Based on the theories and methodologies of emergy,the structure and function of agro-ecosystem of Yuli oasis in 1995-2006 was evaluated.According to the emergy theories,some ratios and indices were calculated.The results showed that both the total emergy input and output were increased obviously,as well as the emergy yield ratio(EYR) and the emergy per capita(EPC).However,there was a very single industrial structure in agro-ecosystem of Yuli oasis.In addition,environmental pressure of system increased significantly,and sustainability of system decreased continuously.


We describe a 54-year-old man with myasthenia gravis, thymoma, systemic muscle twitch particularly of both lower limbs, hyperhidrosis and lower limb pain. The muscle twitch resembled to fasciculation rather than to myokymia and was persistent after discontinuation of anti-acetylcholinesterase drug. No attenuation nor disappearance of the muscle twitch was educed by spinal anesthesia. However, it disappeared when a nondepolarizing type muscle relaxant (pancuronium bromide) was used. The muscle twitch was thus considered to originate from peripheral axons. Thymoma was considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of these unusual clinical manifestations which may constitute a new myasthenic syndrome.


From February to November In 1934,it was published in Chosun Ilbo (Korean Daily) that the debate on necessity of the revival of oriental medicine and reevaluation and comparison of oriental medicine and western medicine. This debate clarified the defect of western medicine and the merit of oriental medicine, and proved the necessity of revival of oriental medicine. Furthermore, it made clear the purpose and methods of the revival of oriental medicine and established a theoretical foundation of the revival of oriental medicine. The debate had a profound influence on both independent Korea's dual medical system in which oriental medicine and western medicine exist simultaneously and oriental medicine education.


This document, static and dynamically, analyzes the changes in living conditions in Colombia between 1997 and 2003 by means of an alternative index which includes health aspects and the time spent in mobilization. These variables reduce the importance granted to physical capital in other indexes and increase the differences between rural and urban areas. This index provides new elements for discussion on health and transport policies.


Consumer protection act which takes care of consumer's rights. This act covers various sectors. One of these sectors is a banking sector. As per act in banking sector consumer is a person who avails or hires a service for consideration. So any person who owns an account in the bank or takes a service from bank becomes its customer and he can file a complaint for deficiency or regarding unfair practices by the banks. The bank is liable for deficiency in service for inordinate delays in providing banking services and the customer of the bank is entitled to claim compensation for the loss and the injury suffered by him due to the inordinate delay in the payment. This act provide for easy and fast redressal of the complaint of the customers. For fast redressal of the complaints RBI is running Ombudsman scheme under its governance which aims at protecting the consumer.


ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of ethylene action inhibition (by sprayable formulation of 1-methylcyclopropene; 1-MCP) and ethylene synthesis inhibition (by aminoethoxyvinylglycine; AVG) on preharvest apple fruit maturation. 'Royal Gala' apple trees were sprayed with 1-MCP (at 50 or 100 mg L-1)) seven days before anticipated harvest (DBAH), or with AVG (124 mg L-1)) 28 DBAH. Apple trees not sprayed with 1-MCP and AVG were used as control. Fruit were harvested weekly,along five weeks from the 7th day after 1-MCP spraying, and then analyzed in terms of maturity and quality one day after harvest. Fruit maturity and quality attributes when fruit reached the flesh firmness of 71.1 N were estimated by analysis of regression, for each treatment. 1-MCP (50 and 100 mg L-1)) and AVG delayed fruit maturation, by reducing the ethylene production rates, starch degradation, loss of flesh firmness and acidity, skin yellowing, increase of soluble solids content and skin red color development. 1-MCP (100 mg L-1)) and AVG delayed in 6 and 12 days, respectively, the time required for fruit to reach the flesh firmness of 71.1 N on the tree, in comparison to the control. Fruit treated with 1-MCP or AVG had starch index, ethylene production and acidity values similar or smaller than the control, at the date when all treatments achieved the flesh firmness of 71.1 N. The magnitude of 1-MCP effect on flesh firmness was similar to the effect on ethylene production and skin color, and slightly slower on starch degradation. The effects of AVG on ethylene production, skin color and acidity were more substantial than on loss of flesh firmness. The results show that the treatment of 'Royal Gala' apple trees with the sprayable formulation of 1-MCP represents an additional method for management of fruit maturation and harvest.


e21039 Background: Bone metastasis of breast cancer significantly compromises patient morbidity and mortality. Currently, no reliable methods detect or predict patients at increased risk for develo...


Central and Western Basque (CWB) dialects have a verb focalization construction involving the dummy verb egin, which as a lexical verb is akin to English 'make' or 'do.' (Rebuschi 1984, Ortiz de Urbina 1989, Zuazo 1998, Etxepare and Ortiz de Urbina 2003). An example of this construction is given in (1), which Ortiz de Urbina (1989) gives as a felicitous answer to the question, "What happened to your father?"


Objective: To examine whether subjective well-being and craving for cannabis were different in patients with schizophrenia or related disorders treated with either olanzapine or risperidone. Method: A 6-week, double-blind, randomized trial of olanzapine and risperidone was carried out in 128 young adults with recent onset schizophrenia or related disorders. Primary efficacy measures were the mean baseline-to-endpoint change in total scores on the Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptics scale, the Obsessive–Compulsive Drug Use Scale, the Drug Desire Questionnaire, and the cannabis use self-report. An analysis of covariance was used to test between-group differences. Results: Estimated D2 receptor occupancy did not differ between olanzapine (n = 63) and risperidone (n = 65). Similar improvements in subjective well-being were found in both groups. In the comorbid cannabis-using group (n = 41, 32%), a similar decrease in craving for cannabis was found in both treatment conditions. Conclusions: Both olanzapine and risperidone were associated with improved subjective well-being. No evidence was found for a differential effect of olanzapine or risperidone on subjective experience or on craving for cannabis in dosages leading to comparable dopamine D2 occupancy. Objectif: Examiner si le bien-être subjectif et l'état de manque de cannabis étaient différents chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie ou de troubles connexes traités à l'olanzapine ou à la rispéridone.


Integrative and Complementary Practices (PICs) are a reality in the Unified Health System (SUS) since 2006, by the National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices (PNPIC). This study aimed to know the main characteristics of scientific production on PICs in basic health care developed in Brazil during the first 10 years of PNPIC implementation, in addition to pointing out the main results observed in these studies. The method was supported by bibliometrics. As a result, the researches related to the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) and publications of the journal 'Ciência e Saúde Coletiva' stand out. The largest number of articles was published between 2011 and 2014. Most of them intended to analyze the context of implementation and use of PICs. Phytotherapy, homeopathy and acupuncture were the most mentioned. As a result of the use of PICs, it was founded: reduction of medicalization; empowerment and accountability of users; reduction of the frequency of common mental disorders; low cost; absence of side effects; health promotion. Among the main problems are: mental disorders; social relationships; psychosomatic; insomnia; chronic diseases. The potentialities and weaknesses cited in the studies deserve more attention from academia and managers of the health area.


Predictive information exists ubiquitously in the visual environment. Such information signals the probability or likelihood of upcoming events, thus facilitating the visual system in preparing optimal responses in advance. This ability of the visual system to implicitly acquire predictive and probabilistic information has been well documented by behavioral evidence from many domains (e.g., spatial, temporal, and abstract probability). Recently, neurophysiological studies have begun to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying these learning processes and suggest a critical involvement of the fronto-parietal network and medial temporal lobe. In this paper we review evidence for such learning at the visual attention and oculomotor control levels. We also review some of the studies that delineate the neural substrates that contribute to probability learning at both levels: including the frontal eye field, supplementary eye field, posterior parietal cortex, and medial temporal lobe. Together, each of these regions provides a unique and critical contribution to probability learning in visual attention and oculomotor control.


Despite the centrality of comprehensive plans to the profession of city and regional planning, there is a gap in knowledge about the quality of plans as they are not routinely evaluated against best practice standards. We discuss plan quality evaluation, an emerging methodology for assessing the quality of plans. We review the evolution of the concept, the dimensions covered, and the principles and criteria used. We then provide a comparative meta-analytic analysis of the findings from published plan quality evaluations, ranging from research studies in the United States to national planning policy applications in Holland and New Zealand, and offer recommendations about future directions in improving content analysis of plan documents and research design in plan quality evaluation.


【Objective】To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of 2-methoxyestradiol(2-MEO) on severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) in model rats and analyze its potential molecular mechanism.【Methods】Rat models with SAP were made to evaluate anti-inflammatory activities of2-MEO. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism was predicted via molecular docking and protein structure analysis.【Results】Compared with SAP group, the inflammatory changes of pancreas in 2-MEO group were alleviated; in high-dose 2-MEO group at the 6th hour after operation, blood amylase decreased significantly(P0.05) and ratio of dry/wet lung increased significantly(P0.05). Molecular docking study showed 2-MEO had a potential affinity for glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain(GR-LBD). The IL-12 expression of alveolar lavage fluid and ascites in high-dose 2-MEO group was significantly lower than that in SAP group(P0.05).【Conclusion】The anti-inflammatory effect of high-dose 2-MEO may result from identification and activation of glucocorticoid receptor as well as regulation of inflammation-related cytokines.


While the world are in pioneering orgasm,our students in business has been double low(entrepreneurship rate is low,low success) situation.The reasons of causing such a situation is various,including entrepreneurial legal risks of the existence and the safeguard mechanism is the lack of one of the most important factors.In this paper,the students in business in legal risks were analyzed,and examines the university student's pioneering work in two aspects of public law and the private law risk,and puts forward to construct university students' entrepreneurial safeguard mechanism i.e."external establish benign government,universities,social interactive mechanism,established within a reasonable and orderly students in business internal control mechanism" advice.


