure test and hyperventilation test.Results Average wave frequency was α-wave 9~11 Hz,β-wave 13~30 Hz,θ-wave 4~7 Hz;average amplitude of each wave was:α-wave 17~62 μV,β-wave 11~22 μV,θ-wave 11~22 μV.The students who had bilaterally symmetrical amplitude and frequency accounted for 96.4%;the students whose α-wave was completely inhibited in eye open-closure test accounted for 79.4%;those were normal in hyperventilation test accounted for 92.7%;those who had no seizure waves accounted for 99.0%;Comprehensive evaluation:the students whose EEG was normal accounted for 89.1%,circumscribed character accounted for 7.3%,and abnormality accounted for 3.6%.Conclusion The brain function of university students has its own basic character.


Background:
 D-dimer is one of common measurable coagulation markers, that is associated with the risk of thrombotic events in vascular diseases. However, the impact of D-dimer on long-term mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients remains unclear. Here we investigated the association between D-dimer and long-term mortality in CAD patients.

 Methods and Results:
 Consecutive 1440 patients with CAD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and survived to discharge were enrolled. We divided these patients into three groups based on plasma D-dimer levels at admission: first (D-dimer < 0.7 μg/ml, n = 455), second (0.7 ≤ D-dimer < 1.2, n = 453), and third (1.2 ≤ D-dimer, n = 532) tertiles. We compared clinical characteristics among three groups, and prospectively followed all-cause, cardiac, non-cardiac and cancer mortalities. Clinical characteristics for three groups were as follows; mean age (first tertile, second tertile, third tertile; 61.3 ± 11.3, 69.0 ± 10.8, 72.4 ± 10.8 years, P < 0.001), prevalence of chronic kidney disease (31.6%, 36.0%, 61.3%, P < 0.001), anemia (25.1%, 39.7%, 64.5%, P < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (10.8%, 14.1%, 19.7%, P < 0.001), peripheral artery disease (4.8%, 12.4%, 18.8%, P < 0.001) and heart failure (27.0%, 33.1%, 51.9%, P < 0.001). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis (mean follow-up periods 1572 days), all-cause, cardiac, non-cardiac and cancer mortalities were significantly higher in third tertile than others (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses after adjusting for confounding factors, the high D-dimer level was an independent predictor of all-cause, cardiac, non-cardiac and cancer mortalities (HR 3.62, P < 0.01; HR 3.50, P < 0.01; HR 3.69, P < 0.01; and HR 3.17, P = 0.02).

 Conclusion:
 D-dimer is associated with long-term cause-specific mortality in CAD patients.


Due to the presence of speckle noise, segmentation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is still a challenging problem. This paper proposes a fast SAR image segmentation method based on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm. In this method, threshold estimation is regarded as a search procedure that searches for an appropriate value in a continuous grayscale interval. Hence, ABC algorithm is introduced to search for the optimal threshold. In order to get an efficient fitness function for ABC algorithm, after the definition of grey number in Grey theory, the original image is decomposed by discrete wavelet transform. Then, a filtered image is produced by performing a noise reduction to the approximation image reconstructed with low-frequency coefficients. At the same time, a gradient image is reconstructed with BC algorithm rey entropy some high-frequency coefficients. A co-occurrence matrix based on the filtered image and the gradient image is therefore constructed, and an improved two-dimensional grey entropy is defined to serve as the fitness function of ABC algorithm. Finally, by the swarm intelligence of employed bees, onlookers and scouts in honey bee colony, the optimal threshold is rapidly discovered. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is superior to Genetic Algorithm (GA) based and Artificial Fish Swarm (AFS) ods based segmentation meth


