There is provided a hand-operated pump, which is mounted on a cosmetic container. Supplying restoring force to the pumping process a compression spring is disposed outside the housing, so that the contents can be prevented from being contaminated, and effortless pump highly viscous contents thereof. Also, since the button is in the separated state, the compression spring is fixedly secured to the shaft, so that not only can easily assemble the pump, may be easily decomposed member (Be modular components), and even when the button is used to separate It can also prevent pump failure. Also, since the introduction hole to open and close the lower end of the housing through the switching element having a particular shape, it is possible to obtain a high sealing force and the pump pressure in the pumping process.


We describe a novel computationally efficient method for the fine-grained analysis of accessibility in multimodal (urban) transport systems. In contrast to existing work, we use a full-detail representation of the transport system, including exact timetables and complete maps of road, footpath and cycleway networks, which enables more accurate accessibility assessment. Compared to existing work, our approach also calculates a wider range of location- and time-dependent transport accessibility metrics, including service frequency and the number of transfers for public transport and physical effort and elevation gain for cycling. Because it employs efficient single-origin multiple-destination shortest-path graph search techniques, our method is also faster than existing approaches relying on point-to-point search algorithms. We demonstrate our method on the city of Prague, showing the interactive frontend for location accessibility analysis as well as the application of our algorithms for comparing the city-wide transport accessibility before and after large-scale timetable change.


A new ethanol capillary biosensor(ECB) for the determination of ethanol in tequila has been proposed based on ADH and NADH oxidation-reduction system.Ethanol concentration was determined by using the ECB at 350 nm of excited wavelength and at 459 nm of emission wavelength.The linear range ECB is 2.0~15.0 g/L,r0.9958,its detection limit is 1.11 g/L,RSD is less than 2.3 %,and sample volume is 10 L.ECB has the advantages such as good reproducibility,lower cost,simple to operation,and it can realize micro and rapid determination.ECB can be made of a test kit for detecting the samples containing alcohol.


If a quantummechanical potential is introduced the calculation of the quantummechanical binary distribution function for a system with Coulomb interaction is reduced to the well known mathematical formalism of classical mechanics in the case nλ3 ≪ 1. The two-particle quantummechanical potential is determined by the two particle Slater sum. In this paper we calculated the two particle Slater sum using a development according to e2 and the resolvent formalism. From the binary distribution function the correlation energy as well as the free energy were determined up to the order e4. Symmetry effects were taken into account.


Research subject. Brown diamond crystals from placers of the western slope of the Middle/Northern Urals. Aim. Study of the defect-impurity composition of a sample of brown diamonds from the placers of the western slope of the Middle/ Northern Urals. Methods. In this work, special attention is paid to the analysis of the characteristic spectroscopic features of defects in diamonds from the placers of the western slope of the Middle/Northern Urals using photoluminescence and IR spectroscopy. Results. The studied diamonds from placers of the Middle/Northern Urals are round isometric crystals of a dodecahedral (tetrahexahedral) habitus. According to the results of luminescence (PL) and infrared spectroscopy, three groups of crystals can be distinguished: (i) medium and high nitrogen crystals with low aggregation and dominant defects H3 and 490.7 nm in the PL spectra; (ii) medium and high nitrogen with high aggregation and the predominance of N3 defects in the PL spectra; (iii) low nitrogen with low aggregation and dominant S1 defects in the PL spectra. The first group is characterized by a green glow (excited 405 nm), the second and third groups are characterized by a blue and yellow glow, respectively. The blue glow of the studied crystals is primarily due to the presence of the N3V center. This defect appears as a result of the aggregation sequence of nitrogen impurities and corresponds to diamonds subjected to the highest temperature annealing (1100-1260°C). Diamonds containing the S1 center are characterized by a low content and aggregation of nitrogen compared to crystals of other groups. Group (i) diamond crystals, whose PL spectra are dominated by the H3 and 490.7 nm systems, have a more intense brown color. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that annealing at higher temperatures is responsible for the formation of N3V centers in highly aggregated diamonds. The low %B1 aggregation and nitrogen content are associated with the presence of a nitrogen getter (presumably titanium) in the S1 center. An intense brown color appears in the group of diamonds with dominant systems A, H3 and 490.7 nm, which indicates a possible relationship between nitrogen and the corresponding optical absorption.


The characters of Chinese intellectuals are quite different from those of the West. Because the intellectuals in the Han Dynasty are ruled by the imperial system, their characters take special bearings. An analysis is made to the "Elite Literature" in this paper to reveal the unprecedented suppression that they received in their ideals and ambitions under the Han imperial system. The reasons for their active life attitude and strong sense of responsibility are explained with detailed investigation made into the political ideals and unique individuality of the Han Confucian intellectuals.


There have been several papers published on PBGA Cu-Ni-Sn joint separations in which the phenomena has yet to be fully understood. Failure analysis on an open solder joint indicating the separation occurred at the intermetallic layer is not sufficient to warrant a corrective action or a fix as the root cause is not known. The Cu-Ni-Sn joint separations reported normally occur at the inner ring solder balls or solderballs near the center of the PBGA. The application of finite elemental analysis on modelling the stresses seen by a PCB mounted device, was not able to correlate the position of solder balls with high stresses to the inner ring of solder balls. Experiments also indicated that joint separation may not be only on dependent on high concentration of ternary intermetallic formation at the solder pad interface, as suspected by various parties.


To build an accurate soft-sensor model of polypropylene melt index,a new method based on minimum maximum was studied.Single neural network model generalization capability could be significantly improved by using a number of different structures of BP neural network model and reasonable stacked neural network model.Proper determination of the stacking weights was essential for good performance,so determination of appropriate weights for combining individual networks using minimum maximum absolute prediction error was proposed.The results of melt index prediction demonstrated significant improvement in model accuracy and robustness,as compared to using a number of different structures neural network model.


Due to rapid urbanization, improved living standards, and climate change concerns, solid waste management has taken on a large dimension today. As a result, solid waste collection and transportation are considered one of the most critical elements of any solid waste management system, as these activities account for a significant fraction of management costs. Moreover, the concern for their efficiency has further increased with the emerging modern era, which has led the industry to make serious efforts to revolutionize the solid waste (SW) collection process, seeking sustainability and cost-effectiveness through advanced technologies and intelligent systems where Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have gained momentum by offering computational approaches as an alternative to solve SW management problems. Therefore, in this study, it is proposed to implement Machine Learning Techniques for the prediction of 4 critical variables in the urban solid waste (USW) collection process, such as total route time, kilometers traveled, number of compactions performed by the collection vehicles, and tons collected during the route. Eleven regression-based machine learning techniques are used through the application of 3 experiments. Results show that fully connected neural networks can predict mentioned variables with a correlation coefficient R2 higher than 0.7.


This paper reports on a new computer-aided method for the infrared camouflage effectiveness evaluation of a target based on its image saliency. The image saliency of a target was computed according to its background-related features, including intensity, contrast, gradient and orientation features in one real infrared image. On the basis of the former saliency value, the camouflage effectiveness value of a target was calculated quantitatively. The results clearly indicated that the target without infrared camouflage had a low camouflage effectiveness value, while a target with good infrared camouflage (the camouflage pattern patches of the target matched well with the background) had a high camouflage effectiveness value, which proved that this method could not only reflect the infrared camouflage effectiveness of a target in the corresponding background actually but also help us differentiate the camouflage quality of different materials quantitatively. This method should be of importance for us to evaluate the infrared camouflage effectiveness of a target more quickly and objectively with the help of computers, instead of human observations.


A useful tool for modelling behaviour in theoretical computer science is the concept of coalgebras. Coalgebras enable one to model execution of programs step by step using categorical structures and polynomial endofunctors. In our paper, we start with a short introduction of basic notions and we use this method for modelling structural operational semantics of a simple imperative language. MSC 2010: 16T15, 18A22, 18C50


The purpose in this article is to understand how recent Brazilian motion-picture productions have contributed to reinforce, in the country and abroad, the traditional and stereotyped images of Brazil or to construct a new imaginary, closer to the complex contemporary Brazilian reality. To that purpose, three films were selected, from three internationally creditable directors who used the city of Rio de Janeiro as background, and obtained repercussion in the national and international medias: Orfeu, Bossa Nova and Cidade de Deus.


The need of using telecommunications networks is driving develop to increasing a cellular technology. Cellular technology has reached the fifth-generation (5G) which is expected to be launched in 2020. 5G technology is predicted to use high frequencies, where high frequencies present a new challenge namely wave propagation attenuation problems that are affected by natural conditions such as barometric pressure, rain rate, humadity, and vegetation density. Differences from the shape of the earth's contours and natural conditions in each region require research to find the most appropriate channel model to be used in the region.The channel model is obtained based on the representative value of Power Delay Profile (PDP) simulation resul ts using the NYUSIM channel simulator. The frequency used is 28 GHz with a scenario under the influence of minimum and maximum barometric using environment parameters based on the city of Yogyakarta. PDP value is used to calculate the outage probability of channel capacity (C) is smaller than the coding rate (R) so that it indicates a failure of detection at the receiver based on the shannon theory. Outage probability is obtained by the cumulative distribution function of the capacity evaluated against the coding rate. Outage probability result in both scenarios are able to reach a point of 10-4, for coding rate ½ it needs 17.649883 dB, for coding rate ¾ it needs 20.020953 dB, dan coding rate 1 it needs 22 dB. This shows that barometric does not significantly influence the performance of the 5G communication system.


The hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma are mesenchymal neoplasms from the vascular endothelium, and the dog is the domestic animal more commonly affected. At the veterinary hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, we reviewed the files from the Animal Pathology Laboratory from 2002 to 2014. The epidemiological data and the frequency of dogs diagnosed with hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma were verified, correlated, and statistically tested. 64 cases of hemangioma and 128 cases of hemangiosarcoma were identified. For hemangiomas, there was no difference in frequency regarding sex and breed. The cutaneous hemangiomas were more frequent than visceral hemangiomas. Female dogs and adult animals were often affected by hemangiosarcoma, as well as the Pitbull breed. The hemangiosarcomas had been predominantly cutaneous and medium size tumour was the most frequent for this neoplasm. Keywords:  dog; neoplasm; vascular endothelium.


Objective To explore the characters of cognitive dysfunction for first-ever lacunar infarction (LI). Methods 136 first-ever diagnosed LI patients were evaluated with Alzheimer's disease assessment scale (ADAS) 72 h, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after attack. The scores were compared with the baseline and those of 76 normal control. Results Memory: during the first 72 h, significant difference was shown between the every location of LI (including the basal ganglia, corona radiate,frontal lobe, temporal lobe,parietal lobe, periventricular location, centrum semiovale, thalamus) and normal control (P0.05); but between the certain location of LI and that of normal control 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months after attack (P0.05). Language: there was significant difference between every location of LI and normal control 72 h, 2 weeks and 1 month after attack (P0.05), but between the certain location of LI and that of normal control 3 and 6 months after attack (P0.05). Practice: there was significant difference through every visit time point of all the LI patients compared with normal control (P0.05). Attention: Significant difference (P0.05) was found between every location LI patients and normal control 72 h after attack, but between certain location LI patients and normal control 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months after attack (P0.05). Orientation:LI was insufficient to cause to decline in orientation. Conclusion There are mild to severe cognitive dysfunctions in the first-ever diagnosed LI patients, which need pay attention to and intervene in time.


Ripe and unripe tomatoes have been implicated in pr evention of chronic diseases such as cancer probably due to their antioxidant, antibioti c, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. Problem statement: This study was designed to investigate whether ripe and unripe tomatoes will have hypoglycaemic effect in a chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus that has been characterized with hyperglycaemia. Approach: Twenty albino Wistar rats were divided into 4 group s (2 control and 2 test groups) of 5 rats each. The normal and diabe tic control groups were given citrate buffer (intraperitoneally) and normal rat chow and 65 mg k g -1 streptozotocin (intraperitoneally) and normal rat chow respectively. The test groups were given 6 5 mg kg -1 streptozotocin via intraperitoneal route and either a mixture of ripe or unripe tomato and norma l rat chow. In all groups, the blood samples were obtained at the tail vein of the animals and the fa sting blood glucose level were monitored and determined on the 1st, 3rd and 14th day of consumption of diff erent feed combinations. Results: There was significant difference in blood glucose level in an imals fed on ripe and unripe Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) compared to the normal and diabetic contro l groups on the 3rd and 14th day without significant difference on the 1st day. Conclusion: Both high-lycopene ripe tomato and high-tomatine unripe tomato have hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic mellitus at short period of dietary intake therefo re this suggest that consumers may benefit by not only eating high-lycopene ripe tomatoes, but also high- tomatine unripe tomatoes.


The newly-built library at Ireland's Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT) is innovative in design, responds to environmental conditions and identifies the campus with its location.


The state modeling theory is an effective approach of analyzing the dynamic behavior of the objects, the state diagram visually depicts the transferences between multiple states. CDT On-Line system is the basic component of CPCIMS which is used for collecting data deriving from equipments ,posts and barcodes. The paper models the CDT On-Line system using the state modeling approach based on the analysis of its infrastructure , in order to offer an exact requirement analysis and to assist the software design and the code production for CDT On-Line system.


/sup 237/Np Moessbauer spectroscopy in magnetic external fields up to 8 T and in the temperature range 1.5--160 K, demonstrates that NpO/sub 2/ remains paramagnetic well below T/sub c/ = 25 K. The specific-heat anomaly, the cusp in magnetic susceptibility, and the changes in the shape of the Moessbauer spectra observed at 25 K are attributed to a structural transition. Both the bulk susceptibility and the Moessbauer data can be satisfactorily reproduced under the assumption of an inhomogeneous compressional-expansional internal distortion of the oxygen sublattice. It is suggested that a magnetic ordering of NpO/sub 2/ is prevented (or at least depressed) by this competitive structural transition.


As the league prepares for its 20th season, the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) has experienced some highs and some lows. The purpose of this study was to understand spectator motivation and to assess new strategies that the league could use to better improve the overall product of the game itself. How can the WNBA expand its fan base to help generate enough revenue that can ensure the league can support itself financially? In order to better understand people's attitudes towards the WNBA, we conducted an online survey that we then submitted on social media for people to express their thoughts on what they liked about the league and what they would like to see implemented in the future. The results from our surveys (N=93) showed that the majority of our participants were satisfied with the overall product the WNBA has to offer (affordability and family-oriented atmosphere), yet, it still lacked a certain "excitement" factor that would make the participant want to personally watch or attend a game. We concluded that in order for the league to truly flourish and gain the recognition and financial success it deserves, league executives should consider incorporating new, innovative ideas that can breathe new life into the league for the next 20 years.


Defective delinquent boys have difficulty in adjusting to life on the training school campus and often become frustrated in their attempts to compete with peers. This article describes a program developed for defective delinquents by the MacLaren School for Boys. Initially, ten boys were transferred from the training school campus to a group foster home, located on a com bination farm and ranch, which provided opportunities for learn ing a variety of vocational skills. A remedial teacher gave aca demic instruction and directed craft and occupational therapy programs. The boys continued to receive professional services and supervision from the MacLaren staff. Results indicate that defective delinquents are able to adjust more adequately to this type of setting than to that of the training school. Progress was evident in both personal and social adjustment.


From the perspective of Synergetics and the dimension of knowledge sharing, this study adopts the theories and methods of empirical research to build a theoretical model of the relations between the factors influencing the knowledge sharing level within a conglomerate, its synergistic level, and its R & D performance, with the aim of improving the overall R & D performance of a conglomerate. Through the investigation into the R & D activities of the technology centers in the 8 sub-companies of Dongfeng Motor Corporation, the design of a measurement scale, and the application of the factor analysis method and the structural equation model, this study has verified the significant positive influences of strategic consensus, cultural integration, incentive mechanism, communication mechanism and knowledge-sharing platforms on the knowledge-sharing level within a conglomerate, the significant negative influence of confidentiality rules and regulations on the knowledge-sharing level within a conglomerate, the significant positive influences of knowledge-sharing level respectively on the R & D synergy and on the overall R & D performance of a conglomerate, and the significant positive influence of R & D synergy on the overall R & D performance of a conglomerate.


We get "The Input-output English-Teaching Model in the college" based on the college's real conditions. The action research is going on in this paper. Through designing questionnaire, processing data and educational experiment, the basis results are: in achievement aspect, the experimental classes are much better than the contrast class; As far as the lived experience of students are concerned, 85% of them agreed to this new English-teaching model.


literature of science teaching. In this volume the author brings together hitherto unavailable source material which will be invaluable to the teacher of elementary physical science or physical nature study. The subject-matter of the book is organized around toys and familiar home appliances. In many cases detailed directions are given for the construction of toys or references are given to other books in the series where directions may be found. The chief value of the book, however, lies in its presentation of the background which makes the principles and applications of science meaningful. The book includes a treatment of the following topics: "The Universe in Which We Live," "The Earth's Rock Foundations," "The Conquest of the Air," "Air and Water as Servants of Man," "The Sling, Bow, and Other Weapons," "Fire and Its Uses," "The Nature of Matter," "Steam and Gasoline Engines," "Discoveries in Magnetism and Electricity," "Electrical Inventions," "Radio Communication," "Devices for Seeing Better, Farther, and Longer," "Cameras and Picture-making," "The Home-made Orchestra," and "Some Simple Machines." The volume will be a boon to the inexperienced teacher of science, since it furnishes a wealth of supplementary material which contains answers to most of the questions which come up in connection with the class discussions. It should also be of great interest to the general reader because of its simple, non-technical account of modern discoveries and inventions in science. The major part of the book can be readily understood by the brighter pupils in the junior high school and can well be used as supplementary material in the science courses. WILBuR L. BEAUCHAMP


Nowadays it is obvious that speakers can be identified from their voices. In this work the details of speaker identification from the real-time system point of view are discussed. The speaker identification systems can be subdivided into text-dependent and text-independent methods. Text-dependent systems require the speaker to utter a specific phrase (pin-code, password etc.), while a text-independent method should catch the characteristics of the speech irrespective of the text spoken. The system developed in this work is the latter, text-independent, meaning the system can identify the speaker regardless of what is being said. This paper presents text-independent speaker identification system, which consists of mapping a speech signal from an unknown speaker to a database of known speakers, i.e. the system has been trained with a number of speakers which the system can recognize. Speaker identification has been done successfully using Vector Quantization (VQ).


Interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) are extraterrestrial particles collected in the stratosphere by the high-altitude aircrafts of the collection facility established by NASA. These particles are composed of different mineral phases and by a carbonaceous material frequently forming the matrix where are distributed the mineral grains [1]. Several infrared investigations of IDPs and the comparison of their spectra to infrared astrophysical data have been done in the past [2], [3], including infrared investigation of the carbonaceous matter [4] and the silicate component [2]. Flynn et al [4] put in evidence the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons and of a ketone group in IDPs, by detecting with FTIR the CH , CH and C=O functional groups. Bradley et al [3] compared the infrared spectrum of glassy (GEMS) silicates to the broad 9.5 m feature of the interstellar silicate and found there is a good match. Furthermore, Bradley et al [3] compared the infrared signature of the crystalline small silicates embedded in the GEMS to the 10 m feature observed in the dust of the coma of comets Halley and Hale-Bopp and found again a good match. On the other hand, Keller et al [5] found a good match between pyrrhotite, a common sulfide in IDPs, and the 23.5 m feature observed in the dust of cold clouds of the circumstellar environment. In this work we investigate the aliphatic functional groups CH , CH in the spectral region around 3000 cm of several IDPs, using micro Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR). Then, we compare the bands observed in the IDPs with the bands observed in similar spectral regions of the Diffuse Interstellar Medium (DISM).


This paper shows how the method of Cody and Waite for range-reduction of arguments to transcendental functions may be extended to much larger values of arguments, when a fused multiply-add instruction is available. It is first shown how the multiple N can be determined, such that the reduced argument x − NC can be calculated exactly, satisfying |x−NC| < 1, given a finite precision constant C. It is then shown how C must be chosen such that x − NC approximates x − NK, with an absolute error less than one ulp of the arithmetic, where K is a given transcendental constant. The method is applicable in a standard precision of the CPU, as well as when a double precision fused multiply-add instruction is emulated by the single precision instructions, thus further extending the range of applicability.


Study the suitable condition of Forest Coronal Intercepting Rainfall of five variety tree in Liao Dong area. The result shows that conifer's intercepting rainfall is more than broadleaf's. Forest coronal intercepting rainfall ratio is 33.0%~53.8%. In the same time , study the effect of the intensity of rainfall on forest coronal intercepting rainfall of five variety tree.


Objective To explore the corresponding relationship between isolated Q waves in lead Ⅲ on the electrocardiography(ECG) and echocardiographie segmental diagnosis of myocardial infarction(MI).Methods The shape magnitude of Q waves of 27 patients with MI and the relationship with eehocardiographie features were investigated. Results Twenty-four patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction had close relationship with isolated Q waves in lead Ⅲ on the ECG. Conclusions There is definite corresponding relation between isolated Q waves in lead Ⅲ and inferior wall myocardial infarction.

Key words:
Eehocardiography;  Electrocardiography+ Myocardial infarction


Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is expressed in retinal Müller cells, endothelial cells, and in retinal pigment epithelium, and agonism of PPARα with genetic or pharmacological tools ameliorates inflammation, vascular leakage, neurodegeneration, and neovascularization associated with retinal diseases in animal models. As such, PPARα is a promising drug target for diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Herein, we report proof-of-concept in vivo efficacy in an STZ-induced vascular leakage model (rat) and preliminary pharmacokinetic assessment of a first-generation lead 4a (A91). Additionally, we present the design, synthesis, and evaluation of second-generation analogs, which led to the discovery of 4u and related compounds that reach cellular potencies <50 nM and exhibit >2,700-fold selectivity for PPARα over other PPAR isoforms. These studies identify a pipeline of candidates positioned for detailed PK/PD and pre-clinical evaluation.


Experiments have been carried out in order to study the nucleation and growth of ammonium paratungstate tetrahydrate crystals in a batch crystallizer. The effect of seed crystal size and seed crystal morphology, as well as the amount of seeds have been examined. Seeding, with either perfect or milled (damaged) crystals, of the ammonium tungstate solution favours a reproducible particle size distribution on bench scale. The particle size distribution can be controlled by addition of a predetermined number of seed crystals of known size. Perfect seed crystals grow into a product mainly consisting of perfect crystals, whereas damaged seed crystals grow into a product mainly consisting of agglomerated crystals under the conditions investigated


"DISSEMINATED" lupus erythematosus still means, to a great many internists and general practitioners, just about what it meant to Moritz Kaposi, who coined the name three quarters of a century ago. Said Kaposi: Lupus erythematosus may be . . . developed . . . secondly, as disseminated and aggregated small spots . . . which I call Lupus erythematosus disseminatus et aggregatus. [In this form] . . . hundreds of spots of erythematous lupus become distributed over the trunk, on the flexor and extensor surface of the fingers, on the palm and back of the hand, on the arms, thighs, elbows and knees, both back and front, and, in fact, over almost the whole body . . . accompanied by various local and constitutional symptoms . . . undiscernible in the cases which have a persistently chronic course. 1 Nearly 25 years later, he was still using the term "disseminatus" in a largely physical sense, for his famous atlas 2 contained plates designated variously as lupus


Planning defense developments ten or twenty years from now requires the prediction of the future progress in various fields of science. While such a prediction should be influenced by the experience gained from present and past progress it would be of little value to make a simple extrapolation from the present to the future. The future of scientific and technological developments will be what we make it. The best way to forecast them is to take into account the potentialities of rapidly advancing fundamental research. The best way to influence them is to increase those potentialities by close contacts between fundamental research, applied research, and engineering.


This paper investigates a low-cost-variant of a medium-power HV-DAB for bidirectional feeding of a dielectric elastomer transducer. It emphasizes the voltage transitions of the HV-side and derives a model that allows precise prediction of current and voltage waveforms even at high switching frequencies and high reactive energies stored in parasitic capacitances. Based on this model, two different modulation patterns are investigated in detail, and the choice of optimal modulation parameters is shown. These lead to low RMS inductor currents while guaranteeing primary- as well as secondary-side soft-switching and allowing neglection of reverse recovery effects. Measurements using an experimental setup validate the model.


In 2006, over half a million international tourists experienced Indigenous tourist activities in Australia, spending more than $450 million Australian Dollars and contributing valuable income to economically depressed regional and remote areas. Indigenous Tourism Australia, under the Tourism Australia website (http://www.indigenoustourism.australia.com) indicates a growing demand for high quality and authentic Indigenous experiences. Tourists from the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan are particularly drawn to genuine Indigenous experiences, from visiting Indigenous sites to eating Indigenous food, observing Indigenous dance performances and participating in, producing and/or purchasing Indigenous arts and crafts (TRA 2007a: 1). However, the role of food in authentic Indigenous experience has not yet been evaluated. Tourism Australia has identified wine and food as one of the five iconic experiences that act as a major drawcard for visitors. The activities and experiences relating to wine and food include wine tasting, visiting vineyards, wine education, and indulgence/romantic escapes complemented by fine food. While this wine and food is produced from fresh, local ingredients and served in natural settings, it is harvested


Abbreviations Introduction: The German Right in the Weimar Republic: New Directions, New Insights, New Challenges Larry Eugene Jones Chapter 1. Hindenburg and the German Right Wolfram Pyta Chapter 2. From Friends to Foes: Count Kuno von Westarp and the Transformation of the German Right Daniela Gasteiger Chapter 3. Conservative Antisemitism in the Weimar Republic: A Case Study of the German National People's Party Larry Eugene Jones Chapter 4. Academics and Radical Nationalism: The Pan-German League in Hamburg and the German Reich Rainer Hering Chapter 5. Realms of Leadership and Residues of Social Mobilization: The Pan-German League, 1918-1933 Bjorn Hofmeister Chapter 6. Continuity and Change on the German Right: The Pan-German League and Nazism, 1918-1939 Barry A. Jackisch Chapter 7. Weimar's "Burning Question": Situational Antisemitism and the German Combat Leagues, 1918-1933 Brian E. Crimm Chapter 8. Antisemitism and the "Jewish Question" in the Political Worldview of the Catholic Right Ulrike Ehret Chapter 9. Eugenics and Protestant Social Thought in the Weimar Republic: Friedrich von Bodelschwingh and the Bethel Institutions Edward Snyder Chapter 10. Carl Schmitt and the Weimar Right Joseph W. Bendersky Notes on Contributors Select Bibliography of New and Standard Works on the History of the German Right, 1918-1933 Index


The efficient integration of photovoltaic (PV) production in energy systems is conditioned by the capacity to anticipate its variability, that is, the capacity to provide accurate forecasts. From the classical forecasting methods in the state of the art dealing with a single power plant, the focus has moved in recent years to spatio-temporal approaches, where geographically dispersed data are used as input to improve forecasts of a site for the horizons up to 6 h ahead. These spatio-temporal approaches provide different performances according to the data sources available but the question of the impact of each source on the actual forecasting performance is still not evaluated. In this paper, we propose a flexible spatio-temporal model to generate PV production forecasts for horizons up to 6 h ahead and we use this model to evaluate the effect of different spatial and temporal data sources on the accuracy of the forecasts. The sources considered are measurements from neighboring PV plants, local meteorological stations, Numerical Weather Predictions, and satellite images. The evaluation of the performance is carried out using a real-world test case featuring a high number of 136 PV plants. The forecasting error has been evaluated for each data source using the Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error. The results show that neighboring PV plants help to achieve around 10% reduction in forecasting error for the first three hours, followed by satellite images which help to gain an additional 3% all over the horizons up to 6 h ahead. The NWP data show no improvement for horizons up to 6 h but is essential for greater horizons.


