Induction of oral tolerance is influenced by the form of antigen delivered. We showed that an intact soluble protein antigen or its enzymatic digest (antigenic fragments), when administered orally to mice, are both capable of inducing oral tolerance. However, when these two forms of antigen are administered directly into the ileum, the intact antigen becomes immunogenic, but antigenic fragments remain tolerogenic.' We concluded that if the digestion of the antigen in vivo by the proteolytic enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract is prevented, orally administered antigen will be immunogenic. To test this concept, hen egg albumin (OVA) was encapsulated by a novel technology deveioped in our laboratory. This technology uses an acrylic, pH-sensitive polymer, resistant to dissolution at acidic pH (< 6.0), but dissolving at higher pH. Thus, encapsulated proteins are not affected by proteolytic enzymes of the stomach and are delivered intact to the small intestine where they interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Several antigens were encapsulated and administered orally to mice, rats, and guinea pigs. Also, in two FDA-approved studies, encapsulated allergens were given orally to humans (ragweed extract allergens to ragweed-sensitive individuals). These encapsulated antigens initiated a powerful immune response. Both primary and secondary responses were observed. These responses were characteristic of a Th2 cell dependent activation, inasmuch as IgG,, IgA, and IgE classes of antibodies predominated. IgGh and IgGzb classes of antibodies, which are Thl dependent, were not detected. To study the T-cell activation patterns of encapsulated OVA, the number of cytokine-secreting cells were enumerated in lymphoid organs by an ELISPOT assay. Mice fed with encapsulated OVA


Abstrack: The purpose of this research is to describe the level of physical fitness of Indonesian children at the age of 07 to 13 years old. This research used quantitative approach by descriptive method. The subject in this research was gained from 31 provinces by sampling approach. The result of finding in this research are: 1) The purposes of educating the Physical education, sport, and health (Penjasorkes) has not become the objectives of teacher's evaluation optimally, the objective of evaluation more tend to the result of study by the shape of sport skill and sport performance, 2) the average of children body weight is 33 kilograms, 3) the average of body height  is 136.4 centimetres, 4) the average of VO2Max was founded as much 29 ml/BW.Kg/min, included in the lack fitness category. In more complete sense, it found that the children who have category of very good physical fitness is 1%, good category is 3%, average category is 11%, lack category is 24% and very lack category is 61%. Thus, the physical fitness as the evaluation objectives and the standard of competence in the subjects (SK-MP) Penjasorkes appropriate to the Permendiknas No. 23 of 2006 has not been achieved.


Cloud service providers (CSPs) enable tenants to elastically scale their resources to meet their demands. In fact, there are various types of resources offered at various price points. While running applications on the cloud, a tenant aiming to minimize cost is often faced with crucial trade-off considerations. For instance, upon each arrival of a query, a web application can either choose to pay for CPU to compute the response fresh, or pay for cache storage to store the response so as to reduce the compute costs of future requests. The SkiRental problem abstracts such scenarios where a tenant is faced with a to-rent-or-to-buy trade-off; in its basic form, a skier should choose between renting or buying a set of skis without knowing the number of days she will be skiing. In this paper, we introduce a variant of the classical SkiRental problem in which we assume that the skier knows the first (or second) moment of the distribution of the number of ski days in a season. We demonstrate that utilizing this information leads to achieving the best worst-case expected competitive ratio (CR) performance. Our method yields a new class of randomized algorithms that provide arrivals-distribution-free performance guarantees. Further, we apply our solution to a cloud file system and demonstrate the cost savings obtained in comparison to other competing schemes. Simulations illustrate that our scheme exhibits robust average-cost performance that combines the best of the well-known deterministic and randomized schemes previously proposed to tackle the Ski-Rental problem.


Aldol reaction in water can effectively limit the formation of Schiff bases that deactivate active amine sites. To date, regulation of cooperative behaviors and morphologies of polymer-supported acid-base catalysts remains...


Construction of service-oriented governments' human resource performance management has been one of the most talked about issues in recent years domestic and abroad. On the base of the analysis of existing problems in present governments' human resource performance management being "behavioral target pattern", value management theory is adopted in this paper to propose that the primary concern of governments' human resource performance management is to put emphasis on cultivation and promotion of governments' inner sustainable administrative capacity and to propose that started with the accurate positioning of value managers, the planning and investment analysis of human resource performance based on value management, target evaluation, establishment of performance resource allocation management under the reform of administrative business process can be achieved.


