Abstract In Australia, despite the growing need for palliative care, there is a shortage of palliative care professionals. The literature suggests that nurse practitioners (NPs) are well positioned to innovate the current model of palliative medicine. This prospective study evaluates the implementation of a new NP role within an established multidisciplinary palliative care service. In this study, patients under the care of the NP had fewer admissions to an acute hospital compared to the rest of the service (17.0% vs. 27.2%), as well as no acute admissions for terminal care and a greater number of patients who achieved their preferred place of death (87.2% vs. 72.2%). A survey of the multidisciplinary team revealed that the majority of responders (93.3%) felt that the NP role had a positive impact on patient care and was holistic, safe, and met patients' needs. Neutral or negative survey responses highlighted the need for further education or refinement of the role in areas such as prescribing and ability to refer patients directly to medical specialists. Overall, study results were positive and support the introduction of the NP role into a specialist palliative care service but more research is required to assess the effectiveness of the role.


Let Ω be a bounded domain in Rn(n ≧ 3) with Lipschitz-continuous boundary, ∂Ω = Γ0∪Γ1. In this paper we consider the following problem: where φ ∈ L2 (Γ1), φ ≢ 0 on Γ1 and γ is the unit outward normal and p = 2n/(n − 2) = 2* is the critical exponent for the Sobolev embedding . We prove that for φ ∈ L2(Γ1) satisfying suitable conditions, the problem admits two solutions.


Examining high-skilled professionals of Indian origin who decide to return to India to settle down in so-called gated estates or communities, which now form part of Indian mega cities' landscape, this article describes the mobility regimes of these estates' diverse populations in three South Indian cities and the power relations between these high-skilled professionals and their staff. We address the lacuna to study these estates as sites of human capital mobility convergence where international and regional migration and mobility patterns of the diverse groups become entangled and mutually constitutive. Combining theoretical models pertaining to skilled migration research as well as mobility studies and ethnographic description and analysis, we aim to conceptualise gated communities in a way that highlights not only the interconnectedness of local, regional, national and transnational migration, but also their correlation with different forms of (physical, social, cultural, economic) (non-)mobility. At the same time, we argue that these interconnecting social fields are marked by power differences, social and economic inequality, and disparate access to mobility. These factors lead to a differential outcome for the different social actors implicated in our study and eventually to the sustenance of huge economic as well socio-cultural disparity in contemporary India.


ABSTRACT Long-term ecological studies were initiated shortly after an April 1985 release of 452,550 gallons of a Southern Louisiana crude oil into a 1750-acre electric power plant cooling lake. Aquatic plants (macrophytes) in the most heavily oiled region of the lake were coated with oil and most had died by late summer 1986. Macrophytes from lightly oiled areas of the lake had nearly recovered by late summer 1986. Macrophytes in other parts of the lake were completely unaffected by the release of oil. A year after the release, diversity and abundance of bottom-living animals decreased in the most heavily oiled parts of the lake and previously dominant insect larvae were replaced by opportunistic oligochaetes. Complete recovery of the most severely affected benthic communities required four years in the deep parts of the lake and five years in shallow areas. There was a small kill of fish ($$200 fish) immediately after the release and a small decrease in the abundance of preferred recreational fish specie...


Working in distributed teams on digital platforms and software technology nowadays occurs in a more agile manner. This chapter will focus on the motivation for examining why agile methodology doesn't work efficiently in large enterprises having distributed agile software development model compared to small or medium enterprises. The chapter aims to unearth with the help of several known statistics and see if agile or distributed agile is always a success or not and explore the cascading impact on organizations when the agile implementation is not as per the expectation. Further on, the author tries to explore all factors and characteristics associated with distributed agile software development with the help of the literature, and thereafter, it intended to find an answer about the impact of distributed agile software development on team performance which has varying impact on organizations.


We investigate how to measure and define the entropy of a simple chaotic system, three hard spheres on a ring. A novel approach is presented, which does not assume the ergodic hypothesis. It consists of transforming the particles' collision history into a sequence of binary digits. We then investigate three approaches which should demonstrate the non-randomness of these collision-generated strings compared with random number generator created strings: Shannon entropy, diehard randomness tests and compression percentage. We show that the Shannon information entropy is unable to distinguish random from deterministic strings. The Diehard test performs better, but for certain mass-ratios the collision-generated strings are misidentified as random with high confidence. The zlib and bz2 compression algorithms are efficient at detecting non-randomness and low information content, with compression efficiencies that tend to 100% in the limit of infinite strings. Thus 'compression algorithm entropy' is non-extensive for this chaotic system, in marked contrast to the extensive entropy determined from phase-space integrals by assuming ergodicity.


The mud-setting ponds from the mining industry unfortunately represent works which certainly bear risks. The size of the risk is given both by the high frequency of registered accidents as well as by the magnitude of the consequences, among which the disastrous ecological effects are the most obvious. This paper highlights the major accidents which may occur when processing the mud from the mud-setting ponds, as well as the importance of an efficient management for preventing such accidents. The SWOT analysis carried out within this paper represents a systematic action for diagnosing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats which have been identified at mud-setting pond level, having the purpose to properly recover the slime sludge from the waste.


The combination of differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) is possible by means of a new dual thin layer cell. Thus, simultaneous real-time measurements of volatile products and deposited (or dissolved) species can be performed, which is demonstrated for CO-adsorption and desorption processes on Pt and a Pt-Ru alloy in sulfuric acid. In particular, it is shown that on a Pt-Ru alloy, electrode anions are adsorbed even at 0 mV vs. reversible hydrogen electrode.


This research is based on the result of the previous research which showed the regression performance model of the 22 mutual fund products. The correlation between inflation, interest rate and the Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG) to mutual fund performance was 98.67% based on data in 2007-2014.This study examines the accuracy of the performance model of mutual fund products by using the accuracy measurement. In addition, it alsoexamines the best regression model of mutual fund products based on the smallest value of the observed data difference (data in 2015-2016) with the predicted value based on the regression model. the results of this study can be applied for decision making in considering the selection of more profitable mutual fund investment type.Based on the results of this study in examining the accuracy of the model obtained from the previous research, the result of difference between the predicted data and the observed data or(Y - Ŷ)2 of the 22 mutual fund products lies between 0.008 to 0.367 and the best product with the smallest value (Y - Ŷ)2 is 0.008.


Polyphenols are increasingly used in animal feeding in order to delay the lipid oxidation of meat and, eventually, increase the deposition of beneficial compounds for the consumer. Interestingly, the biological activities of polyphenols go beyond their widely known antioxidant capacity, being able to modify several physiological pathways. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grazing on sainfoin or alfalfa legumes rich in polyphenols but with different amount of proanthocyanidins – during lactation in the metabolite profile of lambs' muscle, by using HPLCESI-QTOF MS analysis. Thirteen metabolites were modified in the polar fraction of muscle in Sainfoin lambs, as compared with Alfalfa lambs (P<0.05). Among them, 6 were related to fat metabolic fate (biliary acids, fatty acids, etc.), showing the wide variety of processed affected by polyphenols. Further studies should evaluate the effect of these strategies on the whole metabolome of lamb muscle, in particular considering their health implications.


Asthma is a worldwide disease affecting an estimated 300 million individuals 1, 2. Some authors refer to the increased prevalence of asthma reported during the past decades, in many parts of the world, as a wave of "asthma epidemic" 3. Given the recent increase in asthma-related healthcare costs 4, it has become important, in a time of economical restriction, to critically review the dimensions of this phenomenon and to investigate the underlying causes. First of all, is there a real epidemic threat? Indeed, besides several proposed explanations for increasing asthma prevalence ( e.g. exposure to tobacco smoke, air pollution and specific allergens, change in diet intake, obesity, exposure to infections and microbial substance in the environment) 3, there has also been an improved awareness of the disease over the past few years. Substantial effort has been made in the past decade for the development and the dissemination of international asthma guidelines. Such widespread publicity has certainly contributed to improve asthma management worldwide and to identify and treat new asthmatic patients. However, it might also have caused overdiagnosis of asthma and, more specifically, it may have contributed to the increased proportion of incorrectly diagnosed asthma cases. Inevitably, any misdiagnosed cases lead to over treatment or inappropriate treatments 5, and increased risk of side-effects in the absence of any pharmacological benefit.

Is it only a hypothetical situation? Unfortunately it does not appear to be a mere theory. International guidelines advise that asthma diagnosis be based on both the presence of symptoms and objective measurements of variable airflow …


: Global consensus on climate warming and elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations has increased the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (droughts) and brought uncertainty about soybean production. In this study, the effects of elevated CO 2 concentration, drought and their interaction on gene expression in soybean were elucidated by phenotypic and leaf transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. To provide theoretical reference for soybean breeding under the background of future climate change, we identified the regulatory pathway of CO 2 affecting soybean drought tolerance. The phenotypic results showed that elevated CO 2 concentration promoted the growth and alleviated the negative effects of drought stress on soybean. The results revealed that a total of 89 CO 2 -responsive genes were identified by transcriptome sequencing analysis. KEGG classification demonstrated that these genes were mainly involved in antioxidant metabolism (terpenoid, flavonoid, etc.), meanwhile, Functional of the specific differentially expressed gene mainly focused on cell components, growth, and development. Under drought condition, 1006 highly differentially expressed (16-fold) genes were screened out. These genes were mainly involved in various amino acid (proline, tryptophan, etc.) metabolic pathways, and almost all genes involved in protein synthesis and transport were up-regulated, indicating that there were a lot of material exchange processes in soybean leaves under drought stress. A total of 8566 differentially expressed genes, mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism pathway, were detected under the interaction, and almost all genes related to the photosynthe-sis-antenna protein pathway were down-regulated, suggesting that the photosynthetic capacity of soybean was decreased under the interaction. 34 genes were found to be differentially expressed under all three conditions. These genes were mainly concentrated in antioxidant metabolism (flavonoids, glutathione, phenylpropanoids, etc.), and most of these genes were involved in the metabolism of various plant hormones and stimulus responses. The qRT-PCR results of six differentially expressed genes related to drought resistance in two soybean varieties with different genetic background showed that the RNA-seq data were accurate. In conclusion, elevated CO 2 concentration could increase the relative expression levels of genes related to antioxidant metabolism, growth and development in soybean leaves. Drought stress induced the relative expression levels of genes related to amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis pathway. The photosynthetic capacity of soybean was inhibited under the interactive condition. Elevated CO 2 concentration enhanced the tolerance of soybean to drought stress by regulating hormone metabolism, antioxidant (antioxidant enzyme, flavonoid, phenylpropanoid) metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism.


