Emerging infectious diseases represent an ongoing threat to the health and livelihoods of people globally. Over the past decade, numerous infectious diseases have shown up in the United States including SARS in 2003, H1N1 or 'swine flu' in 2009, and now, the Ebola virus. Isolation of a patient is essentially an escalation of the core healthcare process. Best practice demands that isolation rooms be provided where care for the underlying medical condition is optimal. As uncontroversial as infection control may seem, the infrastructure required (such as washbasins and isolation rooms) is often lacking in hospitals. And if isolation rooms are available, proper maintenance of pressure gradients is an issue. In normal circumstances no purpose is served by routine cleaning of ventilation ducts. During replacement, dust is shed from old filters. All extract grilles and some types of supply grilles accumulate dust. These represent an infection risk. The dust reflects the air-borne flora at the time of deposition with organism death taking place at a rate determined by microbial, environmental and other factors. It is vital that regular monitoring and maintenance of the ventilation system is in place. The physical design of a hospital is an essential component of its infection control measures to minimize the risk of transmission of any infectious disease. Today, with a more progressive outlook, it is the fundamental requirement to adopt a holistic view of the design and management of hospitals. This document will not only help in making strategy for planning or renovating an isolation room and also helps in cleaning or maintenance of ventilation.


The religious attitudes of 227 junior and senior students at a Catholic girls high school are examined. Students who expressed a belief in astrology did not report religious attitudes which differed significantly from the other students. Those who expressed belief in reincarnation manifested only slight differences in attitudes. Students expressing a belief in astrology were. more likely to express a belief in reincarnation. These results were held to be inconsistent with cognitive theories which stress the importance of attitude consistency. The author presents a functional perspective. Although these attitudes are structurally incompatible with each other, they serve similar functions for some adolescent girls: the provision of security in the face of confusion and uncertainty.


An experimental study on the engineering properties of OPS hybrid concrete for precast floor slab was conducted. Conventional crushed stone as partial replacement of OPS was employed. Three conditions of curing to simulate the laboratory curing condition, practical curing condition, and without curing are applied. The slump, demoulded density, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were determined. OPS concrete with 30% crushed stone as coarse aggregate fulfilled the minimum strength requirement for lifting/transportation and at service. Since the air dry density of this concrete is 2000 kg/m(3), it can be accepted as lightweight concrete. Hence, OPS hybrid concrete with crushed stones can be used to manufacture lightweight precast floor slab. The results of this ongoing research on the potential use of OPS concrete for lightweight precast floor slabs are reported.


In view of the all-sided data of the road traffic accidents relative gene offered,a grey relationship analysis BP neural network combined forecast model is constructed.At last we use those forecasting models that we put forward to forecast the road traffic accidents according to the statistics in the last few years.The result show that the grey relationship analysis BP neural network model give a full play to grey relational analysis,so using the grey relational analysis method to select the relational gene is reasonable and feasible.The grey relationship analysis BP neural network combined forecast model can take full advantage of every single model and avoid its disadvantage and the result of prediction is better and higher precision than that single model to draw.


Argues that although flexible working is becoming increasingly common, training departments are not creatively adapting their strategies. Provides a framework within which to redefine the role of flexible trainers in more opportunistic, value‐added directions. Suggests the need to recognise non‐permanent professional trainers as a distinct group from permanent staff. Analyses attitudes of six English as a second language (ESL) peripheral practitioners, who typify one coherent group of the free agent training sector. Indicates concept of flexibility was viewed positively but lacked adequate support from employing organizations. Proposes various approaches for redefining flexibility to enhance organizational competitiveness and effectiveness, and individual performance and commitment.


Based on exact diagonalization data for finite quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnets on two frustrated lattices (two-leg ladder and bilayer) and analytical arguments we map low-energy degrees of freedom of the spin models in a magnetic field on classical lattice-gas models. Further we use transfer-matrix calculations and classical Monte Carlo simulations to give a quantitative description of low-temperature thermodynamics of the quantum spin models. The classical lattice-gas model yields an excellent description of the quantum spin models up to quite large temperatures. The main peculiarity of the considered frustrated bilayer is a phase transition which occurs at low temperatures for a wide range of magnetic fields below the saturation magnetic field and belongs to the two-dimensional Ising model universality class.


We present a simple history-based model for sentence generation from LFG f-structures, which improves on the accuracy of previous models by breaking down PCFG independence assumptions so that more f-structure conditioning context is used in the prediction of grammar rule expansions. In addition, we present work on experiments with named entities and other multi-word units, showing a statistically significant improvement of generation accuracy. Tested on section 23 of the Penn Wall Street Journal Treebank, the techniques described in this paper improve BLEU scores from 66.52 to 68.82, and coverage from 98.18% to 99.96%.


In order to explore the effective prevention and control measures of the disease of flue-cured tobacco Potato virus Y(PVY),the investigation on disease incidence and disease index under flue-cured tobacco wheat interplanting and plastic mulching were performed in Weng'an country of Qian'nan state of Guizhou province in 2007 and 2008.The results indicated that interplanting with wheat can significantly reduce the incidence of PVY.Furthermore,compared with double rows of wheat interplanting with double line of flue-cured tobacco,dual-line wheat with single line flue-cured tobacco was better.In addition,plastic mulching also significantly decreased the incidence of PVY.Therefore,flue cured tobacco interplanting with wheat and plastic mulching were the effective means of prevention of flue-cured tobacco PVY,and it worth to be applyed in large area.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique that is widely used for the identification of internal organs, and for the medical diagnosis of tumors and cancer in the body. In general, gadolinium is used as a contrast agent to enhance image contrasting in MRI. In this study, chitosan-coated Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using a co-precipitation method with a calcination temperature of 500 °C. The nanoparticles were then coated with chitosan and treated under an external magnetic field of 400 mT. X-ray diffractometer results showed that the chitosan-coated Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles had a pure phase of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 at the (3 1 1) plane, with an average particle size of 26 nm. The presence of chitosan on the Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which showed the primary amine and secondary amine functional groups of chitosan. Here, coating the nanoparticle with chitosan not only prevented nanoparticle agglomeration, but also improved the particle surface charge and reduced the particle toxicity for in vivo testing. Vibrating sample magnetometer results showed that the maximum magnetization value of the magnetic field-assisted process was increased to 8.85 emu/g. Finally, chitosan-coated Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles with 400 mT of magnetic field assistance increased the average brightness in MRI of mouse liver by 21% compared to using gadolinium.


Objective: To explore anterolateral structure injuries of the knee and relevant issues.Methods: From June 2001 to March 2006,operations were performed on 8 cases(9 knees) with anterolateral structure injuries of the knee.Results: All cases were followed up for 6 months to 3 years.The excellent results were obtained in 7 cases and good results in 2 cases.No infections occurred.The injured knees were stable after operation.Conclusion: The mechanisms of anterolateral structure injuries,anterolateral rotatory instabilities and Segond fractures are similar,which display identical tissue damage and result in similar symptoms and signs.Once anterior cruciate liament is involved in anterolateral structure injuries of the knee and Segond fractures,expectant treatments would mistakenly lead to anterolateral rotatory instability.In such cases,enough attention should be paid to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis,and active operations should thus be performed.


Amplifier circuits used in radio work fall into t : ro distinct classes depending on whether they are used to amplify the radio-freguency currents before detection or to amplify the audio-frequenc3^ currents produced by the detector. These two types of amplifiers are called respectively "Radio-frequency amplifiers" and "Audio-frequency amplifiers," This paper describes methods commonly used a.t the Bureau of Standards for measuring the amplif icat ion of the tr ro different types. As the amplifiers are most commonly used the voltage amplification is the most important and is the only one considered in this paper.


Objective:To explore the clinical effects of complex tissue transplantation on repairing defects of extensor apparatus. Methods: 36 cases of extensor apparatus defects accompanied with skin and tendon injuries in fingers were treated respectively by retrogradating island flap pedicled with dorsal metacarpal arteries, free flap of long extensor muscle of toes pedicled with dorsal artery of foot, pedicled skin flap and tendon transplantation. Results: After following up 1 to 5 years, flaps of 11 cases survived well, 20 good, 5 poor. The repairing rate was about 86.1%.Conclusions:The results will be satisfactory if repair methods are chosen properly for different defects of skin and extensor tendon of finger.


We further consider the setting when the variables within Xk are correlated. Note that, by construction, the variables within Y k are always correlated. Specifically, we adopt a similar simulation setup as in Section 4.1 of the paper, and add a covariance structure ΣX for the entries of Xk. We set ΣX = c Cov(Xk) = (σX,i,j), where c = Var{N(0, 1)} = 1 for Distribution 1 and c = Var{t(10)} = 1.25 for Distribution 2, and σX,i,i = 1, σX,i,j = 0.5 for 5(k− 1) + 1 ≤ i, j ≤ 5k, with k = 1, . . . , [p/5], and σX,i,j = 0 otherwise. We have chosen this block covariance structure mostly to simplify the computation in the data generation step, since it allows us to efficiently compute the true covariance structure in the simulations. Then we generate n copies of the second modality, {Y k}k=1 in the same way as the paper. In this case, we have Cov(Xk,Y k) = cΣXΣ1,2, with the following three covariance structures similar as those in the paper:


Real-time online measurement of the Baume degree of black liquor of in the alkali recover process in the paper making industry is very difficult.A soft sensor method for Baume degree was developed based on the robust relevance vector regression(RRVR) method for online measurements.The method calculates the model weights and ensures the robustness of the regression algorithm by maximizing the likelihood function defined over a robust subset which is assumed to include the principal data without outliers.The iterative regression algorithm optimizes the hyperparameters and simultaneously selects the robust subset.Test results show that the soft sensor for measuring the Baume degree of black liquor is effective but can resist outliers.


