Introduction Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is a highly effective treatment providing pain relief and improved function to patients experiencing advanced stage osteoarthritis. Tray fit or bone coverage is a critical design feature for both cemented and cementless designs affecting stability, load transfer and potential for infection. Many authors have attempted to characterise the relationship between the profile of the proximal tibia and gender and ethnicity 1–3 . As a consequence, a number of manufacturers have commercialised devices designed for specific gender and racial demographics. This study was initiated to compare the effect of the fixed minimum tibial resection depth prescribed by existing surgical instruments with that of a proportionate resection based on the size of the tibia. Method A dataset consisting of 30 donor scans from a US cadaver tissue bank (ScienceCare, Memphis, US) was used for this study. The dataset consisted of 12 male and 18 female specimens. Due to the limited view of the diaphysis for most scans, the natural slope of the lateral compartment was used as a guide for orienting the resection. All scans were resected with a 3° posterior slope. For the first part of this study, an equal mediolateral (ML) resection of 9.5 mm, reflecting the minimum resection for the Unity TKR tibia (Corin, UK), was performed on all specimens (Figure 1). Following this, two proportionate resection depths (13.5 mm and 6.7 mm) were calculated based on the ML relationship between the smallest and largest available Unity components (59.5 mm: 84.5 mm). Two further resection depths (11.3 mm and 8.0 mm) were calculated based on a mid size (71.0 mm). Three resection depths (8.0 mm, 9.5 mm & 11.3 mm) were applied to four medium sized specimens. In addition to this two larger specimens were resected at 9.5 mm and 13.5 mm and two smaller specimens at 6.7 mm and 9.5 mm. A grid was applied to all cut surfaces and oriented using the posterior axis. The cut surface was divided based on lines drawn at 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% of the overall ML dimension and 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% of the overall anteroposterior (AP) dimension. Measurements were taken from the medial side and recorded from the points at which lines intersected the external profile of the cut tibia (Figure 2). Results Results were presented as percentages relative to the AP and ML enabling the generation of 2D curve plots of the proposed profile (Figure 3). Discussion Results from the fixed resection (9.5 mm) data depicted a good trend (R 2 = 0.71–0.72) for the progression of the anterior profile as the tibia size increases. Similarly as the resection depth increased the same trend was observed. A weaker trend of R 2 = 0.5 was also evident for the posterior profile. This methodology was applied to the development of the Unity tibia size range to optimise bone coverage and strain distribution.


Leakage of oesophagojejunostomy is a severe complication of total gastrectomy. We present a technique allowing preoperative preservation of a defective oesophagojejunostomy: this technique involves closure of the cervical esophagus with stapler, double-lumen transanastomotic tube, mediastinal drainage and feeding jejunostomy.


Given a fixed $k$ $\in$ $\mathbb{Z}^+$ and $\lambda$ $\in$ $\mathbb{Z}^+$, the objective of a $\lambda$-$L(k, k-1, \ldots, 2, 1)$-labeling of a graph $G$ is to assign non-negative integers (known as labels) from the set $\{0, \ldots, \lambda-1\}$ to the vertices of $G$ such that the adjacent vertices receive values which differ by at least $k$, vertices connected by a path of length two receive values which differ by at least $k-1$, and so on. The vertices which are at least $k+1$ distance apart can receive the same label. The smallest $\lambda$ for which there exists a $\lambda$-$L(k, k-1, \ldots, 2, 1)$-labeling of $G$ is known as the $L(k, k-1, \ldots, 2, 1)$-labeling number of $G$ and is denoted by $\lambda_k(G)$. The ratio between the upper bound and the lower bound of a $\lambda$-$L(k, k-1, \ldots, 2, 1)$-labeling is known as the approximation ratio. In this paper a lower bound on the value of the labeling number for square grid is computed and a formula is proposed which yields a $\lambda$-$L(k, k-1, \ldots, 2, 1)$-labeling of square grid, with approximation ratio at most $\frac{9}{8}$. The labeling presented is a no-hole one, i.e., it uses each label from $0$ to $\lambda-1$ at least once.


Solar energy, amongst all renewable energies, has attracted inexhaustible attention all over the world as a supplier of sustainable energy. The energy requirement of major seawater desalination processes such as multistage flash (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO) are fulfilled by burning fossil fuels, which impact the environment significantly due to the emission of greenhouse gases. The integration of solar energy systems into seawater desalination processes is an attractive and alternative solution to fossil fuels. This study aims to (i) assess the progress of solar energy systems including concentrated solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic (PV) to power both thermal and membrane seawater desalination processes including MSF, MED, and RO and (ii) evaluate the economic considerations and associated challenges with recommendations for further improvements. Thus, several studies on a different combination of seawater desalination processes of solar energy systems are reviewed and analysed concerning specific energy consumption and freshwater production cost. It is observed that although solar energy systems have the potential of reducing carbon footprint significantly, the cost of water production still favours the use of fossil fuels. Further research and development on solar energy systems are required to make their use in desalination economically viable. Alternatively, the carbon tax on the use of fossil fuels may persuade desalination industries to adopt renewable energy such as solar.


This paper uses analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to analyze the regulation for teachers' teaching skills and establishes the related evaluation indicator system and the weight of the factors.


is calculated a linear function of differences of the quadratic power of the angular velocities of the wheels of the first and second pairs of wheels of a motor vehicle, respectively, and are drawn from the position of the function value with respect to at least one predetermined value, an indication of the presence of a tire under inflated on one of the axles. Advantageously, this function is first criterion (CR1) detection and combining the information provided by this first criterion with those from a second criterion (CR2) responsive to the axle comprising at least one tire under inflated for detecting the position of a tire is under-inflated and estimating the importance of the underinflation.


This essay focuses on public authorities utilising the notion of 'neighbourhood identity' for guidance in city making. It was born of a twofold fascination: in both Switzerland and France, the concept of 'neighbourhood' is omnipresent in urban policymaking and town planning projects, albeit with constantly shifting meanings, such that the extent of its influence might be surprising. In both Switzerland and France, the neighbourhood seems to be the scale by which a specific type of anchoring is understood, which deserves special treatment in terms of identity. I am interested in the tactical use of such categories (to the extent that they may be a means to an end) within the framework of a strategic moment of city making: the urban project.


Significance Lithium metal batteries are capable of revolutionizing the battery marketplace for electrical vehicles. They are, however, plagued by the reactive Li metal–electrolyte interface and growth of Li dendrites on cycling, which pose concerns to both cell performance and safety. We demonstrate that a Li metal negative electrode can be stabilized by a hybrid inorganic/organic membrane that is grown directly onto it. A solid electrolyte phase offers percolated Li+-ion–conducting channels and the infiltration of an elastic polymer endows membrane flexibility to accommodate volume changes. The protected electrode allows Li deposition/stripping with 95.8% efficiency and stable operation of an electrochemical cell for 2,000 cycles. This rationally structured membrane represents an interface engineering approach toward stabilized Li metal electrodes. Lithium metal batteries are capable of revolutionizing the battery marketplace for electrical vehicles, owing to the high capacity and low voltage offered by Li metal. Current exploitation of Li metal electrodes, however, is plagued by their exhaustive parasitic reactions with liquid electrolytes and dendritic growth, which pose concerns to both cell performance and safety. We demonstrate that a hybrid membrane, both elastic and Li+-ion percolating, can stabilize Li plating/stripping with high Coulombic efficiency. The compact packing of a Li+ solid electrolyte phase offers percolated Li+-conducting channels and the consequent infiltration of an elastic polymer endows membrane flexibility to accommodate volume changes. The protected electrode allows Li plating with 95.8% efficiency for 200 cycles and stable operation of an LTO|Li cell for 2,000 cycles. This rationally structured membrane represents an interface engineering approach toward stabilized Li metal electrodes.


OBJECTIVE
To testify the effect of voice therapy methods for the glottal dysraphism patient with functional voice disorder.

METHOD
The subject was a 62 year old man, who had been diagnosed as functional voice disorder of glottal dysraphism. The main therapy was voice training, with normalized noise energy (NNE) as the assessment and monitoring parameter of the voice function. The datum of the baseline period and the treatment period were collected, and were analyzed with A-B Single-Subject Design in statistics.

RESULT
NNE had been significantly decreased (P < 0.01) through the systematical voice training.

CONCLUSION
Voice training had been the effective therapy for the glottal dysraphism patient with functional voice disorder.


The exponentially growing markets of liquefied natural gas (LNG) require efficient pro - cesses for LNG regasification within import terminals. Usually, the regasification of LNG is accomplished by direct or indirect heating. However, integrating LNG regasification into different processes within industrial parks (mainly processes involving low temper -atures) is an efficient approach because of the utilization of the low-temperature energy. In some LNG import terminals, integration technologies are already being used. Previous publications showed an increase in the thermodynamic efficiency for systems combin - ing air separation (as an example) and LNG regasification. In addition, the variation in the efficiency as well as the capital investment depends on the schematic and operation conditions. This fact creates great potential for improving the systems. In this chapter, different schematics are evaluated using exergy-based methods in order to improve the effectiveness of complex industrial processes that can involve LNG regasification.


We prove that the pullback of the SU(n)-soliton of Chern class $c_2=1$ over $\mathbb S^4$ via the radial projection $\pi:\mathbb B^5\setminus\{0\}\to\mathbb S^4$ minimizes the Yang-Mills energy under the fixed boundary trace constraint. In particular this shows that stationary Yang-Mills connections in high dimension can have singular sets of codimension 5.