Background: Cassia mimosoides L. is one of the nonclassical folklore plants of Gujarat, known as Aval ni jaat. Root and leaves of this plant are used in diarrhea, wound healing and mouth ulcers by tribal people. Aims and Objectives: Review revealed that the leaf part of this plant are unexplored from the pharmacognostical aspects. Hence, the present study focuses on the pharmacognostical study of leaf along with its powder. Materials and Methods: Collection, macroscopy and microscopy have been carried out as per standard protocol. Observation and Results: The leaves are alternate, compound with opposite glabrous leaflets. T. S. of rachis consists of epidermis, pericycle and vascular bundle. T. S. of dorsiventral leaflet shows epidermis and vascular region with 1/5 palisade ratio. Leaf powder is dark green in color. Palisade parenchyma cells, rhomboidal crystals and unicellular warty trichomes are present in the powder of leaf. Discussion: Yellow pentamerous flowers and paracytic stomata are key characteristics of genus Cassia. The value of stomatal index always remains constant even in different environmental conditions which play a very significant role in the identification of plant. Conclusion: Microscopy of leaf and its powder of Cassia mimosoides can be helpful in identifying the plant in powder form and the values can be helpful in further standardization.


Cooper C. P. (1981) Spatial and temporal patterns of tourist behaviour, Reg. Studies 15, 359–371. The nature of touring behaviour is examined and the results of a survey of tourist movement are outlined. The survey is the first attempt to chart the behaviour of tourists over time. Results show that tourists reduce uncertainty in their exploration of an area by visiting those sites perceived to give greatest reward for effort. The question of the control of movement by manipulating information levels is discussed and current recreation management schemes are shown to implicitly adopt this principle in their control of visitor behaviour.


The beautiful sounds of the musical practices among the Kelabit people (hill tribe) from the upper Baram river in Sarawak is yet to be revealed. The Kelabit at approximately 1800 people are one of the smallest hill tribe groups that inhabit the Borneo Island. Like many other indigenous communities in the highlands of Sarawak, the Kelabit live in longhouses located along the tributaries of the Baram river. They still maintain certain aspects of their culture including musical practices and dance. The sape, a plucked-lute instrument is one of the notable traditional musical instruments performed by the Kelabit in many social and ritual occasions. Other then that, a few blowing and drumming instruments are also performed in that area. To approach this type of musical practices, I have utilized theories from the field of ethnomusicology. Based on my preliminary study, I started to shape this study by considering some theoretical suggestions made by various scholars as well as my own views. This paper contributes not only to ethnomusicological theory and method, but also to a deeper understanding of Kelabit's musical culture.


Nonlinear models of transverse vibration of axially moving viscoelastic beams subjected external transverse loads via steady-state periodical response are numerically investigated. An integro-partial-differential equation and a partial-differential equation of transverse motion can be derived respectively from a model of the coupled planar vibration for an axially moving beam. The finite difference scheme is developed to calculate steady-state response for the model of coupled planar and the two models of transverse motion under the simple support boundary. Numerical results indicate that the amplitude of the steady-state response for the model of coupled vibration and two models of transverse vibration predict qualitatively the same tendencies with the changing parameters and the integro-partial-differential equation gives results more closely to the coupled planar vibration.


Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) were prepared on hydrogen‐free diamond‐like carbon (DLC) films by immersing the DLC substrates into dilute solutions of FDTS in hydrofluoroether. The FDTS‐adsorbed DLC surfaces were observed using a tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) with respect to the immersion time to investigate the monolayer formation process. The measurements of the water contact angles, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the surface roughness were also conducted. The DLC films were deposited on silicon plates with an electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)‐type ion beam sputter using graphite as a sputter target. Initially, FDTS molecules form a liquid‐like disordered mass of molecules on the DLC surface, and then begin to form densely packed FDTS islands with the height of a monolayer. The FDTS monolayer islands grow laterally with the immersion time. After immersion for several hours, the agglomeration of FDTS molecules to a height of 3–5 nm is observed on the DLC surfaces. This is due to the presence of a large number of active sites on the hydrogen‐free DLC surface, preventing the surface diffusion of FDTS molecules. Also, the inhomogeneity of the DLC surface due to the adsorption of a large number of oxygen atoms from the air after DLC deposition is one of the reasons for the FDTS agglomeration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


OBJECTIVE:To establish the sensitive fluorescence spectrophotometry for trace methylene blue in plasma. METHODS:Based on the sensitizing effect of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin on the fluorescence signal of methylene blue,the trace methylene blue in plasma was determined directly by fluorescence spectrophotometry. RESULTS:The linear range of methylene blue were 0.008-0.2 μmol/L(r=0.999 0). The fluorescence intensity in the reaction system was stable after 20 min;RSDs were 0.57% at 20,40,60,120 min. Intra-day RSDs were 0.36%,0.53% and 0.92% at high,medium and low concentrations;inter-day RSDs were 2.31%,2.62% and 5.43%,respectively. The recovery rates were 97.04%-107.7%. The residual quantity of methylene blue in 20 plasma samples was in the linear range and lower than the specified maximum residue. CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate,simple,rapid and sensitive,and could directly be used for the determination of trace methylene blue in plasma.


The discovery of a rare color morph in three different genera of Oedipodinae indicates that the genus Eximacris Otte and the two species included in it are synonyms of pre-existing taxa. A specimen of Dissosteira Carolina from the south rim of the Grand Canyon was discovered to have the same odd color patterns as Eximacris superbum and Eximacris phenax. Then a specimen of Trimerotropis maritima from the shore of Lake Erie was discovered to have the identical color pattern. These two discoveries led to the suspicion that the two species of Eximacris might also be color morphs of previously known species. Concerted efforts by the author to find additional specimens of superbum (only two specimens known previously) and of phenax (only one specimen known previously) were made in the two areas from which these "species" were collected (south Texas and Oklahoma). Eximacris superbum comes from a region of Texas where Spharagemon cristatum is common. And Eximacris phenax comes from within the range of Trimerotropis maritima in Oklahoma. Examination of these specimens indicates that, except for the radically different body coloration, they are identical to the species from whose ranges they come. It now appears conclusive, that a rare color morph appears in the three closely related genera, Spharagemon, Dissosteira and Trimerotropls. Consequently the following synonymy is proposed:


At this year's Annual Scientific Congress (ASC), Professor David Fletcher recounted the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) into Australia. One of his regrets was the low uptake of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) as part of the LC procedure leading to, amongst other things, a failure to detect common bile duct (CBD) stones, and the referral of a large number of patients for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Laparoscopic CBD exploration (CBDE) was only performed by a few enthusiasts, and ERCP became increasingly used to exclude CBD stones prior to LC, or to treat stones discovered at LC. In just 2.5 years after the introduction of LC in Australia, IOC had dropped to 23%, and ERCP and sphincterotomy had increased by 242%. There was also a significantly higher rate of CBD injury in the years after the introduction of LC, possibly due, in part, to the low IOC rate. This, understandably, led to paranoia about the CBD, and, in turn, to a fear of the CBD. In the pursuit of a 'safe' LC, subsequent generations of surgeons have been taught, directly or indirectly, to stay away from the CBD. Dissecting down the cystic duct towards the CBD has become an anathema to many surgeons and, in fact, many now consider all CBD surgery as the preserve of subspecialists – completely at odds with how the CBD was perceived in the open era. Successful transcystic choledochoscopy and CBDE (TCBDE) often requires this dissection, so an additional barrier to the uptake of TCBDE is surgeons needing a paradigm change in their thinking: Once again learning to respect, rather than fear, the CBD. The combined effect in the early LC era of the increased CBD injury rate, the low IOC rate and the reluctance of surgeons to perform open choledochotomy was the entrenchment of ERCP as the first-line treatment for CBD stones. However, ERCP has well-documented short-term, and increasingly recognized long-term, complications. Contemporary literature quotes significant post-ERCP rates of pancreatitis (8%), bleeding (1%), perforation (1%) and cholangitis (5%), and the less appreciated long-term complications of recurrent CBD stones (9%), sphincter of Oddi strictures and the possible development of cholangiocarcinoma. In comparison, the complications, especially long term, of surgical exploration of the CBD, particularly TCBDE, are less common, in part because the sphincter of Oddi is preserved. Randomized trials comparing TCBDE with ERCP are difficult to do without bias, with most institutions preferentially treating patients in one way, hence concentrating experience and skill in that direction. The Cochrane meta-analysis in 2013 is often quoted as saying that there is no difference between two-stage (LC and ERCP) and single-stage (LC and TCBDE) procedures in CBD stone clearance; however, that is not entirely correct. There was a significant advantage in CBD clearance rates for open surgical exploration. The papers in this meta-analysis encompass the post-open era, and surgeons of this era who performed LC often cited a lack of skill or equipment to perform laparoscopic CBDE adequately. Economic arguments also favour single-stage LC and CBDE, which is not surprising given the extra inpatient stay waiting for post-operative ERCP, the costs of transfer and subsequent admission(s) needed to complete endoscopic treatment and the cumulative time and costs of separate ERCP theatre or endoscopy sessions. Identifying CBD stones preoperatively with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, not necessary in a treatment algorithm that includes TCBDE if unexpected stones are discovered at IOC, can add further to the cost, with the Sunflower study struggling to recruit patients to explore the usefulness of this pathway. LC subsequent to ERCP has also been shown to be more difficult and morbid, and, hence, preoperative ERCP is best avoided. No studies have been done on patient satisfaction, but common sense suggests that patients would prefer a single procedure if all other parameters were equal. Fast forward some 30 years to the present, an era in Australia where more and more procedures are being attempted laparoscopically, and even robotically, but where there is still a low uptake of laparoscopic CBDE. However, the tide appears to be turning. In this year's ASC, there were several talks from institutions across Australia presenting data regarding CBDE, additional to several recent publications by our group and others, with the focus particularly on TCBDE. The indication for an attempt at TCBDE is, in the simplest sense, choledocholithiasis. However, technical factors occasionally preclude TCBDE and chiefly relate to the favourability of the cystic duct for cannulation with a choledochoscope (e.g. the degree of Calot's triangle inflammation) and the number and size of the stones to be retrieved. The technology has improved and there are excellent re-usable and disposable 3 mm choledochoscopes available with good optics and tip manoeuvrability. Baskets with distal netting now allow easier stone engagement. It appears that success rates using choledochoscopy for stone retrieval are superior to the radiologically guided baskets popularized by Nathanson, upon which many of the early studies were based. Clearance rates of TCBDE of over 90% are routinely reported, without a long learning curve as most surgeons already have the combined flexible endoscopic and laparoscopic skills necessary for success. Whilst some start with strict rules regarding technical factors allowing TCBDE, such as less than three stones, with a maximum size less than 10 mm, the technology available and experience of practitioners are continuously expanding these