This study consists of 100 hearts and gizzards offered for retailed in Afyonkarahisar between August 2013 and February 2015. It was aimed to determine L. monocytogenes and Salmonella species by immunomagnetic separation technique in a total of 300 chicken internal organs and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates. 13% (39/300) Salmonella spp. 2.6% L. monocytogenes were detected in internal organ samples. The 39 Salmonella spp. 9 of the isolates were isolated from the heart (23.2%), 1 from the gizzard (2.5%), 29 (74.3%) from the liver. According to the internal organ type of L. monocytogenes isolate numbers are; 2 (25%) from the heart, 5 (62.5%) from the stone, and 1 (12.5%) from the liver. Salmonella spp. 100% of its isolates are tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline, 64.1% to penicillin, 48.7% to ampicillin, 46.1% to florphenicol, 43.5% to amoxicillin resistance was found to be 26% to streptomycin, 15.3% to enrofloxacin and 7.6% to trimethoprim/sulfadiazine, whereas resistance to gentamicin was observed. 62.5% of isolates to tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim / sulfadiazine, 50% to amoxicillin, florphenicol, 37.5% to enrofloxacin, 25% to ampicillin and penicillin 12.5% were found to be resistant to streptomycin. Gentamicin resistance was not detected in any of the Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes isolates.


It is shown that, for all p ∈ (1,∞), the eigenfunctions of the Dirichlet problem for the p-Laplacian on [0, 1] form a basis of Lq(0, 1) for all q ∈ (1,∞).


This paper analyzes the features of university library's reader groups, emphasizes the concept of attaching equal importance to both traditional reading guidance and network reading guidance, puts forward some measures for doing well university library's reading guidance under the mode og great circulation, and points out that in reader service university library should pay attention to the transmission of positive energy sand give full play to university library's function of the second class.


When academic librarians invited themselves into their university's new portal, they unlocked the door to better campus communication and collaboration.


This article explores the role of disgust in Kant's aesthetic philosophy, Derrida's deconstruction of Kant's third Critique in his article 'Economimesis,' and the figure of vomit in two films by David Lynch in order to argue for the ethical possibilities of not giving ground relative to one's disgust - what I term an ethics of the worse than the worst.


Abstract The results of a low frequency ultrasonic study of 4-n-butyloxybenzylidene-4'-n-butylaniline (BBBA) in the vicinity of the smectic A-nematic transition are presented. The frequency and temperature dependence of the parameters describing the anisotropic ultrasound absorption are determined experimentally and compared with the predictions of fluctuation and relaxation theories of the smectic A-nematic transition. It is shown that no single theory could explain all of the experimental data.


Increasing population density will in tensify the treatment problems associ ated with sewage. While present sew age treatment practices, based largely on empirical standards, are apparently sufficient to make recognized outbreaks of water-borne disease a rarity in the United States, future demands on water supplies and uses of sewage may re quire a more flexible role for sewage treatment products. Prom a sanitary standpoint, the use of effluents and sludge should be preceded by the as surance that they are not harmful. The disinfecting action of chlorine on bacteria in sewage has received atten tion from many and has resulted in a general feeling that effluents in contact with 0.5 ppm combined residual chlo rine for 15 min are free of pathogenic bacteria and protozoans (1). Enda mebic cysts, however, are known to re quire more intensive treatment than coliform bacteria (2). Knowledge of the destruction of viruses by sewage treatment is limited to laboratory ob servations and to a very few plant studies. The work described here was undertaken to determine the types of sewage treatment that destroy viruses under operating conditions. The many isolations of viruses from sewage since bacteriophage (3) and poliovirus (4) were recognized as en teric agents were made chiefly for identification purposes or were associ ated with outbreaks of disease or were done for locating the source of infec tion. The question of destruction of virus by sewage treatment so far has stimulated little effort. Gear noted early (5) that poliovirus was still pres ent after settling in both the effluent and sludge, that humus tank effluent contained virus, but that final sand filtration and digestion of sludge de stroyed it. Mack et al. (6) find that ac tivated sludge treatment removes vi ruses but not completely, and there have been indications (7) that neither primary nor secondary treatment de stroys them.