Two microbial communities were grown in chemostats receiving a low supply of inorganic Phosphorus (P) (10 µM) and different supplies of organic carbon (OC), ranging from 0 to 600 µM, either as glucose or a mixture of organic substrates. One community was a natural assemblage of lake plankton and the other was a model community composed of cultured organisms. As the supply ratio of OC to inorganic P increased, concentrations of dissolved OC increased, concentrations of dissolved P decreased and abundances of phototrophic algae decreased. Abundances of bacteria and phago- trophic organisms did not consistently change with the OC:P supply ratio. The model community was first established with a phototroph (Scenedesmus quadricauda) and bacteria; the steady states of this community were invasible by the mixotroph Ochromonas danica under all OC:P supply ratios used. When OC supply was high, both microbial communities persisted with higher concentrations of dissolved OC when mixed substrates, rather than glucose, were supplied. Otherwise, the effects of organic substrate composition appeared to be secondary to those of the OC:P supply ratio. These experiments confirm some elements of published theory on resource-based interactions among heterotrophic bacteria and phototrophic algae.


How do women religious, who embrace both feminist orientations and Catholic traditions, negotiate these seemingly incompatible directions? I draw on interview data from 26 women religious from eight religious communities in the province of Ontario, Canada, to demonstrate that while they experience considerable tension between feminism and Catholicism, they also manage to integrate the two orientations. In doing so, the sisters transform their spiritual, governance, and activist practices. The findings illustrate how women religious, a population that is often assumed to be traditional and loyally compliant with their church, actually challenge some of their institutional religion's precepts and engage in feminist-based transformative strategies to effect change both within and outside the Roman Catholic Church.


Keller Easterling's Organization Space (MIT Press, 1999) proposed the importance of network thinking and organizational logic behind the production of architectural space in order to investigate ''the real power of many urban organizations that lies within the relationships among multiple distributed sites that are both collectively and individually adjustable'' (p. 2). In Enduring Innocence: Global Architecture and Its Political Masquerades, she has fully realized this argument, extending the geographic boundary of architectural discourse to the new frontier of unfamiliar areas outside the United States. Here, she successfully shows how organizational logics are providing generic specification for assembling spaces for North Korean tourism, Spanish high-tech agricultural landscapes, East Asian container ports, Indian IT (information technology) campuses, golf courses, retail franchises, pirates, and terrorism around the world. The world landscapes described in the book appear more and more fragmented, with many isolated small worlds or segregated ''scapes,'' including golf worlds, mediascapes, ethnoscapes, technoscapes, and global port images. These different kinds of urbanism—such as agricultural urbanism, microwave urbanism, and broadcast urbanism—formulate a new global urbanism that extends the worldview through a new perspective.There is ''no one world,'' only many segregated worlds (p. 4). The design of the book represents the fragmented and segregated picture of these world landscapes. There are six case studies and three specific commentaries. The six stories ''DPRK,'' ''El Ejido,'' ''Franchise,'' ''Park,'' ''Shining,'' and ''Subtraction'' are paired with three distinctive terminologies, place names (''DPRK'' and ''El Ejido''), spatial typology (''Franchise'' and ''Park''), and analogy (''Shining'' and ''Subtraction''). The three commentaries ''Seas,'' ''Error,'' and ''Pirate'' provide a similar sense of detachment, although the essays have implicit links to the conceptualization of the stories. The writing strategy of defamiliarizing the six unfamiliar environments


360-degree evaluations are popular performance appraisal method that involves evaluation input from multiple levels within the firm as well as external sources. However, subordinate can be bias the ratings. The performance appraisal process is far from accurate and objective, sometimes resulting in rating errors. This article proposes an approach to minimizing subjective judgement in the effective employee evaluation in the existence of the multi-factor competency-based measures in a hierarchical structure using ANFIS and ANOVA algorithm. This study supports the ideas that the best MSE (0.0056) calculation is achieved by Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with ANOVA selection features. The method suggested helps Human Resource (HR) managers to make more objective decisions for put right man on right time. The predicting behavioural competencies of employees to make investment in human development more effective. It is also a change in the decision-making concept of Human Resource Development (HRD) from feelings about the decision based on more information. Journal of Mobile Multimedia, Vol. 16 4, 449–476. doi: 10.13052/jmm1550-4646.1642 © 2020 River Publishers 450 K. Lelavijit and S. Kiattisin


In this report we describe the technical details of our submission to the EPIC-Kitchens Action Recognition 2020 Challenge. To participate in the challenge we deployed spatio-temporal feature extraction and aggregation models we have developed recently: Gate-Shift Module (GSM) [1] and EgoACO, an extension of Long Short-Term Attention (LSTA) [2]. We design an ensemble of GSM and EgoACO model families with different backbones and pre-training to generate the prediction scores. Our submission, visible on the public leaderboard with team name FBK-HUPBA, achieved a top-1 action recognition accuracy of 40.0% on S1 setting, and 25.71% on S2 setting, using only RGB.


Objective To summarize the clinical experience of microsurgery in orthopedics.Methods From July of 1987 to December of 2006,1268 amputated fingers of 1038 patients have been replanted,97 amputated limbs have been replanted,156 thumbs and fingers of 112 patient's reconstruction with free toes were done,159 defect of soft tissues around limb have been treated with 8 kinds of free flaps.Bone with vascular transplantation had treated in 52 patients with bone defect or bone nonunion.Results The survival rate of amputated fingers replantation was 90.3%,the survival rate of amputated limbs replantation was 81.4%,the survival rate of free flaps transplantation was 94.7%.The survival rate of bone with vascular transplantation was 97%.Conclusion There is satisfactory clinical treatment outcome for complicated wounds of orthopedics by using microsurgery.


Remote time comparison is one of the key points in the generation of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and International Atomic Time (TAI). In 2006, All-in-View time and frequency transfer technology has replaced common-view for calculating TAI. The BeiDou satellite navigation system is a global navigation satellite system developed independently by our country. In order to promote the international popularization of BeiDou system and applied to the calculation of TAI, the BeiDou All-in-View was studied among the National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NTSC), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and Observatory of Belgium (ORB) through the BeiDou pseudo-range code output from GNSS receiver. It is proved that the BeiDou All-in-view's stability can reach the order of magnitude of 1E-14/day, and the completion of this research will provide a significant impact for BeiDou to participate in the calculation of TAI, and further enhance the international development and application of BeiDou.


The utility model discloses a tunnel wireless laser lofting device consisting of a computer, a servo electronic total station, a semiconductor laser and a wireless communicator. A serial port of the computer is connected with the wireless communicator. The total station is connected with the wireless communicator via the serial port. The semiconductor is installed in the ranging rotation part of the total station. The system completes the location of the system itself, the input of data of tunnel axis, data of excavation section and drilling and blasting schema and the work process of section measurement, section outline and blasthole location lofting under the control of computer software. The instrument can process arbitrary curve tunnel, arbitrary section morphology and drilling and blasting schema automatically and indicate excavation by laser beam fast and accurately. The instrument is suitable for various underground engineering constructions including tunnel excavation.


Background: Open label placebos with patient education are effective in reducing chronic pain, and recent studies on their effect on pain have established interest in this field. Nevertheless, data on their effect on acute pain are scarce, and on hyperalgesia and allodynia, absent. This study assessed the effect of open label placebos on acute pain in healthy adult males and the influence of placebo education. Methods: Thirty-two healthy males were included in this prospective, randomized, assessor-blinded crossover, single-center study assessing pain intensities (via numeric rating scale), area of hyperalgesia (von Frey filament), and allodynia (dry cotton swab) in a pain model utilizing intracutaneous electrical stimulation. The authors compared the effect of intravenous open label placebo on pain compared to no treatment. The authors further examined the effect of placebo on hyperalgesia and allodynia, and the influence of education (short vs. detailed) before placebo application. Saliva cortisol concentrations were also measured. Results: Pain ratings (median, first to third quartile) were 21% lower during placebo treatment compared to no treatment, 4.0 (3.2 to 4.9) versus 5.1 (4.7 to 5.4), respectively (P = 0.001). The areas of hyperalgesia and allodynia were lower during placebo treatment compared to no treatment (hyperalgesia, 30 cm2 [17 to 47] vs. 55 cm2 [42 to 68], P = 0.003; allodynia, 24 cm2 [11 to 39] vs. 45 cm2 [31 to 62], P = 0.007). This corresponds to reductions of 47%. The extent of placebo education had no effect on pain. Saliva cortisol decreased significantly over time and was under the limit of detectability in the majority of participants in postbaseline measurements in both treatment branches. Baseline cortisol was not associated with the placebo effect or strength applied of current to reach defined pain ratings. Conclusions: Open label placebos might play a role in multimodal analgesic concepts. Using a well-characterized electrical pain sensitization model in human volunteers, the effects of short versus detailed placebo educational protocols were measured. Open label placebo treatment reduced pain sensitization in the volunteers, but the extent of placebo education did not modify these responses.


