One of the most important physical quantities which has an influence on bearings and micro-bearings functioning is the viscosity of a lubricant. The data about a viscosity value dependence on temperature and shear rate are essential for designing sliding friction pairs. In design calculations usually there is assumed that a lubricant is a Newtonian fluid, therefore viscosity is constant over the full range of shear rates. During operation of friction pairs the contamination particles get into a lubricant and this causes that the lubricant becomes a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic or viscoelastic fluid. A similar effect on lubricating oil properties have combustion products or special performance additives. Furthermore, a lubricating oil ages and wears out, i.e. during its operating the initial structure of a particles is destroyed which can cause the change of the oil viscosity and lubricity values. The aim of this work is to determine the dynamic viscosity values in dependence on temperature and shear rate for selected new and used lubricating oils. In this research motor oils for passenger vehicles and tractors were investigated. This paper presents the results of measurements of the viscosity changes, in dependence on shear rate and temperature, made for the new and used oils. One of the investigated oils is Superol CC-40, which was used in four-stroke 4562 cm3 diesel engine for twenty months, which corresponds to 250 hours of operating. The second of investigated oils is Shell Helix Ultra AV-L which was used in four-stroke 2000 cm3 diesel engine for ten months at a distance of 15 000 kilometers. The viscosity measurements for the new and used lubricating oils were made with the Thermo Scientific Haake Mars III rheometer, in the range of temperatures from 10°C to 120°C and of shear rates to 51000 1/s. Moreover, the analysis of wear products, contaminants and additives in the investigated new and used lubricating oils was made with the rotating disc electrode atomic emission spectrometer Spectro Incorporated Spectroil Q100, which gives possibility to determine 22 most common elements which occur in motor, turbine and gear oils. The obtained information will be used in future studies related to hydrodynamic lubrication of slide bearings and micro-bearings. It also may be useful for designing bearings and sliding friction pairs.


Ideas of activity are widely used in the contemporary literature on psychology and methodology. It seems that everyone understands well what is being said. Nevertheless, one can claim that there is a methodological problem in connection with the idea of activity. Various researchers not only interpret activity differently but, what is more important, assess of the place of this category in knowledge differently. From the perspective of some researchers, activity is one way of describing and explaining reality. Others believe that the category of activity presents reality itself, that there is nothing but activity. If we adhere to the former point of view, we can raise the question, for example, of studying certain types of activity, as V.V. Davydov does (he points out that so far there has been little research on the origin and historical development of such types of activity as artistic and educational activity and that the cultural-historical aspects of activity have not been adequately studied [5, pp. 28-29]).


Digital Simulation of a Power Factor Correction (PFC) bridgeless Cuk converter based adjustable speed controlled VSI fed PMBLDC motor is presented in this paper. A single-phase DC-DC converter topology based on the bridgeless Cuk converter is employed for PFC which ensures near unity power factor over wide speed range. The proposed speed control scheme has the concept of DC link voltage control proportional to the desired speed of the PMBLDC motor. The speed is regulated by a PI controller. The PFC converter based PMBLDCM drive is designed, modeled and simulated using MATLAB- SimuLink environment. Merits of the proposed power converter include unity power factor, less harmonic content, less switching loss, simpler control stage, higher power density and unidirectional power flow. This drive ensures high accuracy and robust operation from near zero to high speed.


The invention discloses a centering screw tap for one-time tapping. The centering screw tap sequentially comprises a first cone, a second cone and a third cone from left to right; the centering screw tap can be used for tapping at one time; a section of cylinder with centering and guiding functions is ground between the first cone and the second cone; a through hole is formed on the axial line inside the screw tap; a cutting edge is arranged in the through hole; and the centering screw tap is used for small screws with the diameter of below 12 mm (M12). One section of cylinder is arranged at the front end of the centering screw cap disclosed by the invention for centering and guiding; and the centering screw tap has the advantages of one-time tapping, high production efficiency, favorable quality, simple structure, convenience in manufacture, low cost and high work efficiency; and a thread is prevented from being tapped to be tilt and the screw tap is not prone to being damaged.


The Research Project was carried out in the "El Sagrario y San Francisco savings and Credit Cooperatives", located in the Cotopaxi Province, which are regulated by the SPES Superintendence of Popular and Solidarity Economy. The main activity of the Cooperative is the raising and placement money according to the balance of its assets in segment 1In 2015, the economic problems began and the sales decreased in a 60%, affecting 25,000 commercial locals due to the activation of the Cotopaxi volcano. It increased the past due loan portfolio. It is for this reason that the purpose of the project was to determine the impact of the overdue portfolio on the assets of the "San Francisco" and "El Sagrario" Savings and Credit Cooperatives through the application of a financial analysis to provide an overview that allowed to incentive collection strategies in the period 2015.The methodology that was applied in the project was quantitative. It was based on the documentary, descriptive and field research to obtain data and necessary financial numbers that were used in the application of financial ratios….


This paper contains the detailed approach of automatic extraction of Keyphrases from scientific articles (i.e. research paper) using supervised tool like Conditional Random Fields (CRF). Keyphrase is a word or set of words that describe the close relationship of content and context in the document. Keyphrases are sometimes topics of the document that represent the key ideas of the document. Automatic Keyphrase extraction is a very important module for the automatic systems like query or topic independent summarization, question-answering (QA), information retrieval (IR), document classification etc. The system was developed for the Task 5 of SemEval2. The system is trained using 144 scientific articles and tested on 100 scientific articles. Different combinations of features have been used. With combined keywords i.e. both authorassigned and reader-assigned keyword sets as answers, the system shows a precision of 32.34%, recall of 33.09% and F-measure of 32.71% with top 15 candidates.


Cultural adaptation is an interesting thing to discuss because it involves matters that is important for the creation of effective intercultural communication. With the focus of research on Indonesian students who were study in Thailand and how the intercultural communication they used to achieve cultural adaptation. This research become interesting because Indonesian students spend their time at universities where the level of student heterogeneity is quite high. Nowadays, universitys' life leads to an increasingly diverse society and identity problems in it. This study used a qualitative approach with the descriptive analysis method. According to Sugiyono (2016: 7) qualitative research method is research method based on the philosophy of positivism, used to examine social phenomena that occur. It can be interpreted that by using qualitative research method, researcher intend to understand the phenomenon, experienced by research participants, such as their behavior, perceptions, and motivations by using ways of describing words and languages in a specific context. The results of this study indicateds that the three research informants have three components of communication competences, namely; knowledge, skill, and motivation, but with different levels for each individual depending on the cultural adaptation strategies they used. In addition, there were inhibiting factors and supporting factors during the process of cultural adaptation, inhibiting factors including; language differences, values, thought patterns, and behavioral patterns. Supporting factors include; encouragement from the environment, ease of access in association.


Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is an uncommon benign tumor of the bone system first described by Jaffe and Lichtenstein in 1948. A review of world wide literature revealed 38 cases of head and neck CMF lesions up to October 1996. There were 15 cases in the mandible, 4 in the maxilla, 13 in the cranium, 1 in the pterygopalatine fossa, 1 in the zygoma and 4 in the nose and paranasal sinus. In this paper we present a new case of CMF which arose in the ethmoid sinus. In addition, a review of the literature is presented. A 34-year-old Japanese man presented with left exophthalmus. The patient had noticed the protuberance on the left side of the nasal base 12 months previously. Anterior nasal specullum examination revealed no tumors in the nasal cavity. A plain CT scan revealed a large lump involving the left ethmoid sinus, extending superiorly into the bilateral frontal sinuses and into the left orbit. M R imaging showed a low intensity signal relative to the gray matter on T1-weighted images, isointensity on proton density images, a jagged island like lesion with a hyperintense high signal was seen within the high intensity signal on T2-weighted images and marked peripheral enhancement was noted on postcontrast (Gd-DTPA) studies of T2-weighted images. The tumor was removed completely by way of external ethmoid approach. The tumor dimensions were 6 x 4 x 3.5 cm. Grossly the surface was grayish-white, capsule-less, lobular, solid in texture and rather firm, but rubbery in consistency. The cut surface of the tumor was glazed and g enerally yellowish-white in color. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of CMF. After 34 months of clinical and radiological follow-up, the patient showed no evidence of recurrence.


Abstract: The problem in this research is less of result in writing skills at grade III class. This is because teachers taught monotone, did not use instructional media, and lack of mastered classes by teachers. Therefore, this research aimed to improve the narrative essay in student writing skills by using picture series. This research was done in class IIIC SD Negeri 94 Pekanbaru. The total of number 37 students. The method used in this research is classroom action research (PTK). This research using data analysis techniques activities of teachers and students activities, the analysis of narrative essay writing skills as well as improving narrative essay writing skills. Based on the results of this research by using the media picture series, the student's skill every cycle has increased the average on the basis of score obtained from homeroom III 53,51, after conducted the action in the first cycle increased to 60,24 and the second cycle increased to 72,81. It can be concluded that using media picture series can improve the writing skills narrative essay third grade students of SD Negeri 94 Pekanbaru. Keywords: Picture series, writing skills, essay narrative


This amending Act (2013 No. 3) was assented to on 19 February 2013, to come into effect on a day or days to be proclaimed, with forced commencement on 28 October 2013. To the date of writing (28 April 2013), there have been no proclamations. The Act makes a series of both policy and machinery changes to the Planning and Environment Act 1987 and the Subdivision Act 1988. The Explanatory Memorandum for the Bill states what the clauses do, but not why they do it. The Department of Planning and Community Development has recently issued a Guide to the Planning and Environment (General) Act 2013, which gives helpful information about the overall provisions of the Act.