The Year 2000 - the trajectory of an idea, Daniel Bell. Part 1 Working session one: preliminary memorandum to the commission from the chairman baselines for the future alternative futures centralization and decentralization the need for models a summary by the chairman. Part 2 Some specific problems: The next thirty-three years - a framework for speculation, Herman Kahn, anthony J. Wiener Can social predictions be evaluated? Fred Charles Ikle Forecasting and technological forecasting, Donald A. Schon Information, rationality, and free choice in a future democratic society, Martin Shubik Planning and predicting - or what to do when you don't know the names of the variables, Leonard J. Duhl Modernizing urban development, Harvey S. Perloff The relationship of federal to local authorities, Daniel P. Moynham The need for a new political theory, Lawrence K. Frank Universities cities in the Year 2000, Stephen R. Graubard Educational and scientific institutions, Harold Orlans Biological man and the Year 2000, Ernst Mayr Deliberate efforts to control human behaviour and modify personality, Gardner C. Quarton religion, mysticism, and the institutional church, Krister Stendahl Memorandum, on youth, Erik H. Erikson The life cycle and its variations - the division of roles, Margaret Mead The problems of privacy in the Year 2000, Harry Kalven, Jr. Some psychological perspectives on the Year 2000, George A. Miller Notes on meritocracy, David Riesman Violence, James Q. Wilson Communication, John R. Pierce Thinking about the future of international society, Eugene V. Rostow Political development and the decline of the American system of world order, Samuel P. Huntington The international system in the next half century, Itheil de Sola Pool. Part 3 Working session two: the nature and limitations of forecasting four futures the need for normative statements a summary by the chairman members of the commission on the Year 2000 the working parties Coda - work in further progress, Daniel Bell.


A new dimension function on countable-dimensional algebras (over a field) is described. Its dimension values lie in the unit interval [0, 1]. Since the free algebra on two generators turns out to have dimension 0 (although conceivably some Noetherian algebras might have positive dimension!), this dimension function promises to distinguish among algebras of infinite GKdimension.


SUMMARYAfter backcrossing with maize, a 46-chromosome intergeneric hybrid between Zea mays L. and Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (2 n=72) gave rise to cytologically and morphologically variable populations. Twenty-chromosome offspring derived from different cytological pathways from the F1 to recovered maize were studied. No Tripsacum chromosome insertions to maize were identified by studying pachytene configurations. Ten of 20 lines had significantly reduced chiasmata frequences as compared to F1 hybrids between standard maize genetic stocks and the recovered maize lines. Six linkage groups on chromosomes 2, 4, 7 and 9 were analyzed. Significant decreases in crossing over were observed for the 1g1—- g12 linkage group of chromosome 2 and for the su1—- g13 group of chromosome 4. The linkage groups g12—- V4 of chromosome 2 and o2—- g11 of chromosome 7 showed increasing crossing over trends for all recovered maize lines. Few significant increases or reductions were observed for the yg2—- g115 and g115—- bm4 g...


Traditional resource allocation algorithms use the hierarchical system, which does not apply to the bad channel environment in broadband power line communication system. Introducing the idea of cross-layer can improve the utilization of resources and ensure the QoS of services. This paper proposes a cross-layer resource allocation on broadband power line based on QoS priority scheduling function on MAC layer. Firstly, the algorithm considers both of real-time users' requirements for delay and non-real-time users' requirements for queue length. And then user priority function is proposed. Then each user's scheduled packets number is calculated according to its priority function. The scheduling sequences are based on the utility function. In physical layer, according to the scheduled packets, the algorithm allocates physical resources for packets. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm give consideration to both latency and throughput of the system with improving users' QoS.


A shadow identification and classification method for real images is developed an this paper. The method is based on the extensive analysis of shadow intensity and shadow geometry. The procedure for identifying shadows is divided into three processes: low level, middle level, and high level. The low level process extracts dark regions f rom images. The middle level process performs feature analysis on dark regions, including detecting vertices on the outlines of dark regions, identifying penumbrae in dark regions, assigning the subregions in dark regions as self-shadows and cast shadows, and finding object regions adjacent to dark regions. The high level process integrates the information derived f rom the previous processes and confirms shadows among the dark regions.