The average age of mature female walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) (5 yr) assessed in October or November is about 1 yr younger than the average age of spawners (6 yr) collected in April of the next year. To determine why there was a delay in the age at first reproduction, walleye were collected in western Lake Erie and the Thames River. Energy stored in the form of fat increased exponentially with body weight. Gonad size increased linearly with body size, the ovary constituting a relatively constant 18–22% of total body weight over all body sizes. Although allometric relations constrain energy acquistion and allocation, ecological conditions (water temperature and prey availability) affect variability within those bounds. Surplus energy (stored energy minus energy allocated to gonads and metabolism) was increasingly available for females greater than 2 kg, corresponding to females older than 5 yr. Thus, age at first reproduction is influenced by the physiological constraints on acquiring and allocating ener...


A case of cystosarcoma phyllodes in a 10 year-old, prepubertal white female is reported. In spite of the common belief of hormonal dependency of this tumor, hormonal receptor assays were negative. The diagnosis, behaviour and treatment of this unusual lesion is discussed.


Individual responsibility, the counterpart of individual freedom, is a fundamental principle of our (private) legal order. The contributions in this volume discuss the general principle on an interdisciplinary scale and its relevance in current private law. (Published in German.)


The goal of this paper is to develop a conceptualised understanding of the PES, as a transnational European political party. In so doing it will draw up a framework via which we can actually evaluate a transnational political party. The central claim is that such an understanding rests upon the interdependent relationship of four party-streams (factions) and a realisation of each streams position vis-à-vis weak or strong institutionalisation. I will analyse the resonance of this claim by looking at the historical and contemporary development of the PES. This will encompass the following dimensions: the party's genesis and its continuing legacy and the views of the streams concerning the future development of the PES.


The growing evidence has endorsed the view that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of caffeine for apnea of prematurity is helpful for dose tailoring when the therapeutic response is lacking or toxicity is suspected. However, the plasma without caffeine is difficult to obtain. Therefore, a method was developed and validated to measure caffeine and its three primary metabolites (paraxanthine, theobromine, and theophylline) using LC-ESI-MS/MS in human plasma and several surrogate matrices. The chromatographic separation of analytes was finally achieved on a Waters Symmetry C18 (4.6 × 75 mm, 3.5 μm) column. Several strategies were successfully applied to overcome the matrix effects: 1) appropriate dilution for sample cleanup; 2) a starting lower proportion of organic phase; 3) multiple individual stable-labeled isotopic internal standards. The parallelism between the authentic matrix and surrogate matrices was convincing. The recovery of the analytes in both human plasma and rat plasma was acceptable over the linear range (0.500 to 50.0 μg/mL for caffeine, and 0.0100 to 1.00 μg/mL for three metabolites). The method was successfully applied in 118 samples from 74 preterm infants with apnea of prematurity. The rat plasma or ultrapure water as surrogate matrix is worthy of being recommended for routine TDM of caffeine.


ABSTRACT The need to cancel journal subscriptions to offset inflation led the authors to compile data regarding alternative access to contents of the specific journal titles maintained on subscription for the psychology program at the University of West Florida. While approximately two-thirds of the title list were represented in some fashion by a website, nearly half of these websites were found to be purely promotional in nature. Seventy-seven titles shared the characteristics of being "browsable" by means of table-of-contents or abstracts on websites, being indexed in library indexing tools, and being available through document delivery services. The assumption that units of research are virtually universally available free via the Internet seems to have become less prevalent within academia in recent years. New methods of distribution for the contents of traditional journals continue to evolve, though progress seems to be slow in the discipline of psychology.


The invention discloses high temperature resistance precoated sand, which comprises base sand, a binder, hexamethylenetetramine, a phenol formaldehyde resin, a silane coupling agent and an additive A, wherein the base sand comprises, by weight, 55-60 parts of iron ore sand, 60-70 parts of forsterite sand, and 7-10 parts of diatomite, a particle size of the base sand is 100-150 mesh, 3-5 parts by weight of boric acid, 1-2 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer glue powder, 3-5 parts by weight of starch, 0.5-0.8 part by weight of rosin, 4-5 parts by weight of dextrin and 4-6 parts by weight of water are subjected to a reaction and drying to obtain the binder, 4-6 parts by weight of a straw powder material, 2-4 parts by weight of sepiolite and 5-8 parts by weight of water are subjected to a mixing calcination treatment to obtain the additive A, a particle size of the straw powder material is 0.5-0.8 mm, and the obtained calcined product, 2-4 parts by weight of montmorillonite powder and 3-4 parts by weight of water glass are subjected to mixing granulation. The high temperature resistance precoated sand has the following characteristics that: moisture absorption resistance is good, roughness is low, high temperature resistance is provided, and sand sticking on a cast is not easily generated.


There are regions in the world where socio-economic deprivation, ecological marginality, political exclusion, poverty and violence all seem to converge. The cases presented in this book describe various violent conflicts in rural Kenya and aim to understand spatial insecurity while searching for explanations beyond the mainstream narratives that blame poverty, ethnic diversity, resource scarcity or rapid cultural transition for violent conflicts. 'Spatial insecurity' is a societal context that people themselves shape, make use of, exploit and suffer from. The overall conclusion is that 'ethnic identity' can no longer be used as a refuge behind which violent conflict can be justified.


The theory of temporally unstable modes or bound states associated with stimulated Raman scattering in inhomogeneous plasmas is recast in the form of a variational principle for the pump strength or intensity of the incident laser. This Minimum Pump Strength–Variational Principle (MPS–VP) formalism allows the unification of disparate results on growth rates, frequency shifts, and threshold conditions, which in the past relied on specific and restrictive assumptions on the density profile, scattering geometry, temperature, and damping rates. The variational approach leads to generalizations of these results in a uniform manner. Various levels of sophistication in the choice of trial and dual functions are explored. Simplifications and short cuts that will be used throughout this series of papers are tested here, and their regions of validity explored. The principle new result of some practical interest is the growth rate of Raman sidescattering occurring anywhere at the peak or on the flanks of a parabolic...


M ANY textual critics, particularly in the U.K. (e.g. G. Zuntz, G. D. Kilpatrick, J. N. Birdsall, K. Elliot) are adopting what is known as the 'eclectic' method (or 'rational criticism'). This involves a refusal to accept the reading of what may be deemed the "best" MS (e.g. Vaticanus in the estimate of Westcott and Hort) and an insistence that each reading must be considered on its merits. Thus a "poor" MS may preserve the true reading in a given instance; a "good" MS may not always preserve the correct reading. The "cult of the best MS" has thus been called in question. Thus e.g. (i) in Mark 1.41 the reading "moved with anger" is only offered by one Greek MS (D), but this is more likely to be the original than "moved with compassion". (ii) The RV and RSV follow Vaticanus CB) at 2 Cor. 10.10 in reading the plural "they say". Other Greek MSS have the singular "he (i.e, the leader of Paul's opponents) says ... ". The RV and RSV have followed the good MS, but the plural probably represents an attempt to improve the text because there was more than one person involved in the attack on Paul. The singular should be preferred. (iii) At Heb. 2.9 do we accept "by the grace of God" with most MSS or "apart from God" with only M (9th century), the corrector of 424, and 1739? Origen knew of both readings. "Apart from God" is the harder reading, could evoke the cry of dereHction and is more likely to have been altered to "by the grace of 'God" than vice versa. (iv) To follow P 46, D, P, Upsillon, 69, 1739, 1912, at Heb. 11.11 in having "Sarah barren" makes Abraham the subject of eis katabolen spermatos (i.e. the male sexual function). The word barren could have been omitted through homoiteleuton. "Sarah barren" would then be a nominative pendens, to be translated "Although Sarah was barren, Abraham ... " (v) At 1 John 4.3 the variant "whoever dissolves Jesus" is not attested by any Greek MS (it occurs in the margin of 1739, a tenth century MS), but it is attested by Irenaeus, so that it must have been in existence somewhere around the second half of rlle second century. Rudolf Schnackenburg in his great commentary on the Johannines accepts this as the original reading. It is certainly more pungent and sharp than the colourless "confesses not" (which is also grammatically incorrect! ). There has also been something of a move away from the "genealogical" method-the approach of constructing types of texts, e.g. Alex-


The main function of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), a small polypeptide shared by all mammals, is probably protection against invading bacteria, parasites and viruses; killing of these microorganisms is facilitated in the presence of TNF-a. However, as its name suggest, TNF-a is also capable of killing tumor cells, in vitro as well as in vivo. This unique capacity has focused the attention on a possible role for this cytokine in the treatment of human cancer. ... Zie: Samenvatting.


Evidence that nitrendipine [2,6-dimethylcarbo-ethoxy-5-carbomethoxy-4-(3-nitrophenyl)l,4-dihydropyridine] and other 1,4-dihydropyridines interact at specific sites with which to antagonize or to activate Ca2' channel function, is reviewed. Both pharmacologic and biochemical (radioligand binding) approaches indicate the existence of a specific 1,4-dihydropyridine binding site present in excitable tissues. The mechanisms of differentiation between activator and antagonist ligands are discussed, together with evidence concerning the relationship of the binding site to Ca2+ channel function. This site is regulated by chronic drug treatment and the significance of this regulation is discussed.


This paper deals with the use of waste materials from processing of stone in the construction industry. The tested mixtures consisted of Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R, micronized waste marble powder and crushed waste limestone. The article examines the effect of varying the amount of waste on the mechanical properties of the cement composite. At first, samples were tested non-destructively for determine the dynamic modulus of elasticity and then were tested destructively for determine tensile bending and compressive strength.


