Oral mucositis is a frequent adverse effect of cancer treatment that includes radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT). It is related to worse outcomes because of pain, nutritional problems, effects on quality of life, changes in cancer treatment, the risk of infection, and financial costs. It affects 20% to 80% of people receiving chemotherapy, and almost all patients receive head and neck radiation therapy. This review presents the current understanding and discusses evidence-based clinical management strategies for oral mucositis. The current model of mucositis pathogenesis is comprised of five broad stages. The two widely used grading systems for routine clinical care and research on mucositis are the WHO (World Health Organization) and Oral Mucositis Scale and the National Cancer Institute's Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC). The effective use of assessment scales, nonpharmacologic treatment modalities such as good professional oral hygiene, cryotherapy, and photobiomodulation, and pharmacologic therapies such as KGF-1 (palifermin) and benzydamine-containing mouthwash are important for mucositis prevention, and topical morphine is effective for the treatment of mucositis induced by radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Mucoadhesive hydrogel and anti-inflammatory medications such as celecoxib, misoprostol, and rebamipide are reported to be effective for radiation-induced mucositis. However, additional experimental studies are required to confirm the evidence.


The Activity of any organization, presenting collection of varied economic operation, expects shaping an integer complex of the interconnected factors. Complex planning, analysis and checking economic-commercial activity is impossible without systematization of the economic factors, describing different sides to activity managing subject.


The design and construction of a fiber‐optic lever microphone, capable of operating continuously at temperatures up to 538 °C (1000 °F), are described. The design is based on the theoretical sensitivities of each of the microphone system components, namely, a cartridge containing a stretched membrane, an optical fiber probe, and an optoelectronic amplifier. Laboratory calibrations include the pistonphone sensitivity and harmonic distortion at ambient temperature, and frequency response, background noise, and optical power transmission at both ambient and elevated temperatures. A field test in the Thermal Acoustic Fatigue Apparatus at Langley Research Center, in which the microphone was subjected to overall sound‐pressure levels in the range of 130–160 dB and at temperatures from ambient to 538 °C, revealed good agreement with a standard probe microphone.


### Learning objectives

1. Review the epidemiology, histology, pathophysiology and genetics of congenital heart disease-associated aortopathies and genetic aortopathy syndromes.

2. Review and describe
 1. appropriate imaging strategies for diagnosis and follow-up
 2. appropriate pharmacotherapeutic strategies and indications for aortic surgery
 3. considerations relevant to pregnancy
 4. considerations relevant to sports participation in patients with congenital heart disease-associated aortopathy or a genetic aortopathy syndrome.

Progressive proximal aortic (ie, aortic root and ascending aortic) dilatation is frequently found in adults with unrepaired or repaired congenital heart disease (CHD). With the growing number of patients with adult CHD (ACHD), physicians increasingly find themselves challenged with the management of proximal aortic dilatation in this heterogeneous patient population. Data on the natural history of CHD-associated aortic dilatation, including risk of dissection, rupture and aortic insufficiency, are scarce. These issues, essentially informing decisions regarding surveillance, pharmacotherapy and surgery, are better defined for genetic aortopathy syndromes, particularly Marfan syndrome (MFS). Moreover, histopathological similarities between CHD-associated and MFS-associated aortopathies have been found.1

This review outlines CHD–associated thoracic aortic dilatation, with special focus on management and indications for surgery. Genetic aortopathy syndromes, including MFS, are addressed as these also require cardiologic follow-up of the proximal aorta. Moreover, data from studies in patients with MFS may inform management of proximal aortic dilatation in the setting of other diseases and syndromes. International guidelines on aortic disease,2–4 ACHD5 6 and valvular heart disease7 are complementary with respect to management of CHD-associated aortic dilatation, and the proposed management represents an integration of these guidelines.

The thoracic aorta is subdivided into the root, ascending aorta, arch and descending aorta (figure 1). Aortic diameter is dependent on age and body size, the latter accounting for generally larger diameters in men. The aorta is considered dilated when its diameter exceeds the upper limit of established normal values, and aneurysmal when …


To develop a high efficiency and practicality for separating and purifying polyphenol from Momordica charantia L. using adsorption capacity and desorption rate of polyphenol as the primary screening index,six resins were surveyed,and the optimized conditions of adsorption and desorption of polyphenol were studied.The adsorption capacity and desorption rate of polyphenol reached 64.166 7 mg/mL and 92.72 % respectively for macroporous resin H103 chosen.Macroporous resin H103 could be well used in separating and purifying polyphenol from Momordica charantia L.


The field of nanoscience and catalysis has been inseparably associated to each other for quite a long time. Since decades scientists and researchers have focused on the use of nanomaterials as a vehicle for supporting other catalytic systems to facilitate recovery. Recently, magnetic nano-particles have been extensively considered for serving the dual role of a catalyst/catalyst support and a magnetically recoverable entity. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the role of silica-coated magnetic nano-particles (SMNPs) in catalysis. Special attention is given to recent developments and advances in various organic transformations including coupling, oxidation, reduction, and multi-component reactions using these SMNPs as catalytic supports. Easy accessibility, effortless magnetic recoverability and recyclability are some of the main features that make the use of these silica-coated magnetic nano-particles green and sustainable. of the catalyst, short reaction time, high yield and easy work-up.


This paper describes a methodology for the analysis of combustion performance in fossil-fuel fired boilers. The analysis is then used to determine causes(s) of the existing boiler problems or to evaluate methods for improving the boiler performance. The computerized methods, which calculate the heat and mass balance for the boiler; the heat transfer; and fuel combustion rates are described in the paper. The calculation procedures are simplified versions, but represent quite accurately the phenomenon occurring in a fossil-fuel fired boiler. These calculation methods were utilized recently to analyze Unit 3 of the City of Dover's (Delaware) McKee Run Generating Station to determine the cause(s) of various boiler problems and to develop solutions. Many alternative corrective methods were selected and analyzed to evaluate their effect on boiler operation and performance, and cost-effective solutions were determined. The successful application of these analytical calculations for correcting the Unit 3 problems is described and discussed.


Emotional expressions exchanged through visual communication require a very particular interest particularly to ensure the robust identification of any kind of facial expressions. This problem is becoming harder in unstable environments such as laying, lighting, etc. In this paper, we present novel face and facial expression recognition descriptors called HDG (Histogram of Directional Gradient) and HDGG (Histogram of Directional Gradient Generalized). These descriptors are based on the extraction of local directional gradients. Our main goal is to reach a high face identification accuracy and fast execution time. To reach this goal, we choose to work on two standard databases, JAFFE and YALE. The most recent face descriptors are used to evaluate the efficiency of the presented descriptors. This approach has less complexity since it describe facial expressions by reduced features vectors, which minimizes the computation time. We detail the obtained results by using the well-known metrics to evaluate the recognition rate and execution time of the proposed descriptors.


In this study, raw whole garlic and peeled garlic were pickled in brine, to test for changes in flavor compounds by aging period. Changes in pH, acidity and hardness were measured, and a sensory evaluation performed. The pH of the peeled garlic Jangachi in brine decreased as the aging period increased. The acidity increased as pH decreased, and the hardness tended to decrease as the aging time increased. For the peeled garlic Jangachi in brine, 3,3-thiobis-l-propene, allyl methyl trisulfide, diallyl trisulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide increased as aging proceeded, but allyl methyl disulfide and diallyl disulfide tended to decrease. In the sensory evaluation, hardness decreased as the aging time increased. Therefore, the above flavor compounds are considered to be major components of the characterized flavor of pickled garlic. When the overall quality was compared between the whole garlic Jangachi and peeled garlic Jangachi in brine after 60 days, the peeled garlic Jangachi was deemed superior.


According to original text and figures of Corydalis DC in medicinal works of past dynasties,compared sample in Herbarium,and utilize plant taxonomy methods to do herbalogical study systematically and clarify the issue of homonym and evolution of Corydalis DC.The apprication of medicines from Corydalis DC were confused in the long time.In order to ensure the safty and effectivity of clinical apprication,and provide theoretical foundation of developing and ultilization,the paper compared samples in Herbarium,and utilized plant taxonomy methods to do herbalogical study systematically and clarify the issue of homonym and evolution of Corydalis DC,according to original text and figures of the genera in medicinal works of past dynasties.The result shows that there are 17 species of the genera described by all kinds of medicinal works since C.yanhusuo was first recorded in Bencao Shiyi.However,several of them described in ancient works were different with what in modern literatures.


The authors describe a multiport BiCMOS memory using both bipolar and MOS transistors in the cell. A special cell select line structure is used which utilizes ECL (emitter coupled logic) voltage levels for read access. This memory cell is much smaller and less power consuming than an ECL multiport RAM cell, and is therefore capable of a much higher performance and larger integration. The cell has a smaller size and fewer components than a pure bipolar memory cell with the same functionality. Since the entire read path is composed of ECL circuits, a read access time comparable with ECL RAMs is achieved. The memory cell's power dissipation is comparable to that of a pure CMOS RAM cell.<<ETX>>


The phenomenon of rock's past having occluded its present is examined through the intentionality that grounds it culturally. Specifically, neo-nostalgia (Jameson) and similar postmodern terms (simulation, construction) constitute the intentionality and the commercial interests of the music industry and the generational power of the Baby Boomers and Gen X are the structural determinants. Neo-nostalgia for rock's past is directed toward an aestheticized imaginary of rock's golden age — a mythical time that never was, rather than a supposed eternal transcendent (religion) or an individualized empirical past (homesickness). Nostalgia for a construction, fabricated for corporate profit and generational/parental power, is a depthless and riskless adventure for a generation that experiences severe constraints on its ability to actualize the modern(ist) ideals of authenticity-novelty.