A size measuring tool comprises a ruler frame, a fixing measuring head and a moving measuring head, wherein the ruler frame is in a ] shape or an arc shape, the fixing measuring head and the moving measuring head are fixedly connected to insides of two ends of the ruler frame, heights of upper ends of the fixing measuring head and the moving measuring head are the same, the fixing measuring head and the moving measuring head form a pair of measurement gaps of yokes and opposite faces, the fixing measuring head comprises a support rod, a fixing measuring probe and a fixing measuring anvil, the fixing measuring anvil is a ball head face, the fixing measuring probe is fixedly connected to the support rod, the fixing measuring anvil is arranged at the top of the fixing measuring probe, the moving measuring head comprises a support seat, a moving measuring probe, a moving measuring anvil and a dial gage or a dial indicator, the moving measuring anvil is arranged at the top end of the moving measuring probe and is a ball head face, and the moving measuring probe and the dial gage form a lever structure through the support seat. The shape of measuring probes is thin, ball head faces of measuring anvils are small, the external size of a boss of which the height is small in the plane can be measured, the positioning is accurate, the zero adjustment function is achieved, the tolerance relative quantity of fixed sizes can be measured, the number is read simply and reliably and the measurement is convenient.


Knudsen, Kiel' R.; And Others Emphasis in Educational Research: A Description of Selected Substantive and Methodological Characteristics of Proposals in the 1973 National Institute of Education (NIE) Field Initiated Studies (FIS) Program. National Inst. of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. 16 Apr 74 NE-C-00-3-0287 20p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Fducational Research Association (Chicago, April 1974); The project on which this paper is based was conducted by Minnesota Systems Research, Inc., Minneapolis


In order to make sure the effect of immediately drying on rice quality during harvest time,the difference of head rice rate,taste quality and texture characteristic between immediately drying and deferred drying were analysed,and the trait for this two technologies were compared.The experiment suggested that the difference of head rice rate between immediately drying and deferred drying was not significant during the common harvest time,the taste quality for immediately drying was superior to that for deferred drying.The difference of taste value between this drying technologies was not significant for the harvest time after hoar frost falls.When the moisture content was 19.64%,head rice rate and taste value were max for immediately drying,and the max were 72.22% and 82.58.


The data used in this comparison of requirements for admission to higher institutions in our seven northeasternmost states with those in eleven western and Pacific coast states were drawn from two chief sources, (1) the printed statements of admission requirements, and (2) responses to a questionnaire. Copies of the questionnaire were directed to the registering officers, who were requested to supply the printed statement at the time the blank of inquiry was being returned. The lists of institutions used in sending out the questionnaire were those appearing in the Educational Directory (1916-17) of the United States Bureau of Education, published as Bulletin No. 43, 1916, and issued early in 1917. The lists of colleges and universities in this directory totaled seventy-three for the New England states and New York and fifty-one for the eleven western and Pacific Coast states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, and California. Thus the schools whose admission requirements are represented in the tabulations were not selected, except as to locality, and except in so far as there is selection in making up the lists appearing in the directory. The extent of selection for the latter purpose may be inferred from a quotation from a letter directed to the writer by a member of the bureau staff:


AbstrAct Purpose: of this paper is to study the effect of the electron radiation, generated in a high voltage accelerator, on surface free energy (SFE) of low density polyethylene film. Design/methodology/approach: An LAE 13/9 linear accelerator (former USSR) was used to irradiate the examined polyethylene film. The maximum electron energy was 13 MeV, controllable energy range, 5-13 MeV, and average power of the electron beam, 9 kW. The contact angles were measured with a G 11 goniometer (Kruss GmbH, Germany) using doubly distilled water, glycerol, formamide, diiodomethane, and α bromonaphthalene. The calculations of SFE were done by means of the Owens Wendt or the van Oss-haudhury-Good methods. Findings: The value of the SFE for the polyethylene film, increasing monotonically with the radiation dose, depends on both the applied method of calculation and the set of measuring liquids. The differences between the results obtained with these two methods and sets of liquids generally increase with the radiation dose.


This invention relates to a surge ELECTRIC MADE FIXING A PILE OF BLOCKS varistors WITH METAL OXIDE BETWEEN terminal ends, by passing a rod through through holes'S IN BLOCKS varistors AND FIXING THE END OF THE ROD A THE FINAL ENDINGS. PASSING HOLES ARE LARGER THAN THE CROSS SECTION OF THE ROD AND INJECTED MATERIAL SILICONE RUBBER IN THE BLANKS TO EXIST BETWEEN THE ROD AND INTERIOR SURFACES OF HOLES IN BLOCKS varistor. The rubber material is also molded SILICONE AROUND THE EXTERIOR WALL BLOCKS AND FORM AN OVERLAPPING varistor EXTERIOR WRAP THAT PROTECTS LIMITADOR. LININGS RUBBER SILICON ON THE INTERIOR SURFACE AND EXTERIOR BLOCK varistor performs a function passivation which means can be omitted IMPORTANT cost to MANUFACTURERS COATINGS passivation WILLING NORMALLY ON SURFACES OF BLOCKS varistors.


Computer simulation is an efficacious media tool for ecological architecture in the in the Era of Pictures Reading . It requires much more knowledge than before as an architect . This article provides an overview of the history of computer simulation and the use of simulation in the process of the architecture design. Then through the case studies, the article proposes fore fundamental points to the architects about the architecture design with the help of computer simulation.


The present paper presents a unified cloud-based framework for offering Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) services to elderly with cognitive impairments aiming at prolonging and supporting their independent living, through interoperable, open, personalised and seamless ICT solutions. Through its cloud architecture that is based on the OSGi framework, the proposed framework enables easy registration and integration of AAL services to the platform and also easy, transparent, personalised and contextualised access to all the supported services to the cognitively impaired elderly end-users and their caregivers.


The research excavations of the Okinoshima site that were conducted in three series in a period from 1954 to 1971 brought to light ancient rituals associated with the huge rock group aggregated in the vicinity of the Okitsu-Miya Shrine. Beginning in the second half of the 4th century the rituals of the discovered sites shifted from "on top of rocks", "in the shade of a rock", "partly in the shade of a rock and partly in the open air", and finally coming to an end in the 8th/9th century, to such "in the open air". Forty years have passed since the publication of the reports of the scientific investigations; it is opportune to make a re-examination, incorporating the advancement in Shintō archaeology that has been made since then. This paper first summarizes the results of the published research excavation reports, reviews them critically from the latest academic point of view and looks for future tasks. Then, the local rituals in the Munakata region around the time of the beginning of the state-related ritual type on Okinoshima Island are studied in light of the archaeological knowledge that has been obtained after the publication of the reports in order to discuss the emergence of the chiefly stratum and interactions with the Yamato polity. Finally, the significance in the 4th/5th-century society of the rituals of dedicating ironware raw material in the form of flat iron ingots to the goddess, which were performed in the first phase of rituals on Okinoshima Island (on top of rocks), is discussed based on the cases of their use as tomb grave goods, in forge, in rituals etc...


Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of gastric ulcer and analgesic effect of traditional remedy "Sai ho so can thang gia vi" in the experiment.Subjects and methods: Studying the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract from the traditional remedy "Sai ho so can thang gia vi" on a model of gastric ulcer induction by Indomethacin in Swiss white mice.Studying the analgesic effect of the extract on the acetic acid-induced colic model in the white rat strain Wistar.Results: This study has shown that the remedy of adding 8g of Chromolaena odorata leaves at a dose of 150mg/kg/day had a protective effect on the gastric mucosa in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in white rats through the following criteria: Reduces the percentage of mice with ulcers compared with the model batch, but the difference is not statistically significant (p>0.05), but it significantly reduces the ulcer index and the percentage of ulcer inhibition (p<0 .05); significantly reduces the damage on the macroscopic and microscopic images of the rat stomach. Traditional remedies at all three dosage levels (30mg/kg/day, 60mg/kg/day and 120mg/kg/day) have analgesic effects on the acetic acid-induced colic model, reducing the number of colic episodes statistically significant compared with the model batch (p<0.05 and p<0.01).Conclusion: The traditional remedy "Sai ho so can thang gia vi" at a dose of 150mg/kg/day showed a protective effect on gastric mucosa in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in white rats and at all three dose levels (30mg/kg/day, 60mg/kg/day and 120mg/kg/day) had analgesic effects on the acetic acid- induced colic model.


The development of optical microscope and electron microscope is reviewed in this paper,with emphasis on introduction of important development of microscope technology since the 20th century,especially on Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope and Scanning Tunneling Microscope.


The range of loads for which limit cycles exist was found to be substantial. This is important for the operation of large machinery because such cycles permit the operation at loads much higher than the ones that correspond to the onset of instability of the linearized system. The conditions for the limit cycle deterioration into chaotic orbit are investigated. Analytical expressions have been obtained for the different stability thresholds for the De Laval rotor.


Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic disease that is rapidly increasing worldwide. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with NAFLD in nondiabetics from South India. Participants and methods We recruited 345 asymptomatic participants consecutively, and the study period was between January 2014 and December 2017. All participants underwent risk factor evaluation, fasting serum lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin A1c, liver function test, and abdominal ultrasound. Results Of 345 participants, men represented 213 (71%). The mean age of the participants was 58.4±11.1 years, with age range from 24–68 years. Prevalence of NAFLD was seen in 22%. On risk factor evaluation, 107 (31%) were hypertensive, 89 (25.7%) smoked, 52 (15%) were overweight, 110 (24.9%) were obese, and 113 (32.7%) had dyslipidemia. The mean CRP was 12.7±9.5 mg/l. High γ-glutamyl transferase levels, elevated CRP levels, obesity (45, 59.2%), high total cholesterol (49, 64.4%), low levels of high-density lipoprotein (28, 36.8%), high levels of low-density lipoprotein (27, 35.5%), and high triglycerides (31, 40.7%) were significantly associated with NALFD compared with non-NAFLD. After adjustment using multiple regression analysis, obesity (odds ratio: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.18–6.16), high total cholesterol [odds ratio: 4.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.91–9.43], low high-density lipoprotein (odds ratio: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.20–4.47), high low-density lipoprotein (odds ratio: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.58–6.17), high triglycerides (odds ratio: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.33–4.60), and elevated CRP levels (odds ratio: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.21–3.39) were significantly associated with NAFLD. Conclusion Our study established obesity, CRP positivity, and dyslipidemia as independently associated with NAFLD in South Indian patients.


