INTRODUCTION Since dentists are strategically positioned to promote tobacco abstinence and cessation, we assessed their commitment through their patients' dental history in one of the busiest tertiary dental clinics in Nigeria, and also aimed to assess factors associated with screening for tobacco use. METHODS This retrospective and descriptive study utilized the dental records of patients (aged 12–80 years) at the oral diagnosis unit of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LSUTH), Nigeria, from 2017–2018. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify variables such as age, gender, history of tobacco use, while the outcome variable was provision of cessation assistance through referral to the preventive dentistry cessation clinic. Data were analyzed by χ2 tests, t-test, and regression analysis. The significant level for statistical analysis was set at 5% (p≤0.05). RESULTS A total of 15786 new patients, mean age 49.3±12.8 years, were reviewed. Only 4104 (26%) of the patients had their tobacco use history documented; of these, 656 (16%) indicated past or current tobacco use; only 120 (18.3%) of these were referred for cessation counseling in the preventive dentistry unit. Males (n=611; 93.1%) had a higher proportion of past or present tobacco use. Patients presenting with oral ulcers (OR=1.94) and jaw tumors (OR=2.45) were significantly more likely to be screened for tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS Less than 0.01% of new patients were provided with tobacco use cessation advice, and opportunities for screening were essentially unexploited implying an urgent need to incorporate tobacco cessation interventions as part of standard clerking sheets for patients. INTRODUCTION Tobacco consumption occurs in many forms such as cigarettes, pipes, cigars, cigarillos, bidis, kreteks, smokeless tobacco (chew, snuff, and dissolvable strips, sticks, or lozenges), and through a hookah or waterpipe. The most common and referenced version of tobacco use is smoking. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the categories of smoked tobacco products are cigars, hookah, pipe tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, electronic nicotine delivery systems and cigarettes. A cigarette is a thin cylinder of finely cut tobacco rolled in paper for smoking with chemical additives and a filter. There are 93 known harmful and potentially harmful chemicals in cigarettes including nicotine, cadmium, lead, acetaldehyde, ammonia, and benzene, and more than 7000 chemicals in cigarette smoke itself1. Close to 80% of the world's 1 billion smokers live in lowto middle-income countries, like Nigeria2. Due to poor regulatory framework and weak governing systems, easy distribution of tobacco products, the initiation and maintenence of tobacco use is widely prevalent in Nigeria. Currently, about 1 in every 5 Nigerians smokes3, with high prevalence of consumption, as high as 50% among highrisk occupations like truck drivers4. Over 20 billion sticks of cigarettes are consumed annually in the country3. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that tobacco kills nearly 7 million people annually while 100 million tobacco related deaths were recorded over the course of the 20th century5. Tobacco is the leading preventable cause of mortality globally, contributing to cancer, cardiac disease, stroke, chronic lung diseases and other non-communicable Research Paper| Population Medicine Popul. Med. 2021;3(February):6 https://doi.org/10.18332/popmed/132292 2 diseases6. Furthermore, the consumption of tobacco products also has a negative impact on oral health; tobacco smoking is a significant etiological factor in periodontal diseases, deficits in postoperative oral healing and recovery, and plays a role in the failure of dental implants7. These diseases not only affect disability adjusted life years (DALYs), but also lead to a significant economic burden on societies8,9. One of the six measures developed to advance tobacco control is to 'offer help to quit tobacco use'10 in the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, which is ratified by 177 countries worldwide. Substantial evidence shows that smoking cessation reduces mortality from tobaccorelated diseases and improves health11. However, smoking is a powerful addiction and despite numerous quit attempts, many individuals who smoke frequently fail to stop smoking12. Smoking cessation programs are therefore necessary to provide the support required for smokers to quit13. An analysis of 17 trials investigating physicians' advice as an intervention concluded that even brief advice was effective in increasing the odds ratio for quitting smoking (1.74)14. National health organizations and organized dentistry have long advocated for practitioners to take a more active role in tobacco interventions with their patients13,15. Carr and Ebbert16 have reported that abstinence rates may increase among tobacco users as a result of behavioral interventions with an oral examination component provided by dentists and their auxiliaries in clinics or community settings. Dental healthcare providers are a great resource to aid in tobacco cessation. The patient–dentist relationship is unique; the dentist has the opportunity to meet his/her patient over many visits, which provides the opportunity to initiate and reinforce tobacco cessation practices. Dentists are experienced and knowledgeable in diagnosing oral disease4, particularly the adverse oral health effects of tobacco smoking, which on many occasions are present as potentially malignant or malignant lesions. Dentists can provide cessation assistance to their patients by identifying the oral signs of tobacco use, informing patients of these and assessing their willingness to quit smoking. They can also refer patients who desire to quit for smoking cessation services. It is estimated that about 50% of patients visit their dentist at least once a year17. In many countries, dentistry may be a potential setting for several aspects of clinical public health interventions because of their regular recall system of patients, presenting opportunity for promoting life style changes. In a recent Nigerian study, about half of the patients visiting the teaching hospital attended the dental clinic, a very high proportion18. Thus, the dental office visit provides a unique opportunity for dental professionals to point out the detrimental effects of tobacco and to discuss and assist in quitting. Cessation assistance within the dental clinic can be defined as referring patients for cessation counseling in the preventive dentistry unit. Since dentists are strategically positioned to promote tobacco abstinence and cessation of tobacco use, we aimed to review patients' dental records in one of the busiest tertiary dental clinics in Nigeria to determine if tobacco use was documented and referral services for tobacco cessation were made. METHODS This retrospective and descriptive study utilized the dental records and case histories of patients (aged 12–80 years) seen at the oral diagnosis unit of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, over 2 years. The study was done at the dental center of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), which is the clinical division of Faculty of Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics Committee of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. The study was implemented in line with the Declarations of Helsinki and the confidentiality of all the participants was assured by the researchers. An official written request, which was approved, was also obtained from the medical records department of the Hospital. Written informed consent was not taken since the data were retrieved anonymously from the patients' records and confidentiality was guaranteed by omitting personal identifiers. The inclusion criteria were male and female subjects presenting for the first time to the dental center. The exclusion criteria included case files with incomplete information with respect to age and gender and missing diagnosis or treatment plan. The principal investigator and a second researcher were responsible for data collection using 40 randomly selected dental records of patients at the oral diagnosis unit of the dental center which were not included in the final analysis. Inter-examiner reliability for both examiners was 0.90, whereas the intra-examiner reliability was 0.92 and 0.87 for the two examiners, respectively. The dental records of the patients were subsequently retrieved by the dental record officers after they obtained the written permission from the medical records department. The principal investigator used a proforma to record the date of birth, gender, the presenting complaint and diagnosis made by the attending dentist, documentation of tobacco use history and treatment plan, including referral of the patient to the Preventive Dentistry unit for smoking cessation. The chart review procedure was replicated by the other examiner and the records were compared for reproducibility and consistency. Other sociodemographic parameters such as socioeconomic status, religion, and occupation were not included during the assessment of the patients' dental records. Statistical analysis Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20 (IBM, Armonk, New York). Descriptive statistics were used to quantify variables such as age, gender, history of tobacco use and referral to the preventive dentistry cessation clinic. Descriptive statistics included the mean age, sex distribution, Research Paper| Population Medicine Popul. Med. 2021;3(February):6 https://doi.org/10.18332/popmed/132292 3 and smoking status of the survey respondents. Data were analyzed by χ2 tests, t-test, and linear regression analysis. The confidence and significant levels for statistical analysis were set at 95% and 5%


Objective To develop a scientific and popularized evaluation index system for healthy village adapted to the rural areas of China.Methods After extensive literature review and topic discussions for developing the evaluation index system framework,the index system was constructed with Delphi method,and thus verified the scientific tenability and feasibility using focus group discussion,personal in-depth interview,and field observation methods in Beijing City and Qinghai Province.Results 32 experts were selected into two arounds of Delphi consultation research.The effective response rates of two rounds were 93.75% and 90.00% respectively.The average values of the authoritative coefficients were between 0.73 and 0.97.Based on the field verification,the evaluation index system was composed of 4 primary indicators closely associated with the farmers' health life,including healthy environment,health communication,health service,and health status.There were 16 secondary indicators and 37 tertiary indicators thereunder.Conclusion The structure of the evaluation index system of healthy villages became basically stabilized,and the consultant experts tended to reach a consensus.The evaluation index system contained the major factors of influencing people's health,and had certain scientificity,applicability and feasibility.


Past studies of newspaper accuracy have been directed at understanding the sources and nature of errors rather than providing a measurement system reliable enough for a newspaper to monitor its own performance. An independent judge can obtain acceptable levels of reliability and validity, but this procedure is relatively expensive. This study of errors in the Charlotte Observerweighed trade-offs in validity and reliability to find a workable measurement application.


The study was aimed to: (1) The consideration of farmers are applied GAP and Non-GAP in dragon fruit farming. (2) Determine factors which influenced dragon fruit production in GAP and Non-GAP. (3) The cost efficiency between GAP and Non-GAP dragon fruit farming. Descriptive analysis, quadratic function, and independent sample t-test are employed to determine the objective of the research. The study showed that: (1) There were some considerations in applying the GAP of dragon fruit farming such the higher selling price to collectors, the affordable manure and fungicide costs, and eco-friendly. Meanwhile, the consideration of farmers in applying Non-GAP of dragon fruit farming was the larger size of fruit, the higher excitement of the consumers, and it was easier to obtain fungicide and manure. (2) In GAP farming number of plants, organic manure and labor force were significantly influenced toward dragon fruit's production. While cropland acreage and fungicide had no a significant effect. In the other side, dragon fruit's production in Non-GAP farming was significantly influenced by number of plants, organic manure, and labor force. While cropland acreage, plant lifetime, anorganic manure, fungicide, and growth hormone substances had no a significant effect. (3) The independent sample t-test analysis showed the significant value (sig. 2-tailed) had 0,000 < α (0,05), it means that there were significant differences in cost efficiency between GAP and Non-GAP.


