Introduction: At the tissue level, the local degree of mineralization in human cancellous bone is heterogeneous due to constant remodeling (Fig. 1). As the tissue mechanical properties of cancellous bone depend on the mineral concentration, heterogeneous mineralization may contribute to the bone's stiffness and strength. Previous studies showed that incorporation of mineral heterogeneities in computational models leads to a reduction in apparent stiffness [1,2]. However, the extent of this reduction is not clear and varies from 2 to 20%, depending on the mineral distribution model. A limitation of all existing studies is the usage of either hypothetical mineral distributions or mineral distributions measured by means of micro computed tomography (μCT) systems, which are known to have a reduced capability to resolve differences in mineral content due to beam hardening effects. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the influence of mineral heterogeneity on the apparent elastic properties using synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography (SRμCT) scans and high resolution micromechanical finite element (μFE) models. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 40 samples of fresh femoral cancellous bone biopsies excised from 9 female and 21 male cadavers (age 45-95). The specimens were scanned with an isotropic spatial resolution of 10.3μm and an X-ray energy of 24 keV using a SRμCT scanning system (ESRF, ID19 High-resolution Diffraction Topography Beamline). Cubic volumes of interest (VOI) with a volume of (4.6 mm) were selected from the center of the scans and further used for the analysis. The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) of the VOIs ranged from 3.7 to 30.9%. The linear attenuation coefficients of the SRμCT voxels were considered to be proportional to the local degrees of mineralization (DMB) and quantified by comparing the attenuation coefficients with a set of reference phantom samples. Heterogeneous FE models were created by converting all image voxels above a fixed threshold (15% calcium concentration) into isotropic eight-node hexahedral finite elements and assigning each element a tissue modulus dependent on the calcium content of the corresponding voxel [3]. Homogeneous models were created by assigning a standard tissue modulus of 20 GPa to all elements. The results were later scaled to the mean tissue moduli of the corresponding heterogeneous models. The apparent elastic properties of both model types were evaluated by performing FE simulations of six independent load cases under kinematic boundary conditions (Fig. 2). The FE simulations were performed on a parallel Linux server with 2x4 Xeon W5580 CPUs and 72 GByte user memory using ParFE. The full anisotropic elastic stiffness tensor was computed by means of stress and strain averages of the FE results. The best orthotropic representation of the stiffness tensor was evaluated by minimizing the off axis error, using a numerical optimization algorithm. Results: Conversion of the SRμCT gray value information into tissue mechanical properties led to an average tissue modulus of 12.2±0.8 GPa. The tissue modulus for the heterogeneous models ranged from 5.4 to 23.5 GPa and the average intraspecimen tissue modulus coefficient of variation (COV) was 20.6±1.7. Comparison of the norm of the stiffness tensors revealed that homogeneous models, which were scaled for mean tissue modulus significantly (p<0.05) overestimated the elastic properties of heterogeneous models by 2.2±0.8%. After evaluating the best orthotropic representation the apparent Young's and shear moduli in homogeneous models were 2.5±1.1% and 2.6±0.9% respectively higher (Fig. 3). The Poisson's ratio in homogeneous models was 0.4±1.4% lower. Homogeneous models which were scaled for mean mineral content overestimated the norm of the stiffness tensor of heterogeneous models by 0.69±0.69%. Variation of modeling parameters (resolution, threshold, calcium content tissue modulus relationship) led to a maximum overestimation of average apparent stiffness of homogeneous models of 4.7±2.4%. A significant negative correlation was found between mean calcium content and differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous models. Discussion: SRμCT based heterogeneous and homogeneous finite element models with a resolution of 10 μm were used to quantify the effects of heterogeneous mineralization on the apparent elastic properties of human cancellous bone. The accuracy of the SRμCT measures allowed an accurate description of local differences in bone mineral content. The bone mineral density distribution (BMDD) in this study was similar to the reference BMDD reported in [4]. The conversion technique used to create heterogeneous μFE models led to an average tissue modulus of 12.2 GPa which is in good agreement with a nanoindentation study of wet cancellous bone from the femoral neck [5]. The effects of mineral heterogeneity were quantified by comparing the apparent elastic properties of homogeneous and heterogeneous models. Incorporation of mineral heterogeneity led to a decrease of apparent stiffness in the range of 1-4%. Variation of modeling parameters did not affect the overestimation of homogeneous models to a great extent. Therefore we conclude that the mineral heterogeneity only has a minor influence on the apparent elastic properties of human cancellous bone. Thus, the assumption of homogeneous tissue material properties for linear high resolution μFE models seems to be legitimate and negligence of local differences in mineral content is not supposed to induce considerable errors.


The article studies the concepts of "bioeconomics", "ecosystem", "innovation ecosystem", provides examples of innovative ecosystems and models of their development. the connection between clus-ter formation and the development of the innovation ecosystem of the region is substantiated.


Foot care is an important aspect of nursing care. One home health agency's journey to incorporate foot care into nursing practice and provide a needed community service is described. Monthly foot care clinics were begun in 6 community senior centers and staffed by home health nurses. A modest fee was charged to cover costs. The nurses learned new skills; clients received care they were unable to perform themselves, and senior centers were able to offer a new program to their members.


This study examined the impact of parental levels of education and occupations on students' examination integrity and academic performance. It was based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Expost-facto and survey research designs were used in the study. Data was collected with an Academic Integrity Measurement Instrument from 3214 sampled students and their academic performance in their last school examination was collected from their school authorities. The two-way ANOVA was used to run the analysis for determining the association or differences between parental level of education and occupations as independent variables and examination integrity and academic performance as dependent variables. It was found that fathers who have master's degrees and mothers who have bachelor's degree/HND exerted the greatest impact on their children's examination integrity. Fathers who belong to the military/police occupations and Mothers who are unemployed have the greatest impact on their children's examination integrity while parents who belong to the civil service and military/police occupations have the greatest impact on their children's academic performance. It was, therefore, concluded that parental levels of education and occupations significantly impact students' examination integrity and academic performance and implications of these findings for adoption of proactive strategies against examination malpractices were discussed.


We solve the linearly constrained linear-quadratic (LQ) and linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) optimal control problems. Closed form expressions of the optimal controls are derived, and the separation theorem is generalized.


Successful knowledge learning among the employees is the key to build an ever-lasting enterprise in this global economy. Effective results of employees'knowledge learning can help enterprise reduce costs and furthermore create a competitive edge. However, in the pursuit of productivity, domestic enterprises tend to expand their human resources with the neglect of knowledge learning among employees. In the past, studies about knowledge learning have focused on many fields including academia, military, government agencies, but rarely on small and medium size enterprises. This study used the leader-member exchange (LMX) theory as the research base to examine the relationships between employees'knowledge learning and their performance in the small and medium enterprises in Kaohsiung. Research participants in this study are the employees who work at the small and medium industries in Kaohsiung. A total number of 720 surveys were given to the employees in 33 companies, and 384 effective surveys were returned. Response rate of the study is 53.33%. Data of this study were analyzed with multiple-regression. Results of the study showed that (1) the LMX quality in the small and medium size private enterprises has a positive affect on employees' knowledge learning; (2) the employees' knowledge learning has a positive affect on their work performance; (3) the LMX quality in the small and medium size private enterprises has a positive affect on their employees' work performance; (4) employees' knowledge learning has a mediating effect on the relationships between LMX quality and work performance. Results of the study suggested that small and medium size private enterprises should implement effective knowledge learning programs. Moreover, the small and medium entterprised should facilitate the internal communication within the organizations in various ways to enhance the LMX quality, employees' effective learning, and working performance.


It is provided method for manufacturing a biocompatible intraluminal prosthesis, and the method, as toxic substances are absorbed into the densified carbon dioxide composition, under the conditions adjusted, polymeric material of the intraluminal prosthesis wo high-density mosquito carbon dioxide composition things similar dip to the ancient capital wo contain.


Passive Q-switching of a diode-pumped a-cut Nd:YVO4 laser with Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber in a plano-concave cavity is experimentally studied. We find that, by adjusting the laser resonator to a nearly hemispherical geometry, stable and short Q-switched pulses can be obtained, though it has been theoretically predicted that the larger gain cross section of the laser crystal than absorption cross section of the absorber prevents good Q-switched operation for this laser, which is a failure to fulfil the second threshold condition. Success in achieving good Q-switched operation in this laser is connected with the occurrence of self-pulsation near the hemispherical resonator configuration. By using a concave mirror of 50 mm radius of curvature and pump power of 770 mW, stable laser pulses were obtained with pulse widths as short as 9.5 ns at a repetition rate of 10 kHz and peak power of 82 W.


