Packet forwarding in the Internet routers is to find out the longest prefix that matches the destination address of an input packet and to forward the input packet to the output port designated by the longest matched prefix. The IP address lookup is the key of the packet forwarding, and it is required to have efficient data structures and search algorithms to provide the high-speed lookup performance. In this paper, an efficient IP address lookup algorithm using binary search is investigated. Most of the existing binary search algorithms are not efficient in search performance since they do not provide a balanced search. The proposed binary search algorithm performs perfectly balanced binary search using switch pointers. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using actual backbone routing data and it is shown that the proposed algorithm provides very good search performance without increasing the memory amount storing the forwarding table. The proposed algorithm also provides very good scalability since it can be easily extended for multi-way search and for large forwarding tables


Neonatal sepsis is an infection that can cause severe clinical symptoms. According to the data from Kemantan Community Health Center in 2020, there were 2 cases of babies dying from neonatal sepsis and in 2021 there were 5 babies diagnosed with sepsis. The purpose of this study was determine The Effect of Neonatal Sepsis Booklet on Mother's Knowledge and Ability to Prevent Neonatal Sepsis at Kemantan Community Health Center in 2021.The type of this study was a Quasi Experiment with a one group pre-posttest design. It was conducted on January 2021 at Kemantan Community Health Center in 2021. The population was pregnant women with gestational age >36 weeks. Therewere 30 people that chosen as the samples. The data was analyzedby the Shapiro Wilk normality test and the T-Test with 95% confidence degree.The results showed that the average value of mother's knowledge before being given a booklet was 57.56, SD + 11,545. After being given a booklet, they were 68.44 and SD + 8.916. While the average value of the mother's ability to prevent neonatal sepsis before being given a booklet was 5.76 and SD + 1.184. After being given a booklet, namely 7.63 and SD + 1.752. The results of the statistical test showed that there was an effect of giving booklets on increasing maternal knowledge and mother's ability to prevent the incidence of neonatal sepsis at Kemantan Community Health Center in 2021 with a p value of 0.000 <α (0.05). It is expected that midwives will be able to provide counseling using various and easy-to-understand media to increase mothers' interest in knowing health information.

Keywords         : Booklet, Neonatal Sepsis, Knowledge

References       : 49 (2009 – 2021)


Key Points • Recognize that correlations exist not only among cost elements in a project but among the cost elements in different projects in a program. • As correlation grows, the probabilistic cost distribution curve broadens (higher standard distribution), requiring higher budgets at a given confidence level. • As the number (n) of correlated activities in a project or projects in a program grows, so too does the variance in total project costs (proportional to n at higher n). Correlation effects increase with the number of cost elements in a project or projects in a program. • In the absence of any correlation, the probabilistic cost distribution narrows as the number of activities or projects increases (proportional to 1/√n). • Correlation does not change the expected costs of individual cost elements, but instead only changes the "portfolio" standard deviation. • The behaviors in schedule risk analysis depend on whether tasks/projects are executed serially, rolled up, or executed in parallel. • Some sources of correlation are identified and recommendations provided.


This paper combines the text books and technical handbooks from foreign countries with personal experiences to see the developed countries how to deal with the manufacturing crafts, and states the importance of manufacturing crafts from the long term personal experiences of design and manufacturing.


We report on fine tuning of phase matching conditions by using high pressure argon gas and demonstrate tunable twin beams in hollow-core photonic crystal fibre and tunable third harmonic generation in tapered fibre.


Liquation cracking in the partially melted zone (PMZ) of full-penetration welds of Alloy 61)61 (AlI Mg-0.6Si) was investigated. The PMZ is the region outside the fusion zone where grain-boundary liquation occurs during welding. Circularpatch welds of Alloy 6061 were made by gas metal arc welding with both filler metals 5356 (AI-SMg) and, 4(143 (AI-SSi), and the dilution was about 66%. Liquation cracking occurred with 5356 but not 4(/43. Curves of temperature (T) vs. fraction solid (fs) were calculated for 1) the PMZ (same as the base metal) of Alloy 6061 and its welds made with filler metals 5356 and 4043, and 2) the PMZ of Alloy 6082 (AI-0.7Mg-0.gsi) and its welds made with filler metals NG61 (similar to 5356) and NG21 (similar to 4043). Various dilution levels were covered. All curves were based on the multicomponent Scheil model and temperature-dependent equilibrium partition ratio k and liquidus slope m L. They were compared with the experimental results in the present study on 6061, in Metzger's study on 6061 (Ref. 3), and in Gittos and Scott's study on 6082 (Ref. 5). It was found that weld metal fs > PMZ fs during PMZ terminal solidification in welds that liquation cracked, and that weld metal fs < PMZ fs throughout PMZ solidification in welds that didn't crack. Therefore, the following is a necessary condition for liquation cracking to occur: The weld metal that is solidifying, contracting, and pulling the PMZ must have a higher fs (or more precisely, a higher strength) than the PMZ during PMZ terminal solidification. This condition is more realistic than that of Gittos and Scott based on the equilibrium solidus temperature because nonequilibrium solidification, which prevails in weldC. HUANG and S. KOU are re,?~ectil'ely Graduate Student and Profi'ssor in the Dq~arlment qf Materials Science and Enginee#'iptg, University o1' Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. ing, can be considered through f~. This condition was applied to liquation cracking in: 1) full-penetration AI-Mg-Si welds, including explaining the well-known opposite effects of 5356 and 4043 on liquation cracking; 2) multipass A1-Mg-Si welds of thick plates, where the dilution is lower than that in full-penetration welds (sheet material); and 3) full-penetration AI-Cu welds, as well. Introduction Aluminum alloys are known to be susceptible to liquation cracking. Liquation and liquation cracking in aluminum welds have received much attention (Refs. 1-20). They occur in the partially melted zone (PMZ) the region immediately outside the fusion zone where the material is heated above the eutectic temperature (or above the solidus temperature if the workpiece is solutionized before welding) (Ref. I). Liquation occurs along the grain boundary as well as in the grain interior. Because of grain-boundary liquation, cracking can occur along grain boundaries under tensile strains during welding. Significant tensile strains are induced in the workpiece when it is restrained and unable to contract freely upon cooling during welding. The weld metal composition is determined by the base-metal composition, the filler-metal composition and the dilution


Introduction: Breast arterial calcification (BAC), detectable on mammography, has emerged as a potential risk stratification tool and surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease that comes with no a...


Objective To learn the occurrence and characteristic of ADR caused by Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)injections,and to provide information for rational drug usage in clinical practice,through analyzing 313 ADR reports during 2007~2008 in Maoming area.Methods A total of 313 ADR reports associated with TCM injections received in 2007~2008 in Maoming area were retrospectively analyzed.Results Most of ADR are mainly caused by cerebrovascular drugs.High ADR occurrence was observed in the pediatric patients.The main symptoms of ADRs were general disorders.Conclusion ADR cause by TCM injections should be concerned,and ADR should be intensively monitored.


The subject of investigation were 3940 buffaloes from the Murrah breed, raised at the dairy farm of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana for the period 1971–2010 to study the culling pattern in them from an organized herd. The reasons for culling were classified into: low milk production; reproduction related problems; health type; disease; senility and miscellaneous conditions. The part of buffaloes culled for low milk production was the biggest 30.77%, followed by reproduction related problems -30.39%, old age-14.76%, disease -9.64%, health type -8.89% and miscellaneous condition accounted for 5.55% and it was found that culling has significant effect on period, season and parity (p < 0.05).


The invention relates to a process for producing a low voltage discharge between one or more thermionic cathodes (3) provided in a cathode chamber (1) and an anode (38, 36) provided in a vacuum treatment chamber (11) connected to the chamber (1) by means of a diaphragm device (9). According to this method, a spark formation at portions (17) limiting the interior of the chamber (11) around the device (9) is at least substantially prevented by using a screen (20) which operates with a floating electric current and which is maintained with respect to the portions (17) at a distance forming darkroom. The invention also relates to a method for initiating said discharge, a vacuum processing installation and a cathode chamber, and uses thereof and said methods.


When and if fully developed, the Athabasca tar sands could make both Canada and the U.S. substantially independent of all offshore supplies of crude oil for many years to come. Its product, a high-quality, low- sulfur synthetic crude, is beginning to enter the market place at a most favorable time. The general conditions encountered in this potentially prolific oil-producing area are reviewed. Of the over 700 billion bbl in place, something in the order of 400 billion bbl of raw oil is considered recoverable, from which about 300 billion bbl of upgraded synthetic crude is expected to be produced. Oil extracted from the tar sands is often referred to as bitumen. It is a black, naphtenic-based hydrocarbon which has a specific gravity of about 1.01 and viscosity which ranges from 3,000 to several hundred thousand poise at 60$F. The sulfur content of the bitumen is relatively high, ranging from 4 to 6%. As an added disadvantage, the bitumen has a relatively high nickel-vanadium prophyrin content. Engineering, planning, and final economic evaluation of the Syncrude plant (100,000 bpd) are now well underway. The objective data for startup is still set for mid-1976.


The continuous growth of smart communities and everincreasing demand of sending or storing videos, have led to consumption of huge amount of data. The video compression techniques are solving this emerging challenge. However, H.264 standard can be considered most notable, and it has proven to meet problematic requirements. The authors present (BPMM) as a novel efficient Intra prediction scheme. We can say that the creation of our proposed technique was in a phased manner; it's emerged as a proposal and achieved impressive results in the performance parameters as compression ratios, bit rates, and PSNR. Then in the second stage, we solved the challenges of overcoming the obstacle of encoding bits overhead. In this research, we try to address the final phase of the (BPMM) codec and to introduce our approach in a global manner through realization of decoding mechanism. For evaluation of our scheme, we utilized VHDL as a platform. Final results have proven our success to pass bottleneck of this phase, since the decoded videos have the same PSNR that our encoder tells us, while preserving steady compression ratio treating the overhead. We aspire our BPMM algorithm will be adopted as reference design of H.264 in the ITU.


