Context: The Bagalkot region of Karnataka in specific is known for its hot and dry climate and also the presence of cement factory. Very few studies have been conducted in this region, and there is a need for this study to know the ocular symptoms and conjunctival cell changes among the population residing in the vicinity of Bagalkot cement factory. Settings and Design: This is a comparative cross-sectional study between70 participants residing within 2 km radius (Group 1) and 70 participants residing outside 2 km radius (Group 2) of Bagalkot cement factory. Patients were evaluated for ocular discomfort using OSDI questionnaire and tear film changes using Schirmer's-1 test and sample was collected for conjunctival impression cytology. Results: As this study was age and gender matched, the age distribution and gender distribution among two groups were same. Schirmer's-1 test values were significantly low (<10 mm) in group 1 subjects (71.4%) than in group 2 subjects (32.9%) (P = <0.001). Majority of group 1 subjects were graded 2 and 3 in Nelson's grading for conjunctival impression cytology (55.8%), but this was 22.9% in group 2 (P < 0.001). OSDI score showed that 57.2% of group 1 had moderate-to-severe dry eye and this was 12.9% in group 2 (P < 0.001). Gender, occupation, location of stay and duration of stay showed significant association with Schirmer's test, OSDI score and Nelson's grading (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Cement dust poses high risk to eye health. More plans should be carried out to reduce dust exposure in the high-risk areas of the factory.


A combined electron microscopic stereological and biochemical study of the smooth muscle cells of guinea pig seminal vesicles was performed in intact, castrated, castrated and dihydrotestosterone‐ or estradiol‐treated adult animals. Castration led to cell atrophy as determined stereologically by a decreased single cell volume and biochemically by no change in DNA content coupled with an increase in the DNA concentration. Treatment of castrates with dihydrotestosterone restored both the stereological and biochemical parameters of the cell size to slightly supranormal levels. The estrogen‐induced increase in muscle weight and DNA content appeared to be due only to hyperplasia of muscle cells and not to a proliferation of fibroblasts or to infiltration by inflammatory cells. In all treatment groups, including the estrogen‐treated castrates, more than 95% of the cells in the tissue were smooth muscle cells, and there was no evidence that polyploidy contributed to changes in DNA levels. In addition, in the estrogen‐treated muscles, DNA concentration remained high, and the stereologically determined cell size remained low. Therefore, both morphological and biochemical evidence indicate that androgen induces hypertrophy, whereas estrogen induces hyperplasia of muscle cells.


Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals are promising materials for switchable holograms, optical data storage, tunable beam deflectors and various diffractive optical elements, which can be addressed by electric fields. The present paper describes investigations on the grating formation in a model system. The results of holographic and calorimetric experiments are in good agreement with a reaction-diffusion model.


1 Department of Agronomy; 4 Department of Horticulture; 3 Department of Soil Science Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250110, U.P., India 2 Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), New Delhi 110 012, India 3 Uttar Pradesh Council of Agricultural Research, Lucknow, India 4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tepla (Ambala)Haryana, India 6 Indian Institute of Soil Science Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal – 462 038, India *Corresponding author:


Many students are considered underachievers in mathematics. They are average or above average in their intelligence but their actual achievement in mathematics did not coincide to their intellectual capabilities. This study seeks to unearth the factors that affect underachievement in mathematics. There are three suspected identified factors that will scaffold this study. First is teacher factor, which is compose of mastery of the subject matter, instructional techniques and strategies, classroom management, communication skills, and personality. Second is student factor which include study habits, time management, and attitude and interests towards mathematics. Third is environmental factor such as parents' values attitudes, classroom settings, and peer group. The design of this study is descriptive – correlation method utilizing teacher – made questionnaire. Based on the findings, student factors such as study habits, time management, and attitude towards mathematics are the factors that affect underachievement in mathematics.


In last years the interest in fuel cell, as an alternative device for electrical energy production, has been growing. In order to completely exploit fuel cell technology, some hindrances which limit their lifetime have to be overcame. In this context it is crucial to choose the right diagnostic technique, able both to find failures and malfunctions and to model their dynamic behaviour. This paper concerns two basilar issues of fuel cell research: diagnostics and modelling. In particular EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) is applied to a PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell). The experiments have been performed using a low-cost measurement hardware and creating a useful software for accomplishing several purposes.


Pellets were made by extrusion from lubricated and fully biodegradable thermoplastic wheatstarch formulations. The used lubricants were vegetable oil or internal biodegradable release agent such as magnesium stearate. After conditioning one week long at 20°C and under 65 % of relative humidity (RH), these pellets were injected to produce ISO / R 527 standardized samples for tensile test, (150 mm long and 4 mm thick). Such samples were conditioned in the same way as pellets were and allowed us to quantify the mechanical properties and moulding shrinkage of these fully biodegradable materials. The automatic injection mode is only possible with pellets lubricated with magnesium stearate. This is the reason why this formulation will be therefore considered as a reference injection grade. The rheological study of this reference emphasizes, all other things being equal, that the injection parameters depend on the relative humidity of the conditioning atmosphere in which the pellets remained before injection.


Objectives To determine the benefits of idiopathic full-thickness macular hole(FTMH) surgery compared with observation and to evaluate the use of autologousserum as an intraoperative adjunct. Methods A randomized clinical trial was performed to evaluate the anatomic andvisual benefits of FTMH surgery for lesions of 9 months or less symptom durationand visual acuity of 20/60 or less. We compared surgery with natural historyand determined whether use of intraoperative adjunctive autologous serum improvesthe surgical outcome. Eyes were randomized to (1) observation, (2) vitrectomy,or (3) vitrectomy plus serum and were followed for 24 months to assess anatomicstatus and visual function. Results In total, 185 eyes of 174 patients were enrolled. In the observationgroup, spontaneous closure of the FTMH occurred in 7 (11.5%) of 61 patients,with little or no change in overall acuity levels in 24 months. In contrast,the surgical groups had an overall closure rate of 80.6% (100/124) at 24 months,with 45% of eyes achieving Snellen acuity of 20/40 or greater. Surgical eyeshad better median near acuity than observation eyes by 6 lines (N5 vs N14).Use of autologous serum did not seem to affect anatomic or visual results.At 24 months, 72 (58.1%) of 124 surgical eyes had undergone cataract extraction. Conclusions Surgery for FTMH is safe and effective and is associated with significantvisual improvement compared with the natural history. Autologous serum applicationdoes not enhance the results of surgery.


Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogeneous disease with an aggressive behaviour in most cases, which is associated with expression of sex determining region‐Y‐box11 (SOX11). Experimental studies have shown that SOX11 expression is associated with an angiogenic switch characterised by increased expression of angiogenic‐related signatures and vascularisation of murine tumours. However, the relationship between angiogenesis and SOX11 expression in primary tumours is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the development of microvascular angiogenesis in primary MCL in relation to SOX11 expression and its potential prognostic value.


SAR simulation imaging may be useful for several purposes, and this paper focuses on the use of SAR image simulation for accuracy analysis of image aid navigation in natural scene. However, natural scenes are more complicated including randomly and anisotropic distributed. So the anisotropic fBm interpolation mold was proposed via improving fBm method for obtaining a more accurate matrix of the DEM data. On the basis of high-resolution DEM data, an approach was presented to SAR imaging simulation for comprehensive scenarios, which takes account scattering, shadowing and the layover. In the simulation experiment, this algorithm was successfully implemented on producing SAR simulation imaging, and can satisfy the requirements of accuracy analysis in SAR aid navigation system.


A small modular reactor (SMR) offers a promising means to produce carbon-free power. Many SMR designs are intended for multiple module operation, whereby several units are operated as a single plant. As such, the output from the plant can be increased or decreased via regulating the individual units. In order to benefit from such operational flexibility, individual units must be properly controlled, as there are direct and indirect couplings among their dynamics. This research examines such a situation and analyzes the dynamic behavior of a group of pressurized water reactor-type SMRs in an islanded power system under the load-frequency control framework. The detailed models of the SMRs and the associated components and subsystems are developed, and effective control systems are designed to investigate the performance of this multimodule topology in supplying uninterrupted power to the loads under different operating scenarios. The performance of the system is evaluated through simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC using a benchmark 9-bus power system.


: The nomenclatural consequences of some recently published new combinations and replacement names under Eulophia R.Br. (Orchidaceae) are discussed with a suggestion to follow the existing usage of these name under Geodorum Andrews until their nomenclatural status is resolved in the future.


The concept of equilibrium potential‐pH diagrams (E‐pH) for two‐dimensional species adsorbed on metals is applied to the case of sulfur and oxygen adsorbed on chromium in water. Standard Gibbs energies of formation for sulfur and oxygen adsorbed on chromium are calculated from literature thermodynamic data for chemisorption from the gas phase. The E‐pH relations associated with the equilibria between water, the dissolved sulfur species, and adsorbed sulfur and oxygen are given at 25 and 300°C. The corresponding E‐pH diagrams are calculated for a sulfur activity of and are superimposed on the usual Pourbaix diagrams for the system. Formation of adsorbed sulfur monolayers on the metal surface is predicted in E‐pH domains where the usual diagrams do not predict the stability of a chromium sulfide. Predictions of the corrosion risk for chromium in sulfur‐containing aqueous environments can be done using the reported E‐pH diagrams.


A high power semiconductor device package is provided to increase matching impedance and to improve output property by using internal matching method with chip transistor die and chip capacitor. A high power semiconductor device package includes at least one or more capacitors(21, 22). A high power transistor(30) is arranged with the capacitor in a row. Input/output terminal lead wires(40, 50) are formed for input/output information of the high power transistor and the capacitor. The capacitor, the high power transistor, and the input/output terminal lead wires are electrically connected by a plurality of connection wires(111, 112, 113, 114). The capacitor and the transistor are connected by a three-dimensional range mode for a low input impedance matching of the high power transistor.