: The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of spraying fertile eggs of Dandarawi chicken local strain with natural white vinegar solution (NWVS) on embryonic development, physiological parameters, hatchability, post-hatch chick growth and bacterial quantity on eggshell surface. Four hundred and fifty hatching eggs of Dandarawi chicken local strain were randomly distributed into five groups of 90 eggs each. Eggs of the 1 st group were served as a control (non–treated eggs). The 2 nd group was sprayed with water as a vehicle (positive control). Eggs of the 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th groups were sprayed with three concentrations of vinegar: 1.25, 2.5 and 5%, respectively. Results showed that embryo weight, embryonic and shank lengths as well as, chick body weight, chick and shank lengths and hatchability tended to be Significantly higher (P<0.05) in eggs treated with natural white vinegar solution when compared with control eggs. While albumen weight ratio, egg shell thickness, egg weight loss ratio at 18 th day of development, embryonic mortality and hatch time were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in eggs sprayed with natural white vinegar solution when compared with control eggs. Blood constituents: RBCs, Hb and PCV%, plasma total protein, albumin, total lipids, P, Ca and T4, GH hormones were significantly increased (p<0.05), while plasma cholesterol and glucose were decreased. There was no effect on WBCs count compared to control. Internal organs of chicks at hatch and growth performance of chicks at 14 th days of age recorded significant higher values and improved feed conversion in response to spraying with natural white vinegar solution but yolk residual of chicks at hatch was less than control group. The use of natural white vinegar solution had significant influence on TBC and T. StaPhly. C.on egg shell surface either at one week or after two weeks of incubation compared to control groups. These results indicated that spraying fertile eggs of chicken (pre-incubation) with natural white vinegar solution as natural disinfectants is a good way to improve embryonic development


Could you tell us more about the nature of your mandate?
My role is part of one of the so-called 'United Nations special procedures'. Special procedures is the general name given to the mechanisms established by the Commission on Human Rights and assumed by the Human Rights Council to address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special procedures are human rights monitoring mechanisms endorsed to individual experts called 'Special Rapporteurs', 'Independent Experts' or 'Working Groups', whose common mandate is the investigation and reporting of human rights situations either in a specific territory (country mandates) or with regard to a phenomenon of violations (thematic mandates).


Registration and segmentation provide complementary information about each other. In this paper we propose a method for the joint registration and segmentation (JRS) of images using Markov random fields (MRFs). The use of MRFs allows us to formulate the problem as one of labeling and apply fast discrete optimization techniques like graph cuts. Graph cuts is able to overcome the limitations of previously used active contour frameworks namely, large number of iterations, risk of being trapped in local minima, and sensitivity to initialization. The labels in the MRF formulation indicate joint occurrence of displacement vectors and segmentation class and the energy formulation is able to capture their mutual dependency. Experiments on real patient perfusion data and natural images show that JRS gives better performance than conventional registration and segmentation methods.


A novel fiber optic Raman probe for determination of organic vapors is described. The probe utilizes an absorbent resin, C-18, to concentrate the organic vapors in the optical path of the Raman probe. The probe exhibits a fully reversible response to organic vapors such as carbon tetrachloride or benzene.


This paper presents a high-performance highvoltage (HV) amplifier with an on-chip charge pump for MEMS gyroscopes. The HV amplifier is realized by an HV operational amplifier (op-amp) and a resistance negative feedback. The HV op-amp is a single-stage differential scheme with an HV NMOS input pair and an HV PMOS current mirror. Two integrated polysilicon resistors detect the output voltage and feed it back to the negative input of the op-amp. The on-chip charge pump is the Dickson type, works at skipping mode, and provides as high as $300\ \mu \mathrm{A}$ load current for the HV amplifier. Based on the HHGrace $0.35\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS process, the proposed HV amplifier and the high-efficiency charge pump were designed. Post-simulation results show that the charge pump can output a stable voltage of 20V with a ripple of ±320 mVp-p for the HV amplifier. The gain, bandwidth, harmonic distortion, and output swing of the HV amplifier are 6, 2.2 MHz, −40 dBc, and 12 Vp-p, respectively. The total power consumption is 7.4 mW under a 5 V supply.


A review of the literature published in 2012 on topics relating to the fate of emerging environmental pollutants during wastewater treatment is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: biological agents, estrogens, industrial wastewater, metals, nanomaterials, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and trace organic contaminants.


HSU-MING TEO was born in Malaysia in 1970 and emigrated with her parents to Castle Hill, Sydney, in 1977. She began studying medicine, but changed to arts in her second year of university. After completing a Ph.D. at the University of Sydney in 1998, she taught postcolonial studies at the University of Southern Denmark. She is now a research fellow at the Department of Modem History at Macquarie University. A cultural historian and novelist, she works in the area of twentieth-century European history, British imperial culture, travel and tourism, and popular literature. She is the co-editor of Cultural History in Australia (UNSW Press 2003). In 1999, she won The Australian/Vogel Literary Award for her first novel Love and Vertigo, which was also short-listed for the inaugural Tasmania Pacific Region Literary Prize and the Dobbie Award for women's fiction. It has been translated into German, Italian, Chinese, and Thai. Her second novel, Behind the Moon, was published in 2005 and short-listed for one of the 2006 NSW Premier's Literary Awards. She was a member of the NSW Premier's Literature and History committee in 2004, one of the judges of the 2007 NSW Premier's Literary Awards, and was on the advisory council of the 2007 Man Asian Literary Prize. She is currently serving as one of the editorial board members of the Journal of Australian Studies.Alison Broinowski (AB): A connecting thread of fear has been detected in your fiction. The June 2009 special issue of Antipodes featured several essays that discussed your work. Would you agree with that?Teo Hsu-Ming (THM): It's hard to reduce any novel down to one thing, but fear is definitely a significant part of Love and Vertigo, and especially in Behind the Moon. The section of the Antipodes article that quoted views about [fear in] Australian society, much ofthat is generated by the tabloids, by current affairs television. AU of that comes through in the novel but ultimately it goes beyond Australian society. It's about the human condition, the fear of being alone, the fear of loneliness, and not being able to connect. Now this I think is the great modernist fear. We have for instance E. M. Forster's great epigraph in Howard's End - "only connect" - and the whole history of modernist literature has been about the fear that we are no longer able to connect.AB: In Behind the Moon, Linh, a Vietnamese boat person, had as her greatest fear the dread of being raped or drowned, and afterwards she relived it in her sleep every night. But quite soon in her Australian experience, that fear was displaced, wasn't it, by the fear of not belonging or fear of being alone?THM: I don't know that it was displaced quite soon for her, but I think her fears were tangible and were fears that could be overcome, [though] not easily. The issue of survival was fundamental. Now you come to the society to which she migrates, and the fears became quite intangible. How do you overcome a fear that is just suggested but may or may not actually be real? That haunts the imagination far more. It's not better or worse than actual fears, but survival is quite different from happiness.AB: She's surrounded by people who all have fears of their own, a lot of them similar and some different. Could you talk about them?THM: I think a lot of it was about the fear of not belonging to a community, whichever community that was. Now, that doesn't necessarily have to be the community of the nation, it could just be friendship or family. So for example the gay Asian guy, Justin, whose parents are from Singapore, his fears are not necessarily of not belonging to the nation. As one of his best friends, Gibbo, says, Justin looks as if he quintessentially belongs - "he is very good at sports." And he seems assimilated, but it is his gayness, and particularly his gay Asianness, which marks him out as a misfit, both in the gay community and in the Asian community.AB: And then when he goes to Mahysia, he's not Asian enough, is he? …


A form of hot corrosion attack on .superaZZoys in combustion turbines at surface temperatures in the range 60076O'C is characterized by a s&fide-rich inner scale in contact with the alloy that has no depleted region. The attack is confined to component surfaces containing deposits of eompZex alkali-alkaline earth-transition metal-heavy metal sulfates. It generally occurs at a Zow rate but, oeeasionaZZy, produces a rapid pitting mode.


The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) was published on 18 May 2013 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The revision of the previous edition was a 14-year process that involved amendment of diagnostic criteria, the addition of new disorders, subtypes and specifiers and the deletion of certain previous DSM-IV disorders. The groups tasked with revising the DSM and indeed the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) [the operational system of the World Health Organisation (WHO)] systems (for the soon to be published ICD-11) shared an overarching goal of harmonizing the two classifications as much as possible (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Four principles guided the draft revisions of DSM-5 (1): (1) the DSM-5 is primarily intended to be a manual for use by clinicians and revisions must be feasible for routine clinical practice; (2) recommendations for revisions should be guided by research evidence; (3) where possible, continuity should be maintained with previous editions of DSM; and (4) no prior constraints should be placed on the degree of change possible between the previous and newest edition of DSM.


Human resources is a major asset for a company. Therefore, for the survival and progress of the company, then the company should give special attention to the human factor. For employees, compensation is seen as a tool to motivate employees to maintain the economic viability of their employees and to improve the performance of employees. The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between compensation and employee performance at Bandung Adventist Academy. The study used descriptive method using t-test to analyze the data with the used of SPSS. The research resulted that the respondent suggested that the compensation is given accordingly with mean 4.0305 and performance of employee is high with mean of 4.1771. And, the F-test shows that there are no significant between the answer of male and female, at α = 0.05. However, there was no significant relationship between compensation and employee performance at Bandung Adventist Academy. The resultshows the t-test is 0.702 and is lower than the t-table, which shows that Ho is accepted, with ρ-value of 0.490.


