A Small Punch Test method with 3 mm diameter and 0.5 mm thick specimens was utilized to characterize 3003-H14 aluminum, 2618-T61 aluminum, and Ti-6Al-4V alloys. The method was found to be repeatable and the effect of surface roughness negligible within the range of 0.450–3.011 μm. In addition, the titanium has shown higher strength and elastic modulus than the aluminum specimens. The addition of iron, copper, and nickel elements to Al makes the alloy stronger and more ductile. The research shows that the Small Punch Test can be used to qualitatively compare such mechanical properties as surface hardness, ductility, toughness, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength of small volume test specimens in aluminum and titanium alloys. The advantage of such a method is its ability to obtain consistent evaluation of mechanical properties from small specimen volumes effectively.


Abstract : Hopf-bifurcation analysis is used to determine flutter boundaries of a pitch and plunge airfoil (PAPA) at transonic Mach number conditions. The PAPA model is a coupling of the Euler equations and a two-degree-of-freedom structural model composed of linear and torsional springs. The Euler equations are discretized using an upwind total variation diminishing scheme (TVD) of Harten and Yee. Equilibrium solutions of the PAPA model are computed using Newton's method and dynamic solutions are explicitly integrated in time with first-order accuracy. The Hopf-bifurcation point, which models the flutter condition, is computed directly by solving an extended system of equilibrium equations following the approach of Griewank and Reddien. The extended system is solved using a blocked Gauss-Seidel Newton relaxation scheme to improve computational resource requirements.


Recent collider designs adopt many-bunch operation for higher luminosities where parasitic collisions are inevitable. The effect is now a major limiting factor of the performance of hadron colliders. Recent theoretical studies on the parasitic collisions are summarized in this report.


We demonstrate a method for converting broadband intense terahertz Gaussian beams into Hermite-Gaussian 01 beams, based on a specially designed prism. The generated longitudinal electric fields by focusing them were observed to be 36 kV/cm.


Aims: Pterygota macrocarpa, a common species in the forests of Côte d'Ivoire, is threatened with extinction due to overexploitation. Protective measures for P. macrocarpa could consist in the integration of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the reforestation of this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation on the resistance and development of P. macrocarpa plants.
Study Design: The design is completely randomized and includes one (1) plant species (Pterygota macrocarpa), three (3) treatments (local inoculum 1, commercial inoculum 2 and non-inoculated control) and 20 seedlings per treatment.
Place and Duration of Study: The experimental study was set up at the border of the experimental forest of the Northern site of INP-HB (National Polytechnic Institute Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire) from February to May 2018.
Methodology: Thus, from seedlings collected in the arboriculture of the INP-HB of Yamoussokro, the effects of mycorrhization through treatments on the mineral nutrition and on the growth parameters of P. macrocarpa were evaluated during 120 days of culture in nursery.
Results: The mycorrhised plants survived 100% while the control plants had 90% survival rate. The mycorrhizal intensity of the roots was 19.21% for inoculum 1 and 10.40% for inoculum 2. The plants treated with inoculum 1 had the highest mineral content, especially phosphorus (0.3 ppm) and nitrogen (2.6%). The vegetative growth of inoculum 1 treated plants was more accelerated than that of the other two treatments. Local inoculum 1 was more effective than commercial inoculum 2.
Conclusion: The integration of local mycorrhizal inocula in the reforestation of P. macrocarpa seedlings could be a sustainable solution for the restoration of degraded forests.


During recent years, faecal antigen detection for the diagnosis of the infection with H. pylori has been well established world-wide. Analysis can easily be conducted in all age groups; yet there is still an age-dependency with specificity being lower among younger children. The monoclonal enzyme linked immunofluorescence assay (monoclonal EIA, Amplified IDEIA HpStAR former Femtolab H. pylori) approaches the diagnostic accuracy of the UBT. A systematic review by Gisbert and Pajares clearly demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy of the monoclonal EIA was statistically significantly higher than that of the polyclonal (Premier Platinum HpSA) both in pre-treatment diagnosis and post-treatment control (Table ). As shown during the first clinical evaluation of the monoclonal EIA in the year 2000 using stool specimens of paediatric patients,2 with only few exceptions positive samples gave values far above and negative samples values clearly below the cut-off value (Figure ). In contrast, in many cases values obtained with the polyclonal assay did not considerably differ from that of the cut-off value, which may in part be the explanation for the minor performance of this test in comparison to the monoclonal one. In spite a satisfactory overall performance of the monoclonal EIA, a recent metaanalysis of 22 publications (2, 99 patients) showed to some extent a stronger variation of the test sensitivity post-treatment as compared to that demonstrated before the initiation of therapy (89%-9 % vs. 9 %-9 %, respectively). Treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) was shown to affect the performance of the polyclonal EIA causing a considerable loss of sensitivity (98% vs. 8 %). A similar effect


Cell differentiation was evaluated by ultrasonic microscopy. However, there were some regions that showed a lower acoustic impedance than the culture liquid. It was considered that, in such regions, the cells were not perfectly in contact with the film substrate. Hence, a waveform analysis was performed, and compensated acoustic impedances in such regions were in a reasonable range of values. By the same analysis, the displacements of partially floated cells were also successfully calculated. The elapsed day transitions of the compensated acoustic impedances and displacements were successfully evaluated. In the process of differentiation, actin fibers comprising the cytoskeleton are supposed to loosen in order to induce cellular fusion. In addition, the progress in cell differentiation accompanied by a change into a three-dimensional structure can partially be assessed by the displacement between a cell and a cultured film. Hence, we believe that cell differentiation can be evaluated using an ultrasonic microscope.


The effect of aboveground plant structure on near-bottom water flow and surficial sediment composition was evaluated in Lake Memphremagog (Quebec–Vermont) at 34 nearshore sites within three mixed-species macrophyte beds. Plant surface area accounted for 70% of the variance in flow reduction when the effect of changing water depth was removed. Relationships between plant surface area and surficial sediment clay content were evident within each of the three multispecies beds. The equations predicting within-bed clay concentrations were not significantly different from a general among-bed model (r2 = 0.74) developed at 25 sites of high biomass from other nearshore locations in Lake Memphremagog. The study provides quantitative evidence for the importance of macrophytes as sites of sedimentation of fine particles and their associated nutrients and contaminants.


Junction varactors form key passive components for RF and analog application where capacitance could be tuned by a control voltage. This paper details and models a reliability degradation mechanism due to electron trapping at the side of shallow trench isolation (STI) of the varactor, leading to systematic capacitance degradation as function of time and stress conditions. A key dimension which controls this mechanism is the anode width or spacing between STI, where a minimum value should be defined to meet reliability targets.


Among the ubiquitin members, ubiquitin and SUMO have been implicated in the regulation of many neurobiological processes and accordingly, dysregulation of the ubiquitin- and SUMO-system is associated with several neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer or Parkinson disease. In contrast, the function of other ubiquitin-like proteins in the brain, like Nedd8, remains elusive. The aim of this work was to identify and characterize the functions of neddylation in neuronal development and in the adult mammalian brain as well as to uncover cellular targets and molecular mechanisms underlying Nedd8 function. In the scope of this project, mouse models of the neddylation pathway were generated that will allow the dissection of Nedd8 functions in vivo. In summary, we describe neddylation as a new post-translational protein modification in the mammalian brain, controling neuronal development and function.


In the OECD Handbook on Economic Globalization, the term "globalization" is used to describe" the increasing internationalization of financial markets and of markets for goods and services. Globalization refers above all to a dynamic and multidimensional process of economic integration whereby national resources become more and more internationally mobile while national economies become increasingly interdependent."Understanding globalization requires theory as well as facts, but certainly the facts are key ingredients in any assessment of this important phenomenon. Indeed, the facts are necessary to test the theories and to quantify the importance of what the theories predict.New concepts are emerging as economists address the issues of globalization and they need to be better defined and measured. In particular, there is a need for standard concepts and definitions in the area of globalization and its effects. Work under way internationally on SNA 93 rev 1 should help considerably in this regard. There is a pressing need for greater coordination and cooperation in this domain. This paper, presents some of the issues involved in measurement of the indicators of globalization and in using those indicators to quantify and describe the phenomenon and to evaluate its economic impact.


Two field experiments were carried out at El-Bramoon Agricultural Research farm of Mansoura Horticultural Research station, during the two successive summer seasons of 2011 and 2012 on sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas , L.) plants cv. Beauregard. The aim of this study was to study the effect of foliar spray of calcium at (0, 1000 and 2000 ppm), potassium fertilization at (0, 48, 72 kg K 2 O/fed.), and foliar spray of antioxidants (control, ascorbic acid at 200 ppm and salicylic acid at 200 ppm) on some chemical constituents of tuber roots and quality of tuber roots during storage period. The obtained results showed that foliar spray of only 2000 ppm of calcium or with the interaction among 1000 ppm of calcium, potassium fertilization at 72 kg K 2 O/fed. and foliar spray of antioxidants as ascorbic acid at 200 ppm or salicylic acid at 200 ppm recorded the highest values of the above-cited indices compared with the control. Positive interaction between foliar spray of calcium and potassium fertilization and foliar spray of antioxidants were often observed. The best results were obtained by foliar spray of only 2000 ppm of calcium or with the interaction among 1000 ppm of calcium, potassium fertilization at 72 kg K 2 O/fed. and foliar spray of antioxidants as ascorbic acid at 200 ppm or salicylic acid at 200 ppm.


A general description of testing methods that incorporate some degree of automation to reduce the effort required to conduct triaxial tests is presented. The approach is useful for the production laboratory involved in design, construction and maintenance of flexible pavement systems. Even with a minimal level of automation, the tests may be conducted with very little operator intervention once the test has started. Both "index" properties and engineering material properties may be obtained with the devices.


Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by development of inhibitory anti-factor VIII (fVIII) antibodies (also called inhibitors) resulting in severe hemorrhages. In addition, inhibitor development is the most serious complication of today9s replacement therapy in patients with hereditary X-linked hemophilia A (HA) disorder. Earlier studies showed that antibodies in AHA and HA inhibitor plasmas are both primarily directed to the A2 and C2 domains suggesting that these two domains are the predominant immunogenic fVIII regions (Fulcher et al, 1987; Prescott et al, 1997; Lollar, 2004). However, the C1 domain also makes a major contribution to the humoral anti-fVIII immune response in hemophilic mice (Healey et al, 2007), which motivated us to analyze the frequency and epitope specificity of anti-C1 antibodies in AHA and HA inhibitor patient plasma. The frequency of domain-specific antibodies were studied by antibody binding to human A2, C1 and C2 domains presented as (i) single human domain (SHD) human/porcine hybrid fVIII and (ii) HSA-fusion proteins. While similar frequencies of A2- and C2-specific antibodies were observed for both applied mapping strategies the use of isolated C1 domain resulted in much higher detection level of anti-C1 antibodies compared to the use of the human C1 domain human/porcine hybrid fVIII protein. As homologue-scanning mutagenesis relies on differences among human and porcine sequences these results suggest the presence of a large number of cross-reactive anti-C1 antibodies binding to species-conserved epitopes. Overall, anti-C1 antibodies were detected in 90 of 115 (78%) AHA and 36 of 63 (57%) HA inhibitor patients. Two well-characterized monoclonal C1 inhibitors, human LE2E9 (Jacquemin et al, 2000) and murine MAb 2A9 (ASH 2014 poster, Batsuli et al) were used for indirect epitope mapping of anti-C1 antibodies in AHA patients by competition binding studies. Our results for AHA patients with non-crossreactive anti-C1 antibodies only (n=11) show that antibody binding to human C1 domain human/porcine hybrid fVIII (HP53) protein was completely blocked in the presence of MAb 2A9. In contrast, antibody binding to the isolated C1 domain was only partially reduced in the presence of MAb 2A9 for a selected number of (high responding) AHA patients (n=10) suggesting the presence of a second population of crossreactive anti-C1 antibodies that exclusively bind to conserved amino acid residues. Competition binding to native and denatured fVIII and HP53 proteins revealed that MAb 2A9 and LE2E9 bind mutually exclusive to a conformational C1 epitope involving amino acid residues that are not conserved between humans and pigs. Consequently, essential binding residues were identified for both C1 inhibitors via the use of HP53 variants, in which surface exposed non-conserved amino acid residues on the human C1 domain were substituted for porcine residues. The results of this mutational analysis showed that despite their competitive binding different amino acid residues are essential for binding of MAb 2A9 and LE2E9. These findings are in agreement with the different specific inhibitory activities of the two C1 inhibitors (97 BU/mg vs 10000 BU/mg). Finally, HSA-C1 point mutants were used to directly map essential epitope residues of anti-C1 antibodies in AHA and HA inhibitor patient plasma. Our study demonstrates that a large number of AHA and HA inhibitor patients (126 of 178; 71%) have anti-C1 antibodies that comprise at least two different populations, crossreactive and non-crossreactive to porcine fVIII. Therefore, in addition to the A2 and C2 domains, the C1 domain seems to significantly contribute to the immune response to fVIII in these patients. As recent data point toward a functional role of the fVIII C1 domain for membrane-, fX-, and von Willebrand factor-binding (Lu et al, 2011) the clinical relevance of anti-C1 antibodies should be analyzed in further studies. Disclosures Tiede: Leo Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Coachrom: Research Funding; SOBI: Consultancy, Honoraria; Biogen Idec: Consultancy, Honoraria; CSL Behring: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy, Honoraria; Octapharma: Other: Investigator, Speakers Bureau; Biotest: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Investigator, Research Funding; Baxter: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Konigs: Bayer: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Biotest: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sobi: Consultancy; CSL Behring: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Intersero: Research Funding; NovoNordisk: Speakers Bureau.


In the HTS magnet consisting of pancake windings, all pancake windings have been connected in series and excited by a single power source. Most of the pancake windings cannot conduct their critical current values at single power excitation. Current of each winding can be controlled separately to its critical current at multiple power excitation. This paper presents the excitation of an HTS YBCO magnet consisting of pancake windings by multiple power sources. To estimate the critical currents of the pancake windings more precisely, the magnetic field variation in the HTS wire was considered. Properties of multiple power excitation were measured by using the HTS YBCO magnet consisting of 8 pancake windings. Test results showed calculated currents agreed very well with measured ones and central magnetic field increased by multiple power excitation.


Computation of text similarity is one of the most challenging tasks in NLP as it implies understanding of semantics beyond the meaning of individual words (tokens). Due to the lack of labelled data this task is often accomplished by means of unsupervised methods such as clustering. Within the DE2021: "Russian News Clustering and Headline Selection" we propose a method of building robust text embeddings based on Sentence Transformers architecture, pretrained on a large dataset of in-domain data and then fine-tuned on a small dataset of paraphrases leveraging GlobalMultiheadPooling.


Objective To analyse MR imaging and CT findings of Budd-Chiari syndrome,so as to improve the diagnosis of it.Methods MR imaging and CT findings of 15 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome were analysed retrospectively.Results All 15 cases were correctly diagnosed by MRI and CT,and 2 cases accompanied multiple regenerative nodi were also diagnosed correctly.The signs of Budd-Chiari syndrome on CT and MRI included:(1) inferior vena and/or hepatic vein stenosis or occlusion(15 cases);(2) liver parenchyma congestion with abnormal signal intensity or density(12 cases),no enhancement(7cases)or gradually enhancement(5 cases);(3) circuity thickening or comma sign of collateral circulation(10 cases);(4) liver cirrhosis without hepatitis background,ascitic fluid,with or without spleen swell lightly(4 cases),collateral circulation formed(15 cases);(5) multiple regenerative nodules(2 cases).Conclusion CT and MRI have important value in diagnosing Budd-Chari syndrome.


Silica nanoparticles have been synthesised using sol gel technique. The effect of ammonium fluoride NH4F addition on the gelation rate of silica was studied under supersaturation ranging from 8.72 to 13.34. The results showed that the gelation times were decreased by increasing the supersaturation and by addition of NH4F. Surface energy between the formed gel and the solution was calculated as 17.28 and 16.11 mJ/m² with and without NH4F addition. The gelation rate was increased and the Gibbs free energy change for the formation of critical nucleus was decreased by increasing the supersaturation and by addition of NH4F. The critical radius of the nucleus was decreased from 6.42 and 5.60 A without and with addition of ammonium fluoride to 5.70 and 4.85 A when the supersaturation was increased from 8.72 to 13.34. This approach can be used to discuss the effect of any additives on enhancing or inhibition the gelation rate.


The elaboration in a dispersed organic medium of calibrated polyurethane particles with a core-shell structure is presented in this paper. The objective could be achieved by using a series of reactive steric stabilizers of the type ω-(OH) x -poly(n-butyl acrylate), -polystyrene, -polysiloxane or -polybutadiene (x=1 or 2) that play the role of surfmers during the polyaddition reaction between ethylene glycol and tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate, in cyclohexane as a dispersant medium. The final size of the polyurethane particles (0,5-10 pm) was found to be a function of the steric stabilizer characteristics (nature, molar mass and concentration) and of the addition procedure of the different reactants. These novel particles constituted of a polyurethane core and various shells depending on the stabilizer used exhibit specific and original properties.


MPLS L2VPN is used to transparently pass users' L2 data through MPLS network, with the common implementation model of Martini L2VPN by using LDP as the signaling. In spite of its wide application, the configuration of its capacity expansion is cumbersome and the cross-domain problem is insolvable. Therefore, based on the label swapping technology of MPLS, this paper adopts kompella-based approach for L2VPN implementation and mainly focuses on packet forwarding and controlling. Firstly, it does not make direct CE connections, but partitions different VPN in the whole SP (Service Provider) and gives serial numbers of CE within the VPN. Moreover, it also establishes the VC (virtual circuit) channel between the two PE and uses label distribution and calculation for mutual information. In this respect, it can not only provide effective supports for capacity expansion, but also solves the cross-domain problem.


The groups with which we associate influence our actions. This is often the case even when they are not deliberately organised but rather based on social categories, such as sex and skin colour, or cultural homogeneity, such as common language or customs. Group membership can cause widespread phenomena such as ingroup favouritism, polarisation of opinion and competition. Previous experiments have shown that these effects can be triggered by even completely arbitrary distinctions between groups. This thesis uses mathematical models to investigate under what circumstances these phenomena can arise.Using a game theoretical approach, the first three papers address the evolution of ingroup favouritism. Previous models have focused on the prisoners' dilemma, interactions where the socially optimal behaviour is to co-operate, but where it is in the individual's self-interest not to. The results presented here suggest that co-ordination problems may have been more important than those of co-operation in the evolution of an ingroup bias. In particular, this applies to common goals that require trust. It is also demonstrated in a behavioural experiment that such trust is most common within groups, but that it can emerge between groups through group reputation.The fourth paper focuses on a model on how cultural groups in contact can develop common norms, rather than polarise into different norm groups, by assuming a confirmation bias. The model is empirically tested on demographic and linguistic data from Mauritian Creole, a natural language developed from the mixing of parent languages.In the fifth paper, the group is defined by common preferences (e.g. for pop songs), which are transmitted in a random copying model. The competitive success of the groups, with respect to their size, is recorded on a toplist, the turnover rate of which is derived.In the final paper, people match up in pairs between groups according to their preferences, and all stable matchings are found under a specific assumption of bounded rationality, when people's individual behaviour may be affected by the consequences for fellow group members.


