Jinan, Shandong Province, China frequently faces challenges related to spring protection and water supply security, and managed aquifer recharge (MAR) presents an effective solution to these challenges. Three MAR projects with multiple sources in Yufuhe River in Western Jinan City are conductive to increasing groundwater supply and maintaining groundwater levels. In order to determine the reasonable recharge flows and time, the hydrogeological conditions of the study area were described, the river infiltration recharge processes were simulated by Hydrus-2D software, and the recharge schemes for different groundwater depths were put forward. The results show that the model can achieve the better fitting effect. When the releasing flow is small, the optimal scheme is to continuously discharge water by 286800, 282500 and 282000 m3/d for 19.5, 12.7 and 10.5 days when the groundwater depth is 42, 30, 23 m at Cuima Village respectively. This study has certain significance for the efficient water lease of the Yufuhe River recharge project in Jinan City.


Polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups are disclosed. The esters are obtained by transesterifying alkyl polyacrylate esters with dialkylaminoalkanols, followed by quaternization. The polymers are free of physiologically questionable components and can therefore be used for the preparation of cosmetic products, preferably for hair cosmetics. The polymers furthermore are suitable for finishing fibers or of textile products. The invention is furthermore directed to polyacrylate esters with tertiary amino groups, which are formed as intermediates in the preparation of polyacrylate esters with quaternary ammonium groups.


This book presents the results of an extensive research effort by Sally Macgill on the controversy surrounding the link between radioactive releases from the spent-fuel reprocessing facility at Sellafield, Cumbria, UK, and the increased incidence of childhood leukemia in the area. Specifically, the book examines public beliefs about the potential cancer links and the official response to the controversy, the Black Report. Of particular interest to Macgill is the diversity of beliefs among the local population regarding Sellafield in addition to the uncertainties, ambiguities, and reassurances found in the Black Report. The book is divided into three parts and begins with a description of the history of the Sellafield facility and the controversy. Chapter 1 provides some initial background material on the disputed connection between radioactive discharges from the facility and increased incidences of childhood leukemia in the area. In the following chapter, Dr Macgill traces the public response to the controversy using the mass media


This paper describes an implementation of the class based queueing (CBQ) mechanisms proposed by Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson to provide real time policies for packet forwarding. CBQ allows the traffic flows sharing a data link to be guaranteed a share of the bandwidth when the link is congested, yet allows flexible sharing of the unused bandwidth when the link is unloaded. In addition, CBQ provides mechanisms which give flows requiring low delay priority over other flows. In this way, links can be shared by multiple flows yet still meet the policy and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the flows.

We present a brief description of the implementation and some preliminary preformance measurements. The problems of packet classification are addressed in a flexible and extensible, yet efficient manner, and whilst the Streams implementation cannot cope with very high speed interfaces, it can cope with the serial link speeds that are likely to be loaded.


Introduction From 1990, the tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate in eastern Europe rose to reach a peak in 2001. (1) Although the rates have began to decline in many of these countries, they are still increasing in Belarus, the Russian Federation, the Ukraine and the central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. (1,2) Eastern Europe, and in particular the Russian Federation and the Ukraine, also face increasing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Of the 17 283 global MDR-TB cases reported in 2004, over 60% (10 595) were from the European region--especially from eastern Europe and the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Treatment success levels for DOTS are substantially lower in eastern Europe than other regions of the world (except Africa), while DOTS coverage and smear-positive case detection rate are the lowest globally. (3) These problems are key obstacles to meeting Millennium Development Goals for TB in Europe. (2,3) Following the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, health systems in post-Soviet countries experienced substantial reductions in financing, decline in population coverage and huge increases in out-of-pocket payments. (3) Along with epidemics of sexually transmitted illness (STI) and injecting drug users (IDUs), (4,5) eastern Europe now has the world's fastest rate of growth of HIV incidence. (6) This paper explores the evolving epidemiology of TB, MDR-TB and HIV in the Ukraine as well as the policy and health systems' responses to these. The paper identifies shortcomings of these responses and, by drawing on experiences and evidence from neighbouring countries with similar TB control systems, it examines possible reasons for these shortcomings. It concludes by identifying options to strengthen health system responses to improve TB control. A cause for concern In the Ukraine, the second-largest country in eastern Europe with a 2005 population of 47.1 million, the incidence of active TB rose from 41.7 per 100 000 population in 1995 to 84.1 per 100 000 in 2005 (Fig. 1). In the same period, the prevalence of active TB increased from 193.1 per 100 000 population in 1995 to 219.1 per 100 000 in 2005 (Fig. 2). Meanwhile, the mortality rate from TB has almost doubled, increasing from 14.3 per 100 000 population in 1995 to 25.3 in 2005 (Fig. 3). But the TB burden is not evenly distributed. The incidence rate in penitentiary institutions is 3 to 4.5 times higher than the civilian sector. South-eastern Ukraine, which has a large number of penitentiary institutions, has incidence rates (e.g. Kherson region, 174 per 100 000; Mykolayev region, 111.1 per 100 000) that are 1.5 to 3 times higher than those in the capital city of Kiev (46.8 per 100 000; Fig. 1). (7) In 2005, the Ukraine reported a case detection rate of 86% for new and relapsed cases of TB and DOTS coverage rate of 29%, one of the lowest rates in Europe. The latter is of particular concern, as the Ukraine has one of the highest MDR-TB levels (10% of new and 29% of previously treated cases) in Europe. (8) In the WHO 2006 Report on Global Tuberculosis Control, the Ukraine was the only eastern European country for which no trend data was available for the notification and treatment success rates, collaborative TB-HIV activities and MDR-TB levels for the whole country. (1) TB and HIV As with TB, the incidence and prevalence of HIV has also risen. In 2006, there were 16 078 new registered cases of HIV, almost a tenfold increase from the number of registered cases in 1995 (Fig. 4). By 2005, Ukrainian authorities had reported a cumulative total of 88 626 HIV cases, but the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates put this figure nearer to 410 000, with an estimated incidence rate of 1.4% in adults aged 15 to 49 years. (9) The Ukraine is now the most HIV-affected country in Europe and has the second-highest number of HIV-positive people after the Russian Federation. …


Abstract : This paper documents a quantitative analysis of the performance of the generalized chain codes when used to quantize waveforms of specific degrees of curvature. The analysis was performed using a software simulation of the chain coding system on periodic circular and sinusoid waves. The performance of the codes was measured in terms of the number of encoded bits per length of the function and the area error per length. The analytic measure of the curvature of the circular and sine wave was developed so that the performance of the codes could be evaluated as a function of the curvature of the waveform being quantized. Comparisons on the circular wave provided a baseline of a constant curvature function. The performance of the coding system was the compared to the results when sine functions of similar curvature were encoded to determine if curvature is a valid predictor of the performance of the chain code system. (Author)


Based on the underground mining conditions of Muchengjian Coalmine in Western Beijing,the discrete element method was used to simulate the evolution process of stress arch for the overlying strata and the real fracturing of overlying strata and the conditions of crack growth were detected visually.The simulation results indicated that the vault of stress arch extended upward continuously along with the increase of mining area and finally reached the stable state in the range about 8 times as much as the mining thickness of seam.The detection results by the borehole camera showed that the development of cracks was non-homogeneous and the fractured zone and intact zone occurred alternately in the overlying strata,and the real upper bound of cracks was close to the vault of stress arch in the numerical simulation.


There is a phenomenon of intense utilization with less maintenance in the development and utilization of the low hillocks in the south red earth region.Taking the South Scientific Demonstration Base of Fruit Industry in Shanggao,Jiangxi Province as an example,we analyzed effects of circulated economical system establishment and biogas ecological engineering construction to improve soil organic matter of the low hillocks in the region.Our study illustrates that interplant green manure may remarkably increase soil organic matter content,and application of biogas fertilizer may greatly improve soil organic matter in a relatively short time.


Soil moisture-based, high-frequency, low-volume (pulsed) irrigation management strategies have saved water while maintaining yields of vegetables grown in coarse textured soils. However, little is known regarding the efficacy of soil moisture-based pulsed irrigation on finer textured soils. Therefore, five tensiometer-based, automated irrigation treatments were tested for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) grown in a Maury silt loam soil in 2009 and 2010 in Lexington, KY. Irrigation treatments consisted of paired-tensiometer systems with on/off setpoints of –30/–10, –30/–25, –45/–10, and –45/40 kPa in both 2009 and 2010 and a single-tensiometer system with setpoints of –35 kPa in 2009 and –40 kPa in 2010. In 2009, the pulsed systems (–30/–25, –45/–40, and –35 kPa) irrigated more frequently but for a shorter duration than non-pulsed systems (–30/–10 and –45/ –10 kPa). Soil moisture measurements in 2009 suggested that probes set at a depth of 6 inches were more closely matched to irrigation setpoints than those at 12 inches. In both years, the –45/–40 kPa setpoint treatment used the least amount of water while maintaining total marketable yields that were not significantly different from other treatments. Yields were significantly higher in 2009 than 2010, though atypical air temperatures in 2010 may have been the cause. Leaf water potential and relative water content were measured predawn and midday throughout the growing season in 2009 and 2010. Leaf water potential was not significantly affected by the treatments in either year, though leaf relative water content was affected in 2010. In this trial, an automated, soil moisture-based irrigation system maintained yields and saved water when compared with a non-pulsed irrigation system using similar irrigation setpoints for tomato grown in a silt loam soil.