The thesis explored the ratification process for the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in Cyprus. It used a Foucauldian discursive analytic approach, semi-structured interviews with 23 stakeholders and documentary analysis. The research revealed the ratification process was a complex cultural process. It also showed that the relationship between the Cypriot Government and DPOs was an important factor


The invention relates to a device and method for separating undissolved constituents out of biological fluids, in particular, for separating blood plasma out of whole blood. The aim of the invention is to enable a simple and economical separation of undissolved constituents out of biological fluids, in particular, blood plasma out of whole blood, whereby subsequently rendering the biological fluid as a pure volume of fluid that does not contain any carriers. To this end, the e.g. whole blood is introduced into a feed chamber. A membrane separates the feed chamber in an all-over manner from a sealed cavity having a small height. The cavity is connected to a flow channel or to an opening from which the separated blood plasma can be removed. The whole blood, which has been introduced as a biological fluid into a feed chamber (1), is transferred in an orthogonal direction through the membrane (2), which separates the biological fluid from the undissolved constituents, out of said membrane (2) and into a cavity (3) having a small height by using suction forces, pressure forces, capillary forces and/or the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid column and, from there, the blood is transferred into a volume as a pure fluid. Inside the cavity (3), another transfer membrane (5) can be arranged, which transfers the biological fluid in a lateral direction to the flow channel (4) or to the opening and which has a higher capillary force effect than that of the membrane (2) that only separates, and this transfer membrane can be flatly brought into contact with the separating membrane (1).


ABSTRACT Pseudoscorpiones is a mesodiverse order of Arachnida, with more than 3600 described species in the world. Species delimitation is sometimes difficult due to the high variability of some characters, difficulty in finding informative and useful characters for species differentiation and the subjectivity of individual specialists. The aim of this work is to explore and to evaluate the role of morphometric characters in species delimitation within the genus Apolpium (Olpiidae). Measurements of 17 structures of 57 individuals were taken and their length/width ratios calculated. Cluster analyses, principal components analyses, discriminant function analyses and non-metric multidimensional scaling were carried out. The results showed low resolution for the number of species currently recognised in the genus. These results highlight the importance of looking for other morphological characters, and also for a more rigorous assessment of previously used characters for defining species.


[Objective] To study the high-level expression of chitosanase(EC.220.127.116.11)(csn) from Aspergillus fumigatus.[Method] Chitosanase gene was optimized according to the codon bias of Pichia pastoris,and then the full-length csn gene was amplified through successive extension PCR,a recombinant plasmid pPIC9k-csn was constructed,linearized and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115.The expression of recombinant protein was analyzed,its enzyme activity was determined,and the components of its enzymatic digestion products were analyzed.[Result] The high-expression of codon-optimized chitosanase gene was realized,and the recombinant chitosanase activity reached was almost 20 times as much as the chitosanase from wild-type strain Aspergillums fumigates.[Conclusion] The study successfully realizes the high-level expression of chitosanase gene from Aspergillums fumigates,laying a foundation for the industrialized production of chitosanase.


Sir Kenneth Keith backgrounds New Zealand's unsuccessful attempt to reopen its earlier case against French nuclear testing and speculates on the Court's likely response to the requests before it. The author begins by outlining the several occasions on which the International Court of Justice has addressed issues relating to nuclear weapons, then considers the processes followed by the Court on these occasions. He speculates on the possible role of the Court in facing such issues and the possible response to requests for advisory opinions then before the Court. The article also includes a comment on the Japanese case Shimoda v. Japan. Abstract by Juliet Bull


The Pipe-in-Pipe model (PiP) is well established as a tool for predicting vibration from underground railways. It is being progressively enhanced to include details of foundations and soil inhomogeneity . The present paper gives an example of a fast and convenient method for evaluating the effect of piled and raft foundations on the vibration levels transmitted into buildings near railways. The paper also demonstrates the capability of the PiP software to examine the sources of uncertainty in models used to predict vibration from underground railways. By varying the nature of the foundation the vibration levels predicted by the model vary significantly, often by 10dB or more. The frequencies and positions at which these uncertainties occur are hard to predict reinforcing the view that it is not good practice to rely on prediction models for accuracy better than 10dB.


SUBTITLE: THE MARKET FOR BULK MATERIAL HANDLING GRABS APPEARS TO BE QUIET AT THE MOMENT, BUT THE LEADING GRAB MANUFACTURERS ARE STILL BATTLING AWAY BY PRODUCING MORE EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY PRODUCTS.


A smart concept for micro-nano-integration based on a new bonding technique between nano-scaled, modified Black Silicon (BSi) and an adapted, unfired Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) substrate (BGK) is presented. The novel technique combines advantages of silicon and ceramic technology. Current bonding concepts of silicon on ceramics need joining materials like solders, adhesives or glass frits. Alternatively, silicon components can be mounted to a TCE-matched and fired LTCC substrate using anodic bonding, which requires expensive surface preparation such as polishing. This step is eliminated by the use of the new technique. During a standard lamination process a self-organized, nanostructured, grass-like silicon surface is joined with the green ceramic tape. Pressure assisted sintering allows the cofiring of the laminate. Dense contact between the Black Silicon surface and the ceramic is achieved by optimization of the nano-interface and the lamination procedure. Hermeticity and gas-tightness of the interface are given.


Abstract A class of static boundary value problems of thermoelasticity is effectively solved for bodies bounded by coordinate surfaces of generalized cylindrical coordinates ρ, α, 𝑧 (ρ, α are orthogonal curvilinear coordinates on the plane and 𝑧 is a linear coordinate). Besides in the Cartesian system of coordinates some boundary value thermoelasticity problems are separately considered for a rectangular parallelepiped. An elastic body occupying the domain Ω = {ρ 0 < ρ < ρ 1, α 0 < α < α 1, 0 < 𝑧 < 𝑧1}, is considered to be weakly transversally isotropic (the medium is weakly transversally isotropic if its nine elastic and thermal characteristics are correlated by one or several conditions) and non-homogeneous with respect to 𝑧.


ABSTRACT While there is a growing empirical literature on victimization in the virtual world, limited scholarship has examined the potentially overlapping relationship between cyberstalking victimization and face-to-face sexual victimization. The current study uses data from a sample of 7,109 middle and high school students in South Korea to investigate the extent to which the overlap exists between cyberstalking victimization and face-to-face sexual victimization. Additionally, we examine whether the two forms of victimization are the outcome of the same underlying mechanisms. The results from bivariate probit models show a significant degree of overlap between cyberstalking victimization and face-to-face sexual victimization. Being a female, a high level of parental strain, and a high level of school disorder are significantly associated with the joint occurrence of the two forms of victimization. Our findings highlight the importance of crime prevention policies that focus on familial and school factors.


iii ABSTRACT Enhanced Detection of Induced Fluorescence from Residual Radioactive Materials by Craig-Alan Crawford Bias Dr. Kenneth Czerwinski, Committee Chair Associate Professor of Chemistry University of Nevada, Las Vegas Radiation detection is often is hampered by signal losses and noise. Conversion of decay particle energy to photons by scintillation, or induction of emissions from fluorescent materials by laser excitation, offers improved signal-to-noise ratios and the possibility of remote detection. This dissertation investigates the enhancement of induced fluorescence afforded by the application of scintillator-loaded polymer films to a radioactive material and of silanol ligand solutions to a fluorescent material. Prompt ultraviolet fluorescence from barium fluoride (BaF2)-loaded polymer films was induced by exposure to a Tc source and measured by scintillation counting. Scintillation photons suffer less attenuation in media than do the Tc beta particles and occur in a region of negligible solar background. Films with BaF2 loaded between 0 and 80% were drawn to thicknesses between 508 and 1270 μm. BaF2 crystals, from 0.25 and 5 μm diameter as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), are significantly likely to scatter ultraviolet scintillations, thereby increasing the potential for photon absorption by EVA with a resulting decrease in detectable yield. Scintillation intensity was maximized in thin films (102 μm dry thickness) with high loading (80% by mass).


While the Gattilusio lordships formed a zone of intersection for a varied range of larger networks, they also constituted a small network in their own right. The movements and enterprises of traders and marauders form a web of interactions spreading outwards from the lordships themselves. The pattern of these activities was both influenced by and an influence upon the relations between the lordships and other groups in the Aegean and the wider Mediterranean. It illuminates both commonalities and differences between the different components of the Gattilusio network. The Gattilusio lordships were both fragmented and integrated by geography. In common with normal Genoese practice, and increasingly that of Byzantium also, the political structure of the Gattilusio lordships was essentially an associative one. It was managed through cooperation between the leading members of a family rather than forming an organizational structure based on formal hierarchical institutions.Keywords: Aegean World; Byzantium; commercial activity; family relationships; Gattilusio lordships; political structure


Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a complex system that consists of resource types such as vehicles, humans, and sensors. Although the Internet of Vehicles is complex, it improvises communication among vehicles on the roads. Quality of service (QoS) enabled the cooperative driving system (CDS) based on 5G technology, enabling vehicles to communicate and cooperate to improve road traffic efficiency. Due to the high vehicle density and limited resources (bandwidth) of current network infrastructure, sometimes a better channel that meets the requirements of cooperative driving is not available that causes network congestion, which directly influences the overall QoS of the CDS. To overcome this, we proposed a 5G network-based architecture for CDS that incorporates a D2D technology-based resource allocation scheme. The proposed network architecture and cooperative behavior-based scheme helps in improving QoS for CDS. We implemented our proposed scheme by incorporating the density-based scattered clustering algorithm with noise for vehicular clustering. The proposed scheme's performance shows significant improvement in terms of throughput compared with existing D2D approaches.