The purpose of this work is to characterize the combustion of little samples of some well-known polymeric materials, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, in an atmosphere of quiescent hot air at different temperatures. The analytical treatment of this problem, which is a heat and mass transfer one with chemical reaction between pyrolysis and oxidizer gases, is based upon the fact that the burning regime is diffusion controlled. A mathematical approach developed from Spalding's theory, taking into account radiative effects, is applied to this model of combustion. Experimental results allow us to determine the apparent heat of combustion of these different materials and to study the evolution of radiative and convective fluxes.


Improving road traffic safety, or reducing the number of accidents, especially those with serious consequences, is one of the most important activities in developed countries in the European Union. The article first describes the system of proposed road safety verification measures for Southeast Europe. Based on the experience gained in the implementation of safety audits and inspections on motorways and main roads in Bosnia and Herzegovina, recommendations for the improvement of certain stipulations of the existing Regulation on the basic conditions that public roads outside settlements and their elements must meet from the point of view of traffic safety are given. The need for a more accurate and detailed definition of elements of cross section and horizontal and vertical alignment in the design phase was particularly highlighted in order to avoid the necessary interventions to improve safety in the exploitation phase.


However, there seems to be little or no political debate on job creation. This presented an opportunity to agree a consensus view and unifying, practical vision on how the country can transform and create jobs. A new extensive study carried out in January 2017 examined what can be done to ease Nepal's constraints to job creation, based on a new firm-level survey in four promising sectors: agro-processing; light manufacturing; information and communication technology (ICT); and tourism. The study examined major constraints to the firm-level growth and the Nepalese labour market in terms of labour market tightness and labour market skills and proposes general recommendations as well as sector-specific policy suggestions.


Layered multicast is the general recommended approach for dissemination of audio and video in heterogeneous network environments.The main problem in Layered multicast application is congestion control.The goals and the basic problems in layered multicast congestion control are analyzed.Several existing layered multicast congestion control protocols are discussed and the methods they used to solve the problems are emphatically analyzed.


At the beginning of the XX century, France boasted a very advanced motorcar industry. The quality of French roads was a significant asset to the development of this industry. Indeed, at that time the French road network was considered to be the most wonderful in the world. But traditional roads proved inadequate for motorcar traffic. Thus, some projects for special roads for motorcars were proposed around 1905. Nevertheless, for economic reasons, civil engineers chose not to built such roads but to upgrade the existing network. Around 1925, as the number of cars increased phenomenally, some new projects for motorways were proposed. French engineers considered that motorways could be used either to link two distant cities or to facilitate traffic around cities. But none of those projects ever materialized and French administration continued upgrading the existing network. This was a demonstration that this network had sufficient capacity to absorb the demand of traffic. Around 1935, major cities such as Paris increased by such proportions that it became necessary to institute a regional planning administration. It was within this framework that the first motorway projects were decided. One case in particular was that of the motorway located west of Paris. Work began on this road in 1937 but was interrupted by the war in 1939. It was only around 1960 that a real motorway network would finally be built in France.


In most drug formulations except injections, the drug must be absorbed through skin or epithelial mucosa. The drug may have a local effect in the skin, mucosae or their surrounding area, or a systemic action after taking up by the local vessels to migrate into the systemic circulation. Sustained drug action can be achieved by controlling the drug release from the formulations. Much success has already been made in the oral and topical formulations. On the other hand, increase in the transdermal and transrrnucosal absorption is achieved by enhancement of the membrane permeability. Prodrug approach, use of chemical enhancers and application of iontophcresis are the examples to improve the absorption rate of drugs. Active transport of drugs through the membranes has also been paid attention, since biological or biotechnological advances were made on the drug transporters in the epithelial membranes. Broad and active efforts for the moment on this area may give future development of many transdermal and transmucosal DDSs.


In the last years, educational technology has advanced tremendously. Increasing numbers of schools and universities are embracing online learning to serve their students better. As a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, students now have more flexibility in their study schedules and may work at their speed to better themselves. AI-based proctoring solutions have also grabbed the industry by storm. Online proctoring systems (OPS) generally employ online technologies to ensure that the examination is conducted in a secure environment. A survey of current proctoring systems based on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning is presented in this work. There were 41 publications listed from 2016 to 2022 after a comprehensive search on Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE archives. We focused on three key study questions: current approaches for AI-based proctoring systems, techniques/algorithms to be employed, datasets used, and cheating detection methods suggested in such systems. Analysis of AI-based proctoring systems demonstrates a lack of training in using technologies, methodologies, and more. To our knowledge, Machine Learning or Deep Learning-based proctoring systems have not been subjected to such a study. From a technology standpoint, our research focuses on detecting cheating in AI-based proctoring systems. New recently launched technologies are included in this review, where these technologies potentially substantially influence online education and the online proctoring system.


Essential oils have significant antimicrobial activities and can successfully replace antibiotics that show their inefficiencies against resistant microorganisms (Jonkers, 1999). The objective of this study is to develop the use of essential oil of savory mountains to struggle against urinary tract infections. The extraction is carried out by hydrodistillation. Analysis of essential oils is performed by GC / MS. The antibacterial activity is highlighted by the diffusion on agar medium method. The results showed that the essential oil of savory mountains is liquid pale yellow colored, having an aromatic odor, fresh and camphor and chemotype carvacrol (20.85%). Moreover, aromatogram indicates a very important activity of this essential oil on the growth of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection. The MIC obtained for all the strains tested is that of the crude extract, with a value of 0.1 g / l. In view of these results, the essential oil of savory mountains seems to be appropriate to treat urinary tract infections.


The present invention is the average waiting time and the blocking rate of each of the cores corresponding to the Bayesian learning (bayesian learning) and Gaussian process, the first obtaining unit, the acquired utilization for obtaining the utilization of each core based on the regression (gaussian process regression) the obtained second obtaining unit, the obtained average waiting time and the selector and the selection to select the target processing (target processing) and a destination core (destination core) of the source core (source core) on the basis of the obtained blocking rate for source core to extract a target processing the selected control to disable the source core and, CPU utilization of a control unit for controlling such that the destination core by migrating (migrating) the selection of the extracted target processing control apparatus and method for It discloses.


The management of endotracheal tubes covers a large part of work time of nurses involved in the care of children. These procedures, although continuously performed, have not yet been scientifically demonstrated. At many times nurses rely on deterioration in the patient's condition to indicate when suctioning is required. Hence practice guidelines and education is necessary for pediatric ICU staff nurses on ET tube suctioning. Keeping this in mind, a quasi-experimental study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding ET tube suctioning among pediatric ICU staff nurses in selected Hospital at Bangalore.


By means of computer‐controlled liquid‐phase epitaxy, multiple‐quantum‐well InP‐In1−xGaxP1−zAsz (x∼0.13, z∼0.29) heterostructures of uniform well (Lz∼160 A) and coupling barrier size are grown and are examined in photoluminescence. Laser operation (77 °K) of a six‐well five‐barrier undoped quaternary quantum‐well heterostructure is identified an LO phonon energy (1×h/ωLO∼30 meV) below the lowest confined‐particle transitions (No. 1 e→hh, E1) or at energy h/ω∼E1−h/ωLO.


Morbidity and mortality rate in Early Onset Dini (EOS) is still high.The aim of this study is to examine the role of MBL serum level in EOS. The study design was a cohort prospective study was conducted at dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital and St. Fatimah hospital from May 2012 until Agustus 2013. The population included newborn baby whose mother has risk factors of sepsis and admitted to dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital and St. Fatimah Hospital. Blood sampling was done soon after birth and then we observed the subjects in 72 hours. There were 95 samples, with 14 subjects became EOS and 81 subjects remained health. We recollect EOS group who has at least 2 A categories (respiratory distress and body temperature instability). MBL serum level was lower on EOS group than without EOS group with the cutoff point o f ≤ 0,3 µg/mL is the best level to distinguish between EOS and without EOS (p = 0,000, sensitivity 100%, specificity 98,77%, positive predictive value 83,33%, negative predictive value 100%, OR 6, 95%CI 1,003-35,908). EOS (with respiratory distress and bod y temperature instability) is six times more frequent in ne wborn baby with MBL serum level ≤ 0,3 µg/mL.


Objective To observe the effect of Mifepristone compatible with misoprostol for vacuum asporation. Methods Observe groop:100 women who pragnacy with 7 to 10 weeks and desire to end the pragnacy were given Mifepristone 75 mg by mouth on an empty stomach every morning for two days and were given misoprostol 400 μg by anus on the third day before vacuum asporation. Control groop:100 women with the same conditions were injected Lidocaine 5 ml by cervix on operation. The degree of cervix chalasia, degree of pain, incidence of artificial abortion syndrome, incidence of accrecio of uterus and cervix, hemorrhage amount and side reaction of drugs were observed.Results There was a significant difference in the the degree of cervix chalasia, degree of pain,incidence of artificial abortion syndrome,incidence of accrecio of uterus and cervix between observe groop and control groop(P0.01).There was no significant difference in hemorrhage amount between two groops(P0.05).A few women in two groops had light side reaction of drugs and disappeared soon.Conclusion The method of Mifepristone compatible with Misoprostol for vacuum asporation is convenient, safety and effective which deserves generalization in clinical.