During the 10-year period 1976 to 1985 the electric utility industry plans to install almost 111,600 megawatts of new coal-fired generating capacity. The majority of this new capacity will be sited west of the Mississippi River, with the largest coal expansion planned by utilities in the West South Central Region. Electric utilities project that by the end of 1985 new coal units planned for operation during the next 10 years will require about 358 million tons of coal annually. As of mid-October 1976, utilities had a little more than two-thirds of this ten years of incremental coal demand for new units under contract, about 243 million tons.


In the era of per oral endoscopic myotomy, advancement in manometry and laparoscopy the treatment for achalasia cardia is well defined. Oesophagectomy has only a limited role in rare patients with sigmoid esophagus, perforation during nonsurgical treatment and malignancy. This study is about the indications of esophagectomy for achalasia cardia from one of the high volume centers for upper gastrointestinal disorders in India

 This study includes 10 patients (7 male, 3 female) between august 2010 to august 2016.They had symptoms like dyspnea, dysphagia, regurgitation, chest discomfort, weight loss and cough. The duration of symptoms range from 2–120 months. Seven patients underwent previous pneumatic dilatation, four underwent Laproscopic Hellers cardiomyotomy with fundoplication (dor 3, toupet 1) and one patient had both pneumatic dilatation and cardiomyotomy.

 The indications for esophagectomy were sigmoid esophagus, failed pneumatic dilatation and laproscopic hellers cardiomyotomy, perforation after pneumatic dilatation and malignancy. The procedures done were transhiatal esophagectomy with stomach pull-up in 8 patients, Transthoracic esophagectomy in one, Esophagogastrectomy with transabdominal intrathoracic esophagojejunal anastomosis in one patient. The follow-up range between 14–84 months. During follow-up one patient developed hepatocellular carcinoma right lobe and died.

 In the era where nonresection treatment play a major role in the management of achalasia cardia, esophagectomy still has a role in select patients. The indications for esophagectomy in our series included failed endotherapy, failed Hellers cadiomyotomy, sigmoid esophagus and malignancy.

 All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


The introduction of an efficacious serum therapy in meningococcus meningitis has made its early diagnosis of supreme importance, particularly in infancy, the age of highest mortality in untreated patients. Early recognition of this type of meningitis is more profitable than in any of the acute infectious diseases, with the probable exception of diphtheria. Experience at the Babies' Hospital demonstrates that this disease had not been recognized in the majority of 136 cases previous to admission to the hospital, although in 134 of these cases the clinical indications were sufficiently apparent to warrant immediate lumbar puncture and diagnosis. We report the clinical manifestations in 136 endemic cases in infants and young children for the purpose of directing attention to the multiform symptomatology of meningococcus meningitis and the necessity of more frequent early examinations of the spinal fluid in those suspected of having the disease. The variability of the clinical pictures in


We systematically investigated the photocatalytic reaction of methanol on the TiO2 (110)-(1 × 1) surface under irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light performed at various conditions, using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) jointed with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. Our STM and TPD results show that the photocatalytic reaction is indeed initiated from the molecular methanol at the 5-fold coordinated Ti sites, as commonly ascribed to the methanol oxidation by the photogenerated holes, reflecting the highly photoactive nature of methanol. The formaldehyde yield from the TPD results is much smaller by a factor of 2/3 than the amount of dissociated methanol from the STM results at 80 K. This observation can be assigned to the reverse reaction during the TPD measurement, and may explain the lower yield of formaldehyde using molecular methanol than using methoxy. From the fractal-like reaction kinetics of methanol, we can associate the coverage-dependence of the spectral dimensions with ...


In this report, we give a semi‐discrete defect correction finite element method for the unsteady incompressible magnetohydrodynamics equations. The defect correction method is an iterative improvement technique for increasing the accuracy of a numerical solution without applying a grid refinement. Firstly, the nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics equations is solved with an artificial viscosity term. Then, the numerical solutions are improved on the same grid by a linearized defect‐correction technique. Then, we give the numerical analysis including stability analysis and error analysis. The numerical analysis proves that our method is stable and has an optimal convergence rate. In order to show the effect of our method, some numerical results are shown. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the quadrilateral with Z43~50 and K15~20 of the square chart of nuclides with parameters S=2Z-N,H=N-Z,three or four among four parameters()~S_KR~H_(X) are taken as new terms to express limiting nuclides of stable scope.The lines stretch into outer area of the quadrangle.New limiting fold-lines and deep-seated connections among these limiting fold-lines of stable region are shown.It connected out by four parameters: upper limits of Z36~24 for nucleus ()~(34)_(20)Cd~(14)_(6) series,upper limits of even Z60~82 for coordinate()~(30)_(15)(Rh)~(15)_(0) series,lower limits of even Z80~52 for nucleus()~(34)_(21)(Ag)~(13)_(8) series.It connects out by three parameters: lower limits of stable region for ()~(32)_(16)Cd~(16)_(0) series,lower limits of even Z40~24 for nucleus()~(35)_(20)Sn~(15)_(5)and even Z42~50 for nucleus()~(32)_(19)Rh~(13)_(6) series,upper limits of Z40,42,44 for nucleus()~(34)_(21)(Ag)~(13)_(8) etc.Connections of limiting line of nuclides for stable region are established.Limiting fold-lines of stable region are connected together.New coordinate systems are not rectangular coordinates system and new connections and regularities of nuclear system distribution are found.


Differences in the breeding success of Reed Warblers in wet versus dry sites seemed to be linked more with levels of nest predation than with variations in food availability.


The accelerated testing technique using the equivalent load condition plays an important part in the automotive industry. However, the theoretical background and advantages of this technique have been on the rise recently. The environmental durability condition forms the foundation of the accelerated testing technique, so it is important to analyze the loading components and damage in service environment. We developed the GUI program for the determination of the accelerated testing condition under the multi-axial loading, and introduce the theoretical background and process for application of the program.


1. If a sufficiently strong electric current is passed through a coil of insulated soft iron wire for a short time, and the wire then disconnected, and if, after the lapse of any length of time, the wire is placed in the circuit of a galvanometer, and is then subjected to longitudinal magnetisation or to a succession of alternately directed longitudinal magnetisations, it is found to discharge an electric- current through the galvanometer.


The invention relates to a sewing up method, a continuous scissoring apparatus, a floral formula sewing machine and sheets. The subject of this invention is to simply carry out decoration treatment of scissoring sheet decoration formed with leather or synthetic resin according to arbitrary shape, and sewing the same onto fabric. An operation bench is provided, an adjusting shelf of bottom back plate is provided, a supporting surface body of top side carrier plate is provided in the frame body, through holes are formed plates corresponding with the bottom back plate and the top back plate, decorations are fixed on face of top side back plate, and the supporting surface body is fixed backwards of the constant position of the adjusting shelf, a notch is formed in the decoration through action of the scissoring apparatus and the adjusting shelf, then the supporting surface body is fixed at the constant position, the supporting surface body is moved to the sewing position by clamping cloth with the top side back plate and bottom back plate, then the decoration slice is sewn on the fabric by action of the sewing machine and adjusting shelf in due form.


No significant differences were found in the mean IPSS or quality-of-life score between the metabolic and nonmetabolic syndrome groups. The total IPSS for the two groups was 11.1 8.2 and 12.3 8.8, respectively (P .05), and the quality-of-life score was 2.1 1 and 52.4 1.6, respectively (P .05). The percentage of patients with moderate to severe voiding symptoms (IPSS of 8 or greater) was not different between the metabolic and nonmetabolic groups (55% and 61%, respectively, P .05). CONCLUSIONS N o statistically significant differences were found in voiding symptoms between the metabolic and nonmetabolic groups. The results of our study showed that no relationship exists between lower urinary tract symptoms and metabolic syndrome in elderly Korean male patients. UROLOGY 72: 556 ‐560, 2008. © 2008 Elsevier Inc.


Phase correction is a necessary step in EPI to reduce Nyquist ghost artifacts. Conventional phase correction methods [1-3] often applies equal amount of phase with opposing signs to odd and even echoes. While echo-to-echo phase alternations are reduced, an implicit phase is introduced. This phase is in general coil channel dependent, and can have significant variation for coils with higher channel count and asymmetric geometry. When combined with parallel imaging reconstruction, the channel dependent phase can generate banding artifact or residual Nyquist ghost. In this paper, we propose a phase matching method that equalizes the additional phase introduced by each channel before parallel imaging reconstruction, thereby removing the banding and residual aliasing artifacts.


The reproductive system in 3 species of whitefringed beetles, Graphognathus striatus (Buchanan), G. fecundus (Buchanan), and G. peregrinus (Buchanan), is described and compared and found to be similar in gross morphology to other weevils. Parts of the reproductive system of G. striatus and G. peregrinus were sectioned and compared histologically. The gross morphology and histology of an aberrant reproductive system also found in G. striatus and G. peregrinus is described. It is suggested that the spermathecal capsule, ovipositor styli, and 8th sternite may provide good taxonomic characters for the genus.


We recently discovered that 30% of current frequent apheresis platelet donors in a study at our donor center had CD4+ counts below 200 cells/μL. How long CD4+ lymphopenia persists after ceasing plateletpheresis is unknown. Whether there are infectious or other complications in former frequent donors that could relate to CD4+ lymphopenia is also unknown.