Eri silk is a fine quality silk obtained from the silkworms reared on castor leaves. It comprises of about 8% of the total silk produced in India. It is produced as almost a household activity in certain parts of North-eastern India. The sericulture activities generate huge quantities of the waste silkworm pupae after production of the silk from cocoons. The dumping of this huge waste poses a threat to the environment of the locality. Recent studies have shown that these waste pupae contain 30% or more lipid. The lipid part of the waste eri silkworm pupae can be transesterified with methanol to produce methyl esters of fatty acids. The present study reports a quick and efficient transesterification method to convert the lipid to fatty acid methyl ester. The physicochemical properties of the methyl ester are reported. The parameters fulfill the international requirement for biodiesel. Thus the present work shows that this bio-waste can be converted to good quality fuels which may be used as biodiesel additives.


The MINOS experiment was designed to make a precise study of the "atmospheric" neutrino oscillations observed recently by underground experiments. It will use the NuMI neutrino beam and two neutrino detectors of 980 and 5400 tons, located at distances of 1 km and 735 km from the neutrino source, respectively. The physics goals and the status of the NuMI beam and MINOS detectors will be described.


Elastic scattering of two spinless particles with equal the Van Hove type with arbitrary spectra of masses, spins and coupling constants including infinitely large masses and spins. It is shown that if the amplitude defined by analytic con-tinuation of the sum of all lowest order diagrams with s-channel


We study the effect of a subtle change in the choice architecture on offsetting behavior. In a large-scale field experiment, we examine repeated voluntary contributions to a carbon offsetting program during the online purchase of long-distance bus tickets. In the control group, travelers had the option to offset their carbon emissions resulting from their bus trip, but they could also simply ignore the offer. In the treatment group, travelers were forced to actively choose whether to offset their carbon emissions or not. This "active choice" requirement immediately increased participation in the offsetting program by almost 50%. Investigating returning customers, we find that this treatment remains effective over time. We report evidence that some customers tend to keep avoiding active contribution decisions in subsequent booking decisions.


In this paper, the governing equation for a pipe conveying fluid is modified by including the influence of the following factors : (1) differences in pressure within and around the pipe ; (2) boundary conditions of the fluid and the pipe. The solution of the new general basic equation depends on the boundary conditions. Application of the new equation to a cantilever pipe discharging fluid gives a result closer than the previous ones to the experimental value. The critical speed obtained from the new theory for the cantilever pipe aspirating fluid is higher than that obtained from the previous theory.


The tris(3,5-dialkyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)carbenium bromides (2a) (3-tert-butyl, 5-methyl) and 2b (3,5-di-tert-butyl) have been prepared by the oxidation of the corresponding tris(3,5-dialkyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methanes with bromine. Compound 2a has been fully characterized by a single crystal X-ray study, which shows that the bromide, atypically, does not bind to the central carbon atom. The materials 2 are reactive, and the trityl alcohol (4a), methyl (7a, 7b) and phenyl (8a) derivatives can be readily prepared in good yield by reaction of 2 with the appropriate anions; X-ray structures for 4a, 7b (as its lithium salt) and 8a are reported. In solution, 2a and 4a undergo a facile, uncatalyzed, controllable intramolecular dehydration to produce the corresponding xanthene derivatives; X-ray structures for the xanthene carbocation (bromide salt) (3a) and the 9-hydroxy derivative (5a) are also reported.


The wavelengths and energies of photons emitted from laser synchronal source(LSS) are investigated by using the Compton scattering.In the calculation,the recoil effect of electron is also considered.The results show that the wavelength and energy formulas correspond to different approximations for different γ ranges.In the case of γλ_1/4λ_e,the approximations are λ_2≈λ_1/4γ~2 and e_(c2)≈4γ~2e_(c1) respectively;while in the case of γλ_1/4λ_e,the approximations are λ_2≈λ_e/γ and e_(c2)≈m_0γc~2 respectively.Calculated from the present work,the radiation condition of the LSS is λ_1λ_m.The maximum wavelength and energy of photons emitted from the LSS are found to be λ_(2max)=h/m_0γv and e_(c2max)=βe_e respectively.The latter part of this paper proposes to produce monochromatic γ rays via Compton backscattering in the collision between laser and intense current electron beam of high brightness in BEPC.