In the 65 million years since a mass extinction led to the demise of dinosaurs, evolution has generated amazingly diverse and complex foodwebs on each continent (1). These foodwebs contain hundreds to thousands of interacting species, each linked to other species either by feeding on them or by being fed on by them. However, it has been difficult to determine consumer diets across seasons, individuals, and space, and especially hard to quantify the strengths of these linkages in all but the simplest foodwebs. These issues have limited the ability of ecologists to understand how foodwebs are structured, how so many interacting species can coexist, and how the patterning and strengths of these linkages determine the stability of foodwebs (2). The use of next-generation sequencing is emerging as a key tool for quantifying, with fine resolution, the diet composition of consumers (3). By using these high-throughput techniques on fecal samples from large African herbivore species to quantify their diets, Kartzinel et al. (4) provide important insights into foodweb structure and coexistence in one of the few remaining terrestrial foodwebs that still has its full complement of large mammals.


A company is required to have a disciplined view and attitude to increase employee productivity, work discipline is the most important human resource management function and is closely related to the management of resources for a company. The purpose of this study was to determine the work discipline at the Public Appraisal Service Office Herly Ariawan and Partners, to determine the performance of employees at the Public Appraisal Service Office Herly Ariawan and Partners, to determine the work discipline on employee performance at the Public Appraisal Service Office Herly Ariawan and Partners. The research method used is quantitative associative. The data was obtained by distributing questionnaires using a saturated sample to 30 employees at the Public Appraisal Services Office Herly Ariawan and Partners. Analysis of the data used is a simple linear regression equation, simple correlation, coefficient of determination, and significance test. The population is 30 respondents with a sample of 30 respondents. There is a positive influence, between Work Discipline on Employee Performance at the Office of Public Appraisal Services Herly Ariawan and Partners based on hypothesis testing using t test that t count > t table or 2,053> 1,701 then show significant results. Or in other words, H 0 is rejected and H a is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between Work Discipline on Employee Performance at the Office of Public Appraisal Services Herly Ariawan and Partners.


A method for processing flows rejected filler in a paper mill or board, characterized in that at least one waste stream containing coating paste and at least one reject flow from a vortex cleaner are led to be simultaneously disintegrated in material flow in a device that operates on the principle of impact mill double-acting multiple rings, and the material flow disintegrated filling is carried to be partially reused in the papermaking.


Purpose – the purpose of this research is to identify the impact of the social media marketing techniques on the development of bars and clubs. Design/methodology/approach – In order to implement the aims of the research, quantitative research methodology was applied and cluster development approach was taken. The study was run between the active social network users in Lithuania. Impact of most popular communication channels (Facebook, Google Plus, YouTube) was studied and compared to other "traditional" channels: phone calls, e-mails, face-to-face conversations. Findings – During this research a negative impact of advertising using YouTube was found: students were less likely to go to a bar which was recording their presence at night and uploading the content to YouTube. Also it was identified that one of the key factors for the bar to be preferred is to be located next to other bars. Price sensitive customers were likely to pay extra for a joined ticket to attend several clubs per night. Research limitations/implications – Research was conducted using questioner in Lithuanian language, therefore only those who spoke Lithuanian, could participate in the survey. The research was conducted online, therefore those who have no Internet access, could not participate in the survey. Practical implications – The research represents the position of young generation, which is active in online social networks, on bars and clubs. As this segment is generally the main target group for bars and clubs worldwide, insights of this research can be applied by any marketers around the world. Originality/Value – The research is a fusion between trending topics like social marketing, hashtags and social media, and qualitative approach on problem analysis. At this point most of the research is focused on the potential that social networks. In this paper a merged and joined approached on the impact of social networking as a set of marketing channels was taken and applied in the field of development of the bars and clubs.


Through detecting tunnel lining defects,inside fracture surface outline,lining thickness,and leakiness part of back wall,combining with FLAC numerical simulation,this paper carries on security assessment on this tunnel.Results show that: although the initial completion support basically meets the stability requirements,there still exists some defects,and puts forward some proposals for tunnel maintenance management in the period of suspension,so as to ensure the tunnel safety construction.


Objective It is to observe the assistant therapy action of Lailikang grain on lung cancer in intermediate and advanced stage.Methods Seventy Qi deficient patients with lung cancer in intermediate and advanced stage were randomly divided into combine group(n=38) and control group(n=32).The patients in combine group were treated with chemotherapy and Lailikang grain.The patients in control group were treated with chemotherapy only.Results Compared with control group,the symptoms of Qi deficiency and effective power in combine group were improved(P0.01),the quality of life was improved(P0.05),and the toxicity of blood was decreased(P0.05).Conclusion Lailikang grain may be used for treating Qi deficient of lung cancer in intermediate and advanced stage.It may improve clinical proceeds curative effect,heighten the quality of life,increase chemotherapeutic effect and lighten the blood toxicity.


Objective To explore the application of evidence-basednursing care and postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer patients with skin reactions and effective means of intervention. Methods According to the specific conditions of 76 cases of cutaneous reactions in patients, propose nursing issue, collect relevant evidence,combined with the actual developmentand work outpractical nursing care plan, and take the appropriatenursing intervention. Results 76 patients with skin reactions after the intervention,were able to mitigate,to alleviate the suffering. The patient can completeradiation therapy successfully andachieve an effective expose dose. Conclusion Using evidence-based nursingcareto identify the factors of skin damage for breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, explore scientific and integrity nursing programs, can improve the quality of care.

Key words:
Evidence-based nursing care;  Breast cancer;  Radiotherapy;  Skin reaction


The Critical Management Studies, as an emerging perspective and research topic in management, has helped scholars to investigate management topics and issues with the perspective of Critical Theory of Frankfurt School. The Critical Theory itself is a synthesis of philosophy and social science which pioneered by several german philosophers in the beginning of 20 th century. Although this perspective regained its relevancy and popularity recently, in Indonesia, the Critical Management Studies is quite alien and rarely be employed as a discussion topic or a research perspective. Therefore, in this study we want to offer Critical Management Studies to be an important alternative and it will be very relevant to the development of management theory and research in Indonesia. We conduct a literature-based research and our results are appeared in four themes: (1) The explanation about the birth and the thought of Frankfurt School thinkers, (2) The description about the development of Critical Management Studies, (3) The critiques against Critical Management Studies from the mainstream management thought, (4) The evaluatiion of the concept of  Critical Management Studies from the researchers own perspective. We advise several potentialities and prospect for implementation of Critical Management Studies in the context of management theory development and research practice in Indonesia. However, as a conceptual study further effort still needed to apply this perspective .


This study reports the dielectric and leakage current properties of Mg 2 Hf 5 O 12 thin films deposited at room temperature by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Polycrystalline Mg 2 Hf 5 O 12 thin films showed a reasonably high dielectric constant (e r = 22) and greatly enhanced leakage current characteristics (<2 × 10 ―7 A/cm 2 ) compared to the leakage current (∼ 2 × 10- 5 A/cm 2 ) of HfO 2 thin films at 0.4 MV/cm. A bandedge spectroscopic analysis revealed lower conduction bandedge defect states and a greater p-type-like Fermi energy level of Mg 2 Hf 5 O 12 compared to the HfO 2 thin films. The suitability of Mg 2 Hf 5 O 12 films as gate insulators for low voltage operating InGaZnO 4 thin film transistors (TFTs) was investigated. All room-temperature processed InGaZnO 4 TFTs on plastic substrates exhibited a high field effect mobility of 27.32 cm 2 /Vs and a current on/off ratio of 4.01 × 10 6 . The threshold voltage and subthreshold swing were 2 V and 440 mV/dec, respectively. The fabrication and compositional manipulation method of the Mg 2 Hf 5 O 12 films described in this work is simple and versatile, providing fascinating opportunities for new high-k gate dielectrics.