The experiment was conducted at Plant Biotechnology Laboratory of Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh to study the effect of auxin and cytokinin on shoot induction and subsequent rooting from shoot tip of Adhatoda vasica. For shoot proliferation, MS medium was supplemented with BA and Kinetin, ranging from 0.1-2.0 mgL-1 and for root induction, both solid and liquid MS media fortified with NAA or IBA 0.1-2.0 mgL-1 were employed. Maximum number of usable shoots was found on the medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BA (1.86±0.52) and 1.5 mgL-l Kinetin (1.18±0.34). Root induction on solid medium showed that only one concentration of NAA (0.1 mgL-1) and 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l of IBA responded in rooting, but the highest number of roots (6.22±1.79) with the highest average root length (0.88±0.25 cm) were observed on solid medium supplemented with IBA 1.0 mgL-1. All the concentrations of IBA and NAA responded in rooting on liquid medium with maximum number at the concentration of 1.5 mgL-1 NAA (16.79±5.3) and 1.0 mgL-1 IBA (13.1±3.78). The healthy roots were observed in liquid medium at the concentration of 0.1 mg/l NAA. In vitro regenerated plantlets were transferred to sterile soil containing 75% soil and 25% sand and then successfully established under natural condition.


Clay shale is frequently encountered in drilling. With strong hydration capacity, when clay shale contacts with drilling fluid, rock structural and mechanical property will be affected, causing wellbore instability. Acoustic frequency spectrum is a significant parameter in geophysical logging. The influence of hydration on clay shale can be reflected in acoustic logging. Therefore, in order to identify hydration damage and have precise evaluation for hydration damage, a novel hydration damage index has been built on the basis of acoustic frequency spectrum. Meanwhile, considering the influence of hydration, hydrated constitutive model has been proposed using this new index. Results demonstrate that acoustic frequency spectrum has clear modification due to hydration damage. In the hydration evolutionary process, fracture initiation and propagation happen, decreasing acoustic amplitude and dominant frequency. The whole hydration evolutionary process exhibits S curve with clear three stages. In the initial stage, changing ranges of acoustic amplitude and frequency are small. In the middle stage, clear fracture propagation can be noticed and fracture network is formed, boosting the change of acoustic frequency spectrum. Finally, acoustic frequency spectrum becomes stable, meaning hydration damage has reached its limitation. Hydration damage degree is variable with different conditions, but the tendency still remains typical S curve. Stress‐strain curves simulated from hydrated constitutive model are in good agreement with results of uniaxial compressive test, indicating this model can be used to express shale mechanical property in hydration evolutionary process. Findings of this paper can offer theoretical reference for evaluating hydration damage and are advantageous for drilling operation in clay shale formation.


Divalent cobalt, nickel and copper salts reacts in situ with 2,3-butanedione and its dihydrazide to form complexes containing a 16-membered tetradentate macrocyclic ligand. The complexes derived from 2,3-butanedione and its dihydrazide may be represented as [M(C 1 6 H 2 4 N 8 )X 2 ], where M = Co I I , Ni I I and Cull and X = Cl, Br, NO 3 , NCS.


Extensive research has been done to analyze the phenomenon of open source software development from various perspectives. By contrast little is known about open source development of tangible objects, so-called open design, so far. Until recently, limitations to the availability of successful empirical examples of this 'new innovation model' outside software may have been a key reason for this gap.

This paper contributes to the literature on the open source mode of product development by providing a quantitative study (N = 85) of open design projects. Our goal is to explore the landscape of open source development in the world of atoms, to analyze project characteristics, structures, and success, and to investigate similarities and dissimilarities to open source software development.


Transposon Tn1546 from Enterococcus faecium BM4147 mediates high‐level resistance to the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin. Tn1546 encodes a dehydrogenase (VanH) and a ligase (VanA) that synthesize D‐alanyl‐D‐lactate (D‐Ala‐D‐Lac), a DD‐dipeptidase (VanX) that hydrolyses D‐Ala‐D‐Ala and a two‐component regulatory system (VanR–VanS) that controls transcription of the vanHAX operon. Strains of Enterococcus faecalis harbouring various copy numbers of the vanRSHAX cluster were tested to determine if there was a correlation between the levels of resistance to glycopeptides, the levels of expression of the corresponding resistance genes and the relative proportions of the different cytoplasmic peptidoglycan precursors. Increased transcription of the vanHAX operon was associated with increased incorporation of D‐Ala‐D‐Lac into peptidoglycan precursors to the detriment of D‐Ala‐D‐Ala, and with a gradual increase in the vancomycin‐resistance levels. More complete elimination of D‐Ala‐D‐Ala‐containing precursors was required for teicoplanin resistance. The VanY and VanZ proteins also encoded by Tn1546 were not effectors of the regulation of the vanHAX operon but contributed to vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance, respectively. Differences at the regulatory level accounted for phenotypic diversity in acquired glycopeptide resistance by production of D‐lac‐ending precursors.


The synthesis and characterization of photocrosslinked polydimethylsiloxanes show that under the conditions used the resulting network films are useful for coating different materials. The application of a modified swelling test and the measurement of the uniaxial compression make it possible to observe the formation of the network structure as a function of the exposure time (the exposure dose) and to estimate the crosslink density and the homogeneity of the network


As the advancement of urbanization, the role of city as the main driver of economic development has become increasingly apparent. However, city also has increasingly become the main body of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The construction of low-carbon city becomes a new way of urban development. This study analyzes the current development of low-carbon city development at home and abroad, and sum up experiences to provide references for the low-carbon development of other domestic cities.


Bovine mitochondrial elongation factor Ts (EF-Tsmt) stimulates the activity of Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). In contrast, E. coli EF-Ts is unable to stimulate mitochondrial EF-Tu. EF-Tsmt forms a tight complex with E. coliEF-Tu governed by an association constant of 8.6 × 1010. This value is 100-fold stronger than the binding constant for the formation of the E. coli EF-Tu·Ts complex. To test which domain of EF-Tsmt is important for its strong binding with EF-Tu, chimeras were made between E. coli EF-Ts and EF-Tsmt. Replacing the N-terminal domain of E. coli EF-Ts with that of EF-Tsmtincreases its binding to E. coli EF-Tu 2–3-fold. Replacing the N-terminal domain of EF-Tsmt with the corresponding region of E. coli EF-Ts decreases its binding to E. coli EF-Tu ∼4–5-fold. A chimera consisting of the C-terminal half of E. coli EF-Ts and the N-terminal half of EF-Tsmt binds to E. coli EF-Tu as strongly as EF-Tsmt. A chimera in which Subdomain N of the core of EF-Ts is replaced by the corresponding region of EF-Tsmtbinds E. coli EF-Tu ∼25-fold more tightly than E. coli EF-Ts. Thus, the higher strength of the interaction between EF-Tsmt and EF-Tu can be localized primarily to a single subdomain.


In order to estimate shear-wave velocity (Vs) structure model at an earthquake motion observation site, a joint inversion technique using observed earthquake motion data and microtremor exploration data is developed. Site amplification factor, receiver function extracted from earthquake motion data and phase velocity of Rayleigh wave extracted from microtremor array observation in Hofu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture are analyzed in this study. Vs structure models up to the seismic bedrock are estimated in the inversion by minimizing the total misfit between the observed and the theoretical data. The Vs structure models that reproduce the observed characteristics are successfully obtained by the proposed joint inversion technique. In order to identify the two-dimensional subsurface structure in Hofu City, the inversion technique is applied to five observation sites by assuming the unified Vs for deep underground model calibrated from the preliminary inversion analysis. The result shows that thickness of the sediment in the central part of the basin is larger than those in other sites, indicating the significant irregularity in the basin.


Models for collisionless magnetic reconnection in near‐Earth space are distinctly characterized as 2D or 3D. In 2D kinetic models, the frozen‐in law for the electron fluid is usually broken by laminar dynamics involving structures set by the electron orbit size, while in 3D models the width of the electron diffusion region is broadened by turbulent effects. We present an analysis of in situ spacecraft observations from the Earth's magnetotail of a fortuitous encounter with an active reconnection region, mapping the observations onto a 2D spatial domain. While the event likely was perturbed by low‐frequency 3D dynamics, the structure of the electron diffusion region remains consistent with results from a 2D kinetic simulation. As such, the event represents a unique validation of 2D kinetic, and laminar reconnection models.


On the basis of the finite element analysis software ANSYS,the semi-rigid node model is presented and then the examples of single-layer cylindrical reticulated shells supported along four edges are analyzed using a complete-process method with geometric nonlinearity.The effect laws of the joint stiffness on its stability is investigated and the initial imperfection and unsymmetrical distribution of loads are taken into consideration.The result show that with the same imperfection,the critical loads go down when the stiffness weakens,The effect of the bending stiffness is great.The rotation stiffness has a stronger effect on the single-layer cylindrical reticulated shells supported along four edges when the imperfection grows.With the same stiffness,the critical loads go down when the imperfection grows.The imperfection's effect on critical loads weakens when the stiffness decrease.The unsymmetrical distribution of loads results in the decrease of critical loads of cylindrical reticulated shells supported along four edges to a level of 80% of that in symmetrical distribution of loads.The variations of the imperfection bring changes in joint stiffness' effect on the critical loads and have little effect on the terminal bearing capability.