Part I Introduction -- Why mobility matters: young people and media competency in the Asia-Pacific - Stephanie Hemelryk Donald Part II 1. Angels and devils: youth mobile media politics, fear, hope and policy in Japan and Australia - Damien Spry 2. Japanese mobile youth in the 2000s - Misa Matsuda 3. 'Your phone makes you, you': exploring the youth script in teen magazine representations of mobile media - Sun Sun Lim 4. The traditional meets the technological: mobile navigations of desire and intimacy - Cara Wallis Part III 5. The price of being mobile: youth, gender and mobile media - Larissa Hjorth 6. The city, self and connections: 'transyouth' and urban social networking in Seoul - Jaz Hee-jeong Choi 7. The representation of mobile youth in the post-colonial techno-nation of Korea - Kyongwon Yoon Part IV 8. Official and unofficial mobile media in Australia: youth, panics, innovation - Gerard Goggin 9. Mobile design: giving voice to children and young people - Theresa Anderson


Pulmonary Carcinosarcoma is an uncommon malignant biphasic tumor that accounts for less than 1% of all lung cancers. It is defined by coexisting histologic elements of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. We report a case of advanced stage pulmonary carcinosarcoma in a 83-year-old patient, treated with immunotherapy with good response lasted for more than one year.


With increased improvements to technology for online teaching, synchronous instruction continues to grow. Increasing student interaction has been an important component to enhance a sense of community in online learning and improve student satisfaction. There is a paucity of research on how to effectively manage online interaction and increase student engagement during synchronous sessions. Three instructors draw on their online teaching experience and discuss how they maximize student interaction during synchronous online discussions according to elements of a community of inquiry.


Cyber-attacks hit us every day and threat to individuals as well as businesses sphere. This paper describes Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks which are the common types of cyber-attacks. A denial-of-service attack floods online systems with traffic to exhaust resources and bandwidth. As a result, the system is unable to fulfil legitimate requests. Attackers can also use multiple compromised devices to launch this attack. This is known as a distributed-denial-of-service (DDoS) attack. The paper deals with developing of universal stress tester and network emulator based on open source project Apache JMeter. New modules developed for DoS attacks and network traffic generator into Apache JMeter will be described in this paper. The modules can test a network infrastructure and network parameters. First part of the paper contains a comparison of tools for stress testing and network emulators, description of common (D)DoS attacks and specification of transmission parameters of data networks. Recently common attacks, such HTTP Flood (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), SYN Flood, ICMP Flood (Internet Control Message Protocol), NTP (Network Time Protocol) Flood, UDP (User Datagram Protocol) Flood, DNS Server Flood (Domain Name Server), DNS Amplification, Slowloris, are described in second part of the paper.


Writing this scientific paper in the background by data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Indonesia is the fourth largest in the number of people with diabetes mellitus in the world. In 2010 the number of DM patients in Indonesia reached 14 million people, and 30% of them carried out routine treatment. The number of sufferers due to diabetes mellitus which ranks third in the HM. Muraz Room is the highest disease, however, diabetes mellitus is not a disease that can be underestimated because there are various effects on DM including: impaired vision, heart problems and kidney disorders. Someone with DM still has a mismatch that causes clients to need support, encouragement and motivation. This makes the writer interested in writing papers on Diabetes Melitus. The purpose of this paper is to obtain a real experience comprehensively which includes bio-psycho-socio and spiritual aspects according to the nursing process approach. DM is a collection of symptoms that arise in a person caused by an increase in blood glucose levels due to lack of insulin both absolute and relative. From the results of the study on Ny.N nursing problems that arise are: changes in nutrition from body needs, activity intolerance, lack of knowledge. The author carries out nursing care for 4 days from March 6-9 2019. The conclusion of this scientific paper on diabetes mellitus in carrying out the nursing process and direct and comprehensive nursing care is very important. Suggestions for room nurses should increase therapeutic communication to clients, For families can provide support and motivate clients in hospital care so that helps in healing clients and strength to clients.


Biological control traditionally depends upon importing the natural enemies of introduced weeds. Since vegetation management in forestry has primarily been aimed at protecting economic species of trees from competition from other native plants, biological control has been of little use in forestry. An alternative approach to controlling unwanted native plants, supplementing their existing complex of natural enemies with introduced insects found attacking closely related plants, is being used on rangeland, but is not recommended for forestry. New agents will not remain restricted to the location where they are released, but will spread and would eventually affect the target plant throughout its entire range, including areas where it might be desirable. A more promising alternative is manipulating one or more insects or diseases that already attack the undesirable plants. Many plant pathogens naturally associated with a particular plant species are highly virulent and specific to only the target plant. Mass...


A nonliear meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (NMLPG) method for solving nonlinear boundary value problems, based on the nonlinear regular local boundary integral equation (NRLBIE) and the moving least squares approximation, is proposed in the present paper. No special integration scheme is needed to evaluate the volume and boundary integrals. The integrals in the present method are evaluated only over regularly-shaped sub-domains and their boundaries. This flexibility in choosing the size and the shape of the local sub-domain will lead to a more convenient formulation in dealing with the nonlinear problems. Compared to the original meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method that has been extensively popularized in recent literature, the present method does not need the derivatives of the shape functions in constructing the system stiffness matrix, for those nodes with no displacement specified on their local boundaries. This is very attractive in engineering applications as the calculation of derivatives of the shape functions from the MLS approximation is quite costly. Also compared to the meshless local boundary integral equation (MLBIE) method, the present approach does not involve singular or hyper-singular integrals which have to be tackled in the MLBIE method. Thus, the present method possesses high accuracy, and is cost effective. Numerical examples show that the present method converges fast to the final solution with reasonably accurate results for both the unknown variable and its derivatives.


Recession has become one of the defining facts of these times, and the impact of the recession in the UK is felt through the swingeing cuts to services. In mental health practice, in the health services, for example, this is experienced not so much as an attack on any therapeutic method, per se, but rather as a finance or business-dominated process to reduce costs, especially the costs of highly qualified staff. Thus, psychoanalytic methods become subject to attack indirectly – since efficacious psychoanalytic therapy requires highly trained professionals, supported by colleagues and teams, so that even some of the new and interesting psychoanalytic briefer therapies are 'expensive' to deliver, compared with other approaches that – it is believed – can be undertaken by less qualified staff. What is alarming is that under the weight of the financial imperatives of this time, and the savagery of the cuts, psychoanalytic practitioners and their managers appear to question their own validity, to cease to work towards maintaining the core values andmethods that promote meaningful and effective work. This loss of faith occurs despite burgeoning evidence for the effectiveness of psychoanalytic therapies and – periodically – there are more hopeful statements of the continuing vitality of these approaches. One interesting example is the recent Maudsley debate which produced extraordinary interest and an overwhelming vote in favour of the motion that psychoanalysis has an important place in modern mental health services. Meanwhile, however, psychoanalytic thinking has found its way into areas where it has previously been marginal. The social sciences in the UK have seen the emergence and strengthening of psychosocial studies as a vigorous sub-discipline. An active UK network is currently planning its fifth conference and a study group has been established this year within the British Sociological Association. Psychosocial approaches are incorporated into social work and healthcare training courses in a number of universities. The tendency is reflected, although to a lesser extent, in parts of Europe where psychosocial or psycho-societal perspectives are to be found in field of qualitative research. This has stimulated new lines of methodological development, not least in the search for practice-based and practice-near methods to which this Journal has made a particular contribution. The Journal of Social Work Practice continues to publish papers which show how diverse applied psychoanalytic thinking can be, and this issue is no exception. The discovery in the last decade of extensive physical, sexual and emotional abuse of children within Catholic congregations has rocked the Catholic Church and shocked outsiders. Many accounts of such maltreatment have come from former victims who were placed in institutional care, because of the economic or social circumstances of their families, or because they were thought to be in need of protection or reform. Manus Charleton draws on the moral psychology of the humanist psychoanalyst Erich Fromm to offer an explanation for why the nuns, monks and priests charged with the care of these children were foremost amongst abusers. Charleton identifies a root


Mycobacterial infections are becoming increasingly common. Mycabacterium chelanei and a closely related species, Mycabacterium fartuitum, are rapidly growing mycobacteria that have rarely been implicated in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)associated peritonitis (1-6). Localized tunnel or exit-site infection caused by M. chelanei has not previously been reported. The case reported here underscores the difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of this CAPD complication.


It is shown that there are several phenomena in continental areas which can not be explained by traditional isostasy models. The essential reason for this problem comes from the thermal-caused lithospheric mantle density variation effects on the isostasy models: in traditional isostasy models, effects from mantle lithosphere are excluded. Incorporating the lithospheric mantle effect into the isostasy model, we analyzed the isostasy state of 20 tectonic units in China mainland. It is shown that, in some areas, such as the Tarim Basin, Beishan and Qaidam Basin, although the results derived from the traditional Airy model and lithospheric isostasy model are close, the lithospheric isostasy model can explain the nature of the mass balance in a more reasonable way. Except for the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions, the results derived from the lithospheric isostasy model are more close to observed elevations and consistent with vertical velocities of crustal movement in most tectonic units. In general, the lithospheric isostasy model with effects of the mantle density variations being taken into account is always better than the traditional crustal isostasy models. Basing on the analysis on isostatic states, following conclusions can be derived. (1) The degree of isostatic state is relatively higher in stable areas; (2) The present-day crustal movements of the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings are mainly controlled by regional tectonics and deep dynamic processes. The isostatic adjustment plays only a minor role in the current crustal vertical movement; (3) The tectonic units in which significant vertical movements are observed are in the stage of isostatic adjustment. The magnitudes of isostasy forces are represented by the amount of crustal vertical movement. (4) There is a good correlation between the rate of present-day crustal vertical movement and the differences between the observed elevations and those calculated with the lithospheric isostasy model in stable areas. Based on this relationship, we can obtain the information of the kinematic and geodynamic characteristics by analyzing isostasy states; (5) Mantle contribution to lithospheric isostasy is so important that it should be taken into account in isostasy analysis.