We carried out the de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) experiment of an antiferromagnet CeCoGe 3 and its reference compound LaCoGe 3 without inversion symmetry in the tetragonal crystal structure. The detect...


System for optical communication withstand severe filtering effect from connecting the reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM), devices and methods are provided. Exemplary system includes a narrow-band differential phase shift keying (NB-DPSK) receiver configured to receive an optical signal. The receiver includes a delay line interferometer DLI having a smaller path length difference than about one bit period, and a detector for detecting the output of the DLI to form an electrical signal. Bandwidth NB-DPSK optical signal is smaller than about half of the first bit rate transmitter NB-DPSK optical signal is received therefrom. Electrical signals are processed to decode the transmitted data. Corresponding transmitter amplifies the first input signal having a first bit rate, to drive the DPSK modulator after amplification, NB-DPSK light having a smaller bandwidth than about half of the first bit rate to generate a signal.


This research evaluates the effect of quality service on customer satisfaction in program studies of uni¬versity that are granted with accreditation rate either A or B from Badan Akreditasi Nasional. It also attempts to evaluate different quality service from program studies of university that are granted with accreditation rate either A or B, and to evaluate different quality service from program studies of university that are granted with accredita¬tion in same rated. Quality service is measured with SERVQUAL in five dimensions: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangibles. The results show that customer satisfaction is affected by assurance, tangibles and reliability dimension. It also show that quality service is not different in program studies of university that are granted with accreditation rate ei¬ther A or B in reliability, responsiveness, tangible and empathy dimension. The different quality services from program studies of university that are granted with accreditation rate either A or B is on assurance dimension.  In program studies with same grant show that although they have accreditation rate A, they have different quality in five dimension, and in program studies that are granted with accreditation rate B, they have different quality in responsiveness, assurance and tangible dimension, but there are not different in empathy dimension. Key word: quality service, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy tangibles, Badan Akreditasi Nasional


Degenerative diseases and chronic diseases are often caused by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Antixodant as inhibitor are needed to prevent it which is one of antioxidant sources is tea. Tea processing generally produce various kinds of teas such as black, green and oolong tea. Tea processing affect the content of phenolic compounds. The aim of the research is to evaluate phytochemical content, total phenolic content of black tea, green tea and oolong tea extracts using catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin as standard, and to evaluate the antioxidative potency of black tea, green tea and oolong tea extracts compared to catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin. Phytochemical assay using modified Farnsworth method, the antioxidant activity were measured by by its 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. Green tea extract contained highest phenolic and flavonoid. The highest antioxidant activity was green tea extract with IC50=0,487 μg/mL. Green tea extract content phenol and flavonoid are higher compared to the other extracts, green tea extract has the highest antioxidant activity.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of management on the genetic structure of natural populations of Attalea speciosa in the State of Piaui, Brazil, using random- amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Three babassu populations under different management systems were selected. Polymerase chain reactions were performed for 20 RAPD primers. A total of 146 bands were generated, 141 of which were polymorphic (96.58%), with a variation of 4 and 12 loci and an average of 7 bands per primer. A dendrogram revealed a clear separation between the three populations (0.57). Data reliability and node consistency were verified by bootstrap values and the cophenetic correlation coefficient (88.15%). Coefficients of similarity between pairs of genotypes ranged from 0.26 to 0.86, with a mean of 0.57. Nei's genetic diversity index (H E ) value of the population sampled in Teresina was 0.212, of Esperantina it was 0.195, and of Jose de Freitas it was 0.207. After the H E was decomposed, the complete diversity was found to be 0.3213. Genetic differentiation between populations was


Three large and diverse data sets were used to study the relations among 6th–12th grade students' community service and service-learning experiences, academic success, and socioeconomic status (SES). Principals in high-poverty, urban, and majority nonwhite schools were more likely to judge service-learning's impact on student attendance, engagement, and academic achievement as very positive. Students with higher levels of service/service-learning reported higher grades, attendance, and other academic success outcomes. Low-SES students with service/service-learning scored better on most academic success variables than their low-SES peers with less or no service or service-learning. Service-learning may be especially attractive to principals of low-SES schools, in part because it may be related to higher achievement generally and to smaller achievement gaps between higher- and lower-income students.


Hypervelocity impact by space debris on spacecraft is one of the most important issues for space development and operation, especially considering the growing amount of space debris in recent years. It is therefore important for spacecraft design to evaluate the impact risk by using environment models. In this paper, the authors compared the results of the debris impact flux in low Earth orbit, as calculated by four debris environment engineering models—NASA's ORDEM2000 and ESA's MASTER-2001, MASTER-2005 and MASTER-2009. The results reveal large differences in the flux estimation for debris larger than 1 mm and more than 100 m in diameter.


We have investigated the effect of narrow band-pass filter's group delay ripples on the 10 Gbit/s amplitude-shift-keying non-return-to-zero (ASK_NRZ) and differential-phase-shift-keying non-return-to-zero (DPSK_NRZ) wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) optical communication systems, which support the huge capacity in the information transmission and display backbone networks. For both ASK and DPSK, there is a peak at a ripple frequency close to the signal data rate in the EOP (eye-opening penalty) vis Frequency of Ripple curve. The EOP of DPSK_NRZ is better than that of ASK_NRZ in the higher ripple frequency region. Through numerical simulation, it's found that the ripple amplitude basically determines the system performance. These results will be helpful to design the large-scale transmission systems and define such narrow band-pass filter design parameters.


Linear quadratic state feedback regulators make the resulting closed-loop systems stable enough, i.e. they realize robust stabilization. Many attempts at robust stabilization using linear quadratic regulators have been reported. One of the major trends of formulating uncertainty in systems is to express perturbed parameters as the sum of two terms, i.e. nominal values and the deviation from them. In this paper, it is assumed that the upper and lower bounds for each uncertain parameter can somehow be estimated. This enables us to dispense with nominal values. The main aim is to contrive a robust feedback stabilization law for systems with parameters falling into certain ranges via a linear quadratic regulator based only upon information on their bounds. The systems under consideration are therefore those having interval system matrices (in which each element has the above-mentioned two-sided bounds). A certain feedback law is a stabilizing law for a system with an interval system matrix if and only if the ...


A Monte Carlo learning and biasing technique that does its learning and biasing in the random number space rather than the physical phase space is described. The technique is probably applicable to...


Unique correlations between the electrical and optical characteristics of InGaN∕(In)GaN multiple quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were investigated over a broad range of temperatures. The dependence of nonunity ideality factors extracted from the current-voltage analysis on temperature determines the carrier-transport mechanisms in the heterodevices. The pseudotemperatures To for the LEDs with multiquantum barriers and with GaN barriers were found to be 945 and 1385K, respectively, at temperatures of 180–300K while having values of 1195 and 2720K below about 180K. Correspondingly, the temperature-dependent electroluminescence observations suggest that the To anomaly caused the spectral intensity to deteriorate.


Let V be a one-dimensionalFq-space and G be a subgroup in A?L(V) ~ =A?L(1, q) containing the translations and acting primitively on the set of vectors in V. Let G0be the stabilizer in G of the zero vector, so thatG0??L(V) ~ =?L(1, q) and G=V:G0 . Suppose that ? is a graph structure on V on which G acts distance-transitively. Such graphs of diameter at most 2 are known from the literature. Here, we show that if ? has diameter at least 3, then q= 64, G0 ~ =Z9: Z3or Z9: Z6and ? is the Hamming graph H(4, 3).


: The ability to handle large amounts of unstructured information, to optimize strategic business opportunities, and to identify fundamental lessons among competitors through benchmarking, are essential skills of every business sector. Currently, there are dozens of social media analytics' applications aiming at providing organizations with informed decision making tools. However, these applications rely on providing quantitative information, rather than qualitative information that is relevant and intelligible for managers. In order to address these aspects, we propose a semi-supervised learning procedure that discovers and compiles information taken from online social media, organizing it in a scheme that can be strategically relevant. We illustrate our procedure using a case study where we collected and analysed the social media discourse of 43 organizations operating on the Higher Public Polytechnic Education Sector. During the analysis we created an "editorial model" that characterizes the posts in the area. We describe in detail the training and the execution of an ensemble of classifying algorithms. In this study we focus on the techniques used to increase the accuracy and stability of the classifiers.


The way of living and life-style of Suzhou citizens tend to be artistic, as a result of which their art and daily life begin to merge into one organic whole. The intelligence and exquisiteness of their cultural character find expression in their artistic creations. Such a unique cultural character offers a sure foothold for the connotation of cultured Suzhou. So-called cultured Suzhou, a cultural strategy developed in accordance with the economic and cultural integration and globalization and with the transitional stage of the Chinese culture, consists mainly of the following aspects: (1) pushing forward the process of urban culture, developing core industries in harmony with the local cultural character, which should be retained during the process of urbanization and modernization; (2)obtaining an image of"cultured Suzhou" in cultural exchanges; (3)speeding up the contemporary cultural construction; (4)promoting the industry of culture.


A rhizosphere fungus was isolated from roots of chilli plants and identified as Aspergillus spp. PPA1. The fungus was tested for its ability to promote the growth of cucumber plants in a pot experiment. Cucumber seeds were sown in sterilised field soil amended with wheat grain inoculum (WGI) of PPA 1 at the rate of 0.5, 1 and 1.5% w/w, and plants were grown for 21 days in a net house. The treatment with PPA1 significantly increased shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, plant length, leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content of cucumber plants compared to non-treated control. The growth promotion rate increased with the increasing concentration of inoculum of PPA1 applied to the soil. The fungus was re-isolated from the roots of cucumber plants at higher frequencies. These results suggest that Aspergillus spp. PPA1 is a root colonising plant-growth promoting fungus for cucumber.