BACKGROUND & AIMS
Effective chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer is urgently needed. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-proliferative activity of a new vitamin D3 analogue, 22-oxa-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (22-oxa-calcitriol), on pancreatic cancer cells lines with that of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) with analysis of vitamin D receptor status.

METHODS
Antiproliferative effects of both agents were compared using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method and by measuring the tumor size of xenograft inoculated into athymic mice. Vitamin D receptor contents by Scatchard analysis and mutational analysis of receptor complementary DNA were performed.

RESULTS
In vitro, 22-oxa-calcitriol and calcitriol markedly inhibited the proliferation (3 of 9 cell lines) and caused a G1 phase cell cycle arrest by appearance of numerous domes. In vivo, 22-oxa-calcitriol inhibited the growth of BxPC-3 xenografts more significantly than calcitriol without including hypercalcemia. Hs 766T, showing no response to either agent, had the second highest receptor contents with no abnormalities in its primary structure deduced by receptor complementary DNA.

CONCLUSIONS
22-oxa-calcitriol may provide a more useful tool for the chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer than calcitriol. Also, the susceptibility of the cell lines to both agents is not well determined by evaluating either the contents or the mutation of vitamin D receptor.


investigated. The burning rates of the AP-based propellants at a constant mean diameter would not be identical when the packing fractions of the AP particles were not constant. The burning rate of the bimodal AP propellant is influenced not only by the mean particle diameter of the AP, but also by the coarse AP content and the diameter ratio of the coarse AP to the fine AP. The coarse AP particles play an important role in the combustion of the bimodal AP propellant even when the coarse particles are loosely dispersed in the fill region consisting of the fine particles and HTPB. The combustion characteristics of the coarse AP particles and the fill region would be the dominant factors influencing the burning rate of the bimodal AP propellant.


The paper deals with influence of technological conditions on roughness during grinding. It evaluates copying surface of the cavity of injection mould to the surface of the part. Experiments were realized on a flat grinding machine at normal cutting speed. Surface-roughness measuring was made for several types of metal materials. Data shows suitability of cutting grains. The grinding wheels contain different types of abrasive materials. Results were evaluated by Ra roughness parameters in comparison of these materials with usual type of abrasive.


The complex structure of interconnected power system and the existence of external load disturbance make it difficult to establish accurate system model and realize stability control with preset performance. In this paper, a fuzzy adaptive controller design method with preset performance is proposed for uncertain interconnected power systems. Firstly, the system approximation model is obtained by using the fuzzy approximation principle, then the preset performance control strategy is introduced to transform the steady-state preset performance of the system into an error performance function. Finally, the adaptive controller design with preset performance is realized based on the Backstepping method. For the validity of the algorithm, the Simulink simulation is carried out. The results show that the controller can make the output of the system uniformly bounded, that is, the tracking error can always be controlled within the specified performance range.


Light emitting diodes (LEDs) with an InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells structure have been fabricated. Their room temperature current-voltage characteristics and light emission efficiency behaviors under reverse-current stress and at different temperatures have been investigated. The forward current in the low-bias region is dominated by electron tunneling, while in the medium-bias region the heavy holes are the dominant tunneling entities. The reverse leakage current can be well explained with the defect-assisted tunneling model. The reverse-current stress induced additional structure defects in the active layer not only increase reverse-bias leakage current as leakage paths, but also degrade the overall efficiency of the LEDs as non-radiative recombination centers. The emission efficiency of the GaN-based LEDs is a strong function of temperature especially at low currents. With increasing temperature, the non-radiative recombination rate is enhanced at the extended structure defect, pushing the peak-efficiency current density toward the high current direction.


Eating disorders are still thought of as a "female problem." But 25% of those with anorexia and 36% of those with bulimia are males.


As a result of anthropogenic activities, it has been predicted that the ocean will be challenged with rising temperature, increased stratification, ocean acidification, stronger more frequent tropical storms, and oxygen depletion. In the tropical Pacific off central Mexico all these phenomena are already occurring naturally, providing a laboratory from which to explore ocean biogeochemical dynamics that are predicted under future anthropogenic forcing conditions. Here, seasonally anomalous surface tropical waters were detected as a result of the developing "Godzilla El Nino 2015-2016". The incursion of this oxygenated water modified the local structure of an intense and shallow oxygen minimum zone, partially eroding and intensifying the oxycline while having an associated impact on the carbon maximum zone. The core of the oxygen minimum zone (<4.4 μmol kg-1) was centered around 474 m, with a variant upper level between 50 and 360 m depth. Below the dominance of Tropical Surface Waters, the thickness of the oxycline varied between 10 and 325 m, with intensity values up to 11 μmol kg-1 m-1. The change in dissolved inorganic carbon and apparent oxygen utilization yielded a molar ratio of δDIC=0.98×δAOU during June 2015 and of δDIC=1.08×δAOU for March 2016. A further decrease in the average content of dissolved inorganic carbon was observed in the carbon maximum zone for 2016. Traditionally, different explanations have been proposed to account for changing oxygen concentrations in the ocean rather than considering the interactions between multiple forcing factors. Our results highlight the significance of an episodic event like El Nino in the distribution and concentration of O2 and dissolved inorganic carbon and as a plausible mechanism of ventilation and increased oxygen availability in the upper oxygen minimum zone of the tropical Pacific off central Mexico.


For decades, Minnesota history books omitted the 1920 lynchings of three black men by a mob in one of the largest cities, and residents seemed to forget or "bury" it. This study explored how initial coverage of the event in seventeen Minnesota newspapers constructed responsibility for the lynchings and likely shaped perceptions that might explain their seeming absence from collective memory. Coverage in the newspapers showed: several constructions of responsibility for the lynchings; dominant voices that reinforced the dominant constructions; reinforcement of a dominant white social structure and institutions, such as the police and law enforcement mechanisms; and what was not reported or was slighted, such as certain ideas and voices of black and white women and black men. Ultimately, this showed that the coverage contributed to hegemony through marginalizing some groups, individuals, and ideas related to it.


The invention provides a monitoring and measuring method using a displacement sensor to measure tunnel deformation. The monitoring and measuring method comprises the steps of setting a measurement point on a section of an arc tunnel, and connecting a line; arranging a connection rod at an arc measurement point; fixing a displacement transfer rod on the connection rod and fixing a first base on the connection rod; arranging a horizontal measuring rod at the position of the measuring point, and arranging a second base on the horizontal measuring rod; respectively setting the crosspoints of the displacement transfer rod and a horizontal measuring line as a first measurement point and a second measurement point; fixing a displacement sensor bracket on the first base or the second base, and arranging a horizontal direction displacement sensor and a vertical direction displacement sensor on the displacement sensor bracket; measuring horizontal clearance variation and vertical clearance variation, judging the deformation situation of the tunnel accordingly, calculating the horizontal clearance variation between a left measurement point and a right measurement point, and calculating a mean value of the vertical clearance variation between the arc measurement point and the horizontal measurement line. The monitoring and measuring method provided by the invention has the advantages of rapidness in test, high testing precision, less interference on construction and low cost, can be used for monitoring in real time, and can be used for determining whether the tunnel is biased or not according to the testing result of the clearance variation of the channel.


The increased demand for food fish, together with the banning of antibiotics for fish growth promotion and the greater public awareness for healthy fish production, led to an increased interest in the potential of functional feeds as health promoters. Prebiotics are functional ingredients that are used in fish, being reported to be associated with improvements in growth, feed efficiency, gut microbiota, digestive enzyme activities, gut morphology, immune status, disease resistance, intermediary metabolism, and stress responses. Those benefits may be related with the increase in gut beneficial bacteria, bacteria end-products of prebiotic fermentation, or the interaction between prebiotics and pattern recognition receptors. Due to the reported prebiotic-related positive effects in fish, a large amount of studies have been published in the last years, mainly focusing on prebiotics' benefits to fish. Thus, the present review focuses on prebiotics' potential as functional ingredients, focusing on their mechanisms of action. In addition, this review summarizes prebiotic effects in Mediterranean aquaculture fish, whose production has greatly increased in the last years. Finally, topics that deserve to be further explored, such as prebiotic effects related with fish age and size, and timing and duration of administration are suggested.


Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker which is used in the treatment of hypertension angina pectoris. The aim of this study was to formulate and optimize nifedipine containing microspheres in an attempt to prepare a suitable sustained release delivery system using factorial design. Drug loaded microspheres were prepared using Eudragit RL100, through solvent evaporation technique. In the next step, the effect of different formulation variables, including the amount of polymer (1 - 2 g), stabilizer (0.1 - 0.5 g) and drug/polymer ratio (0.05:1 ‐ 0.1:1) on the appearance, physical properties of particles, and the amount of loaded drug was investigated. Based on the type and the variables studied, 8 formulations were designed using factorial design method, and were then prepared and their drug contents were determined. In order to detect the precise effect of the formulation variables and their interactions, design expert software was used. Data analysis showed that microspheres with optimum drug loading could be prepared using 1 g polyvinylalcohol, 1 ‐ 2 g polymer and 0.07:1 drug/polymer ratio. Among the formulations suggested and based on the predicted responses and their desirability indices, 6 formulations were selected as the optimum formulations. Finally, selected microspheres were evaluated from the view points of morphology and release pattern. Results revealed that microspheres obtained from the formulations S


A new set of hierarchical vector basis functions that spans the curl-conforming reduced-gradient spaces of Nédélec on a triangular-prism cell is presented. These functions are constructed from orthogonal scalar polynomials to enhance their linear independence, which is a simpler process than an orthogonalization applied to the final vector functions. The new functions are compatible with those recently developed for tetrahedral and brick cells, in the sense that vector functions on a triangular face of a tetrahedron (or on a quadrilateral face of a brick) can easily be made continuous with analogous functions on the triangular (or quadrilateral) face of a prism cell. Specific functions are tabulated to order 3.5.


