This study investigates whether different specifications of univariate GARCH models can usefully forecast volatility on the foreign exchange market. The study uses only forecasts from an asymmetric GARCH model, namely Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) for GBP/USD exchange-rate and compares the estimates with the volatility for the period June 2016 to September 2019. The dataset is obtained from "Investing.com" and covers the period between June 2016 September 2019. The data encompasses the slump of the GBP to a 31-year low due to a major political crisis in the United Kingdom. Besides averting the decision-making factors about the worrying consequences of Brexit, this paper reaches the conclusion that the EGARCH model could be used to predict volatility of the currencies in the future.


How can a small group of insurgents believe they can overcome the government by turning violent, even if the government is strongly superior? When does a conflict develop towards a peaceful conflict resolution, terrorism, a guerilla war, or a widely spread conventional civil war? We develop a formal model for rebels and government and derive optimal choices. Further, we focus on three elements as important ingredients of a "destabilization war". All three of these - large random events, time preference (which we relate to ideology), and choice of duration of fight - are rarely considered in formal conflict theory. We can answer the above two questions with game theory analysis. First, insurgents rise up because they believe in the effect of destabilization through permanent challenging attacks. Large randomness is an important ally of rebels. While each single attack may have low impact, maybe at some time a large random event could lead to success. Hence, duration of activities is a constitutive element of this kind of violent conflict. Patience (low time preference), which may reflect the degree of ideological motivation of rebels, is crucial. Second, the mode of warfare or conflict resolutions that develops is generally path-dependent and conditioned on the full set of options (including compromise). Various conditions (level of funding, ease of recruitment, access to weapons) favor in a complex way different modes of warfare or a peaceful compromise. Unlike in a "one battle war" with no time dimension, in a "continuing violent conflict" economic instruments become very powerful in terms of guiding conflict resolution in a certain direction.


Abstract Demographic analysis of data on births, deaths, and migration and coverage measurement surveys that use capture-recapture methods have both been used to assess U.S. Census counts. These approaches have established that unadjusted Census counts are seriously flawed for groups such as young and middle-aged African-American men. There is considerable interest in methods that combine information from the Census, coverage measurement surveys, and demographic information to improve Census estimates of the population. This article describes a number of models that have been proposed to accomplish this synthesis when the demographic information is in the form of sex ratios stratified by age and race. A key difficulty is that methods for combining information require modeling assumptions that are difficult to assess based on fit to the data. We propose some general principles for aiding the choice among alternative models. We then pick a particular model based on these principles and imbed it within a more comprehensive Bayesian model for counts in poststrata of the population. Our Bayesian approach provides a principled solution to the existence of negative estimated counts in some subpopulations; provides for smoothing of estimates across poststrata, reducing the problem of isolated outlying adjustments; allows a test of whether negative cell counts are due to sampling variability or more egregious problems such as bias in Census or coverage measurement survey counts; and can be easily extended to provide estimates of precision that incorporate uncertainty in the estimates from demographic analysis and other sources. The model is applied to data for African-American age 30–49 from the 1990 Census, and results are compared with those from existing methods.


In today's dynamic world, majority of boundary-spanning professionals like sales are expected to work for longer hours, regularly interacting with clients and, in several instances, operating across various time zones which ultimately results in blurring work–family boundaries. The sample for the current study are sales employees as they are required to respond to various demands from colleagues, customers and from their respective families as well, which finally leads to conflict from both work and family. Of importance to the research is work–family construct measurement. The study first validated the Netemeyer, Boles and McMurrian (1996) work–family conflict scale in Indian context using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the data analysis are in line with the indications in the literature. In addition, the current study attempted to investigate the role of demographic variables on work to family conflict (WFC) as well as family to work conflict (FWC). The sample consisted of 330 sales employees working across different service and manufacturing sectors in Mumbai, India. Results indicated that age, marital status, hierarchy, hours worked, number and ages of children are significantly associated with both WFC and FWC. Implications of these findings are discussed.


Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are digital integrated circuits (ICs) that contain configurable logic and interconnect to provide a means for fast prototyping and also for a cost-effective chip design. The innovative development of FPGAs spurred the invention of a new field in which many different hardware algorithms could execute on a single device [16]. Efficient Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools are required to compile hardware descriptions into bit-stream files that are used to configure the target FPGA to implement the desired circuits. Currently, the compile time, which is dominated by placement and routing phases, can easily take hours or even days to complete for current large (over 8-million gate) FPGAs. Within the next few years the logic capacity of FPGAs will tend to increase dramatically (up to 40-million gates) that prohibitively long compile times may adversely affect instant manufacturability of FPGAs and become intolerable to users seeking very high speed compile. This paper presents several constructive and iterative improvement placement based heuristics that significantly reduce the amount of computation time required to achieve high-quality placements, compared with VPR [9], [8]. Cluster Seed, GRASP and Partitioning based approaches prove to be excellent candidates to generate good starting points in negligible amounts of time. The effectiveness of these constructive based methods are tested by implementing several local search based methods. Meta-heuristics in the form of Tabu Search and a hybrid Simulated Annealing with short-term memory are further implemented to explore and exploit the solution space effectively.


CuII-catalysed diazo transfer and CuI-catalysed azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click chemistry" were used to synthesis C7N aminocyclitol-derivatised 1,2,3-triazoles. In the course of this work, the -N=N- moiety was transferred onto C7N aminocyclitols such as validamine, valienamine and valiolamine by employing imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide as the diazo transfer reagent with catalysis by CuII, ZnII and NiII, in moderate to good yields. The obtained azidocyclitols were coupled with various terminal alkynes under modified Meldal's conditions with good to excellent yields. The stereo- and regiochemistry of the products were confirmed by 2D-NMR (NOESY and HMBC). One-pot syntheses of the corresponding 1,2,3-triazoles, as safer and more efficient procedures, were also investigated and gave moderate to good yields.


Density Peak Clustering (DPC), a popular density-based clustering approach, has received considerable attention from the research community primarily due to its simplicity and fewer-parameter requirement. However, the resultant clusters obtained using DPC are influenced by the sensitive parameter <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d_c$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="rasool-ieq1-3004221.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, which depends on data distribution and requirements of different users. Besides, the original DPC algorithm requires visiting a large number of objects, making it slow. To this end, this paper investigates index-based solutions for DPC. Specifically, we propose two list-based index methods viz. (i) a simple List Index, and (ii) an advanced Cumulative Histogram Index. Efficient query algorithms are proposed for these indices which significantly avoids irrelevant comparisons at the cost of space. For memory-constrained systems, we further introduce an approximate solution to the above indices which allows substantial reduction in the space cost, provided that slight inaccuracies are admissible. Furthermore, owing to considerably lower memory requirements of existing tree-based index structures, we also present effective pruning techniques and efficient query algorithms to support DPC using the popular Quadtree Index and R-tree Index. Finally, we practically evaluate all the above indices and present the findings and results, obtained from a set of extensive experiments on six synthetic and real datasets. The experimental insights obtained can help to guide in selecting a befitting index.


The Centre College football team of the early 1920s fits a wellworn narrative that has inspired countless novels, movies, and television shows: a team of plucky small-town underdogs rise from nowhere to defeat the powerful team from the big city. Centre's tale has several staples of that genre, including the perseverance to withstand an early setback when it fell short of defeating mighty Harvard, only to return the following year to win in a shocking upset. The story includes the requisite cast of characters, including a charismatic star quarterback whose aw-shucks public persona masks a steely resolve, a supporting cast of teammates with colorful stories of their own, a hard-bitten coach who left the profession only to return after a fortuitous encounter with this talented collection of players, and a college president who leads the team in pregame prayers. The tale even has a perfect Hollywood ending: the quarterback caps his storied career by marrying his high school sweetheart on the day of his final game. The decline and fall of the Centre Praying Colonels plays out after the final credits roll, but the legend still lives among Centre students and alumni, many Kentuckians, and quite a few football fans born generations after the events. A number of media outlets have rated Centre's 1921 victory over Harvard as one of the greatest upsets in college football history. While the narrative itself is compelling, Centre's rise and fall also offers rich lines of analysis to historians examining Kentucky history, the social history of the


The present invention relates to a method for de-energizing of a high-voltage network (15) of an electric vehicle (1), comprising the steps of: detecting (S1) of sensor data by means of at least one sensor device (11) of the electric vehicle (1); Comparing (S2) the recorded sensor data with at least one in a storage device (13) stored predetermined criterion to determine a probability value for an occurrence of an accident of the electric vehicle (1); and unloading (S3) of the high-voltage network (15) of the electric vehicle (1) as a function of the probability value determined.


A common assumption in the microstructure literature is that liquidity traders are not only informationless, but also impatient and naive in their trading. We focus on small retail stock investors (SRI) as a proxy for liquidity traders. We find that SRI are indeed informationless but not so impatient or naive. In half of the cases SRI use limit orders and more so for high-spread stocks. They also tend to act as "takers" when spreads are narrower than their average over time. Therefore, their execution costs (0.099%) are less than the half quoted spread (0.233%). Execution costs of sellers are larger than those of buyers and the stocks' execution costs are explained by their volume and return standard deviation.