In diabetes and aging long-lived proteins such as collagen are non- enzymatically modified by reducing sugars. The major initial product is a fructose- In the subsequent Maillard reactions, products known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed and accumulates with age. Glycation may also be modulated by sugar oxidation through reactive dicarbonyl compounds and transitional cathions may accelerate this process. A hydrazine compound, aminoguanidine has been shown to inhibit the characteristic changes in diabetes and in the same time reduce the formation of AGEs. In our work we revealed an activation by Cu 2+ and an inhibition by aminoguanidine on fluorescent AGEs formation following collagen glycation with ribose.


Although consumers often encounter ads for familiar brands, previous advertising interference studies have used ads for low-familiarity brands. The authors focus on brand familiarity's role in increasing ad memorability and moderating competitive interference. They conducted a factorial experiment varying the familiarity of brands featured in test and competing ads. With differences in ad executions, prior exposure, processing objectives, and exposure time experimentally controlled, subjects displayed substantially better recall of new product information for familiar brands. Their findings suggest that established brands have important advantages in advertising: Consumers should be more likely to recall ad information, and their memory should be less affected by exposure to competitors' ads. The authors conclude with implications for the marketing of new and mature brands.


Zinc-chromium coating was complex treated using an organic silicon sol so as to improve its performance and extend its application filed. Thus the effect of the complex treatment of the coating by the organic silicon sol was investigated, based on a comparative study of the performance of the Zn-Cr coatings before and after the complex treatment using neutral salt-fog corrosion test, sulfur dioxide corrosion test, acidic medium corrosion test, flowing water spraying erosion test, and measurement of the coating hardness and adhesion strength. It was found that the complex treatment of the coating contributed to greatly increasing its corrosion resistance in neutral and acidic mediums, the resistance to flowing water erosion, and the hardness of the Zn-Cr coating. This makes it feasible to extend the application field of the Zn-Cr coating.


We explore the potential of Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) such as NANOGrav, EPTA, and PPTA to detect the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) in theories of massive gravity. In General Relativity, the function describing the dependence of the correlation between the arrival times of signals from two pulsars on the angle between them is known as the Hellings-Downs curve. We compute the analogous overlap reduction function for massive gravity, including the additional polarization states and the correction due to the mass of the graviton, and compare the result with the Hellings-Downs curve. The primary result is a complete analytical form for the analog Hellings-Downs curve, providing a starting point for future numerical studies aimed at a detailed comparison between PTA data and the predictions of massive gravity. We study both the massless limit and the stationary limit as checks on our calculation, and discuss how our formalism also allows us to study the impact of massive spin-2 dark matter candidates on data from PTAs.


Recognising the importance of exploring multimodal experiences of information, this paper provides a detailed examination of the scope of visual research methods within information practices research. More specifically, the paper will use the examples from one completed study (Lloyd and Wilkinson, 2017) and one ongoing study (Hicks, in progress) to discuss and provide a detailed examination of the use, affordances and limitations of two research methods that centre upon participant-created photographs: photo-elicitation and photovoice. Demonstrating that the use of photographs helps to evoke and communicate complex meaning as well as to mediate between linguistic, temporal and spatial constraints, this study highlights the continuing need to develop research methods that privilege participants' understandings and perspectives.


The Solar System's host of planetary bodies includes many ice-covered ocean worlds: Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto at Jupiter; and Enceladus, Dione, and Titan at Saturn being the best studied of these. The emerging study of these ocean worlds promises to reveal geodynamic and chemical processes that do not occur on Earth, but which may be common in moons and planets around other stars. Laboratory investigations, coupled with improved computational capabilities, are advancing the ability to predict the properties of these ocean worlds in a self-consistent way. These forward models can serve the science planning for exploration mission concepts (e.g., NASA's Europa Clipper and Dragonfly, and ESA's JUpiter ICy moon Explorer), which are set to reveal the nature of their surface geologic features, the dynamics of their icy lithospheres, and transport processes in their oceans.


Introduction: Elevated narcissism in young people often sets up a cascade of interpersonal and mental health challenges which needs to understand its concomitants. This study aimed to explain the structural model of narcissism based on early trauma, family function and perceived parenting styles with the mediating role of perfectionism.
Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 20-45 year-old males and females referring to psychological clinics of Tehran in 2018-19. A sample of 350 people was also selected using convenience sampling method. Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the McMaster family assessment device, and Perceptions of Parents Scale (POPS) were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis using SPSS-22 software and structural equation modeling was used by Amos-24 doftware. The level of significant was (p<0.05).
Results: Comparative Fit index (CFI) was 0.923, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and Incremental Fit Index (IFI) was appropriate; since it exceeded 0.90. Also, the Root Mean Square Error Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.075 was in the acceptable range. Based on the path findings, the fitted model showed a positive impact of early life trauma on perfectionism (p<0.01, β= 0.12), the functioning of the family (p<0.01, β= 0.21), and the style of parenting (β= 0.29, p<0.01). Narcissism had a positive impact on family functioning (p<0.01, β = 0.40) directly from early life trauma (p <0.01, β = 0.18).
Conclusion: As the experience of trauma increases early in life, the likelihood of developing perfectionist tendencies increases. This indicates that the better the parenting style and the better the family functioning, the lower the level of perfectionism.


In a technological society such as the current one, in which there is a growing volume of data, it is essential to organize them in such a way that information can be extracted with which to make decisions. For this reason, this work shows, as from the scattered data in a forest conservation context, they can be organized in a way that allows extracting information with which to optimize the resources destined to apply optimal preventive measures to minimize the risk of fire in our forests. For this reason, the creation of a database structure is proposed, which organizes and provides the necessary coherence for the objectives pursued by the department of forest conservation and fire prevention of the Mediterranean government. Additionally, the necessary procedures will be shown so that higher level programmers can interact with the system in a transparent manner. The result of the present work is the result of the effort of many days. I believe that it complies with the requirements and I hope that it serves as an example of the importance of having a proper data storage and processing system for making decisions that improve the quality of life of our society.


A study of 81 childhood lymphomas diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of Pahlavi University Medical Center, Shiraz, Iran, encompassing all histologically diagnosed childhood lymphomas from the Fars Province, Southern Iran over a 14‐year period (1963‐1976) revealed a 3:1 male predominance and a 1:4 frequency compared to adult lymphomas. Peripheral lymphadenopathy at the initial physical examination was almost twice as common as deep node involvement. Comparison of cumulative and age‐standardized (to world population) incidence rates with those of selected Tumor Registries in various continents revealed a higher rate in our region of both non‐Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma relative to some of the Western countries. Our incidence rates were in general intermediate between Western populations on one hand and some South American, African and Asian populations on the other. Hodgkin's disease accounted for 64% (males) and 88% (females) of lymphomas and mixed cellularity was the commonest histologic subtype. Histologically almost all non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas were diffuse at the time of diagnosis.


The submerged arc welding machine broadly use in the industries for the material joining process. Penetration, bead width, reinforcement, tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness are some output parameters that define the quality of the weld. Arc current, feed rate, travel speed, electrode diameter, voltage, stick out, and angle of the electrode are input parameters of the SAW process. Many researchers optimize process parameters according to their requirements. This paper covers the effect of different input parameters on weld quality from different research papers. In this paper, study the effect of microstructure, heat-affected zone, and heat input on the weld joint. After analysis of all research papers, observes how parameters affect weld bead geometry and mechanical properties. And how to weld quality can be controlled in the SAW process.


∂u ∂tα = ∆pu+ μu (1− kJ ∗ u)− γu, (x, t) ∈ R × (0,+∞) with 0 < α < 1, β, μ, k > 0, N ≤ 2 and ∆pu = div(|▽u| ▽ u). Under appropriate assumptions on J and the conditions of 1 < p < 2, it is proved that for any nonnegative and bounded initial conditions, the problem has a global bounded classical solution if k = 0 for N = 1 or k = (μC GN + 1)η −1 for N = 2, where CGN is the constant in Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality. With further assumptions on the initial datum, for small μ values, the solution is shown to converge to 0 exponentially or locally uniformly as t → ∞, which is referred as the Allee effect in sense of Caputo derivative. Moreover, under the condition of J ≡ 1, it is proved that the nonlinear NTFPLRDE has a global bounded solution in any dimensional space with the nonlinear p-Laplacian diffusion terms ∆pu m (2− 2 N < m ≤ 3).


The current transformations in rural societies generated by globalization, affect the interactions of the different social actors located in the rural context. The new relations affect territorial configuration, the way in which urban and rural inhabitants perceive the socio-cultural and economic production of the territory. These aspects lead to thinking about emergent ruralities, where pluriactivity and multifunctionality trascend the local and regional context, in order to warn new territorial dynamics within diversity.


The invention discloses a flower forcing method for potted clivia miniata. The method comprises: individually spraying mixed solution of monopotassium phosphate solution and 6-benzyladenine on clivia miniata leaf surfaces at the seedling age of 10-12 months, wherein the concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is 3 mg/L, the concentration of the 6-benzyladenine is 10 mg/L-40 mg/L, the spraying amount is 200 ml/plant, and the spraying frequency is once every month. According to the flower forcing method, the flowering period of clivia miniata plantlets can be shifted earlier by 3-6 months, the flower formation rate is improved by 50%, and the annual flower production of an individual plant is higher than 18 flowers. Moreover, the flower forcing method provided by the invention further has the advantages of high speed, environmental protection, low cost, high efficiency and the like, and can promote wide application of a clivia miniata tissue culture technology.