Abstract-Basing on the radio-frequency chip AT86RF212, the paper designed a wireless Data collection system. According to the performances and characters of chip AT86RF212,It adopted the company ATMEL's ZigBee protocol stack Bitcloud to carry through software development. Meanwhile, using the serial interface communication technologies,it realized data processing and displaying by Labview technologies. With the help of the experiment results, it could conclude that the designed system would have a good practical prospect.


SPHERES is a third-generation neutron backscattering spectrometer, located at the 20 MW German neutron source FRM II and operated by the Jülich Centre for Neutron Science. It offers an energy resolution (fwhm) better than 0.65 μeV, a dynamic range of ± 31 μeV, and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 1750:1.


The experience of Shandong Baishengyuan Group Co.,Ltd stressing the production,study and research cooperation between universities and enterprises to enhance the independent innovation capacity of the enterprise is introduced.


Summary The penetration of lincomycin into serum, femur, and mandible was compared with penicillin G and tetracycline following intramuscular injection. The concentrations were assayed by the serial tube dilution method using S. aureus. Lincomycin produced higher concentrations than penicillin in serum and bone. Although tetracycline gave higher serum levels than the other two antibiotics, a sufficient quantity could not be extracted from the bone by the method used to permit detection by the test organism. However, its presence was confirmed by the bacteriostatic effect of the bone powder upon inoculated broth cultures.


Objective To evalute the value of supraobital keyhole approach under endoscope assistance for big pituitary adenomas. Method The supraobital keyhole approach in surgical treatment of big pituitary adenomas of 25 adult cadaver heads and 9 fresh adult cadaver heads were observed. This approach was used in surgical treatment of 15 cases of big pituitary adenomas. Results The supraobital keyhole approach could provide a similar exposure in ordinary microsurgical craniotomy in surgical treatment of big pituitary adenomas, and the endoscope provided straight view than that of the unstraight under the microscope. Conclusion The supraobital keyhole approach under endoscope assistance in surgical treatment of big pituitary adenomas was an ideal pattern.


Ground-based solar-radiation observations have rather high random errors, which were sourced from maintenance, calibration and/or inaccurate instruments in Turkey. Satellite-based radiation data obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) were compared with reliable ground observations, and it was found that the global solar incident insolation data of the NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) dataset is usable, with a rather low mean relative error of about 4%. Therefore, monthly and annual spatial distribution over Turkey and solar-radiation time series were analysed in order to detect the potential of solar radiation and to find out variations and trends, respectively.


This contribution deals with experience with the measurement of the stator reaction of the dynamometer using load cells. Originally, the stator reaction had been measured using a balance mechanism. Within the framework of the author's research, it was necessary to improve the accuracy of torque measurement of the dynamometer. To accomplish this requirement, the old balance mechanism was replaced by a strain-gauge load cell. Two various types of the load cells were applied in order to arrange the measuring range to the expecting range of values of the torque. During the calibration, hysteresis in voltage output of the both applied load cells was observed. The maximal value of the hysteresis was about 0.5 % of the measured range of both of the load cells. Moreover, a certain temporary-plasticity of both of the load cells occurred.


Using thin-layer chromatography in a laboratory designed to confirm some important features of the usual textbook description of drug metabolism and excretion.


A resin composition comprising a binder component, the binder component having one or more monomers having a fluorine-based functional group and a polymerizable silicone oligomer molecule and at least one . The resin composition also includes fine metal oxide particles and a polymerization initiator. The fine metal oxide particles are selected from the group comprising zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, antimony, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped heteroaryl zinc oxide (AZO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) particle group thereof.


Bolts used in tunnel construction must be fully grouted so as to satisfy the technical requirements of shotcreting-bolting support according to NATM(New Austrial Tunneling Method).In order to investigate the mortar grouting fullness and performance of combined bolts,trial application of combined bolts is made in the construction of Dabieshan tunnel.The trial results show that the construction process of combined bolts is reasonable,the combined bolts can be fully grouted and have almost the same construction efficiency as traditional mortar bolts and hollow grouting bolts.It is concluded that combined bolts should be recommended for tunnel construction.


Histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis are important public health problems in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Central America. Conventional laboratory tests, such as culture and microscopy, are not optimal; however, antigen (Ag) tests are rapid, highly sensitive, and specific for diagnosis of fungal opportunistic infections (OI). The aim of this study was to describe the results of a laboratory‐based surveillance system for histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis.


Audio source separation is an important problem for many audio applications. Independent low-rank matrix analysis (ILRMA) is a recently proposed algorithm that employs the statistical independence between sources and the low-rankness of the time-frequency structure in each source. As reported in this paper, we have developed a new framework that enables us to introduce a spatial regularization of the demixing matrix in ILRMA. Since the conventional optimization cannot be applied to this regularized ILRMA, we derive a novel approach based on vectorwise coordinate descent, which does not require a step-size parameter and guarantees convergence. In experiments, ILRMA with beamforming-based regularization is evaluated as an application of the proposed framework.


Several studies have already shown the beneficial effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on osteogenesis in fracture cases. However, few reports have related the ultrasound action in bone with some injury but without fracture. Thus, we induced a rat osteopenia model by ovariectomy and the proximal third of rat femur was stimulated by ultrasound (200ms burst of 1.5 MHz sine waves repeated at 1.0 kHz, 30mW/cm2, SATA) for 20 min/day, during 20 days. After the treatment period, the body weight was significantly higher in the non-treated group than the treated one. No significant difference in bone mineral content was detected among the groups (p > 0.05). Also, no significant difference was noted in the mechanical properties of the femoral diaphysis. However, histologic investigations showed that the treated femur presented less microarchitectural deterioration than the non-treated group. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the treated group did show recent bone formation which was not there in the non-treated group. These results suggest that the low intensity ultrasound can interfere in a positive way on osteoporosis.


The author discusses the planning, design, and scheduling involved in the ten-day hot mix asphalt runway closure to mill, overlay and reconstruct portions of the runway at the King County International Airport (KCIA), in Seattle, Washington, known locally as Boeing Field. KCIA coordinated closely with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for funding and in carrying out the project. Challenges included costs of closing the runway (estimates were $30,000 an hour, with high liquidated costs if certain deadlines were not met); weather; volume of materials to be handled in a short time; condition of seven taxiway/runway intersections damaged during the 2001 Nisqually Earthquake; and educating construction inspectors on current asphalt technology. The runway reopened with no aircraft or construction accidents, the project will close out at or under the amount of FAA grant, and a day ahead of schedule. Using hot mix asphalt was credited with allowing the project to be completed on time.


A safe ecological natural built flocculant, its preparing and using method are disclosed. The built flocculant consists of natural materials containing silicate, black soil, brown soil and red soil. The using method is carried out by adding alkali substances into glutamate waste water to adjust pH value, adding into natural materials containing silicate, agitating fast, flocculating complex preparing, adding into inorganic molysite and auxiliary flocculating. It has high efficiency, better ecological safety and no second environmental pollution.


The growth of structure in the cosmic density field from the initial seeds observed in the CMB can be reliably predicted for any assumed cosmology. Many features of this density field can be observed to provide constraints on cosmology. The statistics of large density peaks, galaxy clusters, are especially sensitive to cosmological parameters. Counting clusters, in principle, can provide very tight cosmological constraints. In practice, many systematic uncertainties remain in the relation between the dark matter halos theory predicts and the baryonic galaxy clusters observers detect. These uncertainties currently prevent us from realizing the promise of cluster cosmology. Modern survey data sets provide new opportunities to explore the observable‐mass relation, especially through cross‐correlation measurements. The next generation of surveys, which will provide optical, SZ, and x‐ray observations for thousands of square degrees of sky, will provide the best opportunity yet to fully realize the promise of ...


This particular study investigates a few postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) characteristics, including glucose waves and wave fluctuations or glycemic variability (GV) of 106 breakfasts from 11/5/2020 to 2/22/2021, which include 63 fasting and 43 non-fasting meals. At first, the author utilizes wave theory to study PPG waves in time domain. He then applies signal processing techniques and Fast Fourier Transform program to convert these PPG waves into frequency domain. He can then estimate the relative energy levels associated with different glucoses of both fasting and non-fasting situations to understand the degree of organ impact related to these energies generated from or carried by glucoses in the blood system. In summary, from the time domain analysis, the non-fasting's average PPG value is 15 mg/dL, which is 14% higher than the fasting's average PPG; and the non-fasting's peak PPG value is 21 mg/dL, which is 19% higher than the fasting's peak PPG value. Even the PPG wave fluctuations (Max.-Min.) of the non-fasting is 12 mg/dL, which is 60% higher than the fasting. It is interesting to observe that the fasting glucose wave still has fluctuations even though it is much "calmer". On the other hand, from the frequency domain analysis, there are two observations described below: 1. Relative energy associated with PPG wave reveals that non-fasting is 43% lower than fasting. This observation is counter to the author's intuitive feeling; however, this phenomenon is due to the higher amplitude (Y-value) result of the frequency domain after the Fourier Transform operation from the time domain. In other words, this characteristic of glucose energy corresponding to different frequencies in frequency domain is different from the characteristic of glucose corresponding to various times in time domain. 2. The relative energy associated with PPG wave fluctuations reflects that non-fasting is 17% higher than fasting which is due to the difference of 12 mg/dL, which is 60% of PPG fluctuation (Max - Min) in time domain. Besides, the Fourier Transform operation did not change the PPG fluctuation's characteristics in its frequency domain.