The breakage degree of the disaster is not only decided by the earthquake energy,but also affected by other disasters,such as karst collapse,mining ground collapse,etc.and thus artificial neural nctwork mocl is adopted to evaluate disaster risk.Using of GIS software,each residential community building density and plot ratio is compu- ted,combining with evaluation result of disaster risk,evaluation target of land exploitative intensity in disaster pre- vention aspect is determined.By using further development of MapInfo and MapBasic,step and progress was expatia- ted.As a result,some suggestions for city planning distribution and land using direction of Tangshan are given.


Conley A. Childcare: welfare or investment?

Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 173–181 © 2009 The Author, Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.

Childcare (also called day care or preschool) has generally served three purposes: to care for children while parents are employed; to provide early childhood education; and to cater to the needs of poor and disadvantaged children. This article proposes that the welfare approach to childcare be augmented by a social investment approach to enhance human and social capital investments among low income families and communities and to contribute to wider social development goals. The Head Start program in the United States and the Integrated Child Development Scheme in India are used to illustrate this argument.


Multistandard transceivers usually have high order low pass filters in their receiver chains. Different filter topologies may have various component variation tolerances and different output noise. In this work, three 6th order filter with different topologies are analyzed for use in multistandard transceivers. Filters are designed in 0.18 µm and 65 nm CMOS technologies and simu-lated using Cadence software. The results show, that the filter frequency response variation in integrated circuits does not de-pend on the filter topology. Simulation results also show that the Leapfrog filter topology has the smallest integrated output noise in the filter bandwidth and is most suited for low noise applica-tions.


Complexity and dynamicity of the social networks are categorized as NP-hard problems to solve and analyze. These variables on social networks such as actions and interrelationships between the network's users, different behaviors, users' feedbacks and the networks' dynamics make the analysis intractable. Systems thinking and modeling methods orient the relationships between all parts in online social networks for the first time. Complexity theories, system dynamics, and game theoretic approaches implemented by system thinkers help investigate the system's parties' relationships. These methods also present a useful tool to interpret the social networks' complex interactions, dynamic activities in online networks and communities between users and their online dynamic interactions. In this paper, systems thinking concepts and organizational cybernetics are employed to analyze the anti-lock down demonstration against COVID-19 at Michigan state. We also present a systematic analysis to control, analyze, and comprehend the users' actions, tweets, retweets, and feedback in a complex and dynamic environment between two campaigns.


The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) is referred as one Paraguay-tea (Ilex paraguariensis) pest, an important culture in the south of Brazil, and not existing studies about its control in the Paraguay-tea culture, the present work aimed to characterize the damages and to evaluate control tactics of this pest of Paraguay-tea seedlings, in green house. In the experiment 1, the Paraguay-tea seedlings were divided in two groups of 50 seedlings, divided in 5 repetitions. In one of the groups the seedlings were artificially infested with mites grown in laboratory. Weekly, during 3 months, the plants were appraised, the alterations possibly related to the mites presence were observed. In the second experiment, an identical group of seedlings was infested by the broad mite and 15 days after the following treatments were applied: a) mitecide based on cyhexathin, b) Hirsutella thompsonii fungus isolated CG 541 (1×106 conidios/mL), c) distilled water and d) without infestation, considered control treatment. The evaluations accomplished were before and at the end of the experiment, consisting in counting the mites in 10 leaves/repetition, determination of the height and number of leaves/plantings and dry weight of all the plants (end). The mites concentrated on the abaxial surface of the apical and younger leaves, which presented the screw borders, abnormal ribs development, rough surface and tan. Early leaves fall was also observed. There was no difference in the size of the plants and leaves number, but a 30% biomass reduction in the fungus treatment plants and in those without treatment has happened. The broad mite caused damages to the seedlings in nurseries and the mitecide control reduced the population of the same and the damages.


Objectives  The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of prescription compounding by community pharmacists, identify factors that influence pharmacists' decisions to provide compounding services, and evaluate physicians' perspectives on prescribing medications that require compounding.


Objective:The validity of atrial programmed pacing therapy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was observed.Methods:9 patients who had received the DDDR cardiac pacemaker Selection 900E(AF2.0) were enrolled in this study by cross-over designs.The follow-up AF episodes during one month after Pacemaker implantation were vacancy controlled.Different anti-AF preventive pacing algorithms were selected according to the data analysis since 2nd month post implantation.Furthermore,paroxysmal AF events、AF episode total、AF sustained time and AF burden were recorded.Results:AF episode total、 AF sustained time and AF burden during the 2nd and 3rd month were reduced significantly respectively by anti-AF therapy(10.21±6.37 vs 7.53±4.83,114.52±97.65 vs 86.56±52.17,5.77±3.62 vs 4.13±2.35,24.36%±15.23% vs 18.21%±11.57%,P0.05).Conclusion:Atrial programmed pacing therapy illustrated the efficacy of reducing paroxysmal AF events and AF burden,maybe become an important assistant method in paroxysmal AF therapy.


Nowadays, more and more researchers have focused on the performance of cloud data centers. Successful development of cloud data center paradigm necessitates the best QoS for the end users and the Mean Response Time (MRT) of the data requests is one of the most important performance indicators that shall be emphasized on. A cloud data center consists clusters of Rawdata Servers (RDS) that can provide raw data retrieval service. For a single data stored in the data center, there may be several RDS with the target raw data replicas. Hence, when a data request arriving, it has many potential data request paths and the system shall determine the best one for it. In this paper, we aim at answering an interesting question: "Do More Replicas of Object Data Improve the Performance of Cloud Data Centers?", in order to achieve the minimum MRT of all the requests. The target optimal constrained function has been formulated and two novel load balancing algorithms based on virtual routing method has been proposed, which can achieve near-optimal solutions by theoretical proof. We also found distributing the requests for the same objects among several RDS for load balancing purpose, which is widely used in most data centers, would worsen the system performance. We validate our findings via rigorous simulations with respect to several influencing factors and prove that our proposed strategy is scalable, flexible and efficient for the real-life applications.


The first measurement that relates semileptonic and hadronic decay rates of the B+c meson is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to 1.0  fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected with the LHCb detector. The measured value of the ratio of branching fractions, B(B+c→J/ψπ+)/B(B+c→J/ψμ+νμ)=0.0469±0.0028(stat)±0.0046(syst), is at the lower end of available theoretical predictions.


It appears that not all the Jawf was originally'Madhabian'and its territory included at least one Sabaean enclave at the very beginning of the Sayhadian civilisation. The site of Abu Thawr (MNHYTm) may well have been the centre of the other such enclave. MNHYTm situated in the centre of the earliest Sabaean settlements might have even performed the functions of'the second Sabaean capital'in the second half of the eighth century BC.


Background Specifi c strength training can reduce neck and shoulder pain in offi ce workers, but the optimal combination of exercise frequency and duration remains unknown. This study investigates how one weekly hour of strength training for the neck and shoulder muscles is most effectively distributed. Methods A total of 447 offi ce workers with and without neck and/or shoulder pain were randomly allocated at the cluster-level to one of four groups; 1×60 (1WS), 3×20 (3WS) or 9×7 (9WS) min a week of supervised high-intensity strength training for 20 weeks, or to a reference group without training (REF). Primary outcome was self-reported neck and shoulder pain (scale 0–9) and secondary outcome work disability (Disability in Arms, Shoulders and Hands (DASH)). Results The intention-to-treat analysis showed reduced neck and right shoulder pain in the training groups after 20 weeks compared with REF. Among those with pain ≥3 at baseline (n=256), all three training groups achieved signifi cant reduction in neck pain compared with REF (p<0.01). From a baseline pain rating of 3.2 (SD 2.3) in the neck among neck cases, 1WS experienced a reduction of 1.14 (95% CI 0.17 to 2.10), 3WS 1.88 (0.90 to 2.87) and 9WS 1.35 (0.24 to 2.46) which is considered clinically signifi cant. DASH was reduced in 1WS and 3WS only. Conclusion One hour of specifi c strength training effectively reduced neck and shoulder pain in offi ce workers. Although the three contrasting training groups showed no statistical differences in neck pain reduction, only 1WS and 3WS reduced DASH. This study suggests some fl exibility regarding time-wise distribution when implementing specifi c strength training at the workplace. INTRODUCTION Physical exercise reduces the morbidity and disability from many diseases and disorders.1 Neck pain is frequent in the working-age population and increases the risk for long-term sickness absence.2 One mode of physical exercise that has shown great promise in this regard is specifi c strength training.3 A Finnish study showed a ~70% reduction of neck pain in response to a 1-year strength-training regime,4 and women with trapezius myalgia achieved a ~80% reduction in neck pain after 10 weeks of intensive muscle-specifi c strength training consisting of dumbbell exercises performed 3×20 min a week.5 As little as 2 min of daily strength training have also provided modest benefi ts in adult offi ce workers with frequent neck/shoulder pain.2 Altogether, many studies have shown good effi cacy on neck pain from strength training.2 4–7 Although different strength-training protocols appears to work, the optimal frequency and duration of strength training for effective management of neck pain remain unknown. Furthermore, for physical exercise to be feasible in a workplace setting, the exercise should be easy to implement in the daily routines as this has a marked effect on training adherence.8 9 At some companies, a few long training sessions each week may be most suitable, whereas at other companies, several short bouts of exercise may be more feasible. Physiologically, longer and more fatiguing sessions may lead to a higher tissue turnover and thus muscle hypertrophy than shorter sessions. By contrast, shorter and less fatiguing sessions may lead to higher average training intensities and thus neural adaptations resulting in increased strength gains. The general strength-training literature may provide further insight to the effects of different training programmes for neck pain. A metaanalysis – based on 177 resistance training studies – showed that three training days per week is optimal for effi cient strength gains in untrained healthy adults without musculoskeletal disorders.10 In a workplace setting, adherence to exercise programmes is challenging,11 thus balancing the optimal physiological recommendations with practical solutions is necessary. In weight loss programmes, adherence is higher in multiple short sessions of exercise as opposed to fewer and longer sessions.12 Similarly, integration of short bouts of physical activity into organisational routine may be more feasible in a workplace setting than long exhausting training sessions.13 The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of three different time-wise combinations of strength-training programmes, all with a total of 1 h per week on non-specifi c neck and shoulder pain among offi ce workers.