E.JUDSON Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 firstname.lastname@example.com D. SAWADA University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, Canada email@example.com The purpose of this study was to determine if reformed science and math courses at community colleges and the university were impacting education majors as they began a teaching career. The reformed courses, in contrast to typical lecture classes, implemented inquiry-based methods that emphasized deep understanding of fundamental science and math concepts. Trained evaluators, utilizing the Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP) gathered a total of 86 classroom observations to gauge the level of reform that beginning teachers (one to three years' teaching experience) were implementing in grades 5-12. The pre-service experience of the beginning teachers varied from having had zero to four reform courses. Results indicated that teachers who had completed reform college courses instructed in a significantly more reformed manner. Furthermore, analysis of years of teaching experience revealed that, while both control and experimental groups achieved higher RTOP scores as they progressed from year to year, the experimental group significantly outpaced their counterparts. "At present, both pre-service and in-service teacher education can be characterized as incoherent and fragmented . . . . In neither are the practices organized to carry out the vision of standardsbased learning for all." [ 1] As highlighted in the quote above, there is a severe lack of continuity and coherence in the pre-service and in-service education of mathematics and science teachers. Attempting to conduct a controlled experiment to conclude whether the graduates of a particular institution teach in a manner more aligned with reformed pedagogy, as compared to graduates of other institutions, would only characterize the incoherence and discontinuity of the domains of preservice and in-service education. The Arizona Collaborative for Excellence in the Preparation of Teachers (ACEPT) believes it has made a small step toward bridging this gap. ACEPT has developed an ongoing formative evaluation that facilitates pre-service education, understanding the challenges faced by beginning teachers while making known to school districts the reforms being instituted at local colleges. In some cases, the two establishments have even partnered to


Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography(DHPLC) could be used to test the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and Insertion/Deletion(In Del) polymorphism markers, which would be applied for the rapid identification of diverse hybrid maize. In order to test the feasibility and reliability of DHPLC for molecular marker genotyping in maize(Zea mays), the DHPLC analysis on 10 hybrids and their parents were conducted. In this study, based on the information in maize genome database, two DNA fragments harboring multiple and informative SNPs were screened. PCR products of the two amplicons from all maize varieties were analyzed by DHPLC and DNA sequencing. We first analyzed the PCR product from C7-2 at the temperate predicted by Wave Marker software to obtain a homoduplex elution profile for the two fragments. The experimental results showed the software- predicted temperature was only suitable for theanalysis of homoduplex DNA for AmpⅡ. By analyzing the PCR product from C7-2 in 0.5 ℃ decrements over the range of predicted temperature for Amp Ⅰ, the optimal condition appropriate for the analysis of homoduplex DNA and other genotypes was obtained. Our results showed under the optimal separation condition, the two screened DNA fragments were polymorphic across hybrids with distinct DHPLC elution profiles produced. AmpⅠexhibited 3 different DHPLC elution profiles and AmpⅡproduced 7 types of elution profiles. Different DHPLC profiles could be detected and distinguished easily due to their significant differences in peak number and retention time. For each of the two DNA fragments, some samples showed nearly identical profiles, which had the same peak number and similar retention times. The sequencing results showed that the samples exhibiting nearly identical elution profiles harbor common sequence variants, and each sequence variant presented a unique elution profile for each of the two DNA fragments. It confirmed that the distinct DHPLC patterns corresponded to different DNA sequences. A set of distinct characteristic profiles in two DNA fragments could differentiated between 7 hybrids with at least a single profile pattern difference,except three varieties(C4, C87 and 6047 × 618) which had identical profiles. We also found that because hybrids displayed a characteristic pattern of DHPLC elution profile resulting from parental variation in allelic nucleotide sequence, the DHPLC pattern of the hybrid maize was in accordance with the results obtained by DHPLC analysis of a mixed sample of the two parents. We proposed it was practical to test genetic purity of F1 hybrid seeds by comparing their DHPLC elution profiles with that of a mixed sample of their two parents.Due to the advantages of high resolution, high through-put, simplicity and safety, DHPLC would be a useful technology for rapid identification of hybrids and seed genetic purity test.


Recently, the problem of using efficient limited number of mobile devices to go to charge and collect data of sensors such that sensors can work forever has received a great deal of attention in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network (WRSN). Many methods have been proposed for the WRSN systems such that mobile device can charge and collect data from sensors. However, most of previous works often require lots of mobile devices while the cost of mobile device is very high. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, called the Mobile Device Traveling Algorithm (MDTA), to using limited number of mobile devices for charging and collecting data for sensors. Simulation results show that the MDTA has better performance than other method.


The invention discloses a method for voice dialing on a smart phone screen locking interface. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, a smart phone is awaken; secondly, a voice input engine and a voice recognition engine are started; thirdly, a user is reminded to conduct voice input, and the voice input engine and the voice recognition engine begin to enter a monitoring state; fourthly, the voice input engine monitors a voice signal, and the voice recognition engine recognizes the input voice signal; fifthly, whether the voice input is a name or a number is judged, and dialing is carried out. According to the method, the dialing can be achieved when the user presses a power button to lighten a screen, places the smart phone close to the ear and says the name or the phone number of a contact person.


Side Channel Analysis (SCA) presents a clear threat to privacy and security in modern computing systems. The vast majority of communications are secured through cryptographic algorithms. These algorithms are often provably-secure from a cryptographical perspective, but their implementation on real hardware introduces vulnerabilities. Adversaries can exploit these vulnerabilities to conduct SCA and recover confidential information, such as secret keys or internal states. The threat of SCA has greatly increased as machine learning, and in particular deep learning, enhanced attacks become more common. In this work, we will examine the latest state-of-the-art deep learning techniques for side channel analysis, the theory behind them, and how they are conducted. Our focus will be on profiling attacks using deep learning techniques, but we will also examine some new and emerging methodologies enhanced by deep learning techniques, such as non-profiled attacks, artificial trace generation, and others. Finally, different deep learning–enhanced SCA schemes attempted against the ANSSI SCA Database and their relative performance will be evaluated and compared. This will lead to new research directions to secure cryptographic implementations against the latest SCA attacks.


Context: The first months postpartum can be challenging for parents, leading to elevated symptoms of parenting stress, depression and anxiety. Methods: The aim of this study was to compare the potency of emotional freedom technique on post partum blues and parenting stress among post caesarean section mothers. The total sample size was 150 post partum caesarean section mothers. All study subjects were asked preferences about emotional freedom technique or standard methods of care. According to their strong preference the treatment conditions were allocated. 150 subjects were interviewed before intervention by assessing background variables. On the 2nd post caesarean section day, the subjects were assessed for postpartum blues by using Likert Am I Blue? Assessment scale and parental stress was measured by adopting parental stress scale. Experimental arm received emotional freedom technique for 30 minutes, twice a day (morning and evening) for 4 days. Control arm received standard methods of care. Posttest was conducted by using the same assessment techniques in experimental arm and control arm. Results: Paired't' test and Unpaired't' test showed statistical significance by scaling down the symptoms of post partum blues and parenting stress in experimental arm comparatively to the control arm among post caesarean section mothers. Conclusion: Emotional freedom technique was quite effective for curtailing the symptoms of post partum blues and parenting stress among post caesarean section mothers.


This paper presents a solution of an optimal control problem for a parabolic-type distributed parameter systems with time delay, non-linear governed by a heat-conduction equation. The system is applied to a specific one-sided heat-conduction system in a heating furnace to control temperature for a slab following the most accurate burning standards [2], [6]. The target of problem is to find an optimal control signal so that the error between the distribution of real temperature of the object and the desired temperature is minimum after a given period of time tf [2], [6], [9]. After solving the problem, building the algorithms and establishing the control programs, we have proceeded to run the simulation programs on a slab of Samot and a slab of Diatomite to test calculting programs.


A complete understanding of the processes involved in calcification remains as one of the primary goals of research in hard tissue biology. A great deal of effort has been directed toward defining thc roles of cells and various tissue constituents in the local mechanism of calcitication. U r i ~ t ~ ~ has defined the local niechanism as a series of reactions responsible for localizing inorganic calcium salts within the matrix of hard tissues and for controlling the interactions between the organic matrix and the mineral phase. Studics on collagen as a nucleation catalyst for hydroxyapatite formation have received much OF the attention since the carly 1950s. 48 It is now becoming apparent that specific acidic lipids are also closely associated with the local nicchanism37 and that the loci for initial mineral deposition are cxtracellular


We theoretically investigate a tunable transmissive subtractive color filter with transparent conducting oxide. The resonance wavelength of the color filter can be shifted about 30 nm by biasing the transparent conducting oxide.