The classification and tracking of objects has gained popularity in recent years due to the variety and importance of their application areas. Although object classification does not necessarily have to be real time, object tracking is often intended to be carried out in real time. While the object tracking algorithm mainly focuses on robustness and accuracy, the speed of the algorithm may degrade significantly. Due to their parallelisable nature, the use of GPUs and other parallel programming tools are increasing in the object tracking applications. In this paper, we run experiments on the Efficient Convolution Operators object tracking algorithm, in order to detect its time-consuming parts, which are the bottlenecks of the algorithm, and investigate the possibility of GPU parallelisation of the bottlenecks to improve the speed of the algorithm. Finally, the candidate methods are implemented and parallelised using the Compute Unified Device Architecture.

Keywords: Object tracking, parallel programming.


The article reveals the features and significance of assessing the quality of life of the rural population. The population of the country is an important participant in the socio-economic life of the country and in modern conditions is facing new challenges due to significant transformations of the national economy. Given the division of the country's population into urban and rural populations, the key strategies for the future are to assess their quality of life. It is established that the issue of assessing the quality of life of the population, including rural, its features and significance for the country needs substantive research and justification. Determining the number of rural population is an important indicator, the importance of which determines the formation of economic development of the national economy. A significant threat to assessing the quality of life of the rural population is the shadowing of the economy. The main factors of this threat are: high unemployment, uneven distribution of income, internal migration. The escalation of the conflict in the east of the country has led to a significant reduction in the quality of life of the rural population. The quality of life of the rural population is critically low and does not correspond to the average quality of life in the country. In modern conditions, the costs of maintaining the army and the country's defense capabilities are becoming more important, the processes of uneven distribution of income are deepening, and the quality of life of the rural population is generally out of the attention of the authorities. Poverty and forced unemployment in rural areas are especially critical. In the context of the study, the main existing methodological approaches to assessing the living standards of the population, which directly depends on the state of development of the national economy, are identified. Such factors are: the level of the economy, the level of access to education, human rights and other general indicators. With the reduction of the above indicators, it becomes clear that at the state level it is necessary to introduce appropriate regulatory measures. In order to assess the quality of life of the rural population, it is necessary to determine the main indicators that most fully reflect its condition. The quality of life of the rural population can be assessed by identifying the following structural factors: the number of available rural population, life expectancy, the size of migratory population growth; expenditures on the social sphere (including expenditures to meet the needs of the rural population in education, medicine, etc.). Destructive factors in assessing the quality of life of the rural population are: the crime rate, poverty rate, the share of the elderly in the total population. In the near future, the quality of life of the population will depend on changes that contribute to the formation of a new economic reality. It is established that the peculiarity of assessing the quality of life of the population is the reduction of income due to non-compliance with the conditions of basic social standards set by the state.


This paper presents a micro flow discretizer that digitizes continuous liquid flow into nanoliter segments. To study the interfacial forces and facilitate the device implementation, numerical simulations are performed and the results are used to guide the design process. In the prototype demonstration, the discretizer is made of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channels with desired geometry and surface properties. With the assistance of a pair of externally applied and independently controlled pressures, a continuous water flow has been split into segments with controllable volumes. As such, this flow discretizer opens up a new class of metering and manipulation scheme in microfluidic applications such as lab-on-a-chip and drug discovery.


Transportation asset management describes a performance-based approach for managing transportation system physical assets; performance management describes the application of the same basic principles to a broader set of objectives. In this article, the author shows how each approach has influenced and stimulated the evolution of the other.


Walled City life women, families and households women and their work survival strategies and images of power social changes imagined and envisioned.


A peculiar seismic event occurred on Oct. 6,1597,which was widely reported in the historical documents of 7 provinces of eastern China. It has been inferred that the event was centralized in the Gulf of Bohai.It's notable features were:1.The area affected was very large,and everywhere was quite similarly shaken;2.No builing damage was reported,nor strongly felt shaking,but significant motion of both surface and underground water were widely recorded;3.Surface fissires appeared in some places;4.Volcanic eruptions which are thought to be probably related to the event,took place on the same day and the third day (Oct. 8) in the Changbai mountain area of China and Xianjindao of nothern Korea.Study of historical records leads to the impression that the ground shaking caused by the event had abundant long period components,and the event itself is likely to be a slow eathquake.


The material membrane dialysis catheter is required for the reproduction of dermatobacteria and fruit. 20 cases of peritoneal dialysis were treated with antibacterial materials and distilled catheter. Compared with that of the control group, the skin level of the 16 expansion group
 was lower. At the second generation, it was a variety of Sphingomonas under the order of S. The difference of species abundance between groups is mainly the rare species in the control group. The results showed that the use of long-term materials in prevention and treatment of peritoneal dialysis
 infection has a beneficial long-term effect.


This paper presents an image-based talking head system, which includes two parts: analysis and synthesis. The analysis isto create a database containing a large number of mouth images and their associated facial and speech features. The synthesisis to generate realistic facial animations from phonetic transcripts of text. The facial animation is produced by selecting and concatenating appropriate mouth images that match the spoken wordsof the talking head. Subjective tests show that 60% of the animations are indistinguishable from real recordings. Index Terms: talking head, unit selection, evaluation


Abstract Background This study's primary aim was to evaluate the impact of thrombotic complications on the development of secondary infections. The secondary aim was to compare the etiology of secondary infections in patients with and without thrombotic complications. Methods This was a cohort study (NCT04318366) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients hospitalized at IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital between February 25 and June 30, 2020. Incidence rates (IRs) were calculated by univariable Poisson regression as the number of cases per 1000 person-days of follow-up (PDFU) with 95% confidence intervals. The cumulative incidence functions of secondary infections according to thrombotic complications were compared with Gray's method accounting for competing risk of death. A multivariable Fine-Gray model was applied to assess factors associated with risk of secondary infections. Results Overall, 109/904 patients had 176 secondary infections (IR, 10.0; 95% CI, 8.8–11.5; per 1000-PDFU). The IRs of secondary infections among patients with or without thrombotic complications were 15.0 (95% CI, 10.7–21.0) and 9.3 (95% CI, 7.9–11.0) per 1000-PDFU, respectively (P = .017). At multivariable analysis, thrombotic complications were associated with the development of secondary infections (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.788; 95% CI, 1.018–3.140; P = .043). The etiology of secondary infections was similar in patients with and without thrombotic complications. Conclusions In patients with COVID-19, thrombotic complications were associated with a high risk of secondary infections.


Engineering structures such as plates, beams, and shells are subjected to different types of loads when used in applications such as bridges, buildings, and other structures. Due to the nature of loading cracks are produced in these elements over a period of time. These cracks will cause the failure of beams due to vibration. Vibration analysis is important to find the natural frequency of the structures. Modal analysis is performed to find the mode shapes and natural frequency of the cantilever beam. In the present investigation, a cantilever beam with crack is modeled and natural frequency for the first three modes is determined by using Ansys Workbench 19.2. The goal of the study is to change the length of the crack along the width of the beam and its effect on the natural frequency of the cantilever beam. During the study, the crack width is kept constant while the depth of crack is varied along with a change in the length of the crack. The crack with depth 45 mm and crack of length 50 mm gives a lower value of natural frequency.


It is critical for transitional economies to customize competition laws to that country's specific features, which will have an impact on the manner in which Myanmar-based firms operate. Minn Naing Oo & Daren Shiau (Allen & Gledhill (Myanmar) Co., Ltd)


For the numerical investigation of re-entry phenomena the modeling of gas-surface interactions is crucial. Mission relevant phenomena are catalysis i.e. the surface material dependent recombination of atomic species and the oxidation processes of ceramic thermal protection systems. The latter is closely related to the following questions: What is the size of available surface area for catalysis? What is the dominating process at peak heating during the atmospheric entry maneuver – active or passive oxidation? In this work we will discuss the two main catalysis mechanisms, the Eley-Rideal and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood process. We give a brief introduction to this topic and discuss relevant implementations in catalysis related numerical tools. Also, we present some details on oxidation modeling and its implementation in the URANUS 2D code.


The results of sandfly collection with Falcao and Shannon traps, from 53 localities of 19 municipalities, in Parana State, Brazil are presented. Overall, 27,441 sandflies were captured belonging to 13 species; there was a predominance of Nyssomyia whitmani among them. A higher concentration of sandflies in the domestic animal shelters and woods was found. Sandflies fauna in counties of the Pioneer North of Parana State, Brazil


This book focuses on the institutional innovations needed to lead the diffusion of the new information and communication technology (ICT) that can help transform developing economies into knowledge economies and information societies. It shows that developing e-leadership institutions is a long-term process, fraught with uncertainties, but a process that remains at the heart of implementing ICT-enabled development strategies. It focuses on improving governance and the delivery of public services, bridging economic divides, promoting social inclusion, and drastically cutting transaction costs across the economy. It seeks to exploit new sources of growth, employment, and competitiveness by promoting the ICT and IT-enabled services industries and the use of ICT by small enterprises to network and compete. This book draws on the experience of Sri Lanka to explore what is involved in moving from vision to implementation of a comprehensive e-development strategy-the e-Sri Lanka program. The focus is on building local e-leadership institutions to drive this process and leveraging ICT to transform government and empower communities through e-government and e-society. Finally, to allow sound selection and management of projects, particularly in a national context, it is critical that the program be free from pressure by government, private companies, or others that may seek to use the program to exercise their influence.