The article is devoted to the problems of Massive Open Online Courses, their types, "c-MOOC" and "x-MOOC", their theoretical basis, pedagogical potential for foreign language teachingat Institutions of Higher Education. The author considers the courses on the platform FutureLearn, their efficiency in foreign language teaching.


Remediation of climate change induced by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gasses and
it precursors is the main focus today. However, less known is that the environment may also
be subjected to relatively fast geological dynamical phenomena such as the isostatic uplift of
Fennoscandia, parts of Canada and northwestern Russia. This uplift affects the archipelago
along the coast of southwestern Finland and Sweden and causes the relocation of human
activities.
In this study we investigate the on-ground observed regression of the Gulf of Bothnia on the
coasts of southwestern Finland and its implications on the country-side activities in the
framework of the eco-development paradigm. We focus our study on the neighbourhood of
the Nordsund peninsula (60°40’30”N, 21°37’14”E) between Keikvesi and Katavakarinselkä,
representative for the whole Finnish archipelago with an average local isostatic uplift of 9 mm
per year (5 mm in the South and 14 mm in the Merenkurkku area. The Nordsund peninsula
contains a former bay of the Bothnia Sea, called Mustalahti, which is reduced to a lake since
the direct way out of inner land precipitation to the open sea disappeared in the 1980s.
We show that remotely sensed data on vegetation and surface wetness confirms this fast sea
regression and the silting-up of the nearby lakes that drain precipitation to the Gulf. The
changing of the Mustalahti over time and its vegetation is expressed in terms of Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Wetness Index (NDWI),
derived from Landsat 7 data for May, 12 th 2000 and for Landsat 8 for April, 23 rd 2019
characterized by a 30 m x 30 m pixel resolution. We discuss this changing coastline in the
framework of the Eco-Development paradigm which may rebalance nature, environment,
humans and culture. This paradigm is a valid alternative against the past and present-day
socio-economical dominant approach that contributed to the accelerated change of the Earth’s
climate.


"Typhoid Spine."?Although the affection known under this name was described so long ago as 1899, and has since received a considerable amount of attention in America and Germany, no articles on the subject have appeared in this country until very recently. Love (Glasyow Med. Journ., 1906, December) reports two cases briefly as follows: (1) A male, set. 2G, underwent a sharp attack of typhoid fever, the temperature becoming normal on the thirty-sixth day. On the forty-ninth day acute pain in the lumbar region, shooting down the right leg, and greatly exacerbated by movement, was complained of. There was no sign of inflammatory mischief, and no local tenderness. Sensation was normal, but the knee-jerks were exaggerated, and there was ankle clonus. Palpation in the right iliac fossa was attended by some discomfort. This state of affairs persisted for about three months, when the pain subsided, and the patient was thereafter discharged from hospital cured. (2) A male, set. 27, underwent an attack of typhoid, the temperature falling on the thirty-eighth day. Ten days later he complained of


Aim. To evaluate anesthesia according to the central hemodynamic, oxygen, acid-base, temperature homeostasis, neuromuscular conduction monitoring the depth of anesthesia and recovery postanesthesia consciousness. Materials and methods. The research was performed in 78 patients who underwent major abdominal surgery under combined anesthesia. All patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the characteristics induced dynamics of constant potential. Results. Anesthesia in patients with high cardiovascular and respiratory systems leads to the development of hyperdynamic type of circulation, increased fentanyl consumption, and an increased risk of slow postoperative awakening. In patients of other groups was observed stable during combined anesthesia. Conclusion. In patients with high cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the use of combined general and epidural anesthesia is advisable. In patients of other groups, the use of combined anesthesia provides adequate protection against operational stress.


A very simple and cost-effective method for fabrication of SiOx-incorporated diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films at a preparation temperature of less than 200C was developed. Since DLC coating can be prepared not under vacuum but atmospheric conditions without any carrier gas flow, not only wafers but also powderic substrates can be used for DLC coating. Formation of DLC coating could result in appearance of superhydrophobic behaviors, which was sustained in a wide range of pH (1∼ 14). DLC-coated surfaces selectively interacted with toluene in a toluene/water mixture. These results imply that our preparation method of the DLC coating can be useful in many application fields such as creating self-cleaning surfaces, and water and air purification filters.


Self-inverting exhaust muffler is an active control muffler based on acoustic interference principle. Compared with the passive exhaust muffler, the exhaust resistance of self-inverting exhaust muffler is smaller. Therefore, the engine power loss is smaller. Compared with the active exhaust muffler, the electric power loss of self-inverting exhaust muffler is smaller and structure is simpler, so that it can be implemented easily. In this paper, the principle, structure and application of the self-inverting exhaust muffler are discussed. All of these works lay the foundation for further study of the self-inverting exhaust muffler.


Art creates a specific relation to time and especially to the present moment. It opens the experience of the present towards its indeterminacy and emergence. On the contrary, AI does not know the present. It recognizes only the past and future. We could even say that artificial neural networks do not "know" time at all. Instead, they know only logical functions which process patterns of information. Yet, what makes time "time" is genuine transformation, which happens outside of the abstract realm of logic. I support these observations by analysing two works of art: Bill Viola's The Raft (2004) and Hito Steyerl's This Is the Future (2019). While artistic creation opens up the intervals "in-between seconds" for an unpredictable and transformative event to occur (The Raft), AI closes these intervals and fastens the future into predictability calculated on the basis of past data (This Is the Future). Although this machinic operation makes the present even more unpredictable and prone to catastrophes, its potential for transformation seems to be withdrawn.


Aim To study whether the derivation of pseudolaric acid B(PBA-D1) can induce apoptosis on human galactophore cancer Hela cells line in vitro and the possible mechanisms of apoptosis. Methods MTT,SRB assay,cell growth curve,colony formation of cancer cells, morphological study, DNA gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry,Western blot.Results Potent cytotoxic effect on human galactophore cancer Hela cells line can be observed by MTT,SRB assay and cell growth curve,colony formation of cancer cells. After treatment of Hela cells with PBA-D1, apparent morphological characteristic of apoptosis was detected under the fluorescent microscopes with the staining of Hoechst 33342, both the number of apoptosis cells and the cell circle were measured by flow cytometry, a typical "Sub-G_1 peak" was also checked and PBA-D1 blocked the tumor cells at G_2+M phase and arrested the following cell circle. Western blots showed PBA-D1 promoted p53 protein expression, at the same time it also inhibited bcl-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion PBA-D1 induces apoptosis by promoting p53 and inhibiting bcl-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner.


PERFORMANCE contracting is another promise for education to guarantee more return (output) for the time and dollars (input) invested in instruction . . . a yet unproven innovation in which private corporations and teachers will be paid according to their ability, as assessed by preand post-standardized tests, to improve specified skills of a given group of students. Thus far, the several programs in operation have been geared to improving reading and mathematical skills of students who are performing substantially below grade level. Because of the qualified success of the program operated this past year at Texarkana, Arkansas, under a Title VIII grant from the Office of Education, the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) has decided to expand the program to eighteen school districts, with six firms working with over 15,000 children in a five-million-dollar, one-year experiment. Government officials and the six firms


Archaeologists have used material artifacts found in a physical space to gain an understanding about the people who occupied that space. Likewise, as users wander through a digital library, they leave behind data‐based artifacts of their activity in the virtual space. Digital library archaeologists can gather these artifacts and employ inductive techniques, such as bibliomining, to create generalizations. These generalizations are the basis for hypotheses, which are tested to gain understanding about library services and users. In this article, the development of traditional archaeological methods is presented and used to create a conceptual framework for the artifact‐based evaluation in digital libraries.


This paper is an attempt to examine the status of lexical entries in the relevancetheoretic framework enriched with some insights from the relatively new but rapidly developing field of lexical pragmatics, whose prime objective is to explain how lexically-encoded ('literal') meanings are adjusted and modified in use (Wilson 2004). Using some evidence from both polysemy and homonymy, the paper seeks to demonstrate that polysemous items have one mental representation (be it a lexicalised pro-concept which has to be contextually enriched virtually every time it is used, or even a non-lexicalised broadened concept which is a superordinate of distinct non-overlapping senses), whereas homonyms have distinct mental representations. The paper also poses the question whether the encyclopaedic content of one concept may have any influence on the encyclopaedic information of another concept if they share the same lexical entry, as seems to happen in the case of words whose form makes them homonymous with taboo-words.


This study intends to develop the use of bonded solutions for the repair of primary aircraft structures. We propose in this way a new NDT procedure by Infrared Thermography in order to be able to detect internal bonding defects. Difficulties come from the weak thermal contrast between the properties of the constitutive parts of the repair and, above all, the small thickness of the joint and the depth of the bonded interfaces The strategy consists in designing the joint material in view of the non destructive thermal inspection, specially by introducing boron nitride particles within the epoxy joint to enhance the thermal gradients.