Much has been written about Joseph Freeman, but one aspect of his life has curiously gone unnoticed by intellectual and political historians, including his biographers. During the mid-1940s, the giant of the literary left, editor of New Masses, and cofounder of Partisan Review was a paid research and editorial assistant for the Institute of Social Research (the Frankfurt School). Though Freeman's formal involvement with the Institute lasted only a couple of years, off and on, his informal relationships with various Institute members stretched back for a decade. Freeman helped to integrate the Institute into the antifascist Popular Front; was an eyewitness to post-Front political dynamics and tensions within the Institute; translated and edited reports and articles; and, perhaps most interestingly, played a minor role in assembling the infamous Massing espionage "Redhead Group."


Over the past 40 years the business cycles of Anglo-Saxon countries have become more closely synchronized. This paper investigates whether the factors suggested for explaining cycle co-movements across countries can also explain changes through time. We find that most of the cross-sectional explanations – trade, industrial structure and relative market flexibility – can also explain changes through time. However, the size and sign of the impact vary across country pairs.


Ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) is an active ingredient of Panax ginseng, which has previously been reported to attenuate alcohol-induced hepatic damage; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of G-Rg1 on alcohol-induced cell injury in vitro and on a rat model of alcoholic hepatitis in vivo. For the in vitro model, L-O2 cells were incubated with ethanol in the presence or absence of G-Rg1. For the in vivo model, rats were administered ethanol by intragastric injection and were treated with G-Rg1, or dexamethasone as a control. The results indicated that serum biochemical parameters, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin, as well as the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway-associated inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β, were elevated in response to alcohol; however, they were significantly decreased by G-Rg1 treatment. Furthermore, NF-κB pathway activation was reduced by treatment with G-Rg1. G-Rg1 also decreased oxidative stress by inhibiting cytochrome P450 2E1 expression and reactive oxygen species production, and promoting glutathione peroxidase expression. Furthermore, G-Rg1 inhibited the expression levels of caspase-3 and -8, which may be associated with decreased hepatocyte apoptosis. These data suggested that G-Rg1 may protect hepatocytes against alcohol-induced injury, through preventing excessive inflammation and hepatocellular apoptosis.


Different materials like polymers, glasses, and ceramics have been machined by photoablation with excimer laser radiation (193 nm, 248 nm, 308 nm). Structuring with micrometer resolution can be achieved for these materials if the right wavelength, fluence, and pulse repetition rate is chosen. At high fluence or intensity the ablation process seems to be superimposed by some kind of plasma sputtering. The diameter of deep holes becomes significantly larger than the spot diameter on the sample surface. On the bottom of the holes a regular microstructure appears for several materials. The development of this structure depends on the fluence and the ambient atmosphere.


The injury in question has numerous designations or names as varied descriptions. We believe that the designation "carcinoma in situ" or "intraepithelial carcinoma" or "superficial" or "preinfiltrativo" are incongruous to call "carcinoma" to a state that does not have its specific characteristics, nor will we know whether, namely proliferation active atypical, invasive or destructive, and metastasize. Indeed, it is histopathological lesions and therefore is necessary to fix the designation and description.


The first year of teaching poses massive challenges that lead to attrition among novice teachers. School communities often fail to provide adequate support to novice teachers to help them adapt to their new professional environments. In Saudi Arabia, attrition among novice teachers is a significant problem that hinders the development of the educational system. This study was conducted to examine the challenges that Saudi Arabian EFL novice teachers face as they transit into their first teaching jobs, and to determine whether these teachers have adequate support or would benefit from a formal induction process.  Two kinds of data collection methods were used in this study, namely quantitative and qualitative. In this mixed methods study, 150 novice teachers were surveyed and 5 teachers were selected for semi-structured interviews. The quantitative analysis of the data was accomplished using descriptive and inferential statistics to answer the research questions. The qualitative analysis of the data was accomplished by interpreting the responses provided to the interview questions. The findings indicated that the challenges surrounding novice teachers hinder them in their development as new teachers. The most conspicuous challenges reported by the study participants were dealing with low English proficiency students and managing the negative attitudes of students toward learning English. This report also determined additional perceptible challenges: adoption of various teaching methods and the establishment of a student-centered approach, student behavior management, course planning, dealing with individual differences, and communication with parents.  This study showed that these teachers had left their pre-service training with a very limited knowledge and skills for dealing with the reality of teaching. Mentoring and observing veteran teachers were identified by novice teachers as the two most beneficial strategies for implementing a teacher induction program that could mitigate the challenges they face in their first few years.


To understand the mechanism of surface processing by atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium microwave discharge plasma jets of coaxial type without a resonator, we measured the vibrational and rotational temperatures in plasmas using optical emission spectroscopy. The plasma was excited by a microwave power supply, using a gas mixture of Ar and N2 as the plasma gas, and changing the flow rate of N2 gas. We also measured the change in the contact angle of a PET film before and after the plasma processing. It decreased as the plasma rotational temperature increased, indicating that the hydrophilicity of the PET surface was improved as the plasma rotational temperature became higher. © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Although the SC-Flip decoder can significantly avoids the effects of cumulative errors by flipping the first erroneous bit of the traditional SC decoder, the computational complexity of the SCF increases simultaneously. In this letter, to reduce the computational complexity of the SCF decoder, we investigate the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values and their distribution related to the erroneous bit-channels, then replace the LLR sorting method of SC-Flip with a new value. By setting a threshold for the bits to flip, we proposed a SC-Flip decoder using effective flip bits (SCF-EF). Simulation results demonstrate that for practical code lengths (1024, 512), SCF-EF can achieve 21.37% complexity reduction at SNR of 0.5dB with negligible loss compared with the BLER performance when correcting all single-errors.


"Through the Magnifying Glass" showcases a selection of books from the 17th and 18th centuries that contain extraordinary illustrations of animals and plants as they were originally seen through the lenses of early microscopes.


The passive radar faces a significant problem in multipath clutter.The conventional recursive least square(RLS)algorithm can be efficient for multipath clutter mitigation.The RLS algorithm exhibits faster convergence rate independent on the eigenvalue diffusion of the input-signal autocorrelation matrix,and achieves better performance in terms of multipath clutter mitigation compared with the least mean square(LMS)algorithm,but the computational cost of the algorithm is higher and makes it not suited for real-time computation.The way to use the fast transversal filter algorithm to reject the multipath clutter in the passive radar was proposed.The algorithm which is more attractive for real-time processing of the multipath clutter mitigation requires the same order of computations as the LMS algorithm while having the same advantage as the RLS algorithm.The simulation and real-life data processing results confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm.


In a series of 6 experimental studies, the means by which a chick recognises its mother, and the reversibility of filial attachments were examined using bantam hens and their chicks. In a simultaneous discrimination test it was determined that the chick could discriminate between own and alien hens by means of the hens' cluck vocalizations, on the 4th and 8th days post hatching, (Experiment 1). The chicks could make this discrimination more efficiently when live hens were presented (Experiment 2). On separating the hen and chicks for 4 h on the 4th day, the chicks could no longer discriminate between own and an alien live hen (Experiment 3) while they would accept an alien hen, (Experiment 4). These findings suggest that maternal-filial bonds may be reversed with little difficulty. Thus Experiment 5 was designed to examine the stability of these later maternal filial bonds. Chicks spent the first 3 days post hatching, with the hen who incubated the eggs. Then they spent 3 days with an alien hen, after which 3 days isolation followed. It was found that chicks could discriminate in favour of their own hen after the first period of exposure, and in favour of the alien hen after the second period of exposure. Following 3 days isolation they showed no preference for either hen. Experiment 6 was essentially a replication of Experiment 5, but included a control for familiarity. Only one test took place after the 3 days isolation. The chicks were presented with the 1st 2nd and an unfamiliar alien hen. The chicks did not discriminate in favour of any particular hen. It is concluded that after 4 h or 3 days isolation, the chicks did not discriminate between the hens presented, yet they remained responsive to hens.


This work enables an analysis and identification of hedging in the municipality of San
Jacinto in the department of Bolivar. Where from satellite images (Rapideye and
Spot) in 1999 and 2011, changes were identified in land cover between these two
periods at a scale 1: 25 000. With supervised classification process coverage and
analysis of the same, reflecting a major expansion of agricultural land.
On the economic development that has taken this town, it was evident that
agricultural activity showed considerable growth, contrary to the artificialized
territories, which showed a small loss without presenting growth of this.


With the comparison of esomeprazole and omeprazole in the treatment of duodenal ulcer,we conclude that the therapy of esomeprazole is better than that of omeprazole.


The invention discloses a kind of sodium rechargeable battery high-voltage anode material manganous acid sodium Na 2 MnO 3 Method for preparing solid phase.It is characterized in that prepared method is comprised the following steps:By the manganese source compound of certain stoichiometric proportion and sodium source compound, ground and mixed is uniform;The mixture of gained is transferred in tube furnace, under inert gas shielding, room temperature is cooled to after pyroreaction at 400 ~ 700 DEG C;By the grinding of above-mentioned presoma through distilling water washing to neutrality, target product manganous acid sodium is obtained final product after drying water removal grinding.The method disposably adds material, and technological operation is simple, and raw material is cheap and easy to get, and product purity is high, and process control and properties of product all have good reappearance.Prepared Na 2 MnO 3 Material potential plateau is high, shows excellent chemical property, will be the further research of this kind of high-energy-density positive electrode and practical offer new approaches.