Objective Altered time reproduction is exhibited by patients with adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It remains unclear whether memory capacity influences the ability of adults with ADHD to reproduce time intervals. Method We conducted a behavioral study on 30 ADHD patients who were medicated with methylphenidate, 29 unmedicated adult ADHD patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs). We assessed time reproduction using six time intervals (1 s, 4 s, 6 s, 10 s, 24 s and 60 s) and assessed memory performance using the Wechsler memory scale. Results The patients with ADHD exhibited lower memory performance scores than the HCs. No significant differences in the raw scores for any of the time intervals (p > .05), with the exception of the variability at the short time intervals (1 s, 4 s and 6 s) (p < .01), were found between the groups. The overall analyses failed to reveal any significant correlations between time reproduction at any of the time intervals examined in the time reproduction task and working memory performance (p > .05). Conclusion We detected no findings indicating that working memory might influence time reproduction in adult patients with ADHD. Therefore, further studies concerning time reproduction and memory capacity among adult patients with ADHD must be performed to verify and replicate the present findings.


The avenues for implementation of quality-education are diverse. We often carry out quality-education by such ways as changing education thoughts, reforming curriculum system and improving the teachers' qualities. These ways, however, often are implemented from students outside and we less think how to implement quality-education according to students theirselves. This article believes that self-education's connotation and it's character can meet the need of quality-education and also become an effective avenue which we implement quality-education as aneducation form.


Streptococcus agalactiae, also designated group B streptococcus (GBS), is a Gram-positive coccus, and it is an important pathogen that causes invasive disease in neonates, pregnant adults, and non- ...


Scholars have long studied how social movements frame and deliver their messages, yet less is known about how these "signals" are received by the public. In this study, we examine how a social movement participant's characteristics interact with a bystander's to influence movement support. In addition, we examine how perceived likelihood of violence mediates these outcomes. We propose five competing models based on previous theories of emotion, race, and political views in social movement support. To adjudicate between these frameworks, we conduct an experiment using a 2x2 factorial design in which participants read a news story about a protest accompanied by an image of a neutral/angry, white/Black protestor, measuring three types of social movement support, and examine results and model fit. Results provide support for a politicized-race model: a Black protestor is more motivating for liberals' social movement support, while a white protestor is more motivating for conservatives. Both liberals and conservatives are more likely to associate the protest with violence after seeing a Black protestor compared to a white one. Racialized perceptions of violence explain part of conservatives' hesitancy to support the movement when seeing a Black protestor and inhibits part of the otherwise-positive effect of seeing a Black protestor for liberals.


After decades of looking in vain, astronomers have finally found the optical and x‐ray "afterglow" of a gamma‐ray burster (GRB), together with a fuzzy object that may well be its parent galaxy. Of the several thousand GRBs that have been recorded by orbiting gamma detectors since the early 1970s, the one detected by the Italian‐Dutch BeppoSAX satellite on 28 February is the first, and so far the only one, for which a transient or persistent counterpart has been identified at any other wavelength.


Carotid near-occlusion (CNO) is the type of severe atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) with or without collapse of the vessel distally to the narrow part. According to the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET), severity of ICA stenosis highly correlates with the risk of stroke, except for cases of extremely critical stenosis > 94%, where the risk is lower, and, according to recent guidelines, conservative treatment is preferable. This consideration is questionable due to the recent data about early stroke recurrence and worldwide practice. Rapid improvement of endovascular technique during the last decade makes carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) a feasible option for the treatment of patients with CNO and is widely reported in the literature. However, in uncertain circumstances, more scientific data are necessary to fulfill the gap in indications, terms and risks of CAS for CNO.
The aim. To evaluate the results of the treatment of patients with CNO after CAS.
Materials and methods. Three hundred and fifteen patients were surgically treated at Scientific-Practical Center of Endovascular Neuroradiology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine due to ICA stenosis between 2010 and 2020. Among them, 39 (12.4%) patients (11 woman / 28 men (age 57.9±2.1 years) had CNO and underwent CAS at our Center. Patient population, clinical and radiological investigations, procedure compli-cations were investigated. Procedure complications (stroke, hemodynamic depression [HD] and hyperperfusion syndrome [HPS]) were meticulously studied. All the patients had routine ultrasound and clinical check 30 days after the procedure.
Results. All the patients with CNO were successfully stented with the improvement of the site of stenosis after CAS, with only minimal residual stenosis in cases of severe HD. We observed two procedural vascular accidents, first patient had transient ischemic attack (TIA) and one had stroke due to middle cerebral artery occlusion after stent placement and further urgent mechanical thrombectomy. The patient had no neurologic decline and was discharged home. We didn't observe any cases of myocardial infarction (MI) or death in our series during the hospital stay. HD was seen in 13 (33.3%) patients, and mostly resolved after the procedure except for 3 casesthat required prolonged intensive care unit stay. HPS was diagnosed in 2 (5.1%) patients and also didn't have anyneurologic consequences after supportive care. During 30 days of follow-up, one (2.6%) patient had TIA because of anti-platelets cessation and 1 (2.6%) patient had MI after 1 week since discharge. All control images revealedstents patency without the evidence of critical residual stenosis.
Conclusions. CNO remains important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Recent data showed high risk ofrecurrent stroke in case of CNO on best medical therapy, especially at an early stage, but it remains a preferred option according to guidelines. Considering worldwide improvement of stroke rates after CAS in patients with symptomatic ICA stenosis, further studies are warranted to evaluate its risk-benefit in case of CNO, especially with full collapse. Our data shows that CAS with careful preoperative diagnosis and planning is an effective procedure for selected patients with CNO.


A vision based multiple-user small arms training simulation system is proposed for small arms training. The proposed system allows 16 users to interactive with the scene displayed on a projection screen size of 5.33m ×3m. Infrared tracking technology and the theory of projective transformation are introduced. 3 groups of infrared markers are used and an infrared marker identification algorithm is developed. With the adoption of distortion correction, better system accuracy is obtained. Experimental results show that the proposed system is robust, real-time, and accurate for multiple-user small arms training simulation. Its application is also found in amusement and game fields.


of symposium, AIC's 46th Annual Meeting, May 29-June 2, 2018, Houston, Texas and mechanically defleshing to promote penetration of chemicals. There are many different types of tanning agents, including vegetable, mineral, aldehydes, and synthetic. These tannins can be used alone or in combination. Good quality bookbinding leathers should be vegetable tanned with slower acting pyrogallol tans. J Hewit & Sons predominantly uses sumac and tara tannins. After sorting by quality, the leathers may go through several steps to be finished. They are first wet shaved to an appropriate thickness and then dyed in drums. At the same time, the skins may also undergo retanning, archival tanning with aluminum, or fat liquoring to replace lost oils. After drying, skins may be sprayed with additional dye or pigment, glazed, pressed, or embossed with a false grain using a large hydraulic press as a final finishing step. Throughout the presentation, videos and images of each of these processes were shown. Additional details of the leather manufacturing process are available through J Hewit & Son's biannual newsletter, Skin Deep.


The Carpinus caroliniana Walter complex (Betulaceae) is a morphologically variable group extending geographically from southeastern Canada to northern Central America. In this study, a series of multivariate procedures has been applied to morphological data obtained from throughout the range of the complex to identify and characterize patterns of regional variation. The methods used include principal components analysis, an a posteriori test procedure (SNK test), and stepwise discriminant analysis. Coefficients of phenetic variation were obtained to estimate the withinand among-population variabilities of subgroups, and multiple regression analyses were used to determine relationships between variation patterns of morphological and environmental variables. These analyses demonstrate patterns of significant morphological differences corresponding to large geographical regions having distinct environmental conditions. Four major morpho-geographic groups are recognizable, these integrating in relatively narrow zones at their points of contact. Within the various groups, which possess character states linked to different ecological roles or survival strategies, the expression of individual characters is often in divergent directions, the changes related to different environmental features. Carpinus caroliniana Walter sensu lato (Betulaceae) ranges throughout the forested region of eastern North America from southern Quebec to western Minnesota, and south to coastal Texas, Louisiana, and central peninsular Florida. It occurs as well in the mountains of both eastern and western Mexico, extending as far south as the northern border of Nicaragua. North of Mexico, the species is usually represented by small, crooked trees occurring in the understory of moist woods, especially on floodplains and slopes adjacent to streams, where it sometimes reaches heights of about 10 meters and trunk diameters of 50 centimeters, although usually it is much smaller. It is found in the United States in a rather wide variety of topographic situations and occurs in vegetation ranging from mixed conifer-hardwoods to oakhickory and southern mixed forests. In Latin America, it grows at relatively high elevations, often in cloud forest vegetation, where it is sometimes a major component of the canopy, attaining trunk diameters of up to one meter and heights of as much as 20 meters. Geographically-correlated variation in the complex was first noted by Fernald (1935), who formally recognized the populations of the northeastern United States, adjacent Canada, and the Appalachian Mountains as C. caroliniana var. virginiana (Marshall) Fern., and those of the southeastern Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plains of the United States as Carpinus caroliniana var. caroliniana. The Latin American segment was given varietal status by John Donnell Smith in 1890 (C. americana var. tropicalis J. D. Smith), and species status by Lundell in 1939. Most members of each of these taxa are easily distinguished on the basis of shape, size, and margin characters of the leaves. However, none of the formal infraspecific or segregate taxa has received wide acceptance, and the entire complex, in most cases, has been treated as a single variable assemblage. Regional variation in a number of characters of the populations of the eastern United States, along a north-south transect extending from Michigan to Alabama, has been studied by Wardell (1976), Wardell and Winstead (1978), and Winstead et al. (1977). These studies demonstrated statistically significant clinal variation in fruit weight, infructescence bract width, wood specific gravity, bract surface area, and the amount of cold needed to initiate bud bursting in the spring. Bract length was found to be shortest at central latitudes. No prior attempt has been made to measure patterns of variation in the complex as a whole to test the validity of the taxonomic treatments discussed above. The purpose of the present study is to describe precisely the patterns of morphological variation of this widespread group, to clarify