Professor LIN Yi is a famous traditional Chinese medical expert of breast disease,has accumulated rich experience on inhibiting recurrence and improving the quality of life in patients with.Breast cancer by traditional Chinese medicine.Professor LIN Yi considers that operable Breast Cancer should be treated based on syndrome differentiation and different time periods because the treatment of operable breast cancer needs to undergo different periods such as surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,consolidation therapy,and the therapeutic purposes and the changes of Chinese medical pathogenesis are different in each period.Therefore Professor LIN Yi recommends the procedure of operable breast cancer should be divided into the perioperative period,the peri-chemotherapy period,peri-radiotherapy period and intensification therapy period.Excepted for the use of drug therapy,professor LIN Yi also emphasizes the importance of nursing on enhancing the therapeutic tolerance,improving the quality of life,and increasing the therapeutic effect.


Sofosbuvir, an oral NS5B nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV).


ABSTACT: In the recent wave of democratization process in South Asian region, India though is a regional power in the region and as the world largest democracy has played a marginal role in promoting democracy. India's lacks of enthusiasm to promote democracy like that of Western countries or institutions does not mean that India is entirely disinterested in supporting democratic transitions or sustaining the existing democracies. India's critical strategic interests and concerns need to be understood here. Likewise India's involvement in the democratic transition of Bhutan in 2007, the youngest democracy at present was merely assistance although Indo-Bhutan relations date back to 1949 treaty of mutual trust and friendship.


A complete family of solutions is constructed for the general linear second order parabolic equation in one space variable with entire coefficients defined in a domain with moving boundary and for a class of second order parabolic equations in two space variables with entire coefficients defined in a cylindrical domain. The construction is based on the use of integral operators and results on the analytic continuation of solutions to partial differential equations with analytic coefficients. A numerical example is given which uses a complete family of solutions to approximate the solution to the first initial-boundary value problem for a parabolic equation in one space variable defined in a cylindrical domain.


Conductive polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)/polyamide 6 (PA6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites having 10–30 wt % PA6 and 1 wt % MWCNTs are prepared by melt mixing at 300°C for 8 min using a high concentration PPS/MWCNT masterbatch approach, and the migration kinetics of MWCNTs from thermodynamically unfavored PPS to favored PA6 was investigated. The morphology of the composites was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, showing the localization of most MWCNTs in the PPS phase and at the interface, being different from the case of direct melt mixing where non-conductive materials were obtained with most MWCNTs found in the PA6 phase and at the interface. The electrical resistivity and morphology of the materials as a function of time were investigated, showing that the conductive materials can be prepared within a mixing time of 4–16 min because of the slow migration rate of MWCNTs from PPS toward PA6, and MWCNTs can eventually migrate into the PA6 phase after a long mixing time of 30 min. The slow migration rate of MWCNTs was attributed to the high viscosity ratio of the two phases. This article shows a good example where the migration of MWCNTs was slow enough to control and can be used to prepare conductive polymer blends. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42353.


Abstract : A study of microbiological safety in 102 laboratories in 18 countries shows that methods used to control laboratory accidents and illnesses vary widely and that only a few laboratories are reasonably successful. Considering the various available approaches for improving safety in the handling of infectious microorganisms, there is need for critical experimental evaluation to determine under what conditions improvements are or are not desirable and the effectiveness of those changes made. Of special interest to the Department of the Army would be the ability of laboratories throughout the free world to operate safely with infectious microorganisms under non-peacetime conditions. Through continued analysis of the world-wide status of microbiological safety and through improved communications with foreign laboratories, the Biological Laboratories could gather information applicable in its safety program and make a significant contribution to the ability of other laboratories to safely carry out biological defense programs. (Author)


Volume I , number 1, of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Gynaecology begins with a paper by Howard Taylor Jnr. entitled "The Syndrome of Pelvic Pain". This paper was presented to the 5th Congress in October, 1960 in this city. In the subsequent decade, despite the publication of 412 original papers by the Journal, not one has been related to pelvic pain. What is the reason for this? Is it that pelvic pain is such an unusual and rarely seen condition that no-one has seen a sufficient number of cases in 10 years to write up? Or is it that things have not changed in the 10 years since Howard Taylor wrote "no problem in clinical gynaecology seems to present more difficulties than that of pelvic pain occurring in the absence of any detectable pathology"? I fully agree that such pelvic pain is the b6te noire of gynaecology.