A novel six-wavelength Raman fibre laser exhibiting a dynamic gain flattening capability in the C + L optical telecommunications band is demonstrated. The power distribution in the six lasing wavelengths is adjusted with voltage-controlled Bragg-grating output couplers. The fibre laser was used as a pump source for distributed Raman amplification in several transmission span lengths. For example, the multiwavelength laser provides an on/off gain of 19 dB over a 100 km span of True-Wave RS optical fibre. The measured gain flatness is 1.7 dB peak-peak and the effective noise figure ranges from 1.6 to -5.2 dB in the 1530 to 1600 nm bandwidth.


MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION. M4y friend, Professor MeWeeney, of Dublin, carefully examined sections of the growth, and his report is as follows: The piece of tissue was sent in formalin, and consisted of a subcutaneous nodule about the size of a pea, covered with skin, which was ulcerated towards one end of the mass. The piece was embedded in paraffin and a series of thin sections cut, stained by various methods and microscopically examined with the following result: The tissue consists of a mass of round and oval cells very closely packed and so obscuring the details of the original structure that no trace of it is now discernible. The cells consist almost entirely of nucleus, but little protoplasm being visible. The nucleus of some is round, of others oval. They take the nuclear stain rather deeply, as a rule, so that one might almost term the cells with round nuclei " lymphocytes," whilst the oval nuclei look as if they belonged to fibroblasts at an early stage of development. There are, however, no traces of any tendency to forimation of fibrous tissue. At no place is there any tendeney to necros s or caseation. Blood vessels arc scanty -scarcely to be found at all towards the centre of the cell mass. Scattered through it are patches of somewhat different looking cells, surrounded by a hyaline, structureless investment not unlike a basement-membrane. These cells bear a certain resemblance to altered, so to speak " undifferentiated" cells of the deeper layers of the overl% ing epidermis. I look upon them (the cell groups) as appearances caused by oblique section of deeply penetrating downgrowths of the epithelium. At one end of the surface a very distinct swelling and proliferation of the epithelium exists, with formation of many anastomosing cylindrical downgrowths, which become fused together so as to form three suiperposed layers of cubical and columnar celli corresponding to the rete Malpighi, and separated by oedematous tissue more or less infiltrated with round cells. There are one or two masses of laminated appearance resembling cell nests in this neighbourhood, and the aspect of this part of the tissue strongly suggests squamous epithelioma. Careful study of the downgrowths, however, does not confirqt this view. The nuclei of the rete Malpighi are in the resting stage, and present no suggestion of mitotic activity. There are no isolated islands of epitheliurm. and the d1epth of penetration of the doWDgrowths is not great enough to suppor-t the view that the process is a malignant one. About I mm. from this point the epidermis presents a totally different aspect, being raised up into a sort of minute vesicle containing clouds of cocci, prominent amongst which are beautiful long chains of streptococci. There are also some pus cells here and structureless d6bris. Another millimetre or two farther on the epidermis is partly destroyed by ulceration and covered with a crust of necrotic material (inspissated secretion ?), which is simply swarming with cocci, so numerous as to form streaks visible to the naked eye when stained by Gram's method. They lie on the surface and between the layers of the crust. Beyond this again the surface epithelium gradually dies away, being replaced by a layer of granulation tissue abounding in micro organisms (cocci). This corresponds to the ulcerated part of the nodule. The cellular tissue which formned the main mass of the nodule seemed quite free from micro-organisms. Not a trace of leprosy or other bacilli could be detected even with the highest powers usually employed. It is enceivable that cuiltuiral methods might be more effective. They were, of course, inapplicable in the present case. I cannot regard the micrcooci found on the surface of the ulcer and beneath the up-raised epidermis as responsible for the subcutaneous nodule (from the interior of which they are absent). They are to be looked upon as mere secondary intruders that have settled upon the undermined and devitalized epidermis, and have, no doubt, tended to accentuate the ulcerative process. The film preparations sent along with the tissue represent the secretion that might be collected from such a surface. They show pus cells, red blood corpuscles, and a most various collection of micro-organisms. It seems clear to me that, taking the microscopical appearances, and the excellent photographs and lantern slides that have been enclosed that this is a beautifully-marked case of mycosis fungoides. There were no areas of anaesthesia, but the tumours were absolutely painless, and no bacilli present showing tuberculosis.


The editors of Vox Theologica have asked me for a "survey of Zwingli research in the last five to ten years." However, to understand this subject thematically and methodologically one must go farther back. For the prevailing image of Zwingli today has been formed by three well-known books: 1) Die Kirchenratsauswahl, 1918; 2) Paul Wernle, Zwingli, 1919; 3) Walther Köhler, Huldrych Zwingli, 1943/1954. Walther Köhler (1870–1946), a native of strongly Reformed Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Professor of Church History in Zürich from 1909 to 1929, himself theologically of liberal orientation, was one of the foremost authorities not only on the Reformation as a whole but also on the other movements of the sixteenth century, especially Humanism and Anabaptism. Through countless books, articles and reviews, and through his introductions in the great critical edition of Zwingli's works, he became actually the dean of Zwingli research. Even those who, like this writer, did not know him personally and who differ from him on essential points owe him reverence.


We compute the second order transport coefficients of a hydrodynamic theory with Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity dual. We show the breakdown of the universal hydrodynamic relation $ -2 \lambda_0 + 4 \lambda_1 - \lambda_2 = 0 $ for the general values of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling.


Water scarcity has attracted plenty of attention from all over the world for recent decades. Comprehensive models need to be established to evaluate and solve this problem.This paper first build a dynamic model to evaluate the balance between demand and supply of water resources. The WSI indicator is used to express relationship between water demand and supply. The total demand is divided into three aspects. We define different calculation formulas which are related to industrial pollution,planting area and population. While the total supply is the addition of groundwater, the surface water, the trans-regional water drainage and the water in the reservoir. Economical scarcity is taken into our model consideration through the index NDI, which is the ratio of the water deficit and rainfall.Water resources carrying capacity evaluation model system is the comprehensive three-level hierarchy structure analysis, to evaluate water situation of the South Carolina.


Purpose. – The aim of the study was to assess thermal effects and cardiovascular autonomic control with application of a gaseous cryotherapy device to the hand. Material and methods. – Before, during and after cooling of the left hand, we continuously evaluated cutaneous temperature of the right and left hands, as well as heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (BP) and their neurovegetatif control (HR and BP variability) in 8 healthy subjects. Comparison of cooling caused by projection of CO2 microcrystals (2 min) under high pressure (75 bar) and low temperature (–78 °C) to that with application of a latex ice pack (15 min). Assessment of whether cooling triggered any changes in cardiovascular autonomic control, especially as compared with responses by the hand cold-pressure test (2 min). http://france.elsevier.com/direct/ANNRMP/ Annales de réadaptation et de médecine physique 50 (2007) 209–217 * Auteur correspondant. Adresse e-mail : email@example.com (L. Mourot). 0168-6054/$ see front matter © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés. doi:10.1016/j.annrmp.2007.01.005 Au th or 's pe rs on al co py Results. – CO2 projection in the left hand induced a steep decrease (–26 °C) in temperature followed by a rapid increase and a cutaneous vasoconstriction of the right hand, with significant increases in BP and cardiac parasympathetic activity. Cardiovascular responses were similar to those with application of the hand cold-pressure test. Application of an ice pack decreased cutaneous temperature to a lesser extent (–19 °C) and more slowly, without changing BP or indices of HR and BP variability. Conclusion. – CO2 projection caused "thermal shock" and triggered a systemic cutaneous vasoconstriction response, with activation of indices of both orthoand parasympathetic activity, as with the hand cold-pressure test. Vascular responses during ice pack cooling appeared solely localised to the cooled area, without any significant change in autonomic cardiovascular control. © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés. Mots clés : Système nerveux autonome ; Froid ; Analyse spectrale ; Diagramme de Poincaré ; Cardiovasculaire


This reviewer, no doubt like many others familiar with the waterway, has often wondered what traffic it carried at various periods. His curiosity has been satisfied by the author's analysis of the records (pp. 85 if.) which gives numbers and types of vessels and their cargoes. The original military purpose was at least not wholly forgotten, for some transports and naval vessels did make their way along the waterway, but freight was the main element. In modern years the waterway has been used only by pleasure boats, and these in surprising numbers. The second half of the book will revive pleasant memories for those who have already taken all or part of the iourney, and tempt those who have not to set out on whatever craft they command--keeping at close hand Mr. Legget's readable guide. G. Dr. T.


Taro Shimizu presented a new diagnostic thinking forcing strategy (Shimizu's article), not previously explicitly defined, comprising Horizontal Tracing (HTr) based on identifying primary diagnoses (PDs) that allows simultaneous identification of other possible associated conditions, using what are essentially simple flowcharts, and Vertical Tracing (VTr) that entails searching for aetiological diagnoses underlying the PD. The scheme outlined is a coherent way of delivering a full diagnosis that must include anatomical, physiological and aetiological elements.