In this study we measure the compression of information in a simulated evolutionary system. We do the investigation taking introns in the genome into account. We mainly investigate evolution of linear computer code but also present results from evolution of tree structures as well as messy genetic algorithms. The size of solutions is an important property of any system trying to learn or adapt to its environment. The results show signiicant compression or constant size of exons during evolution|in contrast to the rapid growth of overall size. Our conclusion is that an built-in pressure towards low-complexity solutions is measurable in several simulated evolutionary systems which may account for the robust adaptation showed by these systems.


The invention provides a motor bus active rollover-prevention control test device and belongs to the field of motor bus active safety coefficient tests. The device is characterized in that digital signals of variables such as a bus speed, an acceleration, a suspension displacement are generated by a computer with a virtual motor bus system, and real sensor physical signals are simulated by a D/A conversion circuit through the digital signals, an active rollover-prevention control system collects the real sensor physical signals and makes an active rollover-prevention algorithm decision, the active rollover-prevention control system predicts whether the motor bus has a rollover danger at the next moment according to the driving state of the motor bus, if yes, a control signal of a suspension displacement adjusting device is output, the control signal is converted into a digital signal by an A/D conversion unit, and the digital signal is transmitted to the computer with the virtual motor bus system, so that the virtual execution mechanism is adjusted. By adopting the simulation platform, the active rollover-prevention technology is effectively researched, the risk of directly using an active rollover-prevention control system in a road test is avoided, and the test cost is lowered.


This study aims to analyze ICT management in the earthquake disaster in Jayapura Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive design. Sources of data come from secondary sources, which include books, journals, online news, and various documents according to the research theme. Based on research results, comprehensive and clear handling of natural disasters has been regulated in Article 5 of Chapter 3 of Law 24/2007 concerning disasters. In ICT management, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) and Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) use official websites as information channels. Regarding disaster management information and communication systems, BNPB and BPBD themselves have a Disaster Management Operations Control Center, hereinafter abbreviated as Pusdalops PB. The people of Jayapura City mostly access information independently through social media.


The authors examine students' linear progression histories in mathematics throughout high school years, using the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009. Although scholars have attended to this before, the authors provide a new organizing framework for thousands of heterogenous mathematics course-taking sequences. Using cluster analysis, the authors identify eight distinctive course-taking sequence typologies. Approximately 45 percent of students take a linear sequence of mathematics, whereas others stop taking mathematics altogether, repeat coursework, or regress to lower level courses. Only about 14 percent of students take the expected four-year linear sequence of Algebra 1–Geometry–Algebra II–Advanced Mathematics. Membership into different typologies is related to student characteristics and school settings (e.g., race, socioeconomic status, and high school graduation requirements). The results provide a tool for schools' self-assessment of mathematics course-taking histories among students, creating intervention opportunities and a foundation for future research on advancing our understanding of stratification in math course-taking patterns, postsecondary access, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors.


Objective:To explore the clinical effects of microscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach in treatment of giant pituitary adenoma.Method:87 cases of pituitary adenoma with surgical treatment from 2006 to 2012 were retrospective analysised.The patients were divided into two groups according to different treatment methods:the year 2006 to 2009 group with routine endonasal transsphenoidal approach,the year 2010 to 2012 group with expanded sphenoid sinus and saddle bottom,step by step removing and moderate negative pressure suction technique.Preoperative and postoperative saddle area coronary CT,MRI scanning and endocrinology inspection were performed between the two groups.Result:In the year 2006-2009 group,16 cases were totally removed,18 cases were subtotally removed and 6 cases were partial removed.While in the year 2010-2012 group 31 cases were totally removed,15 cases were subtotally removed and only 1 case were partial removed.There was statistical significance between the two groups(P 0.05).Condusion:Expanded sphenoid sinus and saddle bottom,step by step removing and moderate negative pressure suction technique can increase resection rates of pituitary adenoma and reduce the complications.


The infrared band is one of the important communication windows. Most of the detectors and sensors working in this band are designed and manufactured based on micro- and nano-lithography technology. In this article, we cut the giant-sized thickness of the transparent substrate and the metal film was uniformly sliced. Then, we used the CST software to simulate the sliced substrate and the metal film to obtain the optical response parameters for each slice. Finally, the combination of metal film and substrate was realized by cascading calculation of the two port transmission line theory, which solves problems such as overlong simulation time and cumbersome running load caused by huge grid divisions due to the difference between the substrate thickness and the response wavelength in the process of simulating light propagation. On the other hand, the cascade analysis method was experimentally verified by constructing a surface plasmon filter in the medium infrared band, which provides an effective idea and solution for bridging the gap between simulation and engineering application.


Adaptive thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is the cellular process to generate heat in response to environmental stimuli including cold temperature. Decrease of adaptive thermogenesis is a contributing factor to exacerbate obesity. The aim of this study is to determine the molecular mechanisms by which obesity compromises adaptive thermogenesis. We hypothesized that a low‐grade chronic inflammation in obesity inhibits WAT browning. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to cold temperature for 2 weeks with injection of either saline or low‐dose LPS to mimic chronic low‐level inflammation. LPS injection significantly decreased thermogenesis than saline as evidenced by lower core body temperature and reduced heat release captured in thermal imaging. LPS‐mediated inflammation markedly decreased WAT browning in subcutaneous fat by dampening down UCP1 and PGC1a expressions, mitochondria‐specific protein levels, and mitochondrial DNA contents suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. LPS‐mediated inflammation was also associated with an elevated levels of ER stress markers (GRP78, p‐eIF2a, and CHOP) as well as concurrent autophagic activation (increase in beclin‐1, Atg5/Atg12, LC3II). Taken together, our data suggest an existence of novel signaling axis linking adipose inflammation, ER stress, and autophagic activation, which may be responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction and compromised adaptive thermogenesis in obesity.


The recent escalation of the Ukrainian crisis revealed the need for redefining the national cultural borders of the region. The literary community plays an important role in processing the ongoing historical "catastrophe", in an attempt to understand heterogeneous and polyphonic Ukrainian voices, and in order to comprehend the reasons which lay behind the current ideological polarizations. The "hybrid" position of the Russophone literary community in Ukraine reveals interesting features in order to analyse the composite pattern of the region. This article investigates the role and strategies adopted by these "in-between" cultural actors in face of recent events. Their fluid identities cross the rigid borders marked by political and historical narratives. Questioning the fixed constructs of national and cultural identity, they aim to give way to a new kind of "negotiation" between Ukrainian and Russian cultural systems. These "voices from the edges" have a collective value in order to convey a new sense of belonging to a coherent political and cultural community. The reading of Elena Stjažkina's Diaries , translated into Italian by Valentina Rossi, give us the chance to interpret this Russian speaking writer's path towards the birth of an alternative model of "national identity".


This paper presents examples of the latest imaging data of the Earth at night from multiple CubeSat platforms. Beginning in 2012, with AeroCube-4, The Aerospace Corporation has launched multiple CubeSat platforms in different orbits equipped with a common suite of CMOS sensors. Originally designed as utility cameras to assist with attitude control system studies and star sensor development, we have been using these simple camera sensors to image the Earth at night since 2014. Our initial work focused on observing nighttime urban lights and global gas flare signals at higher resolution than is possible with the VIIRS sensor. To achieve optimum sensitivity and resolution, orbital motion is compensated for via the use of on-board reaction wheels to perform point-and-stare experiments, often with multiple frame exposures as the sensor moves in orbit. Ground sample distances for these systems range from approximately 100 to 130 meters for the narrow-field-of-view cameras, to 500 meters for the medium-field-of-view cameras. In our initial work, we demonstrated that CMOS sensors flown on AeroCube satellites can achieve a nighttime light detection sensitivity on the order of 20 nW-cm-sr. This resolution and sensitivity allows for detection of urban lighting, road networks, major infrastructure illumination, natural gas flares, and other phenomena of interest. For wide-area surveys, we can also program our cameras to observe regions of interest and co-add pixels to reduce the data bandwidth. This allows for a greater number of frames to be collected and downloaded. These results may then be used to task later satellite passes. Here, we present new examples of our nighttime Earth observation studies using CubeSats. These include: 1) detecting urban growth and change via repeat imaging, 2) investigating the utility of color observations, 3) spotting major sources of light pollution, 4) studying urban-wildland interface regions where lighting may be important to understanding wildlife corridors, 5) imaging lightning and cloud cover at night using wide-area imaging, 6) observations of the very bright lights of fishing boats, and 7) observing other interesting natural phenomenon, including airglow emissions, and the streaking caused by proton strikes in the South Atlantic Anomaly. Our ongoing work includes utilizing a diversity in overpass times from multiple satellites to observe nighttime scenes, imaging high-latitude cities not optimally accessed by the international space station's cameras, and building a catalogue of observations of rapidly developing megacities and global infrastructure nodes. Data from CMOS sensors flown in common on 5 different AeroCubes in 4 different orbits have been collected. Our results show that enhanced CubeSat sensors can improve mapping of the human footprint in targeted regions via nighttime lights and contribute to better monitoring of: urban growth, light pollution, energy usage, the urban-wildland interface, the improvement of electrical power grids in developing countries, light-induced fisheries, and oil industry flare activity. Future CubeSat sensors should be able to contribute to nightlights monitoring efforts by organizations such as NOAA, NASA, ESA, the World Bank and others, and offer low-cost options for nighttime studies.