One of the most common approaches to unsupervised change detection (CD) in multispectral images is change vector analysis (CVA). CVA computes the multispectral difference image and exploits its statistical distribution in (hyper-) spherical coordinates by means of two steps: 1) magnitude and 2) direction thresholding. The two steps require assumptions on: 1) the model of class distributions and 2) the number of changes. However, both assumptions are seldom satisfied or difficult to formulate, especially when considering VHR images. Thus, we propose an approach to multiple CD in VHR optical images based on iterative clustering and adaptive thresholding in (hyper-) spherical coordinate. The proposed approach: 1) is distribution free; 2) is unsupervised; 3) automatically identifies the number of changes; and 4) is robust to noise. Results obtained on two multitemporal single-sensor and multisensor data sets, including images from WorldView-2 and QuickBird, corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of soy protein-based vegetable low-protein diet (LVPD) and animal protein-based low-protein diet (LAPD) to delay the renal dysfunction of CKD 3~4 patients.Methods:42 cases,stage CKD 3~4 (eGFR 15~59 ml/min),were divided into two groups,LVPD (n=22) and the LAPD (n=20),their demographic,disease and treatment status,protein and calorie intake were comparable.But LAPD group consumed a diet containing at least 50% animal proteins,LVPD group consumed diet containing 70% vegetable proteins and 30% animal proteins,and soy protein is more than 50% ratio of the vegetable protein.The study lasted 12 months.Collected data of u-pro,eGFR,Scr,BUN,TH,TG,LDL,HDL,Alb,PA,TF,Ca2+,P3-and anthropometry.Results:All patients can improve eGFR,reduce u-pro,which LVPD group have a significant different before and after the study (P0.05~P0.01),LAPD group was no significant difference (P0.05),and no significant difference between the two groups (P0.05);LVPD group serum PA,TF,HDL,Ca2+ increased,and LDL,P3-decreased after the study (P0.05~P0.01),furthermore LVPD group's HDL,Ca2+,P3-have significant difference,compared with the LAPD group(P0.01);The serum Alb,TC,TG and anthropometry were stable.Conclusion:There are certain reduction with urinary protein and delay of renal dysfunction in patients with LVPD and the LAPD on CKD 3~4,but LVPD in regulation of lipid,calcium and phosphorus metabolism have more advantages.


OBJECTIVES To assess the results of growth hormone on the growth of girls with Turner Syndrome and identify relevant parameters to improve outcomes. METHODS Growth velocity and final height were studied in a historical cohort of 41 girls, regularly followed up for hormone distribution at three referral centers. The influence of oxandrolone and of estrogens on the final height was analyzed. The girls (initial chronological age=8.9±3.4years; initial bone age=7.0±3.1years) used 0.19 mg/kg/week of growth hormone for 4.0 ± 2.0 years. RESULTS In the first year, growth velocity increased by 71.5% in 41 girls and 103.4% in those who reached final height (11 girls). The whole group had a gain in the height SDS of 0.8 ± 0.7 (p<0.01) and for those who reached a final height of 1.0 ± 0.8 (p<0.01). Final height (143.6 ±6.3 cm) was 3.9 ± 5.3 cm higher than the predicted height, and the height gain occurred before estrogen therapy. Oxandrolone had no significant influence on height gain. The significant variables contributing to the final height were the duration of growth hormone used and its use prior to starting estrogens, the initial height SDS, and the growth velocity during the first year of treatment. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the use of growth hormone significantly increased the final height, which remained lower than the target. Results point to a need for starting growth hormone use as early as possible and to maximize treatment before estrogen replacement. It has been observed that even moderate doses of growth hormone may significantly increase early growth velocity.


Intercropping improves the usage rate of a land while also maintaining soil fertility. This study is to examine the preliminary intercropping effect of leguminous trees species (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam), Gliricidia sepium (Jacq), and Senna siamae (Lam) on soil nutrient status, growth and yield of arable crops (Zea mays L) in two cropping seasons (2017 and 2018) using a field trial at Ukan Edemaya, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Treatments were randomized within the blocks and reproduced four (4) times on a 0.04 hectare plot of land that was cleared, demarcated into four blocks, and manually tilled. The study was a two-factor factorial using a Randomized Complete Block Design layout (RCBC). The data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and treatment means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD < 0.05). The findings revealed that all arable crop growth and production were not significant in weeks 1-6 (WAP), but significant from weeks 7 to 14 (WAP). Arable crops planted in leucaena alleys outperformed those planted in Gliricidia and senna alleys and outperformed those planted in plots without leguminous plants. Leguminous tree species were shown to boost the growth and yield of arable crops, as well as rehabilitate a damaged fertility soil quality, according to the study. Farmers are urged to intercrop their arable crops with leguminous tree species in order to increase yield and provide fuel wood. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i3.9 Open Access Article: (https://pkp.sfu.ca/ojs/) This an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCL), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Impact factor: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=21082 Google Analytics: https://www.ajol.info/stats/bdf07303d34706088ffffbc8a92c9c1491b12470 Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Eka et al. Dates: Received: 10 January 2022; Revised: 22 February 2022; Accepted: 15 March 2022


The need for fixed, uniform, standards of Weights and Measures was early acknowledged in this country. Phoenicians, Saxons, Scandinavians and Romans had each brought some system of measurement, but inevitably variations throughout different parts of the land were rife. In the reign of King Edgar, some 100 years before the Norman Conquest, a law required a set of weights and measures to be kept at Winchester, and William I, acknowledging these standards, tried to preserve them by a decree stating that they should be used in all parts of the country This did little more than accentuate the irregularities.


This paper reports the first study of the variation of the chemical composition and abundance of the essential oil of Croton heliotropiifolius, in four seasons, and the evaluation of its antibacterial activity. Essential oil obtained from leaves of C. heliotropiifolius were analyzed by GC/MS and evaluated against eight bacteria strains by broth microdilution method. The chemical constituents identified were the same in all samples, but with different proportions. The total percentages identified were 96.58% in summer, -Caryophyllene ntibacterial activity ssential oil easonal variation 92.08% in autumn, 98.44% in winter and 90.78% in spring. The majors constituents are -caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, germacrene-D, limonene and 1,8-cineole. -Caryophyllene was the major compound in all samples. The results of the antibacterial evaluations showed weak to moderate activity against the analyzed strains. In all analyzes was observed that essential oil sample collected in summer stands out from the others, displaying stronger activity against Gram-positive as Gram-negative bacteria. © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open he CC access article under t


A flexible quasi-solid-state Ni-Zn battery is developed by using tiny ZnO nanoparticles and porous ultrathin NiO nanoflakes conformally deposited on hierar chical carbon-cloth-carbon-fiber (CC-CF) as the anode (CC-CF@ZnO) and cathode (CC-CF@NiO), respectively. The device is able to deliver high performance (absence of Zn dendrite), superior to previous reports on aqueous Ni-Zn batteries and other flexible electrochemical energy-storage devices.


Background & Objectives: Intraoperative blood loss during scoliosis surgery often leads to blood transfusion1. Predictors of intraoperative blood loss and postoperative effects of intraoperative blood transfusion are extensively investigated2. Most of those studies do not assess postoperative transfusions. Our aim was to investigate the influence of intraoperative allogenic blood transfusion (ALBT) on postoperative blood transfusion rate and early postoperative outcomes.