In work on the example of research, children of 7-10 years the materials characterizing level and dynamics of manifestation of functional asymmetry at performance by them right-and left-side motive functions are analyzed. Possibility of symmetric development of right-and left-side motive functions at children 7 age by application on occupations of specially directed exercises is shown.


Epithelial ovarian cancer is the sixth commonest cancer world-wide and is the commonest form of ovarian cancer (approximately 90% of ovarian cancers). Unfortunately most women with ovarian cancer (75%) present at a late stage when their disease has spread throughout the abdomen. This is because symptoms are vague, often occur only after the cancer has spread, and can be misdiagnosed as being caused by other benign conditions. The five-year survival for women with ovarian cancer is poor (approximately 30%).


Living beings of different kind, different variety, even the same variety, in different growth stage had different requisition for humidity to some extent. In order to meet the humidity request of the environment of living beings, the special-purpose humidistat were used to regulate the humidity of the greenhouse timely and accurately. In the paper, the automatic control of the humidity regulation system is realized by the humidistat based on PIC16F877A, recommended the hardware and software design of the system and prevent the technology of interfering.


Results of a study of crop .growing periods at some stations in northeast Brazil are presented in this paper. Daily soil moisture values for a minimum period of 25 years are evaluated by means of a simple soil moisture model using temperature and precipitation data. A first order Markov chain model is applied to the soil moisture data and initial and conditional probabilities of wet and dry soil days are obtained. Soil moisture averages and probabilities are used to evaluate crop growing periods at the stations. The effect of uncertainties in the model parameters on the estimated growing periods is investigated.


Abstract External intervention has frustrated and continues to frustrate peace and stability in the Horn of Africa and Somalia, adding various adverse layers to an already complicated and complex conflict. The level of forceful military engagement intended for regional domination has profoundly affected negatively the efforts of peacebuilding and statebuilding in Somalia. This article examines how the earlier Ethiopian policies towards Somalia has reshaped the (post)-Cold War politics of the Horn. In doing so, it traces the roots of the Ethiopian intervention in Somalia vis-à-vis new non-state armed groups to chart the changing political dynamics of the conflict in Somalia. By using historical approach, the article argues that Ethiopia's agenda is central to understanding why the 'War on Terror' has strengthened and subsequently midwifed armed militant movements (e.g. new insurgency groups) in Somalia, starting from Al-Itihaad to today's Al-Shabaab. In focusing upon various regional actors and groups, the article moves from the emphasis of internal systems to external power structures, considering the wider historical and political factors in the region that must be closely examined if the regional and local conflicts are to be deeply understood. While it is a context-specific study, the article aims to contribute fresh perspectives and insights to ongoing discussions on the consequences of the Ethiopian intervention in Somalia.


In this paper we present a simple circuit for generating the monocycle pulses required in a time hopping ultra-wideband transmitter for an intra/inter chip wireless interconnection system. The monocycle pulse, which has a wide bandwidth, is obtained from damped sinusoidal signals generated from a resistance-inductance-capacitance circuit with a low pass resistance-capacitance filter, transmission gate and digital control circuit. A single-chip implementation of this circuit based on 0.18 µm CMOS technology and results of its simulation named "HSPICE" are presented in this paper. The simulation shows that the generated monocycle pulse has wide bandwidth characteristics. The developed circuit consumes low power (4.4 mW) and occupies a small area (0.19 mm2).


DeVos Hall (Grand Rapids, MI) is a good multi‐purpose hall that had some acoustic shortcomings, particularly in its function as home to the Grand Rapids Symphony, and was renovated to improve acoustic performance for orchestral use. The renovation combined modest modifications to room surfaces with a complete rethinking and reworking of the orchestra shell. Significant improvement was achieved at modest expense and without compromising the hall's use for nonorchestral functions.


Despite many service-learning programs that are now in practice, the empirical assessment of their effectiveness is sparse, due in part, to the difficulty in identifying a common indicator to measure effectiveness. In order to bolster the empirical assessment of these programs, evaluation of one such service-learning program is presented here. Empirical data, collected from 187 elementary and secondary school students, were analyzed. The elementary school students were split into treatment and control groups based on their involvement in' a greenhouse construction project. At the high school level, two experimental groups were each characterized by special tutoring and student service to a historical society. Control groups were used and a self-esteem inventory was adopted to assess the effect of each service-learning project. The results indicate no significant gender differences among the three groups although the special tutoring program was more effective than the greenhouse construction and the historical project in improving student self-esteem and academic performance. The differences in self-esteem enhancement also hinged on student age and community support. Apparently, the longer the service-learning and the older the students, the better the results. (RJM) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Service-learning and Self-esteem 1 tr) oo Running head: SERVICE-LEARNING AND SELF-ESTEEM An Empirical Assessment of Self-Esteem Enhancement in A CHALLENGE Service-Learning Program Jianjun Wang Department of Teacher Education California State University, Bakersfield 9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield, CA 93311 Betty Greathouse School of Education California State University, Bakersfield 9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield, CA 93311 Veronica M. Falcinella CHALLENGE 1747 Princeton Street Delano, CA 93215 EST COPY ABABA is LE "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) O This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality a Points of view or Opinions stated in thrs docuTO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ment do not necessarily represent official INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." OE RI position or policy


Under the difficult process criminal case against the Carmelite friar Pablo of San Benito in Sanlucar de Barrameda, in 1774, justice of King Charles III, played by the mayor Roque Marin, must also face the serious and strong pressures exercise the ecclesiastical establishment of this city of Cadiz in order to disavow and to undermine his power and his desire to control the huge loss of religious discipline and frequent disagreements exist, mainly in the Dominican Order. This resulted in the expulsion of the readers of Theology of the Dominican convent of Sanlucar by order of the Council of Castile and reflects a grim picture in full Enlightenment, serious internal conflicts within the Spanish religious orders.


Cellular automata are mathematical models that express self-organization process of the whole system owing to nonlinear interaction among local elements inside the system by constructing simple rules.In this paper a cellular automaton model is presented to simulate the rock failure.Force and displacement are taken as the basic state variables.Based on the basic mechanical laws the vector updating rules are constructed,which overcome the shortcomings of arbitrary decision of local rules and scalar variables.Based on this model the fracture process of three-point-bend samples is simulated.The influences of pre-existing cracks on the fracture process of three-point-bend samples are studied.And the stress-strain curves corresponding to the fracture process are obtained.


With the development of Internet and the constant emergence of all kinds of multimedia business, user's demand on Quality of Service (QoS) becomes higher and higher. However, the current Internet routing protocol could not provide a good solution for QoS. Quality of service route is at present a very important research topic in the routing protocol, but it is hard to give a perfect method for network. Two factors should be considered in order to implement QoS routing in Internet with balance between economical and technical factors. This paper mainly studies on the technical problems of QoS route and provide an algorithm called SAMCRA to improve the Qos and give some analysis about it.


Abstract : This report is a highly-readable and condensed summary of the work undertaken to investigate the causes of blistering in fiberglass reinforced polyester composites, the structural material of many small boats, which are subject to blistering. The report is divided into the following sections: Introduction; How Blisters Form; the Hull Material; Manufacturing Processes; Water Diffusion in Hull Materials; Stresses in Hull Materials; Testing for Blister Resistance; Types of Blisters; Leaching of Substances from Hull Material; Long Term Effects of Water Up-Take. Keywords: Blisters, Boat fiberglass.


This work presents an isolated full-bridge bidirectional DC/DC converter for battery charging/discharging operation. In the proposed scheme, the full-bridge isolated topology is used for the DC-DC conversion. The full bridge scheme is widely used for the high power application. High frequency transformer is used for isolation purpose. This paper deals with the effect of leakage inductance of high frequency transformer in the charging mode as well as discharge mode of operation. Phase shifted topology is used as control scheme. Effect of leakage inductance on output voltage, output current is shown in simulation. Simulation results are obtained using PSIM Software with a 7.75-kW load. Test result is given for effectiveness of the study. Battery rating 310 V, 25 A.


Two distinct uses of the Chorus in Greek tragedy can both be illustrated from Aeschylus' trilogy, the Oresteia. One is concerned with theme, with intimations of the meaning, the tragic significance of the action which is taking place or is about to take place before our eyes. The other is concerned with the actual furthering of the dramatic action itself.


Chinese trade in Africa is affecting business trade, specifically in South Africa. Chinese businesses are well established in Africa, indicating a strong interdependency between the countries. Chinese products are making inroads in the South African trade market. Within the electrical trade this has led to Chinese trade being more lucrative and competitive than local trade. This trade indicates that there are cost savings inherent in using a consolidated Freight Forwarder / Clearing Agent. (Freight Forwarder / Clearing Agent are used interchangeably to each other therefore Freight Forwarder will be used for the remainder of this Study). This study suggests that consolidating procurement as well as using a single Freight Forwarder is beneficial for imports. The primary research was gathered by means of quantitative questions which were sent out to specific purchasing divisions within the various subsidiaries. Quantitative questions were also used to evaluate the Freight Forwarders. This non-probability sampling technique showed that there was benefit derived from using a consolidated Freight Forwarder. This research also showed benefits that could be utilised by using another procurement division to source products. Secondary research on China and procurement was gained from internet research, reviews, books and journal articles. China is a key trading partner in Africa which suggests benefits of a single Freight Forwarder and procurement division. The Group needs to look into implementing a single Freight Forwarder as the research has shown it to be beneficial. It also needs to look into better Chinese supplier relations and trade enhancements as a group.