Simple Summary Intra-city railway areas can play a role in enhancing the diversity and dynamics of urban flora. The current study sheds the light on the role that overlooked railway habitats can provide in the conservation of biodiversity through surveying the floristic composition and diversity along intra-city railway and tram tracks in Alexandria. The plant communities were identified using multivariate analysis techniques. Spontaneous flora in intra-city railway areas represent distinct adaptations to unique urban–industrial ecosystems with different levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Despite the high level of disturbance, native species dominated the investigated habitats, including rare and endemic species. The study emphasizes the role that these ruderal habitats provide as valuable refuge areas for rare and endangered species worthy of proper management and conservation action. Abstract Intra-city railway areas are deemed large greenspaces and are believed to be key in enhancing the diversity and dynamics of urban flora. In the current study, the floristic composition and diversity along intra-city railway and tram tracks in Alexandria were surveyed. The floristic composition of the plant communities in relation to environmental factors, ecological indicators, and level of human impact was analyzed using multivariate analysis (two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) for classification and detrended correspondence analysis (DECORANA) for ordination. The multivariate ordination techniques (CCA) revealed differences in the environmental factors and climatic factors influencing the floristic composition of the railway and tram track habitats. Tram tracks suffered higher human impact while maintaining higher vitality and cover compared to train tracks. Species recorded were mainly therophytes, followed by phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes dominated by native species; however, invasive species' contribution was higher compared to surrounding regions. The number of invasive species was greater in railway areas compared to tram track areas (19 and 15, respectively). The occurrence of two endemic species (Sinapis allionii and Sonchus macrocarpus) with limited national distribution highlights the importance of these habitats as valuable refuge areas for rare and endangered species worthy of conservation action.


Rationale, aims, and objectives: All patients scheduled for elective orthopaedic surgery are seen by an anaesthesiologist routinely in the pre-anesthesia clinic as part of their standard pre-operative evaluation. This study aimed to assess the potential to reduce the number of elective orthopaedic surgery patients seen in the pre-anesthesia clinic, using a registered nurse (RN)-led pre-operative process to identify low-risk patients as part of a sensitive, individualized and caring approach.Method: This quality improvement study was performed across the orthopaedic services outpatient population, in a tertiary healthcare centre in Saudi Arabia. A simple 'yes/no' questionnaire was developed and utilized over a 3-month period to identify the low-risk adult patient population and determine if a pre-anesthesia clinic visit was necessary.Results: Among a sample of 193 patients, 36 (18.7%) were assessed as healthy and did not require an anaesthesiologist evaluation in the pre-anesthesia clinic.Conclusions: All elective orthopaedic surgery patients do not require a routine pre-anesthesia visit prior to their surgery. Pre-operative care should be tailored to the needs of each individual patient. This study demonstrates how an RN can improve the utilization of the pre-anesthesia clinic by using a validated screening tool and reduce the number of pre-anesthesia visits in the interests of individual patients and health services efficiency.


Abstract : The purpose of these briefing charts is to accelerate the create-apply-amplify lifecycle of SEI (Software Engineering Institute) practices within DoD acquisition programs; To conduct experiments with maturing SEI products ts and services in real-world acquirer contexts; To analyze the results and document the lessons learned; Lessons learned from these experiments will be widely disseminated through case studies, course modules, workshop content, SEI publications, DoD and professional society conferences, and technical literature.


Cabergoline is a potent dopamine agonist and a synthetic ergot derivative, and it acts by inhibiting prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland. It reduces the amount of plasma prolactin and inhibits progesterone secretion at the same time. Because of these effects, it has found a widespread area of use in the treatment of hyperprolactinemic disorders both in the human medicine and veterinary medicine.


We design a congestion control protocol that uses the existing IP ECN bits to achieve efficient and fair bandwidth allocations on high Bandwidth-Delay Product (BDP) paths while maintaining low persistent queue length and negligible packet loss rate. Our protocol uses load factor as a signal of congestion and makes use of a packet marking scheme to obtain high resolution congestion estimates. Our scheme reduces the Average Flow Completion Time (AFCT) by up to 70% when compared with VCP and by up to 45% when compared with TCP SACK+RED/ECN.


In recent years, undergraduate colleges and universities are increasing, and the construction work of first-class undergraduate majors has become the work content that colleges and universities pay special attention to. Based on the different types of majors set by each undergraduate institution and the nature of schooling, in the process of first-class majors construction work, each university needs to start from its own actual situation, adopt scientific means and methods, highlight its own advantages, cultivate more all-round professional application talents, and finally realize the reform of undergraduate institutions to first-class undergraduate institutions. At the same time, with the rapid development of the shipping industry, the demand for the ship electronic professional talents increases, and the professional ability of the talents is required to be higher. Thus, the marine electronic and electrical engineering professional education of undergraduate colleges and universities must rely on the actual talent demand of the shipping industry, and carry out the optimal design of practical teaching, so as to improve the relevance and efficiency of the cultivation of the ship electronic and electrical engineering professional talents.


The effect of Hf addition on the electrical performance and bias stability of ZnO-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) has been investigated. All channel layers were deposited by atomic layer deposition with various Hf contents. In addition, multilayer oxide channel TFTs consisting of two or three Hf-doped ZnO (HZO) and ZnO layers were developed for the realization of adequate channel mobility and electrical stability. The subthreshold swing and bias stability were improved by the deposition of the thin-HZO layers with amorphous phase as the first and final channel layers. The use of a conductive ZnO layer enhanced the device mobility. The oxide TFTs with a multilayer channel of a-HZO/ZnO/ a-HZO exhibited relatively good stability and mobility due to the reduced interface trap density between the channel and dielectric layers, and the suppressed adsorption of negatively charged oxygen on the back channel. The origin of the stability issues and novel channel design are proposed on the basis of the electrical performance of various TFT structures.


rterial hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of stroke, chronic heart failure, and end-stage renal disease. The prevalence of arterial hypertension in societies with a western lifestyle is ~15%. Within human populations, arterial pressure variability can be ascribed to familial and nonfamilial factors. About 60−70% of the familial aggregation of arterial pressure in humans is determined by genetic factors. Quantitative analyses of physiological systems involved in arterial pressure regulation revealed that isolated changes in total peripheral resistance and/or cardiac output are not sufficient to induce sustained hypertension unless the renal capacity to excrete electrolytes and fluid at a given arterial pressure level is compromised simultaneously (10). Increased renal retention of sodium and fluid causes arterial pressure to rise, which restores body sodium and fluid balance via the pressure natriuresis and diuresis mechanism (10). These findings, which were the results of animal experiments and mathematical modeling, contributed to direct attention to renal physiology and pathophysiology in the field of hypertension research.


A key comparison has been made between the absorbed dose to water standards of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany, and the BIPM, in accelerator photon beams. The results show the standards to be in agreement within the standard uncertainty of the comparison of 5.7 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).


INTRODUCTION
Tailored implementation interventions are required to overcome the diagnostic research-practice gap for cerebral palsy (CP). Evaluating the impact of interventions on patient outcomes is a priority. This review aimed to summarize the established evidence for the effectiveness of guideline implementations in lowering the age of CP diagnosis.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA. CINAHL, Embase, PubMed and MEDLINE were searched (2017-October 2022). Inclusion criteria were studies that evaluated effect of CP guideline interventions on health professional behaviour or patient outcomes. GRADE was used to determine quality. Studies were coded for use of theory (Theory Coding Scheme). Meta-analysis was performed and a standardized metric used to summarize statistics of intervention effect estimates.

EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Of (N.=249) records screened, (N.=7) studies met inclusion, comprising interventions following infants less than 2 years of age with CP risk factors (N.=6280). Guideline feasibility in clinical practice was established through health professional adherence and patient satisfaction. Efficacy of patient outcome of CP diagnosis by 12 months of age was established in all studies. Weighted averages were: (1) high-risk of CP (N.=2) 4.2 months and (2) CP diagnosis (N.=5) at 11.6 months. Meta-analysis of (N.=2) studies found a large, pooled effect size Z = 3.00 (P=0.003) favoring implementation interventions lowering age of diagnosis by 7.50 months, however study heterogeneity was high. A paucity of theoretical frameworks were identified in this review.

CONCLUSIONS
Multifaceted interventions to implement the early diagnosis of CP guideline are effective in improving patient outcomes by lowering the age of CP diagnosis in high-risk infant follow-up clinics. Further targeted health professional interventions including low-risk infant populations are warranted.


Introduction: Incisional hernia continues to be a common occurrence subsequent to major abdominal operations. The increasing use of laparoscopic techniques for an expanding array of abdominal operations may decrease the incidence of incisional hernias in the future; however at present, incisional ventral hernia repairs constitute a significant portion of the general surgical case-load. Traditional approaches to the repair of abdominal wall defects has centered primarily on the use of native host tissues (primary repair) or synthetic mesh material. For the vast majority of patients these approaches are sufficient to achieve the goal of repair. However, in some yet undefined subset(s) of patients, as has been demonstrated by clinical trials; primary repair without mesh leads to a high rate of recurrence and incisional hernia repairs employing synthetic mesh have a potential infection rate in the range of 10-30% in selected cohorts. It is for these groups of patients, in whom the operative field is contaminated or where synthetic mesh has become infected for whom biomaterial mesh repairs are indicated. It is the aim of the present work to describe the origins of biomaterial repairs and present the various materials available for these repairs.