The U.S. Census Bureau's latest population figures released this month show that the U.S. population is growing at a 1% annual rate. The nation added 2.9 million people between July 1, 2003 and July 1, 2004, with about 1.2 million of that coming from immigration, according to the bureau.


We propose two classes of nonparametric point estimators of $\theta=P(X<Y)$ in the case where $(X,Y)$ are paired, possibly dependent, absolutely continuous random variables. The proposed estimators are based on nonparametric estimators of the joint density of $(X,Y)$ and the distribution function of $Z=Y - X$. We explore the use of several density and distribution function estimators and characterise the convergence of the resulting estimators of $\theta$. We consider the use of bootstrap methods to obtain confidence intervals. The performance of these estimators is illustrated using simulated and real data. These examples show that not accounting for pairing and dependence may lead to erroneous conclusions about the relationship between $X$ and $Y$.


In India, most of the people are staying in below poverty line. Nowadays, village people are also most inadequate with mobile phones. To develop this village as smart, we emphasize on different factors like agriculture, employment, nutrition security, environment, natural resource utilization, and conservation, etc. We select smart village based on collection of different opinion from village people in terms of forms, questionnaire, views and surveys, etc. Opinion mining extracts useful knowledge about village from ample of opinions. This mining process gives us a right direction for creating smart village. In this project, we are trying to create digitalized village which is basically an application of Information and Communications Technology to define the major function of Government in order to bring about Small, Moral, Accurate, Reliable and Transparent. To get accurate response, we use big data analytic concept after mining opinions using map reduce approach.


ABSTRACT In this article, I argue that despite seemingly intractable disagreements between different Zionist and Israeli political Marxists, they share a common theoretical and political perspective, which cannot simply be summed up as the commitment to a set of universal values. Rather, I argue that common to all Zionist and Israeli political Marxists is a commitment to a particular struggle at their historical moment, only through which universal socialism is claimed to be achievable. I use three examples from different historical periods to demonstrate this thesis. I argue that for Ber Borochov in 1907, the commitment to Zionist immigration and settlement is what enables Jews to participate in a universal socialist revolution; For Moshe Sneh, writing in 1954, only by embracing Israeli patriotism can Israelis work toward socialism; and for Tamar Gozansky in 1986, it is the commitment to Palestinian self-determination that makes possible universal anti-capitalist struggle. Thus, for each of these political Marxisms, universal socialism is only achievable through a commitment to some concrete particular struggle, one that is not expressed in terms of class.


Reactions of RC[triple bond, length as m-dash]P (R = tBu or Ad (admantyl)) with NHCs (SIMes, 1a; IMes, 1b and IDipp, 1d), leading to 1,2,3-triphosphetenes 2 and 3, a triphosphole 4, and a di-1,2-dihydro-1,2-diphosphete-substituted diphosphene 5, are reported. Compound 5 represents a novel P6 chain framework, as well as a newly discovered phosphaalkyne hexamer stabilized by two NHCs. Computational investigations suggest that the weak π-accepting ability of NHCs results in low stability of the initially formed 2H-phosphirenes, thus facilitating spontaneous oligomerization reactions. Such oligomerizations are highly susceptible to the electronic property and steric bulk of NHCs.


This paper outlines the history and status quo of the development of intelligent information processing technology,focuses on intelligent information processing technology in artificial neural networks,fuzzy theory,evolutionary computation,basic theory and application of information fusion technology and blind separation techniques,and intelligent information the prospects for the development of processing technology and trend analysis and outlook.


A 17 month review of "secret" case files on children held by the paediatrician David Southall has found no evidence that any information was kept from the defence when prosecutions took place.

The Crown Prosecution Service's review was set up in February 2007 by the then attorney general, Lord Goldsmith, after it emerged that Dr Southall kept 4344 "special" case files on children that were not stored on their hospital records.

The review team searched the files to try to find those in which he had appeared as a prosecution witness and ensure …


Community colleges serve a diverse set of students, from recent immigrants studying for citizenship tests to students looking to transfer to four-year institutions. Relative to continuous enrollment, the three most common outcomes for students are to graduate, transfer to a four-year institution, or drop out without either of the previous two outcomes. We use a competing-risks hazard model to jointly model the determinants of these three outcomes for Kentucky two-year college students. Our results highlight the importance of multiple factors such as working while enrolled, financial aid, demographics, and having a GED.


[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in skin temperature and blood flow in the big toe of the contralateral inactive leg during single-leg cycling. [Participants and Methods] A single-leg pedaling exercise that used the right leg was performed by 13 healthy adult males (age 21.2 ± 0.2 years, height 172.5 ± 7.1 cm, weight 62.5 ± 6.8 kg, BMI 21.0 ± 1.6 kg/m2) in a reclined position. The exercise protocol involved four minutes of rest in a reclined position, three minutes of warm-up (load: 5 W), a period of incremental exercise (10 W/min), and a three-minute cool down (load: 0 W). Skin temperature and blood flow were continuously measured from baseline in the left big toe. The maximum work rate was measured during the period of incremental exercise. [Results] The skin temperature and skin blood flow in the contralateral inactive limb were not significantly different between rest and 10–100% exercise. Participants were divided by skin blood flow into two groups: those whose skin blood flow deviated during incremental exercise (deviance group, n=7) and those who did not show blood flow deviance (nondeviance group, n=6). Maximum exercise time and maximum work rate were significantly higher in the deviance group (max exercise time, 565.71 ± 61.73 sec; max work rate, 99.00 ± 9.96 W) than in the non-deviance group (max exercise time, 477.50 ± 59.49 sec; max work rate, 84.33 ± 9.83 W) (p<0.05). [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that skin temperature and blood flow in the stationary leg during loaded exercises do not vary from the at-rest state. Therefore, we suggest that it is difficult to increase the skin blood flow of the big toe in the stationary leg by single-leg pedaling exercise.


Contents include chapters on the following: piloting; structural considerations; propulsion and steering; basic tug handling; communication between ship and tug; using tugs in a current; handling dead ships; salvage and emergency situations; integrated tug-barges; tugs and anchors; and using tugs in exposed waters.


Abstract: Universally, fund raising issues and capital utilitization have been the heart-beat of all financial managers both in the private and public sector. However, profitable utilization of scarce financial resources by various sectors has become more important as cost of fund raised daily has become increasingly astronomical. Hence, the financial manager must do all that is possible to generate returns that will not only be sufficient to meet the cost of funds but also enough to satisfy the wealth maximization objective of the firm. Raising finance for corporate bodies thus becomes important and of highest import. Thus, the aim of this study is to carry out a detailed review of archival literature on the roles of financial management in capital investment appraisal. In this study, the authors intend to review archival literatures to find out the contributions of financial managers in making good financial decisions and to reveal the impact of capital budgeting techniques on financial projects. This simply will provide the reader full detail information about how the necessary data/materials used in the study was collected. The data used for the research were collected by means of vital and relevant data from secondary sources through the review of some related and available documents such as textbooks, term papers, and business publications like magazines, journals, newspaper, periodicals, published and unpublished works and statistical records. This study found that in other to achieve the desired goals of financial managers in effective decision making senior management of any organization must bear in mind that observation of the doctrine of capital investment appraisal must be obeyed and properly executed in the organization.


Aim and Background: The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has caused universal psychosocial effects due to mass hysteria, economic burden, and financial losses along with its high infectivity and fatality rates COVID-19 mass fear, called "coronaphobia," has created a multitude of psychiatric manifestations across the various strata of society So this analysis was carried out to describe the psychological impact of COVID-19 on people, more specifically children Materials and Methods: The following main words are searched for PubMed and Google Scholar: "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV2," "Pandemic," "Psychology," "Psychology," "Psychiatry," "Marginalized," "Telemedicine," "Mental Health," "Quarantine," "Infodem-ic," "Social Media" and "Internet " There were also several newspaper stories pertaining to COVID-19 and psychosocial impacts added as per context Results and Discussion: Long-term acute panic, anxiety, repetitive habits, hoarding, hysteria, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be triggered by the disease itself compounded by compulsory quarantine to fight COVID-19 introduced by national lockdowns These were fuelled by an "infodemic" spread through various social media platforms Community-based COVID-19 prevention services can interrupt the normal lifestyle of children, and can cause florid mental distress Chil-dren's psychosocial factors are influenced in many ways by this pandemic and require special consideration Conclusion: Psychosocial crisis management and intervention models should be implemented urgently by the government, health care professionals, and other stakeholders in order to better cope with these psychosocial problems from various strata of society The use of internet resources, technology, and social media in order to combat both pandemic and infodemic needs to be introduced Psychosocial preparedness by the establishment of mental organizations specific for future pandemics is cer-tainly necessary © IJCRR


In 1946, four national professional organizations—the American Medical Association, American Hospital Association, American Public Health Association, and American Public Welfare Association—formed a Joint Commission on Chronic Disease. When the National Health Assembly in 1948 brought out the fact that chronic disease is the nation's number one medical problem, this joint commission in 1949 was formed into a new voluntary organization, the Commission on Chronic Illness, to study the problems of chronic disease, illness, and disability. It is understandable that one of the first projects of the Commission on Chronic Illness was to hold a National Conference on the Preventive Aspects of Chronic Disease. As early as 1947 the four national sponsoring organizations for the Commission on Chronic Illness had said, "The basic approach to chronic disease must be preventive. Otherwise the problems created by chronic diseases will grow larger with time, and the hope of any substantial decline in their