We propose a speaker clustering scheme working in 'eigenspace'. Speaker models are transformed to a low-dimensional subspace using 'eigenvoices'. For the speaker clustering procedure, simple distance measures, e.g. Euclidean distance, can be applied. Moreover, clustering can be accomplished with base models (for eigenvoice projection) like Gaussian mixture models as well as conventional HMMs. In case of HMMs, re-projection to the original space readily yields acoustic models. Clustering in subspace produces a well-balanced cluster and is easy to control. In the field of speaker adaptation, several principal techniques can be distinguished. The most prominent among them are Bayesian adaptation (e.g. MAP), transformation based approaches (MLLR - maximum likelihood linear regression), as well as so-called eigenspace techniques. Especially the latter have become increasingly popular, as they make use of a-priori information about the distribution of speaker models. The basic approach is commonly called the eigenvoice (EV) approach. Besides these techniques, speaker clustering is a further attractive adaptation scheme, especially since it can be - and has been - easily combined with the above methods.


A comprehensive work has not been published to specifically address the issues of spatial and temporal mapping and assessment of land cover changes using principle component analysis of remotely sensed data: Land Cover Changes in Parts of Kaduna Nigeria uniquely fills this niche. The Kaduna is of extensive landmass and abundant natural resources which support people's livelihood. The evidences of land cover changes revealed the dynamic growth of settlements. The conversions of land from agriculture to urban land are the most significant land cover changes. The trend and extent change of settlements is likely to continue with the rapid increasing of population. The current pattern needs to be managed through effective land use planning and management in order to protect the fertile agricultural land in the area and further reduce degradation of the vegetation covers and stress on water resources. The mapping of the spatial and temporal land cover changes in a GIS platform can be used to supplement the available tools for environmental management.


With increased access to genetic testing, variants of uncertain significance (VUS) where pathogenicity is uncertain are being increasingly identified. More than 85% Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) patients have pathogenic variants in COL1A1/A2. However, when a VUS is identified, there are no pathways in place for determining significance.


Analyzing the entrepreneurial ecosystem related to the ARCA consortium, the purpose of this paper is to study the relationships among the start-up firms inside an incubator.,Thanks to the adoption of the relationships concentric model and the density concentric model, the paper highlights the role of relational conditions for innovative projects in partnership among the incubated firms. Reflections herein are tested via a qualitative research approach based on a single case study: the ARCA consortium.,This research found that about 32 percent of relationships inside the incubator support the emergence of short-term relationships among the incubated firms. Furthermore, about 18 percent of the relationships support the emergence of strong collaborative strategies for the implementation of long-term relationships resulting in innovative pathways: innovative projects in partnership.,The most interconnected firms inside the incubator are those that play a central role also in the innovation pathway developing the higher number of innovative project in partnership. This finding emphasizes a correlation between collaborative relationships and innovation inside an incubator ecosystem.


As larger bandwidths are used in multiple antenna wireless systems, the frequency selectivity of the antenna arrays starts to impact rate. Motivated by optimizing the achievable rate in compact antenna arrays, we present a system model that incorporates the effects of mutual coupling (MC) of wideband physically realizable single-input multiple-output (SIMO) and multiple-input single-output (MISO) antenna systems. For the SIMO system setup, we extract the noise correlation matrices for two different antenna array configurations (parallel and co-linear). We optimize the inter-element spacing in each alignment while maximizing the achievable rate and fixing the transmit power. Then, we compare the two compact antenna designs to a perfectly matched single omni-directional antenna while accounting for MC. Likewise, for the MISO antenna system, we derive the optimal beamformer that maximizes the achievable rate using the same antenna configurations as the SIMO system. Then, we study the impact of MC and develop a new single-port matching technique for wideband antenna arrays. Finally, we provide reciprocity plots to compare the performance of the SIMO-MISO systems using different channel models.


Tin monoselenide (SnSe), which belongs to group IV–VI monochalcogenides, has obtained significant attention in the field of photodetection owing to its ultrahigh carrier mobilities. However, the great challenges of preparing high-quality films and high-performance devices still need to be conquered. Herein, high-density continuous SnSe films were deposited on a Si substrate using magnetron sputtering technology, and a self-driven photovoltaic-type broadband photodetector from the visible light range (VIS) to the near-infrared (NIR) range based on SnSe/Si heterojunction was constructed. Owing to its high carrier mobility, narrow band gap structure, and strong internal electric field, the SnSe/Si heterojunction device exhibits an ultrafast response and high responsivity (R), which achieves a wide spectral response of 405–980 nm. Under zero bias voltage, the greatest R and detectivity (D*) of the heterojunction were 704.6 mA/W and 3.36 × 1011 Jones at 405 nm. Furthermore, the device had a fast response time (rise time) of 20.4 μs at 980 nm of illumination. This work provides a new strategy for the fabrication of high-performance, low-cost, and self-driven photodetectors.


I examine a game-theoretic model of heterosexual courtship. Players decide whether to make romantic advances towards members of the opposite sex, and receive payoffs that depends on the utility from a romantic match, and the costs of rejection and 'unwanted advances /harassment'. The game has three interesting Nash equilibria: the 'MI' equilibrium where males always play the 'initiator' role and females never do, the 'FI' equilibrium where females always play the initiator role and males never do, and a completely mixed equilibrium where both males and females play initiator probabilistically. The former two equilibria are evolutionary stable; the latter is not. I argue that the MI equilibrium is most likely to describe reality. On the other hand, I show that the FI equilibrium is a Pareto improvement upon the other equilibria if females are more 'selective' than males. I present evidence that this is indeed the case. The natural 'policy recommendation' then is a movement from a cultural norm where males predominantly initiate romantic advances, to one where females do. In particular, this would reduce the incidence of unwanted advances/sexual harassment.


By methods of literature consultation , questionnaire and expert interview through Studying and Analyzing to Disadvantageous Restricted Cause of the Gymnastics in normal High School in Northwest Area. The result: the gymnastics teaching is all right, the sports gymnastics has not been an obligatory course yet and the main factors to reward in gymnastics teaching outside class in the high school in Northwest Area.


The objective of this work is to investigate the mechanical properties of Glass fiber reinforced Epoxy composites with different weight proportions. Using hand lay-up technique followed by compression moulding, five composites were prepared by varying the Glass fiber from 15 wt.% to 35 wt.%. The necessary mechanical tests were conducted as per ASTM standards and surface morphology of the fractured surfaces was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). As per the obtained results, it is concluded that the 25 wt.% fiber loaded composite has superior mechanical properties. The results are mathematically evaluated by adopting Mixture Design optimization technique. The predicted values establish that 25 wt.% fiber loading shows good mechanical properties compared to other combinations.


Hydraulic cutting seams pre-extracted technique used in coal seam is an effective means to prevent and control coal and methane outburst which is the dominating dynamic disaster in coal mine. However,transient process appeared in transition of drilling to cutting in hydraulic cutting seams system may sensitively cause coal and methane outburst occurrence. Depending on transient process pressure and discharge control problem of hydraulic cutting seams system,experimental methodology was employed to systematically investigate transient characteristics of independent designed and manufactured key device of hydraulic cutting seams and the key structure influence of cutting device was analyzed. Experimental results show that there is little effect on transient pressure by diameter and number of nozzle and is stabilized on about 1. 1 MPa,linear trend of net discharge which could predict transient pressure is fitted,9. 3%is the prediction maximum errors; various kinds of valve element parameters impact transient pressure are different and not uniform,parameter of up-orifice diameter is the primary discharge manipulative constant while transient pressure do not vary with valve element area.


Data analysis is concerned with the automatic extraction of data related information from variety of sources. Although most analytical model addresses commercial tasks, such as product reviews, there is increasing interest in the affective dimension of the social media websites and various other sources. The current analytical models are not ideally suited for real time analysis of data. This model will collect data from sources of structured and un-structured data; it will filter the relevant data from the raw data in real time or stored data and make it useful for analysis and process it. Hence, such model will be successful in the sense of performing real time analysis than the current ones.


BACE1 is a major therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Developing inhibitors that can selectively target BACE1 in favor of other proteases, especially cathepsin D (CatD), has presented significant challenges. Here, we investigate the conformational dynamics and protonation states of BACE1 and CatD using continuous constant pH molecular dynamics with pH replica‐exchange sampling protocol. Despite similar structure, BACE1 and CatD exhibit markedly different active site dynamics. BACE1 displays pH‐dependent flap dynamics that controls substrate accessibility, while the CatD flap is relatively rigid and remains open in the pH range 2.5–6. Interestingly, although each protease hydrolyzes peptide bonds, the protonation states of the catalytic dyads are different within the active pH range. The acidic and basic components of the BACE1 catalytic dyad are clear, while either aspartic acid of the CatD catalytic dyad could play the role of acid or base. Finally, we investigate binding of the inhibitor LY2811376 developed by Eli Lilly to BACE1 and CatD. Surprisingly, in the enzyme active pH range, LY2811376 forms a stronger salt bridge with the catalytic dyad in CatD than in BACE1, which might explain the retinal toxicity of the inhibitor related to off‐target inhibition of CatD. This work highlights the complexity and challenge in structure‐based drug design where receptor‐ligand binding induces protonation state change in both the protein and the inhibitor. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


How can Bitcoin's block size limit and associated decision-making processes be characterized in economic, legal, and social-theory terms? In mid-2016, I advanced several observations on what I called Bitcoin block size political economy. The current paper covers developments in my analysis since then, revisiting these topics to place them into several broader perspectives. It also follows up on my review essay on Ammous 2018 (Graf 1 Oct 2019).