We announce the forthcoming papers [4] and [5] in which we prove the existence and the uniqueness, find properties, asymptotic and regularity of the solution to diffusion‐wave phenomena. We give explicit solutions for 1, 2, …, n ‐term time fractional diffusion‐wave equations. For the distributed order equation and for the equation with n‐term time fractional derivatives, we prove that the first fundamental solution is always a probability density for x ∈ R. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Eucalyptus urophylla Blade MLA clone (MLA) was a difficult to root species. E. urophylla Blade U 6 clone (U 6) and E. ABL 12 W 5 clone (W 5) were relatively easy to root species. The activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in MLA was lower than that in U 6 and W 5. After the cuttings of Eucalyptus were treated with naphthylacetic acid (NAA), the activities of PPO increased regularly in different stages of rooting. The relationship between the oxidase and rooting of Eucalyptus cuttings was discussed.


Statement of Project. The purposes of this project were first, to study the multifaceted aspects and the importance of ASI (Association of Privately Owned Seventh-day Adventist Services and Industries) in the United States of America, and second, to develop an approach for the establishment of ASI chapters in the Tanzania Union Mission of Seventh-day Adventists. Method. To accomplish the above purposes, primary sources of information were consulted, such as a survey of ASI and other relevant literature including ASI audio and video tapes in order to discover the historical background and cultural setting of ASI. The development of the self-supporting movement of the Seventh-day Adventist church from 1904-1947 and the recent trends from 1947 to the present have been described using the primary sources and supplemented through interviews and discussions with ASI leaders. Furthermore, the contributions of ASI to the Seventh-day Adventist church in the areas of home and mission projects and denominational structure (the means of revival) have been investigated. The second part of this study outlines the national and church conditions that justify the establishment of ASI chapters in Tanzania. Study has been given to the ways ASI chapters in Tanzania could help the Global Mission of the Seventh-day Adventist church. Such areas include health projects, improvement of the Tanzania Seminary and College, creation of scholarship funds by businessmen, improving small farms, nutrition seminars, training of lay people in witnessing techniques, and developing appropriate social centers. Summary, conclusions, and recommendations complete the whole study. Expectations from the Project. The foremost expectation of this project was, is, and will be (1) the development of ASI chapters in Tanzania, (2) the involvement of more members in Global Mission projects and activities, giving Adventist lay people a sense of identify outside of their usual business associations and clubs, (3) increasing the public's awareness of the Seventh-day Adventist church, and (4) the development of another resource for the furthering of God's work in Tanzania. And last, but not least, this project has helped me to develop and refine my skills, making me a resource person to help with the development of ASI chapters in the Tanzania Union Mission.


The strength of volume holographic grating being uniform throughout material depth, the efficiency of such a grating as a function of angle or wavelength has several side-maxima with magnitude comparable to that of main maximum. The side-maxima can be the origin of noises and lack of selectivity of holographic optical elements and devices such as demultiplexers, filters, etc.


Clausal proofs have become a popular approach to validate the results of SAT solvers. However, validating clausal proofs in the most widely supported format (DRAT) is expensive even in highly optimized implementations. We present a new format, called LRAT, which extends the DRAT format with hints that facilitate a simple and fast validation algorithm. Checking validity of LRAT proofs can be implemented using trusted systems such as the languages supported by theorem provers. We demonstrate this by implementing two certified LRAT checkers, one in Coq and one in ACL2.


SUMMARY The primary aim of this double‐blind, parallel group trial was to compare incidence of newly occurring vasodilatory adverse events in elderly patients treated with recommended once‐daily doses of felodipine extended release (ER) or amlodipine. A total of 535 patients over 65 years old with a sitting diastolic blood pressure of 90‐115 mmHg and/or systolic blood pressure 160‐220 mmHg, were recruited at 46 centres worldwide. Patients were randomised to felodipine ER 2.5 mg or amlodipine 5 mg. If blood pressure was >160/90 mmHg after three or six weeks, felodipine ER was increased to 5 and 10 mg and amlodipine to 10 mg. After nine weeks, average doses of felodipine ER and amlodipine were 5.5 mg and 7.3 mg, respectively. Newly occurring vasodilatory adverse events were reported by 32% of felodipine ER patients and 43% of amlodipine patients (p=0.007). Both treatments effectively reduced blood pressure 24 hours post‐dose. Using a low starting dose and individual titration, felodipine ER achieves good control of blood pressure with few vasodilatory side‐effects.


The polymer industry raises a large number of relevant mathematical problems with respect to the quality of manufactured polymer parts. These include in particular questions about:-the production of the polymeric material from a monomer (based on the Ziegler-Natta catalytic process)-the crystallization kinetic of the polymer melt-the coupling of the crystallization process with the fluid dynamics of the manufacturing process such as extrusion, injection moulding of film blowing, etc.This book provides the first unified presentation of the mathematical modelling of polymerization, crystallization and extrusion of polymer melts, by means of advanced methods, presented in an accessible way for applied scientists and engineers. The present volume is the result of a long-term cooperation between different research teams in Europe within the ECMI Special Interest Group on "Polymers".... more on http://springer.com/978-3-540-43412-2


tionable attribution. What is more, many of the images — including the two portraits in question — were substantially altered by repainting. The date of the repainting is unknown, but it was most probably done to make the book more marketable. We cannot therefore be sure that the crowns worn by the two alleged "portraits" of Anne and Louis are original or not. Even though the author notes all of these problems, as well as the "narrative disconnections" between the Ovid's characters and the lives of Anne and Louis, she nonetheless proceeds to engage in an elaborate exegesis of the text and images as if the attribution of the manuscript to the royal household were firmly established. In fact, where there is no evidence, nothing can be said, and in this case the manuscript does not have enough connection to Anne or Louis, or indeed, enough demonstrably original artistic content, to qualify for inclusion. Ultimately, studies such as this one perform a useful service in drawing attention to works that are often overlooked in conventional overviews of manuscript sources. These manuscripts do not usually attract much scrutiny. Their textual content is often considered of limited historical and literary interest, while art historians tend to be drawn to the more spectacular and heavily illuminated devotional books. If this study often seems to construct the scaffolding of its argument largely from rhetorical questions, many of which cannot be answered given the state of the evidence, scholars interested in the history of the period and in questions related to the textual culture surrounding the French court will nonetheless find much of interest here. Anne-Marie Bouché Florida Gulf Coast University


Hepatitis C has been acknowledged as one of the global public health concerns owing to its universal distribution, high incidence, impaired quality of life, and associated life threatening complications, including death. The need to have an urgent public health response is further emphasized by the fact they tend to cast a major financial burden on the community. Considering the huge burden of the chronic infections, it is high time that the access to affordable testing and treatment is given due importance. However, as with any other program, the success of the program requires sustained financial support and simultaneous investments have to be done for innovations, including the development of vaccines. Further, efforts have to be taken to increase the awareness about the disease and mobilization of resources. In conclusion, in order to prevent and control the disease and to meet the proposed targets, the need of the hour is to foster linkage with all the stakeholders and scale up the screening, diagnosis, care and treatment services.


sister's illness. Vassar's architect had experience designing hospitals and asylums. But it must be remembered that men's colleges of an earlier date had also been housed in large single buildings, e.g., the College of New Jersey, later Princeton. Paradoxically, as Horowitz points out, the restrictive structures actually extracted women from a domestic atmosphere and re-oriented them towards an occupation outside the domestic environment for the first time in history. At the end of the century, some women's colleges also adopted the cottage system. They rejected the large, monolithic structures and, ironically, returned women to domestic environments (though ones that provided greater freedom than a young woman's actual home). This change, however, coincided with asylums also adopting the cottage plan as having more healing properties in treating the insane, something the author has not mentioned. And during this period, when living space and work place were being separated, the home itself was being praised as a special, sheltering space--particularly if built in a rural environment. The latter brings us to another point which emerges from Horowitz's material, which is the idea that the campus should be placed in close proximity to nature. Unfortunately, Horowitz does not develop this theme, though it seems to have been a distinctive trait of women's colleges and is part of a larger tendency in all colleges of the period. Finally, the buildings reflected some general ideals of the period. Wellesley, for instance, used the Gothic form because it supposedly allowed for a non-hierarchical organization. Bryn Mawr also adopted the Gothic under the stewardship of its president Carey Thomas, a Ruskinian--suggesting an ideological tie to the Arts and Crafts Movement. And the Gothic was certainly adopted first by men's colleges under the influence of the Arts and Crafts Movement. But women continued to be restricted within their campuses. Barnard's architect studied plans for European hospitals to resolve design plans. And while male faculty could live anywhere they chose, most women faculty were forced to live on campus. Before closing, we should compare Alma Mater with Paul Venable Turner's Campus. After all, both appeared at the same time and deal with the same topic--a coincidence all the more striking since the subject had not been treated at all earlier in this century. Turner's study is aimed at an architectural public (and, therefore, has excellent illustrations), but in its architectural approach it aims for an overview of the subject rather than an analysis of it. In general, though, it is complementary to Horowitz's work. Where the latter focuses on a carefully defined sub-group, the former covers a large time span and deals with general trends in the design of campus buildings. In essence, Turner gives us an overview of developments that prepares us for Horowitz's more detailed analysis of the relationship between building form and educational intent in a particular college. Alma Mater's attempt to break new ground deserves careful attention. We hope, however, that the editors will realize that a book of such merit requires the inclusion of building and site plans to support the valuable material within it. Diana Balmori is a Visiting Critic in the School of Architecture of Yale University and a partner in the firm of Cesar Pelli & Associates, 1506 Chapel Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.