The invention relates to a coarse grain architecture component, dynamically reconfigurable, for the data processing by the processing units arranged in rows and interconnected so as to allow a pipeline processing or parallel or dependent rows mode. All types of data can be processed and the component can handle multiple applications simultaneously. The choice of grain control on several levels with limited control interconnect resources and data distribution circuitry permit local reconfiguration or entire component in one clock cycle.


Numerical simulation of human milk flow inside the breast ductal system is carried out to investigate the impact of milk flow properties, specifically viscosity, on the flow regime. The geometry of the ductal system is assumed as a rigid body with six bifurcation levels. The vacuum pressure, obtained from clinical investigations, is applied as boundary conditions for numerical analysis. The simulations are performed by considering both Newtonian and Non-Newtonian milk flow properties. The streamlines of velocity fluid, wall shear stress, and milk flow expression for these two models are discussed. The results show that the non-Newtonian fluid has a higher magnitude of velocity compared to the Newtonian fluid, which leads to a greater amount of milk expression.


From March, 1982 to the end of February, 1983, ADRs of psychotropic drugs in long-term psychiatrie inpatients at the Bezirkskrankenhaus Haar were registered in order to compare the relative frequency, kind and severity of ADRs in long-term psychiatrie patients to the results in acute patients. application of a drug to one patient independent of the duration of treatment with this special drug (Grohmann et al. 1980).


In order to study the chemical characteristics and age of the granodiorite at Dazhanchang in the south section of Helanshan, the geological features, rock types and chemical composition of rock were analyzed. The results showed that indosinian granodiorite exposed at the Dazhanchang in the south section of Helanshan is mainly composed of monzonitic granite, quartz monzonite, granodiorite and quartzdiorite, the lithofacies zonation are not obvious. The average chemical composition of the rock is similar to Chinese granodiorites,especially to that of south China. Rittmann index,alkalinity ratio and Peacock index show it is geochemistry of calcium and calc-alkalic rock series. K/N and degree of aluminium saturation implicits its rock type of peraluminous and subaluminous. felsic index (FL) and differentiation index (DI) reflects the character of medium-acidic rock and high magmatic differentiation. REE character also reflects the character of high magmatic differentiation and middle-late magma. The Oxygen isotope,coming from the crust,reflects its high δ (18O) character. This character is similar to the S-shape granite of Nanling China. Rockbody forming age in this area is the indosinian granodiorite (late triassic epoch),according to its TIMS U-Pb age(223±26 Ma) and the structural unconformity facts of its intruding into medial and lower Ordovician Miboshan Fm and the Middle Jurassic Yanan Fm. It Can provide information on relevant research in the region.


A minimax methodology for formulating adaptively robust and sensitive matched filter and subspace detectors is provided, where the signal and interference of structured noise are partially known. The signal and interference subspaces are assumed to reside in conical regions of the measurement space, and the gain parameters can have bounded magnitude. It is shown that the minimax approach permits the design of a rich variety of matched filter and subspace detectors that vary in the degree of robustness and sensitivity.


The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the equatorial Pacific is the dominant mode of global air‐sea carbon dioxide (CO2) flux interannual variability (IAV). Air‐sea CO2 fluxes are driven by the difference between atmospheric and surface ocean pCO2, with variability of the latter driving flux variability. Previous studies found that models in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) failed to reproduce the observed ENSO‐related pattern of CO2 fluxes and had weak pCO2 IAV, which were explained by both weak upwelling IAV and weak mean vertical dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) gradients. We assess whether the latest generation of CMIP6 models can reproduce equatorial Pacific pCO2 IAV by validating models against observations‐based data products. We decompose pCO2 IAV into thermally and non‐thermally driven anomalies to examine the balance between these competing anomalies, which explain the total pCO2 IAV. The majority of CMIP6 models underestimate pCO2 IAV, while they overestimate sea surface temperature IAV. Insufficient compensation of non‐thermal pCO2 to thermal pCO2 IAV in models results in weak total pCO2 IAV. We compare the relative strengths of the vertical transport of temperature and DIC and evaluate their contributions to thermal and non‐thermal pCO2 anomalies. Model‐to‐observations‐based product comparisons reveal that modeled mean vertical DIC gradients are biased weak relative to their mean vertical temperature gradients, but upwelling acting on these gradients is insufficient to explain the relative magnitudes of thermal and non‐thermal pCO2 anomalies.


The present study was carried out at the Instructional Farm, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India during 2017-2018. The material for the present study comprised of 37 genotypes of tomato. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications for each treatment. Quantitative character were recorded such as plant height (cm), Number of primary branch, Days to 1st flower, fruit weight (g), equatorial diameter (cm), polar diameter (cm), pericarp thickness (mm), locule number, fruit yield plant-1 (kg). On the basis of Analysis of variance, significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the characters under study. The high (> 30%) Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) were observed for yield per plant (i.e., 57.31% and 58.14%, respectively) followed by fruit weight (i.e., 35.27% and 35.49%, respectively). The presence of high GCV for fruit yield per plant and fruit weight suggested the possibility of improving and fixing these characters through employing selection breeding. high heritability (>60%) coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean (>20%) were evident for all the characters under study indicated possibility of improvement of those traits through selection due to existence of additive gene effect. From combined study of correlation and path analysis suggested the characters viz., polar diameter, number of primary branches and equatorial diameter found to be most important selection criteria in crop improvement of tomato.


Besides the measurement of phase transformations in dilatometers just by cooling, the importance of pre-straining dilatometer samples has increased to measure directly the influence of deformation on phase transformations. Hence, reliable deformation conditions have to be given in modern deformation dilatometers. The scope of the investigations is a systematic optimisation of test conditions in a deformation dilatometer. One hit and two hit compression has been tested on three different steel grades, i.e. a quenched and tempered steel, a structural steel and a tool steel. The homogeneity of uniaxial compression tests was optimised by investigating the influence of different geometries of the fronts of cylindrical specimens in combination with different lubricants. The homogeneity was evaluated by sample geometry and the distribution of strain and temperature over the specimen area. The results of the presented studies make it possible to achieve better results in uniaxial deformation tests and assure a homogeneous straining of investigated samples.


Purpose To analyze the correlation between Optic Nerve Head (ONH) parameters, evaluated using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and visual field damage in newly diagnosed patients with Pseudo Exfoliative Glaucoma (PEXG), Focal Damage Glaucoma (FG) and Hyperbaric Glaucoma (HG).


American Political Science Association (APSA) President Robert Putnam posed a simple question in his 2002 presidential address: "What is the job of political science?" (Putnam 2003). Almost 20 years later, another APSA president, Rogers M. Smith, carried on the charge, arguing that "significant immersion in, and...respectful partnerships with social groups, organizations, and governmental bodies" can help political science contribute to a better path for global politics (Smith 2020). Underlying these calls for greater public involvement is the question of what role the discipline plays in civic education: How canwe use our training in systematic scientific inquiry to equip and empower students to contribute to democracy? We argue that incorporating civically engaged research (CER)—the "systematic and rigorous production of knowledge that directly engages current civic problems in a reciprocal partnership with individuals and/or organizations who are directly affected by those problems" (see Bullock and Hess in this symposium)—into the classroom is an effective avenue through which students gain necessary experience working in their community. Incorporating CER into class projects empowers students as citizens while simultaneously making societal contributions that improve democratic governance. By collaborating to solve a community-identified problem, students increase their autonomy, civic identity, and skill in democratic participation. Because projects include various moving parts, all students can nurture their existing gifts or learn new skills. In this way, CER facilitates not only diversity and inclusion efforts central to higher education but also the individual and institutional partnerships that political science deems vital to democracy.


Epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that diseases such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis B (HBV), herpes simplex, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), as well as others, ...


This paper considers the optimization of Error-Correcting Variable-Length Codes (EC-VLC), which are a class of joint-source channel codes. The aim is to find a prefix-free codebook with the largest possible free distance for a given set of codeword lengths, ℓ = (ℓ<inf>1</inf>, ℓ<inf>2</inf>, …, ℓ<inf>M</inf>). The proposed approach consists in ordering all possible codebooks associated to ℓ on a tree, and then to apply an efficient branch-and-prune algorithm to find a codebook with maximal free distance. Three methods for building the tree of codebooks are presented and their efficiency is compared.