This study aims to determine; The contribution of coffee commodity on the economy of East Java Province, This research that was located in East Java Province used purposive method for area determination. The method used in the research was more directed to the descriptive and analytical methods. The analysis used was Input Output Analysis. The results showed that In the economy of East Java province, coffee commodity has Contribution and contribution through value of output contribution equals to Rp. 4.247 trillion or contributes 0.133 % of the total output creation in East Java province and it has a contribution of gross added value of Rp. 3.821 trillion or contribute 0,226 % of the total gross added created value in East Java Province.The contribution of output and gross added value of coffe commodity sub sector as a whole has a low value. Keyword: Contribution of Coffe; Contribution of gross added value; Contribution of output.;


Interpretation of human behavior by exploiting the complementarity of the information offered by multimodal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose to fuse task-fMRI for brain activation and rest-fMRI for functional connectivity with the incorporation of structural MRI (sMRI) as an adjacency matrix to maintain the rich spatial structure between voxels of the brain. We consider then the structural-functional brain connections (3D mesh) as a graph. The aim is to quantify each subject's performance in voice recognition and identification. More specifically, we propose an advanced multi-view graph auto-encoder based on the attention mechanism called MGATE, which seeks at learning better representation from both modalities taskand rest-fMRI using the Brain Adjacency Graph (BAG), which is constructed based on sMRI. It yields a multi-view representation learned at all vertices of the brain, which be used as input to our trace regression model in order to predict the behavioral score of each subject. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves better prediction rates, and reaches competitive high performances compared to various existing graph representation learning models in the state-


Abstract The concentration of chlorophyll in a crop can be related to both the position of the red edge in a reflectance spectrum and the yield of that crop. The use of a remotely-sensed red edge to estimate yield is dependent upon a well-understood relationship between chlorophyll concentration and yield and a poorly understood relationship between red edge and chlorophyll concentration. To determine the form of the relationship between red edge and chlorophyll concentration a field experiment was undertaken using a wheat crop with an exceptionally large range of chlorophyll concentrations. The non-linear form of the relationship between red edge and chlorophyll concentration meant that estimates of red edge could be used to estimate chlorophyll concentration up to 0·5mgg−1 and thereby yield up to 6t −1.


Markov chain marginal bootstrap (MCMB) is a new method for constructing confidence intervals or regions for maximum likelihood estimators of certain parametric models and for a wide class of M estimators of linear regression. The MCMB method distinguishes itself from the usual bootstrap methods in two important aspects: it involves solving only one-dimensional equations for parameters of any dimension and produces a Markov chain rather than a (conditionally) independent sequence. It is designed to alleviate computational burdens often associated with bootstrap in high-dimensional problems. The validity of MCMB is established through asymptotic analyses and illustrated with empirical and simulation studies for linear regression and generalized linear models.


A control circuit of a construction machine capable of securing a same operability as in a case where a hydraulic shovel having an open center circuit is tuned by using a standard bucket even when the bucket weight of the hydraulic shovel is changed. Center bypass lines (Cb) are installed for a boom operation valve and a stick operation valve (251) controlling an oil supplied from a hydraulic pump (28) to a boom cylinder and a stick cylinder (25). A stick-in meter-out load pressure compensating valve (42) is installed in a rod side return line (55) from the rod side (25r) of the stick cylinder (25) to a tank (29). A pressure sensor (81) detecting the pressure of the hydraulic oil supplied to the rod side (25r) is installed on the rod side (25r) of the stick cylinder (25). An electromagnetic proportional relief valve (85) controlling a center bypass line pressure on the downstream side of the stick operation valve (251) in an increasing direction according to the rise of the pressure detected by the pressure sensor (81) is installed in the center bypass line (Cb).


The expression 'Oh' in natural conversation is a signal topic in the development of the Epistemic Program (EP). This article attempts to bring into view a sense of place for this simple expression in the early literature, beginning with 'Oh' as a 'change-of-state token' and through its subsequent treatments in the production of assessments. It reviews them with an interest in two allied developments. One is the rendering of 'Oh' as an expression that 'indexes' epistemic structure. The other, pursued in the detail of transcript in Part 2, is how, as of this rendering, the literature manages its tasks of 'animating transcript', or how we portray ordinary talk as social action. We think these two moves are closely connected within the EP. And we think they yield a very different 'vocabulary of motives', different from the natural language studies of conversation analysis (CA). Our discussions address in turn the central phrases of our title.


Doug Melton is Xander University Professor at Harvard University, co-director of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. His lab investigates the development of the pancreas, and uses insights from this process to direct the production of insulin-producing beta cells from stem cells. We met Doug at the 2016 Society for Developmental Biology-International Society of Differentiation (SDB-ISD) joint meeting in Boston, USA, where he gave the Jean Brachet Lecture. Summary: Doug Melton discusses the influence of John Gurdon on his early career, his journey to applied developmental biology, and the current state of the field.


In the past fifteen or twenty years there has been an intensification of interest in avoidance customs in the Soviet ethnographic literature. These customs are being investigated among the peoples of the Caucasus, Central Asia, southern Siberia, and other historical ethnographic regions of our country. A number of articles or sections of monographs have been devoted to them. These works vary in character. Some examine only the system of customs, while others also investigate their genesis and functions. Views on the origin of avoidance also differ. Perhaps the only thing common until recently to all ethnographic publications on this topic was the accepted view of avoidance as an undesirable vestige of the past in the cultures of peoples of formerly backward ethnic borderlands of tsarist Russia now gradually dying out. (1)


In his reply to criticism raised against his reading of Rawls's constructivist method in light of Rorty's pragmatism, Kai Nielsen defends his position on the basis that it provides the tools for an external defence of liberalism. An external defence seeks to justify a liberal conception of justice in a way that will be acceptable not only to those who have already accepted the core substantive principles of liberal theory, but to those who reject these core principles. This paper assesses Nielsen's proposal and shows that Rortian pragmatism is a limited way of achieving an external defence of liberal political and legal institutions. I propose to develop instead the idea of Kantian constructivism to this end. This discussion also brings to light broader questions about the idea of practical philosophy, and thus pays tribute to the works of John Rawls, Richard Rorty, and Kai Nielsen.


The Implicit Association Test (IAT) has been widely discussed as a potential measure of "implicit bias." Yet the IAT is controversial; research suggests that it is far from clear precisely what the instrument measures, and it does not appear to be a strong predictor of behavior. The presentation of this topic in Introductory Psychology texts is important as, for many students, it is their first introduction to scientific treatment of such issues. In the present study, we examined twenty current Introductory Psychology texts in terms of their coverage of the controversy and presentation of the strengths and weaknesses of the measure. Of the 17 texts that discussed the IAT, a minority presented any of the concerns including the lack of measurement clarity (29%), an automatic preference for White people among African Americans (12%), lack of predictive validity (12%), and lack of caution about the meaning of a score (0%); most provided students with a link to the Project Implicit website (65%). Overall, 82% of the texts were rated as biased or partially biased on their coverage of the IAT. The implications for the perceptions and self-perceptions of students, particularly when a link to Project Implicit is included, are discussed.


Objective: To observe the effect of Calcium channel's blocks on Ca 2+ influx of platelets from essential hypertension. And to explore its effect on the ROC(Receptor-dependent Ca 2+ channels) of platelets. Methods Fura-2 fluorescent technique was applied to detect cell [Ca 2+ ]i, and the effects of two types of Calcium channel's blocks on Ca 2+ influx of human platelets induced by CPA differently was observed. Results The resting [Ca 2+ ]i and Ca 2+ influx of platelet in essential hypertension group is higher than that in normal group. Nifedipine can not affect the Ca 2+ influx of platelets from essential hypertension or normal induced by CPA. 5,10 or 20 μmol/L 2A-1-1(purified component from Panax notoginsengs saponins)can refrain the Ca 2+ influx of platelets from essential hypertension induced by CPA. Conclusions 2A-1-1 can block the ROC(Receptor-dependent Ca 2+ channels) of the human platelets from essential hypertension,and can refrain Ca 2+ influx of platelets.


Nine dehydratases involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in addition to FabZ from fatty acid biosynthesis were investigated for their substrate scope using a panel of N-acetylcysteamine (SNAC) thioesters. The best performing enzyme BorDH2 was applied in kinetic resolutions.


The zeroth-order reaction of the hydrolysis of sodium polyphosphate in water at pH = 0 can be explained assuming the formation of a pentacovalent terminal phosphorus intermediate. A terminal unit i...


Using the scanning electron microscope changes in supramolecular organization of polyurethane, (polyurethanecarbamideacylsemicarbasides), having in the main polymer chain foci of tripeptide were studied. They were subjected to proteolytic enzyme action and implanted into animal organisms. It was found that erosive processes going on the polymer plate are essentially similar either under action of proteolytic enzymes or inside a living organism.