Related Articles Representations of some quantum tori Lie subalgebras J. Math. Phys. 54, 032302 (2013) The Poincaré algebra in rank 3 simple Lie algebras J. Math. Phys. 54, 023508 (2013) Relativistic Chasles' theorem and the conjugacy classes of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group J. Math. Phys. 54, 022501 (2013) Localization in abelian Chern-Simons theory J. Math. Phys. 54, 023507 (2013) Symmetry classification of variable coefficient cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equations J. Math. Phys. 54, 023502 (2013)


The utility model relates to a high-temperature furnace with a seeding observation device. The high-temperature furnace comprises a furnace cover and is characterized in that the furnace cover is provided with an observation cylinder and a movable stop sheet, wherein a sapphire lens is inlaid in the observation cylinder, a protection lens is electrically welded on the observation cylinder, and a video head is arranged above the observation cylinder. Because the furnace cover is provided with the observation cylinder and the movable stop sheet, the video head is arranged above the observation cylinder, and the high-temperature furnace has the advantage that real-time observation is realized.


Jewelry usually denotes necklace,earring,and ring etc.Jewelry not only can remedy garments perfectly but also can reveal region,cultural and times feature.The design of jewelry belongs to the category of industrial design.On elaborating design essential factors,a series of complete necklace,bracelet and ring was designed and made.It showed excellent jewelries characters and perfect works of art combined perfectly by design and technology.


As support for emergency decision,experts' tacit knowledge is a necessary guarantee of enhancing the quality of emergency decision. The following article introduces knowledge map into emergency decision,by getting experts' tacit knowledge based on demand and classification of knowledge,restoring experts' tacit knowledge,which is called building a dynamic database of experts' tacit knowledge,including experts' elementary information database,experts' special skills database and experts' relationships database. Then experts' tacit knowledge maps are built by using Net miner in order to realize knowledge visualization,including expert-knowledge map,knowledge-knowledge map and expert-expert map. In addition,the research mines and analyzes the functions of knowledge maps to provide references. Eventually,the quality and efficiency of emergency decision can be improved.


Thispaperinvestigates eigenbeamforming witha uniform circular array attheBTS.Thegeometricalbasedchannel modelwithhyperbolically-distributed scatterers (GBHDS)isusedtosimulate themultipath environment. Simulation results showedthat using a UCA significantly improves theCDMA system's performance, outperforming thesystem using aULA.


To guide the work of power department marketing and planning scientifically and reasonably, and to provide scientific basis for multi-sector market analysis and forecast, this paper researched Guizhou power grid medium-long term load forecasting methods and designed the forecasting and management platform, described the general design idea of the platform, explained the functions of it in detail, and introduced the application effect. The forecasting accuracy can be improved by the platform, and it can make the power network planning more reasonable, effective and prospective.


This paper describes a portable system being developed for assessing the quality of the timber in a standing tree by measuring stress waves induced within the tree. The system generates acoustic signals using a piezoelectric ceramic transducer and measures the received signals at two points along the tree stem using additional transducers. The signals are correlated using a digital signal processor (DSP), displayed on a LCD, and saved in memory for downloading to a computer using a USB interface.


Thank you for downloading the hungry god hindu tales of filicide and devotion. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen novels like this the hungry god hindu tales of filicide and devotion, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.


In various foods, it is often experienced that a presence of oil in food complicates the taste of the foods and makes it mild and sometimes even very delicious. However, this effect of oils on the taste of food has not been studied systematically. This paper deals with the effect of oil on so-called "five tastes". Sugar, salt, tartaric acid, quinine hydrochloride and monosodium glutamate were chosen as the representative of five tastes, namely sweet, salty, sour, bitter and glutamate taste ("Umami", in Japanese), respectively. Taste panel consisted of about 15 persons, who were the stuff of our laboratories and our students.Two series of experiments were carried out.1) Taking the case of sweet taste, emulsions typed of w/o and o/w of 5.46% aqeuous solution of cane sugar and corn oil were made. Each of 7.20, 6.28, 5.46, 4.75 and 4.13% solutions of cane sugar were also made. The panel made the guess which solution were equal to the sweetness of these o/w and w/o emulsions. Such experiments were also done on other four tastes as well as on some real foods such as margarine, cream and mayonnaise.2) Also taking the case of the sweet taste, 7.20, 6.28, 5.46, 4.75 and 4.13% solutions of cane sugar were made, while o/w and w/o emulsions of these solution and oil were made. The panel carried out the difference tests on these series. The number of the errors in these experiments was compared. As the results, it was found that intensity of tastes were much decreased in the w/o emulsion. In the difference tests on the emulsions of both w/o and o/w type it was much difficult to describe the differences than those on mere ageous solutions. These results seem to be able to explain to some extent the general belief, "oil makes the taste of food mild and delicious".


Mechanical shock of zircon based ceramic induced by cavitation erosion testing was investigated in this study. Several parameters were followed in order to determine level of material degradation during the cavitation erosion testing. Mass loss was taken as a conventional criterion for material degradation, while the level of surface degradation was evaluated by image and thermal imaging analyses. Results show high cavitation resistance of zircon ceramics and their suitability when vigorous cavitation erosion environment is expected.


The main problems of technological transfer between Russia and India are revealed through the analysis of the structure of technology imports and exports for the period 2019–2021. The reasons and consequences of the prevailing growth of technology exports from the Russian Federation over imports are determined by analyzing the dynamics and structure of indicators of the volume of payments for the import and export of technologies, the R&D investment volume , the level of patent activity of residents and non-residents of Russia, as well as comparison with similar indicators for foreign countries.


Updating the velocity in particle swarm optimization (PSO) consists of three terms: the inertia term, the cognitive term and the social term. The balance of these terms determines the balance of the global and local search abilities, and therefore the performance of PSO. In this work, an adaptive parallel PSO algorithm, which is based on the dynamic exchange of control parameters between adjacent swarms, has been developed. The proposed PSO algorithm enables us to adaptively optimize inertia factors, learning factors and swarm activity. By performing simulations of a search for the global minimum of a benchmark multimodal function, we have found that the proposed PSO successfully provides appropriate control parameter values, and thus good global optimization performance.


The paper reports a method of estimating aggregate residential electricity demand elasticities with respect to price and household income. Short-run models of electricity use and linear probability models of equipment ownership are developed using household data. These are incorporated in a model that simulates the development of the stock of dwellings and electricity-using equipment through time to derive short and long-run price and income elasticities. Results for a wide range of equipment types are presented. Test results reveal the influence of dwelling stock dynamics on long-run aggregate elasticities that have not been reported in other studies.


Abstract Based on the first-order shear deformation (FSD) model and nonlocal elasticity theory, the simultaneous effects of shear and small scale on the nonlinear vibration behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) beams are investigated for the first time. To this end, the governing equations of bending and stretching with von Kármán geometric nonlinearity are decoupled into one fourth-order partial differential equation in terms of transverse deflection. A closed-form solution of the nonlinear natural frequency, which can be used in conceptual design and optimization algorithms of FG- CNTRC beams with different boundary conditions, is developed using a hybrid method of Galerkin and perturbation technique. First, the decoupled equation is reduced to a nonlinear ordinary one with respect to time by implementing the Galerkin method. Next, multiple scales perturbation technique is used to replace this nonlinear ordinary differential equation with a series of linear equations which can be solved analytically. Finally, numerical results are presented to compare with the existing ones in the literature as well as to study the effects of CNTs distribution, boundary conditions and nonlocal parameter on the frequency ratio. It is seen that the influence of CNTs distribution becomes more significant when the nonlocal parameter increases. Also, the difference between results obtained from the classical and nonlocal elasticity theories increases as the amplitude of vibration increases. Therefore, it is concluded that the classical elasticity theory is inadequate to predict the nonlinear vibration behavior of FG-CNTRC beams with large deformation.


The Gujarat earthquake of magnitude 7.8 which occurred on 26 January 2001 at 8 h 46 min, rocked the whole of Gujarat and adjoining areas. This earthquake caused severe damage and killed tens of thousands and left many more homeless. In this note, we report the changes in chlorophyll and suspended sediment concentrations after the earthquake. The chlorophyll and suspended sediment concentrations have been estimated using IRS-P4 OCM digital data. IRS-P4 Oceansat is the first in the series of operational ocean remote satellites that was launched on 26 May 1999. The OCM sensor records in 8 bands at visible and nearinfrared wavelengths. The field of view of the optics is 43°, providing a swath of 1420 km from a 720-km altitude. The digital data for IRS-P4 OCM of path 9 row 13 for 18 January 2001 prior to the earthquake and for the same path for 26 January 2001 about few hours after the earthquake have been analysed. The two data sets were corrected for atmospheric effects using an approach suggested by Doerffer. From the atmospheric corrected images, chlorophyll and suspended concentrations were estimated for ocean water. The details of the algorithms used and the processing of data are discussed by Kundu et al. The chlorophyll and suspended sediment distribution in the adjoining ocean of Gujarat prior to (Figures 1 a and 2 a) and after the (Figures 1 b and 2 b) Gujarat earthquake are shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. A comparison of these images shows significant increase in chlorophyll and suspended sediment concentrations. The significant increase has also been found by comparing it with the 2 January 2000 image. The increase of the chlorophyll and suspended sediment concentrations is seen clearly in the creek regions of the Gujarat coast and also along the west coast. The significant increase in chlorophyll and suspended sediment concentrations after the earthquake can be attributed to the upwelling of subsurface water and vertical mixing. The upwelling of subsurface water generally observed is due to increase in ocean surface temperature. The sudden upwelling of the ocean is also likely due to the intense ground shaking after the Gujarat earthquake, leading to the ocean waves and coastal surf. The increase of the productivity in the ocean is well known due to upwelling, and as a result the productivity increases from January to February as the temperature increases. The increase of suspended sediments may be due to the intense shaking. The high concentration of chlorophyll together with high ocean surface temperature is a favourable condition for fish catch. The ocean surface temperature prior to and after the earthquake was not available; however, the fish catch data were available through the Fisheries Department of the Union Territory of Daman (Table 1). Due to the upwelling caused by the increase of the temperature from December to January and February, normally the fish catch increases by 20%. But the significant increase in fish catch (found to be double) in February after the earthquake supports our results of the increase of chlorophyll concentrations around Gujarat coast and also along the western coast of India after the earthquake of 26 January 2001. Due to technical problems, the OCM data about a week from IRS-P4 are not available to check the systematic increase in the chlorophyll and suspended sediment concentrations. However, the sudden increase in chlorophyll and suspended sediment concentrations soon after the earthquake is clearly observed (Figures 1 and 2). The increase in chlorophyll and suspended sediment concentrations after the Gujarat earthquake gives a new insight TIFIC CO RESPONDENCE


this paper studied the design flood risk of different dykes,presented the flood risk distribution and its numerical behaviors,and completely described the basic characteristics of the design flood risk.the understanding of these characteristics not only helps to design and operate dykes,but also is beneficial to enhance the awareness of the flood in a rational way.