In order to enhance the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns more efficiently, a thought to strengthen concrete columns by using steel bar/wire mesh mortar (FS)was proposed. An experimental study including five RC square columns strengthened with FS and steel bar mat mortar (S), respectively, under constant axial loading and lateral cyclic loading was carried out. Seismic bearing capacity, ductility, failure modes and hysteretic characteristics of all columns were tested, and the effect of reinforcement ratio and strengthening method to the tested columns was analyzed. The results showed that the energy dissipation capacity of FS strengthened columns was 73% higher than that of the S strengthened column, though the reinforcement ratio of the former was only 3.02% higher than that of the latter.


Oral hygiene refers to the practice of keeping the mouth, teeth and gums clean and healthy to prevent oral disease. Oral hygiene is often taken for granted but it is essential part of our daily life.Oral hygiene is the practice of maintaining a clean oral cavity to prevent dental diseases such as dental cavities, gingivitis, periodontitis and bad breath. A total of 150 cricketers were involved in the study . Self administered questionnaire related to the oral hygiene practices along with sociodemographic details was prepared and it was distributed through an online survey link. Based on hypotonic and isotonic content of the sports drink , the majority of the participants(58.7%) prefer isotonic sports drinks and the remaining participants( 41.3%) prefer Hypotonic .About 58% of participants eat chocolate regularly. 54.6% of participants agreed that dental erosion affects oral health . 56% of participants think oral health has an impact on sports performance. In the present study, the knowledge,attitude and practice of oral hygiene is moderate.For further improvement, awareness about maintaining good oral health should be created among the public. Erosion can be prevented by educating the subjects about the risks associated with carbonated drinks which is more common among sportsmen and young adults.


Abstract Carboxylic esters, when refluxed in an aqueous suspension of Dowex-50, furnish the corresponding carboxylic acids in excellent yields. Tertiary ester and nitriles remain unaffected under this condition and β-keto esters undergo smooth decarboxylations.


The energy management of storage systems based on electrochemical batteries is one of the most investigated topics in smart grid and transportation issues [1]. In particular, in EV and HEV applications the battery pack requires a Battery Management System BMS to optimize the control strategies in terms of safety and performance. Such control strategies are usually implemented on Energy Storage System (ESS) exploiting a suitable model of the battery pack that ensure an appropriate accuracy in the estimation of State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) while avoiding too large computational complexity. In the field of power electronics for automotive applications, the trade-off between the response accuracy and the computational effort is obtained by using models based on equivalent electric circuits [2]. In BMS applications, a significant example about the influence of the ESS circuit model can be reported by considering SOC estimation methods based on observers [3, 4]. This category includes sliding mode, Luenberger, PI-based and other similar observers. Their implementation always leads to the use of parameter-varying circuit models. In Figure 1, the schematic representation of a generic PI-based observer is shown [5]. In such a case, the correctness of SOC and SOH estimations is strongly related to the accuracy of the circuit model response. In particular, considering demanding application that shows huge current range, the circuit model can provide a wrong voltage estimation that implies large errors in the ESS state evaluation. In recent years, several authors have carried out some reviews about models for ESS. Significant examples are in [6-8]. From a review of the existing literature, it can be stated that a comprehensive analysis on battery circuit models cannot be conducted by considering a single comparison criterion. In this paper, a comparison of different equivalent circuits used to model battery packs in the automotive field has been reported on the basis of a multi-criteria analysis, also considering large experimental data.


W Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, is widely regarded as one of the preeminent physicists of the nineteenth century. His name is synonymous with the science of energy, and especially the conservation of energy, which, by the end of the century, "was a central and indispensable plank not only of physics but across a whole range of sciences." Kelvin's elevation to the peerage, announced in January 1892, was an unprecedented honor for a scientist. This honor may be attributed both to his scientific and practical achievements at the University of Glasgow, where he spent his entire professional career, and to his Liberal Unionist opposition to W. E. Gladstone's policy of legislative independence, or Home Rule, for Ireland. In addition to the prominent roles he played in science and politics, Kelvin, like many other scientists of the period, combined his scientific research with a commitment to orthodox protestant Christianity. This article argues that Kelvin's Irish background was very important in shaping his attitude toward the interconnected areas of science, politics, and religion. Especially important was the influence of his father, James Thomson,


Due to the popularity of the name Marcus, C. Clifton Black has argued that there is no necessary identity between the John Mark of the book of Acts (12:12, 25; 13:5, 13; 15:37-39) with the Mark(s) found in the Pauline corpus (Col 4:10; Phlm 24; 2 Tim 4:11), the first epistle of Peter (1 Pet 5:13) or the writings of Papias of Hierapolis (cf. Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 3.39.15). On the contrary, this paper will propose that the author of Luke-Acts was not only aware of Mark's connection with Paul and Barnabas, but also critically interacted with the developing traditions about the evangelist Mark. The positive and negative aspects of the literary characterization of John Mark may be a clue to the ambivalent reception of Mark's gospel in Luke-Acts.


Wide-area measurement system (WAMS) offers a new solution for networking control of power system. The authors analyze the wide-area measurement signal based thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) system, establish a TCSC system model based on wide-area measurement. By means of leading in additional state variables the time-delay system is changed into discrete control system that does not contain time-delay, and by use of discrete sliding-mode control method a state feedback controller is designed. An effective method to settle the chattering in sliding-mode controller is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the simulation with single machine infinite system is conducted. Simulation results show that with the proposed method the stability of power system can be effectively retained.


Ultraviolet spectroscopy with the IUE satellite has been used to survey all Cepheids brighter than 8 th magnitude to identify blue companions. The derived binary frequency is 21% with blue companions which implies that 34% would have been found from a large radial velocity survey. A second study has used deep IUE exposures of Cepheids showing orbital motion to determine the distribution of mass ratios in Cepheid binaries. Low mass companions are strongly preferred, especially when corrections for incompleteness are included.


Since an early phase of design intrinsically contains uncertainties from various sources of variations, design performances are fluctuating or reflect uncertainty caused by uncertain design variables. Analysis tool such as finite element method (FEM) is useful for structural analysis. However, using unique point solution does not express information about uncertainties. Designers need to figure out an outline of the structural feature and have to obtain a design idea under some uncertain design information in a structural design at the early phase of design. We have proposed a preference set-based design (PSD) method that generates a ranged set of design solutions that satisfy sets of performance requirements. This study proposes a structural design method for the early phase of design based on the PSD method that is possible to analyze structure with design uncertainty by elastic FEM and obtain a ranged set of design solutions. That is, a design method for analyzing structures and obtaining a ranged set of design solutions with uncertainties of material property and dimension of structure (coordinates of geometry) under fluctuating distribution of performance characteristics of stress and displacement is proposed. In order to illustrate the availability of our approach, design problem of 3-dimensional truss structure is solved.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) features included elastography and B-mode features for differentiating malignant from benign lymph nodes(LNs). Methods. 84 patients with 151 enlarged mediastinal and hilar LNs underwent endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) were involved in the retrospective study from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Scores of EBUS elastography, EBUS B-mode features and final pathological results were recorded. Receiver operating characteristics, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the diagnostic yield of elastography and B-mode features for malignant LNs. Results. Total 84 patients of 151 LNs were enrolled in the single center retrospective study, which included 108 malignant nodes and 43 benign nodes obtained from 59/25 patients respectively. EBUS elastography score 4-5 differentiated malignant LNs from benign nodes with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy 85.05%, 77.27%, 90.10%, 71.0% and 82.23% respectively. EBUS B-mode features round shape, heterogenenous echogenicity and absence of CHS showed statistical diagnostic yield by multivariate logistic analysis. ROC analysis suggested the combined AUC for elastography, round shape, absence of CHS and hetergeneous echogenicity was 0.849. Conclusions. EBUS features are effective for differentiating between benign and malignant LNs. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao medical college affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital (NO. 2014-111).


The paper presents experimental survey of parents of children with disabilities. The aim of this study was to identify psychological and pedagogical difficulties of parents of children with disabilities in terms of inclusive practices. Implementation of research tasks was achieved on the basis of methods of psychological diagnostics. The study showed that parents raising children with disabilities face many psychological and pedagogical difficulties. These difficulties hinder the development of parental competencies that are necessary for full child's involvement in an inclusive process.


Atlantoaxial instability (AAI) is characterized by excessive movement at the junction between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) as a result of either a bony or ligament abnormality. Atlantoaxial instability with and without basilar invagination poses a considerable challenge in management regarding reduction, surgical approach, decompression, instrumentation choice, and extent of fusion. A variety of strategies have been described to reduce and stabilize cranial settling with basilar invagination. Epidemiology Atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) is the most common bony craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomaly followed by basilar invagination (BI) and assimilation of the atlas. Atlantoaxial dislocation in children is a very rare condition. see Atlanto-axial subluxation. Types Antero-posterior subluxation Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation Etiology May be due to: Disruption of the transverse ligament and increase of the atlantodental interval. The causes of AAI are varied. AAI sometimes results from trauma. Other cases occur secondary to an upper respiratory infection or infection following head and neck surgery. Atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis see Atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis.