This study aims to describe the placement of employees, work environment, motivation and performance as well as analyzing its influence on the Civil Servants of Balai Besar Pemerintahan Desa in Malang. The study was conducted by using descriptive analysis and path analysis with a significance level (α) 0.05. Samples taken were civil servants at the Balai Besar Pemerintahan Desa in Malang with a total of 31 people. The results showed that the placement of employees and the work environment had a positive and significant effect on motivation indicated by coefficients of 0.518 and 0.756 and sig 0.005 and 0.010. Employee placement and work environment had a positive and significant effect on performance with coefficients of 0.735 and 0.764 and sig values of 0.000 and 0.001. Motivation had a positive and significant effect on performance with a coefficient of 0.989 and sig 0,000. Motivation had not been able to mediate the effect of employee placement and work environment on performance. This is because the results of the value of the direct effect was greater when compared to the indirect effect.
Keyword: Employee Placement, Work environment, Motivation and Work performance


Objective To investigate the effect of intraoral sagittal split ramus osteotomy in patient with lateral deviation of mandible.Methods 32 cases were selected who suffered of lateral deviation of mandible to received sagittal split ramus osteotomy and orthodontic therapy, among the total, 12 cases were received genioplasty at the same time.Results 32 cases recovered well in contour and function without serious complications in or after operations.Conclusion The sagittal split ramus osteotomy could be an effective method to treat lateral deviation of mandible comparatively.Combinded with genioplasty,it could bring about satisfying result.


In this paper, we demonstrate how a silver dendrite transforms from mesocrystal into single crystal and the stability for a dendritic silver mesocrystal within a Sn∕AgNO3 galvanic replacement reaction. Our findings provide the direct evidence and visible picture of the transformation from mesocrystal to single crystalline structure and further confirm the particle-mediated crystallization mechanism. At the initial stage of the transformation, there is a crystallographic fusion process, dominated by oriented attachment mechanism. Ostwald ripening also plays an important role in forming smooth surface and regular shape of the final nanocrystal.


The grade-added rough set (GRS) approach is an extension of the rough set theory proposed by Pawlak to deal with numerical data. However, the GRS has problems with overtraining, unclassified and unnatural results. In this study, we propose a new approach called the directional neighborhood rough set (DNRS) approach to solve the problems of the GRS. The information granules in the DNRS are based on reflexive and antisymmetric relations. Following these relations, new lower and upper approximations are defined. Based on these definitions, we developed a classifier with a three-step algorithm, including DN-lower approximation classification, DN-upper approximation classification, and exceptional processing. Three experiments were conducted using the University of California Irvine (UCI)'s machine learning dataset to demonstrate the effect of each step in the DNRS model, overcoming the problems of the GRS, and achieving more accurate classifiers. The results showed that when the number of dimensions is reduced and both the lower and upper approximation algorithms are used, the DNRS model is more efficient than when the number of dimensions is large. Additionally, it was shown that the DNRS solves the problems of the GRS and the DNRS model is as accurate as existing classifiers.


We give an overview of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial correlation model, and investigate the effects of a small angle spread of received fading signals in the spatial fading correlation model on the study of MIMO channel capacity performance. We use Monte-Carlo simulation methods to estimate the complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) of the capacity of the MIMO correlated channel for small angle spreads, and, through analysis, we find a method to reduce the impact of a small receive antenna angle spread.


Tiago de Abreu Siqueira1 Gabriela de Freitas Quandt2 Laura Kunz3 Anthony Credoz4 Rodrigo Iglesias5 Abstract CO2 geological storage is one of the current technologies developed worldwide to reduce industrial emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Two main mineral types of deep geological reservoir could be contemplated for CO2 storage: sandstone reservoirs and carbonaceous reservoirs. Geochemical reactivity of a dolomite-calcite mineral compound and magnesite pure mineral was studied with a set of nine experiments per crushed mineral phase with two saline solution and with mQ water and three temperatures: 50°C, 90°C and 150°C. Experiments were performed in batch reactors with 250 bar of CO2 partial pressure during 24h to assess the effect of temperature and salinity in constant CO2 pressure. Solid characterization was performed by XRD and solution analysis by ICP-OES. Acidification of solutions due to CO2 dissolution in water is the main source of reactivity in the system. Proton concentration increases and causes partial dissolution of initial dolomite, calcite and magnesite and release of Ca and Mg cations in solution. Bicarbonate anion (HCO3) concentration also increases due to CO2 dissolution in water and carbonate minerals dissolution. Temperatures of 90°C and 150oC increase the kinetic of reaction and the dissolution of minerals and cations release in solution. New carbonate crystalline phase precipitates as a Ca, Mg solid solution between dolomite and calcite pure poles.


Objective To explore the expression and significance of laminin (LM) and collagen Ⅳ (CⅣ) in all kinds of prostate tissue. Methods 100 specimens of prostate were divided into 5 groups: normal prostate (NP), benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HPIN), incidentally discovered prostate carcinoma (IDPC) and prostate carcinoma (PC) . Each group included 20 specimens. The expression of LM and C Ⅳ in each group was examined with SP immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of LM was consistent with that of C Ⅳ. They surrounded prostate acinus and ductus with continuous linear and even distribution in NP, BPH and a majority of HPIN. LM and C Ⅳ unevenly distributed around prostate acinus and ducts. In a part of HPIN, they shown fragmental absence or interrupt distribution in IDPC and most absence in PC. Conclusions The results suggest that the expression of LM and C Ⅳ can help us to predict cancerization potential of HPIN, and discriminate benign and malignant prostate diseases.


It's known that the total flow-time problem of two machine open-shop is NP-hard. The restriction problem with machine dependent processing times has not been solved yet. In this paper, for the above problem under the non-idle machine constraints, an explicit solution, i.e., a construction form of an optimal schedule, is designed and proved. This conclusion improves the existing result about the restricted problem. Furthermore in this paper, for the above problem without constraints, some discussions are made, and a mistake of the algorithm in Vakharia Catay (1997) is pointed.


Modern data storage systems often fetch data from a large number of sources. Although synchronous data transfer is simple as it can use simple scheduling of data delivery, it scales poorly. This paper reports our investigations on asynchronous data transfer and processing aiming to substantially improve the system efficiency. The implementation assumes the most recent version of Python programming language, and exploits concurrency and parallelism provided by the relevant Python modules. In particular, asyncio module can be used to parallelize massive I/O requests, multiprocess module is useful to increase the throughput of CPU-bound tasks, and concurrent futures module offers concurrency and parallelism of jobs. The observed speed up compared to a baseline synchronous programming is significant, and it can yield between 77 to 96% reduction in the required overall runtime depending on the specific modules and functions used on a single multi-core CPU.


The following record keeping questions wcre answered by the Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Division of Record Requirements and Information: Question: Is the case recordable if an injury to an employee occurs while the employee is walking to work on a public sidewalk from a company owned or leased parking lot? Could an injury be recordable which takes place after a person checks into work but while he is off the company premises on a public sidewalk en route to a restaurant for a cup of coffee? Answer: The first case does not appear to be recordable. An occupational injury is an injury to an employee which either results from an accident while at work or from exposure in the work environment. Public places are not a part of the em,loyec's work environment unless he is engaged in performing some of the duties of his job in those places. For example, the work environment for a route salesman may inelude public sidewalks, streets, and highways. The second case might be record~ able if the employee was performing duties (he was going at the direction of his foreman to get coffee for the crew) or if his work environment in-


Some of these databases are available to the entire Boston College community. Others are restricted to BC Law. Off campus you may be asked to authenticate with your BC credentials or you may need a personal password to access these databases.


The effect of molecular topology on the properties of isolated polymer chains trapped in a repulsive slit was investigated using off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations. Three different chain architect...


The development of green economy is a process of developing the useful and discarding the useless in the traditional economy. All forms of the green economy systems, which form a network of green economy, come into being in the process. The network evolves itself constantly, broadening its scope and deepening its green connotation. The article expatiates on the process of the development and evolution of the network of green economy, and gives a push-drag model of the evolution of the green economy system.


This paper studys a intelligent control system based on micro-computer in order to rope wire in a winch.It introduces the constituent parts and work principle of the system,analyzes moving direction rules of the rope-aligning device,calculation method of step number and speed regulation algorithm of the stepping motor.


Taking P. Cox Miller's In Praise of Nonsense (1986) as a starting point, and after the most recent studies, the article aims at providing a general overview on the relationship between the human voice and the kosmos in ancient magic.


This contribution, based on the DICONALE ON LINE and COMBIDIGILEX (FFI2015-64476-P) research projects, aims to create an onomasiological bilingual dictionary with online access for German and Spanish verbal lexemes. The objective of this work is to present the most relevant contributions of the dictionary based on two lexemes from the COGNITION conceptual field, the LERNEN/APRENDER subfield. The DICONALE dictionary aims to fill the gap left by the current German–Spanish bilingual lexicography. The novelty is not only the electronic format, but also the inclusion of paradigmatic and syntagmatic information into one dictionary, and the contrastive aspects, subjects that until now have not been found in any onomasiological dictionaries in this area. In addition to the description of the paradigmatic and syntagmatic relationships, it also presents certain characteristics related to the contrastive analysis of the two lexemes. On the one hand, it aims to offer a panoramic view of the most relevant features of the dictionary while, on the other hand, attempting to demonstrate the relevance of said criteria in the contrasting German-Spanish lexicography.


Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most widely cultivated food crops and one of the major cereals used all over the world (Salim et al., 2003). Tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world are the major rice-producers, with 90 per cent of production occurring in Asia (Ezuka and Kaku, 2000). Among the various pests and diseases the bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the most devastating and harmful limiting factor in rice production especially in South East Asia, since the widespread cultivation of dwarf high-yielding cultivars. In India, yield loss up to 81.3 per cent (Gnanamanickam et al., 1999; Veena et al., 2000) has been reported due to this disease and in Japan the yield losses ABSTRACT


Once its pride and joy, Russia's science and technology intelligentsia are now facing the imminent collapse of their country's entire research base. Institutes have lost funding and universities can no longer pay their staff. Rumours of newly unemployed Russian nuclear weapons scientists being courted by developing countries interested in developing bombs have jolted the US government. It is not a good time to be a Ph D physicist in Moscow.


Analyses of biological samples today include protein microarray, a high-throughput technology that can be used for protein expression profiling, targeting disease related biomarkers. Affinity microarray utilises scFv antibodies, fixed in an ordered pattern on a solid support. Albeit high biocompatibility and sensitivity, this technique causes randomised antibody orientation, which could negatively influence the reactivity of the arrayed antibodies. The photo-reactive unnatural amino acid p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (pBpa), can be incorporated into a scFv structure using site-directed mutagenesis and a specific RNA (tRNA)/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pair. Through a technology known as dock 'n' flash, pBpa can be covalently coupled to cyclic carbohydrate β-cyclodextrin both in-solution and on a coated surface upon excitation to 350- 360 nm wavelength light. The technique enables predictable scFv orientation and thereby exposed binding sites, a property desirable in the development of a new microarray based platform. This master's thesis project explored the possibility to incorporate pBpa into 10 scFv antibodies of five specificities through site-directed mutagenesis. It aimed to evaluate the antibody functionality and on-chip performance. Due to obstacles during scFv+/pBpa+ transformation, along with challenging antibody production, the project was not complete in respect to its originally planned protein evaluations. In was concluded that TOP10 competent E. coli are not appropriate hosting scFv+/pBpa+ transformation. Instead it was found that Rosetta-gami 2 and NovaBlue E. coli are suitable scFv+/pBpa+ transformation hosts, and that NovaBlue can partake in mutant scFv antibody production. These new data hopefully contribute to a possible future development of a new high-performance microarray immobilization technique.


The RST (Robust Satellite Techniques) approach is a multi-temporal scheme of satellite data analysis widely used to investigate and monitor thermal volcanic activity from space through high temporal resolution data from sensors such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). In this work, we present the results of the preliminary RST algorithm implementation to thermal infrared (TIR) data, at 90 m spatial resolution, from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). Results achieved under the Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment, by analyzing 20 years of satellite observations over three active volcanoes (i.e., Etna, Shishaldin and Shinmoedake) located in different geographic areas, show that the RST-based system, hereafter named RASTer, detected a higher (around 25% more) number of thermal anomalies than the well-established ASTER Volcano Archive (AVA). Despite the availability of a less populated dataset than other sensors, the RST implementation on ASTER data guarantees an efficient identification and mapping of volcanic thermal features even of a low intensity level. To improve the temporal continuity of the active volcanoes monitoring, the possibility of exploiting RASTer is here addressed, in the perspective of an operational multi-satellite observing system. The latter could include mid-high spatial resolution satellite data (e.g., Sentinel-2/MSI, Landsat-8/OLI), as well as those at higher-temporal (lower-spatial) resolution (e.g., EOS/MODIS, Suomi-NPP/VIIRS, Sentinel-3/SLSTR), for which RASTer could provide useful algorithm's validation and training dataset.


The distribution of organeHles and associated enzymes between cells containing bacteroids and uninfected ceils from nodules of Glycine mar L. Meff. cv Amsoy 71 was investigated by separation of protoplasts on a sucrose step-gradient. Infected protoplasts were much larger, Irregular in shape, and more dense than uninfected protoplasts. The peroxsomal enzymes, uricase and catalase, were present at much higher specific activity in the uninfected cell fraction. Aflantoinase, an enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum, had a greater specific activity in the uninfected cell fraction. Several enzymes whose products are required for purine biosynthesis, including phosphoglycerate debydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and ghwase-6-peosphate dehydrogenase, exhibited a higher specific actinty in the uninfected cell fraction. Isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase were separated on natve gels and located by an actvity stain. The soluble isozyme was predon_antly found in the uninfected cell fraction. These data suggest that peroxisome, containng uricase and catalase for conversion of uric acid to allantoin, are present only in the uninfected cells of soybean nodules. The uninfected cells also appear to be the site of the allantoinase reactionl The ureides allantoin and allantoic acid are the major nitrogenous compounds transported in the xylem sap of soybeans (14, 15). Labeling studies have indicated that the high levels ofpurines synthesized in the nodule are subsequently degraded to ureides (1). The role of both cellular and subcellular compartmentation in this process has been implicated in several recent reports. Uricase and catalase were localized in peroxisomes, allantoinase in the ER, and xanthine dehydrogenase in the cytosol by fractionation of a total nodule tissue extract on sucrose density gradients (10). By means of electron microscopy, Newcomb and Tandon (16) observed that a marked enlargement of peroxisomes and proliferation of SER during nodule development occurred only in the uninfected cells of nodules, and suggested that these cells serve a role in ureide production. In further cell fractionation studies (5), several enzymes involved in ammonia assimilation and purine biosynthesis were localized in the plastid. These included P-ribosyl amidotransferase, P-glycerate dehydrogenase, serine hydroxymethyl transferase, methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, 1 Supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation to N. E. T. (PCM 78 15891). J. F. H. vas supported by a Graduate Professional Opportunity Program Fellowship from the National Institutes of Health. Published asjournal article 10540 of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. A preliminary report has been published (9). one isozyme of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate synthase, and triose-P isomerase. Separation of infected and uninfected nodule cells is necessary to determine the distribution of enzymes and organelles involved in ureide production. We have separated protoplasts on a sucrose step-gradient and assayed the uninfected and infected cell fractions for enzymes involved in purine synthesis and degradation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seeds of Glycine max L. Merr. cv Amsoy 71 were inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum strain 3Ilb 110 obtained from D. Weber, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD. Plants were grown in a growth chamber in perlite and watered daily with nitrogen-free nutrient solution. For protoplast isolation, 6 g of nodules from plants 50 d old were finely sliced with a razor blade in a Petri dish containing about 5 ml of 1-B5 tissue culture medium ofGamborg (8). This medium was removed with a pipet, and the tissue was rinsed four times with fresh 1-B5 medium to remove broken cell contents. Then 11 ml of 1-B5 medium and an enzyme solution containing 200 mg Cellulysin (Calbiochem), 100 mg hemicellulase (Sigma), and 0.2 ml pectinase (Sigma), 1 g sorbitoL and 9 ml H2O were added. The dish was shaken at 25 rpm for 1.5 to 2.5 h at 25°C. The brei was passed through 100-,Lm nylon mesh. Approximately 16 ml of the protoplast suspension were very gently layered onto the following step gradient, prepared immediately before use, in a 30-mi nitrocellulose tube: 3 ml of 60% sucrose, 7 ml of40% sucrose, and 10 ml of a B5 wash medium (8). All sucrose solutions were prepared in B5 medium. The gradient was centrifuged at very low speed (about 30g) in a clinical swinging bucket centrifuge for 3 to 5 min, when two bands at the interfaces could be seen. One-ml fractions were collected from the top of the gradient using an ISCO model 185 Density Gradient Fractionator. Uricase, allantoinase, and f8-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase were assayed as previously reported (10). Catalase was determined by the decrease in A at 240 nm (13). Triose-P isomerase was determined by coupling to a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (2). Aspartate aminotransferase was assayed by coupling to malate dehydrogenase (4). P-ribosyl amidotransferase was assayed by PRPP2-dependent deamidation of ['4Cjglutamine (11), which was separated from labeled glutamate by ion exchange (18). P-glycerate dehydrogenase was assayed by P-hydroxypyruvate-dependent oxidation of NADH at 340 nm (5). The assay for glucose-6-P dehydrogenase contained 2 mm glucose-6-P, 0.2 mm NADP, and 20 mm Tricine (pH 7.8). The increase in A at 340 um was 2Abbreviations: PRPP, 5-phospho-a-D-ribose 1-pyrophosphate; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; Fast Violet B, 6-benzamide-4-methoxy-m-toluidine, diazonium chloride.