The Thai Gynecologic Cancer Society (TGCS) was developed from the Thai Gynecologic Oncology Group in 1996. With the aims of fighting against gynecologic cancer, providing fellowship training and continuing education, there are many activities among members and partnerships all through the year. For fellowship training programme, bimonthly interinstitute conferences and annual refresher courses are provided. During Her Royal Majesty the Queen Sirikit's birthday celebration period around 12th August, we have our annual academic meeting every year. On the 10th August, 2012, Dr. Wisit Supakarapongkul, current president of TGCS, gave the welcome speech during the opening remark.


The reaction time,enzyme concentration,and solid-liquid ratio in the hydrolysis of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker materal by Arazyme protease were optimized by the response surface method.The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows:enzyme concentration 532U,reaction time 24h,and solid-liquid ratio 30∶1.Under these conditions,the peptide bond content was 31.05mmol/g Pro.


The study discussed in this paper presents a method of estimating sources of geometric errors in suspension bridges in use, based on geometric survey data. A geometric error is defined as the difference between the survey data and the design geometry of a main cable. It is assumed that the geometric error in a suspension bridge is caused by the variations in the weight of the stiffening girder and the deformation of the anchorage foundations due to the creep of soil. The variations in the girder weight and the deformation of the foundation were estimated by constructing a matrix of factors that affect suspension bridges due to the variations. To check the validity of the proposed method, it was applied to the Kwang-An Bridge, and the sources of geometric errors in the bridge were estimated using the survey data.


Abstract The radiological findings in 100 cases of proved pulmonary paragonimiasis as seen in Nigeria are reviewed. In order of frequency the common shadows are either well defined patches of cavitation, ill-defined "cotton wool" lesions, "streaky" shadows or "bubble" cavities. The midzones are most commonly affected but any part of the lung may be marked. The shadows are generally of low density and may be difficult to distinguish from the early lesions of pulmonary tuberculosis.


The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Cd 2+ on germination, growth, proline content, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fingerprinting of in vitro grown C ichorium pumilum. Results showed that seed germination was highly inhibited by cadmium (down to 47% at 1600 µM CdCl 2 ). In addition, root and shoot growth showed significant decreases in response to CdCl 2 level. Analysis of proline content and lipid peroxidation showed that with increasing CdCl 2 levels in the growing medium, the amount of proline accumulation and lipid peroxidation increased gradually. Total chlorophyll content was found to increase only at higher tested levels of Cd 2+ (800 and 1600 µM). The results also show that Cd 2+ inhibits callus growth at different levels starting from 50 µM CdCl 2 compared with the control in the callus growth experiment. Callus growth ceased completely at 200 µM CdCl 2 and above. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis showed DNA alterations in Cd 2+ -treated C . pumilum microshoots compared with the control. The results of this experiment showed that Cd 2+ stress affects several physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in C . pumilum.


Meloidogyne javanica and two undescribed phenotypes/species of root-knot nematodes are recorded for the first time in Paulownia plantations in Western Australia.


The topological relationship for grids or sub-watersheds in distributed hydrological model is an important aspect in accurately reflecting flood routing sequence.A traversal algorithm based on multi-subtrees is suggested for topological relationship,which simplifies grids or sub-watersheds of the digital drainage network as a tree-structured nodded graph and uses recursive post-order traversal algorithm to establish topological relationship of grids or sub-watersheds.The method provides a solid foundation for further development of distributed hydrological model and is valuable in practical operation.


Conventional hybrid VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) aircraft are always designed by directly mounting multicopter rotors onto a fixed-wing plane. This type of VTOL aircraft may suffer from terrible drag due to the copter rotors. To tackle this problem, this paper describes a novel rotors retractable hybrid VTOL UAV (RR VTOL) that combines the hovering capability of multicopters and the high cruise velocity property of pure fixed-wing aircraft. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis on rotors folding and unfolding models proves that the retractable rotors can increase the lift-to-drag ratio by approximately two times compared to that of the common hybrid VTOL UAV. Moreover, some aerodynamic performance data of the rotors folded model are also acquired. A preliminary design method for this creative UAV is proposed with new empirical equations derived from many hybrid VTOL UAVs' data. Emphasis is given to the method for determining the center of gravity position and horizontal tail dimensions as they are the unique aspects of the RR VTOL configuration. Subsequently, the manufacturing process and rotor retraction mechanism of two UAV generations are reviewed and a rapid prototyping method for RR VTOL is summarized. Finally, a successful flight test confirms that the proposed VTOL concept is practical and the drag reduction of rotors retracting function is remarkable.


Despite differences in corporate governance systems in the United States and Australia, the corporate governance failures that led to each country's largest bankruptcy are strikingly similar. WorldCom in the United States and HIH Insurance in Australia were both created by a rapid series of major acquisitions, failed after their last major acquisitions, and attempted to hide their declining performance with aggressive and/or fraudulent accounting practices. In this paper we present a clinical examination of the corporate governance failures that led to the demise of HIH Insurance and show that corporate governance failures are not endemic to the existing corporate governance system in the United States.


M OST progress in science depends on the exploitation of observations made in a 'test-tube' situation. These situations depend in turn on advances in technology. One of the reasons why general practice is a rudimentary science is because it is difficult to produce a satisfactory 'test-tube' situation. Recent development in computer science means that the necessary technology is now available; although not yet within easy reach of the general-practitioner research-worker. Most workers in general practice use whole practices but it is impossible to make sufficiently detailed observations on patients and diseases in whole practices without unlimited use of the full resources of a computing unit. This means that a whole practice is too big to serve as a 'test-tube' situation. The obvious solution is to use a sample population. When I was faced with this problem I found that I could not observe the patients adequately in a random sample of my practice, and so I used a biased sample of 500 patients plus their children who were selected at surgery attendances. I called this the 'artificial practice'. The patients in this unit were divided into two main groups-a supramean group in which the patients received ten or more personal items of service in the observation year, and a perimean group in which the patients received less than ten items of service (Jacob 1966 a and b). These two groups were subdivided into an A group in which the patients experienced one or two distinct episodes of illness and a multiple group in which the patients experienced three or more distinct episodes of illness. This gave four patient categories in all. The next stage of the investigation was a morbidity study. Each disease episode and the overall morbidity pattern in relation to the patient groups were studied. Each disease was classified according to the classification of the Royal College of General Practitioners. This is an aetiological classification and a diagnosis of quality. The results of this part of


The invention provides an automobile front strut supporting seat assembly, comprising upper and lower plates with a barrel-type frame structure and a rubber part with a sleeve in the center. The rubber part is arranged in the whole barrel-type structure formed by combination of the upper and lower plates, the upper and lower plates are riveted by bolts and then connected on the automobile body; aiming at increasing relative height of the part of the rubber part arranged above the supporting seat, the ratio of the depth of the barrel-type frame structure of the upper plate and the total depth of the whole barrel-type structure formed by combination of the upper and lower plates is designed to be 0.3-0.6:1 in the invention, thus the depth of the barrel-type structure of the upper plate is increased while the depth of the barrel-type structure of the lower plate is reduced on the basis of the existing usual structure and the aim of moving up the rubber part is achieved without changing the shape and pretightening deformation of the original rubber part, thereby increasing suspension stroke and improving ride performance of vehicles.


This paper deals with the transmitter antenna gain calculation in different directions and the model application for the prediction of the propagation loss. An improved method for the calculation of the path loss, as a function of the link distance along the path, is presented. The emphasis is on the comparison of the path loss calculated by the use of our improved method and the results obtained by Hata prediction propagation model.


This short report reviews the current state of the research and methodology on theoretical and practical aspects of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). It was prepared to gather state-of-the-art knowledge needed to construct complex, hypercomplex and fuzzy neural networks. The report reflects the individual interests of the authors and, by now means, cannot be treated as a comprehensive review of the ANN discipline. Considering the fast development of this field, it is currently impossible to do a detailed review of a considerable number of pages. The report is an outcome of the Project 'The Strategic Research Partnership for the mathematical aspects of complex, hypercomplex and fuzzy neural networks' meeting at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland, organized in September 2022.


: With the advancement of globalization, national identification once again became the focus of social psychology researches. Whether did globalization weaken or strengthen national identification, was not only related to the specific content of national identification, also related to the level of national globalization. At the same time, the individual's attitudes to out-groups, not only was affected by the group size, also was moderated by identity content. People who endorsed a definition of national belonging based on language, religion, culture, hold a negative attitude to out-groups. People who defined the nation in terms of citizenship, hold a positive attitude to out-groups. The future research should focus on the following aspects: to integrate the content of national identification, to clarify the developing track of national identification, to expand the research methods, and to develop the indigenization research.


ntangled DNA solutions are ideal as a model system to examine nonlinear shear flow behavior. ven when the number of entanglements per chain, Z, is higher than 100, the solution is still soft nough with an elastic plateau modulus under 100 Pa and is thus amenable to experimental study y commercial rotational rheometry without ambiguity and uncertainty. We have investigated onlinear flow behavior of three entangled DNA solutions with Z=24, 60, and 156, respectively, sing a combination of particle-tracking velocimetric PTV and conventional rheometric easurements. We explore questions such as a whether shear banding also occurs in moderately ntangled solutions, b whether creep results in development of nonlinear velocity profile, c hether shear banding produced in startup shear and creep persists at long times in steady state, nd d whether these entangled solutions exhibit homogeneous shear at the upper end of the stress lateau region. We found that the first DNA solution Z=24 only shows transient weakly nhomogeneous shear and steady linear velocity profile. In the more entangled solutions Z=60 and 56 , shear banding is observed in startup rateand stress-controlled shear in the shear thinning egime. Shear homogeneity eventually returns at the upper end of the stress plateau shear hinning regime. © 2009 The Society of Rheology. DOI: 10.1122/1.3009299


The present invention relates to a kind of floater's promise breaking analysis method based on machine learning, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:S1 obtains financial data and ratings data;The selection and cleaning of S2 model training samples;The foundation and training of S3 models;S4 is analyzed prediction using the model for training.Advantages of the present invention is embodied in:The present invention sets up model and is trained by the use of the financial data and ratings data disclosed in market as support, can in advance analyze and judge which publisher is possible to that credit risk occurs, protects the interests of investors, it is to avoid loss occurs in property.