Carmofur was obtained by the one-pot method based on the reaction of 5-fluorouracil with n-hexylamine using triphosgene as the acylating agent.The technological conditions of synthesis were preliminary explored.The optimum reaction conditions were obtained as follows:pyridine was used as the solvent and catalyst,the ratio of n(triphosgene):n(5-fluorouracil) was equal to 1.2,the reaction temperature was 50 ℃,and the reaction time was 2 h,with the product yield reaching 92.7%.


Somnambulism is a sleep disorder characterized by walking or other activity while seemingly still asleep. The sleep walking activity may include simply sitting up and appearing awake while actually asleep, getting up and walking around, or complex activities such as moving furniture, going to the bathroom, dressing and undressing, and similar activities. Someone might even drive a car while actually asleep. For the simplicity and convenience of the project we have restricted our occupants environment to a single room, which we call a "smart room". We consider that the user is an adult who is suffering from somnambulism. Our intention is to prevent the occupant to move out of his room as well as monitor his movement after he's gone to bed, if the patient seems to move out then immediately inform the caretaker about it as well as try and wake up the patient from the sleep in a modest way so that it doesn't come up as a shock to him, all this needs to be done by a smart responsive system which would be embedded in the patients room. This system is designed to work on the principles of assistive technology (technology used to assist caretakers).


Reverberation chambers are successfully adopted to test last generation wireless communication systems. The aim is the replication of realistic propagation condition in outdoor and indoor situations where the multipath contribution statistically overlaps to the direct path between the base station and the user terminal. The insertion of quantified absorbing materials allows to tune the power delay profile, the Rician K-factor, and the coherence bandwidth according to real life situations.


Source Citation The UK Small Aneurysm Trial Participants. Health service costs and quality of life for early elective surgery or ultrasonographic surveillance for small abdominal aortic aneurysms. ...


To assure the integrity and safety of truss structures, much work has been done for inspection in bars using ultrasonic guided waves methods. Guided waves have been widely used for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) because of their long propagation distance and reliable responses. Though good for assessment of guided wave in the regular section structures such as cylinders, pipes and rails, the excitation of guided wave modes in irregular bars lack further research due to the arbitrary cross-section. This paper presents the excitation and propagation of guided waves in arbitrary cross-section structures by coupling the normal mode expansion (NME) method with the semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) method. Then, a Tee-bar example of finite element (FE) simulations is performed to validate the proposed SAFE-NME method. Moreover, the validated method is used to develop a double mode inspection strategy for multi-damages identification, showing the potential for NDT & SHM applications.


Many-body perturbation theory, with non-orthogonal basis states, has been used to determine covalency, overlap and ligand polarisation contributions to the intrinsic crystal-field and correlation crystal-field parameters for the system Pr3+-Cl- spaced as in PrCl3. Significant crystal-field contributions are shown to arise from ligand polarisation, but there are no significant contributions to either the Slater parameters or the correlation crystal-field parameters from this mechanism. Calculated values of crystal-field parameters are in reasonable agreement with experiment. A new approach to the phenomenological treatment of crystal-field correlation effects is suggested.


Feifel, et a1. (2) found that physicians had a higher fear of death than control Ss and suggested that fear of death may have played a role in the choice of profession by the physicians. They may have chosen to be doctors in order to gain mastery over their fear of death. A similar argument could be advanced for those who choose to be policemen, an occupation where preoccupation with danger and death is common (4, p. 42). The present study sought to examine the fear of death in policemen. Ss were 17 male patrolmen from one Buffalo precinct and 15 mail carriers from a postal station in the same area. Ss did not differ in religious denomination or age (age range 23 to 54 yr., median age of police was 34, of mailmen 42). Ss were volunteers and anonymously filled out a questionnaire which included rwo fear of death scales (1, 3) and the semantic differential (utilizing five concepts to be rated on evaluative, potency, and activity scales, including the concepts of life and death). The nvo groups did not differ in their fear for death of self (xa = 0.5, df = 1 on a median test), death of others (x2 = 0.0), dying of self (x' = 0.0), dying of others (x2 = 0.0), general fear of death (x2 = 0.0), and inconsistency in their attitudes toward death (x= = 0.0). The nvo groups did not differ in their ratings of the concepts of life and death on any of the three semantic differential measures (the largest t = 0.86, df = 30). The groups differed on one dimension. A total of 23 patrolmen were approached and six refused to take the test whereas a total of 37 mail carriers were approached and 22 refused to take the test (X3 = 5.08, df = 1, p < 0.02). It was noted that the patrolmen were more friendly and less defensive than the mail carriers. The latter were tested prior to impending changes in the postal system, a factor which could have affected their attitudes toward testing. However, when the patrolmen were compared with 23 male students' enrolled in introductory psychology, they did not differ significantly on any of the six fear of death measures (the largest X' = 0.5, df = 1). Thus, it appears that patrolmen do not differ significantly from control groups in their fear of death. Their cooperation in taking the test perhaps suggests less defensiveness about death and suggests that by being patrolmen they may have worked through their death anxiery in part and, at a conscious verbal level, resemble other adult males.


On the basis of pilot studies and results of the correlation and semantic analysis it is shown that indicators of physical development, physical readiness and health of the student's youth having deficiency of the body's weight generally depend on their absolute muscular weight, the thorax circle and power abilities. It is fair both for young men, and for girls, but only for those engaged in practice of physical culture in the main and preparatory medical groups, i. e. without deviations in the state of health. Physical exercises and methods of their performance during educational and nonlearning occupations in higher education institutions should be directed on increase of these indicators among the studied contingent of students.


Experimental induction of an intradermal granulomatous hypersensitivity reaction in the primarily immunized guinea pig was studied by means of tight microscopy during the course of the immune response. Animals were sensitized to dinitrophenylated human serum albumin (DNP 10 -HSA), and challenged with this antigen covalently linked to Sepharose 2B beads by the cyanogen bromide reaction. At appropriate intervals, the dermal changes produced by this complex antigen were compared with those produced by DNP 10 -HSA or soluble antigen. Sepharose 2B beads atone, and DNP 10 -HSA plus Sepharose 2B in the same animal. The complex antigen produced lesions characteristic of granulomatous hypersensitivity 5 and 11 days beyond the time of the skin test. The others showed the characteristic responses of hypersensitivity, foreign-body reaction, and a mixture of delayed-hypersensitivity and foreign-body reaction, but the intensity of the reactions had diminished by 5 days and had disappeared after 11 days. These results indicate that a dermal granulomatous hypersensitivity reaction may be differentiated from a foreign-body reaction. They also suggest that locally retained antigen interacts with sensitized lymphocytes to contribute to granuloma formation.


The invention discloses a rapid shaping device and method based on an ultraviolet exposed dynamic mask plate technology. A novel efficient and environment-friendly rapid shaping technology is formed through utilizing an ultraviolet exposed dynamic mask plate, an ultraviolet exposed environment-friendly mask plate is generated through the permeation resistance action of ozone for ultraviolet, and an ozone mask plate is applied to the field of rapid manufacturing. According to the method, ultraviolet exposure can be carried out repeatedly, the reaction process is free of harmful gases, efficiency and environmental protection are achieved, and compared with a traditional rapid shaping machine, the rapid shaping device has the advantages that the cost is reduced, the service life of the device is prolonged, and the device is applicable to the fields of rapid manufacturing of medium and small batches of resin die samples, rapid trial production of novel products, and the like.


This article looks at one decade (1965–1975) in the history of Films Division of India (FD), the first state film production and distribution unit in the country. It tracks the changing political environment and several administrative, infrastructural, and policy changes of the time, along with the emerging "experimental" film and interview format films. Under the dynamic supervision of Jean Bhownagary, a constellation of film makers and artists like Pramod Pati, S.N.S. Sastry, S. Sukhdev, among others came to the fore, experiment with film form was encouraged, and dissonant voices rose against the state itself. I suggest that it is possible to study certain experiments and formal practices emerging at a particular time and space not as mere aberrations, but as something that emerges from complex shifts in institutional practice. I locate these as part of a layered body of film uses, a palimpsest, in which the filmmaker's creative engagement needs to be situated in a bureaucratic order that could be arbitrary and inflexible but also provide for a regime of the permissible.