Laser-induced thermal lens calorimetry as applied to small absorbance determinations has traditionally relied upon the approximation that the sample behaves optically as a thin lens. The choice of a cell length which is not ideal for theory may be necessary for increased sensitivity. Two models for treating long samples of variable absorbance and enhancement are presented. The simpler of these is based on an approximation that such samples will behave according to the integrated position dependence of a thin lens. A more complex model, requiring numerical evaluation, includes the effects of sample refractive index and lens element coupling. The numerical model is verified experimentally and used to establish the limits of accuracy of the thin lens and integrated position dependence models. The consequences of using long path length samples in analytical thermal lens measurements are discussed in light of the numerical model results.


Clavulanic acid (CA) is a potent inhibitor of class A β-lactamase enzymes produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus (S. clavuligerus) as a defense mechanism. Due to its industrial interest, the process optimization is under continuous investigation. This work aimed at identifying the potential relationship that might exist between S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064 morphology and CA biosynthesis. For this, modified culture conditions such as source, size, and age of inoculum, culture media, and geometry of fermentation flasks were tested. We observed that high density spore suspensions (1 × 107 spores/mL) represent the best inoculum source for S. clavuligerus cell suspension culture. Further, we studied the life cycle of S. clavuligerus in liquid medium, using optic, confocal, and electron microscopy; results allowed us to observe a potential relationship that might exist between the accumulation of CA and the morphology of disperse hyphae. Reactor geometries that increase shear stress promote smaller pellets and a quick disintegration of these in dispersed secondary mycelia, which begins the pseudosporulation process, thus easing CA accumulation. These outcomes greatly contribute to improving the understanding of antibiotic biosynthesis in the Streptomyces genus.


In this paper we propose a two-transistor model with an RPT for the punch-through resistor in the silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory cell. With this model, the subthreshold leakage current induced by the local trapped charges in silicon nitride and the impact on the cell's read characteristics are studied. Some solutions to decrease this leakage current and change the distribution of the trapped charges are proposed and analyzed, including programming condition optimization, the channel initiated secondary electron (CHISEL) programming, and cell structure optimization. Moreover, using the CHISEL or channel hot electron (CHE) programming, the influences on the programming and the erase characteristics of different charge distributions are investigated.


Background/Aims To characterize ultrasonographic findings in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) combined with Graves' disease. Methods Medical records and ultrasonographic findings of 1,013 patients with Graves' disease and 3,380 patients without Graves' disease were analyzed retrospectively. A diagnosis of PTC was based on a pathologic examination. Results The frequency of hypoechogenicity was lower in patients with PTC and Graves' disease than in patients with PTC alone (p < 0.05). The frequency of perinodular blood flow in patients with PTC and Graves' disease was significantly higher than in those with PTC alone (p < 0.05). PTC combined with Graves' disease was characterized by more ill-defined borders and less frequency of overall calcification, punctate calcification, and heterogeneous echogenicity, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Our results suggest that patients with Graves' disease more frequently have atypical PTC findings on ultrasonography.


The nuclear lamina is located on the inside of the nuclear envelope and plays a key role in nuclear shape and -organization. Mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding A-type lamins, lead to a broad spectrum of diseases termed laminopathies. Many of these diseases are associated with a reduction in the total amount of mature lamin A and an accumulation of intermediate immature prelamin A isoforms. While different hypotheses have been postulated to explain disease development, there is still no unified view on the mechanistic basis of laminopathies. Recent observations indicate that certain laminopathies are accompanied by altered levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a higher susceptibility to oxidative stress on the cellular level (Caron et al., 2007; De Vos et al., 2011). However, to date, the underlying molecular mechanisms and functional consequences for the cell remain elusive. Moreover, it is not yet known how widespread this phenomenon is.
To provide more insights in this pathway, we have implemented a dynamic, multiparametric image-based assay to measure oxidative stress in human fibroblasts after directed perturbation of lamin A metabolism. To this end, cells were either treated with drugs that induce accumulation of specific prelamin A isoforms or they were transfected with silencing or overexpression constructs. Using live cell imaging in conjunction with high content cytometry, a quantitative comparison was made of the levels of reactive oxygen species between different conditions. Significant differences were detected between control cells and treated cells, suggesting the involvement of ROS as a widespread phenomenon in the development of laminopathies.


The article is devoted to the research of phraseological fund of the Korean language as the base source of expressing culture and selfconsciousness of the Korean.


I conducted an ecological study of Point au Sauble Nature Preserve on the east shore of Green Bay, Brown County, Wisconsin. Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis were the most common herbaceous species found at the Point au Sauble Nature Preserve. Acer negundo was the most common tree species detected. Of the 46 species found, 15 were exotic/invasive species. The introduction of exotic/invasive species at the Preserve may be from migratory birds, continual wave action from Green Bay, and/or anthropogenic disturbance. The current low-water years in the Great Lakes Basin has allowed the invasive species P. australis to colonize the inner wetland of Point au Sauble. As a part of this research, I developed a permanent sampling grid to be used by future student and faculty researchers to monitor the vegetation at the Point au Sauble Nature Preserve.


Objectives The aim was to study the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and heart function (HF) in agedness with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods 100 elderly patients with CHF were divided into 4 groups (from class I to IV) according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes. Total SUA concentrations were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer,and were compared between groups by analysis of variance. Results The mean of SUA was 303 ± 34 U/ml (normal), 403 ± 95 U /ml (upper limits of normal), 595 ± 190 U /ml (paranormal), and 609 ± 218 U /ml (paranormal) in NYHA Class I, II, III and IV, respectively (P > 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05). Conclusions In agedness with CHF, SUA levels increase significantly accompany with deteriorate of the heart function.


We study decompositions of functions in the Hardy spaces into linear combinations of the basic functions in the orthogonal rational systems Bn, which are obtained in the respective contexts through Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization process on shifted Cauchy kernels. Those lead to adaptive decompositions of quaternionic‐valued signals of finite energy. This study is a generalization of the main results of the first author's recent research in relation to adaptive Takenaka–Malmquist systems in one complex variable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A new implementation of adaptive model following control(AMFC) scheme for some kinds of electrohydraulic servo nonlinear systems was presented by using discrete nonlinear reference models.The design of the discrete nonlinear reference models which hold the main nonlinearities of the controlled plants,and the linearization of the discrete nonlinear models by using affine transformations and a nonlinear state feedback transformations were discussed.Analysis and simulations show that the output of the reference models can be followed exactly by the controlled plants when using the proposed AMFC scheme,and the consequences of simulations are satisfactory.


The Programmer's Workbench (PWB) is a specialized computing facility dedicated to satisfying the needs of developers of computer programs. The PWB might well be called a "human-end" computer; like "front-end" and "back-end" computers, it improves productivity by efficient specialization. It provides a convenient working environment and a uniform set of programming tools to a diverse group of programming projects. These projects produce software for various "target" computers, including IBM System/370 and UNIVAC 1100 systems of much greater size than the PWB machines. The projects range in size from several people up to several hundred. The first PWB machine was installed in October, 1973; usage, acceptance, and interest have grown rapidly since that time. The PWB currently supports about 110 time-sharing terminals, utilizing a network of four DEC PDP-11 computers, all running the UNIX Time-Sharing System. The PWB adds tools to UNIX to support large projects. This paper gives an overview of the PWB and its development; further details appear in the five following companion papers [BIA76A, DOL76B, KNU76A, MAS76A, MAS76B].


We consider some problems in the stochastic portfolio theory of equity markets. In the first part, we maximize the expected terminal value of a portfolio of equities. The optimal investment problem is then solved by the stochastic control approach. We next consider a portfolio optimization problem in a Lévy market with stochastic interest rates. Compared with Merton's model, there are two extra terms coming from the jump component of the stock price and the interest rate risk respectively in the optimal portfolio. The implication is that given the jump risk the investor should invest more in the equity when the stock price and the interest rate are positively correlated, and less when the two are negatively correlated. Our other observation is that given the interest rate risk and the same return as the pure diffusion case the investor should reduce her investment in the equity when the jump component presents in the stock price. We consider relative arbitrage for an infinite market in the second part, and extend the relative arbitrage theory of equity markets to a market which consists of a countably infinite number of assets. One of our goals is to incorporate the bond market, because theoretically the zero coupon bond market is an infinite market. Our conclusion is that there exist relative arbitrage opportunities over arbitrary time horizons in this market under the condition that the capitalizations of the market follows the Pareto distribution. By doing so, we also improved the sufficient conditions of the relative arbitrage in the


Composition comprising a therapeutic and / or diagnostic agents and anti-CD74 immunoconjugate is disclosed. Further, methods of using the immunoconjugates in the methods and diagnostic procedures and therapeutic procedures for preparing said immune complex are also disclosed. The composition may be part of a kit for administering the anti-CD74 immunoconjugate compositions in therapy and / or diagnostic methods.


Autocorrelation Prediction (AP) has been shown to be an effective technique for Pole-Zero modeling. This paper develops a new linear method for identifying a stable Pole-Zero model whose spectrum matches the envelope of a given spectrum. All the operations are performed in Autocorrelation domain, using no Fourier transformations. At one extreme, Autocorrelation Prediction reduces to a linear method for All-Zero modeling. At the other extreme, AP becomes the well-known Linear Prediction (LP). AP can also automatically determine the lowest denominator and numerator orders required to model efficiently the given spectral envelope. Spectra whose envelopes have deep valleys are shown to be matched more accurately at the valleys using AP rather than LP.