Microswimmers are microscopic objects that can move and perform tasks in liquid environments. Although only two decades have passed since their emergence [1], microswimmers have already attracted significant attention in the scientific world because of their many valuable potential applications. Among these, biomedical applications seem particularly promising, and many interesting studies have been performed already in vitro or even in vivo [2]. However, no microswimmers have so far been approved for clinical use, which is why ongoing research is often focused on clinical translation or relevant related issues such as biocompatibility. Different propulsion and control modalities are employed for microswimmers, including biohybrid, optical, magnetic, chemical, thermal or acoustic propulsion. Among these, our group focuses on the use of optical forces generated by manipulating light. For most intents and purposes, light is a biocompatible actuator. However, because of the limited tissue penetration depth, light is only suited for applications in superficial tissues of the human body [3]. On the other hand, light-controlled microswimmers can be employed for various laboratory studies relevant for biomedical research, such as cell manipulation, fluid viscosity characterization, or drug delivery. Furthermore, supplementing the use of light with that of, e.g., a magnetic actuator can help overcome the challenges encountered in the human body [4]. Light is a flexible actuator which can be tailored to the desired application. When it comes to light-controlled microswimmers, one option is to use focused near-infrared laser beams for optical trapping. This enables extremely precise manipulation of the microswimmers with six degrees of freedom. Another option is to use visible light to induce shape changes in lightresponsive polymers in a controlled manner. Both options are interesting for biomedical applications and have characteristic advantages and challenges [5]. Designing and fabricating light-controlled microswimmers currently needs tailoring to specific applications, which often requires interdisciplinary teams of highly trained researchers [6]. Ultimately, gathering sufficient knowledge and overcoming the existing challenges in the field should enable the development of a toolbox of light-controlled microswimmers readily available for various biomedical studies.


Seven cultivars of barley, oats and wheat were harvested at the mid-dough stage and stored in polyethylene-covered experimental silos of 700-kg capacity. Four steers weighing about 200 kg were fed each type of silage in order to determine voluntary intake and digestibility of energy and protein. The silages averaged 36.6% dry matter and 12.5% crude protein, with the wheat and barley silages containing significantly more protein than oat silage (P < 0.05). Digestibility of energy averaged 65.4%. The wheat and barley cultivars tended to contain higher digestible energy levels than oat cultivars. Digestibility of crude protein averaged 68.5% with no significant differences. Voluntary intake of dry matter (DMg/Wkg.75) was higher (P < 0.05) in oats than barley or most wheat cultivars. Intake of Glenlea wheat equalled Fraser oats and the unlicenced 1863–4 oat cultivar.


Potassium K+ is a fundamental actor in the shaping of action potentials, and its concentration in the extracellular microenvironment represents a crucial modulator of neural excitability. Yet, its employment as a neuromodulation modality is still in its infancy. Recent advances in the technology of ionic actuators are enabling the control of ionic concentrations at the spatiotemporal scales of micrometers and milliseconds, thereby holding the promise of making the control of K+ concentration a key enabling technology for the next generation of neural interfaces. In this regard, a theoretical framework to understand the possibilities and limits offered by such technology is pivotal. To this aim, we exploit the Hodgkin-Huxley modeling framework, augmented to account for the perturbation of extracellular K+ concentration. We leverage methods of bifurcation analysis to investigate which regimes of electrical activity arise in the space of the input variables, namely the extent of ionic actuation and the synaptic current. We show that, depending on the type of target neuron, switchings of the class of excitability may occur in such space. These effects could rule out the possibility of eliciting tonic spiking when the extracellular K+ concentration is assumed as a sole control input. Building upon these findings, we show in simulations how to address the problem of neuromodulation via ionic actuation in a principled fashion. In this respect, we account for a bidirectional scenario, namely from the perspective of both inhibiting and stimulating electrical activity. We then provide a first-order motivation for the switchings of neural excitability in terms of the conductances of the K+-selective channels. Finally, we introduce a Pinsky-Rinzel-like model to investigate the effects of performing the ionic actuation locally at the neural membrane. Author summary Neural interfaces rely on technologies to sense and perturb the electrical activity of neurons. For the latter aim, many strategies have been established to date, each one targeting a different actor involved in the electrophysiology of neurons. Examples include electrical, chemical, and optogenetic techniques. However, the main actors that shape neuronal signals, namely ions such as potassium K+, are still not directly targeted. Recent advances in bioelectronic technologies are enabling the manipulation of ionic concentrations as a viable strategy for neuromodulation, which we refer to as ionic actuation. These findings come mainly from the experimental literature, and the theoretical understanding of how ionic actuation can be used to shape neural activity is still lacking. This paper aims to help fill this gap, adopting the ionic actuation of K+ as a case study. Our results could guide the design and control of novel neural interfaces targeting the ionic composition of cellular fluids. Moreover, they may suggest novel therapies for pathologies related to impairments in the regulation of ionic homeostasis, such as drug-resistant epilepsy.


This work addresses the practical aspects of microwave antenna design and factors causing mismatch between measured and simulated results for a broadband antenna up to K band frequencies. Such lack of correlation is often attributed to non-uniform substrate material properties, fabrication tolerances, measurement errors and test environment. In this work, we investigate the effect of frequency dependent properties, choice of excitation port, dimensions and its influence on the return loss, mesh refinement and conformance, solution frequency, type and dimensions of the air box, surface roughness models, and effect of higher modes. The final design is based on careful implementations of the above mentioned factors into the simulation model and it demonstrates a very decent correlation between measured and simulated results. The antenna shows a measured −10dB bandwidth (BW) from 13 GHz to 26.5 GHz. Peak gain of 8.5 dBi and an antenna efficiency of 90% are recorded.


A generalised uncertainty analysis scheme for the captive trajectory system of the Medium Speed Wind Tunnel of the CSIR has been devised. The scheme uses the trajectory generation data reduction code to determine the uncertainty of a parameter. The scheme is implemented using Matlab, utilising the symbolic toolbox, the Maple kernel and object oriented concepts. The scheme represents the parameters as symbolic objects, allowing the scheme to determine the equations of derived parameters under consideration that are only dependent on system independent parameters from the trajectory generation data reduction code. A test case using a trajectory generated by the 1/15th scale stable store being released from the NACA wing-body model was performed to assess the implementation.


The purpose of the experiments to be described in this paper was to investigate whether the rat can synthesize the glyoxaline ring of histidine, if certain possible precursors are provided in the diet. It was first shown by Rose & Cox (1924) that a diet in which prottin was supplied in the form of a casein digest freed of histidine by silver precipitation could not support growth in young rats. This was later confirmed with synthetic diets (Rose, 1938). On the other hand Burroughs, Burroughs & Mitchell (1940) claimed that histidine is not necessary for the maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium in the adult rat, and Rose, Haines, Johnson & Warner (1943) found that a positive nitrogen balance could be maintained in man in the absence of dietary histidine. It appeared to us that these various and to some extent contradictory findings


Topological indices are the numerical values that can be calculated from a graph and it is calculated based on the molecular graph of a chemical compound. It is often used in chemistry to analyse the physical properties of the molecule which can be represented as a graph with a set of vertices and edges. Meanwhile, the non-commuting graph is the graph of vertex set whose vertices are non-central elements and two distinct vertices are joined by an edge if they do not commute. The symmetric group, denoted as Sn, is a set of all permutation under composition. In this paper, two of the topological indices, namely the Wiener index and the Zagreb index of the non-commuting graph for symmetric groups of order 6 and 24 are determined.


A lot of listening comprehension research has been done in China in recent years.Present circumstances of listening comprehension research including factors influencing listening comprehension,listening comprehension strategies and evaluation and test of listening comprehension were analyzed and summarized.The scholars' research results and implications were given and the future research directions were put forward.


The paper touches upon the analysis of disturbed lands various methods of reclamation on linear and site objects that make possible to minimise spending for recultivation work carrying out to achieve a desirable effect. It is noted the inexpediency of plank roads and wooden covering dismantling followed by the former road recultivation. It is suggested to use these roads as antifire ones; it will play a positive role in forest antifire protection. It is underlined the necessity of the highest possible potential possibilities utilisation of some disturbed lands for self-healing. The latter refers, in particular to seismic profiles, sites for wastes of saw-mills and woodworking as well as sand and clay extracting pits when their area is rat her small and when there exists no reliable source of their seed producing. Sometimes for the process of grass vegetation formation speeding and fertile soil layer formation, it is recommended grass sowing, leguminous plants in particular. The surface of the disturbed lands covering with a layer of sewage deposit is an effective method of recultivation as well. The latter is not only promoted fertile layer formation on the surfaces of dumps and some other types of disturbed lands but improves conditions of plants water nutrition playing the role of mulch. As the primary trend of reclamation in the Ural region, it is recommended to consider forestry main during the biological stage of ordinary pine forest plantations.


Yunnan comprehensive computer ability test for non-computer major college student has been holding for five years.The article traces the test from the year 2001 to 2005.Moreover,it also analyzes the orientation for fundamental computer education derived from the computer grade test,and put forwards some suggests for the fundamental computer education.