Present study describes wound healing activities of Ficus racemosa (Linn.) leaves extract on excision wound model of wistar albino rats. During the study, fresh plant materials after shade drying was used for the isolation of extract using soxhlet apparatus and percentage yield was obtained (3.50% in ethanol). Then, preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract was done and certain secondary metabolites viz. alkaloids, glycosides, tannin and flavonoid were confirmed in the Ficus racemosa extract. Then, thin layer and column chromatography of the extract was done and Rf value 0.12 and 0.84 were calculated and obtained fractions (FR-1 to FR-5) were tested on Wistar albino rats for wound healing activities. In the results of the present study, complete wound healing activity was found to be maximum 84.36% on day 17 when treated with mupirocin 5% ointment. Similarly, complete wound healing activity was found 81.30% on day 18 th , by applying ethanolic extract of Ficus racemosa as compared to the control group i.e. 62.22% on day 24 th . INTRODUCTION: Naturally, wound healing starts from the moment of injury and can continue for varying periods of time depending on the extent of wounding and the process can be broadly categorized into three stages viz. inflammatory phase, proliferative phase and finally the remodeling phase which ultimately determines the strength and appearance of the healed tissue. 1 The inflammatory phase prepares the area for healing and immobilizes the wound by causing it to swell and become painful, so that movement becomes restricted. QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(6).2631-35 Article can be accessed online on: www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(6).2631-35 The fibroblastic phase rebuilds the structure and then the remodeling phase provides the final form. 2 Plants are more potent healers because they promote the repair mechanism in the natural way. 2 Medicinal plants have been shown to possess wound healing activities in animal studies. 3, 4 Sharma et al. 5 have reviewed about Wound healing potential of plants, which are helpful for researcher to develop new Wound healing formulation for human use. Sanjay et al. 6 have also evaluated wound healing potential of poly herbal formulation. Therefore, in the present study, wound healing activities of Ficus racemosa leaves extract were tested on Wistar albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, plant Ficus racemosa was identified and authenticated by Taxonomist Dr. P. G. Diwakar, Joint Director, Botanical Survey of India, Pune and was procured in the Herbarium


The current research work was done in Machala city, in the El Oro province, within the Objectives based upon the physycal-chemical analysis of water quality in the Macho canal, where points of sampling were established during its lifetime alongside the canal respective codes, in the beginning receiving water sampling from banana spots.


Transovarial dengue virus detection by RT-PCR in Ae.albopictus larvae that inhabit Phytotelmata has been conducted in several dengue endemic areas in West Sumatra. The purpose of this study was to determine whether larval Ae. albopictus inhabiting Phytotelmata is a potential transmitter of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The results concluded that Ae.albopictus larvae which inhabited Phytotelmata positively contained two serotypes of dengue virus (DEN-1) and (DEN-4) which has the potential to transmit and spread DHF.


The present invention is mounted to a stage pump means and storage barrels, and the pump means so that the barrel and through a gas control valve arranged parallel connected gas. Control valve is coupled with a shaft, the shaft has an external urging portion, and is provided with a first cam two areas, the control valve is provided with another cam opposite to the main bore, the tub communicating gas steam valve, for cheer means to the gas inlet, the gas outlet channels outside. Main bore with a sliding slide, a cam slider against the projectile, and additionally has a flap elastic suspension. Urging the driving cam portion can be positioned in the first and second angle, which is the first angle, so that the role of the slide to the first position of the first region is turned on inlet, outlet channels, the shutter is closed and valve, to cope with encouragement outlet means for gas supply channel mode; when the cam is positioned at a second angle, a second zone to a second position acting slider, the slider is closed airway, as the shutter is opened and valve, the gate is turned on so that the vapor inlet pump means in response to supply mode storage barrels pair.


The paper analyses the connection between the human-land relationship and the new rural region.Then the paper takes the national poor country——Luquan County as an example,and dividing Luquan County into different human-land relationship systems,and analyzing their human-land feature.Finally,the paper studies the different construction models of the new socialism rural region.


Rheumatoid factors IgM, IgG and IgA were measured in a group of highly active RA-patients before and after short time treatment with steroids. After 6 months treatment with DMARD measurements were carried out again, and RF-titres correlated to disease activity.


Object To compare the effects of Ecdysterone and Nimodipine on SAH in rabbits,so as to provide their clinical application in the treatment of SAH.Methods Twenty rabbits were divided into 4 groups,the control group,SAH group,Nimodipine group and Ecdysterone group.Changes of food intake,neurological deficit and degree of vasospasm of basilar artery were observed after SAH.Results Food intake decreased and neurological deficit were seen in SAH group,while which were attenuated in the other 3 groups.The angiographic study showed that the rabbits developed visible vasospasm after SAH as compared with baseline,the ratio of vasospasm of basilar artery in SAH,Nimodipine and Ecdysterone group were(23.20±0.06)%,(20.06±0.03)%,(14.42±0.03)% respectively.Conclusion To some extent,Ecdysterone could alleviate neurological changes,attenuate vasospasm.Its effect of attenuating vasospasm is better than that of Nimodipine.


Background: Domestic violence, which may be psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional, is a major public health problem due to the long-term health consequences for women who have experienced it and for their children who witness it. In populations of women attending general practice, the prevalence of physical or sexual abuse in the past year from a partner or ex-partner ranges from 6 to 23%, and lifetime prevalence from 21 to 55%. Domestic violence is particularly important in general practice because women have many contacts with primary care clinicians and because women experiencing abuse identify doctors and nurses as professionals from whom they would like to get support. Yet health professionals rarely ask about domestic violence and have little or no training in how to respond to disclosure of abuse. Methods/Design: This protocol describes IRIS, a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial with the general practice as unit of randomisation. Our trial tests the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a training and support programme targeted at general practice teams. The primary outcome is referral of women to specialist domestic violence agencies. Forty-eight practices in two UK cities (Bristol and London) are randomly allocated, using minimisation, into intervention and control groups. The intervention, based on an adult learning model in an educational outreach framework, has been designed to address barriers to asking women about domestic violence and to encourage appropriate responses to disclosure and referral to specialist domestic violence agencies. Multidisciplinary training sessions are held with clinicians and administrative staff in each of the intervention practices, with periodic feedback of identification and referral data to practice teams. Intervention practices have a prompt to ask about abuse integrated in the electronic medical record system. Other components of the intervention include an IRIS champion in each practice and a direct referral pathway to a named domestic violence advocate. Discussion: This is the first European randomised controlled trial of an intervention to improve the health care response to domestic violence. The findings will have the potential to inform training and service provision. Trial registration: ISRCTN74012786 * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com Academic Unit of Primary Health Care, University of Bristol, 25-27 Belgrave Road, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2AA, UK Gregory et al. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:54 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/10/54 © 2010 Gregory et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


IN this article, Peter Dobromylskyj asserts that an electrolyte analyser is undoubtedly a tool and not a toy. He provides examples of a range of clinical situations in which electrolyte measurement allows the vet to make informed decisions about therapy. In many cases, these decisions must be made urgently and may markedly influence the outcome for the patient. Moreover, there are a number of less urgent conditions in which the use of an analyser is helpful - allowing the equipment to earn its keep between critical patients.


In a hybrid satellite/terrestrial scenario, the paper analyzes the advantages of using a cooperative scheme combined with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technologies at each cognitive radio (CR) node for spectrum sensing. In the proposed scenario, the satellite and the terrestrial components use the same band (primary users) and a group of secondary users (sensors or mobile users) want to dynamically share the spectrum without harmful interference on primary user (PU). The satellite can also report measures provided by the group of secondary users to a remote center in an area where the mobile coverage it is difficult to extend or for emergency situations. The joint use of multiple antennas at each CR node and cooperative cognitive radio scheme is analyzed to improve the performance of the conventional energy detector (ED) and to increase the reliability in PU detection. A coordination center (CC) takes the final decision based on the detections carried out by all the CRS. Moreover, the CC can manage a strategy to allow equal and fare share of the radio resources to the group of CR nodes. The use of improved energy detector based on the average power of received samples is also analyzed. Simulation results show that the use of cooperation and MIMO technologies improves the detection even at low value of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and a trade off-it is necessary among the number of multiple antennas, the number of samples and the spectrum usage efficiency and the level of interference on the PU.


This paper details the development of a finite element (FE) pedestrian model, created to review the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee Working Group 10 (EEVC WG10) upper legform to bonnet leading edge test method. As such, the model has been designed to assess the impact of the legs and pelvis with pedestrian-friendly vehicles. The model has been validated against two independent sources of experimental data, assessing the ability of the model to predict body segment impact forces, displacements, and accelerations. It was concluded that the model's predictions broadly matched the experimental data, confirming the application of the model for reviewing the EEVC WG10 upper legform test energies. For the covering abstract see ITRD E107709.


After investigating the variety of algorithms based on tries structure and computational geometry, the software testing platform for their performance evaluation was implemented. The platform consists of network traffic simulation, algorithms and output parameters statistics. With the main performance curves, including time complexity curves and space complexity curves presented in the paper, the behaviors of algorithms can be recognized deeply. This is necessary as a good starting point to do further research on the new algorithms for packet classification and it is also possible to satisfy the most current application requirements by the combination of the present algorithms.


Eugenio Paoloni Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli studi di Pisa e Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Pisa via Buonarroti 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy (for the BABAR collaboration) Recent BABAR results on rare B decays involving flavour-changing neutral currents or purely leptonic final states are presented. New measurements of the CP asymmetries in B → K∗γ, B → K∗ 2 (1430)γ, and b → sγ are reported, as well as a new measurement of the B → K ∗γ branching fraction. Also reported are updated limits on B → μν and recent measurements of B → Kll and b → sll. The data sample comprises 123 · 10 Υ (4S) → BB decays collected with the BABAR dete tor at the PEP-II ee storage ring.


The traditional way of broadcasting language expression cannot meet the needs of the time, so it needs reform and innovation. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of new media, this paper analyzes the artistic performance and artistic characteristics of the broadcasting and host language in the new media era, and puts forward to improve the artistic strategies. Among them, artistic expression analysis includes: colloquial, personalized, fashionable and living; the analysis of artistic characteristics includes: vocal, epochal, authentic, aesthetic and creative; the strategies to improve artistic include: highlight the characteristics of broadcasting and hosting under the premise of ensuring the standard language, integrate certain emotional colors into the broadcasting language, reflect the diversification of the broadcasting host language, and improve the professional quality of the broadcasting and hosting.