This paper describes the Warthog Robotics 2D soccer simulation team. The team was runner-up at the Brazilian Robotics Competition (CBR) 2011 and, previously under the name of GEARSIM, won the CBR 2009 and the Latin American Robotics Competition (LARC) 2010. In this paper is presented the current team research focus, which has been designed and implemented within this last year.


Resistance against the routinely used antibiotics has reached a worrying level globally. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production is the major mechanism of antimicrobial resistance. These ESBLs bacteria are resistance to penicillin, cephalosporins, monobactams. TEM1&2, CTX-M, SHV are the main ESBLs genes present in Klebsiella pneumoniae, which is produced by the alteration of amino acid in the active site. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL genes such as blaTEM 1&2, blaCTX-M and blaSHV. The present study was carried out from April 2019 to September 2019, a total of 121 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected and subjected to phenotypic study. Among these 19 isolated was ESBL positive, genes (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M) were detected by conventional PCR method. blaTEM (100%) was the predominant gene detected flowed by CTX-M (68.42%) and SHV (57.89%). The highest level of antimicrobial resistance towards ampicillin (93.4%) followed by ceftriaxone (28.9%), cefotaxime (24.8%) and ciprofloxacin (22.3%). However, ESBL-producing isolates were showed resistance to ampicillin (100%) followed by ceftazidime (94.74%), cefotaxime (89.47%), amikacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (68%). Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria is due to the genes, especially extended spectrum beta lactamase, which is widely found in members of Enterobacteriaceae. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of studies regarding the distribution of ESBL in K. pneumoniae in Palakkad Dist., Kerala. Hence the aim of the current study determines the distribution of ESBL genes in ESBL producing K. pneumoniae isolated from various clinical samples.


The present study aims to characterize the ways in which specialized knowledge is disseminated and adapted in the discourse of American think tanks whose specificity lies in their objective to influence public policy. It offers a comparative rhetorical analysis of an exploratory corpus composed of blog posts and their corresponding expert reports published by six think tanks between 2014 and 2017. The following hypothesis is explored: blog posts are characterized by distinctive rhetorical strategies in the discursive space of think tanks and may thus be seen as a means for these organizations to carry out their programmatic aim. Results show that the format of the genre, as evidenced by the use of journalistic techniques such as titles and hooks, is particularly tailored to meet the needs and draw the attention of a wide audience on experts' work. An analysis of argumentative choices and hedging in the corpus further suggests that blogs may also represent a way for think tank experts to position themselves in the political arena. These overlapping communicative purposes more generally testify to the specialized nature of a new genre in think tanks' outreach strategy.


"…one should always attempt to construct an internal image of the universe of knowledge, and then ask if a given publication can, in any significant way, modify that image" - Charles A. Janeway, Jr. (Presidential Address, AAI, 1998)

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Dr. Charles Alderson Janeway, Jr. (


Introduction The production, trafficking and use of illicit drugs represent a major global phenomenon. Alongside the damage this causes to individuals and societies, drugs are also perceived to be a major cause of sustained violent conflict and state fragility. Despite concerted efforts to reduce drug production and trafficking, western counter-narcotic strategies have largely been a failure. The global drugs trade continues to flourish and the US-led War on Drugs has caused substantial perverse results (Jelsma & Kramer 2005; McCoy 2004; Tullis 1995; Van der Veen 2002). In the decade since the 1998 UN General Assembly Special Session on Drugs, which set 2008 as the date by which states should seek to "eliminate or significantly reduce the illicit manufacture, marketing and trafficking" (UN 1998) of drugs, global opium production grew by a staggering 78% (UNODC 2010c, 12). Over the past three decades the 2010 World Drug Report concedes that "global opium production and global coca production have grown by a factor of 6 (cocaine) and 7 (opium) during the last three decades" (UNODC 2010c, 1).


The Folk Psychiatry (FP) model proposes a process through which people understand mental illness, comprising four dimensions: pathologizing, moralizing, psychologizing, and medicalizing. Cultural group differences have been observed in previous research using part of this model, with one prior study suggesting that adherence to cultural values may partly explain these differences. The current study, therefore, evaluated whether horizontal–vertical and individualism–collectivism values contribute to explaining Chinese-Canadian (CC) versus Euro-Canadian (EC) cultural group differences among the FP dimensions. Undergraduate CC (n = 252) and EC (n = 296) students participated in an online survey, in which they read vignettes about a person exhibiting symptomatic behaviors of major depression. They were then asked about their impressions of the person's behavior, based on FP scales. Our results show that CCs were more likely to pathologize and moralize the behaviors described in our study vignette, whereas ECs were more likely to employ psychologizing explanations. When compared with ECs, CCs were significantly more likely to endorse vertical individualism and vertical collectivism and less likely to endorse horizontal collectivism. There was an indirect effect of cultural group on moralizing through the endorsement of vertical (i.e., hierarchical) values. Our findings suggest that valuing social order and adherence to social norms may partly explain why some people view mental health problems as a personal fault.


It expounds the requirements of design and manufacture for HV LV increased safe induction motor and high voltage increased safe brushless excitation synchronous motor,especially some measures should be taken,to ensure the explosion protection performance.And these motors should be withstood the inspection and testing according to related standards.


Higher Mathematics is an important compulsory course in higher vocational institutes.According to the main problems existed in current vocational education,the writer drew a preliminary discussion of the practical methods about the teaching of Higher Mathematics in the higher vocational institutes from the aspects of thought,content,methods and skills of teaching.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at the research needs of undergraduate and graduate business students at Monmouth University.Design/methodology/approach – Students were surveyed regarding the types of business course assignments that require research and the number of sources which must be cited for these research projects. The information‐seeking behaviors of business students used in gathering these sources were examined, looking at where these students began their research, which tools they used, and the challenges they faced in conducting research. The paper also investigated the students' preferred methods of seeking assistance in completing their research, as well as how they evaluated the credibility of sources they uncovered.Findings – Student research requirements for homework assignments were fairly evenly distributed between very often/often and sometimes/never. Overall, students noted that presentations required research very often or often. Only 2.35 percent reported no researc...


Using H2O2 as primary oxidant and quaternary ammonium salt as the phase transfer agent, a new sort of reaction-controlled phase transfer catalysts were synthesized by different methods, and their catalytic performances were investigated. The reaction-controlled phase transfer catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD) and infrared spectroscopic analysis(IR). The results show that the new sort of reaction-controlled phase transfer catalyst can be successfully obtained by direct reaction of H3PW12O40 /H2O2 /R4N+Br- or the catalytic system of H2WO4 / H3PO4 / R4N+Br- / H2O2.The catalysts obtained by two methods have obvious catalytic activity in epoxidation.


1. This topic is an integral part of the joint research project "Strengthening the Education of Ethnic Minorities in China" of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the State Education Commission (SEdC). Its objective is to provide a theoretical basis for the enactment of bilingual education policies by the central and local governments through on-the-spot investigation of the region where the Yi ethnic minority of Liangshan live in compact communities. It also aims at providing the basis for policy-making by the ADB in its effort to offer financial aid for the education of Chinese ethnic minorities. Its ultimate goal is to help the ethnic minorities to keep their traditional culture on the one hand and to better enter mainstream society and smoothly achieve their own modernization on the other through the enactment of bilingual education policies for ethnic minorities in different lingual environments.


A newly technique of extrusion process is introduced in this paper,in which the principle and machining process of this technique is described in detail.It is worth to be adopted after verification for the effect of this technique.


A case of symmetric papular and lichenoid dermatitis of the extremities in a child is reported and its similarity to cases of the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is discussed. The histological picture is compatible with an atypical and focal lichenoid eruption.


As a further indication of physiological state at various intervals it is pertinent to comment on the precocial antler development of the experimental males. Almost all fawns have naked antler buttons up to inch long when 4-5 months old. At 15 months, when the wild stock usually have spike antlers, or at the most forked antlers, our animals have had 3 or even 4 point antlers with a spread of up to 12 inches.