A method to automatically identify pilot actions from cockpit camera footage was invented.Although they have long been considered for the enhancement of flight safety, cockpit image recorders have not yet been standard equipment in aircraft cockpits; however, the rules onFlight Data Recorder were changed to include a cockpit image recorder as one of the safety devices, and it is recommended to be installed in small aircraft as a substitute for a FlightData Recorder. With cockpit images becoming available, it would surely be useful for accident analysis as well as for daily flight analysis. Especially for the latter purpose, pilot behavior should be automatically analyzed and classified into specific actions, or procedures. The authors conducted a study to assess the feasibility of automatic detection of pilot actions in the cockpit by a machine learning process. The results show that even with a small amount of training data, the resulting algorithm could identify some typical actions, such as manipulation of the switches on the glare shield, with 80% accuracy. Even when one button is next to the other switch, 'pushing the switch' and 'Pushing the other button' were distinguished throughMachine-Learning. Furthermore, it is found that the accuracy is improved up to 90% in the case of using the training data focused on the pilot's body part rather than on the whole body.In this paper, we report those results.


We present new results based on an improved version of the Glauber model, used to describe the nuclear absorption of J/ψ in reactions between nuclei at high energy. The excitation of the colour degrees of freedom of nucleons, due to collisions mediated by one-gluon exchange, is taken into account. It is found that the proposed mechanism leads to larger nuclear absorption of J/ψ than previously considered. The origin of the anomalous behaviour of the J/ψ cross section measured in Pb+Pb collisions [1] is still not understood and competing interpretations have been proposed [2]. In order to resolve this important and controversial issue, more detailed calculations are demanded. Providing further insight in this difficult problem, preliminary results, obtained with a new formulation of the Glauber approach to the early stage of a nuclear collision, are hereby presented. Preparing the ground for the discussion, it is useful to recall the Glauber model expression for the cross section in a A+B collision at impact parameter ~b. Denoting a generic colour singlet cc̄ state by ψ, one has dσ ψ d2~b (~b) = σ ψ ∫ d~s dzA dzB ρA(zA, ~s) ρB(zB,~b− ~s) S(zA, zB,~b, ~s) , (1) where ρA and ρB are the densities of the colliding nuclei and S(zA, zB,~b, ~s)= exp [


The significance of context for pedagogic research is analyzed in the article, types of context are given. Sociocultural situation is understood as a bifurcation point of historic-cultural continuity. The system of professional education is characterized as a social institution. The conclusion of necessity to take into account historic-cultural continuity in pedagogic research is drawn.


This paper presents the correlation between socio-economic characteristics of the community around Ciliwung river basin with effort to reduce the concentration of household wastewater after treatment by using demonstration site station (DSS). Effects of socio-economic characteristics of the community which are categorized as internal and external factors that encompassed their decision in DSS application was tested by using logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the decision DSS adoption was affected by intrinsic factors such as the mothers' role on every family and knowledge of the benefits of 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) in waste management, as well as external factors such as key person leadership regarding household liquid waste management and availability of domestic waste processing installation. Moreover, water quality test after DSS treatment showed that declining concentration of tested parameters were among others: total phosphate (T-P), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), potential of hydrogen (pH), and oil and fat. Oil and fat parameter can be controlled through waste sorting, in DSS, while methylene blue active substances (MBAS) had no effect.


This paper firstly makes an introduction to turbulent debris flow(rare debris flow)destroying drainage canal, then simply summarizes the characteristics of the turbulent debris flow; thirdly deeply analyses drainage canal being done force from two directions:one is vertical to drainage canal wall, the other is equal to drainage canal wall, furthermore obains ten formulas. For this reason, designing basis for drainage canal is provided.


Until now, the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) treatment in epilepsy has consisted of two different modes: normal and magnet stimulation. A new vagus nerve stimulator model (106 AspireSR®, LivaNova, Houston, TX, USA) also allows automatic stimulation (AutoStim). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of autostimulation on seizure frequencies together with energy consumption.


Abstract This study aims to determine the role played by the personal networks of mothers aged 25–40 in Bamako (Mali) in their recourse to prenatal care. Although education and household's economic situation remain important, our research shows that personal network matters in two ways. Prenatal follow-up is more adequate in small, dense, less centralized networks, a structure known to generating a higher level of bonding social capital and mutual support. Yet, the composition of networks is also important: those comprising the husband and neighbors/friends—without other family members—are associated with better prenatal care. In these more open networks, women are probably less subject to traditional social control. An unexpected outcome is that material support does not play a significative role; this may indicate that more specific measures are needed to identify the type of support useful, or that, in this context, normative aspects are more important.


The design requirement for ground mounted sign structures are fairly well defined in the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries, and Traffic Signals and consists of applying an equivalent pseudo-dynamic loading to account for the dynamic effects of wind loads and ignores the dynamic effect due to moving vehicle loads. This design approach, however, should not be applied to the design of bridge mounted sign structures because ignoring the dynamic effects of the moving vehicle loads may produce non-conservative results, since the stiffness of the bridge structure can greatly influence the behavior. Not enough information is available in the literatures which provide guide lines to include the influence of moving vehicles in the design of the bridge mounted sign structures. This paper describes a theoretical methodology, Bridge-Vehicle Interaction Element, which can be utilized to account for the dynamic effect of moving vehicles. A case study is also included where this methodology was successfully applied. It was concluded that the bridge-vehicle interaction finite element developed can provide a more accurate representation of the behavior of bridge mounted sign structures. The result of these analysis enabled development of simple and effective retrofitting scheme for the existing support system of bridge-mounted-structure.


The availability of room-temperature continuous-wave tunable narrow band coherent light sources emitting in the mid-infrared region is greatly valuable for trace gas sensing techniques. Nonlinear optical difference-frequency generation(DFG) scheme was a useful way to meet the requirement and good complementarities for traditional laser technology. A widely tunable room-temperature mid-infrared spectrometer was reported and the instrument was based on the quasi-phase-matched DFG of two near-infrared diode lasers in multigrating periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal. The mid-infrared coherent radiation was produced from 3.2 to 3.7μm with a maximum output power of about 1μW. The generated mid-infrared coherent radiation was applied to high-resolution detection of CH4 in the fundamental band, which showed the great promising of the instrument used in sensitive, high-resolution and fast response measurements of trace gas in the mid-infrared region.


The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for creating a three-dimensional animation of a packing box by creating a three-dimensional animation for vividly showing a structure and a shape of a packaging box from a two-dimensional developed view of the packaging box, so that the method and the apparatus are easy to use even for users who do not have the professional design ability to create a three-dimensional design of the packaging box. The present invention includes: a first step of generating a two-dimensional developed view of the packaging box by defining a shape and a size of the expanded box using a plurality of line segments; a second step of analyzing the two-dimensional developed view of the packaging box generated in the first step to select basic surfaces, and then storing an animation file including an insertion position, a folding direction, a folding angle, and a timing of a virtual rotation axis that may be inserted between the selected basic surfaces; and a third step of loading the animation file stored by the second step and sequentially folding the packaging box according to a folding order of the parts of the opened three-dimensional box.


Breast milk is the only food that is best for babies, because it has the most complete nutritional composition, exclusive breastfeeding is highly recommended. Exclusive breastfeeding is breastfeeding for 6 months without other additional food from birth until the baby is 6 months old. Many factors affect exclusive breastfeeding, one of which is the mother's characteristics, such as age, education, occupation and knowledge of the mother. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months in Kamal Village, West Seram Regency. Methods This research uses descriptive research using a cross sectional design. Sampling with total sampling method. The data were analyzed by using the chi square test. The results showed that the mother's characteristics consisting of age, education and mother's knowledge were not related to exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months in Kamal Village with a value of > 0.05. Occupational variables related to exclusive breastfeeding with p value = 0.020 < 0.05. The conclusion is that the mother's age, education and knowledge are not related, while work is related to exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months in Kamal Village. Suggestions to health workers to increase mother's knowledge about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding through counseling.Keywords: age, education, occupation, knowledge, exclusive breastfeeding


It is a commonplace among historians of the First World War that during this period Britain and America changed positions as dorninant and subordinate financial powers. The great gap in the histories, however, has been any description of how this came about, Historians of the period have generally relied on one book, E. V. Morgan's Studies in Brtish financial policy 1914–1925 (1952), with the occasional use of Henry F. Grady's British war finance, 1914–1919 (1923). Both are very useful, and within its field Morgan in particular will be difficult to supplant; but within the context of Anglo-American relations they only treat one side of the stroy. It is clear that during the war Britain was dependent increasingly on American finance, private and later public, both to supply her civilian and military populations and to fight the war; and further, that by late 1916 decisions taken in America could have a direct bearing on British ability to finance her own operations. Once America entered the war this influence became even more direct. Negotiations over finance largely took place in America, by means of temporary and permanent missions. This article will describe the most important of these missions, and trace the gradual change in the balance of British and American financial power.