The woodwind quintet is one of the most important forms of chamber music, which occupies a prominent position in today's music performance and teaching activities and attracts more and more attention. In this article, the author explicates the origin of woodwind quintet, the influence of the 18th century's musical phenomena on woodwind quintet, and the reason for gaps in the documents of romantic woodwind quintet. In addition, this article offers a major outline and a focal introduction to the development of the 20th century's woodwind quintet, so that the readers may be aware of the woodwind quintet more deeply and be encouraged to do further research into it.


The personal income tax is a topical theme because this tax has a very significant impact on the state budget in any country. There are two types of tax rates in the world that are expressed in percentage terms in relation to the value of taxable material (in the case of income tax, profit, etc.), others in the monetary unit on the value of the taxable material (in the case of excise duties). For their part, the percentage taxation rates may be progressive and proportionate. We have shown in the article that developed countries of the world practice in the case of individuals the progressive tax, and former communist countries, among them Romania, the proportionate one by the single tax rate. Our goal is to show that proportional tax, in addition to failing to comply with the principle of fiscal equity, cannot bring significant amounts to the state budget. We have come to the conclusion that in Romania, in 2018, the single tax rate for individuals of 10% will not be able to bring sufficient budget revenues to GDP; for example in 2017, the personal income tax on in Germany accounted for 8.9% of GDP, while in Romania only 3.5% of GDP. The solution that we see in the near future is the shift from single tax to progressive and global taxation for individuals.


The guiding principles for the prevention of Infective Endocarditis (IE) following dental procedures have been a debatable topic for a long time now. Evidently this has led to numerous amounts of research and consequently dental practitioners from across the world follow different prophylactic treatment regimens. At present, there are a few regimens that various health authorities have endorsed in their respective countries. There is a lack of substantial data in order to determine which regimen is better over the other, and unfortunately, that places the practitioner in a difficult situation to decide the best for his patient.


Technology sets limits on what can be achieved in research. The advent of genetic engineering accompanied by the development of monoclonal antibody technology in the 1970s heralded the birth of modern 'molecular biology'. This revolutionised the way we approach research in the biological sciences by allowing access to cellular structures and processes that were in the realm of science fiction a decade earlier. The invention of the PCR in the 1980s built on this, making cloning easier and a great deal more rapid; with PCR we no longer required a host and vector to amplify DNA and isolate targeted DNA sequences.


In finite-state machine (FSM) based testing, it is highly desirable to minimize the test sequence length while achieving a certain level of fault coverage. This article, assuming the presence of a unique input/output (UIO) sequence for each state, proposes a novel mathematical model to construct a minimum-length test sequence that makes use of overlapping. It also describes algorithms for generating such test sequences, especially, efficient algorithms for FSM with special features. Examples are provided to illustrate the model and results


BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the major health problems and eating disorders around the world that has adverse consequences such as behavior change, increasing urbanization, reducing physical inactivity, and inappropriate lifestyle. The present study aimed to determine preventive behavioral obesity in women of Sanandaj County, Iran, in 2015-2016. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The population included the women aged 18 to 64 years old in Sanandaj, Iran, of them 500 persons were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The method of the study was interviewing with the participants. The data were collected using a questionnaire including 13 questions regarding obesity-preventive eating behaviors . Scoring questionnaire was based on 1 and 0. Questions that were consistent with obesity-related nutritional behavior got a positive score (1) and questions that were against with obesity-related nutritional behavior did not receive any score (0). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS: The average score of obesity-preventive eating behaviors was 58.68 ± 17.38. Less than 39% of the subjects had good obesity-preventative food behaviors and more than 53% had moderate obesity-preventative food behaviors. There were statistically significant differences between obesity-preventative food behaviors and economic status (P = 0.040), age group (P = 0.001), and marital status (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The findings of the study indicated that the most of the subjects did not have a good and healthy diet; therefore, it is necessary to hold training classes in order to change their behaviors in this regard.


The field of Grid computing has in recent years emerged and been established as an enabling technology for a range of computational eScience applications. The use of Grid technology allows research ...


This Programmatic Agreement (PA) addresses the built environment (i.e., buildings and structures) constructed during the Manhattan Project and Cold War Era periods of Hanford`s operational history. As such it encompasses the years 1943 through 1990. The identification, evaluation, and treatment of buildings and historic archeological remains on the Hanford Site predating 1943 will be accomplished through Sections 800.4 through 800.6 of the Council`s regulations. This PA will be in effect from the date of signature until September 30, 2000. Completion of the Sitewide Treatment Plan established under this PA satisfies all Section 106 requirements for identification, evaluation, and treatment necessary for all undertakings, up to and including demolition which may affect Manhattan Project and Cold War Era properties. This PA may be extended if the Sitewide Treatment Plan has not been completed by the end of FY 2000. Identification, evaluation, and treatment of properties constructed on the Hanford Site after 1990 will be handled pursuant to the regulations in effect at the time such properties are eligible for review.


In this research we report design and fabrication of all dielectric thin film laser mirror at wavelengths 1064 and 532 nm for pulse lasers and for incident angle of 90 degree. This 30 layers mirror was deposited on BK7 substrate with base pressure in order 10 mbar by using Electron gun and crystal monitoring. This stack was designed to reduce electric field at first interface and therefore to increase laser induced damage threshold. By suitable refinement finally we found that transmission was reduced to less than %0.3 at wavelengths 1064 and 532 nm.


The uniaxial stress dependence of several extremal cross-sections of the Fermi surface of lead has been determined using the results of simultaneous measurements of the amplitude of the oscillatory magnetostriction and the Haas-van Alphen torque. The stress derivatives of areas of extremal orbits are compared with the theoretical predictions of an 8-OPW (orthogonalized-planewave) pseudopotential calculation. In the model used, the slopes av/aq of the form-factor at the reciprocal lattice vectors of interest are treated as fitting parameters. The fitted values explain both our uniaxial stress data and the hydrostatic pressure data of Anderson et al. /l/. Lead is the simple metal whose Fermi surface has been the most intensively studied, and the question of the interp,retationof the experimental data is still open. On the one hand Anderson et al. / l / have to assume a non-local dependent pseudopotential in their 4-OPW calculation to reproduce their results. On the other hand Van Dyke 121 uses a local pseudopotential but has to go up to 90-OPW's to achieve convergence. In order to settle the question we made an experimental and theoretical investigation of lead. Our conclusion is that the full stress dependence of the Fermi surface of lead can be explained without having to introduce these, partly unphysical, refinements. The uniaxial stress dependence of various Fermi surface cross sections was determined by combining the amplitude of the oscillatory magnetostriction E = AE/k and the Haas-van Alphen torque T 131. The stress dependence for an extremal orbit of area A is given by the relation (I/A)dA/da = -(e/~)(l/A)dA/d$, where the stress a is parallel to a crystallographic axis, and is the angle between the stress a and the directionof the magnetic field. The sign of the stress dependence is determined by the relative phase between the two oscillatory quantities BE/& and T. Both effects were simultaneously measured with a dilatorquemeter 141. The measurements were done at 1.3 K in magnetic fields up to 10.5 Tesla. Our results on the uniaxial stress dependence are summarized in Table I. Table I1 shows that the hydrostatic pressure dependence calculated from the uniaxial stress dependences are in good agreement with the direct measurements /l/.


Udder health is important as it affects milk quality. This is reflected in somatic cell count and total bacterial count (TBC). One way to judge farm management, including udder health management, is the use of milk quality systems based on farm audits with checklists. Audits aim to ascertain and improve product quality. But the effect of audits on product quality is hard to demonstrate empirically as data are not easily available. In this study data on dairy farm audits and data about laboratory results of bulk milk deliveries of individual farms are studied to trace a putative relation between audits and product quality. The objective is to study whether the TBC of dairy bulk milk are reduced in the period around a farm audit and/or afterwards. The data set contained information about 13,006 audits performed on 12,855 farms as well as TBC counts of bi-monthly tested bulk milk of these farms. A record included: logTBC value, variables indicating the timing of the TBC test relative to the audit date, unique audit number, auditor, type of audit, outcome of the audit, audit checklist items, number of attention points and audit date. A random linear regression model was used to quantify the possible relation between LogTBC and the time before, during and after the dairy farm audits and other audit variables. A significant reduction in LogTBC levels were found around the date of the audit and in the period from 1.5 to at least 6 months after the audit. Additionally, LogTBC levels were found to depend on: season, total number of attention points given during an audit, audit type (standard, repeated or first audit), audit outcome (approved, rejected or temporary blocked), year of the audit (2006, 2007 or 2008), checklist items related to the maintenance of the milking equipment and/or utility room and tank and some interactions. Based on this study we can conclude that there is an improved milk quality (i.e. temporary decrease in logTBC) due to the audit.


Syringomyelia must be taken into consideration if neurological
worsening occurs after spinal cord injury . POathophysiological
analysis helps to make the choice of adequate treatment
modality


In this article, we analyse changes, and the debates about changes, in the relationship between Norwegian political parties and their members. We ask whether parties develop from mass parties towards a 'network model', and whether such changes represent organizational convergence. The organizational diagnoses of the parties and their prescribed cures are similar. Thematic network structures, increased inclusiveness and membership ballots are debated within the parties, but actual change has been modest. While the Internet has brought about substantial change in the internal communication of parties, there is remarkable stability in Norwegian party organizations. Many of the structures and practices of the mass party remain, but network structures have emerged as an alternative ideal.


How should prime ministerial and party leadership be understood and assessed? One leading approach posits that we should assess them in terms of whether they achieve statecraft, that is, winning and maintain office in government. This article supplements and then assesses that theory by drawing from Pawson and Tilley's concept of the realistic interview, in which practitioners are deployed as co-researchers to assess and revise theory. Unprecedented interviews with British party leaders were therefore undertaken. The article provides new empirical support for the framework because many of the key generative mechanisms identified within the neo-statecraft model were present in an analysis of the interviews. The interviews also allowed the limitations of the model to be demarcated. Statecraft focuses purely on cunning leadership where the aim is to maximise power and influence. This approach differs from leadership by conscience where the aim is to achieve normative goals.