A new formulation of the Wave Concept Iterative Process (WCIP) method is presented in this work. This approach uses an analysis with the longitudinal components instead of the transverse components. This approach includes decomposing the transverse TM modes into two longitudinal terms: the TM and TEM modes. This approach is applied to model a Vertical Interconnect Access VIA hole. The current density behavior is studied in the two cases with and without VIA hole. Also this method is used to study a SIW slot antenna. Compared to those obtained by available published data, our results show that the proposed method gives convincing results.


Recent satellite measurements of a layer of enhanced nitrous oxide (N2O) in the mesosphere‐lower thermosphere (MLT) from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer have suggested an unexpected, minor high‐altitude production source. Here we report the development of a mechanism and the first model simulations, which can explain the formation of this MLT N2O layer. N2O production occurs primarily via a reaction route involving the excitation of N2 from secondary electrons. Simulations using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, with external forcing from the Global Airglow model, quantitatively reproduce the observed vertical, latitudinal, and seasonal N2O variations. Sensitivity results indicate that photoelectrons are far more important than previously predicted, causing approximately two thirds of global N2O production in the MLT. Energetic electron precipitation over high latitudes provides the remaining contribution. Solar cycle analysis reveals N2O enhancements of up to ×2 at solar maximum compared to solar minimum.


During the collection of helminths from a goat, millet-sized nodules were noticed in the mucous membrane of the abomasum. Examination of these nodules showed that there were no larval nematodes in their substance, but that they contained a large mass of spores. The nodules were identified as cysts belonging to the protozoon parasite, Globidium gilruthi. This parasite has not previously been recorded from the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent. The parasite was for the first time observed by Flesch (1883). Moussu & Marotel (1902) regarded it as a developmental stage of the coccidium, Eimeria faurei. It was studied by Gilruth (1910) and in the same year by Chatton (1910), who named it as Gastrocystis gilruthi.


The paper is devoted to the mathematical modelling and optimal control of hole drilling. Drilling feed is considered as control action while the cutting force is controlled variable. Transfer functions of the regulators were obtained, with the cutting force variance being used as quality criterion for the automatic control system. In the article has been presented also, questions connected with the structure of typical automated process projecting of the hole drilling operation. The block pattern of the typical process automated projecting was introduced. The processed algorithms of setting of the parameters of regulators according to a priori technological information and program protection were also introduced, to automate letting the process of the study of the automatic control system for the operation of the hole drilling.


Ferromagnetic shape memory Ni50Mn30Ga15Al5-xBx (x = 0, 1, and 4) alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting and subsequent heat-treatment as well as by melt spinning to investigate the effect of trivalent element additions in ternary Ni-Mn-Ga alloys. The heat-treated alloys containing Al were reported to possess a modulated martensite structure, however alloy containing both Al and B showed a loss of modulated structure in martensite formed. The rapidly solidified alloys on the other hand showed the formation of a similar modulated structure without composition change in alloys containing Al and the alloys containing Al and B. In addition, the former showed a presence of an amorphous phase with latter showing crystalline boron rich phases. The magnetisation of the B containing alloys in both the processing technique was however very low, showing lower magnetic exchange interaction in such alloys. Defence Science Journal, 2012, 62(4), pp.252-260 , DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.62.1279


A pharmaceutically important natural product, β-lapachone, was efficiently synthesized in four steps in 70 % overall yield starting from commercially available 1,4-naphthoquinone. The key step of the synthesis was the direct conversion of 2-prenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone into β-lapachone through an advantageous cyclization/hydration/oxidation cascade process.


Globalisation, regionalisation, calls for various approaches to the teaching of English as an International Language (EIL) , a s well as pragmatic and critical pedagog ic considerations have stimulated d ebate in Japan about the focus of its English language curricula. This interdisciplinary case study weaves together the threads of different dynamics to create a framework for understanding the development of EIL curricul a in Japanese universities. The work underway in the Communicative English Programme (CEP) at Niigata University of International and Information Studies (NUIS) will be highlighted as one example of what is currently taking place in some corners of Japanese EIL .


In the ever-widening body of work on media representations of crime, eighteenth-century England has received particular attention, with notable contributions from historians such as Esther Snell, Peter King and Robert Shoemaker. Richard Ward's book is a valuable addition to this work, not least because he examines a range of different genres of print culture while most other studies have been limited to one genre. Specifically, he looks at metropolitan newspapers, social policy pamphlets, gra...


Acidity is an important characteristic of liquid aerosol particle phases, which often tend to be highly acidic, as expressed by a low pH value. This technical note addresses several issues arising from the existence of distinct ways to define "pH". The authors discuss the differences between pH defined on molality, molarity and mole fractions scales and the importance of using thermodynamically correct conversions among these scales when field data is compared. This scale-dependence of pH is an im-


 According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Household Expenditure Survey 2009-10, Australian households spent an average of $209.36 per week on transport in 2009-10, of which $165.06 was on owning and operating private vehicles. Household expenditure on owning and operating vehicles averaged $8583 annually (or $9081 in 2015-16 dollars) and represented 13.4 per cent of total expenditure on goods and services. This was equivalent to aggregate expenditure of $72.1 billion in 2009-10 (or $76.3 billion in 2015-16 dollars).


—The goal of this white paper is to give a brief overview of the current challenges and trends in the field of healthcare with a view to a re-organization of cities in a smart direction. The main challenge is the development of innovative models supported by high-tech services for the prevention of frailty and disability in an aging society. Indeed, an hospital-based healthcare system as the only center for dealing with all the issues relative to health in a direct or indirect manner is inadequate to the peculiar needs of an increasing number of elderly people. This results in the need to build a network of highly integrated and continuous support services that can be implemented in differentiated assistance projects. In this context, the technology is playing an increasingly important role and an analysis is necessary regarding the sustainability and impact of the new health technologies on the existing scenery.


. Theoutbreakofthenewcrownepidemichasledtomoreseveredamage to the old restaurant enterprises, which have fallen into a depressing situation. To explore the sustainable development of old-established catering enterprises, which are responsible for inheriting Chinese traditional food culture. This paper analyzes the factors that lead to the loss of old-established catering enterprises under the epidemic through crisis management theory and points out that the sustainable development of old-established catering enterprises is limited due to the incomplete crisis management system. The paper also proposes solutions for the sustainable development of old restaurant enterprises from the perspective of crisis management from the viewpoint of "survival" and "development". It is expected to provide theoretical exploration and practical application value for research in this field.


Industry has recognized that maintaining SSA of the orbital environment going forward is too challenging for the government alone. Consequently there are a significant number of commercial activities in various stages of development standing-up novel sensors and sensor networks to assist in SSA gathering and dissemination. Use of these systems will allow government and military operators to focus on the most sensitive space control issues while allocating routine or lower priority data gathering responsibility to the commercial side. The fact that there will be multiple (perhaps many) commercial sensor capabilities available in this new operational model begets a common access solution. Absent a central access point to assert data needs, optimized use of all commercial sensor resources is not possible and the opportunity for coordinated collections satisfying overarching SSA-elevating objectives is lost. Orbit Logic is maturing its Heimdall Web system an architecture facilitating "data requestor" perspectives (allowing government operations centers to assert SSA data gathering objectives) and "sensor operator" perspectives (through which multiple sensors of varying phenomenology and capability are integrated via machine-machine interfaces). When requestors submit their needs, Heimdall's planning engine determines tasking schedules across all sensors, optimizing their use via an SSA-specific figure-of-merit. ExoAnalytic was a key partner in refining the sensor operator interfaces, working with Orbit Logic through specific details of sensor tasking schedule delivery and the return of observation data. Scant preparation on both sides preceded several integration exercises (walk-then-run style), which culminated in successful demonstration of the ability to supply optimized schedules for routine public catalog data collection – then adapt sensor tasking schedules in real-time upon receipt of urgent data collection requests. This paper will provide a narrative of the joint integration process detailing decision points, compromises, and results obtained on the road toward a set of interoperability standards for commercial sensor accommodation.


The phenomenon of ant nest (formicary) corrosion is reviewed. Current theories indicate that attack requires the simultaneous presence of moisture, oxygen and a corrodent, usually an organic acid, such as formic acid. Morphological features are presented using several recent case studies as examples. This paper seeks to create more answers to this less appreciated phenomenon that causes premature corrosion failure in copper tubes used typically for refrigeration or air conditioning applications.


Blockchain has become another new information revolution after the Internet, and to a certain extent, like the Internet, will change the existing production relations and business logic. With the advent of blockchain, smart contracts have become one of the most sought-after technologies. Its high customizability becomes the key to implement blockchain technology in multiple fields ranging from financial services, life sciences and healthcare to energy resources and voting. However, due to the infancy, challenges are put forward as smart contracts widespread deployment. This study aims to contribute a comprehensive overview on smart contract within blockchain technology. Based on systematic mapping study, we offer a broad perspective of current academic research and application areas of smart contracts. First, by using bibliometric mining on 158 smart contract-related papers, we identified publication profiles, research hot trends and research topic clustering. Then, we provide a summary of the areas where smart contracts are used and analyze the pain points, they address. Finally, we identify the bottlenecks that need to be broken and propose research outlook for the future development of this topic. This paper is aimed at providing helpful guidance and reference for future research efforts.