An experimental analysis was undertaken to establish the failure strengths in tension and compression along the strong direction (machine direction) and the weak transverse plane of isotropy (cross direction) for a typical paperboard. The principal strengths of the material along the strong machine direction and on the transverse plane which may be assumed to be approximately isotropic allowed the possibility of forming the elliptic paraboloid failure locus corresponding to this type of material. It was shown that papers in general are tension strong materials having the infinite part of their parabo loid failure surface turned toward the tension-tension-tension octant in the principal stress space.


This paper inquires into monetary standards, focusing on the characteristics of money instead of the exchange rate regime. The transition from commodity to fiat money, a major break in monetary evolution, has led to international arrangements that represent an application of the competitive money supply model (section 1), which is consistent with various optimality criteria and has far‐reaching implications for the future development of the monetary system (section 2).


War poster shows three women who work for the war effort an office worker, a welder, and factory worker.
I.S.D. No. 180.
U.S. Army official poster.


The concept of customer satisfaction has attracted much attention in recent years. Organizations that try to analyze this concept should begin with an understanding of various customer satisfaction models. In this paper, the emphasis is on reviewing the main concepts and models of customer satisfaction.


With the network function being the major concern, this paper aims to approach the problem of how to innovate and expand the automatic system in libraries of the 21st century from two angels-the needs of readers and the management and service of libraries. The paper holds hat library automatic system should make full use of the unique documents and information of different libraries through internet. It is expected that the newly-proposed automatic system can connect libraries with internet so as to build up unique retreval engines that can come in direct contact with global webs and to provide the global readers with characteristic service by making the home pages of libraries become the first stop of the readers network journey.


The file of Win32 PE is the main executable file format of windows operating system for windows operating system is widely used,Win32 PE-virus has become one of most dangerous computer viruses to computer safety,for the most widely spread virus-win32 PE virvus,the paper analyzes the infection principle and points out several methods of dection,so it is necessary to clear the computer virus.


constantly evokes transformation, change, and process. Another difference is that the ''lover'' rhetoric, so essential to Sufism, was too much for the Chinese; the ''lover'' becomes the ''obstructer'' in Liu's translation (pp. 174–175)! Sometimes, civilizations really are different. Not only scholars, but also many readers seeking religious, devotional, or philosophical knowledge and experience, will find value in this book. Both the Persian text and the Chinese sources hold more than antiquarian interest. They are challenging, profound, and original works. Clearly, the study of contacts between China and the Near East is finally coming into its own. Wheat and barley spread from the latter to the former before 2000 B.C. Alfalfa and grapes followed in the Han dynasty. Islam reached and crossed China's frontiers by the middle of the eighth century. The Mongols massively transferred Near Eastern medical knowledge to China, via such books as the Hui-hui Yao-fang and Yin-shan Cheng-yao.1 Translations of Islamic devotional texts came only much later. Now, at last, English-reading philosophers, too, can benefit from one of the more striking cultural contacts in history.


Background Radiotherapy after breast-conserving therapy is a standard postoperative treatment of breast cancer, which can be carried out with a variety of irradiation techniques. The treatment planning must take into consideration detrimental effects on the neighbouring organs at risk—the lung, the heart, and the contralateral breast, which can include both short- and long-term effects represented by the normal tissue complication probability and secondary cancer risk. Patients and Methods In this planning study, we investigate intensity-modulated (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal (3D-CRT) radiotherapy techniques including sequential or simultaneously integrated boosts as well as interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy boost techniques of 38 patients with breast-conserving surgery retrospectively. We furthermore develop a 3D-printed breast phantom add-on to allow for catheter placement and to measure the out-of-field dose using thermoluminescent dosimeters placed inside an anthropomorphic phantom. Finally, we estimate normal tissue complication probabilities using the Lyman–Kutcher–Burman model and secondary cancer risks using the linear non-threshold model (out-of-field) and the model by Schneider et al. (in-field). Results The results depend on the combination of primary whole-breast irradiation and boost technique. The normal tissue complication probabilities for various endpoints are of the following order: 1%–2% (symptomatic pneumonitis, ipsilateral lung), 2%–3% (symptomatic pneumonitis, whole lung), and 1%–2% (radiation pneumonitis grade ≥ 2, whole lung). The additional relative risk of ischemic heart disease ranges from +25% to +35%. In-field secondary cancer risk of the ipsilateral lung in left-sided treatment is around 50 per 10,000 person-years for 20 years after exposure at age 55. Out-of-field estimation of secondary cancer risk results in approximately 5 per 10,000 person-years each for the contralateral lung and breast. Conclusions In general, 3D-CRT shows the best risk reduction in contrast to IMRT. Regarding the boost concepts, brachytherapy is the most effective method in order to minimise normal tissue complication probability and secondary cancer risk compared to teletherapy boost concepts. Hence, the 3D-CRT technique in combination with an interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy boost is most suitable in terms of risk avoidance for treating breast cancer with techniques including boost concepts.


The objectives of this study were to determine nutrient removal rates and algal community variation using the isolated microalgal strains Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. from an urban river water. The concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in river water declined after pouring into Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp., it was indicated that the Scenedesmus sp. had respective advantage in removing nitrogen (86% removal rate) and Chlorella sp. in removing phosphorous (95% removal rate). The algae community composition showed extreme sensitivity to change in the joint of the Scenedesmus or Chlorella, respectively, the lower diversity and higher dominance of algae can be observed in Scenedesmus group, there existed an opposite tendency in Chlorella group. The results demonstrated that the high potential of using Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. for nutrient removal from riverwater.


The selection of siphon, working principles of dryer and steam ejector, control principles and application for discharge of steam condensate in drying section of paper machines were briefly introduced.


From photorealistic sketches to schematic diagrams, drawing provides a versatile medium for communicating about the visual world. How do images spanning such a broad range of appearances reliably convey meaning? Do viewers understand drawings based solely on their ability to resemble the entities they refer to (i.e., as images), or do they understand drawings based on shared but arbitrary associations with these entities (i.e., as symbols)? In this paper, we provide evidence for a cognitive account of pictorial meaning in which both visual and social information is integrated to support effective visual communication. To evaluate this account, we used a communication task where pairs of participants used drawings to repeatedly communicate the identity of a target object among multiple distractor objects. We manipulated social cues across three experiments and a full internal replication, finding pairs of participants develop referent-specific and interaction-specific strategies for communicating more efficiently over time, going beyond what could be explained by either task practice or a pure resemblance-based account alone. Using a combination of model-based image analyses and crowdsourced sketch annotations, we further determined that drawings did not drift toward arbitrariness, as predicted by a pure convention-based account, but systematically preserved those visual features that were most distinctive of the target object. Taken together, these findings advance theories of pictorial meaning and have implications for how successful graphical conventions emerge via complex interactions between visual perception, communicative experience, and social context.


Over the past five hundred years, no single phenomenon has impacted as definitively on the making and shaping of current realities in Africa as the experience of the African colonial encounter with the West. Today, at the beginning of the 21 century, it is often considered problematic to suggest that colonialism as a heritage has been the major impediment to Africa's attempt to move forward in social advancement and development. The argument is that it is too easy to put the blame for Africa's failure on outsiders when Africans have supposedly been in control of their own affairs since the end of the colonial era some forty years ago. Certainly, Africa should take responsibility for its own failings. Corrupt, dictatorial and undemocratic practices have been the hallmark of life in almost all of Africa's post-colonial states. But everything that is happening in Africa is not under the control of Africans. African governments do not control the prices of the commodities that are sold in global markets, nor do they have any real say in the setting of the prices at which commodities are bought from the developed world. Despite the endless propaganda trumpeted from the West about free markets, the reality for Africans is that most Western markets for the items, largely agricultural, which are produced cheaply and easily, are closed. The European Union is the supreme case in point. What we face are quotas, tariffs and cartels. For Africa, free trade remains a pie in the sky. The minerals we produce in abundance are controlled by Western capital from the source of production of the raw materials, their sale, and destination of sale, with no value added at source. Our economies are perpetually under siege through pernicious and unequal trade practices managed by the West and the related Bretton Woods institutions. These latter institutions have become de facto parallel governments in many African states. With stagnating, shrinking economies and diminishing resources, it is not difficult to see (without condoning this) why the elites in Africa become so prone to corruption and the looting of the state. What I am saying is that a combination of internal and external forces is responsible for the current societal malaise in Africa.


The quantitative environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel supply chains are discussed. The specific chain examined consists of the extraction, transport, processing, distribution, and conversion activities required to produce high Btu, synthetic natural gas from Western coal. The analysis of the energy supply chain was made on a process basis. Impacts are expressed in terms of the energy input to each process. Since the information given is in part derived from a much larger data base, which has not been published yet, the complete data base is briefly described. Environmental impacts examined include air and water pollutants, solid waste, and land use. Primary and ancillary energy requirements (efficiencies) are examined in addition to the costs associated with each process in the high Btu gas energy supply chain. Environmental impacts are presented for the case of gas produced at a mine mouth using Western coal, gas made in the Chicago area using Western coal, and the current natural gas supply system.


A questionnaire survey on clothing for the visually impaired people revealed that many women in particular have a strong desire to enjoy fashion on their own. Visually impaired can not purchase clothing without the assistance of the sighted. Based on this background, there are several studies on clothing selection support for the visually impaired, and some of them have been commercialized. However, there are only a few studies that support the visually impaired people's clothing selection by recognizing clothing impression (casual, formal, etc.). Therefore, we design a feature extraction model by deep learning using DeepFashion, a clothing dataset, and investigate a method to extract impression words from clothing images.