Complexity has become a major keyword when it comes to organization issues in Construction and Real Estate Management. Expressed via many different theoretical definitions, complexity in terms of management represents the part of organization which is simply not manageable. Therefore, reduction of complexity by separating a system into independent well-defined and well-controlled subsystems becomes a major task. However, since construction and real estate projects are becoming larger, encompassing higher volumes as well as higher numbers of participants and are nonetheless subjected to strongly limited time-frames and budgets on tight markets, efficient organization developed into the crucial issue to stand a competition successfully. On this background, engineering naturally focuses on saving costly resources, where the explicit value of a single measure can easily be derived from the cost of the resource and the duration of the therewith reduced time floats. This leads to well-known concepts, e.g. just-in-time-delivery, where a system is optimized with respect to physical resources as well as virtual resources like storage space or reserve time. However, as this strategy clearly saves explicit local resources, concurrently the coupling of processes via the required availability of physical and virtual resources, ranging from pre-products to decisions, plans and responsibilities, is strongly increased and, thus, complexity is reintroduced to a significant degree. This paper proposes an approach on the basis of Systems Theory providing an explicit measure to evaluate the increase of complexity in relation to possibly saved resources. Since cost of complexity are not given a priori but result from possible deviations, this article investigates the propagation of virtual uncertainties of real and abstract pre-products through a network of given complexity. On this basis, some general rules are derived allowing to maintain the balance between saving resources and the therewith increasing cost of the consequently rising complexity.


Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of Curculigo orchioides rhizomes (MEC) in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. Methods: In hepatotoxic rats, liver damage was studied by assessing parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in serum, and concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in both serum and liver. The effect of co-administration of MEC on the above parameters was further investigated. Histopathological study of the liver in experimental animals was also undertaken. Results: Hepatic damage as evidenced by a rise in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and GGT in serum, and also changes observed in other biochemical parameters in serum and liver showed a tendency to attain near normalcy in animals co-administered with MEC. The normal values for AST (IU/L), ALP (IU/L), protein (g/100 ml) and total lipids (mg/100 ml) In serum (i.e., 21.24, 71.04, 6.72 and 136.54 respectively) were found to alter towards values 33.61, 128.11, 4.83 and 266.91 in hepatotoxic rats.These parameters attained near-normal values (i.e., 23.82, 80.3, 6.22 and 152.24 for AST, ALP, protein and total lipids respectively) in MEC co-administered rats. Profound steatosis, ballooning degeneration and nodule formation observed in the hepatic architecture of CCl 4 treated rats were found to acquire near-normalcy in drug co-administered rats, thus corroborating the biochemical observations. Conclusion: The study substantiates the hepatoprotective potential of MEC.


We study spin dynamics of a spin-Peierls chain with nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor Heisenberg spin exchange interactions together with a gapped and dispersionless phonon. The dynamical spin correlation function and phonon excitation spectrum are calculated at zero temperature by using dynamical density-matrix renormalization-group method. We find a new spin excitation assisted by non-softening phonon. The excitation is located above phonon in energy and shows a dispersive feature with strong intensity near the momentum π. The phonon excitation spectrum is also influenced by the spin–phonon interaction. We discuss the possibility of observing the spin–phonon coupled features in inorganic spin-Peierls compound CuGeO 3 .


This study focuses on the deformation history and hydrocarbon plays of Late Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs of the Cordoba Platform and adjacent Veracruz Basin. Here, the buried Laramide thrust front accounts for one of the most mature petroleum provinces of Mexico. Three regional structural cross sections across the Cordoba Platform have been constructed using available surface and subsurface geological and geophysical data, from the Sierra de Zongolica in the west to the Veracruz Basin in the east. Forward kinematic modeling of these transects, using the Thrustpack software, allowed reconstruction of the burial history of potential source rocks. One-dimensional and two-dimensional thermal modeling (using the Genex, Gentect, and Thrustpack models) allowed reconstruction of the petroleum generation history (i.e., the maturation history of potential source rocks) and the thermal evolution of carbonate reservoirs, wherein only conductive heat transfer was considered. Maximum temperatures in the Late Cretaceous reservoirs of the Cordoba Platform probably never exceeded 60C. In contrast, the deeper duplexes located in the buried thrust front reached their maximum burial and peak temperature only very recently as a result of the Cenozoic subsidence history of the Veracruz Basin. This modeling showed that potential source rocks did not reach the oil window prior to post-Laramide episodes of burial. This means that hydrocarbons migrated essentially from east to west and upward from the Veracruz Basin and underthrusted foreland toward the productive duplexes of the buried Laramide thrust front. Microtectonic and diagenetic studies from outcrops helped in unraveling the importance of stylolite and (paleo)karst development and fracturing, and to better understand the structural control on the overall porosity and permeability of the reservoirs. Petrographic studies of outcrops and core material showed that the paleoenvironment accounts for the preservation of reasonably good matrix porosity in distinct lithofacies (i.e., in early dolomitized platform carbonates of the Orizaba and Guzmantla Formations, bioclastic wackestone to packstone in the Guzmantla Formation, and in slope breccias of the San Felipe Formation). An important factor controlling the development of secondary porosity in the Cordoba Platform carbonates appears to relate to two successive karstification episodes. The first episode was related either to global sea-level changes during the passive margin evolution or to the early development of a former Laramide flexural bulge, whereas the second karstification event postdates Laramide contractional episodes. Furthermore, hydraulic fracturing, which predates the development of bedding-parallel stylolites, is locally evidenced. They are interpreted to relate to vertical dewatering processes occurring in a dominantly extensional system. A second hydraulic fracturing postdates the bedding-parallel stylolites but predates the Layer Parallel Shortening (LPS) features. Overpressures during this second episode of hydraulic fracturing, which also locally affects the sealing strata, was mostly synchronous with the onset of the Laramide orogeny and occurred when the principal stress axis (1) was already horizontal. Deformation features accounting for secondary porosity developed during the Laramide orogeny. These still act locally as vertical conduits for the fluids and eventually display fair-to-good porosity and permeability, especially in the extrados and near the lateral anticlinal closures or at places where their overall orientation is consistent with the post-Laramide (modern) stress pattern.


Due to the increase of users' demand for wireless cellular connectivity, service provider is finding difficulty in allocation of resources for mobile nodes. In order to accommodate more number of users, the cell size in mobile wireless cellular networks is being reduced. Because of that bandwidth in each cell has become limited. Due to decrease of cell size, more number of handovers takes place. If bandwidth allocation to these handover calls is not done properly then dropping probability of handover calls will be increased. Also if sufficient bandwidth is not available to new calls, then blocking probability for newly generated calls will be increased. Dropping of handover calls is less desirable than blocking of new calls. Many schemes have been proposed to solve the problem in resource allocation. Presently available solutions are not enough to provide and maintain QOS (Quality of Service) for handover calls. In this paper we propose TDMA based dynamic channel allocation along with bandwidth window in heavy load conditions. We evaluated the performance for dropping probability for handover calls in busy traffic conditions. We applied bandwidth window, where the bandwidth window changes its size according to changing network traffic conditions. With this solution higher priority handover call (multimedia call) will get requested bandwidth, lower priority handover call (Data call) will get minimum bandwidth and probability of dropping of handover calls is reduced to minimum. More number of users will be able to get connected to network and service provider could generate more revenue.


Good practice requires the use of a 95 percent confidence interval which expresses estimates in a probability context that includes the estimate, the variance and a degree of probability (or confidence). Confidence intervals may also be expressed as a percentage of the mean estimate (IPCC, 2006). The width of a confidence interval is closely related to precision, a measure of the uncertainty addressed by the second IPCC criterion. Good practice requires that biases be identified and corrected to the extent possible, so that the uncertainty analysis can focus on quantification of the random errors with respect to the mean estimate. As such confidence intervals constructed using unbiased estimators satisfy both IPCC good practice criteria specified above (see section 5.1.5; GFOI, 2016).


Abstract : Surface combatants, with their ability to independently act as strike platforms and perform tactical ballistic missile defense, have become key elements of operational planning. As these combatants try to fulfill these new roles, in addition to satisfying traditional ones, there may be a shortage of available ships in theater to accomplish all the operational needs of planners. This paper discusses the operational utility of surface combatant forces to operational planners and warns of potential future operational overreach for the force.


The ultra-high X-ray energy resolution down to 3 eV full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the STAR Cryoelectronics MICA-1600 Microcalorimeter (Cal) Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) [1] provides more detailed spectral information than conventional semiconductor EDS, from 1 generation of Si(Li) detectors to current 2 generation silicon drift detectors, which have typical energy resolutions around 125 eV. The modern Cal-EDS has sufficient resolution to investigate chemical shifts, which so far has only been available by soft X-ray[2], WDS (or EPMA)-in-SEM and (Electron) EELS-in-STEM. Now, the development of Cal-EDS is the 3 generation of EDS [3], combining the speed and ease of use of EDS with resolution closer to WDS.


We present a system for identification and recognition of handwritten and typewritten text from document images using hidden Markov models (HMMs) in this paper. Our text type identification uses OCR decoding to generate word boundaries followed by word-level handwritten/typewritten identification using HMMs. We show that the contextual constraints from the HMM significantly improves the identification performance over the conventional Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based method. Type identification is then used to estimate the frame sample rates and frame width of feature sequences for HMM OCR system for each type independently. This type-dependent approach to computing the frame sample rate and frame width shows significant improvement in OCR accuracy over type-independent approaches.


Agent-based approaches to modelling complex systems and phenomena are becoming popular and are proving successful in a number of areas. However, the underlying basis of these techniques is sometime rather 'ad-hoc' and the models are often only applied to specific systems. This paper describes a general approach that is based on the use of fully general computational models, using a formal model of an agent and a rigorous approach to building systems of communicating agents within virtual environments, a technology which is, nonetheless, accessible to researchers in experimental biology and medicine. A collection of tools has been built which allow for efficient simulation of such systems and their visualisation. Included in this work is the implementation of the simulations on parallel clusters of computers to enable large numbers of agents to be simulated. Application areas where the method has been successfully applied include biology, medicine and economics. In the former the detailed models have led researchers to fundamentally new discoveries.