There are five considerations. First, in clinical medicine, uncertainty and complexity abound 'cognitive noise' and errors made initially in PDs may result in amplified errors. Humans cannot adequately cope with such complexities because they …


(73) Assignee: KONINKLUKEPHILIPS The invention relates to a pointing device (40) for indicating ELECTRONICS N.V., EINDHOVEN (NL) the spatial position of markers (2) to a localization system (10). The pointing device (40) comprises a sensor (42) that detects ifa definite interaction with the marker (2) takes place. 21) Appl. No.: 12/S27.946 (21) Appl. No 9 The sensor (42) may for example be a pressure sensor (42) (22) PCT Filed: Feb. 22, 2008 that determines if the contact force exceeds a threshold which could lead to undesired shifts of the marker (2). The pointing (86). PCT No.: PCT/B2O08/OSO653 device (40) is used to determine the spatial coordinates of the


This is a complete overview about the convicted women through Spanish history. Focusing in the analysis of four determinant events: the inequality existing in the imposition of the sentences, the development of the female delinquency theories, the creation of institutions such as Las Galeras, Las Casas de Misericordia and the reformatory homes, fi nalising with Concepción Arenal and Victoria Kent as two of the most important fi gures in the feminist penitentiary thinking. This is a walk through the social and legal perspective of the female delinquency that takes us to the present day, carrying within the androcentric point of view found nowadays when approaching the peninteciary system.


THE PENULTIMATE SCENE OF EURIPIDES' Cyclops has disappointed many critics. Those who defend it do so simply because it is funny. No one has remarked that this scene is crucial to the play's argument-it is here that Odysseus defeats the Cyclops, reversing their earlier confrontation, and it is here that he finally supplants Silenus and takes control of the chorus. Criticism of the scene is widespread but hardly consistent. Duchemin found it "remarquablement r6duit" and supposed that the author was rushed; she has been followed by Arnott and Wetzel.' Schmidt, following Bernhardy, thought it "leider sehr weit ausgesponnen."2 Lasserre concluded that "l'action n'en est pas touch6e;"3 to Masqueray it was "peu motivee."4 Arrowsmith found that "this initial sympathy [for Odysseus] is nonetheless quickly alienated.. . by Polyphemus' transformation into a drunken, almost lovable, buffoon."5 The scene's defenders have generally argued only that it is amusing, iocossissime inventa,6 and they qualify even this: the farce "must obviously depend on the ingenuity of the actors;"' "the poet had made a firm decision and he must have seen the consequences."' The one critic to have studied the scene in detail, L. E. Rossi, argues


Hijamah (Cupping therapy) is an age old method of bloodletting through a local suction on the skin after scarification in order to preserve health and prevent diseases. Its evidence exists in the classical literature of Unani Medicine day back from the time of Buqrat (Hippocrates 460-370 BC). Cupping therapy is found to have both curative and preventive capabilities. By improving the circulation of blood, lymph and other vital fluids and breaking up and dispersing blockages and congestions offending waste matter, toxins and morbid humors, cupping improves the eliminative functions and the evacuation of wastes from the body. In Unani Medicine, the proper and timely evacuation of wastes from the body ( Istifragh ) forms an important aspect of hygiene and preventive medicine. The present study is an attempt to reveal the role of cupping therapy in health promotion and disease prevention.


TO THE EDITOR: We read with interest the paper by Frenzel et al. (1) assessing the diagnostic value of antibodies to filamentous-actin (A-FAA) detected by ELISA in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The authors compared the diagnostic value of A-FAA with that of smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). The evaluation of the diagnostic performance of A-FAA and SMA was performed at various cutoffs. In a retrospective analysis of 47 SMA-positive AIH patients A-FAA showed a sensitivity of 100% using a cutoff of 20 units. Moreover, in a prospective analysis of 123 patients with various liver diseases (35 of whom had AIH), A-FAA showed a higher sensitivity than SMA (74% vs 34%) when the cutoffs were 20 units and titer 1:40, respectively.


Immense numbers of textual documents are available in a digital form. Research activities are focused on methods of how to speed up their processing to avoid information overloading or to provide formal structures for the problem solving or decision making of intelligent agents. Ontology learning is one of the directions which contributes to all of these activities. The main aim of the ontology learning is to semi-automatically, or fully automatically, extract ontologies—formal structures able to express information or knowledge. The primary motivation behind this paper is to facilitate the processing of a large collection of papers focused on disaster management, especially on tsunami research, using the ontology learning. Various tools of ontology learning are mentioned in the literature at present. The main aim of the paper is to uncover these tools, i.e., to find out which of these tools can be practically used for ontology learning in the tsunami application domain. Specific criteria are predefined for their evaluation, with respect to the "Ontology learning layer cake", which introduces the fundamental phases of ontology learning. ScienceDirect and Web of Science scientific databases are explored, and various solutions for semantics extraction are manually "mined" from the journal articles. ProgrammableWeb site is used for exploration of the tools, frameworks, or APIs applied for the same purpose. Statistics answer the question of which tools are mostly mentioned in these journal articles and on the website. These tools are then investigated more thoroughly, and conclusions about their usage are made with respect to the tsunami domain, for which the tools are tested. Results are not satisfactory because only a limited number of tools can be practically used for ontology learning at present.


Background and Purpose: Injection of arginine vasopressin into the cerebral ventricles in animals with brain injury increased brain water, whereas injection of atrial natriuretic peptide reduced water content. Therefore, to determine the role of endogenous arginine vasopressin in brain edema, we attempted to inhibit edema from a hemorrhagic lesion with an arginine vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist or atrial natriuretic peptide. Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats with hemorrhages induced by 0.4 IU bacterial collagenase were treated with 75 ng (n=9) or 8 μg (n=9) of the vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)Arg, 3.2 μg (n=4) atrial natriuretic peptide injected intracerebrally, or 5 μg/kg per hour (n=7) atrial natriuretic peptide intraperitoneally. They were compared with control groups injected with 0.4 IU collagenase only. Brain water and electrolytes were measured 24 hours later. Brain uptake of [14C] sucrose was measured 30 minutes after lesions were induced by 0.4 IU collagenase alone (n=5) or after collagenase injection and 50 μg/kg per hour n=5) atrial natriuretic peptide injected intravenously. Results: The arginine vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist and atrial natriuretic peptide significantly (p<0.05) reduced water and sodium contents in the posterior edematous regions. Brain uptake of [14C] sucrose was significantly reduced by intravenous atrial natriuretic peptide. Conclusions: Antagonists to arginine vasopressin V1 receptors and atrial natriuretic peptide both significantly reduce hemorrhagic brain edema, and atrial natriuretic peptide appears to protect the blood-brain barrier.


HIV is a pandemic which has spread across the world. Millions of people suffer from HIV and lose their lives because of this deadly virus. Computational tools have already helped in the discovery of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, the best example in this regards is Ritonavir. It is a highly active anti-retro viral drug which was discovered with the help of CADD. Bioinformatics is the science of managing and analyzing huge amount of biological data with the help of advanced computing tools and software programmes. Biological databases provides potential and useful drug targets associated with the HIV drug resistance. HIV drugs such as Doravirine, rilpivirine, nevirapine, atazanavir, lopinavir etc have shown resistance.


The supply of information that reflects the performance of entities is among the most important objectives of financial statements, so that by publishing them, entities meet the requirements of a diverse range of users. Regarding the measurement of financial performance, the benchmark or basis for calculating many performance indicators was considered profit, but over time, in the process of performance measurement, other relevant concepts made their way, one of these concepts being the result per action. Thus, for a more consistent analysis of the performance of the sampled entities (companies listed on the BSE), the main objective of this paper is the analysis of the result per share indicator, this result per share being analyzed according to the main field of activity.


Sri Lanka is one of the most peaceful and stable countries in the world today. Its citizens enjoy the benefits of peace and have complete freedom and countless opportunities to build better futures for themselves. At the same time, Sri Lanka faces potential threats from various sources. Guarding against these threats and ensuring the safety of the nation is the first duty of the government, because national security is the foundation of freedom and prosperity. As such, the government needs to be fully aware of all the issues that impact the country in areas such as defense, foreign policy, economic affairs and internal law and order. It must formulate a comprehensive national security strategy to deal with them.A viable national security strategy must constantly align ends with means, goals with resources, and objectives with the tools required to accomplish them. The strategy needs to be aligned with the aspirations of the people, and it must have public support. Ideally, if comprehensive security is to be ensured, it requires the achievement of national cohesion, political and economic stability, the elimination of terrorism, the countering of extremism, and the formulation of effective responses to external challenges. The government must make every effort to keep aware of a continually changing situation and take appropriate action in response to new developments and challenges. It is only then that the safety of the nation can be assured.This article on Sri Lanka's national security concerns examines the following areas:* Sri Lanka's overall national security context;* The primary threats to Sri Lanka's national security at present; and,* The strategies being formulated in response to these threats.The Context of National Security in Sri LankaIn the early years of independence, national security did not need to be a primary concern of the government of Ceylon. As an independent dominion of Great Britain, and as a non-aligned nation with excellent relationships within and outside the region, Ceylon faced few pressing threats. As a result, the attention given to national security was minimal, as was the emphasis placed on the country's defense apparatus. The military was largely ceremonial. It only had to assist the government on occasions when there were issues such as public sector work stoppages or riots. The need to strengthen law enforcement and the armed forces to protect the nation against internal or external threats was not seen as a pressing concern. The attempted coup d'etat in 1962 further reduced the attention given to the defense apparatus by the government. Fearing that a strong military would be a threat to democracy, as had been the case in some neighboring countries during this period, funding for the armed forces was drastically reduced and recruitments curtailed.Ceylon's weak military was not in a good position to deal with the first major threat to its national security, which came as the 1971 Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) Insurrection (also known as the 1971 Revolt). Although investigations into JVP activities had been going on for some time, cutbacks to intelligence services, including the closure of the special branch of the police in 1970, had left the government largely unaware of the scale of the insurrection it was facing. The nation's military was not up to the task. In response to the government's appeals for help, India and Pakistan sent in troops to secure critical installations while essential equipment and ammunition was provided by Britain and the Soviet Union. Although the insurrection was successfully suppressed within a short time, it had many consequences. Perhaps the most crucial from a historical perspective was that national security became a much greater concern both for the government and for the general public. As Ceylon became Sri Lanka in 1972, upholding national security was one of its foremost priorities.In the late 1970s, Sri Lanka saw the emergence of the greatest threat to its sovereignty in the form of the terrorism of the Tamil separatist groups in the North and East. …