For the prediction of mechanical properties of hot strip from production conditions by metallurgically oriented computer assisted simulation it is necessary to model all the numerous metallurgical processes leading to the microstructure of the finished product. The relevant microstructural parameters, calculated in this way, finally are converted into mechanical properties by application of suitable algorithms. At ThyssenKrupp Stahl such a metallurgically oriented simulation system has been developed and established under the name TK-StripCam. It is based on empirical-physical models. It allows on the one hand to predict important mechanical properties with considerable precision from production parameters as rolling schedule, cooling conditions etc. On the other hand by means of the simulation system course and kinetics of each metallurgical process included may be studied. It is evident that in a steel plant such a powerful tool finds a great variety of applications extending from offline use as a tool for development of steels and processes to inline use in the rolling mill to control the mechanical properties during production. In this work details of the philosophy and structure of the simulation system and examples for its application are presented.


A performance of anti-spam filter not only depends on the number of features and types of classifier that are used, but it also depends on the other parameter settings. Deriving from previous experiments, we extended our work by investigating the effect of population sizes from our proposed method of feature selection on different learning classifier algorithms using Random Forest, Voting, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine and Stacking. The experiment was conducted on Ling-Spam email dataset. The results showed that the Decision Tree with the smallest size of population is able to give the best result compared to NB, SVM, RF, stacking and voting.


Aiming at the difficult development problems in Tuha deep heavy oil reservoirs by using conventional methods,the change laws of heavy oil viscosity were tested under stirring condition after injecting natural gas,nitrogen and carbon dioxide by using PVT instrument,and the experiment on crude oil viscosity change rules was also done by injecting natural gas and carbon dioxide in soluble heavy oil fluid under different miscibility pressure and different experimental temperature conditions.The visbreaking effects of heavy oil under static miscible natural gas and carbon dioxide were tested. On this basis,the sandpack tube huff and puff experiment improved heavy oil recovery ratio by injecting CO2. Research results showed that the visbreaking rates of nitrogen gas,natural gas and carbon dioxide in Ying 4well heavy oil were 56. 8%,98. 1% and 99. 7% respectively,the visbreaking rate of carbon dioxide was best. And the dissolved gas volume of carbon dioxide was higher than that of natural gas,carbon dioxide could effectively reduce the heavy oil viscosity,increase the f heavy oil flow property.


Busbar system presents a new installation to distribute electric power lower than 660V in tall buildings and factories.A loosely-coupled CSCW system is established over Internet/Intranet to realize 3D, remote, knowledge based layout of busbar system.


We seldom measure H from the center of earth. Therefore what we can easily measure is the change of the potential energy ∆W = (mg)(H −Ho) (8.2) The energy is always positive. It can e zero but it cannot be negative. The gravity force F = mg is directed towards the center of earth. Therefore there is a need for the negative sign in Eq. (8.2)). In the coordinate system of Fig. (8.1), the gravity force is negative (opposite to the sense of coordinate x). The force F is acting in the sense of x but the difference H −Ho is negative. Extending the concept of the potential energy to the beam, the force is F = q dx and the w = H −Ho is the beam deflection. W ≡ + ∫ l


Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Hence, effective pharmacological primary prevention strategies are of considerable interest.


In this paper, we first show that any nonlinear monotonic increasing contracting maps with one discontinuous point on a unit interval which has an unique periodic point with period $n$ conjugates to a piecewise linear contracting map which has periodic point with same period. Second, we consider one parameter family of monotonic increasing contracting maps, and show that the family has the periodic structure called Arnold tongue for the parameter which is associated with the Farey series. This implies that there exist a parameter set with a positive Lebesgue measure such that the map has a periodic point with an arbitrary period. Moreover, the parameter set with period $(m+n)$ exists between the parameter set with period $m$ and $n$.


Applications such as joinery coatings require excellent hot-block resistance and/or chemical resistance. Traditional polymerization techniques that utilize thermoplastic monomers are not sufficient so cross linking systems are required. In addition, for joinery and/or decorative applications one component systems are preferred. This means that the cross linking reaction must be blocked in the liquid phase. Recent progress in blocked one component cross linking systems will be discussed.


To explore the correlation in the GeV band (i.e. the inverse-Compton component) with the optical band (i.e. the synchrotron component) of blazars that are bright in high energies, the light curves of a number of blazars monitored with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST), were compared to the corresponding light curves recorded with the Automatic Telescope for Optical Monitoring (ATOM). The results are presented.


Two misconceptions have been plaguing the electronic design automation (EDA) industry for decades: i) EDA solutions scale to larger complexities at an insufficient rate to keep pace with improvements in silicon designs; and ii) since EDA applications target silicon chip developments, the growth of EDA as an industry is bounded by the growth of the semiconductor industry. With this paper we address these misconceptions and we argue that they can both be overcome. To this end, we overview a number of initial studies highlighting possible directions that EDA can pursue to (i) break off from its traditional ways of scaling solutions and applications to larger complexity, that is, by developing better heuristics for its complex algorithms. (ii) We also discuss alternative domains where EDA technology can be applied, beyond that of silicon design, so that the semiconductor industry is no longer the limit of EDA growth.


This paper proposes a new robust field-weakening approach for reluctance synchronous motors regulated by direct torque and flux control. Compared to the existing direct torque and flux control based field-weakening methods that cannot achieve maximized DC-link voltage utilization and are parameter dependent, the proposed approach contributes to improve the field-weakening performance of reluctance synchronous motor in two aspects. First, it extends the constant power speed range through autonomous stator flux reference adjustment, which maximizes the dc-link voltage utilization. Smooth transition between the maximum torque per ampere trajectory and field-weakening trajectory is also realized. Second, it enhances the parameter robustness of drives in very high-speed region by employing a torque reference adjustment scheme. This effectively avoids the instability of drives caused by machine parameter variations. The proposed approach is verified experimentally on a laboratory setup.


The invention discloses a Chinese medicinal composition for treating angina pectoris, and relates to the technical field of Chinese medicines. The Chinese medicinal composition is prepared from 10 to 40 weight parts of rosewood heart wood, 20 to 40 weight parts of sandalwood, 10 to 30 weight parts of the root of red-rooted salvia, 8 to 25 weight parts of angelica, 10 to 30 weight parts of szechuan lovage rhizome, 5 to 20 weight parts of ganoderma lucidum, 10 to 30 weight parts of leech and 5 to 24 weight parts of borneol. The Chinese medicinal composition has a special curative effect on the angina pectoris, and particularly has a remarkable curative effect on stable angina pectoris.


Much less consideration has been given to the performance of modern structural and architectural systems during fires and to the minimization of damage that threatens the integrity of structures during fires and the viability of structures after fires. In particular, building codes generally do not address the loads that are induced in structures and architectural components during fires. Consequently, major fires usually cause severe structural damage, even in areas remote to the fire area. Recent trends in structural design and code development are reducing the strength reserved for support of loads during fires. This paper discusses consequential loads that threaten the integrity of structural and architectural systems in major fires.


The invention relates to a method and device for reducing the internal pressure of a terephthalic acid make-up tank. The method is that terephthalic acid in a bin enters a make-up tank through a rotary valve, the solvent for preparing pulp is from the refined and recycled solvent and is mixed by a mixer; the upper part of the make-up tank is provided with a cooler, the process gas is firstly washed by the recycled solvent and then enters the cooler, when the process gas passes through the cooler, steam is cooled and flows back into the make-up tank, the residual terephthalic acid dust and other organic matters are washed by the recycled solvent at the outlet of the cooler while the tube array of the cooler is washed, then cleaning solution flows back into the make-up tank, and noncondensable gas is extracted by a jet injector. The method and device of the invention fully satisfy technological requirements, avoid the waste of terephthalic acid dust and the influence on the environment and basically realize zero discharge.


The security of the individual is the totality and the product of connections and relations between them in which their material and spiritual conditions of life do not generate the need for protection. Protection itself is the result of internal needs and interests of individuals, in such a device and methods of interaction, at which there is unimpeded access to meet their increasing demands. In this connection, the security is treated as an ideal, as a perspective, which in modern context few hardly achievable. But this ideal pattern shows us the path that will take individuals abandoned the state"s protection to achieve this ideal.


The article discusses the role of Siberia and Far East regions in the integration process in the Asia-Pacific region, whose importance for Russia has increased after introduction of anti-Russian economic sanctions. The article describes the shortcomings of Russia's eastern regions impeding integration with Asia-Pacific, provides recommendations how to remove them. The factors that will determine the direction of the APR in the next 20 years are listed. The analysis of areas where cooperation could bring the development of eastern regions of Russia and the Asia-Pacific region is given.


The present study provides a depiction of Malioboro through the interconnected prisms of language presentation, language preferences, and sign informativeness. Seven  hundred  and  twenty-nine  public  signs  were  examined  and  analysed. Although the analysis was limited to words, the survey also paid attention to language preferences and sign informativeness, wit, clarity, and visibility to both local and foreign visitors. Our findings reveal the dominance of Indonesian in the linguistic landscape (LL) of Malioboro, Yogyakarta's most famous street; 73% of the signs were in Indonesian; indeed, all non-commercial signs use Indonesian. Only 15% of all signs used English and fewer than 5% of the signs contained Javanese, either in its original script or romanized. True to its principal target group, Indonesian  speakers,  the  LL  of  Malioboro  displays  an  exclusiveness and reflects the implementation of Indonesia's language policy. Our survey shows both Indonesian and English prevailing in commercial, regulatory, and infrastructural signs, most of which are informative.