Bertoni and et al. (1) present an interesting experience in occlusion of the left subclavian artery (LSA) in order to improve the proximal fixation of tubular aortic endovascular devices to treat acute type B dissections (n = 4; 13.8%) or chronic (n = 14, 48.3%), intramural hematoma (n = 1; 3.4%), true aneurysm (n = 7; 24.1%), aortic ulcer (n = 1; 3.4% ) and traumatic pseudoaneurysm (n = 2; 6.8%). The percentage of occlusion of the subclavian artery in this series is similar to that observed in our series of patients. The work has a good statistical analysis and is supported by an extensive and important bibliography. It has been recently suggested that the use of selfexpanding devices with proximal end point with free flow stent in the treatment of aortic dissections carries some risk of complications, such as retrograde dissection to the ascending aorta. This complication is the result of trauma which can lead that bare stent. (2, 3) The incidence of stroke may reach 7% (4, 5) according to what was observed in the EUROSTAR registry. Referring to the topic of "overstretch" of the device, we consider that there should not be similar if the pathology to be treated were an atherosclerotic fusiform aneurysm or type B dissection. The objectives of treatment in these pathologies differ, since the aneurysm should be approximately oversized 15-20% in relation with the diameter of the healthy proximal aorta, while for the dissection, in our consideration, this oversize should not exceed 3mm that diameter (about 10% if it is considered a standard diameter of 30-36mm in the transverse aorta). This is because in the second mentioned pathology, the end point of treatment is the closure of the proximal tear (which, as it is known, in more than 80% it is within the first 2 left postsubclavian centimeters) and "restoration" of the true lumen, compressed, sometimes measuring no more than 10mm in diameter and sometimes virtually has collapsed under the pressure of the false lumen, thus higher the prosthetic diameter is , greater the risk of rupture of the flap, especially in acute or subacute. For the same reasons, the required length of the seating proximal and distal areas of the endoprotheses differ in both cases and it requires a greater length in the case of aneurysms (1.5 to 2cm), since a large part of the device will be literally "loose" in the aneurysm sac. MARCELO H. CEREZO1


WAITING BEFORE THE LAW IN KAFKA'S PARABLE "BEFORE THE LAW" WE SEE, quite famously, that the story's protagonist (known only as "the man from the country") is forced to wait before the gate of law for his whole life. The gatekeeper, whose only purpose seems to be to bar the man's way, keeps him sitting on a stool just before the gate. As the man is dying from old age, he has this well-known exchange with the gatekeeper:


A human interface based on the Snoop<1> diagnostic module has been designed to facilitate checkout of FASTBUS<2> devices, diagnosis of system faults, and monitoring of system performance. This system, which is a generalization of the usual computer front panel or control console, includes logic analyzer functions, display and manual-control access to other modules, a microprocessor which allows the user to create and execute diagnostic programs and store them on a minifloppy disk, and a diagnostic network which allows remote console operation and coordination of information from Multiple segments' Snoops.


In Djebel Fellaoucene, mattorals and their regressive and progressive dynamics are affected by several factors, namely climate, geography, human activities, overgrazing and fires. This research aims to investigate whether these factors have an impact on the structural dynamics of the area's forest soils and show a correlation between the soils' chemical and microbial properties and these factors. In this regard, we have analysed chemical properties: organic matter, pH, conductivity, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), moisture and carbon as well as microbial properties: basal respiration, microbial biomass and metabolic quotient (qCO2), all from 80 soil samples collected from degraded mattorals on different altitudes and exposures. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which has been made revealed that soil dynamics and correlations between chemical and microbial properties depend on the aforementioned factors; an increase in moisture, organic matter, carbon and conductivity as well as a decrease in the mass and bacterial respiration in the North-exposed sites under anthropogenic pressure and overgrazing by sheep and goats. Whereas opposite results were found in the South-exposed sites degraded by fires and undergrazing by cattle. Anthropogenic pressure and overgrazing in sites which have recently been burned lead to a decrease in microbial properties despite an increase in organic matter and moisture content. Qualifying and quantifying the impact of these degradation factors on forest soils allows us to establish effective restoration, conservation strategies and defend rangelands in arid areas.


Humans are natural storytellers.
Whether we're conscious of it or
not, we constantly create and share
stories about what happened and
why, as well as scenarios for what might happen next. Stories powerfully convey values,
place them in context for the future and allow
us to identify future opportunities. Within
organizations, stories can be helpful in dealing
with critical issues—such as those targeted by
the company's corporate social responsibility
initiatives—by highlighting the positive and negative outcomes of individual
and collective behaviors. Inter -
nal stories are important to
motivate people and create
messages that are memorable
enough for people to take
action.


Literary theory curriculum have three moral characters,which are interpretity,practical,experience.In the reform and practice of the teaching methods,we should train student's interest in literary,to improve their faculty of thinking;make better the structure of classroom teaching to,enhance the teaching efficiency;reform the test methods and promote the teaching affect.


To promote the technology development of the security in coal mine areas, an intelligent belt breakage protector was introduced, and a method of the prediction of belt breakage based on fuzzy neural network was presented in the paper. This algorithm combinates the fuzzy theory and neural network. Fuzzy theory was applied in data pre-processing, and neural network was applied in prediction. The method can remarkably enhance the accuracy and credibility of prediction of the ambiguity, relevance and non-linear system. Running results show that system design is feasible, with a certain amount of practicality to meet the application requirements. It has wide application prospects.


We show that the normal derivatives of kernels of boundary integral equations consist of a Dirac function and a remainder term. In the literature the contribution of this singularity is taken into account by an artificial deformation of the surface S in the near vicinity of the observation point, where the resulting integral equation is generally presented in incorrect form. In contrast to an analytical treatment only, the numerical use of the kernel requires such a separate investigation. This is due to the fact that the Dirac function cannot be handled numerically. In our paper we present the correct writing of the integral equation and furthermore the remainder terms of various Green's functions for different geometries. Their knowledge is an essential precondition for the correct solution of the boundary integral equation.


This paper investigates the effect of the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 on the long-run relationship(s) between the stock prices of Far East countries. Further tests are conducted to check the change in the dominance of the Japanese and the US stock markets in the Far East Region. Empirical investigations are conducted by means of fractional unit root tests and the Johansen multivariate cointegration method. Cointegration results show significant long-run relationship(s) between the Far East markets before and during/after the crisis. The size of the normalized coefficients and the speed of rate of adjustment may indicate the dominance of the Japanese market as compared to the US market in the region during both periods.


Huangshan Cu-Ni sulfide mafic-ultramafic intrusions show varied pe trography, including peridotite, pyroxenite, gabbro and diorite. Some sulfide dr oplets were found in olivine of peridotite. The major elements, trace elements a nd platinum group elements (PGE) of whole rock samples of different type rocks, combined with estimated MgO content in the parent magma by Fo values of the oliv ine and the compositions of whole rock, indicate that different type of rocks ar e mainly controlled in chemical compositions by crystallization of olivine, pyro xene and plagioclase minerals, and display similar trace element and REE pattern s. The REE show varied (La/Yb)N ratios, ranging between 1.14 and 3.65. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element distribution patterns display significantly Nb-and Ta-depletion, and Sr-enrichment. The ratios of Cu/Pd and Ti/Pd are highe r than primitive mantle values. These evidences indicate that three episodes of mafic-ultramafic intrusions in Huangshan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit with distinctiv e major and trace elements characteristics, originated from the same source, in which MgO content of the parent magma is about 15%. The metallogenic magma is c ontaminated by crust components during magmatism. The contamination of Si-rich crustal component could be responsible for sulphur saturation as well as sulfide melt segregation.


There is a clear deficiency in antimicrobial usage data and ongoing stewardship programs both in government and private health care facilities in Bangladesh. As evidences are mounting regarding irrational and often unnecessary use of antibiotics during COVID-19 pandemic, a point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted across COVID-19 dedicated wards in Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH). Antibiotic usage data were collected from 193 patients at different COVID-19 dedicated wards at DMCH between 21 May, 2020 and 10 June, 2020. Comparisons in antibiotic usage were made between different groups using Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact test. Factors associated with multiple antibiotic prescription were evaluated using binary logistic regression model. On survey date all (100%) patients were receiving at least one antibiotic with 133 patients (68.91%) receiving multiple antibiotics. Overall, patients presenting with severe disease received more antibiotics on average. Third generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone (53.8%), meropenem (40.9%), moxifloxacin (29.5%) and doxycycline (25.4%) were the four most prescribed antibiotics among survey patients. Among comorbidities diabetes mellitus (DM) was independently associated with increased antibiotic prescribing. Abnormal C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum d-dimer were linked with higher odds of antibiotic prescribing among survey patients. Overall, prevalence of antibiotic prescribing in COVID-19 patients at DMCH was very high. This could be attributed to a lack of clear treatment protocol against COVID-19 till date as well as lack of modern laboratory facilities to support judicial antibiotic prescribing in Bangladesh. A well-functioning antibiotic stewardship program in Bangladesh is required to prevent an impending health crisis.


The invention discloses a wall paint agent for porous bricks. The wall paint agent comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of inorganic cementing material, 2-5 parts of water soluble resin, 28-41 parts of aggregate, 0.1-0.5 part of modifying agent, 0.2-0.6 part of anti-cracking agent, 0.2-0.4 part of water retaining agent, 0.2-0.4 part of thickener and 10-20 parts of inorganic filler. The wall paint agent for the porous bricks prepared by the invention has the advantages that the surface tension, adhesion and strength of a painting layer with a wall body are improved, so that the wall body and the painting layer are formed into a whole, and air bubble, crack and other defects cannot easily occur; meanwhile, the thermal effect of the wall body is improved; the flatness deviation of the wall body can be ensured within 3 millimeters; the property of the painting layer with a coating thickness of only 5-8 millimeters is better than the property of a traditional cement plastering mortar layer with a thickness of 2 centimeters; only 10-15 kilograms of the paint agent is needed, and no gridding cloth is needed before construction, so that the construction cost is much lower than that of the traditional plastering mortar, and the weight of the wall body is reduced; the indoor use area and the thermal effect of the wall body are increased; and meanwhile, a waste material, i.e. coal ash is used as the raw material, so that the environmental friendliness is high.