In this paper,a edge detection algorithm of gray image is presented based on wavelet transform and SUSAN operator.Firstly,the image which will be detected will be decomposed with multi-scale wavelet,and the high frequency part are obtained.Secondly,through dealing with the high frequency detail information of image,we will get the image border information.The experiment result can certificate that our method is good and have the very strong pragmatism.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a progressive decline in 31 lung function, caused by exposure to exogenous particles, mainly cigarette smoke (CS). 32 COPD is initiated and perpetuated by an abnormal CS-induced inflammatory response of the 33 lungs, involving both innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, B cells organized in iBALT 34 structures and macrophages accumulate in the lungs and contribute to CS-induced 35 emphysema, but the mechanisms thereof remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that B cell- 36 deficient mice are significantly protected against CS-induced emphysema. Chronic CS 37 exposure led to an increased size and number of iBALT structures, and increased lung 38 compliance and mean linear chord length in WT, but not B cell-deficient mice. The increased 39 accumulation of lung resident macrophages around iBALT and in emphysematous alveolar 40 areas in CS-exposed WT mice coincided with upregulated MMP12 expression. In vitro co- 41 culture experiments using B cells and macrophages demonstrated that B cell-derived IL-10 42 drives macrophage activation and MMP12 upregulation, which could be inhibited by an anti- 43 IL10 antibody. In summary, B cell function in iBALT formation seems necessary for 44 macrophage activation and tissue destruction in CS-induced emphysema, and possibly 45 provides a new target for therapeutic intervention in COPD. This points to a primary for and derived factors changes in COPD. Therefore, we monitored the development of COPD in wildtype (WT) and B cell-deficient knockout mice exposed to CS. We characterized structural and functional changes, iBALT formation and the inflammatory response occurring in lung tissue. Interestingly, we identified B cell-derived IL-10 as one of the possible key regulators of MMP12 production in macrophages. Thus, the responsiveness of B cells to CS induces iBALT formation in the lung thereby leading to accumulation and activation of matrix- degrading macrophages. This finding could lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of COPD patients.


In making this final project, the Android remote control is made to control the hexapod robot so that it can be controlled amnually and can be easier to control the hexapod robot. The distance control used is an Android type smart phone which is the tablet or smart phone, there are 4 buttons in controlling the hexapod robot that moves forward, backward, trun left and turn right. The hexapod robot which has six leg consist of 18 MG-90s servo, the microcontroller used is Atmega 328 which functions to upload programs in the form of language code c#. Bluetooth used is type HC-05 which functions as a wireless network, then Bluetooth HC-05 will be contacted via Bluetooth on an Android smart phone device.


This paper proposes a new flaw detection method based on EMD and PSD with application to high speed train's rail. The signals in different scenarios are generated by utilizing the finite element model. In this paper, the empirical mode decomposition method is used to decompose the investigated signals into intrinsic mode functions and the flaw features are extracted by utilizing power spectral density. By comparing the relationship between signals with and without flaw in power spectral density, the decision-making criterion for the existence and position of the flaw is founded. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) are antibiotic‐resistant organisms associated with both colonization and serious life‐threatening infection in health care settings. Contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) with Enterococcus can result in transfusion‐transmitted infection.


A new type of tool holder was designed.It has a high flexible conical surface which consists of several independent cones.The static performance and the performance in high speed are analyzed by means of finite element software.Specific research includes the contact pressure distribution on the cone and on the end surface of tool holder as well as the swell increment of spindle.The research results show that the tool holder has higher limit rotate speed than HSK tool holder used commonly at present,and it has high positioning accuracy and high connecting stiffness.This new type of tool holder is specially suitable for high speed machining.


for the induction of spawning in this species. After 19 and 20 days, a remarkable prolapse of the right oviduct occurred in two females which had not yet ovulated. It is conceivable that the oviducal prolapse was caused directly by the acceleration of oviducal movement. As one of the predispositions to oviducal prolapse, the peculiarity of the nature of the egg sac in this species may be considered.


X iv :0 70 4. 23 31 v1 [ m at h. A G ] 1 8 A pr 2 00 7 SYMMETRIES IN THE SYSTEM OF TYPE D (1) 4 YUSUKE SASANO Abstract. In this paper, we propose a 4-parameter family of coupled Painlevé III systems in dimension four with affine Weyl group symmetry of type D (1) 4 . We also propose its symmetric form in which the D (1) 4 -symmetries become clearly visible. 0. Statement of main results In [9, 10, 11], we presented some types of coupled Painlevé systems with various affine Weyl group symmetries. In this paper, we present a 4-parameter family of coupled Painlevé III systems with affine Weyl group symmetry of type D (1) 4 . Since these universal Bäcklund transformations have Lie theoretic origin, similarity reduction of a Drinfeld-Sokolov hierarchy admits such a Bäcklund symmetry. The aim of this paper is to introduce the system of type D (1) 4 . After our discovery of this system, they were studied from the viewpoint of Drinfeld-Sokolov hierarchy by K. Fuji independently (cf. [1]), and he succeeded to obtain our system by similarity reduction of the Drinfeld-Sokolov hierarchy of type D (1) 4 . At first, we propose a 4-parameter family of autonomous ordinary differential systems with the invariant divisors fi as variables:


The purpose of this simple note is to provide elementary model-theoretic proofs to some existing results on sumset phenomena and IP sets, motivated by Hrushovski's work on the stabilizer theorem.


Forecasting is an important part of making plans and making decisions that can predict future events. Forecasting techniques in this study used multiple linear regression. This study aims to predict the number of cases of child nutritional status in children in each region. The purpose of this study was to see the results of predicting the number of children's nutritional status in each region and to make it easier to predict children's nutrition. The research method includes the analysis of the system built and the design of machine learning applications using the Multiple Linear Regression method. Then the system built can help predict the nutritional status of children in Aceh quickly, precisely, and accurately. The data used is data on the nutritional status of children in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Based on the results of forecasting for 2021 based on data obtained in previous years, the predicted results of total nutritional status in 2021 are 449,0912126. The results of this study indicate that the linear regression method obtains the best model results by being able to predict the implementation of machine learning.


The only framework necessarily characterizing divine action is the holiness framework, on which divine action responds appropriately to God's own perfection by being motivated to keep what is deficient, defective, and in any way limited at a distance from God. Such a framework makes intelligible our response to God as holy and fits well within our ordinary practical thought about ways in which some actions, things, and relationships can be beneath one. It can also be situated in any theory of reasons for action that has a place for expressive reasons, and is extremely useful in offering an interpretation of divine action in Scripture. The appeal to the holiness framework as the only necessary framework for divine action does not entail that God does not act on reasons of love for creatures; rather, it entails only that God acts on such reasons contingently, if at all.


The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory states that only a small percentage of cancer cells have the characteristics to self-renew, proliferate, differentiate and most importantly, initiate tumours. This small sub-population is able to maintain and replenish the bulk of tumours and has therefore emerged as an important therapeutic target. Up to date, putative CSCs can be identified by surface markers such as CD133, CD44+CD24- or the side population (SP) phenotype resulting from the efflux of the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 (Ho342) and detected by flow cytometric analysis. In this review, evidence and some characteristics of this distinct entity of SP cells which can initiate and maintain tumour cells in various cancers will be introduced and discussed in detail. Overall, our understanding of the essential properties of putative CSCs offers a gateway to understand the basic cell biology of these cells, which may culminate and translate clinically into the development of novel and more efficient cancer treatments that target the root problem of the neoplastic clone.


This report constitutes a preliminary de nition of a new high level program ming language called ADL It uses the mathematical concept of structure algebras as its unit of modularity When algebras are used to specify pro grams control structure is xed rst and data structure or representations second There is no explicit recursion or iteration construct in ADL Control is determined by combinators applied to inductively de ned algebras An intended use of ADL is to provide computational semantics of specialized software design languages An algebra in ADL can be interpreted in various monads a particular variety of algebras that has been found useful in programming ADL also makes use of coalgebras a concept dual to that of algebras With coalgebras iterative control structures typical of search algorithms can be speci ed There is a strong notion of type in ADL guaranteeing that all well typed programs terminate This allows us to use sets as ADL s semantic domain and to provide ADL with an equational logic However to check the type correctness of an expression there can be proof obligations that cannot be discharged mechanically A bene t of the equational logic is that an ADL program is amenable to transformation based upon the equational theories of its algebras Transformations are not discussed in this report however Algebraic Design Language Preliminary de nition Richard B Kieburtz and Je rey Lewis Paci c Software Research Center Oregon Graduate Institute of Science Technology P O Box Portland OR USA


Neither stroke volume nor external cardiac work (the integral of pressure times flow during ejection) has been considered an important correlate of myocardial oxygen consumption. An initial set of experiments re-examined this question by independently varying heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and stroke volume in seven closed-chest, anesthetized dogs. This was achieved by cardiac pacing, a pressure control reservoir, phenylephrine infusion, and adjustment of arteriovenous shunts. Propranolol was used to minimize changes in contractility which might affect myocardial oxygen consumption. Stroke volume in the form of external work had a significant effect on oxygen consumption. From these results, a new pressure-work index of myocardial oxygen consumption was devised, and fitting parameters for the following indexes were determined: systolic pressure-rate product, estimated wall tension, external left ventricular work, triple product, mean pressure-rate product, Et(Bretschneider), and tension-time index. These indexes were prospectively applied to a second set of experiments in 11 closed-chest, anesthetized dogs given norepinephrine, isoproterenol, dobutamine, Nembutal, and propranolol to alter myocardial contractility. Inotropic oxygen wasting was observed with the tension-time, mean pressure-rate, triple product, and estimated wall tension indexes, but not with the pressure-work or systolic pressure-rate indexes. It is concluded that stroke work is an important correlate of myocardial oxygen consumption, and that the pressure-work or systolic pressure-rate indexes can account for catecholamine-induced changes in myocardial oxygen consumption without postulating an oxygen-wasting effect.