Wavelet transform have been used in many image enlargement techniques and shows superior results compared to conventional image resolution enhancement techniques. However, the choice of wavelets for image enlargement has not been fully investigated. This paper presents an investigation on the performance of a generic wavelet based image enlargement technique, with respect to the choice of wavelets. A Wavelet based image enlargement technique using cycle-spinning is employed for the purpose of this investigation. Different wavelet transforms from wavelet transform families such as Daubechies, symlet, Coiflet, Biorthogonal, Reverse Biorthogonal and Discrete Meyer wavelets are used in this investigation. A summary of the process for this investigation is as follows: A high resolution image is first generated from an input low resolution image, using an inverse wavelet transform, where the coefficients in high frequency subbands are sets to zero. The cycle spinning method is then used to remove the ringing artefacts of the resulting high-resolution image. The generated results indicate that the performance of the image enlargement technique is a function of the chosen wavelet and also the frequency components or texture of the image. Results implies that the enlargement method produces superior results using Daubechi 9/7 and Symlet 2 wavelets, when enlarging images containing significantly higher frequency components. The technique generates superior results when dealing with images containing lower high frequency components using Daubechi 9/7 and LeGall 5/3.


Due stress has been made on research of rhetorical skills in both Chinese and Hindu rhetoric theories.Because of huge discrepancy between the two languages in ancient characters and cultural tradition,there have,consequentially,emerged totally different rhetorical skills,even to the extent that some of them,though similar or identical,are more or less divergent in narration.What is common to both languages in rhetoric theories lies in their unanimous emphasis on the negetive rhetoric.


The two papers that follow both deal with prospects for achieving efficiency in education. Psacharopoulos identifies the extent of government-induced distortions directly or indirectly related to education, and assesses the likely effects of such distortions on social welfare. He concludes that, among other things, governments should not attempt directly to provide or manage schooling services. Levin's article focuses upon one particular management decision…namely, extending the length of the school day and increasing the number of school days per year. He argues that mechanically increasing school sessions through legislative acts or through administrative mandates does not appear, in itself, to be a promising use of scarce resources. Copyright 1986 Western Economic Association International.


Freezing and thawing of water in saturated concrete induces stresses, cracks, spalling, and eventually allows chlorides, sulphates and other ions to penetrate through the porous space of concrete causing the corrosion and ultimately structural failure. These detrimental factors are limited if concrete has the ability to repel water. Water repellant concrete was achieved through internal and external surface applications. Hydrophobicity, overand super-hydrophobicity are demonstrated by the ability of a surface to repel water and are characterized by contact angles. In cementitious composites internal hydrophobization can be achieved through the addition of superhydrophobic admixtures to fresh concrete resulting in an air void system with small, well-dispersed air bubbles to provide superior resistance to freezing and thawing. Hydrophobic, overand super-hydrophobic surface coatings were achieved by the design of hierarchical surfaces tailoring the fiber content, mixture proportion, and superhydrophobic emulsions. Contact angle tests were used to characterize the developed coatings. The use of internal hydrophobization improves freezing and thawing resistance of fiber-reinforced composites as demonstrated by a durability factor of 100 through as many as 700 accelerated (-50°C to 20°C) cycles in 5% NaCl solution.


To the Editor: T uberculosis (TB) is a public health problem originated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and other members of the MTB complex. Extrapulmonary infection represents about 15% to 20% in immunocompetent patients, boosting up to 70% in immunosuppressed individuals. There are few reports of extrapulmonary TB and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). Considering that extrapulmonary TB infection may mimic other infectious or noninfectious conditions, causing confusion and delayed diagnosis, a high suspicion index is needed, especially with atypical clinic courses. We describe the clinical characteristics of TB infection in a group of 196 patients with IIM recruited from 2009 to 2014 from Guadalajara and Mexico City. We identified 3 cases of extrapulmonary TB infection (Table 1) at 16 to 30 years old (median, 43 years; range, 9–75 years). All infections were developed in a relatively short time of follow-up (1–5 years). The risk of TB was not related to the presence of TB in family members or previous patient TB infection. According to our cases reported, a low socioeconomic status and immunosuppressive therapy could be the result of MTB infection. When there was discontinuation of immunosuppressive agents because of infection, we could have relapse of the polymyositis/dermatomyositis. In patients with IIM who will begin treatment with immunosuppressive therapy, we suggest to do screening for MTB using


Just as raw materials, production labor, and capital were the most important resources of industrial capitalism, technological creativity and knowledge are the hallmarks of technocapitalism.The need for such resources is molding new forms of entrepreneurship and organization. Four major phenomena are contributing to the emergence of technocapitalism and its new ecology of entrepreneurship.These phenomena include the corporatization of technological creativity, the accumulation of inventions that appeared during the twentieth century, an intensified competition for innovation, and the rapid diffusion of technological and scientific knowledge.Also explored are the ways in which the new entrepreneurship spawned by technocapitalism is molding firms.Firms and sectors that are typical of technocapitalism are characterized by strong networks, a culture of creativity, multidisciplinary creativity, fluid authority, autonomous initiative, and new strategies. Because existing location theory cannot provide an adequate understanding of the new realities introduced by technocapitalism, there is a need for a new theory of location that considers the importance of networks, the relationship between localities and the experimental firm, and the relationship between creativity and location. (SAA)


Abstract
Background: In this paper we report the prevalence of copy number aberration events at various stages
 (subclasses) of breast cancer as assessed by two different statistical methods, GISTIC, a well-known


The role of clergy can be demanding, as they are tasked with providing spiritual guidance and support to their congregation. This responsibility can result in occupational stress, which can affect the clergy and their family relationships. This study investigated the influence of occupational stress on quality family relationships among clergy in Christ Is the Answer Ministries, Kenya (CITAM). A pragmatist lens which informs the adoption of mixed methods research design was used. Out of a sample size of 135, 115 respondents comprising 57 pastors, 40 spouses, and 18 children participated in the study. Ethical considerations were adhered to by receiving the necessary approvals and licenses before commencing the study. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and focus group discussions which were all done online. Quantitative data were analyzed using the linear regression technique in SPSS Version 28 and presented through tables. The qualitative data were transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis approach with the identification of key themes. Findings showed that the clergy families have high-quality family relationships (x̅=3.4635, x = .37655). Thematic analysis revealed that having intentionality and maintaining clear boundaries between work and personal life would help clergy improve the quality of their family relationships. The study recommended that churches should collaborate with family therapists to offer therapy sessions to all members of the clergy.


Although the concrete problems in network-based "teaching evaluation given by students "are not the same in different colleges,the major one is that both the reliability and validity of the evaluation are not to the satisfaction of us,and it is mainly based on the insufficient attention paid by the teachers and students to the evaluation,the imperfect measuring scale,the bad evaluation procedure,mechanism and handling of a result.Therefore,to improve the reliability and validity of the evaluation,every college should enhance the teachers' and students' understanding of "teaching evaluation given by students",set up and complete an encouraging mechanism to arouse the teaching warmth completely,complete the teaching evaluation mechanism,improve and complete the measuring scale of "teaching evaluation given by students",and deal with the evaluation result in scientific ways.


Titanium dioxide particles were successfully prepared using microemulsion-mediated hydrothermal processing route, with sucrose ester as a stabilising agent. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the particles possessed anatase crystal phase. Scanning electron micrographs showed micron-sized spherical particles with rough and smooth surfaces, which eventually interconnected with one another. The formation mechanism of the titanium dioxide microstructures was postulated. The as-prepared particles were subjected to photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, which exhibited higher photocatalytic activity compared to their commercial counterpart.


Carotid body tumors (CBTs), also known as paragangliomas, are rare neuroendocrine hypervascularized neoplasms. They are slowly growing pulsatile masses, usually benign, near the carotid arteries. Besides the endocrinological effects of the tumor, compression and hypervascular invasion effects can be also seen. A 63-year-old female patient who had hearing loss in the right ear was admitted to our clinic. Coil embolization was performed to the major arteries feeding the tumor before total excision of the tumor. A decrease in the hearing loss was observed after the operation which might be due to compression and hypervascular steal effects of the tumor. In conclusion, hearing functions can be improved with success CBT resection.


For the seed‐assisted casting process for silicon ingots, different partition blocks were designed in the directional solidification (DS) furnaces to preserve the seed crystals and optimize the thermal field in the hot‐zone. A transient global model was established to investigate the effects of different partition blocks during the solidification process. The simulation results showed that the partition blocks can significantly influence the temperature distributions and the melt flow fields. From the designed partition blocks, the movable partition block was more favorable for the seed‐assisted DS process. A suitable temperature gradient and a flat seed‐melt (s‐m) interface were obtained, which facilitated the preservation of seed crystals effectively, and an optimized crystal‐melt (c‐m) interface was achieved as well. One of the designs of the movable partition blocks was implemented in quasi‐mono crystalline silicon casting experiments and it has been confirmed that the designed movable partition block was helpful for the improvement of the single crystal area.