One kind of wild grape and wine production methods appetite for wild grape, tangerine peel, Magnolia, herb, white radish, wood, hawthorn, taro, lily, mango, littoralis as the main raw material, the main process for their production choice of materials, drying, ingredients, soaking, packaging and finished products. With health, digestion of stagnation, appetite, quick, natural, non-toxic, no side effects, etc., correspondence and other food product Needless main syndromes have a good effect of adjuvant therapy, an edible wild grape and wine production methods appetite .


This paper deals with the method of multi_computer communicaton in the multilevel hierarchy control system,with regard to hardware's link and softer wakes design.


INTRODUCTION: On Earth, aeolian sand dunes are used as tools of scientific inquiry. Holocene and Pleistocene dunes preserve clues about Quaternary climate variations and human activities ranging from Ice Age hunting practices to Twentieth Century warfare. Modern dunes contain the sedimentary textures and structures necessary for interpreting ancient sandstones, and they provide natural laboratories for investigation of aeolian physics and desertification processes. The dunes of Mars can likewise be used as scientific tools. Dunes provide relatively dust-free surfaces. From a remote sensing perspective, martian dunes have much potential for providing clues about surface mineralogy and the interaction between the surface and atmosphere. Such information can in turn provide insights regarding crust composition, volcanic evolution, present and past climate events, and perhaps weathering rates. The Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) is expected to reach the planet in September 1997. TES will provide 6 to 50 micrometer spectra of the martian surface at ground resolutions of 3 to 9 km. Sandy aeolian environments on Mars might provide key information about bedrock composition. To prepare for the TES investigation, I have been examining a thermal infrared image of a Mars-composition analog dune field in Christmas Lake Valley, Oregon.


From 2004 to 2015, the average number of neurologists in high-income countries increased from 3 to 5.14 per 100,000 population; the number of neurologists in low-income countries (LICs) remained static at 0.03 per 100,000.1,2 This disparity is likely due in large part to the paucity of neurology training programs in LICs,3 leading physicians interested in neurology to train abroad, where many stay (the brain drain phenomenon).4 Neurologic disorders are the leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years and the second leading cause of mortality worldwide,5 requiring expansion of the global neurology workforce. Here we describe the development of the first neurology training program in Haiti (an LIC), supported by a visiting faculty model.


Research studies show that various types of air pollutants seriously hamper citrus production. Yields and fruit quality are often poor. Trees along a highway are smaller and produce fewer fruits than those growing 3 or 4 rows within the orchard. The amount of noxious gases along roadways may contain CO at 40 ppm, acetylene at 0.4 ppm, ethylene at 0.5 ppm, total hydrocarbons at 3.0 ppm, and oxides of nitrogen at 0.6 ppm. Usually a 50% reduction in contaminants appears 10 tree rows away from the road, but clean air may not be found for 100 rows. Sulfur dioxide damages the leaves of a wide variety of plants at concentrations below 1.0 ppm after only a few hours exposure. Ozone causes significant injury to citrus leaves. During periods of aggravated air pollution, ozone may be 20 times natural concentrations and is ten times that of clean air. The effects of atmospheric fluorides upon growth and production in lemon, orange, and grapefruit have been investigated. Results indicate that growth was suppressed and leaves and trunks of trees were smaller than trees grown in clean air.


Dissociative ionization of diisopropoxy disulfide (C 3 H 7 OSSOC 3 H 7 ) by 70-eV electron impact gives rise to H 2 S 2 O 2 .+ ions, whose collisional activation (CA) mass spectrum is in keeping with the connectivity of HOSSOH .+ . This ion has been successfully neutralized and reionized in a two-stage collision experiment


This study aimed to compare the percutaneous oblique osteotomy (POO) and the open chevron osteotomy technique for correction of hallux valgus deformity at a 2‐year follow‐up.


The goal of this research is to develop a method of identifying a topic of a given text by looking at relationship of keywords defined in an ontology hierarchy. The keywords which are extracted from important sentences of the given text are mapped onto their correspond concepts which exist in the hierarchy. After all the words are mapped, the correspond concepts will be generalized into one single concept. The single concept will most likely be the topic of text. Our research have an approach that promotes both satisfaction in term of robustness and accuracy using ontologies and word frequency. So, this attempts are done in what they call as a hybrid approach. We try to take the challenge by using knowledge-statistical base approach. Experimental results show that proposed method outperforms the existing method using knowledge-base only.


Summary Inter-organizational relationships are crucial for the functioning and development of the company, and appropriately shaped give the value of the company and its cooperating entities. The aim of the article is to show the possibility of formation of inter-organizational relationships as part of a three-dimensional model including selected elements of human capital, structural and relational. Based on studies of literature and conducted analysis of the activities of a small enterprise there were shown measures conducive to the formation of inter-organizational relationships.


In this study we report on the high pressure phase of the promising hydrogen storage material lithiumamidoborane (LiNH2BH3), on the basis of density functional theory calculations with generalized ...


Abstract:For Russians in Estonia, the prospect of Estonian independence meant a crucial change in status: from local representatives of an imperial nation to a minority in a small nation-state. We depicted the ethnic environment in which our respondents lived and worked. We then examined their command of the Estonian or Russian language as an important feature characterizing their mutual accommodation. Finally, we examined expressed attitudes by Estonians and Russians toward one another.For both Estonians and Russians, the immediate ethnic environment at work and place of residence had a substantial effect on language proficiency. The Russian-speaking respondents had a much more positive attitude toward close association with members of other nationalities than did Estonians. Most considered interethnic marriage acceptable. Many preferred to live in neighborhoods with Estonians as neighbors. On the whole, Russians were more open-minded and tolerant toward Estonians than Estonians were toward Russians. In ...


Nanoflowers and Its Application as a Colorimetric Platform for Visual Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Phenol Zian Lin,* Yun Xiao, Yuqing Yin, Wenli Hu, Wei Liu, and Huanghao Yang* ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6 (13), 10775−10782. DOI: 10.1021/am502757e T authors note that Figure 4A−C in the original published maunscript was wrong, but there are no changes to the text or the interpretation, and the corrected Figure 4A−C is as shown in this Addition and Correction.


RATIONALE
Interactions between early life and adult insults on lung function decline are not well understood, with most studies investigating pre-bronchodilator (BD) FEV1 decline.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate relationships between adult risk factors and pre- and post-BD lung function decline and their potential effect modification by early life and genetic factors.

METHODS
Multiple regression was used to examine associations between adult exposures (asthma, smoking, occupational exposures, traffic pollution and obesity) and decline in both pre- and post-BD spirometry (FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC) between ages 45 to 53 years in the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (n=857). Effect modification of these relationships by childhood respiratory risk factors including low childhood lung function, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms was investigated.

RESULTS
Baseline asthma, smoking, occupational exposure to vapours/gases/dusts/fumes (VGDF) and living close to traffic were associated with accelerated decline in both pre- and post-BD FEV1. These factors were also associated with FEV1/FVC decline. Occupational exposure to aromatic solvents was associated with pre-BD but not post-BD FEV1 decline. Maternal smoking accentuated the effect of personal smoking on pre- and post-BD FEV1 decline. Lower childhood lung function and having the GSTM1 null allele accentuated the effect of occupational exposure to VGDF and personal smoking on post-BD FEV1 decline. Incident obesity was associated with accelerated decline in FEV1 and more pronounced in FVC.

CONCLUSION
This study provides new evidence for accentuation of individual susceptibility to adult risk factors by low childhood lung function, GSTM1 genotype and maternal smoking.


This article analyses feminism in the Dominican Republic, and the rightward shift of the women's movement in the 1930s and 1940s, by examining the historical development of female activism in the Dominican Republic from the 1880s until the first decade of General Rafael Trujillo's regime in the 1940s. The article argues that elite female activists, most of whom were white or light‐skinned, allied themselves with the right‐wing politics of General Rafael Trujillo's dictatorship because his vision of elite women's activism complemented the class and colour interests of a select group of female reformers. Dominican feminism's rightward shift also resulted from the monopolisation of political power under the Dominican Party; the veneration of elite, bourgeois womanhood in official state iconography; the elaboration of Hispanidad nationalism; and the rejection of feminism's early roots in the political philosophy of Eugenio María de Hostos. As a result, Dominican feminism's origins in left‐leaning, potentially radical politics were ignored and erased by leading activists.


Objective:To seek optimum time interval after chemotherapy for ovarian cancer in vivo. Methods:Human ovarian cancer transplated in the omentum of nude mice model was establisted, then divided into four groups control group, group 1, group 2, and group 3. 0. 25mg CDDP was injected i. p. 7th day, 14th day,and 21th day after initial injection in each group .respectively. The weight of tumors were examined and compared respectively. Results; The differences of weight between each two groups were significant (P0. 01). Conclusion; Shorten the time interval of chemotherapy could get better effect.