Through the description of various depreciation methods for four types of medical equipments,the article discusses the depreciation problems encountered on actual works and analyses their individualities and commonness.A relatively reasonable depreciation method is developed in the paper.


Assistive technology enables children with disabilities to gain access, function independently and take advantage of schooling and social opportunities[1]. The need for alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) in all children is not the same[2] but AAC can aid in expressive language and also support intelligible speakers in developing and using communication skills in varied situations. While the range and flexibility of AAC has grown over the years, making devices accessible to children at varied economic and regional backgrounds, is still a challenge. KAVI-PTS is designed as a picture-to-speech Android application, and has been made available in several Asian languages. This application is conceived of as an inexpensive software alternative to communication charts. It can be easily configured to adjust contrast levels and customize selection modes, enabling children to have access to a tailor-made communication solution.


This paper designs a vision-aided automatic landing control law for small twin-engine fixed wing UAV. Under most circumstances, GPS data is not accurate enough for outdoor positioning, which resulting in three to five meters error. The vision sensor can perform runway detection and deliver the processed visual information for tracking in level flight stage during landing. At the same time, effective visual information can help correct systematic error of GPS so that more accurate data can be used for navigation when visual information is lost. Furthermore, logic variable corresponding constraints should be introduced to ensure the stability of UAV. Then, the horizontal and vertical state space models obtained from online parameter identification can be further combined with fusion data from various sensors, so as to separately design the horizontal and vertical controller based on model predictive control. Finally, the great control performance in actual flight test verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.


I have just finished the revision of the Neogene Echinids of Egypt preserved in the collections of the Cairo Geological Museum. Before the publication of this work, which will form the fourth fascicule of the Catalogue of the Fossil Invertebrates of Egypt, it has seemed to me that it might be useful to consider the fauna as a whole, drawing from it some conclusions as to the palæobiology of the Neogene seas of Egypt. I wish further to ascertain if the Echinids of this region can be of some aid as regards the stratigraphical divisions, and in synchronizing these with the divisions already established in the other regions of the Neogene basin of the Mediterranean.


As for the Electric Multiple Unit (EMU), the system to drive parallel-connected dual induction motors, as traction motor, controlled by one inverter is generally adopted. Nowadays, the induction motors control method without speed sensor is widely used. This paper describes the development of a traction motor control method which could suppress a wheel-slip by detecting it earlier and with smaller amount of torque drop than the conventional method, by focusing the amplitude difference between each traction motor current vector (current difference), for EMUs driven by the parallel-connected two traction motors without speed sensor equipped in the bogie. To verify the effectiveness of the developed control method, we performed the running test with water sprayed using a test EMU. As a result, the average EMU train acceleration in the running direction was increased by more than 5% and the maximum fluctuation width of the longitudinal vibration of the car body was reduced by half, as a result, the ride comfort was improved.


Abstract : In this paper we present a simple modification to the traditional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method for treating material cells. The Yee cell is split into 8 smaller material subcells so that each E and H field point is considered to be located at the crosspoint of 8 cells with differing material properties. Thus there is no longer an overlap of the material cells associated with the components of the E and H fields. The 8 material properties are averaged at each crosspoint Since the averaging is done outside the time marching loop there is little increase in the total computational time. Numerical results are shown for a sinusoidal plane wave scattering from a dielectric sphere. These results are compared with the exact Mie solution and the traditional material cell method along different cuts through the sphere. The splitting and averaging is shown to give improved amplitude accuracy in the vicinity of the sphere. Improvement is also observed at planar interfaces angled with respect to the grid. An additional benefit of this subcell formulation is that objects may be modeled with twice the geometrical resolution without increasing the size of the staggered grid.


$^{89}\mathrm{Y}(^{3}\mathrm{He},d)^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$ data taken with the Oak Ridge isochronous cyclotron with ${{E}^{3}}_{\mathrm{He}}=25$ MeV are analyzed. 35 states are observed between 5.08- and 8.12-MeV excitation with ${l}_{p}=2$ and ${l}_{p}=0$. These states are considered to be the antianalog single-particle-hole states of the ${{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{d}_{\frac{5}{2}}$, ${{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, and ${{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{d}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ proton configuration in $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$ mixed with "core-polarization" states. The possibility exists that there are some additional states of the ${{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{d}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ proton configuration higher than 8.12 MeV. The energy separation between the centroid of each of the ${T}_{l}={T}_{0}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}$ groups and the corresponding analogs with ${T}_{g}={T}_{0}+\frac{1}{2}$ is found to be approximately 7 MeV. The strength of the isobaric-spin-dependent potential, responsible for the splitting of the ${T}_{l}$ from the ${T}_{g}$ states, is calculated to be 148 MeV. Spectroscopic factors are extracted and are compared with theoretical sums of spectroscopic factors. The total number of ${T}_{l}$ states seen is in good agreement with the number calculated from considerations of core-polarization states mixed with the antianalog states through nuclear interactions.


Big Data generated in massive amounts by digital sources ranging from scientific instruments, business transactions to the social networks, has changed the way we understand and handle data. It has caused scientific and business community, as well as governments to focus on urgent technologies and policies to provide novel tools for management, analysis, access and scheduling of Big Data. These tools have to be flexible and scalable enough to be able to manage data in exa-scale with the help of data centers that can hold thousands of compute and storage nodes interconnected with high speed networks. In this study, we target the performance improvement that might have been achieved from scheduling of big data transfers and provide a flexible client based on a very widely adopted and acclaimed protocol GridFTP. The latest client provided by the Globus Toolkit project does not answer to the needs of highly intelligent optimized data transfer algorithms. With this flexible client, developers can implement various kinds of scheduling algorithms as well as apply optimization techniques like pipelining, parallelism and concurrency in much less restricted use cases. The ability to enqueue, dequeue, combine, sort and divide data transfers into groups helped apply these techniques easily resulting in performance improvements in terms of throughput in high-speed networks. The client was used to implement two different algorithms which were able to exploit its abilities and provided performance improvements in both cases comparing to baseline GridFTP and optimized UDT results.


For acquiring data to allergic reactions of a vehicle occupant, a system is provided, receivable comprising a recording and / or storage means (5, 30), by means of the pollen in the vicinity of the vehicle (1) and / or stored are.


Hiller, H. G. (1976). Aust. paediat. J., 12, 319–321. The radiological follow‐up of Aboriginal children with bronchiectasis treated surgically or medically. A review of the follow‐up chest X‐rays of aboriginal children who had undergone lobectomy for bronchiectasis was compared with the X‐rays of a similar group not submitted to surgery. Some 31% of the surgical group were found to have deteriorated radiographically, whereas the other group had radio‐graphically remained stable. The average period of follow‐up of the surgical group was 3–9 years compared with 3–8 years for the group treated medically.


Greenland extends for 550 km from north to south and 200 km from east to west (Henderson 1973; Henderson et al. 1981; Whittaker 1996). In a preliminary interpretation of the area offshore Disko and Nuussuaq, based on older seismic data, Whittaker (1996) described a number of large rotated fault blocks containing structural closures at top volcanic level that could indicate leads capable of trapping hydrocarbons. This work, combined with the discovery of oil in the basalts onshore, led the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) to acquire 1960 km of multi-channel 2D seismic data in the area between 68°N and 71°N in 1995 (Fig. 1). These seismic data are the primary data source for the interpretation presented in this paper. By combining the interpretation of the seismic data with modelling of gravity data, the possibility of oceanic crust being present in the volcanic offshore area has been tested. It has been found that the observed gravity field is inconsistent with the presence of oceanic crust, whereas continental crust with sediments below the volcanic section fits the modelling. In the uppermost part of the offshore volcanic rocks, divergent flow directions indicate the presence of an eruption zone (Skaarup 2001). Dating of onshore volcanic rocks, a new date from an offshore well, and the interpretation of seismic units suggest that the volcanic rocks in the offshore area were erupted at the earliest during magnetic chron C26r (60.9–58.4 Ma), and not much later than C24n (53.6–52.4 Ma).


In this paper, we propose Clustering method and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) for mobile robot. This paper describes the analysis and design of a new class of mobile robots. These small robots are intended to be simple and inexpensive, and will all be physically identical, thus constituting a homogeneous team of robots. They derive their usefulness from their group actions, performing physical tasks and making cooperative decisions as a Coordinated Team. To improve the performance of clustering, the method based on heuristic concept is used to obtain global search. The main advantage of clustering algorithm lies in the fact that no additional information, such as an initial partitioning of the data or the number of clusters, is needed. Since the proposed method is very efficient, thus it can perform object finding using clustering very quickly. In the process of doing so, we first use ACO to obtain the shortest obstructed distance, which is an effective method for arbitrary shape obstacles


In the election, the conflict will always exist. Whether it is a conflict between the election participants, between the participants and the election organizers or among the election organizers itself. The purpose of this research is to analyze the contribution of the Election Conflict Regulation on handling the election conflict in Sijunjung Regency and to analyze the response of the conflicting parties to the usage of the Election Conflict Regulation in Sijunjung District. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study plan. To see this problem, the researcher used Ralf Dahrendorf's Conflict Theory of Regulation which explains that conflict regulation can affect the high and low escalation of conflicts that occurred. The results showed that in the resolution of conflicts that had occurred both in the 2015 Regional Heads Election conflict or the conflict during the preparation of the 2019 General Election, researcher found that the General Election Conflict Regulation played a role / contributed in resolving the conflicts, where the conflicts could be controlled and resolved properly without any increase in violence. This was proven by the conflicting parties that accepted the decision given by the authorities in its settlement plus there were no other conflicting actors involved in the conflict.