Seagrass meadows are essential to coastal ecosystems and have experienced declines in abundance due to a series of environmental stressors including elevated salinity and incidence of disease. This study evaluated the impacts of short term salinity stress on the early stages of infection in Thalassia testudinum Banks ex König by assessing changes in cellular physiology and metabolism. Seagrass short shoots were exposed to ambient (30) and elevated (45) salinities for 7 days and subsequently infected for one week by the causative pathogen of wasting disease, Labyrinthula sp. The occurrence of wasting disease was significantly lower in the hypersalinity treatments. Additionally, while exposure to elevated salinity caused a reduction in chlorophyll a and b content, photosynthetic activity was not affected by salinity or infection. In contrast, plant respiratory demand was significantly enhanced as a function of infection. Elevated salinity caused T. testudinum to significantly increase its in vivo H2O2 concentrations to levels that exceeded those which inhibited Labyrinthula growth in an in vitro assay. The results suggest that while short term exposure to hypersalinity alters some cellular


This research investigates the image of the desert in the Arabic novel at the Mashreq Arab States, since its inception until the end of the twentieth century. The basic objective is to introduce the Francophone reader and scholar to the status of the desert in the Arabic novel, which is missed in the Francophone academic studies. The desert image has long been associated with Arabic poetry since its emergence, but it has been noticed to be away from Arabic novel at its beginnings. How did the Arab novel, which was influenced by the Western narrative during its rise on both form and content, deal with the desert theme as a purely Eastern space? Was desert the ultimate point of separation from the Western narrative? How did the desert space enter the Arab novel through time? What are the features of the Arab desert novel in the orient? In which novels did the desert form a transit space? And where was the centre of major events? What are the most important novels of the desert, and who are the most important writers?


A Porose corals have, with few exceptions, received little attention in Britain since the publication of works by P. M. Duncan and R. F. Tomes, during the latter half of last centary. The newer methods of investigation by means of thin slices and serial sectioning, so successfully employed by Drs. Stanley Smith and W. D. Lang, and others, in the Rugosa, were not then in use, and so very little is known of the internal structures–the only basis for classification and comparison–or of the developmental stages of the Aporosa.


Dynamically and statically optimal Pigouvian subsidies and taxes on durables will differ in a growing economy. In a dynamic game, consumers may delay purchasing durables with positive externalities, such as latrines, anticipating greater future subsidies. Governments can most cheaply induce optimal purchasing by commiting to make subsidies temporary. Foreign donors may make commitment impossible, generating delays in private investment that more than fully offset the social benefits of transfers. Anticipated future taxes or regulation of durables with negative externalities, such as guns, may encourage current purchase, potentially causing policymakers who would otherwise prefer taxes or regulation to abandon such policies.


ANNANDALE, Va. — The Annandale Panthers will face Annandale 3 on Saturday, October 3. The match starts at 10:15 am at Wakefield Park in Annandale.


Abstract A growing critical literature on women's empowerment argues that the current focus on autonomy obscures the extent to which relationships, social norms, and structures shape women's lives. I begin from the idea that disaggregating forms of autonomy and conceptually clarifying their relationship to empowerment can help us respond to the critiques without abandoning what is genuinely important about autonomy. I argue that one form of personal autonomy, thin relational autonomy, is necessary but insufficient for women's empowerment. Seeing this can help us respond to the critiques as well as develop a better understanding of what should be prioritized in development interventions. In order to agitate against oppressive structures and to improve their lives in ways they endorse, women need the ability to formulate and scrutinize their own values. This conception of autonomy, unlike many other conceptions of autonomy, does not exclude the idea that relationships can be empowering. However, this conception of autonomy is also not sufficient for empowerment; empowerment also requires non-autonomy goods and changes in conditions external to the agent.


This essay explores the tension between the longstanding Brandenburg standard and the current technological context — one in which abstract advocacy of terrorist conduct, widely and cheaply disseminated through the internet and channeled through social media, has contributed to a number of devastating attacks such as the Orlando nightclub shooting, the Boston marathon bombings, and the shootings in San Bernardino. It does so through the lens of the Supreme Court's recent decision in Carpenter v. United States — a Fourth Amendment case that similarly dealt with the collision between longstanding constitutional rights doctrine and significant technological change. A close examination of Carpenter helps to frame the central theoretical debate underlying Brandenburg's continued viability, and it illuminates the normative and empirical pivot points around which the debate rests.


At an earlier period, when less confidence was generally held for the gene theory of inheritance, it was natural to insist that any genotype postulated to explain a given disease or abnormality should be perfectly correlated with this disease. When it became increasingly realized that this supposition was unnecessary, a fruitful method of study became available for those diseases showing only occasional evidence of inheritance. By assuming that a given genotype might cause only a portion of its possessors to develop the trait in question, an irregular pattern of inheritance was often found to be adequately explained on the basis of a single gene hypothesis. However, merely to satisfy the requirements of a formal theory would, in general, have represented but little gain. A more important result was that increased attention was now accorded those individuals who, although lacking the disease or abnormality, were evidently carriers of the genetic factor. As a consequence, several important hereditary diseases are now known to be frequently replaced by detectable subclinical manifestations or "carrier states," and these conditions have been recently discussed in extensive reviews (1, 2). In the field of metabolic disorders, Garrod (3) was among the first to emphasize this point of view, notably with respect to gout. He suggested that this disease would probably be found to be due to a dominant Mendelian factor which expresses itself fairly regularly in hyperuricemia, but only occa-


In order to study and decrease the fugitive leakage of Aromatics Extraction Unit,data of leakage detection by LDAR are statistically analyzed for leakage reasons to reduce the leakage by repair. The results indicated that the leakage position of VOCs of Aromatics Extraction Unit are mainly fitting and valve which are distributed in pump zone. The leakage rate of the points whose SV are bigger than 5000μmol / mol are 0. 57% and are the main part whose leakage amount accounted for 82% of the total leakage amount. The processing loss rate for leakage is 0. 000 3%. The leakage rate drop to 0. 03% and the repair rate is71% for shut- down maintenance.


Production of drawn wire, especially a tire with a reinforcing wire, the wire diameter is less than 0.3mm, it was obtained by drawing to a diameter greater than 5mm steel material or preform drawing raw yarn filaments, such as a component of the steel in the specification said. And a wire obtained by the above method.


The syllable voice is the cornerstone in phonetics; the verses in poetry are segmented first into segments, and then a distinction is made between short syllables and long syllables, at that point these syllables are categorized according to certain rhythmic bases in larger units called "measures". In the poem under study the poet positions us since the beginning in an atmosphere of hidden semantic meanings throughout the use of open syllables (CV-CVV), and there is no doubt that these syllables have significance to expose sharp emotions hiding inside the self in its conflict with others or with itself, whereas the closed syllable (CVC) portrays the poet's agitation and the overlapped devotions. The number of the open syllables is as twice as the closed syllables the matter that fits the poem atmosphere and makes the rhythm fast and influential.


In accordance with the backwardness of the basic facilities of water supply and drainage in the towns,according to the principle of protecting the circumstance and reducing the cost,the plan which is suitable for the water supply and drainage in the towns is expounded.


An integrated pan-sector e-learning strategy is being developed by the New Zealand government through the Ministry of Education. An integral part of that strategy will be the development of a Tertiary E-learning Framework that focuses on enhancing accessibility, increasing relevance, and ensuring high-quality learning outcomes within the tertiary sector. In order to inform this strategy, the Ministry of Education is currently administering the second round of the Tertiary e-Learning Research Fund (TeLRF). The research fund was established to support and encourage rigorous research into tertiary e-learning in the New Zealand context. The Ministry of Education is funding e-learning research which will establish both the current context and future impact of e-learning in the tertiary sector


Modified atmosphere packaging applications may create different interactions and changes according to the cheese types. It was determined that while lactic and mesophilic flora were not affected, mould-yeast development was inhibited in cheeses. Formation of aflatoxin can be blocked because of controlling the mould development. While shelf-life of cheese increases 50-150 %, weight loss may occur during storage. It may be seen sticking in sliced cheese and collapsing and fragiling in block cheese. According to the CIE color system it was determined that a* value was increased and L* and b* values were decreased. In this review, results of recent articles regarding to the effect of MAP application on various types of cheese were evaluated.


The partitioned step particle swarm optimization (PSPSO) introduces a two-fold searching mechanism that increases the search capability of Particle Swarm Optimization. The first layer involves the γ and λ, values which are introduced to describe the current condition of characteristics of the searched solution that diversifies the particles when it is converging too much on some optima. The second layer involves the partitioning of particles that tries to prevent premature convergence. With the two search mechanisms, the PSPSO presents a simpler way of making the particles communicate with each other without too much compromise of the computational time. The proposed algorithm was compared with different variants of particle swarm optimization (PSO) using benchmark functions as well as the IEEE 10-unit unit commitment problem. Results proved the effectiveness of PSPSO with different functions and proved its competitive advantage in comparison with published PSO variants.


The Roccamonfina volcano is located within the Garigliano Graben (southern Apennines, Italy) and has been active throughout the Middle‐Late Pleistocene. Along its polyphase volcanic history (630–55 ka), including several caldera‐forming eruptions (385–230 ka), several effusive/mildly explosive monogenetic events occurred along the volcano slopes, within the summit caldera, and along the graben‐bounding carbonate reliefs. In this paper, we present a multidisciplinary study of a mafic magmatic feeder dike intruded within the Meso‐Tertiary carbonates and overlying Lower Pleistocene breccias of Mt Cesima, northeast of the Roccamonfina volcano. We performed a stratigraphic and structural survey of the area and petrographic analyses on several samples of the dike. Results indicate that a ∼1 km long fissure fed an eruption that also emplaced a Strombolian pyroclastic sequence. Petrological data show that an open‐system mafic recharge fueled the tephritic magma that fed the eruption, whereas no evidence of significant pre/syn‐eruptive assimilation of carbonate has been identified. Stratigraphic and petrological data do not allow to firmly constrain the timing of the eruption, which could belong both to the pre‐Brown Leucitic Tuff (>354 ka) and to the post‐White Trachytic Tuffs (<230 ka) epochs of activity of the Roccamonfina volcano. Structural data show that the dike is broadly oriented E‐W and changes direction toward NE‐SW in correspondence with a pre‐existing fault damage zone. We suggest that magma was intruded during an N‐S trending extensional event in the Middle Pleistocene, whose prolonged activity resulted in regional uplift and exhumation of regional significance.