This paper presents a preliminary attempt at establishing the genetic affiliation of Nhanta, an Aboriginal language of the central coast of Western Australia, by means of the comparative method, with additional notes on unique lexical features and suggestive cognates


Over the last decades, biodegradable metals have gained popularity for biomedical applications due to their ability to assist in tissue healing. These materials degrade in vivo, while the corrosion products formed are either absorbed or excreted by the body, and no further surgical intervention is required for removal. Intensive research has been carried out mainly on degradable biomaterials based on Mg and Fe. In recent years, zinc‐based degradable biomaterials have been explored by the biomedical community for their intrinsic physiological relevance, desirable biocompatibility, intermediate degradation rate, tuneable mechanical properties and pro‐regeneration properties. Since pure Zn does not exhibit sufficient mechanical properties for orthopedic applications, various Zn alloys with better properties are being developed. In this work, the combined effect of minor Fe addition to Zn and a polyethyleneglycol (PEG) coating on the surface morphology, degradation, cytotoxicity and mechanical properties of Zn‐based materials was studied. There are several studies regarding the influence of the production of Zn alloys, but the effect of polymer coating on the properties of Zn‐based materials has not been reported yet. A positive effect of Fe addition and polymer coating on the degradation rate and mechanical properties was observed. However, a reduction in biocompatibility was also detected.


Image scanned form the original photograph in 2014 by Taylor Jackson, class of 2015. Uploaded to DLynx by RSA Emily Jordan, class of 2015.


Abstract From the late nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century, Cape Verdean immigrants to Dakar, colonial capital of French West Africa, became a small but important community in terms of significance in both the urban economy and the colonial framework of race and identity. They occupied important labor niches valuable to the colonizer such as painting and domestic work and attached those fields to a unique identity to which only they belonged. Able to capitalize on the ambiguity inherent to colonial race and identity policies, Cape Verdeans bridged categories common to state policies – particularly "foreign" and "native" – in ways not adequately captured by the concept of intermediaries often employed in examinations of immigrant populations to West Africa. Their insertion in Dakar reveals the permeability of such colonial concepts as well as the opportunities immigrants made in town.


The microstictus species-group is defined by having a latero-apical filament at the ventral ramus of the aedeagus. Thirteen new species are described and illustrated: Dissomphalus balteus, D. divaricatus, D. forceps, D. incurvatus, D. osseus, D. paululus, D. perparvus, D. perturbatus, D. perventriosus, D. pilus, D. refertus, D. signatus and D. uncus. Features of the basal portion of the dorsal body of the male genitalia are defined and described for the first time, including the basal bar, the connector and the basal plate. A key to the species of the microstictus species-group is included. A mating pair of D. uncus collected in copula is recorded and the female is described.


Temporal coupled mode theory (CMT) has so far been applied phenomenologically in the analysis of optical cavity-waveguide structures, and relies on a priori knowledge of the to-be-excited resonator mode. Thus a rigorous derivation from Maxwell's equations, and without any prior knowledge of the resonator type is needed. In this paper we derive temporal CMT of optical cavities coupled to waveguides. Starting from Maxwell's equations and considering a proper expansion of the modes of the waveguide and resonator, and using mode orthogonality, the temporal CMT for this structure is obtained. We show that this formulation is general and can be applied to both traveling wave and standing wave type resonators. The results are validated against full-wave simulations.


With the quick development of Chinese economy,communications and negotiations with foreign businessmen become increasingly frequent. Spoken English for business plays a vital important role in the communications and negotiations.The teaching objective of spoken English for business is to promote students' ability to express.This article,in terms of context,cross-culture communication and the integration of resources,discusses how to promote the level of majors' English spoken ability for business.


The Braille letters or other relief can be formed in the matrix of holes filled by electroreological fluid the viscosity of which is controlled by electric field. If the holes are made in the fabric-based laminate plate, the electric field can be created by voltage applied to electrodes of plate. Relief can be formed using membrane covering the holes or using pins sliding in the holes. The mean electric field in the electroreological fluid using metallic pin is about 1,7 times stronger and using dielectric pin is about 1,25 times stronger than in the hole with membrane for the same voltage between the electrodes. The mean electric field increases especially in the array near the electrodes using metallic pin. The mean electric field is stronger about 3 times than in the hole without the pin in the points which are not longer than 0,25 of height of hole at top and bottom of hole. The strength of electric field increases if the permittivity of electroreological field decreases or relation between radii of pine and hole increases for the same voltage between the electrodes. Ill. 7, bibl. 3. (in English; summaries in Lithuanian, English and Russian).


Generally, dams are designed to serve the society for 100 years or more. They are used for irrigation, water supply, hydropower and flood control. The failure of such structures may cause human and economic loss.There are many causes of dam failures such as earthquake, overtopping, sliding, flow erosion, slope protection damage, embankment and/or foundation leakage and piping, deformation, deterioration, faulty construction and gate failures.In this paper, the main attention is devoted to the effect of earthquake shaking on concrete face rock fill dams. The aim of this study is to review the methods used to analyse the behaviour of the concrete face rock fill dams under seismic shaking, in particular the behaviour of the concrete face slab. Indian Geotechnical Conference – 2010, GEOtrendz December 16–18, 2010 IGS Mumbai Chapter & IIT Bombay


Rangelands are Earth's dominant land cover and are important providers of ecosystem services. Reliance on rangelands is projected to grow, thus understanding the sensitivity of rangelands to future climates is essential. We used a new ecosystem model of moderate complexity that allows, for the first time, to quantify global changes expected in rangelands under future climates. The mean global annual net primary production (NPP) may decline by 10 g C m−2 year−1 in 2050 under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, but herbaceous NPP is projected to increase slightly (i.e., average of 3 g C m−2 year−1). Responses vary substantially from place‐to‐place, with large increases in annual productivity projected in northern regions (e.g., a 21% increase in productivity in the US and Canada) and large declines in western Africa (−46% in sub‐Saharan western Africa) and Australia (−17%). Soil organic carbon is projected to increase in Australia (9%), the Middle East (14%), and central Asia (16%) and decline in many African savannas (e.g., −18% in sub‐Saharan western Africa). Livestock are projected to decline 7.5 to 9.6%, an economic loss of from $9.7 to $12.6 billion. Our results suggest that forage production in Africa is sensitive to changes in climate, which will have substantial impacts on the livelihoods of the more than 180 million people who raise livestock on those rangelands. Our approach and the simulation tool presented here offer considerable potential for forecasting future conditions, highlight regions of concern, and support analyses where costs and benefits of adaptations and policies may be quantified. Otherwise, the technical options and policy and enabling environment that are needed to facilitate widespread adaptation may be very difficult to elucidate.


What is the central question of this study? What are the autonomic and vascular components of the baroreflex during hypotension following different exercise intensities in adolescents? What is the main finding and its importance? Hypotension after high‐intensity exercise lasted 60 min, whereas following moderate‐intensity exercise, blood pressure was restored after 20 min. Stroke volume and peripheral resistance responses were different between intensities. Post both exercise intensities, baroreflex sensitivity was lowered mainly due to the autonomic component, which returned to baseline 60 min post‐exercise. The different haemodynamic stimuli indicate potential differences in cardiovascular health benefits of exercise intensity in healthy adolescents.


A good oral health is the state of mouth free of any disease affecting the oral cavity and its surrounding structures; oral health has remained as an integral part of individual's general health and overall well-being. The study was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of planned teaching programme (PTP) on knowledge and practice regarding oral hygiene, among primary school children at selected schools of Kolhapur. Probability, Systematic random sampling technique was used to collect 60 samples. The study followed a quantitative evaluative survey approach with Pre experimental, one group pretest & posttest research design The data was collected by using selected socio demographic variables, structured knowledge questionnaire and structured observational checklist regarding oral hygiene. A PTP was administered to the samples after the pretest and a post test was conducted 7 days after administration of PTP. The result showed that, out of 60primary school children, In pretest majority of the participants 48 (80%) had average knowledge and 11 (18.34%) participants had poor knowledge and only 01(1.66%) participant had good knowledge, where as in posttest 46 (76.67%) participants had good knowledge, 14 (23.33%) participants had average knowledge and none of the participant had poor knowledge. In pretest, majority of the participants 53 (88.34%) showed fair practice and 07 (11.66%) participants had showed poor practice and none of the participants showed good practice, where as in posttest, 44 (73.34%) participants showed good practice and 16 (26.66%) participants had showed fair practice and none of the participant showed poor practice. The calculated paired't' value (tcal = 15.66) was greater than tabulated value (ttab= 2.00). This indicated that the gain in knowledge score was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. The PTP on oral hygiene was effective in increasing the knowledge regarding oral hygiene among primary school children. The calculated paired 't' value (tcal = 20.83) was greater than tabulated value ((ttab = 2.00). This indicated that the gain in knowledge score was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. The PTP on oral hygiene was effective in increasing the practice regarding oral hygiene among primary school children. The calculated Karl Pearson's correlation value was (tcal=0.93). This indicated that correlation between knowledge and practice score was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. Therefore the findings revealed that there was a strong positive correlation between knowledge and practice regarding oral hygiene among primary school children. This proved that knowledge and practice was correlated to each other. When knowledge increased simultaneously practice also increased. There was significant association between pretest practice scores and selected socio-demographic variable like education of the father [χ2cal= 3.91, χ2tab= 3.84]. The calculated Chi-square value was higher than the tabulated value. This indicated that there was significant association between pretest practice scores and selected socio-demographic variables at 0.05 level of significance. This study findings revealed that the primary school children mostly had poor knowledge and practice in pretest whereas in posttest primary school children mostly had good and average knowledge and good and fair practice regarding oral hygiene. Hence, the planned teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge and practice among primary school children regarding oral hygiene.