It is very necessary to build a tool for critical diagnosis of heart disease related to human health. In this paper, a state-of-art method with multi-class support vector machine is proposed to classify types of heart disease in different scenarios of heartbeat datasets. In practice, electrocardiogram signals are preprocessed using a median filter to obtain smooth electrocardiogram signals and then the smooth electrocardiogram signals are segmented to obtain heartbeats. A short-time Fourier transform algorithm is applied on heartbeats to produce frequency information, which can be seen as features of heart disease. Therefore, the features are the input of the multi-class support vector machine classifier for training and testing. In addition, the electrocardiogram signals are collected from the MIT-BIH database for this research, in which there are five types of heart disease with two cases of intra-and inter-patient. The experimental results show that the high accuracy is obtained to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed classification system.


while conducting field investigations of rabies in wildlife, 356 hibernating bats of six species were observed in twenty-four of thirty-five silica mines searched. Mine shafts extended horizontally into hillsides, and varied from a few feet to an estimated 450 feet or more in depth. Sex ratios and representative measurements of 183 bats were obtained. Temperatures at 83 hibernation sites were recorded; these ranged from 30° to 56°F. There was a significant difference between mean temperatures at hibernation sites of a group consisting of Pipistrellus subflavus, Myotis keenii , and Myotis lucifugus , and a group including Eptesicus fuscus, Plecotis rafinesquii , and Lasionycteris noctivagans . The last two species are considered uncommon in Illinois, but 13 P. rafinesquii were observed in nine mines, and 18 L. noctivagans were found in eight of the twenty-four mines having bats.


Fever is a medical condition characterized by an increased body temperature beyond the normal range of 36 – 37°C. If not managed appropriately, fever may lead to complications in therapy. The conventional treatment for fever involves using antipyretics such as paracetamol/acetaminophen, and ibuprofen. However, prolonged use of these synthetic medications may have adverse side effects. Consequently, more patients are turning to herbal medicine to manage fever. This review aims to identify medicinal plants with pharmacological activity as antipyretics. We conducted a systematic literature review using Google Scholar as the search engine database. Our search keywords were "tanaman herbal", "antipiretik", "penurun demam", and "uji aktivitas antipiretik". In this review, a total of 18 articles were meticulously analyzed. The collective findings from these studies demonstrated that all tested medicinal plants exhibited antipyretic activity. Flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids were the primary constituents responsible for the observed antipyretic activity. Medicinal plants with alkaloids and steroid content were also believed to exhibit antipyretic activity.
Keywords: fever, antipyretics, medicinal plants


Silicon-nitride-based integrated photonic platforms currently lack fast photodiodes, limiting its adoption for high-speed optical transceivers. We show uni-traveling-carrier (UTC) photodiodes heterogeneously integrated by means of micro-transfer-printing and demonstrate their excellent bandwidth performance at 1550 nm, achieving net bit rates in excess of 350 Gbit/s. © 2022 The Author(s)


Introduction: For the last 30 years, the central pathomechanical path of periodontitis has been described as a polymicrobial infection by an oral biofilm containing specific pathogens. Consequently, a combination of microbiological tests followed by systemic antibiotics has been used as an adjunct to me chanical removal of the biofilm. According to current knowledge, however, conversion of the originally physiological and symbiotic biofilm into a dysbiotic biofilm is crucial for the pathogenicity. Hence, testing for the presence of specific microorganisms is of less clinical relevance. Systemic administration of antibiotics after prior mechanical debridement undeniably has an added benefit in severe manifestations of periodontitis. In light of this, it is unclear how the decision to administer systemic antibiotics as part of peri odontitis therapy is made in dental practices. Evaluating this decision process was the subject of this study.


These notes merely intend to memorialize Souriau's overlooked achievements regarding geo\-metric quantization of Poincar\'e-elementary symplectic systems. Restricting attention to his model of massless, spin-$\half$, particles, we faithfully rephrase and expound here Sections (18.82)--(18.96) \& (19.122)--(19.134) of his book \cite{SSD} edited in 1969. Missing details about the use of a preferred Poincar\'e-invariant polarizer are provided for completeness.