The effect of different doses of luteinizing hormone on activation of protein kinases, cyclic AMP and testosterone production was studied in purified rat testis Leydig-cell preparations in the presence of 34isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor). In addition, the nature of the protein kinases present in these cells and other tissues was investigated. The folowing results were obtained. 1. With all the amounts of luteig hormone used (0.1-4000ng/ml), both activation of protein kinase and stimulation oftestosterone production were demonstrated. With the lowest amount of luteinizing hormone (0.1 ng/ml), an 8.4+0.9% (S.E.M., n = 6) stimulation ofprotein kinase activation occurred, increasing to 100% with 1000ng/ml, compared with 3.2±1.0% (S.E.M., n =7) and 100% stimulation of testosterone production with 0.1 and 10Ong/ml respectively. 2. With amounts of luteinizing hormone up to 1 ng/ml (which gave half-maximal stimulation of testosterone production) no detectable increases in net cyclic AMP production were obtained. With higher amounts of luteinizing hormone, cyclic AMP production increased, but maximal production was not reached with 1000ng/ml. 3. Two isoenzymic for Qf protein kinase were present in Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules; type I was eluted with 0.075Mand type II with 0.22-0.25M-NaCl from DEAE-cellulose columns. 4. The protein kinase activity was not affected by the presence of erythrocytes in the Leydig-cell preparation, but varied depending on the type of histone used as substrate (histone F2b>mixed>histone Fl).


Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is becoming an epidemic and thereby a global health problem. Further, VDD adversely affects calcium metabolism and skeletal health, and is associated with increased risk of several diseases, e.g., autoimmune diseases, several types of cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, asthma, psoriatic arthritis, and etc. To evaluate the prevalence of VDD in Korea, and then to evaluate the association of several factors with serum 25(OH)D level, the author analyzed the data of 14,456 individuals who were 10 years of age and over from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1 & 2 (KNHANES V-1 & 2) conducted by the Korean Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. As a result, among Koreans (age ? 10years), 65.9% of males and 77.7% of females were below optimum blood serum 25(OH)D (20 ng/mL). VDD is more severe in female than in male at all age groups. In addition, the younger generations had less 25(OH)D level than older generations in Korea. The analysis by complex sample general linear model (CSGLM) suggested that blood 25(OH)D concentration was related with gender (p < .001), residence (p = .030), occupation (p < .001), anemia (p < .001) and physical activity (p < .001). In conclusion, VDD is pandemic and it is more severe in younger generations in Korea. Further, from the results by CSGLM, serum 25(OH)D status is closely related with the life style of Koreans.


We present a new scalable volumetric reconstruction algorithm for multi-view stereo using a graphics processing unit (GPU). It is an effectively parallelized GPU algorithm that simultaneously uses a large number of GPU threads, each of which performs voxel carving, in order to integrate depth maps with images from multiple views. Each depth map, triangulated from pair-wise semi-dense correspondences, represents a view-dependent surface of the scene. This algorithm also provides scalability for large-scale scene reconstruction in a high resolution voxel grid by utilizing streaming and parallel computation. The output is a photo-realistic 3D scene model in a volumetric or point-based representation. We demonstrate the effectiveness and the speed of our algorithm with a synthetic scene and real urban/outdoor scenes. Our method can also be integrated with existing multi-view stereo algorithms such as PMVS2 to fill holes or gaps in textureless regions.


Objective: To assess the relationship between cardiovascular, comorbidity, and metabolic scores with arterial stiffness and early vascular aging, respectively, in a cohort of hospitalized patients. Design and method: A total of 55 patients, aged 61 ± 16 years, 35% men, hospitalized with several chronic disorders, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, dyslipidemia, obesity, chronic hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis, and chronic kidney disease were enrolled in the study. The vascular function was assessed using the Arteriograph, an oscillometric, noninvasive device. The cardiovascular score was calculated considering the presence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure, metabolic score included overweight obesity and dyslipidemia, and comorbidity score considered cardiovascular, metabolic, liver, and renal disorders. Results: Pulse wave velocity (PWV), arterial age, and brachial augmentation index (AixBrach) were: 10.21 ± 1.9 m/s, 55 ± 11 years, and -8.83 ± 34.37 %, respectively. Significant correlations were obtained between PWV and Comorbidity and Cardiovascular Score, respectively (r = 0.29, p = 0.033 and r = 0.34, p = 0.010, respectively). ROC curve analysis revealed the Cardiovascular Score as a diagnostic test for early vascular aging (AUC = 0.717, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Comorbidity and Cardiovascular Scores provide valuable information about arterial stiffness and early vascular aging in hospitalized patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the value of the mentioned scores in patients with chronic disorders.


In South Africa, democratic consolidation involves not only building a new state but also new interfaces between state and society. In order to strengthen the agency of citizens at these interfaces ...


The invention relates to an exhaust system (10) and an exhaust valve (24) for controlling a volume flow of exhaust gas to an internal combustion engine (12) is to be recycled, comprising a housing (36) having an exhaust gas inlet (40), an exhaust outlet (42 has) and a return outlet (44), and (a valve member 46) is adjustable, whereby the opening cross-sections of the exhaust outlet (42) and the Ruckfuhrauslasses (44) can be changed, characterized in that the valve member (46) relative to the exhaust gas inlet (40) to exhaust outlet (42) and the return outlet (44) is arranged so that the valve element (46) can assume a first position in which the recirculation outlet (44) is completely closed while the exhaust outlet (42) fully opened is, and a second position in which the recirculation outlet (44) is partially open, while the exhaust outlet (42) remains fully open, and a third position, in which the recirculation outlet (44) is at least partially open, while the exhaust outlet (42) is partially closed.


Based on the investigation on 5 heavy metals at 12 sites in Dongshan Bay in August 2011,the distribution and the influencing factors of heavy metals with relations of environment in the surface sediments were discussed and the risk by heavy metal pollution was evaluated with the standard of ecological risk coefficient(Ei r). The results showed that copper(Cu)content were measured between 5. 53 and 22. 40 mg / kg with average 15. 10 mg / kg,lead(Pb)content between 28. 9 and 42. 6 mg/kg with average 35. 0 mg/kg,zinc(Zn)content between 34. 8 and 133. 9 mg / kg with average 95. 9 mg / kg,cadmium(Cd)content between 0. 031 and 0. 078 mg / kg with average 0. 059 mg / kg, chromium(Cr)content between 19. 2 and 91. 8 mg / kg with average 62. 5 mg / kg. Higher concentrations were found in the top of Dongshan Bay,and lower values were found outside the bay. Organic matters in the sediments played an important role in the distribution of heavy metals. Heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Cr)presented negative correlation with the sand(%)of big size(63 ~ 2 000 μm),while Cr showed positive correlation with clay(%)of fine particle( 1 μm). Except for Cr(91. 8 mg/kg)at the site of bay top,all heavy metals were fit in class I of the national marine sediment standard. Ecological risk coefficient(Ei r)of heavy metals were in sequences of Cd Pb Cu Cr Zn andthe Risk Index(RI)was lower than 90 at all sites sampled. It suggested that the sediments environment of Dongshan bay was in a good quality of low ecological risk.


The utility model relates to a solar energy heat pipe type heat collector, which belongs to a device for collecting heat energy in the field of energy utilization, and the utility model is composed of a heat pipe, an Al2O3 heat absorbing coating layer, an aluminum reflecting plate, a heat insulating layer, a glass cover plate, a shell, a heat transferring water tank, etc., wherein the heat pipe is filled with working medium ammonia, sunlight penetrates the glass cover plate, directly irradiates on the coating layer of the outer surface of the heat pipe or irradiates on the coating layer via a reflecting layer, and is absorbed by the heat pipe to heat the working medium ammonia in the pipe, and the ammonia is vaporized to rise to the upper end of the heat pipe to emit heat. The ammonia flows back to the lower end after cooling and absorbs heat to repeat the process. The heat absorption coating layer of the utility model is directly coated on the outer surface of the heat pipe, the aluminum reflecting plate is used, so the heat conduction links can be reduced. The utility model has the advantages of high heat conduction efficiency, large heat absorption quantity, simple structure and low cost, uses the liquid ammonia as working media, is free from freezing, and does not break the ozonosphere.


Gaze-based interaction is an important research area in the field of human-computer interaction. Gaze-based input gives benefit for motion-impaired people and provides faster and intuitive interaction with an application content. Developing gaze-based interactive applications has to deal with several challenges: data processing, eye movements classification, and action. Smooth pursuit eye movement has been used as one of primary input modalities for gaze-based interactive applications. In developing smooth-pursuit-based interactive applications, challenge in the event classification is important to be addressed. However, there is no survey paper that studies various event detection methods in smooth-pursuit-based interactive applications. To tackle this research gap, we present a brief literature review of some event detection methods that consider smooth pursuit eye movement. This paper also presents a preliminary comparison of event detection methods based on some properties that are needed in smooth-pursuit-based interactive applications. From the preliminary comparison, there are some considerations to be taken in to account in order to develop smooth-pursuit-based interactive applications.


In this paper, a PID gain adjustment scheme with the basis on Reinforcement Learning Algorithm is proposed, the validity of the scheme is demonstrated with the application to the control of a quadrotor. Specifically, the PPO algorithm of reinforcement learning is utilized in the scheme to adjust a PID controller gains. The procedure and details of the scheme are presented. The experiments prove that the control strategy with this scheme can quickly make the controlled system converge and stabilize. The scheme, compared with a traditional PID controller, has a good performance in terms of control stability, anti-interference stability, and aircraft altitude stability.


The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the stereotypical image of a lazy person on the basis of a linguo-cognitive analysis of different contextual meanings of the adjective ленивый. Research objectives: to present a typology of contexts for the use of the adjective and the corresponding contextual meanings of the word ленивый, as well as to determine the parameters by which different contextual meanings of a polysemic word can be differentiated. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the methodological guidelines of modern cognitive linguistics, which continues the study of verbalized concepts that demonstrate the relationship between language, human thinking and culture.