Aquatic Macrophyte and Animal Communities in a Recently Restored Brackish Marsh: Possible Influences of Restoration Design and the Invasive Species Myriophyllum spicatum. (May 2011) Michael Thomas Bell, B.A., Texas A&M University at Galveston Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Anna R. Armitage The numerous benefits that wetlands provide make them essential to ecosystem services and ecological functions. Historically, wetland losses have been caused by natural and anthropogenic changes. In Texas, nearly 50% of coastal wetland habitat has been lost since the 1930s and losses in the Lower Neches watershed have been some of the most extensive. Restoration is a way to mitigate these losses and can be accomplished in many ways. Each restoration design creates different aquatic habitats that can influence both submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and faunal communities. The restoration of the Lower Neches Wildlife Management Area (LNWMA) has created the conditions for the growth of the invasive submerged macrophyte, Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil) which may be competing with the native aquatic grass, Ruppia maritima (widgeongrass) for essential nutrients. In this study, an attempt was made to link restoration design with both SAV and aquatic fauna community structures by using a throw trap to characterize assemblages


In the current study, the intelligibility of dysarthric speech in background noise was determined. Speech-shaped noise was mixed with neurologically healthy (control) and disordered (dysarthric) speech at a series of signal-to-noise ratios. In addition, bandpass filtered control and dysarthric speech conditions were assessed to determine the effect of noise on both naturally and artificially degraded speech. Both the amount of noise and type of speech significantly impacted intelligibility, but there was no interaction between the two factors. Thus, it appears that there is no differential effect of noise on dysarthric speech relative to control speech. Despite this lack of interaction, it is important to note that the intelligibility of dysarthric speech was substantially lower than the intelligibility of control speech at each of the signal-to-noise ratios. This supports the idea that patients with dysarthria and their communication partners should be advised to select a favorable listening environment for communication. Lastly, large-scale online crowdsourcing via Amazon Mechanical Turk was utilized to collect data for the current study. Findings and implications for this data collection approach will be discussed.In the current study, the intelligibility of dysarthric speech in background noise was determined. Speech-shaped noise was mixed with neurologically healthy (control) and disordered (dysarthric) speech at a series of signal-to-noise ratios. In addition, bandpass filtered control and dysarthric speech conditions were assessed to determine the effect of noise on both naturally and artificially degraded speech. Both the amount of noise and type of speech significantly impacted intelligibility, but there was no interaction between the two factors. Thus, it appears that there is no differential effect of noise on dysarthric speech relative to control speech. Despite this lack of interaction, it is important to note that the intelligibility of dysarthric speech was substantially lower than the intelligibility of control speech at each of the signal-to-noise ratios. This supports the idea that patients with dysarthria and their communication partners should be advised to select a favorable listening environment ...


In the early engineering design phases of complex systems and facilities with significant cable routing requirements, the protection of critical cabling infrastructure and separation of redundant cables is often not taken into account. Cable routing and management happens later in the design process after significant system architectural decisions have been made. Given the nature of cables where energy and signal functions are shared between major subsystems, the potential for failure propagation is significant. We propose the Cable Routing Function Failure Analysis (CRFFA) method of cable routing planning that integrates with functional modeling and function failure analysis of complex systems to be used during the early conceptual stages of design. Through a more complete understanding of power and data cabling requirements during the early phases of design, a system design can be developed that minimizes the potential for critical cable infrastructure to be collocated. Reductions in collocated critical cabling reduce potential failure propagation pathways. The method in this paper relies on functional failure propagation probability calculation methods to identify and avoid potentially high risk cable routing choices. The implementation of this method will help engineering practitioners to design complex systems and facilities that protect against cabling failure propagation events (cable raceway fires, cable bundle severing events, etc.) from the earliest phases of design. Thus, system reliability will increase while system failure probabilities, cost of system design, and design lifecycles will decrease.


These photographs from the CCA collection and other private and public collections document one of the supreme technical and conceptual achievements in the history of architectural photography. On July 14, 1877, Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) announced in the "San Francisco Chronicle" the publication of a set of photographs, "Panorama of San Francisco from California Street Hill". It was available in two formats: as a set of albumen prints mounted on cabinet cards, and as an album of 11 albumen prints. Approximately one year later, Muybridge rephotographed the view, this time using a mammoth-plate camera. The result, a 360-degree panorama measuring more than 17 feet in length, was published as an album, comprising 13 albumen prints. This book documents Muybridge's panoramas of a now vanished San Francisco, and also discusses the antecedents of his work, thereby placing it within its historical context.


PurposeThis paper aims to present the Colombian Alejandro López Restrepo as a classic management thinker from the first half of the twentieth century and discuss his ideas in the light of Anglo-Saxon authors at that time and his contributions as a professor, manager and public servant.Design/methodology/approachBibliographic material including López's books and essays and their biography published by Mayor (2001) are reviewed to organize a new reading of López as a management thinker and practitioner.FindingsBeyond several classical managerial thinkers, López reconceptualized scientific management with a critical discussion of classical economic theory using sociology and psychology to present a unique conception of work, enterprise and efficiency as a public service that gives sense to individual and social realization to face the future and create development.Research limitations/implicationsTechniques as critical biography and interpretation of data have not been used, instead the aim to contribute to the literature of management history a Latin American' thinker.Practical implicationsIncluding López as a classical management thinker can improve the study of management history. His life and ideas give new reflexive insight to understand the development of management in Colombia and serve to inspire administrators to seek improvements in society.Originality/valueThe paper offers a new approach toward studying Alejandro López beyond previous sociological work by Mayor (2001) with the discussion of the contributions in the lenses of managerial practices and theoretical insights at that time.


The loss and phase change in progressive longitudinal waves from a finite circular piston source radiating into certain anisotropic media are calculated in this paper. Three‐dimensional calculations are presented for propagation along 3‐, 4‐, and 6‐fold symmetry axes. Relationships sufficient to permit the performance of the calculation for 2‐fold axes are derived. The anisotropy is introduced as a term in the spatial part of the phase in the integral for the pressure in the field of the piston. Geometry proper for pulse‐echo measurements was assumed in the calculation. The diffraction loss fluctuates with S = zλ/a2 (z is the distance into crystal, λ, is the wavelength, a is the transducer radius) before becoming monotonic increasing as the logarithm of S. The positions of the peaks in the loss are functions of the anisotropy of the medium. The phase change, on the other hand, increases monotonically to a limit of π/2 from S‐0 to infinity. However, the phase has plateaus where the loss has peaks. Both new...


As a vital part of renewable energy and electrical traction, power converters are supposed to have high reliability and good performance. However, power semiconductors produce considerable heat when the power converter works, which results in high junction temperatures that lower the reliability and performance of the power semiconductors. Many studies show that ambient humidity has a significant effect on power devices, but the influence of high humidity on junction temperatures has yet to be studied. Therefore, this paper presents a thermal model for power converters in moist air to obtain the junction temperature increase, which is utilized for the power converter used in a Switched Reluctance Motor System. Simulation results show that the law of converter temperature distribution is independent of the relative humidity in the case of fixed ambient temperature, whereas the temperature in the power converter decreases as the ambient relative humidity increases. These simulation results are validated with the experimental results.


The rapid era of globalization 4.0 has an impact on people's increasingly consumptive lifestyle. This phenomenon also affects to producers in marketing their products, thus creating a competitive climate in an increasingly competitive industry. Honda Motor in West Java is the top of the automotive industry market in terms of motorcycles, which has dominated market share for the past five years. Event marketing is known as a promotional activity that dominates Honda Motor's marketing strategy in West Java. However, the objective of event activities is not specifically directed at generating hard sales, while sales promotion programs are implemented intensively in each of these event activities. This study analyzes sales promotion and event image on event marketing activities carried out by Honda Motor in West Java, as well as the potential impulse buying of consumers on motorcycle products that are influenced by these two variables. The research method is quantitative with a survey approach to the population of valid product buyers registered on event period February March 2020 in the cities of Bekasi and Bandung. The sample size was determined by non-probability sampling using a purposive sampling technique of 63 samples. SEM-PLS is used as an analysis technique through structural equation modeling with the second order confirmatory factor analysis procedures. The results showed that the respondents' responses to the impulse buying variable were in the good category (71.4%). The analysis of the direct effect from sales promotion and event image to impulse buying showed an influence of 0.132 with sales promotion having a positive and significant impact on impulse buying, while event image did not positive and significant effect on consumer impulse buying. This implication concludes that there is a potential impulse buying behavior among Honda motorcycle consumers in West Java which can be explained by the influenced of sales promotion program at the event being held, so the implementation of objectives in event marketing activities can be determined explicitly by Honda Motor Company to generate direct sales (hard sales) through sales promotion programs that can motivate impulsive buying behavior.


Chungcheong-do is a place where Yulgok and Ugye schools dominate among the schools of Confucianism. Those who studied in the two groups belonged to the Seoin party. Seoin was seriously opposed after the the Noron-Soron Divergence in the late 17th century, and Seowon became the site of conflict in each region. Before 1800, 107 seowon Confucian academies in Chungcheong Province were built. Among them, there were only 11 Soron Confucian academies, and most of them were Noron Confucian academies. As Noron took the lead mainly in the central political world, Soron-line Seowon was in a difficult situation. It was also the subject of discussions on the abolition of Seowon, and Hyangjeon(鄕戰) took place. Nogangseowon Confucian Academy Altogether in Noseong, Chungcheong-do was established by SeoIn-line in 1675. Noseong Papyeong Yoon is celebrating a distinguished scholar of the Nojong faction. Since Yun Jeung, a native of this family, became the leader of Soron after the Noron-Soron Divergence, Nogangseowon Confucian Academy also became the source of Soron-sided Seowon. Therefore, Nogangseowon Confucian Academy was the strongest target of check for Noron.
Nogangseowon Confucian Academy remained a symbol of Soron-sided Seowon until the end despite several crises caused by political pressure.
This is because Papyeong Yoon Clan has established a strong support base for Nogangseowon by educating their descendants through Nogangseowon for more than 200 years and raising disciples to produce high-ranking officials.