The presence and evolutionary timescales of circumstellar disks surrounding solar-type premain-sequence stars are studied using excess IR radiation above photospheric levels. The analysis is based on optical photometry, published near-IR fluxes, IRAS fluxes, and 10-micron flux measurements of 20 stars in Taurus-Auriga obtained with the NASA IR telescope facility. About half of the stars with ages less than 3 Myr show excess 2.2 and 10 micron emission, consistent with emission from optically thick disks extending inward to the stellar surface. At ages of about 10 Myr, less than 10 percent of the sample stars show evidence of dust emission from optically thick disks. It is concluded that the timescale over which disks survive as IR-luminous, optically thick structures is less than 10 Myr. Also, evidence for inner holes in premain-sequence stars surrounded by optically thick disks is discussed. 18 refs.


immigration affects the outcomes of immigrants themselves and their descendants, an aspect that, in my view, is often overlooked in social science research as well as in political debate. Another remarkable feature of the book is that it exhaustively accounts for the relationship between illegal migration and poverty. This link is covered in a realistic and convincing manner by carefully discussing potential alternative interpretations of the various analyses and the caveats related to data limitations. Furthermore, the analysis of illegal migration is certainly timely, given the fervent debate about providing a pathway to citizenship for 11 million undocumented immigrants. The structure of the book is perhaps unusual in that it brings together the work of scholars from various disciplines, including economics, sociology, and geography. Without doubt, this volume strongly exemplifies the advantages of a multidisciplinary approach whenever complex and multifaceted topics—such as migration and poverty—require investigation from various angles. The introductory chapter by the editors does an excellent job of providing a compact and homogeneous outline of the book, as well as connecting the findings from the various parts. Most of the core chapters report descriptive statistics and graphs that are easily interpretable for a broad readership. Technical material such as equations is usually relegated to appendices, without distracting the average reader who is arguably more interested in simple statistics and nontechnical arguments. What I feel is lacking is a conclusive chapter providing an overall summary and outlook based on the interesting, but numerous, findings. Nonetheless, this valuable book is pleasant to read and contains much "food for thought" for researchers and policymakers. Immigration, Poverty, and Socioeconomic Inequality is also a suitable tool for supporting the teaching of migration courses across all social sciences.


Aging is a natural process of the human body. To reduce the signs, several compounds are used that promote the improvement of facial contours, including collagen biostimulators, which act by improving wrinkles, expression lines and facial flaccidity (facial lifiting). Twenty-four scientific articles were used, which fit the following words 'poly-l-lactico', 'radiesse', 'elanse', 'face', and 'rejuvenation', from the platforms PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs in exclusion criteria of 10 years. Sculpra, Ellansé and Radiesse, the main biostimulators in the Brazilian market were presented and also the main characteristics of each one were shown, such as history of the compound, function, action in the organism, method of application, contraindication and adverse reactions and their differences, which guide the choice of material by the professional. The search for aesthetic, non-invasive procedures, in order to circumvent the signs of aging, has been gradually increasing, with this, so we observe the therapy with collagen biostimulators in the Brazilian market, whose main types are Sculpra, Radiesse and Ellansé, which act by stimulating collagen synthesis, and that have all their particularities.


The risk of therapy with interferon and Ribavarin has been reported, such as: dominated by fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, hematologic abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric symptoms [1,2], but the risk of breast carcinoma of therapy with interferon and Ribavarin has not been seen.


Citation: Nyarko, M. O., Fobiri, G. K., Schall, M., Asare, T. O., Seini Yussif, A. (2021). Maslow's theory of needs as a spice in conceptual textile surface designing. IDA: International Design and Art Journal, 3(2), 234-245. Abstract African prints are given strategical names by market women in Ghana to sell the products. This is because the people cherish symbolism and admire prints backed by philosophies. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been a source of inspiration for researchers over the years. Although, the famous model has been explored in many disciplines by scholars to obtain substantial results, the area of conceptual textiles surface designing is seemingly not addressed. The study is aimed at juxtaposing textile surface designs with philosophies to stir up the creative abilities of textile surface designers as well as the Ghanaian textile printing industries to meet the demands of the market. It explores Maslow's hierarchy of needs with the Art studio-based research method in conceptual textile surface designing. Five conceptual textiles surface designs were created at the studio after a market survey to reflect the various levels on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The results show that philosophies are key factors in the patronage of textile prints in the Ghanaian setting. Incorporation of philosophies in textile surface designs would add more value to the locally made prints. It is therefore recommended that the local textile printing industries would embrace conceptual textile surface designing in their creations to catch the attention of the natives.


Equal Access is one of the most appealing and least contentious regulatory techniques in law's repertoire. It aspires to give people even opportunity to utilize certain primary goods, and it does so by assuring openness — that access to these goods is not distorted by wealth or by privilege. But equal access often fails, because access and its benefits are deployed disproportionately by elites, yet paid for directly or indirectly by weaker groups. This article demonstrates the unintended and regressive cross-subsidy created by policies of access to information, compensation, insurance, and accommodations. It then examines the debate over access to courts, and the effect of mandatory arbitration agreements that limit such access. It demonstrates that access to courts is a benefit to the elite and of little value to weak consumers. Finally, it considers the effect of arbitration clauses on class actions, and whether weak consumers are potentially the indirect beneficiaries of class action litigation. This argument has theoretical merit, but it, too, is limited in ways that are often unappreciated.


Objective To evaluate the effect and toxic reaction of radiation for bronchial stump recurrence of non-small-cell lung cancer after complete resection.Methods 21 NCLC patients with bronchial stump recurrence were treated with radiation therapy. 19 patients were treated with external radiotherapy and the prescribed dose was 44~68 Gy in 22~34 fractions 5~7 weeks. 2 patients were treated with endobronchial brachytherapy.Results Seven of 21 (33.3%) patients showed a complete response,and 9 of 21(42.9%) patients showed a partial response.The symptoms response rate was 81.0%.Median survival time for all 21 patients is 22 months,and overall 1-year,3-year,5-year survival rates were 66.7%、23.8%、14.2%,respectively.7 patients died from distant metastasis and 10 patients died from locoregional relapse. 5 patients with mediastinal lymph nodes died within 6 months after treatment. Conclusion Raditherapy is an effective and safe tool in the treatment of bronchial stump recurrent NCLC after curative resection. The toxic reactions can standed.Long survival could be expected only if there were no metastases in the mediastinal lymph nodes.


Purpose Although metformin and sildenafil can protect various organs against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries, their effects and mechanisms of action in bladder I/R injuries remain unknown. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of action of metformin and sildenafil against bladder I/R insults in rats. Methods One hundred male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each of which contained 20 rats: a sham-operated group, a bladder I/R group, and bladder I/R groups treated with metformin, sildenafil, or both agents. Ischemia was induced by clamping the bilateral common iliac arteries with atraumatic vascular clamps for 2 hours, followed by reperfusion for 7 days. During this period, rats were injected once daily with 4-mg/kg metformin and/or 1-mg/kg sildenafil. Results I/R injuries induced increased malondialdehyde levels and myeloperoxidase activity and decreased superoxide dismutase activity. These changes were attenuated by treatment with metformin and/or sildenafil. The I/R group had significantly higher Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Bax, caspase-3, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) levels, and lower extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Bcl-2 levels in the bladder than the sham-operated group; these changes were significantly ameliorated by metformin and/or sildenafil treatment. No differences in the levels of these markers were observed between rats coadministered metformin and sildenafil and those treated with either agent alone. Conclusions Metformin and sildenafil protected the rat bladder against I/R injuries. This effect may have been due to the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production through MAPK, Bax, and Bcl-2 activation, and the restoration of inflammation through NF-κB inhibition. However, the combination of metformin and sildenafil was not more effective than either agent alone.


An original approach for the formation of an exchange bias system is presented. Alternative to surface oxidation or deposition for the formation of Co/CoO bilayer exchange bias systems, implantation of oxygen ions into Co films is applied. The implantation results in the formation of CoxOy embedded in a Co matrix. Comparison with noble gas implantation unambiguously demonstrates that the observed exchange bias effect is induced by the implanted oxygen. Opposed to bilayers formed by surface oxidation, the implantation results in a different morphology of the interface between Co and CoxOy and also gives rise to a radically different magnetization reversal mechanism.


Due to the joint polycondensation of diphenyloxide with furfural, a new polymer is obtained which has been used as a polymer matrix for the introduction of ionic groups. By methods of chemical analysis together with infrared spectroscopy, potentiometric titration mechanisms of polymer formation and its structure are studied. Based on phosphorylation of diphenyloxide-furfural polymer, new phosphate cation exchanger is obtained which differs by chemical, thermal, radiation resistance and mechanical strength. Optimal conditions for producing phosphate cation are under study. It is found that the resultant polyfunctional phosphate cation exchanger contains phosphinic-acid and phosphonic-acid groups which dissociate under mildly acidic, neutral and alkaline environment. The structure and properties of the obtained phosphate cationare investigated using chemical analysis methods in combination with IR spectroscopy, potentiometers, photocalorimetry, thermogravimetry, and others. The possibility of producing cation exchanger containing phosphoric acid groups is set. It is investigated and found that the resulting phosphate cation exchanger is characterized by high resistance to thermal, chemical resistance to water, aqueous solutions of alkalis and acids. The change of basic properties and the structure of obtaining phosphate cation exchanger is studied under the influence of γ-radiationСо60in water and in the air.It was found that on irradiation dose of 500 ren / sec at 25°C, phosphate cation exchanger is resistant to radiation. It is shown that ions of copper, nickel, and phosphate uranyl cation are sorbed by ion exchange, complex formation and partly through the formation of a coordination bond with the cation of the ionic group. The article includes introductions, goals and objectives, methods, results, the conclusion.