Some believe that a learner must acquire the ability to produce and recognize all speech sounds used by the speaker of the target language while others think that if the goal is communication it is not necessary to teach all phonemic aspects. In fact in teaching (especially the phonology of) a language, the learners' objectives are to be taken into account. If their goal in the long run is either to teach the language or to use it in radio news broadcasts, they should learn pronunciation accurately, correctly, and authentically; otherwise, when communication is possible, there is no obligation to strive for perfect pronunciation. One way to achieve this purpose is by sensitizing students to the conversational tactics they use naturally when talking in their native tongue: turn-taking, supporting, challenging, questioning, expanding on statements, and so on; they do not tend to use these when interacting in English (Counihan, 1998).


Engineering landslide is a common geological disaster induced by human activities such as building railway and highway etc. The engineering remediation cost is so high that the high attention must be aroused at the engieering circles for its importance. This paper has described the formation mechanism and control counter measures of engineering landslide through analysis of a great number of engineering landslide examples occurring in the construction of certain double tracks railway built in the southwest mountain area in recent years, which has an important significance for control or reduction of engineering landslide to maximum extent in earnestly implementing the landslide prevention and remediation guideline of "Prevention First, Prevention and Remediation Integration, Comprehensive Treatment".


This report introduced and summarized the nursing care experience for a senior patient with lung cancer and developed programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy-related myocarditis combined with coronary heart disease (CHD) after receiving said treatment. In this case, immune myocarditis with CHD occurred shortly after implementing the PD-1 immunotherapy, yet the patient presented no clinical symptoms. Frequent nursing attention and close observation are so required for monitoring the patient's status and updating the physicians for a swift control of the myocarditis. For this case, nursing care procedures vital for the successful recovery of the patient included condition observation, position management, pre- and postcoronary angiography care, infection prevention, hemorrhage prevention, venous access port maintenance, pain care, trachea care, psychological care, diet care, environment management, and health education. After receiving effective, successful treatment and care, the patient was discharged after 13 days of treatment with generally satisfying overall conditions.


People with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee have an excess mortality from all causes when compared with the general population. The excess is particularly pronounced for death from cardiovascular causes and dementia.


This study aimed to investigate risk and protective factors in the lives of at risk children and adolescents. Poverty was considered as an a priori inclusive condition for the participants, and those who lived with their families and attended school (G1, n= 142) were compared to those who lived in shelters (G2, n= 155). As risk factors were appraised stressing events, negative affect, and depression. As protective factors were appraised life satisfaction and positive affect. 297 participants, from seven to 16 years, of both sexes were submitted to a structured interview, and to inventories and scales to assess the mentoned factors. Sheltered children (G2; p <0,001) informed more stressing events, higher negative affect and depression than G1, which reported that they are at a situation of vulnerability. However, the institutionalized children do not differentiate when assessed the level of life satisfaction and of positive affect (p >0,05). Girls presented higher scores of negative affect than boys (p <0,05). There were no differences between gender in positive affect, depression, life satisfaction, and in the frequency of stressing events (p >0,05). The data of this study revealed although that the levels of negative and positive affect, the frequency of stressing events, and the scores of depression may be considered as preditors for the life satisfaction. In spite of the lived adversities it was possible to identify resilience processes.


Poly(thiocarbonates) with alkyl side chains have been prepared, and the solution properties of these polymers were studied in different solvents. Comparison with other poly(thiocarbonate) analogues and poly(carbonates) shows that the conformational parameter (Kθ) and rigidity factor increase as the volume of the side chain increases. The effect of the side-chain structure on the solution properties is analyzed.


In processes involving two liquid phases, such as enhanced oil recovery, one phase is often present in a drop form (drop phase) while the other is in continuous form (bulk phase). In the present paper, the effect of such phase orientation on dynamic interfacial tension between the two phases formed by the partially miscible system composed of butanol-1 and water has been investigated by using the method of drop volume tensiometry. With butanol-rich (butanol-1 saturated by water) as the drop phase and water-rich (water saturated by butanol-1) as the bulk phase, the interfacial tension is 1.70 ± 0.02 mN/m. The interfacial tension for water-rich as the drop phase is almost identical at 1.72 ± 0.03 mN/m. Addition of a surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, to the system has been studied. When the surfactant is added to the drop phase (either butanol-rich or water-rich), the magnitude of the decrease in interfacial tension is smaller than when surfactant is added to the bulk phase (water-rich or butanol-rich) or to both phases. Under otherwise identical conditions, when the water-rich acts as the drop phase, the apparent interfacial tension is higher than that when the butanol-rich acts as the drop phase.

Dans les procedes faisant intervenir deux phases liquides, telle la recuperation assistee au petrole, l'une des phases se presente souvent sous forme de gouttes (phase de gouttes) et l'autre sous forme continue (phase dense). Dans cet article, on a etudie l'effet d'une telle orientation de phases sur la tension interfaciale dynamique entre les deux phases formees par le systeme partiellement miscible compose de butanol-l et d'eau par la methode de tensiometrie du volume des gouttes. Avec le milieu riche en butanol (butanol-1 sature par l'eau) comme phase de gouttes et du milieu riche en eau (eau saturee par du butanol-1) comme phase dense, la tension interfaciale est de 1.70 ± 0.02 mN/m. La tension interfaciale pour le milieu riche en eau come phase de gouttes est presque identique a 1.72 ± 0.03 mN/m. L'ajout au systeme d'un surfactant, soit le sulfate de dodecyl de sodium, est etudie. Lorsque le surfactant est ajoute a la phase des gouttes (soit riche en butanol, soit riche en eau), l'ampleur de la reduction de la tension interfaciale est moindre que lorsqu'il est ajoute a la phase dense (riche en eau ou riche en butanol) ou aux deux phases. Dans des conditions par ailleurs iden-tiques, lorsque le milieu riche en eau agit comme phase de gouttes, la tension interfaciale apparente est plus grande que lorsque c'est le milieu riche en butanol qui agit come phase de gouttes.


Abstract This article reflects on the position of people in, against and beyond information and communication technologies. Firstly, using Jandrić and Kuzmanić's work on digital postcolonialism, Raymond Williams's work on residual and emergent cultures, and Deleuze and Guattari's insights into the dynamics between territorialization, de-territorialization and re-territorialization, it develops a theoretical framework for inquiry into the hybrid identity of the contemporary university. Then, through critical discourse analysis (CDA), the article moves on to analyse the ways in which technology discourse resides in the dominating ideology of technological determinism and co-opts with neoliberal agendas by omitting humans from explicit mention in UK policy documents. It shows that true counter-hegemonic practice against dominating social practices is possible only through reinvigorating the central position of human beings in regards to information and communication technologies. Within the developed theoretical framework, it seeks openings to intervene subversively into current relationships between technologies, people, and (higher) education, and to identify opportunities for building a non-determinist identity of the contemporary university that reaches beyond the single-minded logic of techno-scientific development. In the process, it situates Paulo Freire's insights into critical pedagogy in the context of the network society, and places the relationships between human beings, language and information and communication technologies amongst central questions of today's (higher) education and society at large.


In this paper a survey on fault diagnosing techniques of electronic circuits are presented which are related mainly to industrial applications. Diagnozing the faults in circuit boards is very essential for achieving better reliability and easy maintainance of electronic systems. The circuit fault finding diagnosis is treated as the pattern recognition case and uses machine learning methodology. Increasing integration densities in advanced chips and high frequency of operation lead to subtle manifestation of faults in circuits of board level. Fault diagnosis by functional test is therefore necessary in place of structural test for board-level testing. Recent machine learning techniques use new algorithms to improve the success rate of functional fault diagnosis, reduces cost of product through successful servicing of circuits. Earlier methods of diagnosing fault using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Fuzzy logic were resulting in ambiguous or incorrect diagnostic results which take long time to debug and sometimes wrong repair actions, which significantly increase cost of servicing. Some key capabilities of these methods like capabilities of detecting, locating and identification of faults, the capabilities of detecting single or multiple faults, soft or hard faults, the capabilities of diagnosing linear or nonlinear circuits, etc are taken into account. Different classifications of fault diagnosis are reviewed. Various techniques for circuit fault diagnosis are also addressed in this paper. Survey on techniques of fault diagnosis provides a better insight for further research and application areas.


We present mid-infrared spectrophotometric observations of SS433 with ISOPHOT. The HeI+HeII lines in both spectra of SS433 and of the Wolf-Rayet star WR147, a wind-colliding WN8+BO5 binary system, closely match. The 2.5-12 micron continuum radiation is due to an expanding wind free-free emission in an intermediate case between optically thick and optically thin regimes. The inferred mass loss rate evaluation gives ~10^{-4} Msun/yr. Our results are consistent with a Wolf-Rayet-like companion to the compact object in SS433. A similar study for Cygnus X-3 confirms the Wolf-Rayet-like nature of its companion, although with a later WN type than previously suggested.


The aim of this study was to analyze pedaling asymmetry during a supramaximal test performed in different saddle positions. Twelve competitive cyclists were volunteers in this study. The experiment was performed on four different days, with an interval of 48 hours between them. On the first day, cyclists were submitted to an incremental maximal test to determine the aerobic variables and also to perform a familiarization with the supramaximal test. On subsequent days, cyclists performed, randomly, a 30-second Wingate test in three different saddle heights (upward, downward and reference position). The results show that preferred lower limb presented significantly higher peak torque values (p<0.05) compare to the non-preferred limb in the three saddle heights investigated. The data suggest that during supramaximal test preferred lower limb produced greater peak torque than non-preferred lower limb regardless of the saddle height.


Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of mesodermal origin, which among sarcomas, 10% to 20% are located in the retroperitoneum. The case presented shows a 50-year-old male patient who initially presented weight loss and abdominal pain in the left iliac fossa. A tumor mass of hardened consistency was palpated in virtually all the abdomen. An abdominal ultrasound and a computed tomography of the abdomen were performed and confirmed the tumor mass. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, with removal of bulky abdominal mass of greasy consistency. A histopathological study of the piece reported myxoid liposarcoma. Clinical and prognostic features, as well as oncologic outcomes, are well known in this group of patients. The patient has been in the outpatient clinic for 7 years without tumor recurrence. Computed tomography is the fundamental study for the diagnosis of imaging. The treatment of choice consists in an aggressive approach aiming the complete resection, which is a major predictor of local and distant recurrence and survival.


Abstract The system Li2O–TiO2–P2O5 is prepared in order to investigate the effect of heat and mechanical treatment on the conductivity. Mechanical milling (MM) method was used to prepare the system. The effects of sintering temperature and mechanical milling treatment on the system Li2O–TiO2–P2O5 have been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray differential analysis and laser particle sizer. Some crystalline phases with slight amorphous nature were detected in the highest conducting sample. The samples were sintered at several temperatures from 300 to 1000°C. The sample treated at 800°C obtained the smallest particle size of about 300 nm. The sample treated at 800°C and milled for 4 h obtained the highest conductivity with a value of 8·89 × 10–5 S cm–1. The activation energy was found to be as low as 0·075 eV.


Who should treat the patient with depression: the primary care clinician or a mental health specialist? Treatment by the general practitioner may be


In this thesis we try to discuss certain phenomenological aspects of an R-parity violating non-minimal supersymmetric model, called $\mu\nu$SSM. We show that $\mu\nu$SSM can provide a solution to the $\mu$-problem of supersymmetry and can simultaneously accommodate the existing three flavour global data from neutrino experiments even at the tree level with the simple choice of flavour diagonal neutrino Yukawa couplings. We show that it is also possible to achieve different mass hierarchies for light neutrinos at the tree level itself. In $\mu\nu$SSM, the effect of R-parity violation together with a seesaw mechanism with TeV scale right-handed neutrinos are instrumental for light neutrino mass generation. We also analyze the stability of tree level neutrino masses and mixing with the inclusion of one-loop radiative corrections. In addition, we investigate the sensitivity of the one-loop corrections to different light neutrino mass orderings. Decays of the lightest supersymmetric particle were also computed and ratio of certain decay branching ratios was observed to correlate with certain neutrino mixing angle. We extend our analysis for different natures of the lightest supersymmetric particle as well as with various light neutrino mass hierarchies. We present estimation for the length of associated displaced vertices for various natures of the lightest supersymmetric particle which can act as a discriminating feature at a collider experiment. We also present an unconventional signal of Higgs boson in supersymmetry which can lead to a discovery, even at the initial stage of the large hadron collider running. Besides, we show that a signal of this kind can also act as a probe to the seesaw scale. Certain other phenomenological issues have also been addressed.


Who is in need of evaluations of public research, technology and innovation policies? And why, for which purpose? Meta-evaluations of evaluation practices give evidence of an increasing production of evaluative information for public policymaking in the area of research and innovation (e.g. Georghiou 1995; Kuhlmann/Holland 1995; Kuhlmann/Heinze 2001). At the same time, experience shows that both the theory and practice of evaluation has undergone important developments over the past decade. In particular, in countries where evaluation has taken root fairly early, the following trends can be observed: • The major rationale for evaluations has shifted and evolved from an attempt to legitimate past actions and demonstrate accountability, to the need to improve understanding and inform future initiatives.


Ag particles with nanometer dimensions were generated reversibly in the presence of air within micronthick polymer films using electrochemical techniques. Crosslinked blend films of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) swollen with a methanolic electrolyte served as matrices for the electrochemical processes. These optically transparent films enabled the use of spectroelectrochemistry as a means to follow and control the particle formation process. Particle evolution during electrochemical cycling was monitored via optical detection of the characteristic surface plasmon signal exhibited by spherical Ag crystallites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of microtomed films samples provided further characterization of the electrogenerated metallic products. Silver ions bound to carboxylate groups of the polyacid were reduced producing metal nanoparticles, which were then oxidized, reforming the initial Ag(I) species. Cyclic voltammetry experiments yielded Ag nanoparticles as well as large metallic aggregates. However, the Ag aggregates were not susceptible to oxidation, limiting the reversibility of the metal formation process to a few reduction/oxidation cycles. Reversible formation of small Ag crystallites through at least 20 redox cycles was accomplished employing a galvanostatic method, which subjected the films to alternating pulses at a fixed current. Varying the amplitude of the applied current resulting in formation of crystallites with different sizes. Large currents yielded high voltages as well as small particles. On the other hand, small currents produced larger particles and low voltages. Optical and TEM measurements showed that the reversibility of the process was maintained only under conditions that generated Ag crystallites with average diameter less or equal than 5 nm. Interestingly, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylbenzidine was found to oxidize silver particles in solution. Hence, attempts were made to improve the particle oxidization process employing the benzidine as a redox mediator. Data obtained from films including benzidine as an electron relay will also be presented.


Obesity could be described as the New World Syndrome and some drugs that are clinically used in weight control, like sibutramine and orlistat, act on adult and children. Most Free Radicals (FR) are generated from normal metabolic reactions, and exogenous factors can decrease or increase them, for this reason is necessary the study of serotonergic system and neurochemical mechanisms on the central nervous system (CNS). Considering the importance of these issues in human beings, this paper reviews the updated knowledge of possible relation between obesity, free radicals, novel antiobesity molecules, insulin and common neurological disorders. Palabras clave: obesidad, insulina, desordenes neurologicos, sibutramina, orlistat, SNC.


The aim of this study was to improve the production homogeneity of freshwater prawn post larva by the addition of L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-Mg (AMP-Mg) in the water during rearing period. AMP-Mg was given to the water every three days with different concentrations of 0; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 mg/l. The density of larvae was 50 larvae/l. Larvae were fed Artemia and egg custard during rearing period. The results showed that AMP-Mg did not significantly influence larval metamorphose rate, post larvae percentage, and survival rate of prawn. However, AMP-Mg addition could improve homogeneity of post larvae production. The optimum AMP-Mg concentration was 0.5 mg/l.


The article centers on the celebration of Wenzhou Prefect He Wenyuan (1385–1457)'s moral integrity in a building called the "Lodge of Spurned Gold." Building on historian Ying Zhang's conception of late-Ming Confucian image politics, in which gentrymen and officials faced an "authenticity crisis," the article introduces a new concept, the "authenticity dilemma." A person faces an authenticity dilemma when his or her virtue is questioned precisely because it has been celebrated. The article shows that He rejected an illegal gift intended as a bribe, in a way that may have gone against social norms. The monument to his act accorded with orthodox encouragement of honesty in others, being based on celebrations of Han and Tang exemplars. Despite having clashed with bureaucratic colleagues and emperors, He won state recognition for his excellent service to the people of Wenzhou prefecture and until he was promoted to high office at court there was no question about his honesty. Yet his biographer worked hard to argue that He deserved the honors he won in Wenzhou, because changes in personnel policies and factional fighting meant that He was impeached at court for having "stolen a reputation," based on the building of the Lodge. On the model of the Lodge, a number of other officials, beginning with envoys sent overseas, were honored for their honesty with "Spurned-Gold Pavilions" (que jin ting 卻金亭). Their multiplication and painter Wen Zhengming's involvement further undermined He's reputation, sharpening the authenticity dilemma. As a result, earlier stories of He's life were reshaped to insist on his deep honesty, at the expense of historical details of the incident.


Immediately after President Bill Clinton signed the 1996 Telecommunications Reform Act, which included the Communications Decency Act—an attempt to censor the Internet of any obscene, indecent, or annoying communications—several of those opposing the Act initiated litigation to have the Act declared unconstitutional. These actions are the foundation for this study, a study that attempts to assess the perceptions of Internet users regarding the censorship of Internet-accessed material. Specifically, demographics of Internet users as well as estimates of their reported Internet usage per week were used to establish who, if anyone, feels the need for regulation of the Internet. Although essentially all Internet users in this study perceived the need for regulation of the Internet, it was those who used the Internet 6 or more hours per week that were more likely to see the need for regulation.


Discretisation with respect to time changes the heat conduction equation into a system of Helmholtz equations. An error introduced by such a simplification is investigated. For the inverse problems the constrains for a time step are considered in the case of two inaccurate internal responses. Nomographs helping to choose a proper time step for inverse problems with two internal responses are presented.


The utility model discloses a pile-column integrated type ground photovoltaic bracket, comprising at least two cross beams which are distributed at intervals and are parallel to each other. The top surfaces of the cross beams are fixedly connected with at least two tracks at intervals along the length direction of the cross beam; the connecting areas among the cross beams and all the tracks are provided with more than one track adjusting hole along the length direction of the cross beam; the cross beams are fixedly connected with the corresponding tracks at the track adjusting holes; all the tracks are parallel; at least two cross beams are connected with supporting bodies on the back surfaces; the supporting body comprises a stand column and a supporting rod which are vertical to each other; the upper parts of the stand columns and the cross beams are in up-and-down adjustable hinged connection; the stand columns are provided with preset hole areas which are arranged below the connected areas of the stand columns and the cross beams and are provided with at least two preset holes; the preset holes are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the stand column; and one ends of the supporting rods are hinged together with the stand columns at the preset hole areas of the stand columns, and the other ends are hinged with the cross beams.