Objective:To investigate the clinical value of high-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging examination in the diagnosis of small breast cancer.Methods:Retrospective review was performed in 20 pathologically cases of small breast cancer(21 lesions(maximum diameter ≤ 2 cm)) which were confirmed by histological findings.We analyzed the morphologic features and enhancement kinetics of breast lesion with high-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging appearances.Results:Small breast cancer detection performance presented with irregular or lobular,irregular edges or burrs,uneven ring mass-like enhancement lesions,focus,uneven or clustering-like non-mass enhancement lesions.Time-signal intensity curves showed platform type in 7 cases(33.3%),wash-out type in 14 cases(66.7%).Results showed that small breast lesions and normal breast tissue hemodynamics between the difference was significant.Conclusion:3 T MRI high-resolution dynamic enhanced MRI has significant value in diagnosing breast cancer as it can provide clear,rich information on the morphology and hemodynamics.


This paper proposes the theoretical framework and the experimental application of the active disturbance rejection control to linear induction motors. Such a non-linear control technique can be viewed as a particular kind of input-output linearization control technique, where the non-linear transformation of the state is not a priori given by a model, while it is estimated on-line. Such an approach permits to cope with modelling errors as well as any uncertainty in the knowledge of the model parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed active disturbance rejection control law has been verified experimentally on a suitably developed test set-up.


By far the commonest consituents of insular phosphate deposits are calcium phosphates of the apatite series of minerals, especially varieties that contain structural carbonate in their crystal lattices, e.g. francolite and dahllite. This reflects the fact that the vast majority of described insular phosphate deposits occur in low latitudes, where they have formed, in a tropical environment, by metasomatic replacement of carbonate in coral substrates by phosphate derived either from avian excrement or from phosphorus-enriched lagoonal/lacustrine waters.

Thin, recently-formed guano accumulations on islands of the subantarctic Bounty group differ radically in that they consist principally of struvite, a hydrated ammonium magnesium phosphate that is better known as a component of human/mammalian urinary stones and enteroliths, and of bat guano in sheltered speleothems. Apatite occurs only in an accessory role in the Bounty Islands guano. This contrast in mineralogy, and the somewhat anomalous survival of soft, unstable struvite in a totally exposed environment on the Bounty Islands, are attributed to climatic factors and to the nature of the granodioritic rock substrate.


The main purpose of this study was to investigate air quality trends of ambient aerosol with obtaining size-fractionated information. The suspended particulate matters were continuously collected on membrane filters and glass fiber filters by an 8-stage cascade impactor for 2 years (Sep. 2005 Sep. 2007) in Kyung Hee University-Global Campus. 8 ionic species (, , , , , , , and ) were analyzed by an IC after performing proper pretreatments of each sample filter. The average concentration levels of each ion were of , of , of , of , of , of , of , and of , respectively. The distribution pattern of , , , , and was bi-modal and two peaks appeared in the range of and , respectively. On the other hand, , , and showed patterns of uni-modal distribution, mostly abounded in the fine mode group.


Soil properties (biological and chemical) and crop esponse are dependent on the inherent soil organic matter content. Since South African so ils are naturally low in organic matter content commercial humates serve as attractive soil amendments in improving soil quality. This is the result of commercialisation giving the impression that humates have biological and chemical properties similar to those in soil hu mus. In an attempt to substantiate these claims three se parate experiments were conducted at the University of the Free State to examine the effect of K-humate on soil properties and wheat response during the 2006 growing season. The biological (bacterial and fungal count) response was evaluated in growth chambers by applying three different K-humate products at rates of 0, 3 and 5 L ha -1 in a band on a red loamy sand topsoil. Soil cores were sampled on a weekly basis for six weeks and mi croscopically analysed. Bacterial and fungal count differed significantly as a result of the product by application rate interaction but no consistency was found. Over time both the ba cterial and fungal activity increased rapidly for week 2 and 3 but decreased at week 3 fo r the bacteria. Both the organisms' reactions stabilised from week 3 to 6. The chemical soil properties were also tested in growth chambers but only K-humate (single product) was applied as a coating on granular 2:3:2 (22) fertiliser at 0 and 3 L ha -1 in a band 50 mm below the soil surface. The chemic al soil properties showed no response after 5 months t o the application of K-humate. A glasshouse experiment was also conducted to evalu ate the growth and yield response of wheat on three textural class topsoil's (8, 22 and 37% clay) and four K-humate applications (0 L ha , 3 L ha single application, and 3 and 6 L ha -1 split application – 50% at planting and 50% at tillering). K-humate as a coating on 2:3:2 (22) granular fertiliser was banded and Greensulph (27) topdresse d at the required fertiliser rate for a yield potential of 8 t ha . Plant growth parameters were analysed at tillerin g, stem elongation and maturity, both aboveand below-grou nd. Virtually no significant influences were found with the K-humate application rate and soil texture interaction on the measured parameters. Notwithstanding this, posi tive effects were noticed and a split application whereof half of the K-humate was applie d at planting and the other half at tillering showed the best results.


At present, it is unusual to operate machines at fixed speed throughout their operating lives. The need to adjust speed depends upon the load demand, load fluctuations, or for improving machine efficiency. This realization of the need of adjustable speed drives (ASDs) has led to rapid growth in this area. The emergence of semiconductor based control devices in the early 70 's contributed greatly to the development in ASDs. However, all the positives had to have a negative side; one of them in the form of the harmonics, which continue to provide food for thought to drive engineers. This paper aims to provide a panoramic view of the problem of harmonics caused by ASDs, starting with the brief introduction to harmonics, proceeding to its ill effects in power systems to some of the solutions that are being employed to overcome these harmonics.


TTI 2000, is an international conference on technology transfer and innovation held at the Commonwealth Institute, London in July 2000. There is a special issue of Industry and Higher Education devoted to a selection of papers and reports from the TTI Conference.TTI 2000: introduction and conference overview
Author: Robson E. H.
Source: Industry and Higher Education, Volume 15, Number 1, 1 February 2001 , pp. 8-12(5)
Publisher: IP Publishing Ltd


The transfer of US equipment and technology to help North African and Middle East countries develop their water resources must include nonconventional technologies to help them augment existing water supplies. Water development in Morocco, Algeria, and Egypt to meet irrigation, sanitation, and economic development needs presents opportunities to US exporters and investors. This article summarizes the projects and needs in each of the three countries. (DCK)


This paper presents a literature review on the use of sports suspension systems in the rehabilitation process. Suspension therapy, or sling-therapy, is a method of physical rehabilitation with the use of various systems of the suspension of the whole body or limbs. These systems are now widely used in rehabilitation treatment as well as in the training process. The possible modification of the sports suspension systems lays in the use of elastic suspensions. The use of elastic suspensions in sports variants of suspension systems can identify the weak link in the musculoskeletal chain and correct it, using a variety of dynamic exercises. Thus, the use of elastic suspensions makes it possible to strengthen the weaker muscle groups, by alternating performance of dynamic and static exercises. In this case the doctor is able to prevent participation of other, stronger muscle groups, in the motion. An involvement of compensatory muscle in movement is a signal to finish or change the conditions of exercise. By this way it is possible to form and train the right motor pattern in a patient without much effort. The use of elastic suspension makes it possible to increase or decrease the load without changing the number of repetitions of exercises and, accordingly, without changing the duration of sessions.


Aims:  To investigate the behaviour of cold‐adapted, log phase Escherichia coli exposed to temperatures that fluctuate below and above the minimum for growth.


Aims. To determine popularity and variants of blood glucose self-monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as wellas its correlation with efficiency of antihyperglycemic therapy. Materials and methods. Current study was carried out within the framework of mobile diabetes centre project. We analyzed 545 patients,assessing their clinical status, laboratory test results (including HbA 1c levels) and self-monitoring frequency. Results. 49% of patients reported regular self-monitoring, while 25% conducted monitoring of both fasting and postprandial bloodglucose levels. Percentage of patients performing self-monitoring was found to be independent of age and length of diabetes experience,but correlated with insulin therapy and rating of chronic diabetic complications. Self-monitoring was associated with lower rate ofdiabetic decompensation and was much more common among patients on insulin therapy, being associated with statistically significantreduction of HbA 1c levels. Conclusion. Self-monitoring is associated with greater efficiency of antihyperglycemic treatment in patients with T2DM on insulintherapy, as well as in those receiving oral agents only.


Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, insidious disease characterized by progressive submucosal fibrosis of the oral cavity and the oropharynx. People affected by this disease mostly live in south Asia, but migrants from these countries to the USA and Europe may present with OSF. Purpose: We provide a historical background of the disease and the objective of this review is to update the current knowledge on the aetiology and aetiopathogenesis of OSF. Arecoline influences deposition of extra cellular matrix (ECM) by increasing the production of TIMP-1 and the effect is enhanced when fibroblasts are co cultured with keratinocytes. 56 This data suggested that an interaction of oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSF. 56 Interaction of arecoline and keratinocytes may induce the differentiation of myofibroblasts from fibroblasts. 57 Another study proposed that areca alkaloids induce buccal mucosal fibroblast contraction and persistent fibroblast contraction may induce fibrotic process in OSF. 58 The fact that arecoline influences ECM was further supported by the evidence for Transglutaminase-2 (TGM – 2) over expression in OSF and its regulation by arecoline. TGM – 2 stabilizes ECM protein by cross linking and has been implicated in several fibrotic disorders. 59 a possible relationship between Hif-1 α , ROS and EMT has been revealed as we have shown an upregulation of Hif-1 α 84 in OSF and also production of ROS by arecoline treatment. inter-individual variability in chemical pharmacokinetics. Cytochrome P450 had been identified as a genetic biomarker for susceptibility to develop OSF. This may be helpful in identifying high risk individuals according to the genetic polymorphisms in some exclusive regions of the Cytochrome P450 3A, P4501A1 and CYP2E1 genes. 91,92 Another study revealed the fact that CYP1A1 (m1) genotype and (m2) genotype singly acts as a protective factor but in the absence of GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 gene significantly alters risk towards the disease. 93 A few genes related to the pathway of CYP metabolism such as CYP2B6, CYP2C18, CYP2F1, CYP3A5, microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (MGST2), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), UDP glucuronosyl transferase 2B15 (UGT2B15), and ADH1C were found to be down regulated in all stages of OSF, thereby reducing the ability of CYP to metabolize and clear betel nut substances and contributing to the pathogenesis. 94 Recently, genetic polymorphism of lysyl oxidase, was identified and LOX Arg158GIn appeared to be associated more in elderly OSF patients. 67 Polymorphisms of collagen-related genes on OSF risk had been investigated. A study focused on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TGF β -1 gene reported that polymorphism in 5¢UTR C-T in TGF beta 1 gene associated with pro-angiogenic pathway has a significant association with OSF. 95 Association of SNP (-1171 5A->6A) in the MMP-3 promoter region with the 5A alleles risk developing the disease 96 SNPs in MMP-2 and MMP-9 promoter region 97 OSF


Considering resources of sensor nodes are constrained in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and optical networks can provide long distance and high-bandwidth communications, the design of a hybrid access network that integrates wireless sensor networks with passive optical networks (PONs) is a promising way to reduce sensors' energy consumption. In PON-WSN hybrid networks, ONUs perform as cluster heads with high processing capacity and power in WSNs. Since sensor nodes' number is mostly on a large scale and their locations are irregular, it's necessary to select optimal ONUs' locations so that a sensor can send packets to an ONU with least energy consumption. In this paper, we employ a hybrid approach combining Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search to optimize ONUs deployment problem. Simulation results confirm that compared to cluster heads changing in rounds in WSNs and random ONUs placement in PON-WSN hybrid networks, our approach performs better in reducing sensors' energy consumption.


A method of coating thickness determination using cathodic sputtering glow discharge as atomizer with atomic absorption spectrometry (GDAAS) is developed. By the relationship of absorbance A and the specific quantity of sputtering qc, Cu, Ni-P and Zn coating thickness determinations have been tested. Experiments show that if the relationship between A and qc has been established, no properly prepared standards are usually necessary. It is a generally suitable method for conducting samples. Precision < 2.6% and no systematic error has been found.


The purpose of this study is to describe how the application of authentic assessment conducted by high school/vocational biology teachers in Langkat Regency. This study used a qualitative approach with the type of direct survey research. The sample used in this study was 15 samples of Biology Teachers From 4 different high schools in Langkat Regency including SMA Negeri 1 Stabat, SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura, SMAS Preparation Stabat and SMAS Tunas Bangsa. Authentic assessment includes several aspects, namely behavior, knowledge and skills or talents. But in reality, from the results of questionnaires, interviews, and observations, it was found that the results of implementing authentic assessment had not been fully carried out by some biology teachers. Obstacles experienced by biology teachers in authentic assessment include the lack of training for biology teachers, delivery of material during training makes biology teachers less able to understand authentic assessment and explain all aspects contained in the 2013 curriculum, the number of students who must be assessed individually by biology teachers, limited time to conduct assessments, and the facilities and infrastructure available at schools have not been used optimally. The large number of students who are assessed individually requires a lot of time to carry out the assessment. Therefore, teachers feel confused in dividing their time in advance with infrastructure that cannot be utilized optimally.


Speech Reconstruction is the task of recreation of speech using silent videos as input. In the literature, it is also referred to as lipreading. In this paper, we design an encoder-decoder architecture which takes silent videos as input and outputs an audio spectrogram of the reconstructed speech. The model, despite being a speaker-independent model, achieves comparable results on speech reconstruction to the current state-of-the-art speaker-dependent model. We also perform user studies to infer speech intelligibility. Additionally, we test the usability of the trained model using bilingual speech.


Recent advance in clinical nutrition has involved recognition and assessment of nutritional risk,development of nutrition formulations,appropriate application and clinical practice guidelines of nutritional support.Despite much developments achieved in the field of clinical nutrition,controversies and large gaps exist between many recommendations and actual practice,and consequently nutrition therapy is suboptimal.


Objective
To study the curative efficacy of different doses of atorvastatin combined with fenofibrate in treatment of mixed type hyperlipidemia and its effects on blood lipid and prognosis.

Methods
120 patients of mixed type hyperlipidemia who received therapy were selected as research subjects.According to random number table, the patients were divided into A group (n=60) and B group (n=60). The two groups were treated with atorvastatin and fenofibrate, the dose of atorvastatin in A group was 10mg, which in B group was 20mg, fenofibrate dose was 200mg.After 4 weeks of treatment, the therapeutic effect was compared.

Results
After treatment, the blood lipids of the two groups were improved(P 0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions in A group was lower than that in B group[96.67%(58/60) vs.76.67%(46/60)](χ2=6.171, P<0.05).

Conclusion
Low dose (10 mg) of atorvastatin combined with fenofibrate for mixed type hyperlipidemia has good lipid regulating effect, and adverse reaction is low, has little effect on the liver function of patients, which can effectively improve the prognosis, it is worthy of application and promotion.

Key words:
Hyperlipidemia, familial combined; Atorvastatin; Fenofibrate


The objectives of this research were to evaluate concentrate containing different levels of Durio zibethinus Murr rind flour fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus in in vitro with goat rumen fluid and fatty acid contents of the concentrate. There were three levels of fermented Durio concentrate (DC): DCA (5% fermented Durio/25% rice bran), DCB (10% fermented Durio/20% rice bran), and DCC (20% fermented Durio/10% rice bran). In averages, dry matter (DM) content was lower; while, sodium (Na), and potassium (K) were found high in DCC. As fiber fraction, lignin content is low in 5% fermented Durio. In vitro characteristics increased with higher fermented Durio in concentrate. Total fatty acid contents decreased with increasing level of fermented Durio. In conclusion, that 5% of fermented Durio could be incorporated in concentrate, potentially could be applied in dairy goat.


Security is an important issue in the field of communication. During storing or transmission of data we have to take care of the confidentiality. The proposed work mainly deals with data hiding to enhance the security of data transmitted in a network. The Steganography which hides the existence of the message and the Cryptography which distort the message are combined. It is mainly employed for sending vital information in a secret way. Here we are discussing Adaptive Pixel Value Differencing technique as image Steganographic scheme whereas Advanced Encryption Standard is discussed as the Cryptographic scheme to encrypt the message. In APVD the image is divided into blocks and then data will be hidden. If we use simple pixel value differencing as embedding algorithm then there is a possibility that the resultant stego image may exceed the grey scale range of 0 to 255.This can affect the quality of stego image which in turn causes the observer to identify that a hidden communication is happening. The main objective of this proposed work is to enhance the quality of stego image and to increase the embedding capacity.


A method for measuring the mass of dust inhaled per change at multiple one-time concentration measurements is presented. It is shown that the results obtained using the average concentration are unreliable. Recommendations for a reliable measurement of the mass of dust that enters the lungs per shif .


On behalf of everyone who was involved in SENSEV AL-2, we are happy to provide this volume of papers by the teams who participated in SENSEV AL-2, the second organized evaluation of word sense disambiguation systems. This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Evaluating Word Sense Disambiguation Systems that was held on July 5-6, 2001 in Toulouse (in conjunction with the 391h Annual Meeting of the ACL).


Abstract. Changes in land use is a major cause of flooding and landslides. The addition of a load on the slopes of the body by making residential buildings on the edge of a slope or at the top of the hill is risky landslide. From the results of soil testing in Wonodadi Kulon village Pacitan, the carrying capacity of the land base is capable of supporting the weight of the building, namely: QB = 0.217 kg / cm2 <Qall = 0285 kg / cm2 (still safe). In the case of the wall down (sinkhole), tilt and cracks in several buildings at the site of the settlement, not because of low soil bearing capacity but due to the implementation of a technical error, also prone to landslides because the ground with a slope of 15-40% converted into residential or housing and soil compaction is not done correctly. The land on the slope surface is directly used for the placement of the building foundation, in addition to causing land subsidence and landslides in the rain, as well as uneven load distribution and downs of the carrying capacity of the soil due to the influence of the body of water seepage in soil slope.  Keywords: live, soil stability, carrying capacity.


A key challenge for autonomous navigation in cluttered outdoor environments is the reliable discrimination between obstacles that must be avoided at all costs, and lesser obstacles which the robot can drive over if necessary. Chlorophyll-rich vegetation in particular is often not an obstacle to a capable off-road vehicle, and it has long been recognized in the satellite imaging community that a simple comparison of the red and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance of a material provides a reliable technique for measuring chlorophyll content in natural scenes. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of using this chlorophyll-detection technique to improve autonomous navigation in natural, off-road environments. We demonstrate through extensive experiments that this feature has properties complementary to the color and shape descriptors traditionally used for point cloud analysis, and show significant improvement in classification performance for tasks relevant to outdoor navigation. Results are shown from field testing onboard a robot operating in off-road terrain.