What's your poison? Hydrogenases catalyze the reversible formation of dihydrogen from two electrons and two protons. The maturation of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase active-site cofactor (H cluster) requires three gene products, HydE, HydF, and HydG. Cyanide has been characterized as one of the products of tyrosine cleavage by the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent enzyme HydG, clarifying its role in H-cluster biosynthesis. DOA=deoxyadenosine.


The study aims to investigate the organizational commitment levels of the teachers that work in primary schools regarding different variables. In the context of this aim, the answers to the question below were investigated; do the ideas of primary school teachers about organizational commitment show a meaningful difference according to the variables below: according to gender, according to marital status, according to years spent at the job, according to age, according to their subject matter, according to employment status? The universe of the study was made up of teachers in the 6 central primary schools in the Şirnak/Idil district and primary schools of its 66 neighboring villages in 2008-2009 educational year. The results in the light of the findings of the study are as follows: There were no meaningful differences between gender and affective (willing), continuance (due to necessity) and normative (due to obligation) commitment teachers expressed.  The perceptions of teachers related to affective, normative and continuance commitment had no relation to their marital status. Although years of experiences of teaching indicated a meaningful difference in the affective commitment felt by the teachers, it did not show any meaningful differences on continuance and normative commitment dimensions. EXTENDED ABSTRACT Introduction: In the school organization, the teachers who feel committed to their institutions strongly believe in the mission and vision of their school and willingly follow the orders and expectations. They also exert more effort than the minimum requirements in order to implement the mission of the school and show determination in staying among the staff. Organizational commitment is the most important element that holds the school organization intact and that can further the institution in its efforts to establish an effective organization. When teachers feel an earnest and ethical commitment to being a member of their schools and see themselves as a part of the school while accepting the school as a part of them, they will be more ambitious in continuing this membership and staying in the staff (Aydin, 1993). It will also decrease the occurrence of unforeseen and unexpected situations in the organizations. The decrease in the number of unexpected situations as a result of organizational commitment stands out as an important element in securing the effective running of the school and its continuance. The Aim of the Research: The study aims to investigate the organizational commitment levels of the teachers that work in primary schools regarding different variables. In the context of this aim, the answers to the question below were investigated; 1.    Do the ideas of primary school teachers about organizational commitment show a meaningful difference according to the variables below: a.    according to gender b.    according to marital status c.    according to years spent at the job d.    according to age e.    according to their subject matter f.    according to employment status Methodology: Survey model was used in the study to investigate the levels of primary school teachers' perceptions on organizational commitment. Survey model is a research approach that aims to describe and identify a past or existing situation as it appears ( Karasar, 2000). The universe of the study was made up of teachers in the 6 central primary schools in the Şirnak/Idil district and primary schools of its 66 neighboring villages in 2008-2009 educational year. The universe consists of 710 teachers. These 710 teachers were given questionnaires but only 463 of them had been returned. Due to the problems in the area during the period of the study, the teachers in the distant villages were contacted via postal mail and because of this reason; some of the questionnaires were not received back. The personal characteristics of the teachers that participated in the study can be seen below: 49.7% of the teachers that participated in the study were males and 50.3% were females. When the age brackets of the participants were examined it was seen that 90.9% was in the 21-30 age bracket and 9.1% was in the 31-40 age bracket. The marital status of the participants showed that 66.3% was married whereas 33.7% was single. According to employment status, 47.1% of the teachers were in permanent staff while 32.8% worked on a contractual basis. 5.8% of the teachers were teaching assistants and 14.3% worked on pay-per-hour basis. 92.4% of the participating teachers had seniority of 1-5 years and 7.6% of the teachers had seniority of 6-10 years. 55.3% of the participating teachers were classroom teachers whereas 44.7% taught various subjects. 89.0% of the participants had associate degrees, 8.9% had two-year degrees and 2.2% had graduate degrees. The assessment tool used in the study consisted of two parts. The first part is the personal information form that was developed in order to collect information about the participants. The form includes 7 items that cover the gender, age, marital status, status of employment (permanent staff, contractual basis, teaching assistant- contracted), seniority, teaching field and level of education of the individual participant. Second part includes questions. 'The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire: OCQ' which was developed by Meyer and Allen (1984) and adopted to Turkish by Boylu, Pelit and Gucer (2007) was utilized in order to assess the teacher perceptions related to organizational commitment. The organizational commitment scale of Meyer and Allen was designed according to 5-point Likert system. The grading of the expressions in this scale is: 1.  Strongly disagree,  2. Disagree, 3.  Neither agree nor disagree, 4.  Agree and    5.Strongly agree. The organizational commitment scale consists of 17 questions. The first 6 questions aim to assess the affective commitment of the teachers, questions 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 aim to assess continuance commitment felt by the teachers and questions 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 are oriented towards assessing the normative commitment of the teachers. The research undertaken by Boylu, Pelit and Gucer (2007) showed that the scale in general had Cronbach Alpha 0,85 as reliability co-efficient. This study sets this value as Cronbach Alpha 0.77. The data gathered in the context of the research was analyzed by utilizing SPSS package program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA were used in the analysis of the data. Post Hoc analysis was used to determine the source of the difference between the participants when there are differences. Conclusion: The results in the light of the findings of the study are as follows: There were no meaningful differences between gender and affective (willing), continuance (due to necessity) and normative (due to obligation) commitment teachers expressed.  The perceptions of teachers related to affective, normative and continuance commitment had no relation to their marital status. Although years of experiences of teaching indicated a meaningful difference in the affective commitment felt by the teachers, it did not show any meaningful differences on continuance and normative commitment dimensions. Although age variable created a meaningful difference on affective and normative commitment, it did not affect the continuance commitment dimension. According to the findings of the study, there were no meaningful differences on affective and normative commitment levels between the ideas of classroom teachers and teachers that taught other subjects. It was seen that affective and normative commitment levels of branch teachers were higher than those of classroom teachers. There were no meaningful differences on the level of continuance commitment. There was a statistically meaningful difference between the employment status of the teachers and their ideas related to affective, continuance and normative commitment. The teachers who worked on pay-per-hour basis were found to display a higher level of affective commitment compared to the teachers on permanent staff and assistant teachers. The assistant teachers were found to display higher levels of continuance commitment compared to teachers on permanent staff and teachers who worked on a contractual basis. Teachers on permanent staff were seen to display a higher level of normative commitment compared to teachers who worked on a contractual basis.


Spatial ability has been considered as an essential of product sketch, which helps designer visualize their initial concept. 3D model, especially by virtual reality, has been used for students to observe the details of the every prospect that they can comprehend the visual appearance by all viewinProduct design students usually experience the difficulties creating product shapes that look uncommon. Spatial ability is considered as an essential of product sketch, which helps designer visualize their initial concept. This research applied model making and traditional sketch teaching method to two first year industrial design sketch classes. We assessed the changes of spatial ability and drawing creativity to investigate whether spatial ability is improved together with sketch creativity. The results show that the students generally improved their spatial ability and draw better in fluency and correctness. Drawing creativity is also improved but has no significant relation to spatial ability. Two classes have developed different approaches in drawing objects from imagination and may be applied in 3D engineering drawing software design in the future.g angle. On the other hand, imagination of spatial rotation is also a common way to encourage student to construct unseen prospects through reasoning the observable features. Through a practice of these two types of sketch training, this research is to clarify whether the improvement of sketch skill is by/with increased spatial ability and which type of training is better for improving sketch skill. Two product sketch classes were invited to use different curriculum, real modelling experience and unseen viewing angle imagination. Spatial ability and creative sketch tests were conducted before and after the curriculum. As the results, spatial ability does not necessarily link to creative sketch Students of both classes improve their performance in creating shapes in which class B improves more than class A. Conference Key Areas: Curriculum Development, I feel brilliant


Southern hemisphere circulation patterns and associated anomalies for the austral autumn 2015 are reviewed, with an emphasis on Pacific Basin climate indicators and Australian rainfall and temperatures. Autumn 2015 saw the development of El Niño, following a near-miss El Niño in 2014 that never quite met the thresholds needed to declare an event. Australia as a whole received about 20 per cent less rainfall than average for autumn, but tropical cyclone activity contributed to above average rainfall in western parts of Western Australia. Above average rainfall was also seen in some areas in the southern half of the country, while the north was drier than usual. The southwestern half of the continent experienced cooler than normal days, but in the northeastern half of Australia maximum temperatures were above average. A prolonged warm spell affected large parts of Australia during May.