Use and usefulness of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) in maintaining people with disabilities at home and in their own community


Research on late talking toddlers who do not have autism indicates the majority of late talkers will perform within normal limits on comprehensive language measures by the time they reach school age, and toddlers with higher receptive language skills will have better language outcomes. There is little research on school-age outcomes for late-talking toddlers who have autism. The present research investigated 75 children between 2 and 3 years of age who presented with language delays and characteristics of autism. Results indicated the majority (81%) of children with autism use verbal language by the time they reach school age. A subset of 40 of these children who were reported to use verbal language completed language testing. Results revealed that children with better language scores between the ages of 2 and 3 demonstrated better language scores upon follow-up. These findings add to our knowledge of the nature of language use and performance in children with autism.


In humans, loss of CD27 expression is associated with the stable acquisition of effector functions by CD8+ T cells. We found that murine CD8+CD27– T cells were confined to the primed CD62Ldull/–CD44brightCCR7– T cell population. CD8+CD27– T cells were absent from lymph nodes but could be found in blood, spleen and in non‐lymphoid organs such as lung and liver. Late after primary influenza virus infection, low percentages of antigen‐specific CD27– cells emerged in the lung and spleen. After recovery from secondary influenza virus infection, high percentages of influenza‐specific CD27– T cells were found in the lung and the loss of CD27 on lung CD8+ T cells coincided with high granzyme B expression. After murine cytomegalovirus infection, loss of CD27 expression on virus‐specific CD8+ T cell populations was sustained and especially marked in liver and lung. We suggest that in mice, CD27 is lost from CD8+ T cells only after repetitive antigenic stimulation. Moreover, the high expression of both granzyme B and perforin in the CD27– T cells suggests that the lack of CD27 on murine CD8+ T cells can be used to identify memory T cells with expression of cytotoxic effector molecules.


In any period of change many people not directly involved may be, not surprisingly, bewildered by the differences in the old and new systems. This article outlines the examination systems currently in use in England, Ireland and Wales and in Scotland.


This paper analyzed part of the chronicle documentation produced in Portugal between the years 1430 and 1460. In that context, it was observed in Fernao Lopes and Gomes Eanes de Zurara an organization to writing such texts, beginning from older to most recent people, creating a contrast of qualities which valued the last. In chronicle which narrates the events in Ceuta under the first Portuguese captain, Count Pedro de Meneses, figure out the inclusion of the son of captain in the second part of the second book. This study therefore attempted to identify possible reasons for such entry, since it defies considerably with the chronicle. Applied the notion of political genealogy, where the writing of the past created a symbolic and hierarchical link with those concerned in writing the texts, recovering the family and politic past. Thus, we sought to understand the writing device in the context of inquiry the prerogatives nobiliary, being the chronic an instrument of legitimacy.


The invention relates to a ball screw with a maintenance device, comprising: a spindle (1), the schraubenlinigformige on the outside grooves (11); a nut (2) which has at least two mounting holes (22); two return elements (3) each having a hole (32), one end of the hole of the raceway grooves (11) has a distance (P); and a cover (7) which is arranged on the nut (2) and having a Sammelausnehmung (73), wherein the other end of the hole (32) with the Sammelausnehmung (73) is connected, wherein the Sammelausnehmung (73) with a intake manifold or an oil pipe can be connected, whereby the dirt in the mother sucked out through the suction pipe and the new lubricating oil can be filled through the oil pipe in the mother.


In her classic short story A Good Man Is Hard to Find, through a couple of female victims, O'Connor presented the Southof twisted human nature, lost faith and fallen morality and expressed her great concern and deep thoughts on the spiritual crisis ofmodern society.


The article introduces the origin of oil painting and the process that transfer into China,and describes the developing situation of oil painting in China.It also analyses the relation between the character of painting material and widenness of painting concept,and explains the change of Chinese and Western oil painting from the subject of art——painters' expressing personality.


HuR is a ubiquitously expressed AU-rich element (ARE) binding protein. AREs are regulatory, typically destabilizing sequences found in the 3' UTR of many mRNAs in eukaryotes. However, binding of HuR acts to stabilize these messages. Another type of regulatory elements, miRNA-binding sequences are also found on the mRNA 3'UTR. miRNAs are short, (~22 nt) non-coding RNAs which guide the RISC complex to regulate the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of numerous biological processes.
HuR and miRNA sites have been shown to often co-localize on target mRNAs, and several studies have shown that there is a cross-talk between HuR and miRNAs. For example, HuR can counteract miR-122-mediated repression of CAT-1 mRNA, a process which is accompanied by Ago displacement from mRNA.
It was previously shown that HuR possesses an RNA 3'-terminal adenosyl transferase activity; however, the physiological substrates were not determined. In this thesis, we report that miRNAs are bound by HuR and act as substrates for the HuR-mediated transferase activity and that HuR can polyadenylate miRNAs. We further describe different type of evidence strongly suggesting that HuR also has a 3'-5' exonuclease activity acting on miRNAs, and describe and test in vitro a model of how HuR antagonizes the Ago-bound miRNA associated with mRNA. To access the miRNA-Ago complex associated in cis with the same target RNA, HuR recognizes the miRNA 3' end and adds to it a poly(A) tail, thus potentially weakening the Ago-miRNA interaction and creating a landing pad for the nuclease, which in turn leads to exonucleolytic degradation of miRNA turnover and displacement of Ago from RNA.
We further show that HuR knockdown in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells has a differential effect on mature miRNAs as compared to miRNA isoforms containing 3'-terminal non-templated additions of A residues. The levels of these isoforms are reduced upon HuR depletion, suggesting that HuR promotes miRNA tailing and degradation also in vivo.


The development of highly scalable recommender systems, able to deliver recommendations in real time, is a challenging task. In contrast to traditional recommender systems, recommending news entails additional requirements. These requirements include tight response times, heavy load peaks, and continuously changing collections of users and items. In this paper we describe our participation at the CLEFNewsREEL challenge 2015. We present our highly scalable implementation of a news recommendation algorithm. The developed approach alleviates all the specific challenges of news recommender systems. We use the Akka framework to build an asynchronous, distributable system able to run concurrently on multiple machines. Based on the framework a time window-based, most popular algorithm for recommending news articles is implemented. The evaluation shows that our system implemented using the Akka framework scales well with the restrictions and outperforms the recommendation precision of the baseline recommender.


Objective:Through the research on the application of Lutaigao in assisted reproductive technology controlled ovarian hyperstimulation,we make certain the mechanism of the actions and the value of the application of it.Methods:By the preestablishing and randomizing control method,the cases which using Lutaigao adding normal contolled ovarian hyperstimulation schemes are compared with other cases which only using normal schemes when IVF/ICSI and IUI in the dosage of GnRH-a,Gonal-f(rFSH),Humen menopausal gonadotropin(HMG);the value of E2 in HCG day,the ply of endometrium;the numbers of obtaining ovums;the percent of fecundation,the percent of high quality embryo,value of P in transplant day,the percent of clinic pregnancy,the percent of embryo embedment;the dosage of CC,the numbers of mature follicles and the percents of abortions in forepart of pregnancy.The results were analysed by statistic methods.Results: In IVF/ICSI,the percents of abortion in the forepart of pregnancy in the group using Lutaigao is much lower than the group without Lutaigao.The difference between two groups has the significance in statistics,P0.05.Conclusion:The results of study showed that the effect-tache with the Lutaigao treating infertility is in the process of maintaining gestation.The results prompted us that if we use Lutaigao on the patients who recurrence early abortion,it may bring some good effects.


The occasion of this lectureship offers a yearly opportunity to review a major issue facing our profession. In the 1970s the unavoidable issue is the problem of change. The challenge is not just to describe changes as they occur, but to search for ways of controlling change—of building on what has gone before, rather than permitting older institutions to be torn down; of achieving orderly evolution, rather than submitting to revolution. In the insignia of the American Board of Family Practice we find a symbol of change. It is the phoenix, the mythical bird of ancient Egypt, said to be as large as an eagle, with plumage of brilliant scarlet and gold. This legendary bird, as it grew old, would fashion a nest of aromatic boughs and spices. Then, by flapping its wings, the phoenix would set itself ablaze, to be consumed in its own flames. But, invariably, a new


A recent paper analyzed the possible growth mechanisms in the formation of amorphous ZrO{sub 2} particles via an alkoxide route. The authors of the paper used Nielsen's chronomal analysis and the dependence of a particle-size distributions width on time as tools in defining the rate-determining mechanism of particle growth. They concluded that the growth mechanism was one of polynuclear growth, a result contrary to the previous conclusions found in this area.


To the question of the carrier synchronization based on third-order phase-locked loops in the high dynamic environment. First, the paper verifies that the loop-filter with the overlap zero structure has the best performance through simulation, which increases about 2.5 to 1dB in noise compared with the other two kinds of structures. Then, in consideration of a long pull-in time to track high dynamic signals for the PLL, the paper proposes a fast phase lock algorithm based on third-order PLL with the overlap zero structure. Finally, The result shows that the algorithm significantly reduced the pull-in time about 40%~70%.