The publication of Rome IV saw the introduction of the term 'disorder of gut brain interaction' as a replacement for the previously used terminology 'functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder' to describe GI conditions classified by symptoms related to any combination of motility disturbance, visceral hypersensitivity, dysregulated mucosal or immune function and gut microbiota, or altered central nervous system processing. A driving force for this change was a need to address the false perception that 'functional' disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are less real than 'organic' disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to the absence of frank pathology in functional disorders which were often considered psychiatric or undefined in nature. While there is no doubt tissue from patients with IBS do not display histological or transcriptomic changes to the extent seen in IBD patients an evergrowing body of data has repeatedly shown marked functional effects of samples from patients with IBS in experiments measuring end points mechanistically relevant to IBS symptomology, for example, the activation of pain sensing nerves or nociceptors. This is best illustrated by CibertGoton et al who showed a highly significant correlation between the stimulation of visceral nociceptors by biopsy samples from 42 IBSD patients and respective patients pain scores. This study and many others like it have consistently confirmed the presence of a pronociceptive bowel environment in patients with IBS using samples collectively taken from hundreds of patients. The study by Tuck et al (published in Gut) marks another important piece of this IBS puzzle, revealing the resolution of pronociceptive activity in faecal samples from a subset of patients with IBS which responded with a reduction in pain scores following introduction of a low FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides And Polyols) diet. This study provides further data linking pain symptomology to the effect IBS patient samples on nociceptive signalling via the analgesic response to a low FODMAP diet and suggests that a low FODMAP diet reduces neurogenic mediator levels within the bowel of responsive patients. What distinguishes this group of patients from others is unclear, however, pretreatment with a proteinase inhibitor, or a cocktail of histamine receptor antagonists prevented the sensitisation of colonic afferents by IBS faecal supernatants indicating the involvement of these mediators. However, the effect of these interventions was not tested against the response to faecal supernatants from the group of patients with IBS who reported no change in pain scores on a low FODMAP diet, and so the specificity of these mediators for the pain responder group of patients with IBS is unclear. Furthermore, histamine levels measured in the faecal supernatant were appreciably lower than the affinity constant (Ki) for histamine at the histamine H1 receptor questioning its role in nociceptor sensitisation. That said, histamine metabolites can also stimulate nociceptive signalling in sensory neurons via the H1 receptor 3 and so the contribution of histamine H1 receptors to IBS patient supernatant responses may be mediated by both histamine and its metabolites. Irrespective of these issues the study by Tuck et al builds on the seminal work from Barbara et al and Cenac et al, which revealed the contribution of histamine and proteinase signalling to the pronociceptive effects of IBS patient samples, and complements the exceptional work by De Palma et al and McIntosh et al, which highlighted a reduction in urinary histamine levels in patients with IBS responding to a low FODMAP diet and the ability of prediet faecal samples from these patients to evoke visceral hypersensitivity when fed to germ free mice, an effect linked to increase production of histamine and reversed by giving a low FODMAP diet to the mice. Interestingly, the clinical study by Wouters et al showing efficacy of the histamine H1 receptor antagonist ebastine for the treatment of IBS, also demonstrated an inhibitory effect of ebastine on pain scores evoked by colorectal distension that was greatest in the subgroup of patients displaying visceral hypersensitivity suggesting that histamine preferentially contributes to the sensitisation of pain signalling in patients with IBS. Furthermore, Buhner et al demonstrated that the pronociceptive responses to biopsy samples are found in samples from IBS patients hypersensitive but not normosensitive to colorectal distension. The relationship between visceral hypersensitivity, responsiveness to a low FODMAP diet and the contribution of histamine would therefore be a key goal for any future followup study. Similarly, the recent work by Vervier et al using robust household controls demonstrated the presence of a 'pathological' microbiome (compared with healthy microbiome) in patients with IBS showing the most marked decrease in symptom scores to a low FODMAP diet. Whether these patients with IBS with a pathological microbiome similarly possess a pronociceptive bowel environment linked to histamine or proteinase activity and exhibit visceral hypersensitivity to colorectal distension is yet another intriguing question to be answered. Finally, although the processes regulating the pronociceptive activity within faecal compared with tissue supernatants samples may share common features, they are not identical. In the study by Tuck et al biopsy supernatants unlike faecal supernatants did not alter rheobase in sensory neurones. The reasons for this are not clear as biopsy supernatants from patients with IBS robustly stimulate visceral nociceptor activity. However, it may reflect differences in the diversity of mediators present or the process which give rise to such mediators in biopsy tissue compared with faecal samples. For example, the pioneering study by AguileraLizarraga et al showing gut restricted loss of oral tolerance to food antigens in patients with IBS highlighted a contribution of tissue mast cells but not the microbiota to this mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity. Notwithstanding, the work by Tuck et al provides further compelling evidence of the pronociceptive changes in patients with IBS and reinforces the critical importance of integrating functional studies alongside multimodal measurements of mediators or the microbiome in studies of patients with IBS. Such work will undoubtably reveal further contributions from luminal and tissue factors to patient symptomology and identify opportunities Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK


The purpose of the study is to calculate the lightning stresses on equipment from the coupling with the bundles taking into account the shielded wires. The calculation uses the Kron's method applied to EMC. We check the calculation results by electronic conception software as well as experimental tests.


The nonlinear grating problem is modeled by Maxwell's equations with transparent boundary conditions. The nonlocal boundary operators are truncated by taking sufficiently many terms in the corresponding expansions. A finite element method with the truncation operators is developed for solving the nonlinear grating problem. The two posterior error estimates are established. The a posterior error estimate consists of two parts: finite element discretization error and the truncation error of the nonlocal boundary operators. In particular, the truncation error caused by truncation operations is exponentially decayed when the parameter N is increased. Numerical experiment is included to illustrate the efficiency of the method. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 1101–1118, 2015


Global competition is an age-old phenomenon of the corporate world prevalent in most countries in different levels. Global competition offers opportunities to look within and beyond to expand business activities. In globalization era companies compete not only to make profit but also to establish excellence and follow ethical practices for sustainance. Competition is needed 'as an end in itself' and not nearly 'as a means to an end'. Competition 'as an end in itself' is not merely an idea but it also reflects the impact of an individual's values-based training on one's thoughts and actions. Indian companies in globalization era should develop their own ethical framework, that upholds transparency, objectivity and consistency in business processes as well as products. Indian philosophical insights offer several human values such as truth, honesty, and self-excellence which are very relevant to society. Different schools of Indian philosophy emphasize upon reflective thoughts and meaningful actions which are are intricate, deep and dynamic. The paper aims to suggest a module based on Indian values system. The module is basically a self-designed ethical grid, which can be adopted by the industries in India to stabilize success and systematize business practices. This will enable business executives to compete in a holistic manner within the country as well as across the world. It also evolves meaningful approaches for the corporate world in redefining perspective of competition. Training modules can create awareness about Indian perspective on global competition which is the theme of the paper.


Second harmonic microscopy (SHM) has emerged as a powerful nondestructive optical imaging modality that has high potential to perform the advanced structural characterization of intact articular cartilage. This article provides the current status, opportunities and challenges of SHM for the use in cartilage evaluation. A novel perspective on SHM is being addressed that includes the reason, need and the importance of SHM in the assessment of articular cartilage. By taking the advantage of collagen specificity and high-resolution imaging, SHM can detect the structural and morphological changes in early stage cartilage damage that would otherwise be overlooked by standard clinical imaging methods such as radiography and arthroscopy. The current status of SHM for articular cartilage analysis and the major progress reported in recent literature are briefly described herein. We summarize the status of scientific efforts and the challenges that need to overcome before moving towards clinical applications of SHM in the context of cartilage evaluation.


Gasoline–air mixture explosions mostly occur in buried tank rooms, which are annular cylindrical confined spaces with circular arches. In this paper, explosion experiments at different gasoline–air mixture volume fractions are carried out in an annular cylindrical steel bench with a circular arch curvature radius of 900 mm and an annular half-perimeter to radial width ratio of 12π. The results show that the development process of explosion overpressure is clearly divided into four stages after first-order differentiation treatment. Compared with other types of confined spaces, 1.70% is still the most dangerous gasoline–air mixture volume fraction. However, this type of confined space has a larger inner surface area in the same volume condition, which will inevitably increase the heat absorption rate, reduce the chemical reaction rate, and slow down the flame propagation speed. Meanwhile, this spatial structure will inevitably make the explosion flames collide, which will promote positive feedback coupling between explosion flames and pressure waves, making the explosion more violent and dangerous. These results can provide theoretical and technical support for the explosion prevention design of buried tank rooms.


OBJECTIVE
To review the current strategies for use of sedatives and analgesics in emergency rooms and intensive care units.

SOURCE OF DATA
Original data from our emergency rooms and intensive care units; Medline literature review focused on sedatives and analgesic drugs; textbooks.

SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS
Despite the advances in understanding pain in children, in many critical care units the misguided treatment of pain and anxiety still results in significant morbidity. Difficulties in communication, invasive procedures and the belief that children do not have sufficient neurologic development to process noxious sensations are still a challenge in intensive care units.

CONCLUSIONS
The last decade was marked by significant advances in understanding pediatric pain. Treating intensive care unit-related pain and anxiety has clear benefits which may influence the course of disease.


Hatching of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) eggs was delayed or prevented if they were exposed to water of lowered pH (4.0–5.5) after eye pigmentation had developed. Hatching subsequently could be induced by returning eggs to normal pH levels (6.6–6.8). Perivitelline pH fell rapidly to near ambient levels when eggs were exposed to low pH. It is suggested that the observed effects on hatching were due to inhibition of the hatching enzyme, chorionase.Key words: Atlantic salmon, eggs, pH, perivitelline fluid, chorionase


While the world is moving towards achieving sustainable development goals for responsible production and consumption, there is a need for metrics deployment for lower practical levels. From a manufacturing perspective, definitions of sustainability indicators are required for industrial processes and operations. These metrics encourage the evaluation of manufactured parts and whether they meet the quality requirements in both a qualitative and quantitative way. The present contribution proposes a framework for defining a structured set of metrics customizable for operations in different manufacturing technologies. In order to validate the proposal, an experimental data analysis of turning operations was completed and the surface integrity was defined as the control feature. The selected material was AISI 1018 and the main process parameters were controlled in order to identify their influence—not only in the final mechanical quality of the part, but also in the sustainability indicators. To achieve this goal, a set of experiments was performed wherein some of the fundamental machining parameter values were fixed, while other key parameters were modified. The results obtained helped to determine the criteria for predicting the quality of the turning operation when the effects are not readily evident in visual or dimensional inspections, as well as in evaluating the environmental impact that guarantees optimal part manufacturing.


Allantoin (All) is an oxidative end product of purines in mammals. The small amount of All present in human plasma or serum results from free radical action on urate and may provide a stable marker of in vivo free radical activity. Because free radicals have been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, this study focused on the metabolic compounds of the All pathway. We propose a new fast CE (CE/UV) method for the simultaneous determination of All, uric acid (UA), hypoxanthine (HX), and xanthine (X) in human plasma. These products were quantified in the plasma of patients with chronic renal failure before hemodialysis (n = 6), patients with chronic heart failure (n = 6) and controls (n = 6). The filtered plasma were diluted ten‐fold before the direct injection in CE/UV (195 nm), which allows separating the four compounds in less than 13 min. The metabolites were detectable at concentrations of 0.3–0.6 μmol/L. The method was linear over the range 0.5–150 μmol/L for All, HX, and X and 10–1500 μmol/L for UA (r > 0.99). The analytical performance of this method is satisfactory with intra‐assay CV < 3.4%, inter‐assay CV < 5% (HX and X < 7%), and recovery (93–101%). The proposed CE‐UV method appears to be a useful tool for studying physiological and pathological changes of HX, UA, and All levels in plasma samples, the latter being a possible indicator of free radical damage in vivo.


Metal Aluminium film EM failure mechanism has been studied under pulsed stress, and the Metal Aluminium EM reliability under pure AC stress has been discussed, a detailed specification has been made about relative factor affecting test structures. Metal Aluminium film EM in general AC stress has been researched with Fourier decomposition, developing a Metal Aluminium film EM life model under in general AC stress.


ABSTRACT
Rohmadoni. 'Analisis Semantis Idiom Bahasa Jepang yang Memakai Bagian Tubuh Kaki',
Thesis Department of Japanese Studies Faculty of Humanities. Diponegoro University, The first
advisor Drs. Surono, S.U. The second advisor, Elizabeth I.H.A.N.R., S.S., M.Hum.
This research observes the idiom which use part of body's leg in Japanese language. It aims
to define the relations between lexical meanings of the Japanese idioms that have the lexeme leg in
their structure and their structure idiomatic meanings. It also seeks to explain the changes of meaning
of the lexeme leg when used in an idiom in the Japanese language.
Analysis is carried out first by classifying the data based on their syntactic structures, then on
relations of their lexical meanings and idiomatic meanings. Furthermore, the data will be categorized
based on the changes of their meanings.
The study concludes that (1) idiom is ;(2) there are four syntactical structures of Japanese
idioms using organ term ashi 'leg' namely: ashi + ga + V, ashi + ga + Adj, ashi + ga + N + ni + V,
ashi + wo + V; (3) there are five idiom classifications concerning how their lexical meanings relate to
their idiomatic meanings, namely: conditions, a degree, value; a sense, feeling; society, culture, life;
the body, character, behavior; an act, movement, and action.
Keywords: leg, idiom
1. Pendahuluan


As human E (HuE) treated with neuraminidase (Neu) are resistant to hemolysis by human serum but are readily lysed by heterologous serum via the alternative C pathway, we attempted to produce mAb which might modify Neu-treated HuE (Neu-HuE) so as to render them sensitive to homologous C. A hybridoma, clone -1F5, was obtained by screening for antibody which caused hemolysis of Neu-HuE by human serum via the alternative C pathway. We have shown that this antibody (1F5) of IgG1 isotype blocks the action of a 20-kDa membrane inhibitor capable of interfering with the terminal step in the homologous C cascade. The antigenic molecule can be termed HRF20, which stands for homologous restriction factor (HRF) with m.w. 20,000, because its function is essentially the same as that of HRF (68,000) reported by others.


The contemporary Orthodox Theological research feels the need of works that provide an overview of the most important biographies and creations from the Christian space, and that create bridges between different faiths. Now, this need is partly answered to by the first volume from the series Contemporary spiritual personalities, written by Father Benedict Vesa.


After defining in detail the Lambert $W$-function branches, we give a large number of exact identities involving (infinite) symmetric functions of these branches, as well as geometrically convergent series for all the branches. In doing so, we introduce a family of polynomials which may be of independent interest.


Endoscope images suffer from undesired luminance nonuniformity and loss of contrast because of variation of light resource intensity.The illumination-reflectance model and homomorphic filter are discussed for endoscope image enhancement.A novel homomorphic filter based on wavelet transform is proposed,which adopts fast 2D wavelet transform instead of Fourier transform.The wavelet analysis coefficients are processed by using a nonlinear mapping to attenuate the low spatial frequencies and amplify the high spatial frequencies.The experiments show that the new method can eliminate the non-uniform distribution of luminance of endoscope image effectively.Moreover,the method performs well in enhancing the local contrast of endoscope image,and its performance is better than that of the traditional homomorphic filter.


Presentation of Case A 57-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of evidence of gram-negative bacteremia, with peripheral edema and erythema of the leg with bullae. The patient had been ...


Aim:  To  compare  the  risk  factors  associated  with  the  nursing diagnosis  risk  of infection  in  patients  during  the  postoperative  period,  according  to  the taxonomy  of  NANDA-I,  with  factors  present  in  patients  with  established  infection. Method: an analytical, cross-sectional study with 80 patients in the postoperative period. Results: risk factors: inadequate primary defense (ruptured skin and invasive procedures), smoking and inadequate secondary defense by the suppressed inflammatory response were statistically significant in patients at risk of infection. In the group  of  patients  with  an  established  infection,  there  was  a  positive  association  for inadequate  primary  defense  (ruptured  skin  and  invasive  procedures)  and  decreased hemoglobin. Discussion: for an overall assessment of the predictive factors for infection, an integrated multifactorial analysis, including the whole perioperative period is required. Conclusion: inadequate  primary defense  for invasive  procedures  and  ruptured skin  and decreased hemoglobin were factors associated with both the risk and for the presence of infection.


During transportation of waxy crude oil, wax precipitation may lead to pipeline blockage and difficult re-start after shutdown. To address this problem, after analysis of operating parameters, hydraulic friction formula transformation and SPS modeling are made to derive the content of non-effl uents mainly consisting of wax precipitated along a long-distance pipeline. Considering the fi lter stoppage and lower pour point of PPD-added oil head when it arrives at terminal station, actual volume of non-effl uents is obtained. Both results are compared, indicating that the calculated wax content tallies with the actual wax content, so the model meets the requirements basically. Because of large difference of viscosity between Chad high pour point oil with PPD and without PPD, an PPD-added oil head tracking method is proposed according to pressure drop variation between valve chambers/stations. The method is used to estimate the approximate location of PPD-added oil head, providing a reference to the determination when and how much depressant is added in high pour point and high waxy crude oil pipeline.


The viscoelastic behaviour of hard and semi-hard cheeses was investigated in relation to sensory assessment of texture. The experiments consisted of two separate studies which involved sensory and uniaxial compression tests on eight cheeses in each study. The stress-strain data of the cheeses were approximated well by a power law relationship, showing that the strain and the time dependent variables were separable. The cheeses exhibited similar time dependent behaviour, so the degree of correlation between sensory and instrumental measurements was not influenced significantly by changing the deformation rate in the instrumental tests. Sensory firmness appeared to correlate with instrumental stiffness measurements in one study, but not in the other. This was probably due to the use of different panels and methods of sensory assessment.