Establishment of Acacia is typically inhibited by hard seed coat. This study was conducted to evaluate effective seed stratification methods for fourteen Acacia species, using water (control), boiling water, sulphuric acid and mechanical scarification techniques. Highest germination was observed with sulphuric acid treatment. Average non-germinated seeds were 95% in the control. The highest germination percentage was recorded in A. victoriae, A. deanii ssp deanii, A. deanii ssp paucijuga, A. farnesiana, A. karroo, A. pruinocarpa, A. saligna under sulphuric acid treatment, A. ligulata, A. aneura, A. blakei, A. estrophiolata when using hot water, A. kempeana, A. pendula, A. sparsiflora using mechanical scarification. These results indicate the importance of proper seed stratification in Acacia species.


OBJECTIVE To determine the content of chlorogenic acid in Fuctus Mume by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).METHOD Kromasil C18 column was used with mixture of acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid(12∶88∶0.5) as the mobile phase at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min -1 with the detection wavelength at 327 nm.RESULTS The linearity of chlorogenic acid was well in the range of 0.033~1.602μg. The average recovery was 100.52%,RSD was 2.28%(n=6).CONCLUTION The method appeared to be simple, reliable, accurate and can be used to the quality control of Fuctus Mume.


Detected a very virulent strain GX8/99 of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus(vvIBDV) and its passage virus, and other virus strains come from different region, embryo virus ,cellular virus ,clonal virus,clinical disease material and other pathogen material by using rapid diagnosis strips of immune colloidal. The results revealed that the IBDV strips possessed of specificity,sensitivity which is higher than that of the AGP,celerity,briefness,and it does not require any professional skills or other reagents at all. It could recognize a variety of IBDV strains including attenuated and virulent viruses. It is provided a new test method for IBDV.


This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Good Corporate Governance, Company Size, and Profitability on Carbon Emission Disclosure in mining and manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling method. Data was collected through non-participant observation methods. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that good corporate governance has a significant positive effect on carbon emission disclosures. This indicates that the better the quality of corporate governance of a company, the higher the company's carbon emission disclosures. Company size has a significant positive effect on carbon emission disclosures. This shows that the size of the company affects the company's carbon emission disclosures. However, profitability has no effect on carbon emission disclosures. This shows that the high and low profitability of the company has no effect on the company's carbon emission disclosures.


ABSTRACT Papaya cultivation is widespread in Brazil, particularly in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo, where most commercial plantations are concentrated. Owing to the economic and social importance of papaya, the present study aimed to determine the explanatory variables between the genotypes of two cultivars: Golden (from the Soil group) and Tainung Nº 1 hybrid (from the Formosa group), cultivated under high temperatures and hydric stress. The genotypes containing more desirable agronomic characteristics were identified for use in plant genetic improvement programs. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to select the desirable genotypes for Golden and Tainung Nº 1 cultivars based on specific variables analyzed for two groups of variables; for group 1, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number were analyzed, whereas for group 2, the leaf and root dry mass, stem dry mass and fresh mass of 10 discs, fresh mass, and stem and root fresh mass were analyzed. When exposed to hydric and thermal stress, the Tainung Nº 1 cultivar outperformed the Golden cultivar for the evaluation characteristics selected for use in genetic improvement programs.


With the liberalisation and globalisation of today's economy, a lot of pressure has come on the manufacturing organisations in developing countries especially in India to perform better in the coming days. So performance of their manufacturing system processes has to be improved by using key enablers identified from literature of the continuous improvement approach. The present work has been taken up to look into the role of CI enablers and approach towards improving the performance of manufacturing industry of Northern India. CI enablers show both positive and negative potential on manufacturing performance parameters. Results indicated that customer relationship plays a significant role in improving manufacturing performance.


295 AGING As the world's population ages, dementia from Alzheimer's disease (AD) is projected to increase astronomically; individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are counted among those virtually guaranteed to develop AD pathology and, if they live long enough, AD dementia [1, 2]. DS is characterized by intellectual disability and for decades featured a high incidence of congenital heart abnormalities leading to early mortality. However, recent medical advances drastically improved the life expectancy in DS; more than a quarter of a million people living with DS in the United States are now projected to age long enough to develop AD [2].


Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) has emerged as a flexible and powerful framework for wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate the user fairness of downlink multi-antenna RSMA in short-packet communications with/without cooperative (user-relaying) transmission. We design optimal time allocation and linear precoders that maximize the Max-Min Fairness (MMF) rate with Finite Blocklength (FBL) constraints. The relation between the MMF rate and blocklength, as well as the impact of cooperative transmission are investigated. Numerical results demonstrate that RSMA can achieve the same MMF rate as Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) with smaller blocklengths (and therefore lower latency), especially in cooperative transmission deployment. Hence, we conclude that RSMA is a promising multiple access for guaranteeing user fairness in low-latency communications.


According to the fluoride plastic film production features,this article presents an online inspection scheme which uses multi-linear CCD to collect data in parallel,coordinating with selective pixel level image fusion algorithm,two-step strategy of rough detection and fine detection.In the selective pixel level image fusion algorithm,if there are no defects in the image,the image fusion will not be done.There are no defects in most areas,so this article chooses two-step strategy of rough detection and fine detection.The test result shows that it is a practical and fit defects inspection scheme, which can meet the need of fluorine plastic film on-line inspection.


We obtained some sufficient and necessary conditions of existence of faithful irreducible representations of a soluble group G of finite rank over a field k. It was shown that the existence of such representations strongly depends on construction of the socle of the group G. The situation is especially complicated in the case where the field k is locally finite.


This paper attempts to investigate the markets interdependence between the spot and futures markets in Asian emerging markets. The weekly data of closing price of stock index and settlement price of stock index futures in emerging country namely Hong Kong, Malaysia and Korea was collected as variables in this study. The data was collected for 5 years period started from 1st January 2005 until 31st December 2010. The model used in this study was Single Linear Regression as the estimator in this study. The study reveals that there are effects on relationship between the spot price and futures prices. The result indicates that there is a significant positive between the spot and futures price. Furthermore, the result reveals that emerging countries has a bidirectional relationship between that spot and futures markets. It means the spot and futures price are move proportionally together. The analysis on the correlation of futures markets return shows that futures markets are highly correlated with the spot markets. Overall there is a bidirectional relationship in spot and futures markets in Hong Kong, Malaysia and Korea and futures markets are highly correlated with spot markets. The result from this study can be used for predicting the price of spot markets and futures markets by the market participants especially investor and markets analyst.


In 1982 SAT proposed for the first time a second generation detector in the design of FLIRs for the TRIGAT program, since then different types of IR equipment have been developed on the basis of this technology: (1) An infra-red seeker for the MICA missile. (2) Three types of IRST: VAMPIR MB for naval applications, SIRENE for the Army and OSF for the Rafale aircraft. (3) Three thermal imagers: Condor 1 for the mast mounted sight equipping the long range anti tank system, Tiger installed on the sight of the medium range antitank system, and Condor 2 for the pilot sight of the TRIGAT French-German helicopter. Infra-red detectors are MCT IR-CCD focal plane arrays developed by SOFRADIR with the objective of the best standardization possible in spite of different configurations and specifications for each program. In this paper, we intend to present the main features of this technology for these programs and the advantages obtained by comparison with the first generation in terms of performance. Industrialization of these products is starting now, and a specific effort has been made to standardize the components, especially the driving and read out electronics. A set of ASICs has been developed to make compact detection modules including a detector in his dewar, a cooling machine, and a proximity electronic.


There has been a rise over the past several years in behavior problems among preschoolers. Young children who exhibit disruptive behavior are at increased risk of problematic outcomes later in life. Children from racial or ethnic minority groups and/or disadvantaged backgrounds may be at greater risk for behavioral problems. Therefore, interventions are needed before these behaviors become more entrenched. Parents of children with disruptive behaviors have reported higher parenting stress levels, which has a negative effect on parenting behaviors. Three models of parenting styles and behaviors are discussed, with a focus on the literature on African American parenting styles. To contribute to the literature addressing parenting training programs with African American populations, a case is presented as an example of the usefulness of an evidence-based behavioral family intervention with a low-income African American single parent family. Treatment recommendations are presented when applying evidence-based parenting programs with African American and other racial or ethnic minority groups.


Due to the pandemic of the COVID-19 infection, almost Japanese university were to move the classes online. Heretofore, there were canceled as a face-to-face gave the guidance for entrance ceremony, registering for the course and lectures except for special skill trainings. Almost university student had to join the classes from their room of the residence. Under in ordinary circumstances, it was free utilization of campus equipment as open space PC and library for their own learning. For the experienced student, it was prepared high performance computer in each laboratory. However there were expected up to about 90 minutes in a day by 5 frames, approximately totally 8 hours at the longest, and additional assignments of these lessons will be handled by telework in their room. Originally, it was hard to say that all university students were able to get telework in an appropriate environment, because of conditions precedent using campus equipment as schooling. Moreover, prolonged VDT work in improper posture cause to increase the frequency of ergonomic injuries and illnesses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the individual student environment of working for ICT in the rooms. The individual data from photo was classification desk, chair, chair with armrest or not, desk light, cushion for ergonomic evaluation as a guideline of Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The Data were collected over 300 students via cloud e-Learning system from May to December in 2020.There were 30% student who has no chair, using low table and sitting the floor. There were 23% student has used Japanese style low table called Chabudai for the attend their classes. The major findings out of this study, it was not enough the equipment for the long hours study in a day about 23% student from their room. There was significant difference population proportion teszt between male and female, using desk or low table. It was conducted an online questionnaire to over 300 university students in their 20s to investigate whether an appropriate working environment was established. Compare and evaluate with the ideal working environment and report the current situation. © MCCSIS 2021.All right reserved.