A data processing device and a data processing method are provided to reduce a characteristic amount extracted from moving picture contents, thereby effectively searching the moving picture contents. A registration moving picture characteristic amount extraction unit(310) extracts a chain point interval from moving picture contents registered by a characteristic amount database(320) as a characteristic amount. An input moving picture characteristic amount extraction unit(330) extracts the chain point interval from moving picture contents input as a search target as the characteristic amount. If the registration moving picture characteristic amount extraction portion extracts the chain point interval of the registration moving picture, an interval list of a chain point interval and contents ID of registered moving pictures are supplied to a DC dictionary registering unit(321) and a CD dictionary registering unit(322) through a signal line(319). When the input moving picture characteristic amount extraction unit extracts the chain point interval of input moving pictures, an interval list of chain point intervals and contents ID of the input moving pictures are supplied to a DC dictionary registering unit(323) and a characteristic amount comparison unit(340) through a signal line(339).


Ramie fabric-reinforced thermoset poly lactic acid composites were produced from ramie fabrics and methacrylated four-armed star-shaped poly lactic acid resin by hot press molding. The resin was brushed uniformly on the surface of ramie fabrics. The properties of the composites were investigated by mechanics performance test, water absorption test, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The result shows that ramie content should be properly controlled at as much as 48%. The composite with 8% alkali treatment obtained higher tensile strength and flexural strength, as well as decreased impact strength caused by surface treatment. The composite with treated ramie fabrics had slightly better water resistance and thermal stability than those without surface treatment because of enhanced interfacial adhesion between fabrics and matrix. The DMA results and morphologies of the composites confirmed the improvement of ramie–matrix interface bonding.


In this work we study the deflection angle and gravitational lensing of both lightlike and timelike neutral rays in Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole spacetimes. The exact deflection angle is found as an elliptical function of the impact parameter b and velocity of the ray, and the charge Q of the spacetime. In obtaining this angle, we found the critical impact parameter and radius of particle sphere that are also dependent on and Q. In general, both the increase of velocity and charge reduces the as well as . To study the effect of and Q on the deflection angle , its weak and strong deflection limits, relativistic and non-relativistic limits, and small charge and extremal RN limits are analyzed carefully. It is found that both the increase of velocity and charge reduces the deflection angle. For weak deflection, the velocity and charge corrections appear respectively in the and orders. For strong deflections, these two corrections appear in the same order. The apparent angles and magnifications of weak and strong regular lensing, and retro-lensing are studied for both lightlike and timelike rays. In general, in all cases the increase of velocity or charge will decrease the apparent angle of any order. We show that velocity correction is much larger than that of charge in the weak lensing case, while their effects in the strong regular lensing and retro-lensing are comparable. It is further shown that the apparent angle and magnification in strong regular lensing and retro-lensing can be effectively unified. These observables at different orders in these two kinds of lensing are staggered: the apparent angles can be ordered in a staggered way and the magnifications form two staggered geometric series. Finally, we argue that the correction of and Q on the apparent angle can be correlated to mass or mass hierarchy of timelike particles with certain energy. In addition, the effects of and Q on shadow size of black holes are discussed.


In this study, we investigated whether a type of retroviral interference might be one mechanism that mediates the powerful protection induced by live attenuated SIVC8. Our results show that retroviral interference could be demonstrated between SIV and SHIV‐HXBc2 in human T‐cell lines chronically infected with either SIVC8 or SIVJ5. Lymphocytes from macaques infected with live attenuated SIVC8 were significantly less sensitive (P<0.05) to in vitro infection by virulent SIVJ5 and SHIV‐HXBc2 than were lymphocytes from naïve controls. However, this significant difference in the sensitivity of lymphocytes to virus infection was not observed for more efficiently replicating viruses such as SHIVSF33 and SIVsm3. Virus growth was significantly enhanced (P<0.01) by depletion of CD8+ T‐cells, suggesting a role for these cells in the control of SIV replication, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that levels of the β‐chemokines regulated upon activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β did not correlate with inhibition of virus replication. Taken together, our findings do not support the hypothesis that retroviral interference is the mechanism by which live attenuated SIVC8 induces protection.


The purpose of this paper is to trace the Seon thought of Seon master Buhyu Seonsu(1543-1615) and its being projected into and expressed in his poetic world, based on BuhyudangDaesajip(the collection of Buhyu's poems), which expressed koan teaching and the luminous transparency of the void and serenity. Succeeding to the dharma-linage of BuyongYeonggwan, BuhyuSeonsu led the Buddhist community together with CheongheoHyujeong in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty. Also, BuhyuSeonsu produced so many gem-like poetry based on his outstanding poetic talent and Seonistic imagination. Its chief product is BuhyudangDaesajip, which contains his ascetic practice and Seon-mind of enlightenment. The focal point of BuyuSeonsu's poetic expression is to stress that Mind(心)is the basis of all things, and also to seek after buddha-nature grounded on Samadha-vipassana everything as it is with No-mind(無心). He expressed the nature of mind in more brief and vivid poetic diction. Therefore, his Seonistic thought and poetic imagination is lyrically well depicted through interacting with nature. On other hand, BuhyuSeonsu's Seon poetry was produced in the course of ascetic life from the perspective of attaining enlightenment and also, the harmony between Confucianism and Buddhism, Gyeokwoiseon(Meditation outside words and formulary), and patriotic affiliation and compassion for sentient beings. In brief, his poetry is the very 'poetic formation' of his 'Seon-mind.'


Some multiple comparison procedures are described for multiple armed studies. The procedures are appropriate for testing all hypotheses for comparing two endpoints and multiple test arms to a single control group, for example three different fixed doses compared to a placebo. The procedure assumes that among the two endpoints, one is designated as a primary endpoint such that for a given treatment arm, no hypothesis for the secondary endpoint can be rejected unless the hypothesis for the primary endpoint was rejected. The procedures described control the family‐wise error rate in the strong sense at a specified level α. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Knowledge discovery algorithms generate alerts to interesting activity by finding partial matches to user-specified patterns of interest. Several statistical models can be used to generate pattern based on training data. However, when training sets are not readily available it is still possible to construct patterns from domain knowledge. To test the feasibility of such an approach we examine a database of publications in biological sciences, BioBase, and attempt to predict whether or not two researchers who did not coauthor a paper in 1998-2002 will coauthor a paper in 2003. We constructed a set of four distinct patterns depicting scenarios in which a new coauthoring relationship might emerge. In each of the scenarios, we needed to identify individuals playing different roles within research groups, and use the number of publications of individuals to predict those roles. We also use the 1998-2002 coauthor relationships to provide evidence of the associated research groups and collaborations. Our results in a test database show that this approach is feasible and competitive when compared to others that rely on more extensive statistical modeling


34:448 THE RIGHT TO TELL: THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT edited by Alisa Clapp-Itnyre, Caralee McLiesh, Simeon Djankov, Roumeen Islam (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2002—$35.00 paper, ISBN 0-8213-5203-2, 336 pp, index) is a multifaceted study of the role of mass media in economic development. More than 1.2 billion people worldwide live on less than a dollar a day. A key ingredient of any effective development strategy is knowledge transmission and enhanced transparency. "To reduce poverty," argue the authors, "we must liberate access to information and improve the quality of information." The World Development Report 2002 Building Institutions for Markets devoted a chapter to the role of the media in development. This book is an extension of that work. While Roumeen Islam provides an introduction to "what the media tell and why," other writers—including Joseph Stiglitz, Robert J. Schiller, Bruce M. Owen, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and Adam Michnik—tackle specific issues on how the media supports markets, what enables the media, and what the media say about the media. This is a 'must' on the role of mass media in economic development. (Dan Steinbock)


"Science as inquiry" is a key content standard in the National Science Education Standards, yet implementation of inquiry-based teaching is rare in secondary chemistry classrooms. This paper is the result of a study conducted to understand factors that effect the inquiry-based instruction of ten novice secondary chemistry teachers. The study focused on the influence of teaching beliefs and content knowledge on the instructional practices of these ten teachers. Case and cross-case comparisons revealed that chemistry teachers' intentions to implement inquiry teaching were strongly influenced by their teaching beliefs rather than their knowledge of chemistry. The quality of inquiry lessons, however, was found to depend on the teachers' knowledge of chemistry content. This study reinforces the need for chemistry-focused inservice training for beginning chemistry teachers that focuses on both inquiry teaching strategies and teaching beliefs.


Background Reproductive tract infection is a global health problem among women, particularly in East Asia. Accordingly, researchers are seeking drugs with fewer side effects, compared to chemical agents. In this regard, the antifungal properties of honey have been confirmed. Objective This study was conducted to examine the effects of vaginal honey gel and clotrimazole cream on symptoms of candidiasis in 2014–2015. Methods This single-blind clinical trial was conducted on 106 patients with clinical complaints and positive cultures. The study was conducted in Tabriz clinics and health centers during 2014–2015. The participants were randomly divided into clotrimazole cream and honey gel groups (n, 53 per group) and were assessed both pretreatment and post treatment (before, 4 and 8 days after treatment). The results were analyzed and compared in IBM-SPSS version 22, using McNemar's test, Cochran's Q test, generalized mixed model, and independent-samples t-test. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results At all 3 time intervals, significant reductions were observed in vaginal symptoms, compared to pretreatment due to the use of honey gel and clotrimazole cream (p<0.001). On the other hand, the culture results were similar, and there was no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion Honey was effective in the treatment of candidiasis symptoms and could be used as an alternative or adjuvant for other antifungal drugs in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis symptoms. Clinical Trial Registration This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with the registration code IRCT201604144317N9. Funding The authors received no financial support for the research.