The space shuttle main engine, full flow staged combustion, integrated modular engine concept, split expander, and expander bleed rocket engine cycles were studied for use on Single-Stage-to-Orbit fully reusable vehicles. The vehicle uses vertical take-off and horizontal landing and liquid hydrogen rockets for propulsion. The PROPSIZE computer code was modified for use on the available computers. Vehicle sizing was done after trajectory optimization for various engine designs. The various rocket engine cycles were compared and it was found that the full flow staged combustion cycle had the lowest vehicle dry mass. The split expander cycle could have advantages in safety and cooling which could make it the preferred choice in some cases. Comparison to previous work with two-stage heavy-lift vehicles showed that the same ranking of the cycles was found for both vehicle concepts.


Complex problems currently faced by society demand that universities should make radical changes including their inevitable integration, and integration into their social and economic environments. This paper presents a model of universities which are integrated, and engaged in innovation systems nation-, sector-, and territory-wide, starting from strategic considerations about innovative universities for an inclusive, sustainable development. Special emphasis is put on views on this matter held by Cuban universities, experiences gained by these, and their plans for the future. The results of the strategic planning for the 2012-2016 period, and studies conducted for a 2017-2021 strategic planning were taken as frames of reference. Finally, the recent process of structural integration of universities, with the exception of medical schools, there were in every Cuban province is examined, and its preliminary results, and challenges are shown.


A quasi-steady elastic-plastic sea ice dynamics model is introduced for long-term simulations. Tidal and inertial oscillations are removed by discarding the negligible inertia term. With this assumption the model is integrated using an implicit numerical scheme. Results are shown for a one-dimensional case. This approach eliminates the elastic waves that typically contaminate elastic-plastic simulations and allows the elastic-plastic constitutive law to be integrated over longer time periods, with the potential for being used effectively for climate dynamics studies.


Motor vehicle with a loading space closing flap (5), in particular a tailgate or a boot lid, which respectively between an open position and a closed position about a pivot axis (8) is movable, characterized in that at least one closing flap position sensor (11,12) coupled to is integrated cooperating drive means for loading the closing flap (5), so in the loading space closing flap (5), that the position of the loading space closing flap (5) is detected in the room.


It has been proved that creation of vacuum between the absorber and the cover of a solar collector is resulting in a substantial improvement in the collector efficiency due to reduction in the heat loss through convection ad conduction. In this work, the performance of evacuated tube collectors is investigated using TRNSYS simulation model. Different levels of concentrations have been considered in the simulation to predict the power generation. The simulation results showed that the thermal performance of evacuated tube collectors with high concentration ratio can provide a good improvement to the receiver output.


According to some practical instance, the author analyzes the importance of patent information resources, and discusses what affects its exploitation. At last, the author brings forward some development countermeasures.


A nonlinear supervised learning model, the Specialized Mappings Architecture (SMA), is described and applied to the estimation of human body pose from monocular images. The SMA consists of several specialized forward mapping functions and an inverse mapping function. Each specialized function maps certain domains of the input space (image features) onto the output space (body pose parameters). The key algorithmic problems faced are those of learning the specialized domains and mapping functions in an optimal way, as well as performing inference given inputs and knowledge of the inverse function. Solutions to these problems employ the EM algorithm and alternating choices of conditional independence assumptions. Performance of the approach is evaluated with synthetic and real video sequences of human motion.


Control of trace inorganics and an understanding of reaction kinetics and impurity generation proved critical in allowing safe and reliable scale-up of a high-temperature Claisen reaction in support of multikilogram manufacture of a key chromene intermediate 4. Implementation of a Medicinal Chemistry route allowed for rapid early phase delivery of 1 to support early clinical studies.


Introduction: Nosocomial infection usually occurs 48 hours after being admitted to hospital and a variety of bacteria are involved in the occurrence of these infections. The highest rates of nosocomial infection in intensive care are allocated between different segments. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit. Methods: The study was done in intensive care unit (ICU) in hospital in Sanandaj, in 2012-13 in patients that were hospitalized more than 48 hour based on CDC definition of nosocomial infection. Causative bacteria were isolated and identified with standard


Among the current interests in organic synthesis are those reactions performing multiple C-C bond formation, in special when they undergo under catalytic conditions. Due to its properties, there is a growing interest on the use of compressed fluids (CF) as solvent media in catalytic processes. In this context, we present herein studies that aim to the development of a cleaner technology for the preparation of cyclopentane derivatives by using the single step catalytic carbonylative cycloaddition, developed in our laboratory, using CO2-expanded solvents instead of conventional liquid solvent media. In particular we have studied the effect of total pressure and carbon monoxide partial pressure over the yield of the reaction. This is a very efficient reaction, because at least three C-C bonds are achieved in a single operation in order to generate a cyclopentane derivate. The cyclopentane skeleton is present in numerous natural products, many of them bioactive.


Rabbit is a promising model for studying myocardial infarction as several physiological and pathological conditions are resemble to humans. However, the information on establishment of rabbit pluripotent stem cells (PSC) and differentiation potential especially cardiac differentiation in this species has been limited. This research aimed at establishing and examining in vitro cardiogenesis of rabbit embryonic stem cells (ESC) and rabbit induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In experiment 1, four cell lines of ESC derived from blastocyst stage embryos were cultured and characterized for their pluripotency in terms of gene and immunohistochemistry. They exhibited normal karyotypes (n=44). Embryoid body (EB) formation was conducted to study in vitro differentiation potential. The EB formation induced cell differentiation into three germ layers including mesodermal lineages (Brachyury (BT)) and cardiac progenitor (NKX2.5 and GATA4). Two candidate housekeeping genes (RPL13a and GAPDH) were examined for its stability during 7 days of culture. The results indicated that these two genes were similar stability during EB culture (P>0.05). BT spontaneously upregulated to the highest level on day 2 of EB culture compared with undifferentiated ESC and EB on day 3 (P<0.05). BMP-4 significantly upregulated mesoderm marker BT on day 2 and cardiac progenitor marker NKX2.5 on day 3 and 5 of differentiation comparing with control group (without BMP-4) (P<0.05). It enhanced a number of NKX2.5, FLK1 and cardiac troponin-T positive cells on day 5 and 7, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, rabbit ESC retained capability of cardiac differentiation, while BMP-4 significantly promoted cardiac differentiation in terms of gene and protein expressions (P<0.05). In experiment 2, three cell lines rabbit iPSC were generated by reprogramming rabbit embryonic fibroblasts using the 4 transcription factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-Myc). All iPSC cell lines expressed genes (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and NANOG) and proteins (alkaline phosphatase, OCT3/4 and SSEA-4) essentially described for pluripotency. They demonstrated in vitro differentiation potential by forming embryoid body (EB) and gene and protein expression related three-germ layer. However, ability of individual cell lines and cell numbers at seeding markedly influenced on EB formation. The cell density at 20,000 cells per EB was selected for cardiac differentiation. The differentiated cells expressed cardiac progenitor marker Flk1 (51?1.48%) on day 5. Cardiac troponin-T protein (10.29?1.37%) and other cardiac marker genes (cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2), ?-actinin and PECAM1) were expressed on day 14. Moreover, cardiac beating areas were observed on day 11 of culture. This study concluded that rabbit iPSC remained their in vitro pluripotency with capability of differentiation into mature-phenotype cardiomyocytes. However, the efficiency of cardiac differentiation is still restricted. In conclusion, these studies demonstrated that rabbit iPSC and ESC have capacity to differentiate toward cardiac fate via 3D-structure embryoid body. BMP-4 enhanced gene expressions of cardiac mesoderm BT and cardiac progenitor NKX2.5. BMP-4 treated EB upregulated cardiac progenitor marker positive cells (Flk1) and cardiac marker troponin-T positive when compared with controls. These findings highlight the possibility to generate mature cardiomyocytes from rabbit iPSC and ESC for further use. However, other factors of cardiac differentiation should be further examined in order to improve its efficiency.


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Objective To study the effects of SrCaP-coated Mg alloy ZK60 on murine preosteoblast functions of adherence, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro.Methods SrCaP-coated Mg alloy ZK60 were prepared as the experiment goup, ZK60 and Titanium alloy were used as the control groups.The features of SrCaP-coated Mg alloy ZK60 surface were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM).The effects of materials on adherence, proliferation and differentiation of murine MC3T3-E1 cells were observed by SEM, fluorescence microscope, MTT test and p-NPP assay.Results The results of SEM showed that a rough and porous surface morphology was formed on the coating of ZK60 alloy, and more adherent cells and larger spreading areas were observed on the surfaces of SrCaP-Coated Mg Alloy ZK60 than that on control groups.Maximum nomber of viable cells on SrCaP-Coated Mg Alloy ZK60 group at 24 h after culture were found by live/dead cell staining.MTT test showed that cell proliferation in SrCaP-coated Mg alloy group after 5 days' culture with alloy extracts was significantly higher than that in titanium alloy group (P0.05), 7 d later, p-NPP activity assay demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level of the MC3T3-E1 in SrCaP-coated Mg alloy group was much higher than that in control groups (P0.05).Conclusion The SrCaP-coated Mg alloy ZK60 could improve the early adherence, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of murine preosteoblast in vitro.


The alumina-supported anion cluster Al+[H3RuOs3(CO)12]– was formed by heating [H2RuOs3(CO)13] absorbed on γ-Al2O3 to 373–473 K under an H2+ CO atmosphere; the material is catalytically active for ethylene hydrogenation at 340 K and for but-1-ene isomerization at 330 K.