The following documents were discovered by Sir Aurel Stein in his last Central Asian expedition, in 1930. Since he was not allowed by the local authorities to bring anything out of the country on that occasion, these texts are edited from photographs. The originals are presumably not likely to be seen again.


We study the problem of arranging a set of n disks with prescribed radii on n rays emanating from the origin such that two neighboring rays are separated by an angle of 2π/n. The center of the disks have to lie on the rays, and no two disk centers are allowed to lie on the same ray. We require that the disks have disjoint interiors, and that for every ray the segment between the origin and the boundary of its associated disk avoids the interior of the disks. Let $\widetilde r$ be the sum of the disk radii. We introduce a greedy strategy that constructs such a disk arrangement that can be covered with a disk centered at the origin whose radius is at most $2\widetilde r$ , which is best possible. The greedy strategy needs O(n) arithmetic operations.

As an application of our result we present an algorithm for embedding unordered trees with straight lines and perfect angular resolution such that it can be covered with a disk of radius n3.0367, while having no edge of length smaller than 1. The tree drawing algorithm is an enhancement of a recent result by Duncan et al. [Symp. of Graph Drawing, 2010] that exploits the heavy-edge tree decomposition technique to construct a drawing of the tree that can be covered with a disk of radius 2 n4.


This article argues that a liberal cosmopolitan approach to feminist foreign policy reproduces existing relations of power, including gender power relations and Western liberal modes of domination. I suggest that a critical feminist ethic of care offers a potentially radical and transformative account of ethics as a basis for a transnational feminism – one that reveals and troubles the binary gender norms that constitute the international and which exposes the ways in which patriarchal orders uphold political hierarchies that obstruct the building of empathy and repairing of relationship. To illustrate this argument, I address the recent diplomatic crises faced by Sweden and Canada in their relationships with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Policymakers and diplomats must aim to build understanding by recognizing the material and discursive factors that have constructed, over time, the relationships between Saudi Arabia and Sweden/Canada, as well as the ways in which patriarchal structures – across the globe and at multiple scales – hinder the possibility of attentive listening and connection across borders. It is only through the prism of this relationship – where difference takes on meaning – that the more complex role of Western states in the contemporary system of transnational militarism is revealed.


Within the framework of the constructivist teaching and learning approach,this paper reports an empirical study of the students' participation pattern in college English classroom with 242 English majors from Binzhou University as the subjects.The research findings are as follows: the teaching model helps improve the students' proficiency and their all-around abilities of using English.


PATIENTS with untreated diabetes mellitus often demonstrate some elevations of plasma lipids. The increased blood concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids usually return to normal with treatment which improves glucose utilization. This report describes the occurrence of severe hyperlipemia associated with lipemia retinalis and xanthomatosis in certain diabetic patients treated with sulfonylurea compounds. In each instance, the control of the patient's hyperglycemia by the sulfonylurea was inadequate. These observations emphasize the importance of adequate follow-up of carbohydrate metabolism in patients treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. Methods Venous blood was drawn while the patient was in the fasting state unless otherwise noted. Blood glucose was determined by the method of Somogyi, 1 total lipids by the method of Folch, 2 FFA by the method of Dole, 3 cholesterol by the method of Abell, 4 and phospholipids by the method of Sperry. 5 Patients were hospitalized during the


The theory of the coordination degree has been viewed as an important way to research the degree of coupling between the regional economic,social development and environmental protection.Based on the theory,this paper established an indicator system,a model and a calculating method to study the coordination degree of the rim cities around the Pearl River Delta,which include 12 prefecture-level cities in east,west and north of Guangdong province.The results show that the coupled coordination degree of those cities varies,that means different cities are in various stages of sustainable development.Six cities,including Zhanjiang,Shaoguan,Maoming,Qingyuan,Yangjiang and Heyuan are in the stage of coordinative development.All the cities are classified into three types according to their level on economic development,social development and environmental development.The cities with a higher level on economic development than social development and environmental protection should promote their population concentration and industrial agglomeration.The cities with expansion of regional disparities and rapid economic development should improve the population bearing capacity of the central city,plan and construct sub-center,and accelerate suburb's economic development.The cities with high level economic development and low level environmental protection should strengthen the construction of regional ecological and environmental protection infrastructure.


In this study, the role of extracellular DNA in the establishment and maintenance of Salmonella biofilms was investigated. As a result of spectrophotometric measurements using PicoGreen® dye, it was determined that planktonic cells contain less eDNA compared to their biofilm counterparts. As a result of incubation at  20 °C for 24h, eDNA contents of planktonic Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 and DMC4 cells were determined as 206 ng/ml and 211 ng/ml, respectively. However, eDNA amounts increases to 313.18 ng/ml for SL1344 and 319.37 ng/ml for DMC4 at biofilm structure of the same strains. The effects of extracellular DNA (eDNA) released from biofilm cells and genomic DNA (gDNA) isolated from Salmonella cells on the biofilm formation in the bacteria were investigated using DNase I and Benzonase enzymes that digest DNA. In the experiments where both enzymes were applied, the active fragmentation of eDNA and gDNA resulted in a statistically significant (p <0,01) decrease in biofilm formation at the end of 24 hours compared to non-enzyme treated samples, but this effect disappeared after 48 hours of incubation.


InAs/AlSb/AlGaSb heterojunction backward diodes are promising detectors for millimeter-wave imaging applications due to their high sensitivity, low noise, and high cutoff frequency. By using a device heterostructure with a thin (11 Å) barrier layer, δ-doped cathode, and optimized AlxGa1-xSb anode composition (x=12%), in conjunction with submicron (0.4×0.4 μm2) active area, fabricated detectors have demonstrated DC curvatures of -47 V-1 and record unmatched sensitivities of 4600 V/W at 94 GHz. Impedance-matched sensitivities of 49,700 V/W at 94 GHz are projected from on-wafer S-parameter and sensitivity measurements. These detectors have measured junction resistances of 814 Ω·μm2 and capacitances of 15 fF/μm2. A record low NEPmin of 0.18 pW/Hz1/2 has been projected under conjugate matching conditions. This study demonstrates the potential of Sb-heterostructure backward diodes as ultra-low-noise millimeter-wave direct detectors.


A new method of lunar rover's location with lunar lander stereo vision is presented.Lunar lander stereo cameras are used to track rover motion by color image segmentation and image servo technology.Some character points are made on the Rover combined with moment invariants identificafion technology which improve probability of matching characters points with image.In order to satisfy the need of Rover location at any time,A Kalman filter algorithm is used.The experiment results show that this method is precise and robustness and can compensate the accumulate error of gyro system and odometer in Rover location system.


ECG monitoring device, ECG electronic module, and having an electrode patch having a plurality of electrodes in contact with the subject by conductive hydrogel, having an integral hand-held device. The release liner is to cover and protect the hydrogel prior to use, is removed to the hydrogel of exposure. The second release liner is removed to expose the pressure sensitive adhesive. Using adhesive, the apparatus is attached to the subject. The first and second release liner may be part of a single release liner layer. After use, the electrode patch is disposable, ECG electronic module is separated from the patch to be reused.


It has generally been assumed in psychological analyses of the reading process that ability to discriminate letters is a prerequisite for reading and that children of 6 yr., when they begin to read, can in fact distinguish one letter from another with reasonable accuracy. The relevant literature is summarized by Vernon (1957, pp. 20 ff.). Some studies have used drawing as a criterion, some naming, and Nome matching. No one study has traced the development of letter differentiation as related lo those dimensions or features of letters which are critical for the task and which may present more or less difficulty. A method of studying this problem was suggested by an experiment of Gibson and Gibson i 1955) in which children of two age groups and adults identified "scribbles" which were systematically varied on three separate dimensions (number of coils, compression, and orientation). The scribbles were somewhat comparable to strokes used in cursive writing. The results showed that the difficulty of the task was greater the younger the 5, that errors varied in number with the dimension varied, and that systematic variation along at least three dimensions was possible. It also showed that confusion errors (primary generalization) provided an effective criterion for measuring ability to differentiate line drawings of this t\pe. The present experiment was designed to t̂udy the development of the ability to discriminate visually a set of letter-like forms in children 4 through 8 yr. of age. The aim was not merely quantitative comparison of different age levels, but primarily a qualitative developmental study of types of error as related to certain critical features of letters. To secure information on qualitative changes, the plan was adopted of constructing


Various time-frequency analysis methods have been employed for the vibration signal processing of rotating machinery under time-varying speeds. However, most methods suffer from time-frequency blurriness, particularly for signals experiencing fast changes of instantaneous frequencies. Synchroextracting Transform is a powerful post-processing tool of time-frequency analysis; its results, nevertheless, greatly depend on the original time-frequency representation. This paper proposes a matching linear chirplet based synchroextracting transform to address the problem. Chirp-rate matching strategy is firstly developed to alleviate smearing problems of time-frequency representations, where the chirp-rates adaptively match true ones of signals with the guidance of kurtosis. The matching strategy is then integrated with synchroextracting transform to further sharpen the time-frequency representation. With enhanced energy concentration level and sharpened instantaneous frequency ridges, the readability of time-frequency representation can be improved, which is also echoed by more accurate extracted instantaneous frequency ridges. Rotating machinery fault diagnosis can then be realized based on the extracted time-frequency ridges.


textabstractCentral nervous system (CNS) tumors in children have a relatively high frequency. They are
the second most common form of cancer in childhood only exceeded by acute lymphoblastic
leukemia (ALL). However, prognosis is more severe and at present more children die because
of CNS tumor than of ALL. The incidence of CNS tumors is estimated 3.5 per 100,000 in children
below 15 years of age.1 Boys appear to be at greater risk than girls (1.1:1) and this ratio is even
higher in primitive neuro-ectodermal tumor (PNET), plexus papilloma, and germinoma (2:1).1
The most frequently occurring histological tumor type is astrocytoma (40-50%) followed
by medulloblastoma (15-20%), ependymoma (8-13%), and craniopharyngiomas (7-10%) as
shown in Table 1.2 Astrocytomas are classified according to increasing malignancy grade as
pilocytic, fibrillary, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma. The most common variant in
children is the pilocytic astrocytoma.