On the basis of research on process mineralogy characteristics and separation experiment,a pilot test is conducted on a vanadium-containing titanomagnetite ore(TFe40.74%,TiO226.11%,V2O50.29%).An iron(vanadium) concentrate is obtained with the yield of 67.80%,the grade TFe of 45.70% and 31.75 of TiO2 and 0.323 % of V2O5 and recoveries of TFe,TiO2 and V2O5 are 75.98%,84.80% and 76.41%.A high titanium slag of the grade TiO2 of 85% and a metallic iron product of metallization rate of 90% are obtained,by grinding and separating the grinding after reducing roasting on the concentrate.The titanium and iron are fully utilized from the resource.


In order to avoid the offshore platform seawater system were polluted by marine microorganisms,so some anti-sea biological devices were used in offshore platform widely,and the sodium hypochlorite generator is a commonly used device.This paper introduces the principle and characteristics of the sodium hypochlorite anti-sea biological device,summarized some key design features of sodium hypochlorite generator.


In this paper, we propose to enhance the original Random Forest algorithm by introducing probabilistic nodes. Platt Scaling is used to interpret the decision of each node as a probability and was initially developed for calibrating Support Vector Machines. Nowadays it is used to calibrate the output probabilities of decision trees, boosted trees or Random Forest classifiers. In comparison to these approaches, we integrate the Platt Scaling calibration method into the decision process of every node within the ensemble of decision trees. Regarding the original Random Forest, the nodes serve as a guide to predict the path through the tree until reaching a leaf node. In this paper, we interpret the decision as a probability and incorporate more information into the decision process. The proposed approach is evaluated using two well-known machine learning datasets as well as object recognition datasets.


The difficult word G1sbanza(n)is found in two different contexts. First, it appears in the Hittite laws, where it has traditionally been understood as a cutting implement. Second, it is used in a ritual context, where it appears in a list of wooden house parts. I offer another interpretation, namely that G1sbanza(n)is a type of horizontal wooden beam, an interpretation which brings together these two apparently irreconcilable contexts. I will begin with a review of the previous interpretations of the term', followed by a discussion of the difficulties they entail, and then present this new solution. Hoffner, in his recent edition of the Hittite laws, reconstructs and translates § 144/*33 of the Hittite laws as follows: (11) tdk-ku TUG.SIG G1sba-an-za-n[i-it? ku-is-ki tub-sa-ri] (12) 10 GIN.GIN KU.BABBARpa-a-i t[dk-ku ... ] (13) ku-is-ki tub-sa-ri [5 GIN .GIN KU .BABBAR pa-a-i] "If anyone cuts fine cloth with a banzan-, he shall pay 10 shekels of silver. If anyone cuts [ ... J, he shall pay 5 shekels of silver".


Digital Content and Media Sciences Research Division School of Multidisciplinary Sciences Doctor of Philosophy Analysis of the Formality of Text and its Impact on Pharmacovigilance Systems by Néstor Álvaro Gradillas This thesis aims to answer the question of whether drug use reports obtained from formal and informal sources have noticeable differences in their formality, and also assess whether these differences in the formality can provide gains to pharmacovigilance systems. Working towards these goals we made three clear contributions that are the development of new resources, i.e. corpora, to perform our studies, a linguistic analysis of the differences between formal and informal pharmacovigilance reports, and an assessment on the impact of the register-related features in pharmacovigilance systems. The first contribution is motivated after finding that there is no repository meeting our requirements, this is, a data set composed of sentences retrieved from academic texts and from social media messages that contain reports on the use of a closed set of drugs that could be used in our linguistic study to provide our second contribution. Our second contribution focuses on the linguistic register where we explore it by using a well established method (Multidimensional analysis) from the area of linguistics that is known for being used to evaluate differences in the formality of texts. By using the multidimensional analysis (MD) proposed by Biber we are able to study the register from a more inclusive point of view as this method does not only account for a set of traits, but it also characterizes the texts using different combinations of the studied features so that other elements such as the "abstractness" or the "narrativeness" of the texts are assessed. The assessment on the differences between generic tweets and drug-related tweets shows that even if both of them belong in the same type of register Biber's schema is able to capture the differences and helps in telling apart the drug use reports due to their higher level of informativeness. Similarly, an analysis comparing the set of drug-related tweets and the corpus of PubMed sentences shows that the academic texts have more traits of "Information Productions", proving that the MD analysis can capture those characteristics. For our third contribution we use a set of features able to capture differences in the register and explore the power of those features in drug safety systems. For that we prepare four different binary classifiers for the tasks of detecting sentences containing first-hand experience reports on the drug use, sentences containing beneficial outcomes, sentences containing negative outcomes and sentences containing any type of outcome (positive or negative) related to the drug use. We also build a named entity recognition (NER) system to detect the mentions of drugs and diseases and symptoms. Those systems also explore additional set of features that MD analysis did not assess, but which are known to carry important formality information. Those experiments show that for the set of assessed classifiers using PubMed texts the use of Biber features, the use of custom expansion to those features, nor the use of our set of Politeness features can beat the other configurations of the classifiers that do not include such registerrelated information. We can see, though, that the two of the classifiers for Twitter data do benefit from the use of our custom set of Biber features and from the use of our set of Politeness features as those two sets of features provide significant gains to the baseline system. On the other hand, when evaluating NER systems targeting at the identification of drugs and symptoms and diseases we saw that the set of Politeness features combined with the baseline and word2vec features scored the best result in both PubMed and Twitter data sets, showing that these features can contribute to pharmacovigilance systems.


Greeks and their philosophy have allowed many scientific discoveries. The Greeks thus tried to define the mind, speaking about monads, these living parts of the body and plants. The Monadology of Leibniz continues the Greeks's philosophy. Leibniz, a seventeenth century's scientist, quickly understood that the Greeks and Chinese were the best philosophers compared to other civilizations. Indeed, our education teaches us to dissociate, to put in boxes. Only philosophy, which could be used in (...)


Eight cases of malunited Monteggia fracture dislocation in children were seen during 6 years, treated by open reduction of the radial head and its stabilization using a transarticular 'K' wire fixation to the capitulum. An ulnar osteotomy to undo its malalignment was found to be mandatory and was routinely performed at the same sitting as an adjunct to the open reduction. The overall end result was found to be very encouraging. Elbow in 7 children became almost normal. However, the deformity recurred in the only case whose radial head was not fixed internally. The reconstruction of the annular ligament was considered to be unnecessary for the long term stability of the radial head.


The leakage past the tooth flanks of the gears in transition contacts in involute external toothed gear pump is analyzed in details using CFD in Fluent®. Analytical results support the experimentally visualized flow patterns [1]. Extending the approach of an earlier investigation [2] more rigorous analyses are carried out considering actual gear data of a pump and a full cycle of contact. However, the relieve groove and cavitation are not considered. The basic purpose is to establish the flow pattern analyses using CFD in Fluent-Ansys® environment. The beginning and the end of entrapment, squeezing of fluid, pressure build up, separation and generation of gap at the active contact and instantaneous flow through the gap are estimated meticulously.Copyright © 2017 by ASME


The aim of this paper is to compare South Korea`s ``punctuation revised bill``(2013) and North Korea`s ``punctuation marks``(2010). The current punctuation marks of South and North Korea is different in it`s names, forms, usages. The names of punctuation marks is matched only in ``Muleumpyo(?), Neukkimpyo(!), Mulgyeolpyo(~), Sumgimpyo(××, ○○, etc), Julimpyo(…, ……, etc.)``. The forms of punctuation marks is different in " "/《 》, ' '/〈 〉, ˙, °/......, ××, ○○/×××, □□□, ○○○, etc., ……(…, ...)/…, ……, ………. The usages of punctuation marks is many different from each other because it was expanding largely the usage of punctuation in ``punctuation revised bill``(2013)


A transaction may affect the taxpayer's federal tax liability for both the current period and subsequent periods. No difficulty arises if the taxpayer treats the transaction consistently over the periods. However, significant tax distortions are possible if the taxpayer's characterization of the transaction varies from period to period. A recharacterization may be particularly troublesome if the statute of limitations has expired, and the first period is not open to correction at the time the inconsistent representation is made.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by high plasma glucose resulting from a dynamic interaction between defects in insulin secretion and insulin action. KATP channel plays a role in depolarization-response coupling and its genetic defects are associated with impaired insulin secretion. In normal person, pancreatic p cells in the presence of >5.5 mM glucose will be depolarized and release insulin. The increase in carbohydrate metabolism leads to an increase in the ratio of ATP/ ADP that leads to the closure of the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels followed by depolarization. The membrane depolarization leads to the activation of voltage-dependent Ca 2 + channels. The Ca 2 + ion influx activates Ca 2 + - regulated exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory granules to fuse with the plasma membrane. The mechanism of depolarization response coupling is maintained by: (I) The Na+-K+-ATPase pump and open KATP channels maintain the resting membrane potential. (2) KATP channels close as a consequence of the increase in ATP/ADP ratio. (3) A depolarization of the cell membrane leads to the activation of voltage-dependent Ca 2 + channels. ( 4) The ensuing rise in the free intracellular concentration of Ca 2 + ([Ca 2 +];) initiates the release of insulin by exocytosis.