Electrical circuits are hierarchically defined, in which electrical components are combined with submodels. These last ones may contain submodels themselves. This construction gives options for dedicated time integration procedures. We describe an extension that allows for a dynamically partitioned multirate time integration that retains a number of hierarchical efficiencies. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This work is the first time demonstration of the mathematical analysis on maximizing the output power harvested from vibration energy harvester under a single sinusoidal input with time-dependent amplitude. While most of recent works have investigated mechanical nonlinearities to increase extractable power, or optimal resistive load and drive frequency at steady-state operation of the transducers, real-time optimization problems have not been explored yet. In this paper, the open-circuit stiffness and the load resistance are regarded as control subjects of linear two-port harvesters. The mathematical model is treated as an optimal control problem. Analysis of optimal controls is provided by means of Pontryagin Maximum Principle. By making use of Geometric Methods of optimal control theory for this model, we are able to point out the bang-bang property of the optimal controls. Numerical optimization results are illustrated to support the theoretical analysis, which show a significant improvement of the harvested power up to 227% in comparison with those of simulation.


For a long time, many popular listening test methods, such as ITU-R BS.1534 (MUSHRA), could not be carried out as web-based listening tests, since established web standards did not support all required audio processing features. With the standardization of the Web Audio API, the required features became available and, therefore, also the possibility to implement a wide range of established methods as web-based listening tests. In order to simplify the implementation of MUSHRA listening tests, the development of webMUSHRA was started. By utilizing webMUSHRA, experimenters can configure web-based MUSHRA listening tests without the need of web programming expertise. Today, webMUSHRA supports many more listening test methods, such as ITU-R BS.1116 and forced-choice procedures. Moreover, webMUSHRA is highly customizable and has been used in many auditory studies for different purposes.


. The paper presents the analysis of a series of dromos burials, discovered in the burial mounds of the early nomads in the South Urals region. The problems of geographic location, chronology and cultural affiliation of these burials are discussed. The tradition of constructing dromos burials has its own chronological rhythm in the nomadic cultures of the South Urals; it appears in the elite burial complexes at the certain stages. Early complexes of this type dated to the VII-VI centuries BC associated with the Saka cultures. Some of them could be dated to the V century BC. However, most dromos complexes of such type are dated to the middle of the IV – the beginning of the III centuries BC and could be found at the archaeological monuments of the Filippovka type.


A new input circuit, called the current mirroring direct injection (CMDI) circuit, is proposed for infra-red detector readouts. This new input circuit leads to almost 100% injection efficiency even in the case of low diode dynamic resistance. In addition, it can provide a stable detector bias and can be implemented with a small unit cell area and low power consumption.


There is a window (10) or a door, in particular for a low-energy house or a passive house, as well as a process for its / their preparation proposed. The window (10) or the door has a window profile element (11, 12) and a door profile element, a further profile element (20, 48) and at least one glazing element (40), wherein the glazing element (40) at least two discs (42 ), which (via an edge seal 41) are connected together. The glazing element (40) is a further profile element (20, 48) and the further profile element (20, 48) with said professional window element (11, 12) and connected to the door profile element. For this purpose the glazing component (40) is a further profile element (20, 48) in at least one adhesive region (32, 46) bonded. In the proposed method the glazing component (40) with the further profile element (20, 48) in at least one adhesive region (32, 46) adhesively bonded such that the adhesive region (32, 46) of the further profile element (20, 48), the glazing component (40), a cavity (45) between the additional profile element (20, 48) and the glazing component (40) and a sealing profile member (31, 44) is limited.


Every veteran should receive the special kind of care they deserve from the moment they leave service to the time of their final salute.