Phagocytes generate nitric oxide (NO) in large quantities to combat bacteria. The spore‐producing Gram‐positive organisms of Bacillus cereus family are causative agents from mild to a life threatening infection in humans and domestic animals. Our group have shown that glycoconjugates (GCs) activate macrophages and enhance killing of Bacillus spores. In this investigation, we will explore the effect of different GCs structures on NO production. The objective of this study is to study effects of GCs 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 on NO release upon exposure to B. cereus and Bacillus anthracis spores by macrophages. Our results demonstrated that GCs activated macrophages and increased NO production using studied GCs ligands compared to macrophage only (p<0.001). GC2 and GC8 were able to further increase NO production in macrophages compared to the B. anthracis spores treated macrophages (p<0.001). Our finding suggests that GCs could be used as potential mediators of NO production in macrophages to fight B. anthracis and oth...


Abstract: Single board microcomputers TP 801 with 280- CPU are widely used. But they have quite someshortcomings when used as teaching computers. Its very helpful for us to do a through study on singleboard microcomputers exploring the problems, and their causes as well as solutions.


The paper presents the results of electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling and simulation of quantum-sized semiconductor structures with quantum wells and delta-doped layers based on gallium arsenide. The experimental ECV data were obtained by superposition of measured capacitance-voltage characteristics during the gradual etching of the nanostructure. As a result of simulation, the concentration distribution and energy lineups for structures with delta-layers and quantum wells in gallium arsenide were calculated. The results of simulation are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results and data found in literature.


Three essential oil samples obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves and flowers of Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.) O. Kuntze Chev. collected in different localities, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. The plant was poor in essential oil content (0.05%). The three oil samples from Yaounde, Mbalmayo and Bafoussam, respectively, were found to be rich in hydrocarbons, particularly sesquiterpenes (63%, 71% and 63%), with germacrene-D (30%, 37% and 35%) as the major component. The oil samples from the forest zones of Yaounde and Mbalmayo were not markedly different from the sample from Bafoussam in the savannah zone. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The maximum yield of antioxidant activity of freeze-dried jackfruit seeds and pulps was optimized in experimental conditions using response surface methodology. Temperature (C), time (min) and solvent types (mL) were selected as three independent variables. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical), TPC (total phenolic content) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) were considered for the antioxidant activity. DPPH, TPC and FRAP values of seed ranged from 45-67.90 %, 2.27-5.42 mg GAE/100 g DM and 63.30156.39 mg AAE/100 g DM, respectively while those of pulp were 49-72.14 %, 2.109-5.02 mg GAE/100 g DM and 54.90-298.00 mg AAE/100 g DM respectively. The response surface optimization revealed that the optimum conditions for maximum antioxidant activity in seeds were at 65 C, 10 min and acetone as solvent with 8.76 % DPPH, 2.81 mg GAE/100 g DMTPC, 149.99 mg AAE/100 g DM FRAP and 0.99 desirability whereas that of pulp were at 50C, 10 min and acetone as solvent with 45.42 % DPPH, 3.06 mg GAE/100 g DMTPC, 129.05 mg AAE/100 g DM FRAP and 0.99 desirability. Extraction of antioxidants from jackfruit seed and pulp can be performed more efficiently up to the maximum yield by maintaining the optimum conditions pinpointed in this study.


In recent years, the importance of hypothalamic defence area (HDA) has attracted more and more attention. Many researchers demonstrated that HDA plays a very important role in cardiovascular and behavioral regulations. However, so far release of central neurotransmitters during excitement of HDA is unknown. The present study showed that stimulation of HDA could increase the contents of monoamines and their metabolites, especially the latter, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rabbits.


This paper will present design and experimental results on MEMS tuneable filters. Linearity, low loss and integration of these components into an RF tuneable filter are briefly presented in this summary.


Abstract : Wind tunnel sting support interference effects on dynamic stability derivatives, static pitching moment and base pressure of a blunt, 7-deg cone were investigated at subsonic and transonic Mach numbers. The cone was tested with sting configurations having a variable effective sting length ranging from 1 to 3.3 model base diameters, at angles of attack ranging from 0 to 30 deg. A forced-oscillation system was utilized to obtain data at a frequency of oscillation of approximately 5.3 Hz, and at an amplitude of 1 deg. The Reynolds number, based on model base diameter, was nominally 1.8 million, which produced a turbulent boundary layer over the aft portion of the model. The nature of the causes of these interference effects is discussed and analyzed with respect to sting length, type of measurement, and Mach number, with emphasis on defining critical sting length and on predicting minimal interference sting configurations for dynamic stability testing. The results showed that the critical sting length depended on the type of measurement used as the interference indicator, Mach number, and angle of attack. A critical sting length of three model diameters was determined to be suitable for all test conditions for the ratio of sting diameter-to-model base diameter (0.22) investigated.


AIM: To explore the activation effect of calcium ionophore A23187 on unfertilized human mature oocytes after conventional in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: Thirty-seven unfertilized mature oocytes from IVF and 41 after ICSI were included in our experiment. They were incubated in 5 μmol/L calcium ionophore A23187 for 5 minutes. Second polar body extrusion and pronuclear formation were recorded 12-16 hours later. The activated oocytes were cultured for another 2 days in vitro. RESULTS: Activation rate of unfertilized oocytes from conventional IVF and ICSI were 64.9%(24/37)and 73.2%(30/41), respectively. Among 41 unfertilized oocytes after ICSI treated with A23187, 30 were activated and 24 had 2 polar body (PB) and 2 pronuclear (PN). But for the unfertilized oocytes from conventional IVF only 20% activated oocytes had 2 PN and 2 PB. The percentage difference of oocytes containing 2 PB and 2 PN between the two groups was significant ( P 0.01). When all 31 activated oocytes containing 2 pronuclei were cultured in IVF-20 for additional 48 hours, 25 cleaved. Among them 11 developed to 2-4 cell stage, 8 to 4-8 cell stage and 6 to 8-cell stage. CONCLUSION: Calcium ionophore A23187 was effective in activating unfertilized human oocytes after IVF or ICSI. The activated oocytes had further developmental potential.


We often confuse praise and being nice and polite with appreciative, positive behavior and actions. However, the distinction between positive and negative is not so clear. Some seemingly negative behaviors and actions effectively evoke positive emotions and behavior. Criticism and honest candor can serve a positive function, helping us to learn and grow. This paper makes a case for critical care. Such communication is direct and specific but not malicious. The character of Dr. Bailey from the U.S. TV show Grey's Anatomy is used as an example of someone who demonstrates critical care. Key-words: Appreciation, criticism, language, positive emotions, praise


potentially serious mechanisms of injury to the cervical spine is forced flexion .5, Sprain, fracture, and dislocation can result in &dquo;nerve pinch,&dquo; quadriplegia, or even death. To date, proper coaching techniques, player conditioning, neck rolls, and high cantilevered shoulder pads have been the primary preventive measures. 1-3, 5-7 However, with the continued use of the head for blocking and tackling, these injuries persist with unrelenting frequency.', 5-7 Protective equipment for the prevention and management of flexion cervical injury has not been satisfactory .1, The neck roll is helpful in preventing lateral bending and hyperextension of the neck but is ineffective in preventing flexion. If the neck roll is reversed, some flexion can be prevented, but limitation of motion and inconvenience to the player make this a less than satisfactory solution.' The &dquo;bird cage&dquo; type of face mask can also limit flexion, but this, too, is


There are many factors, such as the dynamic nature of environments, which necessitate that robots should be able to learn new tasks and skills from their end-users. Although some algorithms, like Learning from Demonstration (LfD), have shown promising results in aiding the robotic learning process, other aspects, like their social effects, should be studied to facilitate their use. In this regard, we have conducted a study to determine whether the LfD method can affect the quality of the performance of a task. The parameters we examined in this paper include, but are not limited to, naturalness and understandability of the performed task. Also, to decrease the effect of people's expectations of the robots, we tried to have a reference point because of which the robot performed the pointing action with a simple method (i.e. an Inverse kinematic based method). After using these two methods to teach a robot to point to objects, the participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding those learning methods without knowing which action was performed by the LfD. After gathering the viewpoints of 36 participants, we found that the subjects believed that the LfD method reproduced natural and understandable movements. In a preliminary comparison, while both of the methods were understandable for the participants, the LfD method was found to reproduce significantly more natural tasks than the simpler Inverse kinematic based method. Also, the participants thought/believed that the LfD method was more reliable to teach new tasks, and they expected to see significant differences in the performance of complex high-level tasks learned by these two methods. Keywords—Learning from Demonstration (LfD), HumanRobot Interaction (HRI), Social Robot, TP-GMM, Naturalness, Understandability