Continue on reverse ~tide It necessary and Identify by block number) This i s the fina l report in a s tudy for AFCRL to evaluate the effects or clouds and precipitation on t emperature profiling with mi c rowave sys tems. A~ pa rt of t his s tudy severa l related investigations were made. These indwled a comparison of the Gross-Rcber and Van Vleck-Weisskopf line s hapes for oxygen absorption which showed that the two mode : s agreed well on the oxygen lines ncar 60 GHz and 118 GHz, but that the Van Vleck-Weisskopf model s i gnif i cantly overes timated the attenuation between 70 GHz and 100 GHz. An approxim:ltion of the effect of precipitation at microwave frequencies wa. a lso developed. Th is EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE ' UnclassJIIaS SUBJECT TO CHANGE I I SECURITY CL.ASSIFICATICN OF THIS PAGE ( When Det1t Enrrred) Unclass1t1e<1 SECURITY CI..ASSIP'ICATION OP' THIS ~AOI:(ft• DMa &ttered) model provided attenuation results in close agreement with those computed using full Mie theory, while avoiding the computational complexities associated wjth a detailed treatment of scattering effects. With the Gross-Reber line shape ~ nd the precipitation mode l incorporated in the simulation programs, sets of channels in two 60 GHz oxygen complex and near the 118 GHz oxygen line were selected, simulated, and inverted for atmospheric conditio11s repr~"senting mid latitude spring and tropical summer. The results of the inversions from each set of channels were quite good through the 118 GHZ were slightly less accurate at low altitudes due to a greater sensitivity to water vapor. Separate inversion analyses for specific cloud and h~~rometeor conditions showed that the 60 GHz channels were more accurate for temperature profiling in the presence of clouds and that temperature inversion results in the presence of rain were seriously degraded for both se ts of channels . Inversion for temperature data using these channels in the uplook i ng mode showed excellent results up to 500mb, without any channel optlmi zati~n . Separate investigations of the use of these oxygen channe ls with channel s near the 22 GHz and 183 GHz water vapor lines showed great promise in thL determination of cloud top height, cloud phase, layered liquid water and prop-size distribution.


Nanostructured Fe‐18Cr‐2Si alloys were developed by a combination of mechanically alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. SPS was carried out in vacuum at three different temperatures (900, 1000, and 1100 °C) with a fixed holding time of 10 min and an applied pressure of 50 MPa. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to study the effect of sintering temperature on the electrochemical properties of newly developed nanostructured ferritic Fe‐18Cr‐2Si alloy. XRD results showed that, after sintering, crystallite size increased with increasing sintering temperature and maximum crystallite size was 23.64 nm. The results showed that with increasing sintering temperature, corrosion resistance was increased in terms of pitting potential (Epit), passive current density (ip), and polarization resistance (Rp). The improved corrosion resistance was found to be closely related with the densification of the sintered alloys.


The purpose of this study is to establish the factors that affect the success by physically challenged entrepreneurs. The general objective of the study is to assess the entrepreneurial success among the physically challenged entrepreneurs in Thika Municipality-Kiambu County. The study seeks to establish the typical problems faced by the physically challenged entrepreneurs. The study targeted the population of physically challenged persons who run businesses in Thika municipality. The respondents were 27 physically challenged adult male and female entrepreneurs. The municipality was selected because it represented a true population of the republic of Kenya. Having a school for physically challenged proved passion and commitment by municipality community. Snowball method was used in identifying the participants since their population was less and not well established. The research design adopted was a survey research since the participants were few. Both qualitative and quantitative research was applied in order to triangulate the research findings. The two design methods were employed to complement each other. Data was collected using interviews as the main data collection instrument, questionnaire and observation methods were also used. Raw data was analyzed and interpreted in terms of pie charts and tables and conclusion was drawn. Pilot study was carried out in a different environment but with similar characteristics as those of the participants of the real study. The research findings showed that the most prominent barrier to starting a business among the physically challenged persons was difficulty in obtaining start-up capital, lack of suitable premises and mobility barriers in the environment. It was concluded that the physically challenged persons are in self employment; they successfully run enterprises with minimal challenges when the surrounding environment is barrier free and with the right skills for the particular work.


Abstract : Absolute solar x-ray flux in the wavelength range 2 to 12A is reported for the 3B flare of 8 July 1968. The measurements were made with satellites Explorer 33 and 35. Also given is the solar radio flux density at 15,375 MHz as observed by the North Liberty Radio Observatory. (Author)


The invention discloses a vehicle collision avoidance system based on double-mode cooperation. The vehicle collision avoidance system based on double-mode cooperation comprises a filtering mechanism unit, a neural network mechanism unit, an inspection mechanism unit, an accurate model unit, a first output mechanism unit and a second output mechanism unit. The conventional accurate mathematical model and a BP (Back Propagation) artificial neural network are combined, so that the high adaptability to the perceptions and behaviors of human beings can be achieved, and certain working conditions which cannot be quantified accurately are quantified in a fuzzy way; meanwhile, complex working conditions can be well depicted; the vehicle collision avoidance system has high self-learning characteristic, so that adaptability to the driving habit of a driver is achieved, the accuracy of a collision system is increased, and a vehicle is prevented from being collided while running.


The invention prepares transparent low-distance and high-distance films by ultrasonic spray thermolysis technique. It uses a technique of ultrasonic spray deposition, and has the characters of large area and high deposition ratio. By improving the film forming device by ultrasonic spray thermolysis, it changes the spout from one point to one slot, which makes gas uniformly ejected on a line. The sample moves at uniform speed in the direction of the vertical spraying slot so that the thickness of the deposited film can be made uniform and consistent. It can be used in preparation of the transparent low-resistance films and transparent intrinsic high-resistance films of solar energy batteries and LCDs.


In this paper, a simulation model for the study of the strategic decision for supply chain based on Cellular Automata is developed, considering the influences of implied uncertainty of demand and supply and competing capability of neighbor firms. The behavior of strategic decision between efficient supply chain and responsive supply chain is simulated. And The simulation results show good agreement with the behavior that is observed in practice, which implies that Cellular Automata is an effective analyzing method in the simulation of strategic decision for supply chain.


The levels of summary autoantibodies to asialo-GM1, GM1, GM2, GD1a, GD1b, GQ1b gangliosides in patients' blood with alcoholic dependence of different clinical groups examined. The maximum level of antibodies production to asialo-GMl, GM1 was observed at the patients with convulsive component. The levels of antibodies is low at the patients with old organic damage of CNS. The character of antibodies production to gangliosides is connected with activity and pathological process. The levels of antibodies to the minor type of gangliosides GM2, GD1a, GD1b, and GQ1b was higher at patients with acute organic damage of CNS. It is differ from the levels of antibodies at patients with old atrophic process.


Heterodera sacchari is recognised as one of the most important soil-borne pathogens affecting rice in Nigeria. Pot and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of H. sacchari on leaf chlorophyll content of five upland NERICA rice (NR) cultivars: NR1, NR2, NR3, NR8 and NR14. Three-week old rice plants in pots were each inoculated with: 0, 2,500, 5,000 and 10,000 eggs and juveniles, respectively. The experiment was a 5x4 factorial arranged in a complete randomised design (CRD) replicated 6 times. The field experiment was carried out on a H. sacchari naturally-infested field and the experimental design was a split-plot in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) replicated four times. Data were taken on leaf chlorophyll content using Minolta SPAD-502 meter. Final nematode population was determined from rice roots and soil. Root damage was accessed on a scale of 1-5. Where: 1= (0% no damage) and 5= (>75%severe root damage). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with LSD at P≤0.05. Leaf chlorophyll content of NR cultivars reduced significantly in nematode infected plants when compared with the control in both pot and field trials. Leaf chlorophyll depleted with increasing H. sacchari densities. In the field, leaf chlorophyll significantly reduced over time, increased root damage, wilting and eventual death of rice plants. These led to patchiness in the field, reduced plant population/ha and overall yield reduction.


The invention discloses trimetazidine and a production method for hydrochloride of trimetazidine, belonging to the technical field of chemical synthesis. The invention is characterized in that under nitrogen protection, the trimetazidine is prepared by taking 2, 3, 4-trimethoxybenzaldehyde and piperazine as raw materials and Pd/C as a catalyst in the present of H2. The trimetazidine and the production method for hydrochloride of trimetazidine have the advantages of low cost, high yield, good environmental protection and the like.


rel B expression is observed in the thymus at late stages of embryogenesis but rapidly increases after birth. In adult lymphoid tissues, rel B is detected in the medullary region of the thymus, the periarterial lymphatic sheaths of the spleen, and the deep cortex of the lymph nodes, which correspond to the regions where T cells of mature phenotype and interdigitating dendritic cells are present. Using double immunofluorescent labeling of thymic cell suspensions, we have identified the interdigitating dendritic cells as the target of RelB expression. These cells are part of a system of antigen-presenting cells that function in the induction of several immune responses, such as, tolerance, sensitization of MHC-restricted T cells, rejection of organ transplants and formation of T-dependent antibodies. Our observations indicate that RelB may play a particular role in the signal transduc-tion pathways that regulate dendritic cell differentiation and its cellular responses. anti-CD8 antibody (Pharmingen). M342 antibody was visualized with a goat polyclonal anti-hamster immunoglobulin antibody conjugated with FITC (Boehringer),anti-RelB antibody with a donkey polyclonal anti-rabbit immunoglobulin antibody conjugated with Texas red (TR, Amersham), and anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 antibodies with a goat anti-rat immunoglobulin antibody conjugated with FITC (Boehringer).