One of the main reasons for accidents on circulating fluidized bed boilers is the abrasion wear of metallic parts and fireproof materials.In this paper,the relation between wear of surface and the particle diameter,the material hardness,and the mechanisms and characteristics of wear of heating surfaces on circulating fluidized bed boilers were discussed.A wearing analysis was carried out at different locations on a 450 t?h-1 circulation fluid bed boiler,and relevant antiwear measures were suggested.


in conveying the function of social casework to the lay public at least in part to the fact that our language is too technical. In doing so, we forget that the development of a special vocabulary is a necessary phase in the growth of a science and a scientific profession as it goes through the process of organizing its knowledge into a consistently integrated system. As terms which at one time have had only colloquial or common-sense meaning take on a special significance among the members of a profession, a professional shorthand comes into being. This indicates that conceptualization of the knowledge which a profession calls characteristically its own has begun or is in process. We may, therefore, ask ourselves this question: Why is it desirable to examine the vocabulary of social casework? Do we not all speak the same professional language? The answer is that basically we do. However, the terms we use in our professional language do not seem to have been defined with as much precision as might be desirable for effective communication even among ourselves. Furthermore, even where meanings were clear at one time, the impact of societal change


Current guidelines recommend combination antiretroviral treatment for all patients with HIV infection.[1][1],[2][2] The backbone of this treatment regimen is a dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor combination, typically tenofovir/emtricitabine or abacavir/lamivudine, which is combined


A BSTRACT: The riots in Solo, Central Java, Indonesia, become a n historical phenomenon with different perceived conclusions. The political approach gives an answer that the riots have taken place due to the loss of political and cultural identities in line with the disappearance of feudalistic structures which have mastered Solo for ages. The economic approach tends to use Marxis t analysis, i.e. the existence of the exploitation of the production facility owners toward the majority . M eanwhile, the sociological approach concludes that there is a conflict thinking pattern in the community to cope with the problems considered as the foundation for their collective memory. In the context of racial riots and chaos in Solo City has often taken place in various scales. From Mataram kingdom in the seventeenth century to the "O rde Baru " (New Order) government in twentieth century , there were tragedies but the basic causes and core problems of the tragedies were not yet clearly known. This paper revealed the chaotic tragedy in Solo, Central Java, Indonesia, particularly the racial tragedy blaming the Chinese ethnic who was considered to fight over the topographi cal city space. The double standards of the settlement policy done by the Solo royal palace and the Dutch colonial government formed the city space which was potentially conflicting. This paper is not a superficial study which has been done so far, but it clearly illustrates how this conflict actually took place in order that public can get in-depth understanding regarding the issue. KEY WORDS : Chinese ethnic, Solo city , royal palace , Dutch colonial, Indonesian government, discrimination and alienation, chaotic tragedy, and city space . About the Author: Dr. Priyanto Wibowo is a Senior Lecturer at the Chinese Study Programme, Department of History, Faculty of Humanities UI (University of Indonesia), UI Campus Depok, West Java, Indonesia. Corresponding author is: email@example.com How to cite this article? Wibowo, Priyanto. (2013). "When Ethnics Compete the Lands: Historical Study on the Racial Riots in Solo City, Central Java, Indonesia" in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies , Vol.5(1) October, pp.17-28. Bandung, Indonesia: ASPENSI [Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia] and UVRI [Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia], ISSN 2085-0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (August 19, 2013); Revised (September 21, 2013); and Published (October 28, 2013).


The continued development of web-based resources such as Facebook, Twitter is having an increased effect on social networks. The identification of crucial individuals inside a social network is a key challenge for social network research. This article attempts in this context to present the current research on critical social network interventions. Because of very different findings on the consistency of various centralized measures, it also shows the enormous value of using current centralized measures in a reflected way. For this reason, few common centrality steps are evaluated in the paper based on the three essential compliance criteria. Currently, business leaders are spreading their business on social networks to reach customers. This study also captures the techniques of identifying the central leaders in social networks.


Purpose: Patients with advanced Blount disease present severe metaphyseal varus associated with an oblique medial tibial plateau. Prior to 1987, we used tibial wedge osteotomy to correct the varus deformation and in certain situations also raised the medial plateau with the wedge. From 1987, we performed both procedures during the same operation. The purpose of this work was to describe our technique and evaluate the results of the dual technique. Material and methods: Between 1987 and 2000, we performed 31 dual procedures. Fifteen patients who had advanced-stage Blount disease were seen late (eight before complete fusion of the growth cartilage and seven as adults). Thirteen children presented recurrent varus deformation after osteotomy during childhood. One patient presented tibia vara during adolescence and three others had poly-epiphyseal dysplasia. Mean age at osteotomy was 17 years (range 10–40). For all patients, the operative technique consisted in lateral closed wedge osteotomy associated with a second access for an oblique osteotomy directed towards the tibial spikes to insert the lateral wedge medially and raise the medial plateau. A mid-third fibular osteotomy was also performed together with stapling for tibial epiphysiodesis superior and lateral when the growth cartilage was still active. We recorded pre- and postoperatively: mechanical femoro-tibial angle, the tibial and femoral mechanical angles to determine intra-osseous deformation, the slope of the medial plateau, and the length of the lower limbs at the end of growth. Results: Mean follow-up was eight years. Fusion was achieved in all patients. The mechanical femoro-tibial angle was 148.5 (mean) preoperatively giving 31.5° (20–42) varus and 178° postoperatively. The mean femoral mechanical angle was 94°, giving 4° valgus (range 88–102°) preoperatively, with no change postoperatively. The mean mechanical tibial angle was 71° preoperatively (intra-osseous varus of 19°) and 89° postoperatively. The medial tibial plateau slope was 45° preoperatively and 22° postoperatively. Leg length discrepancy was 2.2 cm at last follow-up (range 0.5–5 cm). Discussion: Different techniques have been described for correcting two deformation components during the same operation. Here, we used the metaphyso-epiphyseal oblique osteotomy technique. This technique assumes that the medial part of the cartilage has already fused and requires fusion of the lateral part when it is active. Currently, we use chondrodiastasis with a special external fixator when the cartilage is still active. This corrects the alignment and raises the plateau, treating the length discrepancy by lengthening. The dual osteotomy technique is reserved for patients with total physis fusion. A long-term analysis after dual osteotomy in comparison with chondrodiastasis will be needed to determine the relative merits of the two techniques and the frequency of secondary osteoarthritis. This work is being conducted at the orthopaedic surgery department of the Fort-de-France University Hospital in Martinique.


This book presents a relatively orthodox ethnographic statement about peasant life in southern Italy. While much of the material supports and supplements what might be loosely characterized as &dquo;typical&dquo; of European peasant communities, sufficient details of local nuances are given to portray the uniqueness of Pisticci and the Pisticcesi people. The author emphasizes the point that we find here a mixture of the bizarre and the &dquo;ordinary&dquo; and then proceeds to de-emphasize the bizarre while at the same time making the &dquo;ordinary&dquo; interesting. The keynote of Pisticci seems to be the balanced contrast between poverty and ignorance on the one hand, and sensitivity, sophistication and self-pride on the other. Pisticcesi like to think they are &dquo;in control&dquo; through the exercise of honour and by being &dquo;cunning and craft&dquo;. Reactions to modernization seem to be less economically significant than their effects upon honour and self respect. Basically the format follows traditional anthropological ethnographic statements about geographical location, demography, economics, family and kin, politics, etc., but it may be broadly divided into two sections as indicated by the title, Land and Family in Pisticci. Land, family, and the link between them, work,


Pilot scale studics on the beneficiation of low-grade fluorspar and copper-lead-zinc ore were investigated using flotation columns. Acidspar concentrates suitable for HF production can be produced by adopting two-stage column cleaning in place of multi-stage cleaning by conventional
flotation cells. A three-column canfiguration in the place of four-stage cleaning in acidspar circuit and four in metspar circuit was suggested. Similarly, it was demonstrated that a single stage cleaning by flotation column was found to be sufficient in the plnce of two-stage cleaning by conventional flotation cells to obtain bulk concentrates of Cu-Pb-Zn.


Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotoxic risk in anthracosilicosis patients and in those with occupational exposure to coal dust. Materials and methods. We studied micronuclei (MN) and other cytogenetic lesions in blood lymphocytes in three groups of men comparable in age: 74 coal miners suffering from anthracosilicosis (AS), 41 healthy miners, and 70 control donors. Results. A significant increase in the frequency of MN was revealed with a simultaneous decrease in proliferative activity in samples of healthy and sick miners compared with the control. The level of MN in the lymphocytes of patients with AS significantly exceeded the corresponding indicator in the sample of healthy miners (1.22 ± 0.05% versus 1.03 ± 0.07%; p < 0.01). The age of the subjects and the status of smoking did not have a significant effect on the frequency of cytogenetic parameters. Conclusion. AS in miners makes an additional contribution to the formation of DNA damage in lymphocytes. This contribution is probably due to oxidative stress accompanying inflammatory processes in pulmonary fibrosis. The results of the study also indicate the absence of differences in the frequency of MN when comparing subgroups of current and former miners. This means that the genotoxic effects in the lymphocytes of miners are able to persist for a long time after the termination of exposure by adverse factors in coal mining.


This paper studies the effect of human awareness on a distributed continuous-time bi-virus model in which two competing viruses diffuse over a network comprised of multiple groups of individuals. When contacting infected individuals in their own and neighboring groups, individuals may either be infected by one of the two viruses with a virus-dependent infection rate or become alert. Alert individuals may be infected by either virus but with a smaller virus-dependent infection rate, and the alert state also diffuses over the network. Limiting behaviors of the model are studied by analyzing the equilibria of the system and their stability. Both equilibria and their stability are compared with those of the model without human awareness.