After analyzing the nature of conceptualizations, we identified three subjects and took into account their cognitive activity: the first subject is an outside observer, and the perceptual meanings of the adjective lazy reflect the results of contemplative-sensory knowledge by native speakers of the appearance and behavior of a lazy person, the second subject is the subject-bearer of the state, in the contextual meanings of the adjective, the description and evaluation of the internal state experienced by him is conceptualized; the third subject is the subject of active rational cognition, its conclusions are conceptualized in the inferential meanings of the adjective ленивый. In accordance with the parameter the nature of conceptualization, we differentiated the contextual meanings of the adjective ленивый and proposed our own typology of contexts. The conducted linguocognitive analysis allows reconstructing a holistic stereotypical image of a lazy person. Our reconstruction is based both on the results of contemplative-sensory cognition and on the inferential conclusions of native speakers.


This study analyzed the change and characteristic of cultural activities for S&T which were performed by private sector in democratic government time. Cultural activities for S&T by private sector were very limited but cultural activities for S&T by public sector were overwhelming in Kim Young-sam Civilian Administration period. So cultural activities for S&T between private sector and public sector formed very unbalanced structure in Kim Young-sam Civilian Government time. In Kim Dae-joong People's Administration era, Advisory Committee for Life Ethic was established in order to construct social consensus on life ethic in the field of S&T democratization. Meeting for S&T Democracy under the Influence of People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy(Civic Science Center) tried to improve civic interest and participation in S&T policy such as life S&T and science shop as network between university and region developed for the first time. In addition, professional journal and publisher related to S&T appeared in the field of S&T press. In Rho Moo-hyun Participatory Government period, consensus conference at the national level and science shop at the local level were founded in the field of S&T democratization. And National Science Teacher Association was set up in the field of S&T education, so cultural activities for S&T by private sector expanded more and more. Cultural activities for S&T by private sector in Lee Myung-bak Government era were very remarkable in the field of S&T education. Accordingly, Korean Education Federation for Science Culture concentrated on spreading S&T culture and various STEAM education programs raised the understanding level of S&T culture.


In this paper, we present our system developed by the team from the New Technologies for the Information Society (NTIS) research center of the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, for the Second DIHARD Speech Diarization Challenge. The base of our system follows the currently-standard approach of segmentation, i/x-vector extraction, clustering, and resegmentation. The hyperparameters for each of the subsystems were selected according to the domain classifier trained on the development set of DIHARD II. We compared our system with results from the Kaldi diarization (with i/x-vectors) and combined these systems. At the time of writing of this abstract, our best submission achieved a DER of 23.47% and a JER of 48.99% on the evaluation set (in Track 1 using reference SAD).


By using the extraction technique of supercritical CO2 fluid on Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemaire, essential oil could be got and then be applied to GC-MS online computer retrieval analysis. After a study on essential oil both in isolated pot I and II, 65 and 93 components were identified respectively.


To protect a satellite from accidents due to spacecraft charging, Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech) is developing a device called ELFs-Charm, which stands for ELectron-emitting Film for Spacecraft CHARging Mitigation. Electron emission from ELFs-Charm was already confirmed in Polar Earth Orbit in 2012 via flight experiment onboard HORYU-II. As a next step, we are considering the practical operation for spacecraft charging mitigation. The present emission level is not enough to increase the satellite potential. We focus our efforts on improving two properties, charging property and the emission threshold. The charging property is measured by how well the differential voltage between the ELFs-charm insulator surface and the satellite chassis increases. The emission threshold is measured by the differential voltage when the electron emission starts. This paper reports the laboratory experimental results to measure the two properties of various samples. The sample made of fluorin resin coating had a good combination of the charging property and the emission threshold that makes it possible to emit electron under realistic ambient electron current density in orbit.


Once thought to provide only structural support to tissues by acting as a scaffold to which cells bind, it is now widely recognized that the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides instructive signals that dictate cell behavior. Recently we demonstrated that mechanical cues intrinsic to the ECM directly regulate the behavior of pre‐osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. We hypothesized that one possible mechanism by which ECM compliance exerts its influence on osteogenesis is by modulating the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. To address this hypothesis, the differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based model substrates with tunable mechanical properties was assessed. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels at days 7 and 14 were found to be significantly higher in cells grown on stiffer substrates (423.9 kPa hydrogels and rigid tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) control) than on a soft hydrogel (13.7 kPa). Osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression levels followed a similar trend. In parallel, MAPK activity was significantly higher in cells cultured on stiffer substrates at both time points. Inhibiting this activation pharmacologically, using PD98059, resulted in significantly lower ALP levels, OCN, and BSP gene expression levels on the hydrogels. Interestingly, the effectiveness of PD98059 was itself dependent on substrate stiffness, with marked inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation in cells grown on compliant hydrogels but insignificant reduction in cells grown on TCPS. Together, these data confirm a role for MAPK in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation by ECM compliance. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 661–672, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Size-structure analyses and gonad characteristics of the elongate sunset clam Gari elongata from the coastal waters of Hinatuan, Surigao del Sur, Philippines, was determined in this study. An opportunistic sampling approach was applied during the collection of G. elongata from the coastal waters of Brgy. Loyola and Brgy. Aquino. A total of 1437 G. elongata individuals were subjected to length-weight measurements, and gonads from five (5) individuals per sex among size classes were processed for histological characterization. The maximum total length of G. elongata recorded is 5.42 cm, way smaller than its congeners elsewhere, which is at 7.0-9.2 cm. The size-structure analysis shows that G. elongata from Brgy. Loyola exhibited negative allometric growth while those gleaned from Brgy. Aquino exhibited positive allometry indicating variation in growth dynamics. Known as a gleaning source, Barangay Loyola is abundant in G. elongata, but individuals are much smaller compared to those gathered from Barangay Aquino. A ratio of 1:1 for male and female classification was observed, as seen from gonad histological analyses. Ovaries were found in the spawning capable state with gonads in ripe (30%), spent (25%), early development (25%), and partially spawning (20%) stages. Testes were found to be in the ripe (40%), early developing (10%), spent (10%), and partially spawning (40%) stages. Gari elongata exhibits spawning capable gonads at 2.85 cm and 2.95 cm for males and females, respectively, which suggests that the shellfish has adapted early to reproduction to maintain its population in the coastal waters of Hinatuan. The small body lengths of individuals with mature gonads indicate that G. elongata may have been exposed to some stress in their natural environment. Regulated management of G. elongata to avoid over-harvesting and assessment of water and sediment quality of their natural habitat is highly recommended


Pioneering work demonstrating coordination preferences towards Cu(ii) of unexplored cyclic triimidazole-based luminophores and their favorable stacking patterns in coordination compounds.


Abstract To analyze the influence of basalt fiber on the performance of permeable concrete for road applications, this study focuses on two key performance indicators: compressive strength and permeability coefficient of basalt fiber permeable concrete. Based on orthogonal experimental data, regression prediction equations were established using SPSS software to assess the effects of different fiber parameters on the compressive strength and permeability coefficient. The predicted results were then compared with experimental data. The findings indicate that the average relative error of the predicted values for both performance indicators is within a manageable range of 5%, demonstrating a high prediction accuracy. Using these regression equations, we can examine the variations in the road performance of basalt fiber permeable concrete under different fiber parameter conditions, thereby overcoming the limitations of conducting numerous parameter analysis experiments.


Objective Using single direction dispersion breathless DWI, to analyze the value of DWI for vertebral bone marrow infiltration in patients with acute leukemia (AL). Methods Forty-two patients with AL and 15 healthy volunteers received vertebral sagittal DWI with single shot spin-echo echoplan imaging (SS-SE-EPI) sequence( b value = 0,650 s/mm2) at a GE Signa Excite 1. 5 T scanner with 8 channels body coil. DWI for all patients were performed from three directions, including from superior to inferior (S/I), from anterior to posterior (A/P) and from right to left (R/L). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value was measured on ADC map from each direction using GE-Function tool DWI software. Forty two patients consisted of 13 onset with untreated patients and 29 treated patients (7 nonremission,8 complete remission and 14 consolidation therapy). The ADC values among the three diffusion directions were compared. Analysis of variance and t test were used to compare the ADC values in different AL stages, Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between ADC values and the percentage of bone marrow progenitor cells. Results The ADC values from S/I, A/P and R/L of 362 vertebras in the 57 subjects are (0. 758 ±0. 009) × 10-3 mm2/s, (0. 732 ±0. 009) × 10 -3 mm2/s and (0. 758 ±0. 009) × 10 -3 mm2/s, respectively. There is no statistical significance( F = 2. 958, P > 0. 05 ).The ADC values from S/I of 94 vertebras in 15 healthy volunteers is (0. 697 ± 0. 122) × 10 -3 mm2/s, of 85 vertebras in 13 untreated AL patients is (0. 592 ±0. 071 ) × 10-3mm2/s. There is statistical significance between them ( t = 2. 568, P < 0. 05 ) ; The ADC value of 183 vertebras in 29 treated AL patients [ ( 0. 796 ±0. 225 ) × 10-3mm2/s]is higher than that in untreated patients with statistical significance (t = -1. 332,P <0. 05). One hundred and forty vertebras in patients with complete remission and consolidation therapy were [ (0. 786 ±0. 184) × 10-3 mm2/s],and 43 vertebras in patients with non-remission(NR) [ (0. 804 ±0. 327 ) × 10 - 3 mm2/s], there was not statistical significance between them ( t = - 0. 160, P > 0. 05 ). The ADC values from S/I direction of untreated patients showed significant negative correlation with the proportion of the blast cell in the bone marrow ( median value 26. 4%. Min 7.9%, Max 48. 2% ) ( r =- 0. 524, P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions DWI of vertebral bone marrow is isotropy. ADC value is a non-invasive and quantitative index for evaluating the pathogenetic condition of AL.