Migration patterns of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt were examined in a river / shallow estuary System in the Gaspé Peninsula of Québec, Canada. Twenty-four smolt in 2005 and 30 in 2006 were tagged with coded ultrasonic transmitters, and their migration throughout the river and estuary was monitored using an array of fixed VR2 receivers. The effect of diurnal period (day vs. night), discharge and smolt characteristics (weight and condition factor) on transit time within a downstream reach of the river was determined using linear régression. The relationship between smolt seaward ground speed and smolt characteristics and environmental properties both measured and predicted by a validated hydrodynamic model was determined within the estuary using multiple régressions modelling. A strong diurnal effect on migration was apparent within the river, with movements occurring mostly during the night. Downstream migration was slower during the day. In the estuary, migration was strongly affected by water velocity as smolt moved seaward on ebbing tides and landward on flooding tides. The effect of water velocity was also greater during the night than during the day which suggested that smolt could feed visually or avoid prédation during the day. With an increase in salinity, smolt seaward movements during flooding tides were more fréquent and overall seaward ground speed increased. It is proposed that the increase in salinity experienced by the smolt during their migration through the estuary induced a shift in the behaviour of smolts from a generally passive migration to a more active and seaward oriented migration.


We study the scheduling problem for multiple deferrable jobs that are to be processed before individual deadlines. The processing of the jobs is subject to a time-varying limit on the total processing rate. The service provider also faces the stochasticity in job arrivals and processing cost. The scheduling problem is formulated as a restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) problem, which can be relaxed into multiple independent single-arm scheduling problems. We define the Lagrange index as the maximum greatest tax under which it is optimal to activate the arm, taking into account future processing rate limit constraints. We establish the indexability for the formulated RMAB. We propose a Lagrange index policy with a new randomized tie-breaking rule. Numerical results show that the proposed Lagrange index policy achieves 10%-83% higher average reward than the classical Whittle index policy (that does not take into account the processing rate limits).


OBJECTIVE
To identify autoepitopes of E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2) specific CD8+ CTL in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients.

METHODS
An online database SYFPEITHI was applied to predict HLA-A*0201 restricted epitopes which located in PDC-E2 30-50 aa and 150-190 aa where B-cell epitopes clustered with CD4+ T-cell epitopes. T2 cell line reconstitution and stabilization assay, induction of specific CTL lines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with PBC and cytotoxicity of peptides-induced CTL were performed to screen the epitopes from those candidates.

RESULTS
Five potential epitopes were predicted by database. Of the 5 candidates, two peptides 159-167 aa and 165-174 aa, with highly binding activity to HLA-A*0201 molecules, could stimulate PBMCs from most HLA-A*0201 positive PBC patients to proliferate and peptide-induced CTL lines showed specific cytotoxicity.

CONCLUSION
Peptides of KLSEGDLLA (159-167 aa) and LLAEIETDKA (165-174 aa) in the inner lipoyl domain of PDC-E2 are HLA-A*0201 restricted CD8+ CTL immunodominant epitopes in PBC.


The following topics were dealt with: mobile communication; intelligent transport systems; interfaces and communication protocols; telecommunication services; QoS; network management; communication software; signal processing; signal coding; Internet; IP based environments; education methodology; EMC; wireless multimedia networks; and safety aspects


This paper introduces a stochastic model useful for the evaluation of building performance or decay. The model is especially structured to allow prediction of the value of alternative adaptation during a building's lifetime. It is designed for conditions in which only scanty data on building system operations are available. Extensions considered are: system interactions, nonstationary behavior, and policy formulations based on resource allocations. Incorporated is the necessary accounting framework for data collection so as to allow regular review of maintenance policies.


In this paper the author uses the methodology of futurologists to paint a picture of Europe 20 years after the Single Market comes into force. The paper sets out to demonstrate that there is a paradigm shift under way in Europe which will lead to major changes for both marketers and educators during the first part of the 21st century.