We consider the maximum weight matching (MWM) problem in dynamic graphs. We provide two reductions. The first reduces the dynamic MWM problem onm-edge, n-node graphs with weights bounded by N to the problem with weights bounded by (n/ε)2, so that if the MWM problem can be α-approximated with update time t(m,n,N), then it can also be (1 + ε)α-approximated with update time O(t(m,n, (n/ε)2) log2 n + logn log logN)). The second reduction reduces the dynamic MWM problem to the dynamic maximum cardinality matching (MCM) problem in which the graph is unweighted. This reduction shows that if there is an α-approximation algorithm for MCM with update time t(m,n) in m-edge n-node graphs, then there is also a (2 + ε)αapproximation algorithm for MWM with update time O(t(m,n)ε−2 log2 N). We also obtain better bounds in our reductions if the ratio between the largest and the smallest edge weight is small. Combined with recent work on MCM, these two reductions substantially improve upon the state-of-the-art of dynamic MWM algorithms. 1998 ACM Subject Classification F2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems


One and a half hectare organic seed production area was established in the Center. Organic seeds harvested were conserved for future use and a significant amount was distributed to farmer groups in partner areas and to other interested individuals in some important occasions. Existing practices used in organic crop production (including organic pesticides and nutrient supplements used) adopted by the Center were found to help in supplying nutrients to crop and in minimizing insect pests and disease occurrence. However, there is a need to do more detailed study on the effectiveness of these practices.
Evaluation of seed yield performance of different varieties of crops grown was done. Highest yielders were BPI-Cp3 (1.05 tons/ha) in cowpea; PSB Ps2 (1.54 tons/ha) and NSIC Ps5 (1.4 tons/ha) in pole sitao; NSIC Mg14 (0.88 ton/ha) in mungbean; and BPI-Tm9 (0.057 ton/ha) in tomato.
Positive ROI was obtained by highest yielder varieties of cowpea, pole sitao, mungbean and tomato. In cowpea, BPI-Cp3 had 154.319% ROI; in pole sitao, PSB Ps2 334.917% ROI; while NSIC Ps5 had 295.379% in mungbean; NSIC Mg14 had 6.70% ROI; and in tomato, BPI-Tm9 had 63.390% ROI.
Organic certification was granted by OCCP to the Center on June 24, 2013. A total of 1.28 hectare area and 675 kg organic seeds was certified as organic by the certifying body. The OCCP seal allowed for use by the Center is "Organic-in-Transition".
The project had established partnership with the Organization for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural Advancement (OISCA) in Quezon; the Madrigal Foundation Inc.; and the Christ life Community in Camarines Sur. It had also partnered with the Department of Agriculture-Palawan Agricultural Experiment Station (DA-PAES) in Palawan. Harvest festivals and trainings were conducted in these areas. A total of 211 training participants attended and these activities were documented in Quezon, Bicol region, and Palawan. These accomplishments have motivated the team to continue its efforts on expanding the technology around the country by establishing more partnerships in different areas in the Philippines.


The utility model relates to a device for fermentation droppings of livestock and poultry in deep grooves. The utility model has the structure that the bottom of the groove pit is laid with a foundry slag layer, and the middle of the foundry slag layer is provided with an air supply passage. The upper part of the foundry slag layer is an isolation layer, and the isolation layer is a ventilation honeycomb isolation plate. The isolation plate can be made of concrete, or plastics or other corrosion resistance organic synthetic materials, and labyrinth fine pores which are not straight through are arranged tightly in the isolation plate. The isolation plate has low cost, strong corrosion resistance, long-term usage after laid down but no damage and no need of cleaning or replacement so as to ensure the continuous production. The device can shorten the production period, increase output, and reduce production cost.


This paper uaes a stochastic frontier analysis to investigate sources of output and productivity growth in 17 OECD countries. Empirical resulta indicate that no one individual component predominates as an explanation of output growth; and in this sense, we conclude that no single key explanation exists as to why countries grow. Overall, input and technical change explain most of the output growth observed in our sample of countries. Efficiency growth also appears to play an important role in several low to middle income countries. Our conclusions, however, must be qualified by the fact that our estimates of the components of output growth have substantial standard deviations and that several findings are sensitive to changes in model structure. ACKNOWLEDGSNISNTS: Comments by Jacques Drèze, Harald Uhlig and aeminar participants at C.O.R.E. and University of Toronto are gratefully acknowledged. An earlier version of this paper was written while the first author was visiting the Academy of Economics, Krakow and while the first and third authors were visiting C.O.R.E. We would like to thank both institutiona for their hospitality. The first author acknowledges the financial support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The second author was partly supported by the Belgian Programme on Interuniveraity Poles of Attraction.