Key words:
Leukemia infiltration;  Bone marrow;  Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; Spinal diseases


Among the important predators of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), in Nova Scotia is a group of predacious mites belonging to the subfamily Phytoseiinae. There is little information in the literature on the biology of the species in this subfamily. Smith and Summers (1949) reported on the bionomics of "Hypoaspis" macropilis (Banks), and Herbert (1952) and Ballard (1953) on the life-history of Typhlodromus fallacis (Garm.).


We have given the information geometrical framework [1] to analyze the BP decoding algorithms of turbo codes and LDPC codes[2, 4]. In this article, we extend our results to the BP algorithm on general graphs. The main results are the characterization of the fixed points and geometrical explanation about the cause of error of the inference. We also gives a new cost function which yields a new algorithm.


The paper deals with the parameters of specific activity of radionuclides 137Cs, 40K, 226Ra, 232Th and 90Sr in soil samples and in Eleutherococus roots and rhizomes which are significantly lower than the common allowances. Hence the above medicinal raw material is considered to be absolutely corresponding to the criterion of radiation safety and it is suitable for being used in pharmaceutical industry.


We propose the fractal generation method to generate the different types of fractals using chaos theory. The fractals are generated by Iterated Function System (IFS) technique. The chaos theory is an unpredictable behavior arises in the dynamical system. Chaos in turns explains the nonlinearity and randomness. Chaotic behavior depends upon the initial condition called as "seed" or "key". Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) fixes the initial condition from the difference equations. The system uses the PRNG value and it generates the fractals, also it is hard to break. We apply the rules to generate the fractals. The different types of fractals are generated for the same data, because of the great sensitivity to the initial condition. It can be used as a digital signature in online applications such as e-Banking and online shopping.


This paper describes an analysis and synthesis technique that can be applied to conical scanning antennas to derive % modulation, db difference and error signal slope in terms of half-power beamwidth, antenna aperture, wavelength and beam crossover level.


'modern ' anthropologies can be traced back to ancient ideas, often being nothing but more refined 'scientific' versions of traditional views" (12). Philosophers today recognize that one who argues for the existence of a mind or soul--substantial or otherwise---must also confront a host of attendant concepts as well, such things as the will, volitions, ideas--what Augustine would characterize as inner phenomena. H61scher ignores this requirement: "the question of what the soul is shall be approached by analyzing what is given in inner experience" (ao). An excellent approach if there is a soul. But this reader needs to be convinced that there is a soul. I f the convincing is done with help from St. Augustine, all the better, but some reason for believing in souls and inner experience must be given. H61scher writes as though he were unaware of the problems attendant upon mind-talk----even when he encounters one. He notes that "consciouness . . . must, on the one hand, be seen as something distinct from the p e r s o n . . , but on the other h a n d . . , identical with the person." He calls this a "peculiar relation of both identity and distinctness obtaining between the person and his conscious state of being" (189). Peculiar indeed. Such vagueness is acceptable in Augustine, who is notorious for writing about the same subject in different ways for different audiences. However, it is unacceptable in a contemporary writer, especially one who facilely dismisses (in a footnote) the identity theory as a "reductionist temptation." It is unfair to Augustine to use his antique arguments against a contemporary position. It is unfair to so simplify a contemporary position as to make it vulnerable to Augustine. But this is not the main difficulty here, for this book is not a explication of Augustine at all. It is, rather, an apology for spirituality. H61scher approvingly quotes (23o) the following from Martin Grabmann: "Is not the materialism and sensualism of modern philosophy and literature the theoretical echo of a one-sided material culture?" The answer to this question is, "No." Such writers always forget that Adolf Hitler and Ayatollah Khomeini are every bit as spiritual as St. Augustine and Mother Teresa. Augustine's comments were addressed to an audience that did not need convincing about the existence o f the soul. Thus, his vague use of language, his question begging and his assumptions in arguing for the soul's substantiality are not troublesome. However, H61scher's book has different audiences, none of which is well served. BRUCE BUBACZ University of Missouri, Kansas City


The Neutriran albedo neutron dosemeter has been improved and calibrated for neutron personal dosimetry. The Monte Carlo code MCNP4b was used to calculate the thermal neutrons backscattered from the body (albedo factor). Backscattering from the wall, ceiling and floor in calibration room was considered also via simulation by MCNP4C. A semi automated counting system applying a high-resolution scanner was used for counting of tracks. An 241Am source was used to produce similar alpha particles from 10B (n,alpha)7Li reaction for the optimisation of scanner parameters to distinguish and separate the tracks in SSNTD, which lead to a better distinction between etched alpha tracks and, consequently, a higher linear region of dose characteristic.


Infective endocarditis is one of the most serious complications of structural heart disease. It occurs primarily in children and adolescents with preexisting anatomic abnormalities of the heart, with an incidence that varies with the specific cardiac lesion. An identifiable potential source of bacteremia precedes infective endocarditis in approximately one fifth of cases in children. The high mortality (19% to 25%), morbidity, and prolonged treatment course of infective endocarditis make its diagnosis, management, and prevention a matter of great importance to pediatricians.
 PREDISPOSING FACTORS
 Structural Heart Disease
 Cardiac malformations are the major predisposing factor to infective endocarditis. Although rheumatic heart disease has gradually declined as a substrate for endocarditis, the increased survival of children with congenital heart disease in the past two decades has increased the number and age of children susceptible to infective endocarditis. In general, lesions leading to a high velocity of blood flow through a heart valve, septal defect, or blood vessel are associated with increased susceptibility to endocarditis (Table 1). Children at highest risk are those with cyanotic congenital heart disease (eg, tetralogy of Fallot), ventricular septal defect with aortic regurgitation, left-sided valvar regurgitation or obstruction, prosthetic valves, and recent cardiac surgery. Endocarditis is exceedingly uncommon in individuals with isolated atrial septal defect secundum and with mild pulmonic valve stenosis.


Since Stilling, in the year 1889, first laid down a method for the investigation of the colour-sense so called >>pseudo-isochromatic<< plates a number of similar and improved tests have been constructed (Kollner, 1912). On account of their considerable practical advantages they have attained to widespread use in most countries. In Sweden, Bostrom-Kugelbergs series, dating from 1944, and Bostroms series dating from 1950, are in use, in accordance with the Ministry of Health circular dated the 19th of July, 1950.


Summary Lymphatic leukemia developed spontaneously in "germfree" AK mice. The characteristics of disease were the same as those observed in the conventional control AK mice. The data indicate that the leukemia agent was transmitted to progeny by congenital route(s).


A ring surface acoustic wave filter on a high electromechanical coupling coefficient substrate is demonstrated. The insertion loss is 1.9 dB and the 3 dB fractional bandwidth is 30%. The filter also shows linear phase characteristics and low-passband ripples. The insertion loss is the lowest reported with such a wide bandwidth.


We present the possible application of a compact high-Tc superconducting AC power cable for transmitting electric power in urban areas, reflecting its novel features such as extreme compactness for installation in underground ducts and considerably large-capacity rating comparable to present high-voltage cables. These new aspects are expected to bring a great cost benefit in the expansion of underground power transmission systems, primarily due to the fact there is no need to construct additional underground tunnels. We set up a model system using 66kV high-Tc superconducting cables with a 350-700MW capacity based on the typical skeleton of a present 275kV system. We investigated the stability of the model system, and found that stable power transmission is possible using a parallel capacitor within a rating capacity of a tertiary coil of transformers even though the high-Tc superconducting cable operates at a fairly low voltage and carrries large electric power. It was pointed out that the effective reactance of high-Tc superconducting cable is roughly an order of magnitude lower than that of present-day 66kV cable to the existence of a perfect shielding layer, which greatly contributes to the stability of the system.


The chemical components of flesh persimmon flowers (petal and calyx), and the qualify of hot-water extracts (teas) prepared from powders of these flower parts, were investigated In flesh petal and calyx, the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and carbohydrate were 84.8% 0.4% 0.3% and 13.7% respectively. The values were not significantly different when the two tissues were compared. In petal and calyx respectively, the crude ash values were 0.5% and 1.1% of flesh weights, the vitamin C content were 192.3mg% and 392.7ng%, the flavonoid levels were 98.4 mg% and 355.2mg% and the carotenoid content were 0.8mg% and 3.8mg%. Hot air and freeze drying methods applied to petals, prior to powder preparation, did not affect the levels of soluble solids or soluble annins. Extract from calyx had higher L values, higher values, more soluble tannins, greater 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhy-drazylradical-scavenging activities, me lower pH values, than did exracts from petal. Fructose and glucose were higher in petal extract than in calyx extract, but sucrose was higher in calyx extracts. Extract of freeze-dried powdered petals had significantly higher free sugar levels than did exracts from petals dried with hot air. The major organic acids in extracts were citric acid, oxalic acid, and malic acid. The levels of organic acids were inversely related to free sugar levels in all flower parts and after all drying methods tested. Sensory tests of aroma, taste and overall acceptability yielded scores above medium for all teas, regardless of the flower part powdered, or the drying method used. The results show that the petal and calyx of persimmon may be used to make tea and perhaps other foods.


The anti-ulcer activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Rhus coriaria Linn (HAERC) was investigated in indomethacin and water immersion-induced restraint gastric ulcer in wistar rats. The assessment was carried out by using ulcer index, ulcer score and histopathological studies of the specimens. HAERC at doses of 145 and 248 mg/kg given orally produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by indomethacin and water immersion restraint method, and the results were comparable to the standard treatment regime. We observed that R. coriaria Linn extract exhibits significant anti ulcer activity and thus supports the Unani claims about the drug.

 Key words: Rhuscoriaria, indomethacin, water immersion induced ulcer model, ulcer index, postsumaq.