The logistics hub economy is in essence a way of economic value creation which depends on the efficient allocation of resources by logistics hubs. How well a logistics hub can aggregate resource elements directly shows the level of logistics hub economy. Based on the theory of co-integration analysis, this paper measures the economic effects of logistics hubs from the perspective of the effect of logistics hubs on the aggregation level of resource elements in the logistics hub city. First, an evaluation index system is established. Afterwards, econometric approaches, such as ADF unit root test, Johansen co-integration test, Granger causality test, error correction model, are used to discuss the relationship between a hub logistics and the aggregation of resources of the hub city, which can be used to measure the economic effect of a logistics hub. Suzhou national port-type logistics hub is taken as the research object. The results shows that Suzhou port-type logistic hub does have an impact on the aggregation of urban resources in Suzhou. In the short term, a 1% increase in the former leads to a 0.1529% increase in the later; and in the long run, a 1% increase in the former will leads to a 0.6261% increase in the latter.


We investigate developmental changes in the nature and timing of sentence interpretation in Italian, focusing on the contributions of morphological, syntactic and semantic information to the assignment of agent-object roles. College students and children between 5 and 10 years of age were asked to decide 'who did the action?' in response to auditory sentences reflecting orthogonal combinations of subject-verb-agreement, word order and noun animacy. Analyses of both agent choice and reaction time provide support for the cue validity and cue strength predictions of the Competition Model, an interactive-activation theory of language processing and development. They also provide new information about reorganization and consolidation of sentence processing strategies in Italian children, including protracted changes from 5 years of age to adulthood in the use of subject-verb agreement, and a plateau in reaction times from 7 to 10 years of age, the period in which children make the transition from a primary reliance on animacy to the overwhelming reliance on morphological cues that characterizes sentence processing in Italian adults.


We speculate that, in the interiors of large " fireballs " produced in very high-energy collisions, vacuum states of the strong interactions are produced with anomalous chiral order parameters. If true this can lead to anomalously large fluctuations in the charged-to-neutral ratio of produced hadrons (Centaur0 and anti-Centaur0 behavior). We also discuss strategies for an experimental search.


It is very important to clarify strength and its reliability of reinforcement fiber and fiber bundle when discussing mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composite. It is widely known that Weibull distribution [1] is often used to evaluate strength distribution of brittle fiber. On the other hand, Daniels [2] has discussed the relationship between strength of fiber bundle and strength of the constituent fibers, and established the theory about strength and the distribution of fiber bundle. Thereafter, Coleman [3] has applied Weibull distribution to Daniels's theory and got equation (1) to build the relationship between strength of fiber bundle and strength of the constituent fibers.


LED is widely used for lighting because of its high luminous efficiency and long lifetime. However, the lifetime of LED driver is much more limited due to the electrolytic capacitor, which is a key component in AC-DC LED drivers. Thus, as the storage capacitor, film capacitor will be more appropriate than electrolytic capacitor for a long lifetime LED driver. A cascaded two-stage converter with power decoupling is proposed in this paper to eliminate the electrolytic capacitor. The bus voltage ripple is intentionally enlarged to decrease the required capacitance so that a film capacitor can be used. The detailed design procedure will be given in this paper. A 0.7A/20W prototype has been built to verify the design.


Based on AMESim, this paper focuses on the modeling and simulation of a particular bus. Set-ting a certain speed for the bus, and then take braking. Through analyzing the process of braking energy recov-ery and launching of the bus, a series of simulation curves are obtained. And then, it is concluded that the influence of the filling pressure of the accumulator and the displace- ment of the hydraulic pump on the braking performance are similar, and the volume of the accumu- lator have less effect on the braking performance. Instruction Braking energy recovery is a form of energy efficient and environmentally friendly way of brak- ing which is different from the traditional friction braking. It makes a part of the mechanical energy converted to other forms of energy, through the energy conversion device which connected to the drive axle. And then, the energy will be stored in an energy storage device. During the vehicle start- ing, acceleration, uphill, this part of energy as auxiliary power supply released and returned to drive axle. The working process of the braking energy recovery system itself is the process of the auto- mobile braking deceleration, so the use of this system will reduce the use of traditional braking sys- tem. It is to say, the use of Braking Energy Recovery System can improve the power performance and fuel economy of the vehicle, and can reduce the emissions of pollutants and the wear and tear of the braking system.


Yes - Leith Victoria Swim Centre is within 5 minutes' walking distance of Pilrig House. It has a fully equipped gym, sauna, hot pool, recently upgraded Victorian swimming pool, 2 fitness studios and fitness classes, and entry is very reasonably priced. Reviews mention that it is very clean, staff are great, and the atmosphere is very friendly.Debbie can recommend an excellent massage therapist (who is also a trained physiotherapist) - please email and she can book you an appointment during your stay here.


This study was an application of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD / CAM) technology to develop and produce stainless steel bipolar plates for DMFC (direct methanol fuel cell). Surface modification on the stainless steel to reduce voltage losses due to the formation of passive layers by electroless Au plating has been demonstrated. The electroless Au plating and uncoated stainless steel bipolar plates were assembled to a direct methanol fuel cell and conduct performance testing. The methanol crossover rate of proton exchange membrane (PEM), the efficiency of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and the amount of methanol electro-oxidation of the bipolar electrode at cathode side are obtained by the transient current analysis.


T HAT which has passed and, in fact, still passes for Malthusianism in the mind of the man in the street, the social politician, the amateur economist, and, indeed, of the professional economist, has not infrequently been a very different thing from the theory advanced more than a century ago by the distinctly atypical "country parson." In the body of literature under consideration, indeed, there was not found a single interpretation of it correct enough, and at the same time comprehensive enough, to provide a point of reference from which the other American comments might have been viewed. It has been deemed necessary, therefore, at the outset briefly to answer the perennial question: Precisely what was the doctrine of Malthus? It would not be far wrong to say that the central principle was just this: A finite earth cannot support the unchecked increase of any form of life, animal or plant, and must of necessity, therefore, prescribe such limits to the production of the means of subsistence as to prevent the full potential growth of human population.' The elaborate structure built up around this core, controversial in origin and for that reason argumentative in tone, consisted of three distinct yet closely related parts: first, a theory of the increase of population; second, a theory of production; and third, a theory of distribution or, more precisely, of poverty. Characterizing the first of these phases was Malthus' famous dictum on the rate of increase of population. This law rested on the a priori principle that at any time the potential growth was approximately a function of already existing numbers and on the assumed permanently operative biological laws bearing on human reproduction. In the United States population had, for some


Inflammation and low oxygen diffusion are recognized characteristics of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Evodiamine, extracted from the traditional Chinese herb, Evodia rutaecarpa, is a bioactive anti-inflammatory alkaloid. The objective of this study was to investigate whether evodiamine could repress hypoxia-induced inflammatory response. We showed that evodiamine repressed not only COX-2 and iNOS expression but also prostaglandin E2 release in a concentration-dependent manner under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, our studies indicated that COX-2 mRNA was inhibited by evodiamine, implying that transcriptional activity is involved in the mechanistic pathway. It is striking that hypoxia-inducible factor 1&agr; (HIF-1&agr;) inhibitor, camptothecin, suppressed hypoxia-induced COX-2 expression rather than pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a nuclear factor &kgr;B inhibitor. In addition, our studies have confirmed that evodiamine inhibited HIF-1&agr;, which accounted for the transcriptional activity of COX-2, rather than nuclear factor &kgr;B in RAW264.7 cells. Finally, evodiamine did not affect either the level of HIF-1&agr; mRNA or the degradation rate of HIF-1&agr; protein, but it regulated the translational process of HIF-1&agr;. We found that hypoxia-evoked phosphorylation of Akt and p70S6K was blocked after evodiamine treatment, in addition to the inhibition of phosphorylation of 4E-BP. These results suggest that the mechanism of repression of hypoxia-induced COX-2 expression by evodiamine is through the inhibition of HIF-1&agr; at the translational level and is primarily mediated via dephosphorylation of Akt and p70S6K. Therefore, evodiamine could be an effective therapeutic agent against inflammatory diseases involving hypoxia.


The superscalar pipeline and the cache mechanism make SMC (Self-Modifying Code) a problem in mainstream processing systems. It is necessary to handle this case for compatibility and keep supporting the programs with SMC. This paper analyzes many programs for their SMC behaviors and several methods for SMC handling,and gives a facile method that can be easily implemented to handle the SMC problem. A FIFO queue is used for checking SMC out of the pipeline,decreasing the complexity of the logic,and multiplexing the data memory access paths to avoid the use of multi-port design. In this way,the processor area is reduced by 1.16% ,while the performance is influenced no more than 0.1%.