The term bullous disease is reserved for multiple bullae in lungs that are otherwise normal.This entity is different in etiology and pathogenesis from
that in which bullae occur in conjunction with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).The present report is regarding a case of
emphysematous bullae in a 31 yr old female in right lower lobe.The patient underwent right lower lung segmental resection where fungal ball was
found intraoperatively and was removed.The patient had an uneventful recovery postoperatively


Objective To probe into the clinical significance of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD).Methods Serum ANCA was measured in 98 children with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease from November 1,2005 to November 1,2006.We evaluated the relationship between results and IVIG responsiveness,and coronary abnormalities in Kawasaki disease.Results The positive ANCA in KD was about 69.4%.Statistical analysis showed that the positive ANCA was not related to the responding of IVIG (P0.05),but was related to the development of coronary abnormalities( P0.05).Conclusion ANCA perhaps plays an important role in the development of KD in children.ANCA contributes to the development of coronary abnormalities.


In view of the differences in flow and experimental conditions, there has been a continuing debate as to whether or not the ultrasonic method of producing cavitation damage is similar to the damage occurring in cavitating flow systems, namely, venturi and rotating disk devices. In this paper, the progress of cavitation damage during incubation periods on polycrystalline copper and brass tested in a rotating disk device is presented. The results indicate several similarities and differences in the damage mechanism encountered in a rotating disk device (which simulates field rotary devices) and a magnetostriction apparatus. The macroscopic erosion appears similar to that in the vibratory device except for nonuniform erosion and apparent plastic flow during the initial damage phase.


Introduction : Present day medical treatment often involves a polytherapeutic approach whereby patients receive several medications from multiple physicians, thereby risking adverse drug interactions. Checking for possible drug interactions in a busy clinical setting poses a challenge due to the time pressures of modern medical practice. Otolaryngologists and rhinology sub-specialists receive very little education in drug interactions, and easy to use reference materials are not readily available in most ENT offices. In this manuscript, we review potential drug interactions for one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medication that ENT specialists prescribe, antibiotics. We provide a practical reference for general otolaryngologists and rhinologists to utilize in their busy modern day clinical practices. Methods/Results : Drug interactions for commonly prescribed antibiotics in ENT/rhinology practice were identified using PubMed and Cochrane Library database to search for articles published from inception until December 31, 2022. Full-text articles were reviewed to identify drug combinations that present risk and to identify specific management recommendations to reduce potential harm. Discussion: Numerous drug-drug interactions exist between antibiotics and other commonly prescribed medications. These interactions can potentially lead to the development of toxic levels of a drug and harm. We provide an easily accessible summary of these interactions and management considerations that would allow ENTs/rhinologists to screen for these potential sources of harm in their busy clinical practices.


Discovery of the clinical utility of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) to convert ventricular fibrillation and fast ventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm has improved the prognosis of ...


Genocide is defined here as organized and unilateral mass killing on the basis of ethnicity. While some have focused on genocide as a type of deviance, most genocide is also social control—a response to behavior itself defined as deviant. As such, it can be explained as a part of a general theory of social control. Black's (1998) theories of social control explain the handling of conflicts with their social geometry—that is, with the social characteristics of those involved in the conflict. Here, Blackian theories of social control are extended to specify the social geometry of genocide as follows: genocide varies directly with immobility, cultural distance, relational distance, functional independence, and inequality; and it is greater in a downward direction than in an upward or lateral direction. This theory of genocide can be applied to numerous genocides throughout history, and it is capable of ordering much of the known variation in genocide—such as when and where it occurs, how severe it is, and who participates.


Sucrose isformed inthecytoplasm ofleaf cells fromtriose phosphates exported fromthechloroplast. Flux control isshared amongkeyenzymes ofthepathway, oneofwhichissucrosephosphate synthase (SPS). Regulation ofSPSbyprotein phosphorylation isimportant invivo andmayexplain diurnal changes inSPS activity andcarbon partitioning. Thesignal transduction pathway mediating thelight activation ofSPSinvivoappears toinvolve metabolites andnovel 'coarse' control oftheprotein phosphatase that dephosphorylates andactivates SPS.Regulation ofthephosphorylation ofSPSmayprovide ageneral mechanism whereby sucrose formation iscoordinated withtherateofphotosynthesis andtherate ofnitrate assimilation. There areapparent differences amongspecies intheproperties ofSPSthat mayreflect different strategies forthecontrol ofcarbon partitioning. TheSPSgenehas recently beencloned frommaize; results ofpreliminary studies withtransgenic tomato plants expressing high levels ofmaizeSPS support thepostulate that SPSactivity caninfluence thepartitioning ofcarbon between starch andsucrose.


Supervised classification or pattern recognition is a method to solve decision problems in Social Sciences. It is organized on the basis of specific sets of predictor variables and the existence of classes known a priori. Based on a training sample, its main objective is to construct a classification rule in order to predict the class to which a new object belongs. Nowadays, the availability and efficacy of powerful computers have made possible many advances in this field, both in Statistics and Computer Sciences. In this section, different methods will be discussed and illustrated with the results obtained in several applications. The following topics will be dealt with: Parametric Discriminant Analysis, Non-parametric Discriminant Analysis, Logistic Discriminant Analysis, Neuronal Networks, Recursive Partitioning and Estimation of Error Rates. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES A course on Supervised Classification Methods is proposed in this presentation. It is intended for postgraduate students in the field of Social Sciences with previous knowledge of Multivaried Statistics. Linear Discriminant Analysis, derived from the assumption of Multivaried Normality and restricted to continuous data sets, was the first method developed to construct a classification rule based on a training sample. The habitual presence of large databases with mixed variables and the advances in informatics have favored the growth of a great variety of alternative methods, developed by applied researchers in the fields of statistics and informatics and spread in business organizations within data mining tools. This proposal aims at enabling the course participants to acquire skills to: 1. Recognize the ability of the techniques to increase knowledge regarding a given problem. 2. Identify situations where the application of each method is appropriate. 3. Apply software to carry out the processing task and interpret the results properly. 4. Analyze and interpret results and compare different methods. 5. Report the results to people responsible for decision making who have no previous knowledge of statistics. 6. Understand the literature published about this topic in the most widely read journals. COURSE DESCRIPTION The course content has been designed to provide the participants with basic notions of Supervised Classification and the description of some methods. A selection of the methods to develop in this course was necessary because of their great expansion in the last few years. The inclusion criterion used was the application frequency of the different methods. "Supervised Classification methods" comprise a family of multivaried techniques aimed at obtaining rules which make it possible to assign new objects characterized by a variable vector to one of the various preexisting groups. "Classified object" names an object whose origin group is known. A rule to assign unclassified objects to one of the groups will be referred to as an assignation rule or classifier. Statistically, the problem is set out as follows: beginning with a training sample, i.e., a set of objects known to be members of one of the pre-established groups, a rule is derived which makes it possible to assign each of the observations to one of the mutually exclusive and exhaustive groups, minimizing the chance of classifying the individuals wrongly. In the first part of the course the basic notions and the types of errors likely to be made are defined and the assignation rule is derived which makes it possible to minimize the chance of classifying wrongly. The classification into two groups is considered first and it is later generalized for more than two. The rules are exemplified below by assuming multivaried normality, a supposition which justifies the use of Parametric Methods in their different variants. If it is not plausible to suppose normality in order to obtain the classification rule, Non-parametric


Intracranial tuberculosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries where tuberculosis is endemic. In the central nervous system tuberculosis manifests as cerebritis, cerebral abscess, tuberculoma, and tuberculous meningitis (TBM). TBM is thought to arise from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seeding of a ruptured pial or subependymal granuloma. Tuberculomata result from haematogenous dissemination and histologically are granulomas with central areas of caseous necrosis. Tuberculomata may develop whilst patients are on treatment for TB. The co-occurrence of intracranial tuberculoma and TBM is well recognized. Medical therapy is effective for both forms, with a high cure rate in TBM, and a regression in size of the lesion with improvement of neurological deficit in tuberculoma. Deterioration in patients with TBM is caused by the development of obstructive hydrocephalus or cerebral infarction on the basis of endarteritis. Deterioration in patients with tuberculoma may result from paradoxical expansion of the lesion, poor treatment compliance, and postulated haemorrhage into the tuberculoma. Intracranial haemorrhage as a complication of TBM has been described, albeit rarely. There are a few case reports of patients with TBM complicated by intraventricular, intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage on an aneurysmal or non-aneurysmal basis. We describe here a patient with TBM and an associated left cerebellar tuberculoma who suddenly deteriorated and died on treatment. A large haemorrhage involving the right cerebellum, with subarachnoid extension was demonstrated on computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain and at postmortem. These findings are discussed with respect to the possible mechanism/s of haemorrhage in intracranial tuberculosis. Case report


In this work, I analyze the relations of proximity and antagonism between Neo-Pentecostalism and Afro-Brazilian religions, and their consequences for the transformation of the Brazilian social imaginary constructed on the basis of values derived from these two fields.