This study examines the policies and consequent shortages of the British colonies in India. India is a country that began to get poorer from the day it became a British colony. As a result of the colonial policies of the British in India, the resources of the country were rapidly transferred to the West. Indians were also forced to live under heavy taxes. In India, an agricultural country, people were forced to cultivate products of industrial value, which could be exported by the British instead of traditional agricultural products. As a result of the destruction of India's social and economic structure, millions of people were unable to find food. The railways and irrigation canals that the British built for the development of India were actually the projects that they did to generatemore income from the country. These projects were aimed at moving more products from India to the Britain and Europe. People who did not want to lose their land and to pay heavy taxes, produced the products that the British wanted. As a result of the drought triggered by the lack of monsoon rains, the public became unable to find anything to eat. Thus, millions of Indians lost their lives due to starvation and the resulting infectious diseases. The British gave the impression that they were helping the Indians, but in reality they did nothing. The people, who lost the ability to act together, experienced incredible suffering throughout the colonial period.


In his Faunal Connections between Europe and North America (1957), a landmark study of ecological introductions from Europe to North America that prefigured Alfred Crosby's Columbian Exchange by three decades, Carl Lindroth sought to explain the distribution of fauna and particularly insects across the North Atlantic. It was the culmination of a multi-year investigation begun in 1949 that had seen the Swedish ecologist and entomologist collect insects in Newfoundland, compare his findings with other North American and European regions, and trace the origins of introduced insects to various sites in southwestern England. Through this work, he identified the ballast of sailing ships as a primary vector of insect introduction to the Americas, argued for the importance of recurring introductions of breeding pairs in successful colonization, and demonstrated the importance of examining a broad range of species introductions, not just those that directly mattered to human history. Conceived and executed in the context of the Cold War, Lindroth's project benefited from governmental and institutional support that sought to promote transatlantic scientific cooperation and northern research. His path to researching and writing Faunal Connections reveals both the influence of geopolitics in shaping environmental ideas and the capacity for scientists to benefit from strategic funding opportunities while contributing little of strategic value. Lindroth's work deserves reexamination, both for its substance and for what it can tell us about the ideas behind foundational texts like The Columbian Exchange and, indeed, the making of ideas about global ecological change.


The invention discloses a floating lighthouse type natural-vibration-frequency-adjustable wave-energy directly-driven power generation device, which is characterized in that two supporting points at the lower end of a portal frame are connected to an oscillating buoy, a portal is connected with the upper end of a flexible connector, the lower end of the flexible connector is connected to the upper end of a connecting shaft, and the lower end of the connecting shaft is connected to the upper end of a generator rotor; the oscillating buoy is movably sleeved on the periphery of a straight cylindrical pipe, the lower end of the straight cylindrical pipe is rigidly connected with a horizontal damping cylinder, and a horizontal damping cylinder water-pipe is connected below the horizontal damping cylinder; a generator stator and a gravity recovery hammer are arranged in the straight cylindrical pipe, and the gravity recovery hammer is connected with the generator rotor; the bottom of the oscillating buoy is provided with an oscillating buoy water-pipe; an additional floating cylinder is sleeved on the straight cylindrical pipe between the oscillating buoy and the horizontal damping cylinder water-pipe; a longitudinal damping plate formed by crossing two plates is connected to the bottom of the horizontal damping cylinder, and the surface of the longitudinal damping plate is vertical to the bottom surface of the horizontal damping cylinder; an anchor chain is connected to the horizontal damping cylinder; and parts (corresponding to the upper and lower upper limit positions of the oscillating buoy) of the straight cylindrical pipe are respectively provided with upper and lower limited blocks of a buffer.


The GaN MOS-HFET we have proposed could significantly reduce the maximum electric field of the MOS gate to 1/3 when the high reverse bias is applied. With this effect, High Temperature Reverse Bias (HTRB) characteristics were greatly improved compared with a conventional MOS-HFET. The device with saturation current exceeding 60 A are fabricated and good switching characteristics are also reported in the paper.


The skull of a dwarf horte, deposited in tbe collection of recent mammals of the Stovall Museum of Science and History at the University of Oklahoma. is striking in itS development of an enlarged. bulbous cranium (Fig. I). The specimen, OU 3818. it that of a female horte collected in Peru and donated to the museum by the Oklahoma City Zoo. Although it would be conjectural to comment upon the cause of dwarfism and its relationship to this cranial development. rhe bulbous formation and the placement of the parietal crests is noteworthy.


On January 11, 2002, H.R. 2869, the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act (the Act or Revitalization Act) was signed into law. This Act, which amends portions of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) seeks to promote the redevelopment of brownfield sites through federal funding and certain federal liability relief. Brownfields are parcels of real property that were once used for industrial or commercial use, the redevelopment of which is now complicated by hazardous waste contamination and constrained by associated uncertainty and liability. With a focus on the liability relief that the Act provides to prospective purchasers of brownfields, this paper explores remaining liabilities under state and federal laws and, in doing so, determines that remaining broad liability and a lack of finality will limit the success of the prospective purchaser's liability limitations under the Act in furthering the redevelopment of brownfields. Three critical components for a successful brownfields revitalization effort are highlighted, and a three-part solution is proposed.


Conductivities of fused PbBr2+KBr mixtures, containing up to c. 90 mole % KBr, have been determined as a function of temperature. The data are represented well by quadratic functions of temperature, and the best- fit parameters of the quadratic functions are reported for each mixture. The conductivity data vary isothermally with composition in a different manner than do the literature data for this system. However, the isotherms are very similar to these obtained previously for PbCl2 + KCl mixtures. Interpretations of physicochemical properties of PbBr2+KBr mixtures are reviewed briefly, and a close parallel between structural models applicable to PbBr2 + KBr and PbCl2 + KCl melts containing up to 50 mole % KBr or KCl is suggested.


Construction industry is one of the most hazardous industries. Accidents may occur during construction which results in serious injuries and death to employees and also may cause severe damage to equipment. Hence it is important to prevent or minimize accidents in the construction site. Safety during construction is very important for each employee. This project deals with job site safety analysis in construction site by identifying the causes for accidents and implementing solutions for preventing the accident in the construction industry. From the literatures it was studied that statistical analysis is better way to analyse the construction jobsite safety and important factors that are affecting the safety in construction is identified from the literatures. Questionnaire regarding the factors affecting safety in construction site is also prepared. Then primary data should be collected from the various construction companies and secondary data should be collected from their clients. Then the data's are ranked by two different techniques, primary data was ranked by using Relative important index method and secondary data was ranked by the Garrett's ranking technique. Then the companies which are following safe safety procedures should be found out using Statistical analysis. This data is analysed in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software and the major factors which affect safety in construction should found out through comparison of primary and secondary data by paired sample t-test. With this approach, it is possible to evaluate the uncertainty regarding safety in construction.


Erwin Chemerinsky maintains that President George W. Bush took a historic opportunity to fill Supreme Court justice vacancies with ideologically right-of-center nominees. He explains that these justices will force the court to write opinions that break new ground in judicial activism. The areas that will be open to new adjudication include abortion rights, access to the courts, affirmative action, and presidential war powers. He describes the critical cases in each of these fields and the key points of contention. Professor Chemerinsky concludes that the incoming president may be able to offset the appointments of Justices Alito and Roberts with more centrist or center-left appointments if seats become open. John Yoo argues that presidents have historically resisted Supreme Court decisions especially strong presidents such as Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Reagan changed this calculus by politicizing the courts further through the appointment of ideological allies. He maintains that the second Bush administration has not transcended constitutional limits in its actions. He supports his case by arguing that previous presidents have taken exceptional actions in times of war and that the "war on terror†has given the administration a mandate for its policies. He concludes that Bush administration is in much more conflict with the Congress than with the Court. The accompanying audio files provide the complete recording of the two talks.


The perturbations detected in the registration of the Z component due to the proximity of electric attraction are studied. The method for the elimination of these perturbations is described. This method, based on the correlation between the amplitude difference of the perturbations and the distance between the observation post and the track, makes it possible to compensate in the immediate vicinity of the recording magnet about 90% of the artificial fields due to the attraction with the least deformation of the course of the natural variations of this component. There is a description of the compcnsation apparatus used and the method of scanning the compensated magnetograms. (tr- auth)


Propagation of the stress wave in a proximal interphalangeal joint during compressive impact loading was analyzed by the dynamic finite element method. The explicit method was used in the analysis and the distribution of stress at each step of the time was evaluated. The maximum principal stress is nearly equal to the minimum one in the articular cartilage and therefore the equivalent stress is very small. The equivalent stress and the principal stress fluctuate with the time in the subchondral bone of the middle phalanx. The concentration of stress is observed there and the maximum principal stress is positive, i.e., tension. The impulsive stress is absorbed when the stress wave travels through the articular cartilage. The relation between the equivalent stress and the impact velocity is dependent on the time and the stress is linearly related to the velocity in a short time after the impact.