Analysis is done to the popular problems of choosing checking base, fixing checking location for head change and minimum criterion, which affect the accuracy of cam detection In light of GB/T1182-1996 and GB/T116671-1996, the author presents the principle for choosing checking base, method for fixing checking location of cam (derivation of starting angle for checking), treatment of checking data for cam lift and criterion for qualified cam lift, etc


Significant population and economic growth, caused increasing of energy demand. Depletion of fossil fuel moreover coupled by climate change issue that caused by increasing carbon emission, become necessity to continuously encourage achieving renewable energy mix in energy primer. Large potentials of hydro renewable energy source and small utilization of it, micro-hydro and pico-hydro power plant are suitable to develop especially in country side. The research gap in the current turbine application chart is a challenge for Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) strong existence in pico-hydro power, besides conventional turbine design has been developed into it. However, development in vortex flow and basin geometry design has a robust design for the past 10 years of research. Researches have been conducted in few countries that proofed GWVPP has less capital investment and low operational and maintenance cost, however the parameter of the GWVPP still need further development since the power output efficiency still low. Since basin opening and outlet diameter are the main parameters to define basin geometry, inlet channel need to do further research. The research will improve the recent gaps; therefore, vortex turbine could be developed accordingly that would result immediate improvements for renewable energy growth in Indonesia through GWVPP.


Ideals of a ring generated by a fuzzy subset and an element of a ring are defined and their properties are discussed. The notions of units, associates, prime element, irreducible element, etc. in classical ring theory are generalized with respect to a fuzzy subset and analogous results are obtained . Images and pre-images of translational invariant fuzzy subset under ring homomorphisms are studied. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 08A72


In the mobile ad hoc network, network nodes are continuously capable of movement, but have battery limitations and these characteristics of MANET cause network link failure. Therefore, when performing ubiquitous services with the application of MANET, a technique is required to improve the packet transmission rates as to enable continuous packet transmission while flexibly adapting to topology changes caused by the mobility of nodes. In this paper, we are proposing PAOMDV(Possibility based AOMDV) and OLSR-ME(OLSR with Modified Energy Efficiency) which are mixed-type protocols to solve the problem for design a more efficient protocol. Especially by classifying mobile ad hoc networks as clusters, OLSR-ME protocol is implemented on communication within the clusters, while PAOMDV is used in protocols between clusters. In addition, a selection algorithm for forwarding nodes that responding packet relays in the case of increased hops was proposed for designing a more efficient protocol than existing protocols. We verified the performance of the proposed protocols through a comparative experiment with AODV, AOMDV, ZRP, and the existing protocols. We confirmed the results of the experiment revealed that the proposed protocol had the best packet transmission rate, the shortest delay between nodes, and showed better results in routing overhead.


ZnO crystals with different morphologies were synthesized through a thermal evaporation of Zn-Mn mixtures in air. The morphology was dependant on the Mn content in Zn-Mn mixture. The morphology was changed from rod to tetrapod shape with decreasing Mn content in Zn-Mn mixture. The result indicates that the concentration of Mn might be responsible for the different morphologies of ZnO crystals. XRD spectra showed that the ZnO crystals had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal strutures. For all the samples, room temperature cathodoluminescence spectra showed a ultra-violet emission at 380 nm and a green emission at around 500 nm. However, the intensity ratio of ultra-violet emission to green emission was significantly different with the Mn content in the source material.


Abstract The rapid delignification rates associated with anthraquinone-alkaline pulping could be due to the formation and reactions of lignin qulnonemethide-anthrahydroquinone (QM-AHQ) adducts. The chemistry of some simple QM-AHQ adducts is examined here. Upon heating in aqueous alkali, the QM-AHQ adducts fragment to QMs and AHQ. At 100° the adducts are reduced by AHQ dianion to afford QM-anthrone adducts and anthraquinone. At typical pulping temperatures (173°), the adducts are extensively, but not completely, decomposed, releasing AHQ and/or anthraquinone.


Catalytic ozonation with coal-based activated carbon (carbozone) followed by GAC ( granular activated carbon) filtration was compared with ozone-GAC process for water purification. Songhua River water pretreated with traditional processes was used as influent in the continuous-flow experiments. The carbozone-GAC process performed better than the ozone-GAC process during the 9. 5-months operation period. The organic removal rate in carbozone was found to be very high in the initial operation period,and then gradually decreased to a steady level. At the steady state of operation,the average removal rates of permanganate index ( PI) and UV254 were 25. 8% and 67. 8% in carbozone,and 6. 6% and 53. 7% in ozonation alone,respectively. The carbozone process also achieved a higher DOC removal than ozonation alone,and moreover,the number of semi-volatile organic compounds detected with GC/MS decreased from 44 to 28 in carbozone and 34 in ozonation alone,respectively. The catalyst surface became more acidic during the long-term operation with its pHPZC( pH at which its surface is zero charged) decreased from 7. 0 to 6. 2. In addition,the physical characteristics of the catalyst were also changed during the operation.


Ectopic pancreas is a benign congenital abnormality, defined as pancreatic tissue that lacks anatomic or vascular continuity to the pancreas. An incidence of 0.55%-13% has been described in autopsy studies. Ectopic pancreas is most commonly found in the upper GI-Tract.


Human ethology has been accused of being the behavioral science that treats humans as though they don't make vocal sounds. Although heritable, coordinated patterns of movement or fixed action patterns (Erbkoordinationen), which are the fundamental building blocks of classical ethology, can generate "our" vocal sounds (e.g., laughing, crying, and screaming), they cannot generate "your" vocal sounds (e.g., spoken words in English, German, French, Spanish, etc.). These latter "your" vocal sounds are made by single muscle movements, which when volitionally repeated, combined or coordinated, can generate culture-specific, behaviorally-generated vocal sound symbols, such as the general names in each culture for persons who give birth to babies (e.g., mother, Mutter, mère, madre). This article is a first attempt at an ethological classification of human vocalizing behaviors and the sounds they make. Lastly, how human ethologists could study these two different types of human vocalizing behaviors, using the sounds they make as proxies, will be discussed.


Articulation theory is a computational model designed to predict speech recognition scores for nonideal listening channels. Fletcher's original formulation [H. Fletcher and R. H. Galt, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 22, 89–151 (1950)] has been overlooked, presumably due to its complexity and the availability of simplified versions such as ANSI S3.5‐1969. The Fletcher and ANSI versions were compared on their ability to predict articulation scores using data collected by Rankovic et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 2319(A) (1991); 91, 354–362 (1992)]. In those studies, consonant‐correct scores were obtained from five normal‐hearing and seven hearing‐impaired subjects in the presence of octave‐band noises centered on 0.5, 1, or 2 kHz and noise‐masking patterns were obtained from all subjects in all conditions. The speech was amplified for the hearing‐impaired subjects. For normal‐hearing subjects, both models made good predictions of consonant‐correct scores. For hearing‐impaired subjects, the ANSI version overestimated scores for conditions with articulation indices (AIs) greater than about 0.5, whereas Fletcher AIs were smaller and predictions more accurate. Differences in the AI calculations that account for these results will be discussed. [Work supported by NIH.]


The volleyball referee work plays a very important and necessary part in developing volleyball sports and improving the work of volleyball competitions.As many researches and practices have indicated,although the athlete is the chief part in the volleyball sports,the umpire,who is the important part in the competitions,has a great effect on the volleyball games.His penalty in the games can directly influence that the athletes bring their skills and tactics into play and whether it is a closely fought game or not.


A series of 9‐methoxy‐6H‐[1]benzothiopyrano[4,3‐b]quinolin‐10‐ols with a Mannich side chain were synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐Hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity in HepG2.2.15 cells. Some compounds showed significant anti‐HBV activity with IC50 values less than 41 μM. Among them, compound 9b was the most effective anti‐HBV agent (IC50 = 1.7 μM, SI = 60.3).


The stratum lithology and geological structure of the highway tunnel in the mountainous areas of western China are complex, and the engineering geological conditions are complicated. When the highway tunnel passes through different lithological strata, its structural design and construction are completely different. Therefore, the design and construction of the supporting tunnel are used in the tunnel survey. The identification of the contact boundary between magmatic rock and metamorphic rock and the grade of surrounding rock is very important. The data processing, forward numerical simulation, 1D, 2D, and 3D inversion of the G8513 Jiuzhaigou-Mianyang Expressway Mupi Tunnel survey by magnetotelluric method reveals the ground level along the design line of the tunnel to the depth of 50m depths within the design elevation of the tunnel. Electrical characteristics, focusing on the identification of the contact boundary between magmatic rock and metamorphic rock. This study provides the electrical characteristics of the magmatic rock and metamorphic rock contact boundary of the Mupi Tunnel. It is speculated that the boundary is revealed by the tunnel construction excavation, which verifies the correctness of the geophysical inversion model and provides a more detailed design basis for the tunnel design. It is believed that taking the Mupi tunnel survey as an example, this research can provide detailed geophysical basis for the identification of magmatic rock and metamorphic rock in highway tunnels, as well as the geological survey and design of highway tunnels.


IL-4 is a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties on activated macrophages. Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune inflammatory disease, is characterized by a paucity of IL-4 and an abundance of synovial macrophage-derived mediators. Herein, the effect of a single injection of adenovirus-producing rat IL-4 (AxCAIL-4) or a control virus with no inserted gene was compared with the effect of PBS injection into rat ankles. Ankles were injected before arthritis onset or at maximal inflammation. Preventatively, AxCAIL-4 reduced adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA)- and/or AIA/adenoviral-induced ankle inflammation, decreasing articular index scores, ankle circumferences, paw volumes, radiographic scores, mean levels of monocyte chemoattractant pro-tein-1, the number of inflammatory cells, and the number of synovial blood vessels. Therapeutically, AxCAIL-4 also decreased ankle circumferences and paw volumes in comparison with a control virus with no inserted gene and PBS groups. After arthritis onset, mean levels of TNF- a , IL-1 b , macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and RANTES were decreased in AxCAIL-4 rat ankle homogenates compared with PBS-treated homogenates. Thus, increased expression of IL-4 via gene therapy administered in a preventative and/or therapeutic manner reduced joint inflammation, synovial cellularity, levels of proinflammatory cytokines, vascularization,


The toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the combination of recombinant interferon gamma (rIFN‐γ) and alpha (rIFN‐α) was investigated in 15 patients with metastatic melanoma. Patients were treated with an escalating dose of rIFN‐γ and a fixed dose of rIFN‐α administered s.c. 3 times a week. The maximum dose was well tolerated. The median survival time of the patients was 7 months; no clinical remissions were observed. In the majority of cases, expression of HLA class‐I and ‐II antigens on the patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes increased markedly during treatment. An increase in HLA‐DR expression of peripheral blood T lymphocytes was correlated with a longer survival time. This suggests that activation of T lymphocytes may have a favourable influence on the course of metastatic disease. The in vitro anti‐proliferative activity of IFNs on melanoma cell lines isolated from melanoma metastases during treatment of 3 patients was determined. In contrast to the lack of in vivo anti‐tumour effect in patients, both rIFN‐γ and rIFN‐α inhibited DNA synthesis of these melanoma cell lines in vitro, combined IFNs acting synergistically. Anti‐proliferative activity observed in vitro occurred at IFN concentrations below the peak serum levels achieved in vivo.