The changes made to Eskom's IDM ESCo model in 2015 forces energy services companies to sustain industrial DSM project performance for thirty-six months. Historically, typical industrial DSM performance declines shortly after the performance assessment period. To help ESCos adapt to the new program, processes were developed to manage the sustainability of industrial DSM project performance. Three separate industrial DSM projects were chosen as case studies. ESCo project teams were tasked with using the developed processes with the implementation and/or maintenance of the projects. Case study 1 showed an average performance increase of 47% over a period of six months. Case study 2 showed an average performance increase of 26% over a period of six months. Case study 3 showed an average performance increase of 383% over a period of ten months. The management strategies developed are versatile and can be implemented on any industrial DSM project.


ActiveX is widely used in Windows environment which can be deployed in server side and client side. This paper first discussed ways of installing and registering ActiveX DLL and we resolves the problem of data type dismatch when applying ActiveX DLL in Web application,and we also compares the benefits of applying ActiveX DLL in the client and in the server.


A bstract: W epresenta com pletestring theory analysisofallm ixed gauge,gravitationaland target-spaceanom aliespotentially arising in thesim plestheterotic ZN orbifold m odels,with N odd and standard embedding. These anom alies turn out to beencoded in an ellipticindex,which can beeasily com puted;they arefound to cancelthrough auniversalGS m echanism induced by thedilaton multiplet.Thetarget-space sym m etry isthen shown to have a nice geom etric interpretation in term s oftorsion,and the target-space dependence ofthe four-dim ensionalGS couplings can bealternatively rederived from theim plicittorsion dependence ofthestandard ten-dim ensionalGS couplings. The result is universaland consists essentially of


Brazil is the largest center of species diversity of passionfruit, where two of the species are commercially grown: sweet passionfruit and the yellow passionfruit. In this country, the production of plants of round yellow passionfruit occurs primarily by seed, therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of gibberellic acid (AG3) in the initial development of seedlings of round yellow passionfruit. The experiment was conducted in screenhouse with intermittent irrigation and at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis. During this study seeds of round yellow passionfruit were used, subjected the three concentrations of gibberellic acid (0, 500, 1.000mg L -1


This study was conducted to determine the effects of different organic fertilizers on plant growth, yield, quality properties and element contents in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). The research was carried out under open field conditions in Bolu province. In the study, Matador spinach variety was used and seven different applications were examined. The applications were as follows: 1) Control, 2) Chicken manure, 3) Turkey manure, 4) Sheep manure, 5) Cattle manure, 6) Vermicompost and 7) Chemical fertilizer. The experiment was established in randomized complete block design with three replications. According to the research findings, significant differences were found among the applications. In general, organic fertilizer applications significantly increased yield, plant height, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, dry matter content, number of marketable leaves, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and selenium contents of the plant in comparison with control and chemical fertilizer. The highest yield was determined in cattle manure application. It was observed that cattle manure increased the yield by 88.08% compared to the control and increased the yield by 41.16% compared to the chemical fertilizer. In organic fertilizer applications, heavy metal contents such as arsenic, chrome, cobalt, and nickel were found to be lower than the control and, aluminum and cadmium contents were found to be lower than chemical fertilizer. As a result, it was determined that organic fertilizers examined in the study have positive effects on plant growth, yield, quality properties and element contents of spinach and organic fertilizers can be used successfully for sustainable agriculture in spinach cultivation.


Abstract Churning power losses are an important portion of transmission load-independent power losses, especially in high-speed condition and dip-lubricated gearboxes with high immersion depth. Generally, it is difficult to calculate the churning power losses due to the parameters of stirring oil and many other operating conditions. In this article, a method is proposed to determine the factors that influence churning power losses in gearboxes. Firstly, based on the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method, a numerical model of single-stage gears stirring oil is established. Then the accuracy of the established model is validated experimentally. Finally, the orthogonal simulation analysis is carried out to analyze the influence of gear rotation speed, tooth width, helix angle, immersion depth, and oil temperature on the churning power losses.


This chapter should be cited as: Thomas J, Askie LM, Berlin JA, Elliott JH, Ghersi D, Simmonds M, Takwoingi Y, Tierney JF, Higgins HPT. Chapter 22: Prospective approaches to accumulating evidence. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.0 (updated July 2019). Cochrane, 2019. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.


We investigate the differential properties of a vectorial Boolean function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> obtained by modifying an APN function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This generalizes previous constructions where a function is modified at a few points. We characterize the APN-ness of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> via the derivatives of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and deduce an algorithm for searching for APN functions whose values differ from those of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F$ </tex-math></inline-formula> only on a given set <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U \subseteq \mathbb {F}_{2^{n}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We introduce a value <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Pi _{F}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> associated with any <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is invariant under CCZ-equivalence. We express a lower bound on the distance between a given APN function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the closest APN function in terms of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Pi _{F}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We show how <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Pi _{F}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be computed efficiently for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F$ </tex-math></inline-formula> quadratic. We compute <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Pi _{F}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for all known APN functions over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {F}_{2^{n}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n \le 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This is the first new CCZ-invariant for APN functions to be introduced within the last ten years. We derive a mathematical formula for this lower bound for the Gold function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F(x) = x^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and observe that it tends to infinity with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, we describe how to efficiently find all sets <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U$ </tex-math></inline-formula> such that, taking <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G(x) = F(x) + v$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x \in U$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G(x) = F(x)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x \notin U$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G(x)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is APN.


Complex fluorides KCoF3 and KNiF3 with perovskite structures were solvothermally synthesized at 120–180 °C and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy.


Chromosome painting is now routinely used to identify induced stable chromosomal rearrangements, which are difficult and expensive to analyze with classical cytogenetic methods. Theoretically the inherent stability of translocations, in contrast to unstable dicentrics, enables their use as a biodosimeter for chronic and temporally-displaced exposure. To quantify the effects of adverse exposure, it is important that the baseline frequency of stable aberrations be well understood. Recently we have used chromosome painting to show that translocations accumulate with age. We have now extended this study to nearly 100 subjects ranging in age from newborns (umbilical cord bloods, n=14) to adults aged 19-79 years. All subjects were healthy, had not received chemo- or radiotherapy, and had not been occupationally or accidentally exposed to radiation or chemicals. We scored the equivalent of 1000 metaphase cells for each subject, and observed an overall average of 1.36 stable aberrations per 100 cells. Stable aberrations increased significantly with age, and were observed at frequencies of 0.19{plus_minus}0.04, 0.77{plus_minus}0.07, and 2.39{plus_minus}0.24 per 100 cells in cord blood, adults aged 19 to 49, and adults over age 50, respectively. To understand the extent that lifestyle factors influence the frequency of stable aberrations, each subject (or one parent of eachmore » newborn) completed a comprehensive questionnaire inquiring about lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary habits. No smoking effect is apparent in adults, however newborns whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had a 2.6-fold increase in stable aberration frequencies (p=0.033). Repeat samples from a subset of the adults suggest that individual translocation frequencies change little over a period of -3 years.« less


The invention provides a sliding rail support and a sliding rail assembling system using the same. The sliding rail support comprises a main body part, a clamping part extending from one end of the main body and a foundation part connected with the clamping part. The sliding rail assembling system comprises a base station, a lifting mechanism and a controller, wherein stations where automobile sliding rails are placed are arranged on the base station, the lifting mechanism can be controlled to move up and down, a punching device is arranged on the lifting mechanism in a matched mode and comprises an n-shaped punch head capable of being matched with the clamping part, and the controller controls the lifting mechanism and further drives the punching device to carry out punching installation on the automobile sliding rails and the sliding rail support. Due to the fact that the sliding rail support provided with the clamping part extending from the main body part and the foundation part is arranged, and the punch head of the sliding rail assembling system carries out punching on the clamping part, the sliding rail support can be fixed to the sliding rail through the cooperation of the clamping part and the foundation part, installation is convenient, and cost is low.


There are 10 unique dinucleotides of double‐stranded DNA, but only 8 independent nearest‐neighbor energies that occur in circular DNA, as shown by D. M. Gray and I. Tinoco [(1970) Biopolymers 9, 223–244]. We extend that analysis to include end effects, and show that the number of unique dinuoleotide pairs (including ends) is 14. but there are only 12 independent energies. We discuss how these 12 energies (or spectra or any other pairwise additive property) can be measured and displayed, and how they should and should not be compared between experimenters. As an example, we analyzed the recently reported melting curves [M. J. Doktycz et al. (1992) Biopolymers, 32, 849–864] of 16 DNA dumbbells in two different Na+ environments. This analysis reveals a new means for evaluating end effects and the emergence of longer than nearest‐neighbor interactions at low salt concentration. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Objective To select a dressing method after external dissection and internal ligation for mixed hemorrhoid and excision of anal fissure through observation and comparison. Methods Four hundred patients undergoing mixed hemorrhoids and anal fissure surgeries were evenly divided into experimental group and conrol grous. In experimental group, Kangfuxin solution gauze was placed for dressing, while in control group, Vaseline gauze was used. The healing rate of the two groups was compared. Results The healing time in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P 0.05). Conclusion Application of Kangfuxin solution gauze in postoperative dressing of external dissection and internal ligation for mixed hemorrhoid and anal fissure resection can promote incision healing, shorten hospital stay, reduce the burden on patients, and save medical resources.