Introduction: The docimology or "science of examinations" is a scientific discipline devoted to the study of the examination in all its dimensions. The main objective is the development of standards guaranteeing valid, reliable and objective tests. It was adopted within a Medical School in 2007. Our aim was to analyze results of docimological survey results of written acute medicine examinations through a global approach, by discipline and by item. Method: This was a retrospective study analyzing the notes of acute medicine examinations (January and May sessions) of Second Cycle Medical Studies 3). We have calculated docimological parameters allowing three levels of assessment: global, by discipline, and items analysis. Results: We analyzed 407 scripts, 99 questions and 6,919 pieces of data. The overall success rate was 97.6%. Highest success rates were found in Medical resuscitation (87%). The lowest rate was found in emergency medicine (53%). The difficulty index for the January session was 0.53 and 0.61 for the May session. For the January session: 24% of questions were easy, 14% of questions were difficult and 61% were of acceptable difficulty. For the May session: 40% of questions were easy, 6% of questions were difficult and 54% were of acceptable difficulty. The discrimination index was 0.27 for the January session and 0.24 for the May session. Discrimination was very good in 18% of items and good in 25%. Useless and bad discrimination items were about 35% for both sessions. Average Cronbach's Alpha was 0.84, showing good internal-consistency. Conclusion: Overall, acute medical examinations have joined docimological recommendations and had an acceptable internal consistency and a good level of difficulty and discrimination. However, some weaknesses had been revealed specially for the discipline with low weighting. A reflection on the integration of questions would make up for these weaknesses. This would ensure better assessment and training.


Summary Objective Preoperative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) and postoperative histopathological examination (HPE) of resected specimens are still controversial issues in bariatric surgery. Methods A retrospective review of prospectively collected laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomies (SG) performed at our institution for morbid obesity was carried out. All patients underwent pre-operative UGIE with biopsy, post-operative HPE and conventional post-operative follow-up. Results From January 2019 through January 2021 we performed a total of 501 laparoscopic SG. A total of 12 (2.4%) neoplasms were found, 2 evident at preoperative UGIE, 4 detected during operation, and 6 at HPE. Eight of these 12 cases had some malignant potential and 5 would not have been detected without HPE of the specimen. The most significant unexpected case was a fundic gland type adenocarcinoma in a 64-year-old female with severe obesity. Conclusion On the basis of our clinical experience, we recommend both preoperative endoscopic assessment and postoperative HPE of the specimen to provide the best available treatment to these patients.


Under the effect of physical activity human body activate the mechanism of thermoregulation by producing sweat. The incipient sweat is inherently odorless but moisture and warmth promotes the proliferation of microorganisms on the surface of the skin. In particular, sportswears and shoes are suited environments for the growth of several bacteria and fungus. These microorganisms are responsible for the degradation of the compounds present in sweat and on the skin surface, in malodorous molecules. To address this problem of odor associated with perspiration, it seems appropriate to confer to textiles a function against micro-organisms and odorant molecules. The way explored in this work is the use of photocatalysis [1] in order to inhibit the growth of bacteria and to directly destroy the malodorous compounds. During this project, various catalysts and impregnation methods of the textile with catalysts were investigated. Optimized the amount of catalyst was determined in term of adhesion and performances. Their photocatalytic activities were first evaluated in aqueous phase with their performances on the formic acid photocatalytic oxidation. Then, an experimental setup, including an electronic nose, was designed to evaluate the photocatalytic activity in gas phase. The performances of these materials have been studied under UV light on the degradation of isovaleric acid, a model smelly compound. The efficiency of these materials under UV-A lamp and LEDs centered at a wavelength of 365 nm were compared and the photonic flux optimized. Complemently, the adhesion of the catalyst is evaluated by mechanical tests such as leaching (ISO 6330) or abrasion tests (ISO 12947-2). In parallel, bacteriological tests on the strain S.epidermidis, responsible for foot malodor, was performed using the ISO 20743 standard with and without photocatalysis. The influence of the exposition time and UV-A irradiation flux were studied on the degradation of this bacteria. Photocatalytic textiles have clearly shown an ability to degrade isovaleric acid in air and formic acid in water with a rate increasing with the increase of the quantity of titania deposited on the textile. The optimal coverage of photocatalyst and degradation rate have been determined in each case. These textiles also present antimicrobial activity after a few time under UV-A light and no effect on these bacteria in darkness, that could be consider as a proof of undestroying cutaneous flora. Reference [1]S. Silver, L.T. Phung, G. Silver, Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 33 (2006) 627-634.


Several recent articles have considered novel therapies in Parkinson's disease, ranging from controlled trials of cell transplantation techniques in patients through to experimental treatments with iron chelation therapy in animal models of the disease. Alongside such reports are frequent papers on the genetics of Parkinson's disease, the disorder once considered to be a key example of a 'non‐genetic disease'. This issue of Brain is no exception, containing two reports on parkin mutations in early onset parkinsonism.

Mutations in parkin were first identified in 1998, in Japanese patients with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (Kitada et al ., 1998). Subsequently parkin mutations were detected in cases of autosomal recessive early onset (<45 years) parkinsonism, in isolated young onset cases presenting as fairly typical Parkinson's disease and in familial cases with an age at onset of symptoms as late as 64 years (Abbas et al ., 1999; Lucking et al ., 2000; Klein et al ., 2000). The paper by Khan et al . (2003) in this issue of Brain builds on this literature by providing detailed clinical information on 24 cases of parkin related Parkinson's disease. These 24 cases were identified following screening of 115 cases with age at onset <50 years or 'unusual features'. As with previous reports, mutations were identified in several exons, with the same mutation identified in seemingly isolated and familial cases. Mutations in both parkin alleles were seen in 14 cases, while only a single mutant allele was identified in the remaining 10 cases. The ethnic origin of the cases was wide, …


In the last issue of Australian Archaeology, Richard Cosgrove, Steve Brown and I reported an unfinished excavation at Bone Cave, undertaken in May 1988 as part of the Southern Forests Archaeological Project (Allen et al. 1988). In January and February this year we returned to the site with a large team of students from La Trobe University, together with Darrell West and John Dickson from the Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre and Ian McNiven from the University of Queensland.


The construction of western ecological environment demands a spatial analysis of the pattern to recover vegetation according to biological zonality. This article illustrates the researching route of the spatial analysis of the pattern to recover vegetation according to biological zonality and gives a preparatory analysis of the distributing feature of the reused farmland for forest and grassland. With a area of 200.4 × 104hm2 of farmland reused for forest that takes 69% of the total reused farmland area and a area of 89.0×104hm2 of farmland reused for grassland that takes 31 % of the total reused formland area, the vegetation resume and reconstruct in west china should focus on the recover of the forest. The differences of natural conditions among western provinces determine the proportion of the farmland that reuses for forest and grassland. It decides that different patterns of vegetation resume and reconstruct should adopted in different regions. The farmland is mainly reused for forest in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, both for forest and for grassland in Xizang and Shanxi, mainly for grassland in Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai . The article also confirms the primary vegetation types to be recovered in westem areas.


The paper gives the summary of new design of parabolic trough using heat retention method. It gives a brief idea of on heat retention and describes about the components and operation of parabolic trough. This is an updating of parabolic trough collector system. The advantages collectors are also discussed.


The aim of this paper is to highlight some concerns about the partly inaccurate manner in which the currently available 2‐of‐2 and 2‐of‐3 simple and improved runs‐rules charts based on the sign and the signed‐rank statistics were designed using Markov chain matrix. Because of the memory‐less property of the Markov chains, the empirical average run‐length (ARL) values were not affected; but the design structure of the matrix makes it difficult to formulate the general expressions of the ARL explicitly. Also, the dimension (and consequently, the simplicity) of the transition probability matrices (TPMs) and the false alarm rates expressions were affected negatively. Thus, we present some zero‐ and steady‐state formulae that make it easier to construct some key elements of the run‐length distribution (including the TPMs) of the simple and improved 2‐of‐(H + 1) runs‐rules charts based on the sign and the signed‐rank statistics, for any positive integer value H > 0, not just H = 1 and 2, as currently available for these monitoring schemes, so that any interested reader may use these formulae to obtain the corresponding empirical study.


A new process utilizing a dissolution‐blocking layer on a resist surface is proposed for improving developed pattern shape of x‐ray lithography. A thin self‐developing polymer layer which is coated onto a positive resist almost completely achieves this purpose. This layer can be efficiently decomposed and vaporized by x‐ray exposure. As a result, after x‐ray exposure, this layer never interferes with development of the exposed portion, while the layer remaining blocks dissolution of the unexposed portion during development. This enhances the development rate ratio between unexposed and exposed portions, thus developed pattern shape is greatly improved. This surface‐protected development process has been evaluated for improving the developed pattern shape of novolac based positive resist (NPR). Poly(2‐methylpentene–1‐sulfone) (PMPS), which is also used as the dissolution inhibitor of the NPR resist, is selected as the dissolution‐blocking layer. Application of the post‐exposure baking is the key process fo...


In this paper we present the design and implementation of an 8-channel programmable neural recording system that can be used to study and record electrophysiological data of freely behaving animals. Each neural amplifier has two programmable gains in two programmable bandwidths. The bandwidths are programmable between 0.1-300Hz, suitable to measure local field potentials and 0.3-4kHz, suitable for measuring action potentials. The programmable gains are 54dB, 66dB in the lower bandwidth region and 80dB, 86dB in the higher bandwidth region. A chip has been designed and implemented using a 0.5μm technology working at 3.3V.