SUMMARY A versatile luminescence spectrophotometer has been designed and constructed. With this instrument, corrected excitation and emission spectra are recorded automatically in either relative energy or quantum units without loss of resolution or sensitivity. Quantum efficiencies of luminescence are determined directly or by comparison of unknowns with a compound of known quantum efficiency. The instrument covers the spectral range 200-1250 μ with interchangeable gratings and detectors. Low-temperature measurements of fluorescence and phosphorescence are made using aquartz Dewar. Luminescence decay curves are measured to rates approaching 1 msec. High-resolution spectra can be obtained: to ˜ 2 A between 200 and 750 mμ, and ˜ 10 A between 750 and 1250 mμ The sample chamber is adaptable to allow for measurement of luminescence of solutions, frozen solutions, solid matrices, crystals, etc. The utility of the instrument for most of these uses is demonstrated.


Theoretical study on Qigong is one of the establishments of the necessary basic conditions for learning. By literature collection,we believed that the theoretical basis of Qigong includes traditional philosophy,theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and principle of health maintenance. Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,and health-related arms are referred to in the theory and practice. The basic framework Qigong includes four aspects: correspondence between man and universe,holism,health conservation and martial art system.


Domain generalization (DG) addresses the problem of generalizing classification performance across any unknown domain, by leveraging training samples from multiple source domains. Currently, the training process of the state-of-the-art DG-methods is dependent on a large amount of labeled data. This restricts the application of the models in many real-world scenarios, where collecting and annotating a large dataset is an expensive and difficult task. Thus, in this paper, we address the problem of Semi-supervised Domain Generalization (SSDG), where the training set contains only a few labeled data, in addition to a large number of unlabeled data from multiple domains. This is relatively unexplored in literature and poses a considerable challenge to the state-of-the-art DG models, since their performance degrades under such condition. To address this scenario, we propose a novel Selective Mixing and Voting Network (SMV-Net), which effectively extracts useful knowledge from the set of unlabeled training data, available to the model. Specifically, we propose a mixing strategy on selected unlabeled samples on which the model is confident about their predicted class labels to achieve a domain-invariant representation of the data, which generalizes effectively across any unseen domain. Secondly, we also propose a voting module, which not only improves the generalization capability of the classifier, but can also comment on the prediction of the test samples, using references from a few labeled training examples, despite of their domain gap. Finally, we introduce a test-time mixing strategy to re-look at the top class-predictions and re-order them if required to further boost the classification performance. Extensive experiments on two popular DG-datasets demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed framework.


The method and apparatus of the present invention relates to a replacement carriage, belonging to the metallurgical industry sintering machine, a belt roaster to replace Field carriage. The apparatus comprises a carriage, the straight track, the bends, the straight outer rail, the outer bends, the main drive wheel, the carriage rails move, move the carriage rail, the outer sides of the bend of the main drive wheel into a lower movable external bends, fixed outer middle bend, the movable upper outer bend; lower movable upper rail and the lower end of the outer curved outer bend middle fixing hinge; the movable upper end and an outer bend track hinged at one end into the carriage. The present invention may be implemented or belt sintering machine to replace the firing carriage in a non-stop conditions, no additional vehicle replacement time, improve production efficiency; no sintering machine or belt machine downtime and firing performed to stop the wind or wind Save other operations, no change in the production conditions, relatively stable; since the stable production conditions, product yields and drum index is not reduced.


The author analyzes two kinds of phenomena of idioms application in advertising language:magical effect of original form and dismemberment of denaturation and points out the necessity of standard application of idioms.


This paper proposes a new source locating method referred to as the one receiving point locating method in which only one receiving point is required. This method locates the moving object from its azimuth and elevation angles, so that the receiving system and the locating procedure can be realized simpler than the conventional methods. These angles are detected from two phase differences of the arrival signal impinged on each element of a three-element sensor array. For the phase estimation from the Fourier coefficients of signals, the notch Fourier transform (NFT) with small computational complexity is employed. To compare the locating accuracy of the NFT, we also consider the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Furthermore, to improve the locating resolution of the NFT, we propose a new arrival angles detection method referred to as the correlation-based NFT (COR-NFT). The COR-NFT detects the azimuth and elevation angles from two phases of cross-correlation functions of each sensor output. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using data collected with an experimental system. In this experimental system, we use the ultrasonic wave as the signal instead of the electromagnetic wave, because we can not easily utilize a higher operating frequency for our poor mounting technique. The used frequency is well suited to the size of the array which can be conveniently built and treated. In our experiments, we have confirmed that the locating resolution is improved with increasing the number of sampled data N, where the standard deviations of detected angles are within 12.4deg, 3.45deg, 2.56deg, and 4.35deg for the NFT, the MLE (N=4)the MLE (N=32)and the COR-NFT (N=32)respectively. Furthermore, it is possible to detect the moving direction of the source by the proposed moving object tracking method.


This article has two analytical dimensions: the first deals with the meaning and purpose of the policies designed and implemented by the capitalist state; the second investigates their nature, whether public or state. Therefore, the article intends to build a conceptual and methodological framework that will help to better understand about the reasons of the success or failure of the so-called public policies, especially in the context of the peripheral countries. This involves understanding that the outcome is associated much more to the way social demands are managed - political administration - that to the precision of previously established calculations.


The effects of applicant race and applicant quality on recall errors and on decision making in the employment interview were examined. Eighty-eight white undergraduates in the mid-Western United States reviewed paper credentials and then interviewed a high or low quality black or white applicant in a controlled experimental setting. Results showed that, although the interviewers hired the black and white applicants in equal proportion, one week later they recalled the answers to the interview questions given by the black applicants as having been significantly less intelligent then those of whites - when in fact the actual interview content in the two race conditions was identical. Presumably, the participants of this study had negative schemas towards blacks that they were able to suppress when making hiring decisions, but that were revealed when unobtrusive measures were used.


Concerning of challenges of building a rational salary system in China′s public hospitals, the paper focused on analysis of hospital revenue sources, total salary control, inequalities in pay, financial objectives assessment by the government, and hospital board salary rationalization. The efforts aim to provide decision support for the government to rationalize the salary system in public hospitals in China.

Key words:
Hospitals, public; Salary; Challenges; Analysis


Phase equilibrium data have been obtained for the binary systems nitrogen-argon and nitrogen-carbon monoxide at 83.82°K. and for the systems nitrogen-methane, argon-methane, and carbon monoxide-methane at 9.67°K. Total pressures and compositions of both phases were measured. Parameters have been calculated for the Redlich-Kister and Wilson equations for the excess Gibbs energies of the mixtures. The data are thermodynamically consistent within experimental error.


There are lots of techniques to obtain spectrum of extended celestial objects on a 2D field from which scientific advantages are obvious.Traditional techniques like scanning slit spectroscopy,multiple slit spectroscopy and Fabry-Perot spectroscopy could do it in rather limited cases.Much more observing time is necessary in order to obtain spatial resolution over two directions.Spectral coverage and resolution are both strictly limited.Nowadays the focus of 3D imaging spectroscopy has been on the integral field spectroscopy which samples the 2D field by an array of sub-apertures.The technique facilitates investigating extended objects with larger field size,good 2D spatial resolution and spectral resolution,but with less observing time although with some difficulties brought to data reduction. This paper gives an overview of various developed integral field technologies.Three basic methods(lenslet array,combination of fibers and lenslet array,image slicing)are described, discussed and compared with each other.Image slicing is a unique technique that retains spatial resolution within each sub-aperture at current time.The types of image-slicers are treated in more detail.Finally,we give a brief view of the application and the development of the integral field unit based on imaging spectroscopy.Future possibilities of building IFU based 3D imaging spectrograph in China are considered as well.


McKee and Stuckler, two notable policy analysts, present their personal view that scientific splits on covid-19 are not what they seem.1 Rather than present data to support their opinions, however, they use injudicious language to undermine those who hold opposing views.