The author reports on three studies, conducted jointly by the Alcoholism Clinic of Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, the Massachusetts Youth Service Board, and the Massachusetts Divi sion of Alcoholism, which attempt to (1) provide basic statis tical data on the use, nonuse, or misuse of alcohol among a representative group of delinquents, (2) categorize the group according to their use or nonuse of alcohol, (3) measure some significant aspects of their experiments with alcohol, and (4) look more intensively into the meaning of their drinking ex periences by considering personality characteristics and family backgrounds.


Objective To detect the relationship between K/E gene polymorphism and angina in Chinese population.Methods In the case-control study,we enrolled 71 patients with angina and 164 controls.All patients and controls were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligonucleotide techniques for the ICAM1 polymorphism.Results Conventional cardiovascular risk factors including age,sex,BMI,smoke,blood pressure and blood lipid showed no significant difference between case and control group(P0.05).The distribution of genotype(KK,KE,EE) in angina and control groups was 28(39.4%),30(42.3%),13(18.3%) and 40(24.4%),65(39.6%),59(36.0%),respectively.K allele gene correlated with angina and people with KK or KE genotypes had 2.525 times high risk of angina than those with EE genotype.Conclusion There is relationship between the K469E polymorphism of ICAM-1 gene and angina,which may be a potential factor influencing the risk of coronary heart disease(angina).


Amino acid transporters play an important role in supplying organic nutrient to cells. The expression profile of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and its subunit 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) on different differentiation stages in 4-NQO induced rat tongue carcinogenesis was examined using immunohistochemical analysis. The gradually increasing LAT1 and 4F2hc expression detected during the multistep progressive change shows that the protein may have an important role i n the multistep tongue c arcinogenesis. Conclusively, LAT1 and 4F2 hc c an b e a useful b iomarker f or a better understanding of multistep tongue carcinogenesis, while the specific inhibition o f LAT1 and 4F2 hc would be a new rationale for suppressing tumor cell growth in tongue cancer.


Glass ceramics with fluoride conduction have been prepared by heat treatment of glasses of the system SiO 2 -PbO-PbF 2 . The influence of the annealing regime on the formation of crystalline phases and on the structure of the glass ceramics has been investigated. The conductivity has been studied at different stages of crystallization. Two different types of crystallization behaviour have been distinguished when glasses are annealed at about 20K above T g . Under these conditions only one single crystalline phase arises in the glass matrix. For glasses with up to 15 mol% PbF 2 this crystalline phase is Pb 3 Si 2 O 7 while at higher PbF 2 content the crystalline phase is PbF 2 . Formation of Pb 3 Si 2 O 7 causes drastical increase of conductivity due to the rise of fluorine concentration in the residual glass. The growth of PbF 2 crystals yields the opposite effect. In some cases, PbF 2 crystals built a continous network throughout the glass matrix. Then, conductivity takes place along grain boundaries and the total conductivity increases again.


Abstract Widespread penetration of renewable energy and increasing demands on reliability/security of the electrical grid require extensive advances in energy storage technologies that are modular and scalable (kW-MW). Among the most promising technologies is the sodium-beta battery (NBB) based on Na conducting beta-alumina (β′′-Al2O3) electrolytes (BASE) and operated at elevated temperatures (300-350C). These batteries have demonstrated round-trip efficiencies >90%, storage capacity up to MWhs for hours of duration, and millisecond response times. However, current (NBB), constructed with 1-3 millimeter thick, tubular, electrolytes, have high capital cost, performance/safety issues, and high temperature operation (300-350°C) that limit widespread adoption of this technology into the market. In this work we will present a sodium β"-alumina cell designed for widespread renewable energy integration and electrical grid applications. The new generations NBBs are built upon a planar β′′-Al2O3 based electrolyte as shown in Figure 1. The planar design uses a thin BASE that reduces the area of specific resistance (ASR) and may be operated at reduced temperatures (≤250C) facilitated by optimized electrodes and cell components. The operation at low temperature allows for the use of lower cost cell materials and decreases adverse temperature effects that impact cycle life and overall cost. The effect of reduced BASE thickness (calculated) on sodium ion conductivity at 300°C is shown in Figure 2.


A closed-form representation for equivalent electromagnetic parameters (EEP) of biaxial anisotropic honeycomb absorbing materials (HAM) is proposed based on long-wavelength approximation. Considering the specific physical parameters such as the side length of aramid paper honeycomb, the thickness of aramid paper honeycomb, the thickness of absorbing coating and the height of honeycomb absorbing material, the closed-form representation for its equivalent electromagnetic parameter is established and obtained. The correctness and effectiveness of the closed-form representation are verified by numerical simulation and experimental tests. The numerical simulation uses the finite time domain difference method combined with the Nicholson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method. The EEP of the anisotropic HAM calculated by the closed-form representation are more accurate than obtained by the NRW method. The honeycomb absorbing material was prepared by the immersion process, and the reflectance measured by the free space method was consistent with the reflectance calculated by the closed-form representation proposed in this paper within 2–18 GHz. The proposed closed-form representation for equivalent electromagnetic parameter of biaxial anisotropic HAM shows the biaxial anisotropic characteristics of HAM. At the same time, the new model has the advantages of simple principle, convenient use, high precision and frequency bandwidth, which may provide more accurate theoretical guidance for the design of HAM.


One means of assessing the hazard risk associated with mine work is to study the severity of injuries that occur during the course of the workday. Of special interest is the accident risk inherent in night work and rotating shiftwork. To better understand this risk, the Bureau of Mines conducted a study of accidents that occurred during a 10-year period in the taconite (iron) mining operations of the U.S. Lake Superior iron ore region. In general, accidents that occurred during the night shift resulted in more days lost per accident, compared with either the day or afternoon shifts. To control for the possibility of different accident types occurring on different shifts, part of this study focused on accidents involving equipment operation. Again, night shift accidents were shown to be significantly more severe than on the other two shifts. These results implicate work performance during night hours as being relatively impaired, perhaps due to lowered states of psychophysiological arousal, coupled with the handicap of operating in a darkened environment.


The substituent effect on the cycloaddition of aryl isocyanates to some 1-oxa-4-azabutadienes has been investigated. It has been found that electron-withdrawing groups located in the aryl isocyanate ring distinctly increase the rate of the cycloaddition. The importance of isocyanate nitrogen unshared electrons has been considered. Rate constants and activation parameters have been discussed with respect to the mechanism.


Introduces the design project of fuel MIS of Liaoning province power plants.The data process table and some main design application map are given .The use of this MIS shows that the information transmission and shared mechanism have been set up between various power plants and Northern Electric Bureau , the unitary settlement in the whole Bureau have been realized and ultimately electric cost is reduced .This MIS have the high practical and popular value.


The study deals with arc resistance of composite Cu–Cr system materials of various compositions. The microstructure of materials exposed to an electric arc was investigated. Despite varying initial chromium contents, the same structure was formed in the arc exposure zones of all the tested materials.


Mr. Webb seems to favour the training of existing staff in any school rather than the &dquo;unreliable and risky&dquo; buying-in process. The former has its dangers: the biggest danger is in &dquo;the assessing for potential&dquo;. By this process, if it is carried to its logical conclusion, one is choosing, not only the middle range of executives but also the future heads. There are LEAs and Governing Bodies which might cavil at such a usurping of their traditionally held and jealously guarded powers.


The East Asian financial crisis of 1997‐98 has provoked yet another round of controversy on the institutional foundations of the region's growth. This article provides some flavour of this new work by examining three factors that impinge on economic policy and performance: the role of political regime type; the structure of business‐government relations; and the design of government agencies. Institutional weaknesses contributed to the onset of the Asian financial crisis.


The acquisition and processing of non-stationary nonlinear wheel-scan force signal,and how to process signal by the method of Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) were studied in this paper.The dynamic-link library method of Mixed-Language Programming for VC6.0 and MATLAB7.0 was used in the procedure,which combines the advantages of VC with MATLAB,ensures the data acquisition and processing finished in the same VC project,makes the signal processing run faster,stable,accurate and convenient.


Consider the problem of controlling a network of surveillance sensors that are capable of selecting which areas to observe and which modes to observe these areas. In this paper, we study the problem of controlling the observations of these sensors adaptively in order to classify accurately a collection of objects using information on their observed features. Our proposed approach is modeling objects as templates of 3-D features, and modeling sensors as observing features of individual objects, subject to degradation by noise, obscuration, missed detections and background clutter. We exploit a statistical framework based on random sets similar to those used in multi target tracking to model the statistical relationship between observed features and object types to compute information theoretic estimates of the probability of error in classification. We present a novel approach for computation of these distances between distributions of random sets using k-best assignment algorithms. These estimates are combined with real time information to generate predictions of the information value of individual measurements for sensor management. Using these predictions, we develop assignment algorithms to compute sensor management strategies to minimize this bound. The resulting sensor management algorithms are capable of solving problems involving a large numbers of objects in real-time. We show simulations of the resulting algorithms for classifying 3 dimensional objects from 2-dimensional noisy projections that illustrate how the algorithms select complementary views to overcome obscuration and provide accurate classification. Our results show that our information-based sensor management algorithms achieve comparable classification accuracy to adaptive simulation-based approaches that evaluate the value of information, while requiring nearly five orders of magnitude less computation.