Slow growth of Picea in seedlings stage is the major problem in the production,and filling light can promote seedling growth,shorten the seedling period,and enhance seedling raising efficiency.The study was carried out on the influence of different light source(sun light,scandium-sodium iodides lamp,optical) and different illumination time on the growth characteristics such as seedling height,ground diameter,numbers of lateral branch,root system,and biomass of 1-year-old Picea pungens and Picea koraiensis.The results showed that light treatment could restrain dormancy of seedling,promote continuous growth of two species of spruces,and have significant promoting effect on the growth index.The influences of different light source,different illumination time on growth characteristics of different species is different.The influence of scandium-sodium iodides lamp on the growth of Picea pungens was best,and the influence of sun light on the growth of Picea koraiensis was best.Light cycle test showed : when illumination time were 8 h,that is,daily illumination time achieved 20 h,seedling height of Picea pungens and Picea koraiensis illuminated for 141 d were largest and were respectively 12.40 cm and 14.36 cm,which increased by 394.0% and 130.5% than control.


Vascular cells within arterial networks electrically communicate with one another to control tissue blood flow. To ascertain how charge distributes within an arterial network, we extended an existing model of electrical communication so that virtual arteries of variable dimension could be connected to one another. In general, each virtual artery consisted of one layer of endothelium and a single layer of smooth muscle. Each vascular cell was treated as the electrical equivalent of capacitor coupled in parallel with a non‐linear voltage dependent resistor (representing ionic conductance). Gap junctions interconnected neighboring cells and were represented as ohmic resistors. Simulations revealed that hyperpolarization initiated in a small number of endothelial cells spreads with little decay along an arterial wall. As these endothelial‐initiated responses conducted across a branch point, electrical decay was enhanced. The extent of decay varied according to the relative diameter of the daughter and parent arteries. Computational observations coincided with functional observations of cell‐to‐cell communication in the mouse cremaster preparation. Further simulations revealed the ability of electrical responses initiated in two daughter vessels to summate in a parent vessel and for hyperpolarizing stimuli originating in multiple distal vessels to dilate large proximal arteries. Together, these observations begin to highlight how the structural features of an arterial network influence cell‐to‐cell communication. These findings have important functional implications to the hyperemic response in normal and diseased animals.


The imbalanced development among different levels of healthcare facilities has become a major social issue in China's urban healthcare system. In this research, we propose a methodology to find the optimal macro-level patient flow distribution in terms of multi-dimension inputs and outputs for the hierarchical healthcare system. This research integrates Discrete-Event Simulation (DES), multi-objective programming and simulation optimization. The problem is solved by the ideal multi-objective optimization procedure. We develop an algorithm integrating DES and Genetic Algorithm (GA), where the DES model is functioned as the "fitness function" to find the Pareto optimal solution set. A case study of a two-level healthcare system, which consists of the Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH) and fifteen healthcare centers in Haidian District, Beijing, China, is carried out to implement the multi-objective simulation optimization model. The result of case study confirms the imbalance of the patient flow distribution and provides a Pareto optimal set for decision makers.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: optical data storage medium is illuminated with a laser beam and the data medium is rotated via a constant linear velocity control method, taking into account the radial position where the laser beam forms a spot on the data medium. The rotation speed is varied according to the radial position on the data medium between two linear velocities. A focusing error signal and/or tracking error signal is generated. Focusing control and/or tracking control is performed over a laser beam which illuminates the data medium based on the focusing error signal and/or tracking error signal. Separate output signals of control loops for the focusing error signal and/or tracking error signal pass through predetermined types of frequency band-stop filters for the focusing error signal and/or tracking error signal in order to obtain residual errors of the focus and/or tracking error signal and compare the residual errors with predetermined reference values. EFFECT: high accuracy of measuring residual errors caused by mechanical properties of the medium. 2 cl, 14 dwg, 3 tbl


Recently, new needs have emerged to control not only linear motion but also rotational motion in high-accuracy manufacturing fields. Many five-axis-controlled machining centres are therefore in use. However, one problem has been the difficulty of creating flexible manufacturing systems with methods based on the use of these machine tools. On the other hand, the industrial dual-arm robot has gained attention as a new way to achieve accurate linear and rotational motion in an attempt to control a working plate like a machine tool table. In the present report, a cooperating dual-arm motion is demonstrated to make it feasible to perform stable operation control, such as controlling the working plate to keep a ball rolling around a circular path on it. As a result, we investigated the influence of each axis motion error on a ball-rolling path.


Summary Intramuscular administration of ketamine at 15-20 mg/kg bodyweight provided effective levels of anaesthesia for venipuncture in 23 chimpanzees aged 12-36 months. For procedures such as plasmaphereses or percutaneous needle biopsy requiring longer anaesthetic times, xylazine (l mg/kg) was given with the ketamine. More than 1600 procedures were performed under anaesthesia on the 23 chimpanzees over a period of 18 months with no mortality. Recovery was smooth and uneventful. The chimpanzee is an important but expensive surrogate for man in the investigation of disease. As a model for the study of viral hepatitis, the close physiological and phylogenetic relationship to man, and the fact that no other suitable in vitro system has yet been found for the study of the hepatitis B virus or the agents of human non-A, non-B hepatitis, makes the chimpanzee invaluable. Safe and effective anaesthesia are necessary. With the removal of phencylidine from the market and the increased experimental use of the chimpanzee, the need for a new, safe, rapid, and nontoxic intramuscularly injectable anaesthetic became apparent. Although this project was not designed to study the biochemical effects and the anaesthetic parameters of the agents described, it provided clinical information about the use of ketamine and ketamine-xylazine in combination for effective restraint and safe anaesthesia of juvenile chimpanzees.


Abstract 4794 Background: The diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and the monitoring during therapy requires identification and quantification of the BCR-ABL1 transcripts. Molecular monitoring has become a requirement as therapy has become more efficient in inducing cytogenetic and molecular remissions. Unfortunately, there is great variability in the methodologies used for molecular monitoring, with various levels of expertise, great variability of the results between different laboratories, and frequently limited access. A simple method for rapid detection and quantification of BCR-ABL1 transcripts would benefit patients and improve outcomes. The GeneXpert DX System rapidly detects and quantifies BCR-ABL1 mRNA transcripts (type e13a2/b2a2 or e14a2/b3a2) in patients diagnosed with CML via an automated, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results are available within 2 hours and adjusted to the international scale. We assessed the correlation between the GeneXpert system with the results from the Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory (MDL) at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Methods: Peripheral blood specimens were collected from 55 patients with CML, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia and used for assay development, analytical validation and precision studies that compared the GeneXpert BCR-ABL1 Monitor Assay versus the standard MD Anderson MDL real-time PCR protocol. CML Ph positive was assessed as belonging to categories based on the BCR-ABL1 mRNA transcript level (Category I, >1%; Category 2, >0.1–1%; Category 3, >0.01%–0.1%; Category 4, ≤0.01%). Patients who had tyrosine kinase therapy resulting in stable disease were in categories 3 or 4, whereas newly diagnosed patients or those with acute disease were in categories 1 and 2. Ph-negative patients with ALL (n=2) and AML (n=4) were the negative controls. Results: Of the 55 patients whose blood was tested by the GeneXpert monitoring assay, 49 patients with CML fell into categories 1–4 (3, 7,4,35 respectively). The remaining 6 patients had a diagnosis of ALL or AML and acted as negative control. These patients had undetectable transcript levels by the GeneXpert system. The median time to obtaining results with the GeneXpert system was 1 hour and 30 min (range 1:29:51 to 1:31:16). There was a strong correlation between the results achieved with the GeneXpert system and those obtained at the MDACC MDL (R=0.7597; P= Conclusion: Results from GeneXpert system BCR-ABL1 are rapid and reliable and can be obtained with little training required. These results suggest that this methodology can be used to expand access and reproducibility to molecular monitoring in CML. Disclosures: Cortes:Cepheid: Research Funding.


Abstract A new class of distributed sensors is presented which can measure both the modal and physical displacements of vibrating composite beams. The sensor relies in its operation on a set of super-elastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires which are embedded off the neutral axes of the vibrating beams. The wires are arranged in a special manner which allows continuous monitoring of the deflection curve of the beam. The output signals of the SMA wires are processed to determine the modal displacements of the beam and the physical displacements at critical discrete points along the beam axis. The theoretical and experimental performance of the sensor is presented in both the time and frequency domains. Comparisons are given between the experimental performance of the SMA distributed sensor and that of conventional laser sensors, in order to demonstrate the accuracy and merits of the distributed SMA sensor. The results obtained suggest the potential of this new class of sensors as a viable means for controlling the vibrations of flexible composite beams and plates, particularly with modal control algorithms.


This article argues that quality business requires rediscovering pedagogy as a professional calling and studied activity. The authors chronicle forces driving reform in business and higher education. They then explore both the growing importance of reflective learning in professional education and a model that they have developed and implemented for encouraging such practice. The results of their training program are discussed in terms of interventions that promote reflective pedagogy by capitalizing on the competencies that faculty professionals already possess as researchers.