We have purified and determined functional parameters of reconstituted, recombinant HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT) heterodimers within which either the p66 or p51 polypeptide was selectively mutated in one or both aspartic acid residues constituting the proposed polymerase active site (‐Y‐M‐D‐D‐). Heterodimers containing a mutated p51 polypeptide retain almost wild type levels of both RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNaseH) activity. In contrast, heterodimers whose p66 polypeptide was likewise mutated exhibit wild type RNaseH activity but are deficient in RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase activity. These results indicate that in heterodimer RT, the p51 component cannot compensate for active site mutations eliminating the activity of p66, indirectly implying that solely the p66 aspartic acid residues of heterodimer are crucial for catalysis.


FEARS THAT trust nurse directors could be summarily dismissed by the health secretary have been played down by the government. The Health and Social Care Bill gives the health secretary the power to sack the executive directors of NHS trusts, prompting concerns that the power could be misused.


The advances of digital technologies of the past decade have penetrated every profession, and have widened the dimension of every aspect of our daily life. One of them is the development of virtual communities, which are becoming a necessity of everyone's extended society. The management of virtual communities is confronted with competition like other traditional business. It is well known that the ability of knowledge sharing among users of a community is the corner stone in building a successful virtual community. There are many factors that prohibit the willingness of users to share knowledge, which may include factors pertaining to organization, person, and technicality. This research focuses on identifying the technicality factors. We first review research reporting on knowledge sharing problems due to technical problems, then apply the thinking process of the Theory of Constraints to build a Current Reality Tree. The logical verification approach will lead us to the core problems, which allow us to build an Evaporating Cloud. We then apply principles of Total Quality Management as the Tactical Objectives of the Evaporating Cloud to discover the factors due to technicality. We found that the sharing platform is the major factor that may deter knowledge sharing of community members. Too much demand on the user due to unsuitable techniques or unfriendly ways of design could all contribute to undesirable results. This research proposes an approach in overcoming technical factors.


We have done the fi rst analysis of aberrations metaphase chromosomes of peripheral blood lymphocytes in cement factory workers Bajil city, in Republic of Yemen. The basic types of chromosomal aberrations., Number of damaged chromosomes was 5,42 ± 0,41 %, breaks – 5,45 ± 0,42 %, dominated by single fragments with a frequency of 3,90 ± 0,43 %, the frequency of binary fragments corresponded to 1,22 ± 0,14 %. Determine the average frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations was (5,36 ± 0,42 %). Dicentric chromosomes without paired fragments occur with a frequency of 0,06 per 100 cells, which may indicate chronic mutagenic effects in somatic cells, harmful production workers. Comparison of cytogenetic parameters of the sample in its division by gender revealed signifi cant differences in the cytogenetic parameters such as chromatid and chromosome exchanges, as well as the level difference Chromosomal aberrations by the indicator as smoking. In the industrial region of the mutagenic effects of pollutants subject not only to employees of the cement plant, but almost all of the population living in areas – residents of these facilities. There is a decrease in the gradient of cytogenetic effects in the series: the basic trades workers → administrative and auxiliary staff → the city's population. Keywards: the level of spontaneous mutagenesis; chromosomal aberrations; single and doubles fragments; chromatid


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Sensors for Obstacle Detection and Geo-Registration Dead Reckoning Navigation Use of Previously Detected Obstacles for Navigation Simultaneous Corrections of Coordinates of Detected Obstacles and of the Robot Exercises References


Greek Catholic rite, studied under Gustav Wetter, the book contains a biographical chapter, a detailed analysis of Florenskii's religious thought, and a useful bibliography. The biography, though brief, is valuable for bringing together in an interesting narrative the salient facts of Florenskii's life. A small irony that emerges from a detail reported by Slesinski is worth mentioning. Slesinski identifies only as "E. Kol'man" the author of a critical article that was part of the campaign against Florenskii in 1933; the author attacked Florenskii's scientific views on ideological grounds and called for "revolutionary vigilance" in regard to the priest's writings. This critic was undoubtedly the young Ernst Kol'man (Arnosht Kolman), the Czech-Soviet mathematician and physicist who, after a long career of scientific service to the USSR, himself became a target of "revolutionary vigilance" and in 1976 fled the Soviet Union. The bulk of the volume is appropriately and productively devoted to the study of Florenskii's religious and philosophical conceptions as presented in his masterwork, The Pillar and Foundation of Truth (1914). In that unique and difficult book Florenskii elaborated views that became highly controversial in Orthodox theological circles—above all his antinomic theory of truth and his sophiological theory, which ends, as Slesinski argues, in a metaphysics of love. Slesinski's account of these conceptions is filled with manifest sympathy for their originator and for his religious convictions, but philosophically the book is neither uncritical nor superficial. It is a welcome guide to the thinking of a neglected genius.


The flavor compounds of Allium mairei were prepared with simultaneous distillation and extraction equipment(SDE).They were isolated and identified by capillary GC/MS method.95 volatile components were analyzed and determined,accounting for 71.50% of the total area of the peaks.The relative contents of the constituents were determined by area normalization method.The main volatile components were:trimethylphosphine sulfide(0.15%),sulfide,butyl propenyl(0.03%),ethene,1,2-bis(ethylthio)-(0.38%),sulfide,allyl methyl(0.79%),diallyl sulfide(0.11%),2-methoxythioanisole (0.15%),methyl ethyl disulfide(0.02%),dimethyl disulfide(0.08%),diallyl disulfide(0.10%),dipropyl disulfide(1.03%),disulfide,methyl (methylthio)methyl(0.17%),disulfide,methyl 1-propenyl(0.32%),di-2-hydroxyethyl disulfide(0.11%),dimethyl trisulfide (0.02%),trisulfide,methyl 2-propenyl(0.06%),trisulfide,di-2-propenyl(0.45%),trisulfide,dipropyl(1.54%),dimethyl tetrasulfide(0.39%),thiazole,tetrahydro-(0.02%),thiazole,4,5-dimethyl-(0.50%),isothiazole,4,5-dimethyl-(0.06%),thiazole,5-methoxy-(0.24%),isothiazole,3,4-dimethyl-(0.22%),3,4-dimethylthiophene(0.27%),thiophene,2-ethyltetrahydro-(0.02%),1,3-dithiane(0.03%),1,3,5-trithiane(0.25%),1,2-dithiolane(0.09%),2,4-dithiapentane(0.98%),1,2,4-trithiolane,3,5-diethyl-(0.55%),dimethyl sulfoxide(0.05%),3-methylthiobutyraldehyde(0.02%),2-methylthioacetic acid(0.37%),S-methyl thioacetate(0.08%),sulfurous acid,diethyl ester(0.04%),ethyl (methylthio)acetate(0.86%),isobutyl isothiocyanate(1.98%),methyl 2-(methylthio)butyrate(1.98%),benzene,1-methoxy-4-(methylthio)-(0.28%),hexanal(0.05%),heptanal(0.05%),benzaldehyde(0.02%),octanal(0.02%),phenylacetaldehyde(0.12%),decanal(0.10%),vanillin(1.15%),cyclopropaneoctanal,2-octyl-(0.93%),tetradecanal(0.38%),hexanoic acid(0.02%),heptanoic acid(0.29%),benzoic acid,3,5-dihydroxy-(0.36%),nonanoic acid(0.20%),tridecanoic acid(0.44%),tetradecanoic acid(0.47%),3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid(0.48%),n-pentadecanoic acid(0.30%),9-hexadecenoic acid(0.62%),hexadecanoic acid(18.33%),9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(8.13%),octadecanoic acid(0.39%),benzyl alcohol(0.14%),dibenzosuberol(0.08%),(Z)6,(Z)9-pentadecadien-1-ol(5.80%),ledol(0.78%),phenol,2-methoxy-(0.14%),eugenol(0.89%),3-nonen-2-one(0.14%),2(3H)-furanone,5-heptyldihydro-(0.12%),2-undecanone(0.09%),3(2H)-furanone,2-hexyl-5-methyl-(1.54%),geranylacetone(0.20%),β-ionone(0.12%),2-tridecanone(0.26%),2-pentadecanone,6,10,14-trimethyl-(0.41%),bornyl acetate(0.28%),geranyl butyrate(0.37%),diisobutyl phthalate(0.99%),hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester(0.16%),dibutyl phthalate(3.08%) and dioctyl phthalate(4.98%).


Research on public service motivation has garnered significant attention from scholars, especially in the last two decades. This article divides the evolution of the research into three waves: definition and measurement; assessing and confirming construct validity and diffusion of the construct; and learning from past research and filling shortcomings and gaps. Significant contributions and benchmarks of the first two waves are identified. Four foundational activities are discussed that are present and will be important for advancing public service motivation research during the third wave. Some aspects of the research in the Asia Pacific region are highlighted.


............................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ........................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER I. A REVIEW OF SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN TISSUE CULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN UPLAND COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) ..


This paper considers the introduction of both human-computer inteface and interactive multimedia design in the architectural education and practice. The development of information and communication technologies offers to architects new tools of design as well as new areas of architectural practice. What is more decisive is the change of mentality in the way of conceiving space and of the design procedure itself. The question posed is if drawing conventions are changing and in what way. The paper attempts to establish analogies between the recent introduction into architectural thought of notions such as the human body movement, events and scenarios with the development of navigation and interaction principles and conventions in the computer world. The study of human-computer interface contributes in the understanding of the major role of the computer screen as a point of convergence of different representational forms and the emergence of new ones proper to the digital culture.