Abstract : This project has made very good progress. We have now unveiled an even larger role for defective apoptosis in the emergence of resistance. We have been very successful in our ability to generate cell lines derived from patient biopsies both before treatment and at the time of resistance. We are now using these patient-derived cell lines to assess BIM levels and apoptotic response to next-generation inhibitors. The capacity to develop cell lines from patient biopsies was published in December, 2014 in Science. We have used these models to develop effective combinations to overcome the defect in apoptosis which has led to a CTEP-sponsored clinical trial combining AZD9291 and ABT-263. Our research has expanded beyond just assessing BIM, and is also focusing on the role of a diminished apoptotic response as clones develop resistance to targeted therapies. Although BIM is one such mechanism, it is not the only one. This research has uncovered a novel, unexpected connection between EMT, low BIM, and resistance to targeted therapies. Two manuscripts (one under review at Nature Communications and one to be submitted) have been written this year describing our findings.


This paper compares employment relations (ER) in seven countries in the Asia-Pacific region: Australia; Indonesia; Japan; New Zealand; the Peoples' Republic of China (PRC); South Korea; and Taiwan (Republic of China, ROC).

The mature economies of Australia, New Zealand and Japan demonstrate the impact on employment relations of labour market restructuring to achieve greater flexibility.

While Korea has reduced its level of control of the union movement and experienced a consequent increase in union militancy, 'democratisation' in Taiwan has resulted in the government taking a more active and regulatory stance towards labour.

The PRC's transition from a highly regulated to a 'socialist market' economy has had a significant effect on employees as they have shifted from state-run to privately-operated companies. In Indonesia ER have been closely tied to the state doctrine of Pancasila, and while the end of the Soeharto government offered opportunities for greater government recognition of workers' interests, political instability has been inhibiting.


Progress has occurred in the past several years in the understanding of the structure and function of von Will#{174}brand factor (vWF). This multimeric glycoprotein exhibits a dual role, that of mediating platelet adhesion and aggregation onto thrombogenic surfaces, and that of functioning as carrier in plasma for the factor VIII procoagulant protein. New insights into the nature of the several functional domains of vWF have led to the identification of the regions of the molecule that interact with factor VIII, heparin, the


The Russian legislation regulating the procedure and payroll schedule is of fundamental importance for ensuring the property rights of employees. However, there are some shortcomings, which can be found in the content of the norms provided for in Art. 136 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Federal Law No. 272-FZ of July 3, 2016, eliminated some miscalculations regarding the specification of the payroll schedule made by the legislator. At the same time, there were gaps and questions that needed more precise, complete and uniform regulation. This causes difficulties when applying Art. 136 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation by employers, creates contradictions in the activities of state supervision bodies and in judicial practice. The analysis of the law and modern experience of its implementation made it possible to identify the uncertainty and other omissions in regulating the payment of earnings at the local level, in documenting such payments, in the composition requirements for each half of the month, and other more particular aspects of this group of relations. These problems can not be eliminated by the official interpretation of the federal bodies of labor administration. They require a revision of the norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The author substantiates such changes and provides the draft of the new edition of Art. 136 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.


paper investigates the effects of factors involved in sludge anaerobic granulation. Granulated sludge formation is the main parameter contributing to the success of UASB reactors. Anaerobic granulation leads to reduced reactor size, space requirement, and investment costs. Operation costs are also greatly reduced due to lack of aeration. An important parameter affecting process performance is the size of sludge granules; the factors involved in granule size will be investigated. Some of the important parameters of anaerobic sludge granulation are: existence of growth cores as inert particles or granulated sludge, process operational conditions (Sludge Loading Rate and Organic Loading Rate, Loading rate increase and …), and environment conditions (nutrients, temperature, pH, combination and …).


The outcome of 18 claw hands deformities, corrected with the Zancolli lasso procedure was evaluated in
present study, deformity, power, movement, and function of the hands were evaluated before and after
surgery.The mean duration of surgery was 60 (range, 45–75) minutes. The mean duration of follow-up was 7.5 (range, 3–12)
months. Deformity correction was good in 13 patients, fair in 3, and poor in 2. The mean angle improvement was maximum in the
little nger,followed by the ring, index, and middle ngers.The Zancolli lasso procedure is easy to perform and does not require
extensive postoperative training. It restores synchronous nger exion and spares other supercialis tendons, thus avoiding
swan neck deformity of the ngers.


Objective To evaluate the causes of recurrence of chest wall tuberculosis after surgical treatment and experience in managing it.Methods In 1998-2009 a total of 15 patients with recurrent chest wall tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed and summarized the causes of recurrence.Through the adoption of Muscle flap and pedicled omental to fill residual cavity,pressure bandage treatment for research.Results Postoperative wound infection in 1 case,two patients had subcutaneous fluid,while other patients with good healing,and follow up 6 months to 36 months without recurrence.Conclusion The chest wall surgery in tuberculosis patients with incomplete removal of lesions,leaving residual cavity,postoperative dressing inappropriately or too short,are likely to relapse.Taking Muscle flap and pedicled omental to fill residual cavity and pressure bandage treatment for recurrent chest wall tuberculosis can achieve good result.


This study aimed to characterize the structure of the international market of particleboard in relationship to its concentration and inequality and to decompose the variations in particleboard export in the major participant countries in terms of world trade growth effect, destination effect and competitiveness effect from 1998 to 2002. Concentration level and inequality favor anti-competitive practices and competitiveness effect, composed by endogenous aspects and market conditions, such as international agreements, do not favor Brazilian export growth.


Summary form only given. Water purification by discharge inside bubble in water containing organic dye has been investigated. A tungsten wire is inserted into glass tube, which is immersed in the water. An aluminum film surrounds the glass tube as a grounded electrode. Oxygen and argon gases are injected into the glass tube to generate bubbles in the water. The pulsed high voltage generate d by a magnetic pulse compression circuit is applied to the tungsten wire to generate streamer discharge, which propagates into the bubble from the tip of the wire. Indigo carmine is employed as a specimen to evaluate decolorization efficiency. Energy efficiency for decolorization is improved by increasing number of discharges at same input energy and by decreasing pulse repetition rate. Ozone production efficiency increase s by decreasing humidity of the gas phase. Hydroxyl radical produced in the bubble mainly contribute to decolorize the solution in the case of argon injection. Ohmic loss decreases by increasing resistibility of the water by reducing surface area o f the grounded electrode and increasing gap length between the electrodes.


Abstract : For the case of electrons in a periodic lattice there exist extended basis functions (Bloch waves) and localized basis functions (Wannier functions). It is shown that also for lattice vibrations there exists, in addition to the usual extended basis functions (normal modes), a set of localized basis functions. These are non-trivial only for lattices with several atoms per unit cell. Examples are worked out and discussed. These functions appear to be of interest for the treatment of defects and other problems calling for a localized description. (Author)


This paper analyzed the actuality of dossier management and utilization in surveying and mapping units,pointed out the problems in the dossier management and utilization,and brought forward several related solutions in order to take more advantages of dossier.


Using the 2006 Mexican Social Mobility Survey, this research evaluates the influence of parental wealth on several outcomes of adult children, including educational attainment, consumption level, asset holdings, home ownership, and value of residence. Two mechanisms of parental influence on economic wellbeing are explored: an indirect effect mediated by parental investment in human capital, and the direct transfer of resources. Three main findings emerge from the analysis. First, parental wealth is a strong determinant of educational attainment, net of the standard indicators of advantage regularly used in stratification research, and the influence of wealth is stronger among the most disadvantaged children (those with low cultural capital, and residing in non-urban areas). Second, the mechanism of parental influence on adult children's economic wellbeing differs depending on the outcome: In the case of consumption level, the influence is largely indirect, mediated by parental investment in offspring's human capital, while the opposite is true for children's asset holdings, where a direct transfer of resources predominates. Third, while access to homeownership is only weakly stratified by parent's and children's resources, the value of the acquired home is significantly affected by parental wealth. These patterns of influence are similar to those found in Chile (Spilerman and Torche 2004, Torche and Spilerman 2006) and they highlight the critical impact of parental wealth in less developed countries.


A study of the work of Jean-Paul Sartre and of its relevance for contemporary sociology. Dr Craib sees Sartre as a central figure in modern European thought - providing links between Husserl and Heidegger on the one hand and Marxists and Structuralists on the other. He is concerned to relate Sartre's apparently abstract and often obscure philosophical work to methodological and other research problems in sociology; in particular he uses Sartrean philsophy to criticize the very influential work of Gouldner, Goffman and Garfinkel. In the first part of the book Dr Craib concentrates on Being and Nothingness and considers the way in which Sartre's brand of phenomenology can inform studies of inter-personal relationships. In the second part, he examines La Critique de la raison dialectique, which deals with the wider structure of society, the nature of social classes and the development of history. He goes on to investigate the connections between these two levels of analysis, and the complex inter-relationships between the sociologist, his fellows, his objects of study and his theoretical work.


This paper studies characteristics of piezoelectric transducers working at frequencies near parallel resonance including the automatic power adjustment feature,quality factor,efficiency,driving voltage required,and maximum sustained voltage.These are all important to appropriate application of high-power ultrasonic transducers.Experiments were carried out made to verify the results of analyses and calculation.Comparison is made with some features at frequencies around series resonance.


1069Background: Approximately 40% of HR+/HER2- mBC patients harbor PIK3CA mutation. Associations between PIK3CA mutation status and clinical outcomes among patients with HR+/HER2- mBC have been het...