A walking mechanism of a pipeline cleaning robot of central air conditioners comprises a base, four mechanical legs, track feet and a walking drive motor provided on the base, wherein the mechanical leg comprises an upper chain wheel, a chain, a lower chain wheel, a first transmission guide rod, a second transmission guide rod and a drive wheel, the drive wheel is geared with the track of the track feet, the walking mechanism further comprises two leg swing mechanisms between the two front mechanical legs and the two back mechanical legs of the base, the leg swing mechanism comprises a leg swing motor, a drive gear, a driven gear and a screw transmission rod, the lower side of the screw transmission rod is sheathed on a fixing block with a screw hole, the fixing block is provided on a press rod, the first transmission guide rod of each mechanical leg is fixedly sheathed with a connecting sheet provided with an arc slot, the press rod is through the arc slot of each connecting sheet. The utility model provides a walking mechanism of a pipeline cleaning robot of central air conditioners for cleaning rectangular and round pipelines.


Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technology allows a mix to be prepared and placed at lower temperatures than conventional hot mix. WMA mixes offer an attractive alternative, not only since they represent a feasible cost/effective and environmental alternative, but also due to their mechanical, dynamic, and durability behaviour. This paper presents the initial evaluation of four WMA mixes using the Astec Double Barrel(r) Green (DBG) process in Western Canada after two years of service. The paper also evaluates the road performance of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS) in WMA mixes manufactured by using the Astec Double Barrel(r) Green process. A visual condition evaluation indicated minimum pavement distress associated with poor construction practices and not related to traffic or asphalt mix performance. The Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) results on core samples, and on production samples, showed that the four DBG mixes are not susceptible to moisture induced damage. Additionally, the tensile strength and the resilient modulus properties indicated similar stiffness behaviour characteristics as conventional HMA mixes. DBG mixes containing up to 15 percent RAP performed similar to DBG virgin mixes. However, higher amounts of recycled materials significantly altered the performance of DBG mixes. (A)


AbstractIn this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared from graphite and used as an adsorbent to remove cationic dyes from single and binary systems of colored wastewater. The GO was prepared by Hummer method and characterized using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Basic blue 41 (BB41), basic red 18 (BR18), and basic red 46 (BR46) were used as model dyes. It was found that the adsorption of dyes on GO followed the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The capacity of GO to remove BB41, BR18, and BR46 was 1429, 1250, and 476 mg/g, respectively. The results show that the GO has a good capacity for dye adsorption from single and binary systems of colored wastewater containing cationic dyes.


The growing volatility in the business environment fosters the importance of risk identification. This step as part of the risk management process builds the basis for every further stage. The prospective risks need to be analysed closely as they reveal potential threats and opportunities. Creativity tools are used here to overcome biases like hindsight or conservativism as these often occur when evaluating past data. However, not one single technique offers the solution but a combination is necessary to identify potential risks. To identify all importantones a diversified group is best suited as they are able to identify more risks than individuals. A combination of internal and external experts is useful for effective risk identification. The techniques used thus need to be customized to the involved persons and business environment to provide a starting point for the decision making. If the importance of risk identification is not seen by companies one of the many negative effects this can have is a weakening of the market position and lagging behind the competitors.


The aim of present research was to synthesize coacervates of two natural polymers viz. chitosan and gum Arabic, and further coacervates was characterized and evaluated as an excipient in the fast disintegrating dosage form for treatment of chronic epileptic attack. Coacervates were synthesized by mixing of separately prepared solution of chitosan and gum Arabic at controlled temperature. After vacuum drying, coacervates were used as pharmaceutical excipient; moreover they were used in varying ratios to formulate six batches of tablets and evaluated for pre-compression and postcompression parameters.The physicochemical evaluation results demonstrate that coacervates had good potential to be used as pharmaceutical excipient. Thus, coacervates may have wide range of applications as polymer in different dosage form. The fast disintegrating tablet dosage forms can be formulated using such coacervates on commercial scale.


with intelligence, that all the means used for the reduction of a case of strangulated hernia had failed, and that the operation must not be longer postponed. The assistant, a member of the College of Surgeons, had been with the patient during the preceding night, and had neglected none of the ordinary means constituting the taxis. Finding that opium had not been given, I suggested the employment of a large dose, and a teaspoonful of laudanum was immediately given. This producing no effect, after waiting two hours, another teaspoonful was given. This was almost immediately followed by prostration of the muscular system, a dilatation of the pupil in a remarkable degree, and the easy reduction of the hernia. The patient was a strong muscular man, a farmer's servant. I deem tlhis the more worthy the notice of members of our association, because I derived the hint from my excellent friend Dr. John Conolly, in conversation, when II Ihad the pleasure 'of seeing him at the Anniversary Meeting at Oxford. The benevolent mind of Dr. Conolly will be gratified to learn, that an incidental remark of his saved at least one individual from a painful and dangerous operation.


The synthesis and selected reactions of 2-amino-3-(cyanomethylsulfonyl)thiophene is reported. In particular, cyclization reaction of the versatile aminothiophene yielded a number of novel thieno[3,2-b][1,4]-thiazine 1,1-dioxides, as well as the analogous thieno[2,3-e][1,3,4]thiadiazine 4,4-dioxide. Reaction of the thienothiazine system with hydrazine was subsequently explored, which resulted in either ring-opening of the thiazine and formation of an aminopyrazole or solely ring cleavage depending on the thiazine substituent. Additionally, the synthesis of bis(2-amino-3-thienyl)sulfone and the corresponding bis-acetamide is described.


This study seeks to establish factors affecting tax compliance by Small and Medium Enterprises, with special emphasis on Income Tax and Value Added Tax and their effects on government revenue. Tax compliance level which is internal factor affecting tax revenue not only undermines tax administration infrastructure but also makes the tax base narrow and inequitable. The objectives of the study include establishing the influence of compliance cost, fines and penalties and attitudes of tax compliance among Small and Medium Enterprises. The study adopts a descriptive research design involving both qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The target population was 200, out of which a sample size of 132 respondents were drawn, using stratified and simple random sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data from the respondents, which were analyzed using SPSS applying both descriptive and inferential analysis. There was a positive relationship between the tax and compliance cost (r=.514), fines and penalties (r=.415) attitudes (r=.546) and tax compliance. The findings showed that compliance cost, fines and penalties and attitude had significant relationship with tax compliance. It is recommended that the tax system should provide a clear and simple guideline on how to fill tax returns but also enhance taxpayer education services to enable the taxpayers understand their rights and obligations as taxpayers, there should be moderate levels of fines and taxes so that SMEs are encouraged to comply since they will keep accurate records for taxation purposes in order to avoid fines and penalties.


In order to better use traps to monitor and control the pine wilt disease (PWD) transmitted by Monochamus alternatus, it is necessary to artificial intelligence research of traps. By consulting the literature, we found that the existing Monochamus alternatus traps generally had many shortcomings such as low levels of artificial intelligence and high operating costs. On the basis of circumventing the shortcomings of existing traps and integrating the advantages of existing traps, we designed the novel Wisdom Monochamus alternatus trap based on a new perspective of artificial intelligence. It integrates three functions of remote manipulation, pesticide application prevention and control, and natural enemy release. The research and development of this trap provide a novel basis for the protection of forestry resources and the development of new traps.


Abstract For many years, crop potassium (K) availability has been estimated by soil testing the plow layer for exchangeable K, in conjunction with potassium chloride fertilization widely promoted as an essential prerequisite for ensuring crop yield and quality. As rigorously documented in our paper, both components of chemical-based K management are seriously flawed by the lack of a scientific basis. Under the pretext of providing economic benefit for the producer and a healthy food supply for the public at large, the real purpose is to generate revenue for the fertilizer industry.


As a function of time bubble size distributions are calculated taking into account nonideal gas behaviour in small bubbles and the dependence of the surface diffusion coefficient on surface curvature. Comparison with available experimental results at the early stages of bubble development in uranium dioxide and aluminium reveals a better agreement with the calculations carried out, assuming that the motion of small bubbles in uranium dioxide is caused by surface diffusion and in aluminium by volume diffusion.

[Russian Text Ignored]


With the development of education industry in China, the theory of educational evaluation is graduallysystematized and the practice is institutionalized as well. The educational evaluation focuses, in China, more on thecompletion grade of the aims in purpose, process and management of teaching. At present, studying from foreignexperience to advance the development of educational evaluation in China, several important problems must be re-alized and dealt with.


Coupling a dielectric compound parabolic concentrator (DCPC) to an absorber across a vacuum gap by means of frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) can theoretically approach the maximum concentration permitted by physical laws, thus allowing higher radiative fluxes in thermal applications. The calculated optical performance of 2-D DCPCs with FTIR absorbers indicates that the ratio of gap thickness to optical wavelength must be <0.22 before the optical performance of the DCPC is superior to that of the nondielectric CPC.


Molecular dynamic simulations and experimental measurements on Raman bands of fluid N2 at about 150 K and two densities (1·05 and 1·8 times the critical density) are reported. Induced effects are accounted for by the dipole-induced-dipole mechanism at the first order. A satisfactory agreement between time correlation functions and spectral shapes derived from simulation and experiment is obtained. A detailed analysis of the different contributions to the total correlation function is reported, either performing or without performing the projection of the collision induced polarizability onto the orientational variables. The density dependence of static and dynamical properties is discussed together with the role played by the cross and pure collision induced contributions. The approximation of neglecting all orientational correlation is successfully used for the estimate of the pure collision induced terms.