In Spain, golf has developed an important increase in the number of fans over the past 20 years. In 1990 there were 45,000 players in Spain, and in late 2013 the figure reached 296,000 (Real Federación Española de Golf, 2013). This evolution in the amount of players has led to a strong development in the sector. Besides being a sport, this practice is closely related to tourism and lifestyle, together with other sectors such as food, health or the environment (Castro, 2009, De la Torre, 2002). Tourism in Spain was 11% of PIB in 2012 (INE, 2012). Commitment to tourism is a reality and golf is one of the attractions for this important sector, besides the traditional "sun and beach" in Spain. Golf attracts tourism (Feo Parrondo, 2001). In fact, in the summer the beach dominates, and in winter prevails the golf course (Riquel and Vargas, 2012; Martinez, 1986 and Priesley and Sabi, 1987). Consultant Aguirre Newman (2011) proves that Spain receives annually one million golf tourists. It is the second country to welcome golf tourists after the United States. Each tourist spends an average of 170 Euros a day, and visits our country for one week on average. This means total revenues of 1.2 billion Euros a year.


Take Jinshui Road of Zhengzhou city for example,this article intends to point out the reasons for the arterial roads jam.In many ways,such as traffic organization and road design,this article presents some ideas to make things better.Meanwhile,this article contrasts the effect of these plans by introducing the traffic capacity redundancy percentage evaluating indictator.


Results: After a mean follow-up of 9.5 years, 156 end points were recorded. In multivariate models, the relative risk (95% confidence interval) associated with increments of 10/5 mmHg of systolic/diastolic ambulatory BP were 1.35 (1.21–1.50) and 1.27 (1.16–1.39). The corresponding figures for office BP were 1.18 (1.09–1.29) and 1.11 (1.03–1.19). Compared with normotension (office BP 140/90 mm Hg; daytime BP 135/85 mm Hg) the relative risks associated with isolated office hypertension (office BP 140/90 mm Hg; daytime BP 135/85 mm Hg), isolated ambulatory hypertension (office BP 140/90


The visit of Captain Cuffe to Africa was a spontaneous movement on his part. He was anxious to contribute to the improvement of his countrymen. His visit to England was a great incentive to the Directors of the African Institution. Both the Duke of Gloucester and William Allen were convinced that the colonists of Sierra Leone needed only a stimulus to their industry and that the Institution could give it without the slightest inconvenience. They regarded Paul Cuffe as a medium for this service-a medium providentially afforded. One is impressed with the methodical and thorough-going way Cuffe conducted his affairs during the first part of his visit in Sierra Leone. He was soon acquainted both with the land and the people. Just as soon as he obtained information he began its dissemination. A letter was dispatched to America in care of his brother, John Cuffe. The Captain wrote "Hope it may find its way to its destination and obtain its desired effect which will be a consolation to one who wishes well to all mankind both here and lhereafter world without end." The following letter dated April 20, 1811, was "The Epistle of the Society of Sierra Leone in Africa," 30 formed for the further promotion of the Christian religion:


The present invention relates to a kind of double-throat fixed type acute frog, in " idle space " section that throat of frog to heart rail reality is most advanced and sophisticated, by the wing rail working edge i.e. end face width of side skew inwards is increased and the change in direction, it is allowed to wing rail heel end working edge intersection point in advance, two wing rail working edges are transferred to an area condition by the form of intersection point recently, actually increase a throat, form double throat region.Double throat region are designed as wide region or the most wide region.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, on the premise of ensureing safe train operation, add the railway frog loaded area that the wing rail action edge in " idle space " region contacts between theoretical point to throat with wheel, improve the force-bearing situation of this section of railway frog, increase wing rail bearing capacity, slow down vertical abrasion flake-off block and phenomenon is occurred to early, thus improve the service life of railway frog.


Introduction: Due to the characteristics of the laparoscopic surgery, specific training is needed. The operating room is expensive and its use has a high complication rate, because of that, it is very important to use simulators that help to decrease the learning curve. Objective: To describe the laparoscopic simulators that exist to date. Method: Systematic review of the literature looking for articles which describe the development, assessment or characteristics of laparoscopic simulators and the web sites of the manufacturers. Results: 4 categories: 1) Simulators without an electronic image acquisition device, 2) Simulators with an electronic image acquisition device, 3) Tracking systems, 4) Virtual reality. We found and describe 15 different simulators. Conclusions: Despite the different characteristics of the simulators, with practice and sufficient repetitions of a technique, there is always an improvement, independently of what type of simulator was used. Laparoscopic simulator laboratories are necessary.


Since its launch in August, 2003 SCISAT-1, Canada's first Space Science mission in thirty years, has undergone commissioning and it was declared operational on February 27, 2004. With a small bus, SCISAT-1 carries a payload of Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) to investigate the processes that control the distribution of ozone in the stratosphere and upper troposphere focusing on the Arctic winter stratosphere. There are two instruments which make up the ACE payload: FTS and MAESTRO. The spacecraft is in a 650km circular orbit at 74° inclination. It is designed to provide sun pointing to within 1°. The spacecraft is controlled and operated from the Mission Operations Centre (MOC) at CSA while the payload planning and data distribution is done through the Science Operations Centre (SOC) set up at University of Waterloo. In this paper we summarize the results of the commissioning and plans for the science operations phase.


Using data from government sources (FRED, BEA, BLS), the thesis explores the underlying reasons for declining U.S. economic growth. A long standing trend of annual 3% growth no longer seems to hold true for the economy. The paper summarizes current theory as to why the growth has slowed and finds new explanations by analyzing the various major industries which make up GDP. The results show that sectoral shifts in employment from high paying industries to low paying industries help to explain a significant portion of the decline in national growth rates. The decline in growth is primarily driven by about ten poor performing states.


According to the bearing incorrect install effects on continuous concrete slab bridge in engineering,three mechanical models were built.The theory analysis and finite element methods analysis were conducted separately,and the strength,stress and crack width of central pier bottom section under temperature loads were also calculated.The results show that,the safety and durability of bridge structures,bearing and pier are satisfy with the requirements of codes for the bearing incorrect install of two-span continuous concrete slab bridges in present paper.The results of theory analysis and results of calculated by ANSYS are agree well with each other,by which the analysis model and methods are verified.


this mutation in a large HIV-infected population. We performed protease sequence analysis with use of an automated sequencer (ABI Prism 3100; Applied Biosystems) on HIV-RNA from samples of plasma obtained from 952 HIV-positive individuals. All patients were undergoing regular follow-up at clinical centers widely distributed across Spain, and drug resistance testing had been requested for all. A total of 813 plasma samples were obtained from subjects exposed to antiretroviral drugs, of whom 737 had virological failure after treatment with regimens that included nelfinavir and/or indinavir. Only 139 plasma samples were obtained from antiretroviral-naive individuals, for whom resistance testing had been requested before the initiation of therapy, as recommended in Spanish national guidelines for resistance testing [7]. Overall, HIV with changes at codon 88 was identified in 39 (4.8%) of 813 previously treated patients, although HIV with the N88S mutation was detected in 11 (1.3%); N88D was detected in 28 (3.4%) of subjects. In all instances, N88D or N88S mutant virus was detected only in subjects previously exposed to nelfinavir and/or indinavir: N88D in 28 (3.8%) of 737 exposed subjects and N88S in 11 (1.5%) of 737. HIV with changes at position 88 was detected in none of the antiretroviral-naive individuals. Our data support the conclusion that changes at position 88 in the HIV protease gene should be considered resistance mutations, because they do not appear in the absence of previous drug exposure. Moreover, selection for the N88D/S mutant genotype seems to require previous therapy with the protease inhibitors nelfinavir and/ or indinavir, because treatment with other drugs from this class does not select for this change. Finally, the N88D/S mutation seems to occur in the viral genome at very low rate, because HIV strains with the mutation are only detected in a few subjects who have virological failure after treatment with protease inhibitor–containing regimens. This observation is in accordance with reports that viruses with changes at codon 88 have a lower level of fitness than do wild-type strains [3]. If the virulence of HIV strains is related to their fitness, then selection for HIV with the N88S mutation might be exploited, from a therapeutic perspective. Moreover, if hypersensitivity to any compounds used in rescue therapy plays a role, drugs such as atazanavir—which preferentially selects for the N88S mutation—could be preferred as first-line therapy to increase the effectiveness of rescue interventions with amprenavir.


Flying Ad-hoc network (FANETs), a new kind of mobile AD hoc network, uses the aircraft as the air wireless communication node to construct a network and achieve effective communication at the network layer as a result of the ongoing expansion of communication networks into many industries. However, the high dynamics, limited node energy, and low network density of the FANETs present significant challenges to the FANETs routing protocol, which requires urgent attention in terms of its design. In order to address the issues associated with the routing metric of the FANETs routing protocol, such as the underutilization of link information and the inadequate consideration of the motion of UAVs, which result in high network packet loss rates, unstable routing, and long route reconvergence times, this paper proposes the Predictable Track-based Routing Protocol (PTP). PTP divides the routing protocol into three stages: route establishment, data transmission, and route maintenance. PTP creatively suggests Node Stability Factors (NSF) for UAV in the route establishment stage and develops a Q-learning algorithm to maintain it in accordance with the status of the nodes and nearby nodes. NSF combined the link quality calculated by HELLO messages to generate a link quality based on Q-learning(LQQ) metric. After that, the optimal path from the source node to the destination node is calculated based on this metric. In the data transfer phase, data is transmitted through the routes calculated in the route establishment phase. Create a new HELLO message during the routing maintenance phase to learn the location of the neighbor node and the two-hop neighbor node, predict the node's future location using the Kalman filter algorithm based on the node's past location, and react quickly when the link is about to change. Compared to conventional approaches, experiments demonstrate that PTP may successfully raise the successful data delivery rate by 10% to 30%, increase the average route survival time by up to 60%, and cut the average route reconvergence time by up to 80%.