Adopting a depth average two dimension non-invariablenes current numerical matrix,flowing and CODMn concentration field of Chuanweichang contamination zone around discharge outlet after impound at water level of 175 m were simulated.Furthermore,contamination zone around discharge outlet distribution figure were drawn by using TECPLOT software.Particularly,forewarning analysis close tied to forecast results.It indicated as below,riverway and water depths broaden nearby the discharge outlet,precipitate velocity of flow which was 1.5 meter per second by nature into 0.2 meter per second.A distinct backwater area which brought on pollutant localizing durative was ill affected towards riverway landform nearby and upriver the discharge outlet.In conclusion,the water environment capability nearby the discharge outlet diminished rapidly than natively status.All discharging pattern of dispose up to par,non-dispose and contaminated accident transnormal will still come into being overrun background and water quality standard contamination zone.Furthermore,it cannot answer water area function needs.


Aim  The establishment success of exotic species is calculated as the fraction of introduced species that have become established, and invasion success is estimated as the fraction of established species that have spread significantly from their points of introduction. Records on species introductions are highly incomplete, so strong conclusions about the tens rule and invasibility of island and continents cannot be drawn.


The coronavirus pandemic has had some unexpected benign effects (including a large drop in air pollution and levels of nitrogen oxides in UK and elsewhere, and a smaller drop in global carbon emissions), which raises the problem of how to sustain and build on these unexpected gains. These gains could easily be lost when economies and road transport return to something like their previous condition. But if governments and industries are inspired to reduce automobile emissions to match the levels of the spring of 2020, gains such as these could become recurrent, and many more lives could be saved. Further, if (with greater effort) carbon emissions could remain reduced, then future generations could be saved from sea-level rise, extreme weather events, and even from the spread of tropical diseases. Such a prevention of disease would be an ironic but welcome gain from a pandemic.


In 2020, student loan debt in the United States totaled $1.55 trillion. Policy proposals to address the high level of debt have ranged from incremental approaches, such as legislative proposals to forgive up to $10,000 of debt for individuals, to sweeping proposals that would cancel all debt through executive action by the President. Several aspects of the student loan policy debate touch on the disabled population in the United States, especially individuals who receive benefits from the Social Security Administration. In this study, I use new data from the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine the characteristics of Social Security and Supplemental Security Income disability beneficiaries with educational debt and compare their characteristics to disability beneficiaries without debt and to the broader population in the United States. Material hardship is widespread among disability beneficiaries, especially among those with educational debt. Hardship is less common among persons without a disability, even among those with educational debt. I apply these results to inform policy debates on educational debt, with a particular focus on the issue of targeting loan forgiveness to individuals with limited economic means.


A method is presented for calculating the heat recovery capability of heat recovery equipment and for determining the fuel and investment savings for specific industrial applications. It is stated that the savings are usually greater if the recovered energy is used for process heating rather than space heating because process heat is needed year round. Preheating process combustion air is one excellent use for recovered heat and results in greater efficiency of combustion equipment. (LCL)


Heterotrophic bacteria is detected and counted by national standard method of China at present,i.e.flat dish numberation,which has the disadvantages of subjectivity,big error and low efficiency because of relying on manual counting.A method of digital image process was developed to determine heterotrophic bacteria in industrial cooling water.After converting the original color image into a greyscale one,we removed the edge image of culture dish on the basis of the principle that three unco-linear points can determine a circle.Then binarization with the grayscale-weighted threshold method,distance transform and watershed algorithm to segment overlapping colonies were applied,and finally four-connected searching algorithm was used to mark and count the colony.It has been proved that the method greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of the heterotrophic counting and the counting results are not affected by shape or size of the colony.Thus,colony counting based on digital image processing method can be an effective way.


The major research goal of this project was to understand and quantify the fate of carbon stored in permafrost ecosystems using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure isotope ratios and C fluxes in a tundra ecosystem exposed to experimental warming. Field measurements centered on the establishment of a two-factor experimental warming using a snow fence and open top chambers to increase winter and summer temperatures alone, and in combination, at a tundra field site at the Eight Mile Lake watershed near Healy, Alaska. The objective of this experimental warming was to significantly raise air and deep soil temperatures and increase the depth of thaw beyond that of previous warming experiments. Detecting the loss and fate of the old permafrost C pool remains a major challenge. Because soil C has been accumulating in these ecosystems over the past 10,000 years, there is a strong difference between the radiocarbon isotopic composition of C deep in the soil profile and permafrost compared to that near the soil surface. This large range of isotopic variability is unique to radiocarbon and provides a valuable and sensitive fingerprint for detecting the loss of old soil C as permafrost thaws.


Maximizing the utilization of maintenance hangar is crucial for independent aircraft maintenance companies in order to meet the increasing maintenance demands from airline companies and survive in the intense competition within the industry. Hangar space is one of the resource constraints in aircraft maintenance scheduling problem. In this study, No-Fit Polygons (NFP) construction is adopted to prevent overlap between aircraft. Two Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulations are proposed with the objective to maximize the utilization of hangar while minimizing the risk of collision between aircraft. The proposed models are solved by the default branch-and-bound algorithm provided by CPLEX. Eight testing instances are generated based on the real-life data from an aircraft maintenance company. The computational results show that the default branch-and-bound algorithm is able to provide feasible parking layouts for all instances.


Basing on the commercial CFD metho d ,several models are adopted to simulate water model. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data of water model under the same experimental conditions. Then the numerical simulation method is presented to investigate the flow field, the vortex on gas-liquid surface and the uniform mixing time in hot metal ladles. This research shows: the vortex depth increases with increasing of immersion depth and rotation speed; Overflow appears in N=120rpm and h=3.2m; the turbulent kinetic energy increases with increasing immersion depth and rotation speed; uniform mixing time decreases with the decreasing of immersion depth and the rotation speed of stirring ; the optimal uniform mixing time is 23.5s on the conditions of N=100rpm and h=3.2m within the allowable range.


Dynamical generation of fermion mass is studied in the Gross-Neveu model at finite temperature and density, in a generalization of the approach of Nambu and Jona-Lasinio. Summation methods are presented which simplify analysis of the phase diagram in the high- and low-temperature limits.


A brief review of the extensive empirical literature devoted to explaining levels of military expenditure indicates a wide variety of unreconciled results. However, comparing the alternative models is not straightforward. This paper uses British post-war military expenditures to illustrate some of the methodological issues involved in model comparison, evaluation and selection. Starting from two published models for the U.K., a systematic specification search leads to a new model, which dominates alternative specifications, passes a wide range of misspecification tests, and also fits well to French data. Copyright 1989 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a material that now often become the topic in nanotechnology research. CNT is widely used in the electronics industry especially for TV and computer flat panel displays, devices, automotives for car components, and batteries. Also for defense industries as well as other industries such as sports equipment. Camphor (C10H16O), a botanical hydrocarbon, can be used as a renewable and low cost carbon source for CNT synthesis. Synthesis was performed with stainless steel-316 (SS 316) as substrate, argon as carrier gas, and hydrogen as co-reactant. Preparation of the SS 316 was through a pretreatment by oxidative heat treatment method at a temperature of 850oC for 30 minutes, to remove the layer of chrome and make a rough surface as a growth media for CNT. The operating temperature of the synthesis used was 800oC with a reaction time of 60 minutes. Reactor, which made from stainless steel 316 (SS 316), was used for synthesis CNTs with maximum camphor mass of 20 grams. This research was conducted by varying the number of camphor mass by 5, 7, 10, 12, and 15 grams. The results showed that camphor decomposed into three compounds which are 40% benzene, 8% toluene, and 52% xylene. CNT grows on the surface of the SS 316 plate for each variation. CNTs have grown by follow tips growth model with deformations like buckling growth model and continuous growth model were also founded. The results of XRD showed that CNT were found in every camphor mass variation with high intensity at 2θ angle of 26° and 43°. The best quality and yield of CNT was obtained at camphor mass of 15 grams with carbon percentage of 87,1% and diameter 33 - 44 nm.Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a material that now often become the topic in nanotechnology research. CNT is widely used in the electronics industry especially for TV and computer flat panel displays, devices, automotives for car components, and batteries. Also for defense industries as well as other industries such as sports equipment. Camphor (C10H16O), a botanical hydrocarbon, can be used as a renewable and low cost carbon source for CNT synthesis. Synthesis was performed with stainless steel-316 (SS 316) as substrate, argon as carrier gas, and hydrogen as co-reactant. Preparation of the SS 316 was through a pretreatment by oxidative heat treatment method at a temperature of 850oC for 30 minutes, to remove the layer of chrome and make a rough surface as a growth media for CNT. The operating temperature of the synthesis used was 800oC with a reaction time of 60 minutes. Reactor, which made from stainless steel 316 (SS 316), was used for synthesis CNTs with maximum camphor mass of 20 grams. This research was c...