This presentation will start with an obvious statement and move into a controversial one. The obvious statement is that the Internet is a global phenomenon. First of all, the Internet global since it concerns a significant, and increasing, share of the word's population. Secondly, the Internet is global in regard to the geographical distribution of its users, who inhabit every country of the world (though enormous diversities in the penetration rates in different countries). Thirdly, the Internet is a global phenomenon since its distributed architecture allows in principle everyone of its nodes (and therefore every part of the world) to be both a provider and a user of global information. Fourthly, the Internet is global being one of the main causes of globalisation. Thanks to the Internet physical distance becomes irrelevant to communication, a global space is realised where personal interactions and organisational structures may be distributed all over the world, regardless of physical proximity. Fifthly, the Internet is a global phenomenon in the sense that it involves every sector of human activity. Not only in cyberspace we reproduce those activities


Transparency has become a critical need in machine learning (ML) applications. Designing transparent ML models helps increase trust, ensure accountability, and scrutinize fairness. Some organizations may opt-out of transparency to protect individuals' privacy. Therefore, there is a great demand for transparency models that consider both privacy and security risks. Such transparency models can motivate organizations to improve their credibility by making the ML-based decision-making process comprehensible to end-users. Differential privacy (DP) provides an important technique to disclose information while protecting individual privacy. However, it has been shown that DP alone cannot prevent certain types of privacy attacks against disclosed ML models. DP with low <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="alufaisan-ieq1-3019508.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> values can provide high privacy guarantees, but may result in significantly weaker ML models in terms of accuracy. On the other hand, setting <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="alufaisan-ieq2-3019508.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> value too high may lead to successful privacy attacks. This raises the question whether we can disclose accurate transparent ML models while preserving privacy. In this article we introduce a novel technique that complements DP to ensure model transparency and accuracy while being robust against model inversion attacks. We show that combining the proposed technique with DP provide highly transparent and accurate ML models while preserving privacy against model inversion attacks.


The high standard and bio-electrochemical stability of any metallic biomaterial components are the main conditions for their safe implantation into human body. The most critically indispensable properties for metallic biomaterials are their corrosion resistance, inertness, low toxicity, and durability. The work aims at analyzing the titanium biomaterial characterization after electrolytic polishing in a magnetic field, named as the magnetoelectropolishing (MEP), in comparison with the material finish after a conventional electropolishing (EP). Titanium and titanium alloys gradually became the main biomedical materials used presently in orthopaedic applications. The leaching of metallic ions such as nickel during the corrosion process from other biomaterials such as: 316L stainless steel, L-605 cobaltchromium alloy, or Nitinol, has caused considerable concerns due to the allergies, inflammations, etc. It appears to be non existent when CP titanium is employed. Titanium is also insensitive to oxygen concentration and by this titanium ions release by this mechanism is not applicable in this case. Also it is well known that when titanium is exposed to body fluids, its surface undergoes spontaneous modification by Ca2+ and PO43ions and prolong exposure leads to formation of hydroxyapatite layer, which is indispensable to bone-implant osseointegration. High quality metal alloys of titanium are commonly used for orthopaedic prostheses as bone plates, nails, screws, etc. Fortunately, the oxides and hydroxides of titanium have extremely low solubilities  so a passive oxide film readily and spontaneously forms over the titanium's surface. In spite of its very high corrosion resistance the spontaneously formed oxide film consists of some inclusion and discontinuity spots, which can cause the problems in integration at the bone-implant interface. To overcome these problems, several surface treatments are employed: chemical etching, plasma treatment, ion implantation, electrochemical or wet chemical hydroxyapatite precipitation following either hydrothermal treatment or sintering, anodizing, electropolishing, etc. The electropolishing process seems to be the best way to eliminate these problems. By dissolving the existing imperfect oxide, electropolishing process creates the base for formation the more perfect homogeneous oxide over the base titanium metal. As it was shown in many works, including also previous ours, it is the presence of this oxide film that is responsible for titanium's excellent corrosion resistance, which enables it to be used in surgical applications.


The invention relates to a water glass modifying additive for casting and a production process and a using method thereof. The modifying additive consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 40 to 65 percent of styrene-acrylate emulsion, 0 to 10 percent of urea resin, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of quaternary ammonium salt and 25 to 55 percent of water. Used water glass sand is subjected todry reclamation, the residual Na2O content of the used sand is controlled in a certain range and the water galls with ultra-low modulus is matched with the modifying additive so that the available time for preparing molding sand by mixing all or partial reclaimed sand can be prolonged and the molding sand has good process performance; and the reclamation rate of the used water glass sand can reach over 85 percent. The water glass modifying additive is directly added into the water glass at normal temperature and stirred uniformly without a fussy heating-cooling process so as to facilitate theoperation on a molding site.


Introduction: Michelangelo's work as an art historian Part I. History Painting and Cult Images in the Altarpiece: 1. Transport and Transitus 2. Man of sorrows and entombment 3. Humanism and the altar image 4. The altarpiece in the age of history painting Part II. Presentation and Withdrawal: Michelangelo's Late Pietas 5. Passionate withdrawal 6. Art work and cult image 7. Sculpture as relic.


ABSTRACT Any increase in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] production depends on effective use and application, of appropriate management practices. This will likely require changes in knowledge, and skills, of okra growers that can be accomplished by training. The study was conducted to identify the training needs of okra growers. Slightly more than half (54.6%) of okra growers required a medium level of training. Weed management, disease and pest control, and availability of quality seed and planting were topmost aspects requiring training. Educational level and area of land cultivated with okra were positively, and significantly, associated with okra growers training needs. Planning and execution of training programs for okra growers are necessary to improve yield.


University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. December 2015. Major: Natural Resources Science and Management. Advisor: Diomy Zamora. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 69 pages.


This study examines the effect of a silicon Vacancy Engineering Implant (VEI) on a boron doped ultra‐shallow junction, in terms of sheet resistance, junction depth and for the first time junction leakage—via conventional diode measurements and newer non‐contact techniques. It is demonstrated that by using a VEI combined with a 10 s, 800 °C anneal, it is possible to electrically activate the dopant to a level 5x higher than without a VEI, whilst sustaining minimal boron diffusion. Furthermore, this thermal budget is significant enough to reduce the implantation damage that resides within the depletion region to a level that produces a junction leakage value of ∼35 μA/cm2, which is competitive with alternative techniques such as pre‐amorphization and solid phase epitaxial regrowth.


This research discusses about the competency, knowledge and role ambiguity on job performance and the implications for PPAT performance. The method of research is used the descriptive analysis with using purposive sampling. Analysis tool used is SEM run with Lisrel software. This research found that influence of competency 0.37 knowledge 0.27, the influence of role ambiguity 0.28 against job performance. Influence of job performance on PPAT performance is 052. The analysis showed that the positive effect of competency on job performance greater than influence on the attractiveness of knowledge and role ambiguity.


While the federal government in Australia must accord 'just terms' to a divestee for 'acquisitions of property', the constitutional situation for sub-national State governments is different. Under flexible State constitutions, which steer closer to the classic Westminster model of parliamentary sovereignty, the States are understood to have a virtually unlimited power of eminent domain. However recent litigation in the High Court of Australia has emphasised that acquisitions pursuant to Commonwealth-State intergovernmental arrangements can attract the just terms guarantee in the federal constitution. This is so even though the immediate act of expropriation occurs under State law. This article unpacks the four-step process by which the High Court achieves this result in doctrinal terms. It also points out a basic 'aggregationist'-'disaggregationist' division of opinion within the High Court, which in turn reflects ambivalence about how far the judiciary should go in enforcing the constitutional protection of property rights. The article then turns to native title, the pre-existing property right of Australia's first peoples, which was initially recognised by the High Court in the Mabo decision in 1992. The extinguishment of native title in Australia mostly occurs (in an immediate sense) through State rather than federal action, whether by legislatures or executives. But the federal Native Title Act establishes a national set of extinguishment principles binding on the States, backdated to 1975 when an important non-discrimination statute took effect. The States have enacted complementary legislation embodying the same extinguishment principles. The article applies the recent High Court developments reviewed earlier and concludes that the just terms guarantee can apply to native title extinguishment by States under this interlocking arrangement.


Background: The risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in systemic thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke after acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) pretreatment or with subsequent heparin is controversially discussed. Methods: 300 consecutive stroke patients were treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in a prospective open study (92 pretreated with ASA, 202 ASA nonusers) with 3 months of follow-up. After thrombolysis, 122 patients received low-dose, 153 patients high-dose heparin. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed no relationship of hemorrhagic complications within the first 48 h to ASA pretreatment (p = 0.15), or heparin application (p = 0.38), but dependency on stroke severity (NIHSS) at baseline (p = 0.01). Conclusion: ASA pretreatment does not increase the risk of symptomatic bleeding after systemic thrombolysis with rt-PA, even if thrombolysis is followed by anticoagulation.


3-Alkyl/aryl-3-ureido-1H,3H-quinoline-2,4-diones (2) and 3a-alkyl/aryl-9b-hydroxy-3,3a,5,9b-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-2,4-diones (3) react in boiling concentrated HCl to give 5-alkyl/aryl-4-(2-aminophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ones (6). The same compounds were prepared by the same procedure from 2-alkyl/aryl-3-ureido-1H-indoles (4), which were obtained from the reaction of 3-alkyl/aryl-3-aminoquinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones (1) with 1,3-diphenylurea or by the transformation of 3a-alkyl/aryl-9b-hydroxy-3,3a,5,9b-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-2,4-diones (3) and 5-alkyl/aryl-4-(2-aminophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ones (6) in boiling AcOH. The latter were converted into 1,3-bis[2-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)phenyl]ureas (5) by treatment with triphosgene. All compounds were characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as atmospheric pressure chemical-ionisation mass spectra.