An efficient method for the synthesis of new Schiff base macrocyclic polyamines 5 and 6 with γ-hydroxypropyl groups is described. These new compounds have been prepared by one step cyclizative condenzation reaction of aliphatic diamine monohydroperchlorates with 3,4 -dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carbaldehyde (3), and are soluble in most organic solvents. The method is very convenient and a yield of 52- 55% can be obtained, without perchloric acid have given only acyclic products 7 and 8.


Abstract: We are resorting to grow a productive path surface tracking system for self acting pothole detection. This is an economical solution for the road safety motive. System will assist to escape accidents and can be used to identify problem areas early. Badly managed pavements are an actuality of life in most growing countries counting India. We are going to create a constructive road surface monitoring system using IOT technology using ESP8266 wifi controller and Ultrasonic sensor for detecting pothole identification. Automated pothole detection is our centre in the system.


The Mapping Camera Subsystem provides precision metric photography of the lunar surface as well as time correlated stellar photography used for post-flight camera system attitude determination. A multiple camera system, such as the Lunar Mapper, requires the need for precise stellar calibration to assure maximum usability of its photography in subsequent photogrammetric data reduction. The pertinent parameters of the Lunar Mapping Camera Subsystem, as well as the plans and techniques for performing the overall stellar calibration task are summarized. Included is a review of stellar calibration plans for site selection, site development, logistics, mission observation, and date reduction.


In the video image sequence,jittering is existed in the video,for example the camera shift and shaking.These phenomena seriously affect the detected effect of moving targets.In order to resolve this problem,this paper implemented a improved diamond search method to detect moving object.The motion compensation would realize the transformation from dynamic background to static background.Obtained the moving target by using frame differential method,and this experimental result showed that this method could effectively solve the search and owe search problem in the diamond search method,and effectively improved the accuracy of the motion estimation,for moving targets can accurately detect.


Sir George Chalmers' portrait of James Lind is likely to have been painted in 1783, at the end of Lind's term as Chief Physician at The Royal Hospital, Haslar, which is shown in the background of the picture. The books shown in the picture are Lind on Scurvy,1 which stands upright on Lind on Climate2; and An essay on the most effectual means of preserving the health of seamen,3 which lies open under Lind's left hand. The lettering on the spine of the other book (lying directly on the table) is not legible, but it is presumably Lind's Two papers on fevers and infection.4 The portrait seems likely to have remained at The Royal Hospital Haslar,5 until Edmond Peters, a descendant of James Lind, obtained it at the end of the 19th century or the beginning of the 20th century.

The portrait passed from Edmond Peters to Jack Peters, one of his two sons. Jack and his wife Mabel (nee Palmer) emigrated to South Africa in 1946; but two weeks after the family arrived in Johannesburg, Jack was killed in a road traffic accident, leaving Mabel to cope with two young daughters in a strange country. After Jack's estate had been wound up they moved to Highlands North, a Johannesburg suburb, when their possessions were brought out of storage. However, Mabel disposed of the portrait, together with other antiques, because she was concerned that the heat in South Africa might damage them.

The portrait appears to have been sold in the late 1940s. However, there is no information as to its whereabouts from then until it was purchased in Johannesburg in November 1953 by Kurt and Lorna Hepner. It is not known who the seller was, but it could well have been an art dealer. Since then the portrait has remained in the Hepner family. A note on the back of the portrait in Lorna Hepner's handwriting states that the picture is "signed and dated 1783", although these details are not obvious in the current framing.

After Lorna Hepner's death, the painting was inherited by her family in England, arriving there late in 2008. Soon after, John Hepner, Lorna's son, discovered The James Lind Library, which contains biographical details about Sir George Chalmers, Lind's portraitist, researched by John Chalmers.6 Because John Chalmers' article noted (at the time) that the current whereabouts of the portrait were not known, John Hepner contacted him to let him know that the portrait was in the Hepner family's possession, and in England. John Chalmers informed Iain Chalmers, who went to meet the Hepner family with his son Theo Chalmers, a professional photographer, who photographed the portrait for publication in The James Lind Library. Copyright in the painting belongs to John Hepner.