................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................... xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................... p. 1 Research Questions ............................................. p. 10 Rationale ......................................................... p. 11 Limitations of the Study – Scope and Conclusions ........ p. 15 Chapter Outline ............................................. ... p. 16 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .................................. p. 19 Sociology: Theoretical Paradigms and Social Movements ...... p. 20 Inter-organizational Relations ............................ p. 27 Radical Flank Effects ...................................... p. 27 Framing .................................................... . p. 29 Communication Studies: Theoretical Paradigms and Social Movements ............................................... p. 32 Rhetorical Dimensions of Radicals and Moderates ... p. 36


Riverine ecosystems provide important ecosystem services reflecting their unique forms and functions. While the effects of stressors such as land cover change, climate change and growing economies on riverine ecosystem services (RES) have been well researched, the effect of the structure of the river network itself is less understood. This paper compares the capacity of different river network topologies in the delivery of selected RES. For three contrasting synthetic river network topologies (Long Trellis Narrow; Coastal Dendritic; Inland Dendritic), we applied simple functional equations to model six RES: water supply, hydropower generation, sediment retention, nutrient uptake, flood attenuation and aquatic habitat provision. Results showed that the synthetic topologies deliver different levels of RES, driven by their differences in physical structure. For example, the Inland Dendritic network removed more nitrate and better attenuated flooding due to its relatively longer lower reaches but offered poorer prospects for water supply because the longer reaches were more susceptible to transmission losses (e.g., due to bed seepage). This study provides a valuable first step in understanding the effect of river network topology on RES delivery, and the relative strengths among network types. Understanding these effects can aid decision makers in the conservation and restoration of degraded river basins to preserve RES for future generations.


Article history: Received 19 March 2017 Received in revised form 3 September 2017 Accepted 8 September 2017 In this study, the concrete consists of a mixture of self-curing agent, bottom ash, superplasticizer, water and cement. By adding self-curing agent in concrete, it can reduce water evaporation effect and therefore increase the water retention capacity of concrete compared with conventional concrete, which leads to, improved compressive strength. Bottom ash is the residue that is not capable of burning attached to the wall of the combustion process in the furnace. In previous studies, outcomes showed that the introduction of bottom ash to concrete could increase the level of hydration and compressive strength. The trend of self-curing concrete will be analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the lab scale testing will be conducted to determine the workability and mechanical properties by varying the percentage of selfcuring agent and bottom ash. The results reveal that Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) increase concrete workability and compressive strength compared to control mix. This promising result shows the potential of producing selfcuring concrete using bottom ash.


In electrical power engineering, elements such as reliability analysis, modeling, and optimization for complex systems are of the utmost importance. Although there exist myriad studies regarding reliability optimization with conventional methods, researchers are still seeking to find more efficient and accurate methods to address the issue of the redundancy allocation problem. To that effect, an ideal power energy management approach is put forward for the operation of a hybrid microgrid system with different kinds of productions. In the present study, we suggest three algorithms in order to optimize the series-parallel power energy system: the Firefly (FA), Bat (BA), and Interior Search (ISA) algorithms. Moreover, the reliability estimate of the system is solved with the Ushakov algorithm (UMGF). The components may completely fail, which decreases their performance rate. Furthermore, the optimization results are achieved using objective functions that include the total cost of the system, emission gases (NOX, SO2, and CO2) of the power production from fuel cells, diesel generators, and gas turbines, and take into consideration the dependability indices. Devices used in power subsystems are characterized based on their dependabilities, performances, capital costs, and maintenance costs. Reliability hinges on a functioning system, which naturally entails meeting customer demand; as a result, it is influenced by the accumulated batch curve. This method provides an idea with regards to the economic cost optimization of microgrid systems. Finally, we present the results of numeric simulations.


Prediction of neurally mediated syncope based on heart rate and pulse arrival time Christian Eickholt1, Thomas Drexel1, Jens Muhlsteff2,Anita Ritz1, Markus Siekiera1, Kiriakos Kirmanoglou1, Dong-In Shin1, Jan Balzer1, Tienush Rassaf1, Malte Kelm1, Christian Meyer1 Background: We previously presented a novel approach based on body-worn sensors to predict neurally mediated syncope (NMS). The aim of the present study was to prospectively validate this syncope warning system during head-up tilt table testing. Methods and Results: Simultaneous heart rate (HR) and pulse wave changes in 19 consecutive syncopepatients undergoing 70° head-up tilt table testing, generated a syncope risk score that triggered a syncope prediction alarm. The pulsearrival time (PAT) was defined as the time between the R-peak in theelectrocardiogram and the onset of the pulse wave in the photoplethysmogram. With a syncope prediction alarm based on HR and PAT, all syncopes were detected. No false alarm was generated in patients withnegative HUT. The mean duration between the syncope prediction alarm and the occurrence of syncope was 97±48s. Conclusions: PredictingNMS is feasible based on continous heart rate and pulse arrival timeanalysis. This approach might improve NMS management.


The mechanistic understanding of the processing-structure-property relations in ductile iron is still far from complete. One reason is that the impact on the mechanical properties of some of the microstructural features arising from the casting process can be hard or even impossible to investigate using experimental methods alone. The present work shows that a solution can be the synergistic combination of X-ray tomography, digital volume correlation (DVC) and finite element modelling, which are applied here to study the effect played by the Si micro-segregation and local residual stresses upon mechanical loading. First, miniaturized tensile and compact tension specimen are loaded incrementally while imaging with X-ray tomography. Then, the micro-scale displacement is reconstructed with DVC and used to prescribe the boundary conditions in high-fidelity 3D finite element models of the microstructure. Simulations are run considering or not the formation of the local residual stresses and build-up of micro-segregation during manufacturing. The numerical predictions are compared to the corresponding experimental data both at the macro-scale – applied load – and at the micro-scale – strain field reconstructed with DVC. This allows for a first assessment of the impact of the local residual stresses and Si micro-segregation on the mechanism of tensile deformation as well as of crack propagation of ductile iron.


An experimental study has been performed to investigate the ice formation phenomena of water flow between two horizontal cooled parallel plates. A detailed and comprehensive investigation of the morphology of the ice-structure is given. It is shown that the different shapes of ice-layers can be classified with the help of a Θc - ReD diagramm. The regions for which a certain type of ice-layer occures are clearly separated.


The process of double oxide Dy2O3-HfO2 nanocrystallites formation upon annealing to 1600°C was investigated with the combination off few X-ray and synchrotron methods. XRD and PDF show the mean crystal structure to be fluorite typical for the compounds of Ln2O3-MeO2 type. The ordering of structure and the growth of nanocrystallites upon annealing was estimated independently from XRD patterns, PDF functions and SAXS scattering curves. Neither transition to pyrochlore phase, nor signs of recently shown in related Gd2O3-HfO2 compounds pyrochlore-type superstructure is observed. However, EXAFS and the short range order of PDF clearly indicate the discrepancy between Dy and Hf local environment. Such a disorder of local crystal structure cannot be described by the fluorite model.


Aim: The aim of the study was to create an awareness of varicose veins among security guards. Background: Varicose veins are swollen, twisted, and sometimes painful veins that have filled with an abnormal collection of blood which is commonly seen in workers who does their job for standing longtime. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 73 security guards working in a specialized hospital using nonprobability purposive sampling using a valid structured knowledge questionnaire. Results: In this study, majority of the subjects (46.6%) were in the age group of 41 years', majority (83.6%) were standing during work, and working hours is 98.6%. The computed P values of the baseline variable, posture during work (χ² =6.075; P = 0.048*). Whereas, the baseline variable such as age (χ² = 7.085; P = 0.131), sex (χ² = 0.313; P = 0.576), education(χ² = 6.140; P = 0.105), experience (χ² = 2.825; P = 0.244), total hours of working (χ² = 1.485; P = 0.233), duration of standing (χ² = 1.562; P = 0.668), shift changes (χ² = 4.930; P = 0.085), and previous knowledge (χ² = 1.485; P = 0.223) is more than 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: The duties and responsibilities of security guards are different in different areas. The result of this study helped to provide general information about varicose veins among security guards which will give baseline knowledge to the health professionals so they can suggest good health practices and promote good general health.


Mobile devices have become tools we spend our free time where we carry them with us every moment, they allow us to interact with the environment, we immortalize the moment when necessary. These devices which we spend most of our daily life become very common in recent years and even there are unique business areas emerged. It was announced that the number of people using smartphones is over than 2.5 billion in the first quarter of 2016. As people become more addicted to mobile technology, they become the target of malevolent people. A huge increase in the number of mobile malware is observed as the number of the users increase. Billions of users at risk day by day due to the development of the methods. We have addressed the recent methods used and the types of malware that target mobile devices in our study. We have mentioned the proxy server and reverse proxy server operation logic. We discuss the method of turning mobile devices into reverse proxy servers, risks involved and protection methods.