They refer to "well meaning" scientists and health professionals who support the Great Barrington Declaration. There is no evidence that supporters of this declaration are any more or less well meaning than those who oppose it. This euphemistic …


The formations of TiNx0y/TiSi2 bilayer on Si by rapid thermal nitridation of titanium silicide in NH3 as well as p+/n shallow junction using doped silicide technique have been studied. Results of the chemical stability of TiNx0v/TiSi7/Si in dilute HF, the effectiveness of TiNx0, on TiSi2 as a diffusion barrier Mr Al boron diffusion in Si02/TiSi,2/Si structure, the surface dopant concentration at the TiSi7/Si interface, and the junction quality are presented. It is found that TiNx0y/TiSi2 bilayer has good chemical stability in dilute HF for 60 sec and acts as an effeentive contact barrier between Al and Si substrate up to 500°C, 30 min. Shallow p±n junction with high boron concentration at the TiSO/Si interface has been formed. P-1-/n diodes and p-channel LDD MOSFETs fabricated using this technology show good I-V characteristics with a reverse leakage current on the order of 10-9A/cm.


disparate options. Under most When faced with decreases in energy intake, an animal has two conditions, hunger stimulates increased foraging activity, a strategy of short-term expenditure off-set by a reasonable-expectation of foraging success. However, when faced wit increased energy h periods of predictable or prolonged shortages of energy intake (although not necessarily energy availability), the animal should limit energy expenditures.


Practical syntheses of substituted ketene dithioacetal monoxides (KDMs) from the corresponding aldehydes or ethyl trifluoroacetate are described. Newly developed procedures are scalable and versati...


This paper presents the outcome of a corpus-based study of negation in English. The most straightforward conception of negation typically involves an inversion of some (descriptive) state of affairs [as in (1)] yet in everyday language negation may target any aspect of the utterance (thus going beyond the propositional content); Horn (1989) deems this metalinguistic negation [as in (2)]: (1) I don't feel well [I feel terrible] (2) I don't feel 'well' I feel great ! Theoretical discussion of negation is centuries old but we now confront the empirical plausibility of current theory: drawing from real, spoken data in the International Corpus of English (ICE-GB) we can access hundreds of utterances containing the negative particle [not]. Indeed, by appealing to real life examples we illustrate the difficulty in positing a clear allocation of – and distinction between – Horn's original posited categories. Instead, the corpus data and analysis gives rise to a modified, finer grained classification; enabling the identification of certain 'clearer' cases of metalinguistic and descriptive negation whilst allowing for considerable overlap between the assignments. This assessment still permits a modest reconciliation with Horn's dichotomy and furthermore presents a tentative association with the public, mental and abstract representations discussed by Wilson (2000).


In most cases, in South Africa, informal trading policies, which aim to formally integrate informal trading in an urban setup in order to harness the socioeconomic developmental potential often fuel tension. In essence, urban planning towards modernization of projects often contradicts plans to promote local economic development for informal trading. The objective of this paper sought to present the concept of a state-led and politically-facilitated urban regeneration programs to integrate informal trading in spite of the contradictions between the two (informal trading as an urban informality-unlawful, and urban regeneration as an urban formality-lawful) as a new theoretical construct in Africa using qualitative research, and case studies from the three metropolitan cities of South Africa, including the City of Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban. The findings were that management approach towards informal trading in South Africa has shifted from a more repressive approach towards a regulatory approach, and are largely successful.


Ayans which emerged at Anatolian and Rumelian provinces of Ottoman Imperium, whom was sort of an equilibrant to government and each other, lived through their most powerful period in Eastern Black Sea region at the end of 18th and early years of 19th century. This period also was the opening of Black Sea to the international maritime trade. And most of the seaports of Eastern Black Sea was established at this period either. In this study we will examine maritime activities of Ayans just before first Steamship cruises at Eastern Black Sea. Our aim is to discuss effects of decentralisation on maritime sector, ayan interest about maritime and effects of steamship cruises on local navigation in this context.


Previous Work: Historically, motion analysis methods have focused on fitting geometric models to pairs or triplets of images in an image sequence. Computational simplicity and mathematical completeness are good reasons for analyzing only 2 or 3 images at a time, but modeling the geometry of a video stream as a chain of image pairs has the drawback that the sets of matching points from non-consecutive frames are not explicitly constrained to satisfy a single geometric model. They are only implicitly related through the chain of pairwise models. Such pairwise models make sense when analyzing a collection of images taken from widely spaced and oriented camera poses because only some views overlap enough to provide enough point matches for reliable estimates. In video, however, an abundance of scene points are visible in every frame, so n-tuples of matching image points should fit an explicit multiple-view model of rigid motion. The problem is how to find a geometric model for a multiple-frame sequence that is both tractable to compute and has the right numbers of degrees of freedom for the underlying camera motion. Several approaches to fitting general, geometric models to many frames may be found in [2, 5, 7].


Purpose: To investigate the differences in perfusion CT dose between 4 distinct collimator configurations on a 64‐slice scanner.Method and Materials: An Alderson‐Rando head phantom was used in this study. A total of 110 LiF TLD‐100 with dimensions of 3×3×0.8 mm were inserted in the phantom holes. Slices 2 and 3 of the phantom were used with two TLD chips per hole imbedded in between 2 plastic rods so that the chips are in the middle of the slice. Another 7 TLD chips were placed on the phantom surface, 2 of which were over the lens locations. All scans were performed on a Philips 64 Brilliance CTscanner with the following parameters: 80 kVp, 200 mA, 0.75 s rotation time, 40 cycles. Results: If baseline dose is considered to be when the full 40 mm collimator is used, then preliminary data shows an average increase of 16% in measured TLD dose for the 25 mm configuration, a 21% increase for the 15 mm setting, and a 34% increase for the 10 mm detector configuration. Dose maps of the two Rando phantom slices of interest will also be presented to demonstrate the dependence of the dose profiles on the selected collimator width while keeping all other parameters unchanged. Conclusion: As some of the doses in perfusion CT that we measured were in excess of 25 cGy, great effort should be made in trying to minimize the dose to the patient. Based on the type of scanner and the number of maximum slices available, the collimator configuration which results in the lowest dose while still providing sufficient coverage should be specified in addition to the standard 5 mm slice thickness prescription.


The association between periodontal diseases incidence and development and the metabolic diseases as Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity are recently have attract great deal of researchers attention and investigation. The periodontal health proved to reduce the systemic inflammatory reactions and positively improve the glycemic control of diabetes Type2 patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of oral hygiene control on the glycemic control of obese and normal weight moderately controlled Diabetic Type 2 patients, in addition to study the association of obesity with the gingival inflammation. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study of three months duration. Included 30 moderately controlled diabetic type2 patients who attend the Specialist Center for Endocrine and Diabetes diseases Baghdad Al-Russafa administration / Iraqi Ministry of Health, were grouped into two groups, G1 of normal weight diabetics, and G2 obese diabetics according to their BMI level, the oral hygiene status measured by their PLI,GI,BBOP,PDI,CAL was conducted at each of the five visits of three weeks interval between each till the end of three months duration of the study and the level of their glycemic control measured by HbA1c level was conducted at the first and the fifth visit of the research duration , BMI was measured at the first and the fifth visit also. Paired t-test, ANOVA, Qui-square and Pearson correlation statistical analysis was used to investigate the significance of the improved glycemic control after oral hygiene control (OHC) of both G1 and G2. Results: periodontal parameters of both G1 and G2 were significantly improved after OHC with a significant reduction in HbA1c level of both normal weight and obese patients. Conclusion: The Oral Hygiene Control (OHC) is sufficient to improve reduction in Diabetes control level with or without overweight.OHC home care and professional measures could improve the gain in periodontal health in normal weight diabetics and overweight diabetics Obesity has an association with the presence of bleeding on probing as an indicator of the gingival inflammation in diabetic Type2 patients.


The agglomeration mechanism of nano-SiO2 particles was introduced.Research and development (RD) of nano-SiO2 surface modification in China were reviewed.Application of nano-SiO2 particles in coating was also introduced.At last,the prospect of nano-SiO2particle application in coating was suggested.


ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between serum concentration of interleukin(IL)-13,expression of peripheral blood monouclear cells(PBMC) IL-13 mRNA and steroid-resistant in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).To clarify the possible mechanism about IL-13 in PNS.MethodsThirty-nine children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS) and 27 children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS) were enrolled in the study(patients group).Forty healthy children were selected as healthy control group after physical examination.The serum concentration of IL-13 was measured by ELISA.The expression of IL-13 mRNA was detected with RT-PCR method.The amount of 24 h urine protein was measured by biuret.The serum concentration of cholesterol(Chol),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL),total protein(TP),albumin(Alb) were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer.The differences of different groups were compared with SPSS 13.0 software.Results1.The serum protein concentration of IL-13,expression of PBMC IL-13 in SSNS and SRNS was significantly higher than those of healthy control group(Pa0.05).The serum concentration of IL-13,expression of PBMC IL-13 in SRNS was higher than those of SSNS(Pa0.05).The comparison of the amount of 24 h urine protein,Chol,TG,TP,Alb between SSNS and SRNS was not statistically significant(P0.05).But the serum concentration of LDL in SRNS was higher than that of SSNS(P0.05).2.After regular corticosteroid hormone therapy,the serum concentration of IL-13 and expression of PBMC IL-13 mRNA in SRNS were significantly higher than those of SSNS and healthy control group(Pa0.05).The comparison between SSNS and healthy control was not statistically significant(P0.05).3.The serum concentration of IL-13 and expression of PBMC mRNA in SSNS were significantly lower after therapy than before(P0.05).But in SRNS,there were no differences before and after therapy(P0.05).ConclusionsSRNS was associated with the elevated serum concentration of IL-13,expression of PBMC IL-13 mRNA.Too more IL-13 serum concentration and expression may play some role in the onset and development of SRNS.Regulation of IL-13 serum level maybe a new therapeutic method for SRNS.


ABSTRACT Sublethal concentrations of ethanol or isopropanol increased attachment of Listeria monocytogenes at 10, 20, or 30°C; no induction occurred at 37°C. The alcohol induction phenotype was retained in sigB and cesRK mutants; however, the degree of induction was affected. These results suggest that alcohol may contribute to the persistence of L. monocytogenes.