Determination of effective composite properties for a real distribution of piezoelectric particles in cement matrix is considered using a representative volume element. The scaled boundary finite element method is proposed to analyse cement-based piezoelectric ceramic composites. Quadtree hierarchical meshing structure is utilized to provide a mesh that captures the material variation in the representative volume element effectively based on the colour of the piezoelectric composite's image. Analyses with carefully selected boundary conditions are performed to obtain the effective material properties of various samples.


Under controlled conditions the bleeding time test is a valuable screening test for primary hemostasis (1). The template method has been recommended as the method of choice (2), and Simplate is a commercial. bleeding time device working according to this principle (3). In a recent letter to Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Macherel and coworkers questioned the standardization of this device (4). The authors noted that different lots of Simplate contained differently sized springs, giving a high variation in ejection force with a profound effect on the measured bleeding time; i.e. an almost 4 times higher ejection force on average resulted in a 3 times longer bleeding time. The design of the Simplate, however, is such that the ejection force has no effect on the blade protrusion, which is 1 mm. One aspect that might have been ignored by the authors is the effect of pressure. It has been recommended earlier that caution must be taken to apply as little pressure as possible when placing the device on the forearm (1, 2). This is also deary indicated in the package insert of Simplate. Because the dermis is pliable, variations in the pressure applied may lead to variations in penetration. To release the blade in the devices with the high ejection force, more force is needed on the trigger. Due to this the operator may press the whole device down harder on the skin. The conclusion of Macherel et al. that part of the inadequate standardization of bleeding time determinations may be due to a lack of standardization of the bleeding time devices themselves, is therefore only partly true. Nevertheless it is our opinion that possible operator and pressure variations can be minimized by a better standardized ejection force, and measures have been taken to improve this with Simplate. In fact the reported variation only existed with lots produced in Germany. In mid 1990 this production has been stopped and since then all Simplate bleeding time devices for worldwide distribution are manufactured in the U.S. A., with a controlled ejection force. Only one kind of spring is used and lot to lot variation is minimal. Typical value is 220 ± 35 g ejection force (mean± SD, 10 lots), and normal bleeding times are not deviant from those reported earlier (1, 3). It is known that many variables can influence the bleeding time test (1, 2). Therefore recommendations have been made for use of standardized devices (2). We conclude that Simplate is such a standardized device.


Plato is known to have given only one public lecture, called "On the Good." We have one highly reliable quotation from Plato himself, stating his doctrine that "the Good is one." The lecture was a set of ideas that existed as an historical event but is now lost—and it dealt with ideas of supreme importance, in brief form, by the greatest of philosophers. Any reading of the lecture is speculative. My approach is philosophical rather than historiographic. The liminal existence of the lecture is taken as an exemplar of the retrieval of what is lost in historical time. Through the lecture-event I examine several major schools of Platonic interpretation—the esotercists of the 1950's, and after, and Hans-Georg Gadamer and the "aporetic" reading—and reject most of it. My method is to establish in tandem an explanation of the lecture doctrine, especially by a reading of issue of normative ethics in the Philebus, and an account of how we are to understand Plato's way of teaching. Plato affirms the existence of the Good itself and was concerned with explaining its relation to persons as moral agents, which includes teaching, amidst the determinants of moral life and in transmission across time. The tension between universal good and plural goods suggests a fruitful relationship between normative ethics and historical theory. I apply this especially to the viability of intellectual history, to material culture studues, and to our understanding of the way in which history "lives." For this I suggest "a moral turn" in historiography in support of cultural theory.


Hyperuricemia is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but association of actual gout attacks with CVD is controversial. Because


For more than a decade, the Department of Educational Administration (now Educational Policy Studies) at the University of Alberta, Canada, has been involved in the development and instructional use of computer-based simulations of the school principalship. The success of the simulations as an instructional tool has been attributed to theirability to "invite " students to suspend disbelief and thus to engage in the simulations as though they were real work. Recent developments, taking advantage of advances in technology and informed by experience with the simulations, have focused on further enhancements to this aspect of the simulations.


The use of new interconnection technologies to address the interconnect problem encountered in massively parallel computing are discussed. Emphasis is given to a new approach in which the computational units are stacked in the third dimension rather than spread out horizontally on a board. The average interconnect length decreases significantly, resulting in large reduction in system power consumption due to much lower parasitic impedances. Another advantage of shorter interconnects lies in reduced interconnect delays, alleviating problems associated with memory-access/logic-cycle-time discrepancies. This three-dimensional architecture uses wafer-scale integration for each of the planes, eliminating costly and space-consuming packaging at both the chip and board levels.


From the viewpoint of experimental workers, slow relaxations are аЬ normally (i.e. unexpected) slow transition processes. The time of а transition process is determined ав that of the transition from the initial state to the limit (t --+ (0) regime. The limit regime itself сап Ье а steady state, а limit cycle (а self-oscillation process), а strange attractor (stochastic self-oscillation), etc. Inevitably, the "limit" regime of the process is observed in experiments with finite accuracy. It is possible that the experiment was too short in time, and if the period of this experiment is sufficiently long, the regime would change considerably. Strictly speaking the limit transition t -> 00 holds only for а mathematical model. Similarly, the achievement of the limit regime (the end of the transition process) is only determined with finite accuracy. This circumstance will Ье used constantly in what follows. The most difficult problem is the adequate determination ofthe "abnormаНу" (i.e. unexpected) slow transition process. For this purpose, we must imagine the simplest system of expectations. It is based оп the hypotheses about reaction mechanisms. А catalytic reaction is represented ав а сот bination of elementary steps (see Chap. 3). We admit воте hypotheses concerning values ofthe corresponding rate coefficients. Typical concentrations of gas-phase substances and of surface compounds are also assumed to Ье known. One сап also introduce а concept ofthe characteristic time of а step. For example, the characteristic time for the step А +± В сап Ье determined ав l/(k+ + k-), where k+ and kare the rate constants for the direct and reverse reactions. For the reaction А + В -> С one сап introduce two characteristic times: l/kCA and l/kCB , where СА and СВ are the characteristic concentrations of А and В. Hence, as а rule, the researcb. worker has воте knowledge (воте hypothesis) about the base steps and their characteristic times. One refinement is necessary here. If а transition process is examined for the reactor as а whole, the equations of the steps include аН the reacting substances. If the transition process is examined only оп the surface, the equations of the steps contain only surface compounds, and the concentrations of gas-phase substances аге included in the rate constants. Let some transition process proceed much slower than might have been expected in terms of the hypotheses about characteri§tic times for the steps


17 Dispersion-strengthened molybdenum-rhenium alloys for vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) fabrication of high-temperature-resistant components are undergoing development. In comparison with otherwise equivalent non-dispersion-strengthened Mo-Re alloys, these alloys have improved hightemperature properties. Examples of VPS-fabricated high-temperature-resistant components for which these alloys are expected to be suitable include parts of aircraft and spacecraft engines, furnaces, and nuclear power plants; wear coatings; sputtering targets; x-ray targets; heat pipes in which liquid metals are used as working fluids; and heat exchangers in general. These alloys could also be useful as coating materials in some biomedical applications. The alloys consist of 60 weight percent Mo with 40 weight percent Re made from (1) blends of elemental Mo and Re powders or (2) Re-coated Mo particles that have been subjected to a proprietary powder-alloying-and-spheroidization process. For most of the dispersion-strengthening experiments performed thus far in this development effort, 0.4 volume percent of transitionmetal ceramic dispersoids were mixed into the feedstock powders. For one experiment, the proportion of dispersoid was 1 volume percent. In each case, the dispersoid consisted of either ZrN particles having sizes <45 μm, ZrO2 particles having sizes of about 1 μm, HfO2 particles having sizes <45 μm, or HfN particles having sizes <1 μm. These materials were chosen for evaluation on the basis of previously published thermodynamic stability data. For comparison, Mo-Re feedstock powders without dispersoids were also prepared. Tubular alloy specimens were fabricated by VPS onto rotating graphite mandrels as follows: In each case, the VPS chamber was evacuated, then the rotating graphite mandrel was preheated by the plasma spray gun. Once the desired preheat temperature was reached, one of the powders prepared as described above was made to flow to the gun, causing the alloy to be deposited on the mandrel. [A nearly idenImproved Mo-Re VPS Alloys for High-Temperature Uses Transition-metal ceramic dispersoids improve high-temperature properties. Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama


This paper discusses the linkage of value capture to product innovation and how to ensure the full profit potential is achieved for each incremental improvement or enhancement in a product.


In the modern market of feed and feed additives, a new trend has emerged - functional feeding complexes that heal fish, correct its metabolism, and increase productivity and quality of fish products. Such feed additives include "PRAVAD" polyvalent functional feed additive. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the new feed additive "PRAVAD" on parameters of fish antioxidant system. In order to accomplish this, two groups of sexually mature African catfish were formed. The first experimental group received PRAVAD feed supplement containing probiotics, adaptogens, essential amino acids and vitamins. It was used in addition to the main diet - "Som" feeds of LimKorm company. The control group, which was the second, received only LimKorm "Som" feed. Three months later, the content of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were examined. As for fish reared with application of "PRAVAD" polyvalent functional feed additive, the GSH level of males was two times higher than that of the fish of the control group. GST activity in the group of males and females fed with the feed additive was more than 30% higher than in fish of the control group. The obtained results indicate that application of "PRAVAD" polyvalent functional feed additive in the diet of African catfish is highly effective and leads to a decrease of the damaging effect of oxidative stress. This mechanism is realized by increase of glutathione level and glutathione-S-transferase activity, both of which increase resistance to free radical and peroxide processes.