SUMMARY The main purpose of this study is to evaluate whether 2nd grade (before learning) and 3rd grade elementary school students (after learning) have acquired scientific knowledge about the morphology of insects by using free writing and drawing methods as evaluation tools. The main findings of this study were as follows; 1) none of the 2nd grade students and about 30% of the 3rd grade students explained insect morphology scientifically; 2) about 95% of the 2nd grade students explained morphology of insects from particular insects' or other creatures' examples unscientifically because they lacked knowledge about intension and extension of the insect's concept; 3) in 3rd grade students' case, about 40% of pupils' scientific explanations were based on proposition A (a body of insects makes up head, thoracic, and abdomen), whereas only 1% of their scientific explanations were based on proposition B (insects' thoracic has six legs); and 4) in both 2nd and 3rd grade students, a small percent explained insect morphology by contrasting their differences with human bodies. Based on these results, we suggested some perspectives to consider in order to reconstruct current teaching and learning methodology with regard to insect morphology.


Modern surveying is seen to result from the impact of computer science and electronics technology on classical survey methods. Survey integration has been made possible by these impacts and is ready in this state to support a land information system based on adherence to a national coordinate system. Modern survey techniques are contrasted with traditional methods and characterised by their permanence and universality. Some modern techniques and their applications to survey integration and landform description are discussed. The versatility of the string ground model is emphasised and a design procedure analogous to computer assisted systems described. The z dimension of the model is not limited to height. Other quantities may be mapped to provide valuable insights to the user. Photogrammetry is considered a powerful medium for the gathering and storage of time and position dependent data and has the ability to present these in many useful ways. The digitising of available graphical information is seen to be a valuable data source for a land information system.


The objective of this experiment was to determine and investigate the management system, distribution and productivity of west African dwarf sheep in five study area of Oyo state namely; Akinyele, Egbeda, Ido, Ibadan North West and Ona-ara local government areas of Oyo state. The total number of 150 West African dwarf sheep farmers was sampled and the total of 1781 West African dwarf sheep was sampled to collect the raw data. The management system obtained was 13.33 intensive, 36.66 semi-intensive and 62.00%. The distribution against flock size, the numbers of farmers decrease as the flock size increase as the highest percentage of farmer in flock size 11-20 sheep is 40.00010and the highest percentage in the flock group above 21 sheep and above is 23.33 .These findings indicate that Local sheep breeds in Nigeria have the potential to supply a significant portion of the milk deficit, meat and there by-product in the country because sheep numbers far exceed cattle numbers rn both rural and urban communities(Adewumi2005, Olorunnisomo et al, 2009).


1. An automorphic number is generally understood to be an integer the final digits of whose square (and therefore of any integral power) form the original number, i.e. a is automorphic if a 2 ≡ a (mod 10 n ), where n is the number of digits of a. There are several references to these in books on recreational mathematics, some using also bases other than 10, but otherwise generally confined to definitions and examples. Investigating some elementary properties that I had not seen treated in print led me to submit an article to the Gazette, which was published in October 1989 (no. 465, p 212). This caught the attention of Dr R. J. Cook, of Frome, who kindly sent me the results of some experiments it had led him to make on applying the idea to indices > 2. These results were surprising and at first puzzling, but a lengthy subsequent correspondence has led to the emergence of a remarkably complicated and quite fascinating picture, which this article is an attempt to summarise.


The ultimate goal of the vitalization of traditional markets is to make lively markets that consumers visit frequently. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to turn each of them into the center of consumption in the region by creating a base for the merchants to do business stably and securing their competitiveness. In addition, to vitalize traditional markets, diversified and specific strategies are needed. It is necessary to establish vitalization strategies appropriate for the special characteristics and competitiveness of each market and the circumstances of the region, implement supports appropriate for the type of market by classifying markets by type and competitiveness level, and create and expand success models. To achieve the goal of the vitalization of traditional markets, following implementation methods should be used. First, it is necessary to reform business type structure and carry out management modernization to secure basic competitiveness of distribution industry. For this, reformation of business type structure is needed by giving up the products that have lost competitiveness, and selecting and fostering competitive products. In addition, traditional markets need to become competitive by establishing effective distribution system, saving distribution costs, and improving customer services. Second, it is necessary to create pleasant and comfortable facility environment. Due to the characteristics of traditional markets, their infra structures and facilities are aged and inconvenient and they are hard to access. To attract consumers, facility environment needs to improved by expanding and repairing facilities and improving convenience facilities. Third, they need to become a base of local culture such as a center of things to see, enjoy, and eat. A new image of traditional markets as a place of cultural experience rather than just a place for consumption and trading needs to be created. For this, main actors of culture and consumption need to participate in this.


We generalize a trade model with firm-specific heterogeneity and R&D-based growth to allow for an endogenous education decision of households and an endogenously evolving population. Our framework is able to explain cross-country differences in living standards and trade intensities by the differential pace of human capital accumulation among industrialized countries. Consistent with the empirical evidence, scale matters for relative economic prosperity as long as countries are closed, whereas scale does not matter in a fully globalized world. Interestingly, however, the average human capital level of a country influences its relative economic prosperity irrespective of its trade-openness. While being consistent with the empirical evidence, our framework has the additional advantage that steady-state growth of income does not hinge on the unrealistic assumption of an ever expanding population. JEL classification: F10, I25, O31, O41.


Separated from his parents during the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong, Nicholas Holford is smuggled to the mainland of China in disguise. As he grows to manhood, he witnesses the atrocities of the Japanese occupation, but is finally reunited with his family when the Japanese surrender.


This article aims at the problem that RLS of the fixed step demand collecting the large quantity data and identifiably speed slow in the signal identification, bring upping RLS of changing step makes, under guarantee the condition that equal identification accuracy, Obvious decrease of data of collecting and Consumedly increased to the iden-tifiably speed, and obtain the good result. [


Making full use of the spatial spectral features contained in hyperspectral images, a hyperspectral image feature extraction algorithm (S4LFDA) for semi-supervised spatial spectral local discriminant analysis is proposed, in view of the spatial consistency of hyperspectral datasets, the pixels are first spatially reconstructed to preserve the neighbour relationship of hyperspectral data, and then the spectral information divergence is introduced to reconstruct the similarity between cells, and in order to make full use of a large number of unlabeled samples to improve the performance of the algorithm, the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster the samples to obtain pseudo-labels. Then, the normalization term is added to the intra-class divergence matrix and interclass divergence matrix of the local FDA algorithm to maintain the consistency of the cluster structure of the unlabeled samples, and finally the local FDA algorithm is used to maximize the interclass divergence and minimize the intra-class divergence of the labeled samples and solve the best projection vector. The S4LFDA algorithm not only maintains the divisibility of the data set in the spectral domain, but also maintains the neighbour relationship of the pixels in the spatial region, rationally uses labeled samples and unlabeled samples, and improves the classification performance of the algorithm. Experiments were carried out in Pavia University and Indian Pines, and the overall classification accuracy reached 95.60 and 94.38, which effectively improved the performance of feature classification compared with other dimensional reduction algorithms.


In this paper the transmission of paraxial light beams was analyzed based on the gradient vector potential of electromagnetic field.


Abstract A small library of 6-substituted syringyl model compounds with aliphatic, carboxylic, phenylic, benzylic alcohols and brominated substituents were prepared. The influence of the substituents on the chemical shifts of the compounds was analyzed. All of model compounds showed a characteristic increase in the 13C NMR chemical shift of the methoxy group vicinal to the substitution. This 13C NMR peak and its corresponding correlation peak in HSQC could potentially be used to identify 6-condensation in syringylic lignin samples.


This paper brings a new perspective to the population growth implications of the low fertility levels of European countries. For years between 2009 and 2018, whether constant fertility, mortality, and net migration would generate long-run population growth or population decrease is indicated simply and visually by comparison of the total fertility rate (TFR) to a migration-adjusted replacement level. The results show that, when considered in combination with concurrent net migration and mortality, the population growth implication of low fertility varies between countries and over time. For Sweden, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the United Kingdom for all the years considered the fertility–mortality–migration combination is coherent with long-run population growth. For the former two countries, long-run population growth would be sustained by net migration at current levels even if fertility were to fall to very low levels. In contrast, for every Eastern European country and year considered, unchanged fertility–mortality–migration combination would lead to population decrease. The need for an alternative view of low fertility in terms of whether the TFR is above or below a migration-adjusted replacement level and the need for a migration context-specific view, as distinct from a universal best view, of the desirability of fertility level are discussed.


The work is devoted to the problem of mathematical modeling and search for optimal control of the dynamics of the insulin-glucose balance in human blood, represented by a nonsmooth sys-tem of differential equations with a constant delay. Aim. This study is aimed at developing and numerically solving the problem of optimal control of the glycemic profile in patients with type 1 di-abetes mel¬litus by insulin therapy, based on the optimality conditions for nonsmooth systems with a constant delay in the phase variable. Methods. The general research technique of the problem under study is based on the mathematical theory of optimal control, the theory of numerical methods, the theory of differential equations with a nonsmooth right-hand side and with a lagging argument. When implementing the software package, the methods of object-oriented design are used. Results. In this study, on the basis of the initial dynamic model proposed by N.A. Shirokova, the problem of optimal control of the dynamics of glycemic regulation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with a non¬smooth right side and a constant delay in the phase variable is constructed. On the basis of the necessary optimality condition obtained for the constructed optimal control problem, algorithmic and software tools have been developed, with the help of which optimal programs are obtained, and their meaningful interpretation is presented. Conclusion. The results obtained on the basis of the software implementation of numerical algorithms of the developed nonsmooth problem of optimal control of the insulin-glucose balance with a constant lag in the phase variables, make it possible to obtain the data that are necessary for monitoring the situation regarding the change in the glycemic profile, for predicting diabetes mellitus and choosing an effective treatment.