Plans for the RHIC luminosity upgrade call for an electron cooling system that will place substantial demands on the energy, current, brightness, and beam quality of the electron beam. In particular, the requirements demand a new level of fidelity in beam dynamics simulations. New developments in MARYLIE/IMPACT have improved both the space-charge computations for beams with large aspect ratios and the beam dynamic computations for rf cavities. We present the results of beam dynamics simulations that include the effects of space charge and nonlinearities, and aim to assess the tolerance for errors and nonlinearities on current designs for a super-conducting ERL.


Abstract Arabic sentiment analysis models have recently employed compositional paragraph or sentence embedding features to represent the informal Arabic dialectal content. These embeddings are mostly composed via ordered, syntax-aware composition functions and learned within deep neural network architectures. With the differences in the syntactic structure and words' order among the Arabic dialects, a sentiment analysis system developed for one dialect might not be efficient for the others. Here we present syntax-ignorant, sentiment-specific n-gram embeddings for sentiment analysis of several Arabic dialects. The novelty of the proposed model is illustrated through its features and architecture. In the proposed model, the sentiment is expressed by embeddings, composed via the unordered additive composition function and learned within a shallow neural architecture. To evaluate the generated embeddings, they were compared with the state-of-the art word/paragraph embeddings. This involved investigating their efficiency, as expressive sentiment features, based on the visualisation maps constructed for our n-gram embeddings and word2vec/doc2vec. In addition, using several Eastern/Western Arabic datasets of single-dialect and multi-dialectal contents, the ability of our embeddings to recognise the sentiment was investigated against word/paragraph embeddings-based models. This comparison was performed within both shallow and deep neural network architectures and with two unordered composition functions employed. The results revealed that the introduced syntax-ignorant embeddings could represent single and combinations of different dialects efficiently, as our shallow sentiment analysis model, trained with the proposed n-gram embeddings, could outperform the word2vec/doc2vec models and rival deep neural architectures consuming, remarkably, less training time.


Education in essence is a conscious effort of all parties to internalize the noble values both taught by religious teachings and Pancasila to all children of the nation. The formation of character in order to strengthen the nation's civilization is an important goal of education. the function of Islamic Education is a means to provide facilities that can enable the task of Islamic education to be achieved and run smoothly. Religious education has received serious attention from the government, both in public and private schools. Religious education has received serious attention from the government, both in public and private schools. Education in essence is a conscious effort of all parties to internalize the noble values both taught by religious teachings and Pancasila to all children of the nation. The formation of character in order to strengthen the nation's civilization is an important goal of education. The Commission for Education and Regeneration of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) feels the need and is called upon to convey several views to the wider community, especially regarding the impact of political dynamics on education


Leachate treatment system by electrocoagulation, comprising an electrocoagulation cell (100), which in turn comprises an inlet leachate located at the top (101); a top closure (102); a body cell or Cuba (103), that inside has a plurality of electrodes (104) inserted; and an output leachate (105) at the bottom of the weir (106), located on the top side of Cuba (103).


The duration of doctoral studies has increased in Europe. Personal study planning has been considered as one possible solution to help students in achieving shorter study times. This study investigates how doctoral students experience and use personal study plans in one university department of industrial engineering. The research material consists of a questionnaire study and personal study plan forms submitted by doctoral students. The results show evidence concerning the usefulness of personal study planning in doctoral education in industrial engineering and reveal differences across student groups. This study highlights the situation-dependent character of personal study planning and confirms that the implementation of personal study planning requires time and effort in order to change the culture of individualised studies.


This cohort study examines the association of individual transitional care program components with all-cause 30-day inpatient or observation stay readmission among patients discharged from the hospital after treatment for heart failure.


Objective To analyze the remote results of esophageal carcinoma patients treated with late-course accelerated hyperfractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(LCAF3DCRT). Methods 150 esophageal carcinoma patients were divided randomly into two groups:1.LCAF3DCRT group—75 patients were treated by conventional fractionated radiotherapy during the first two-thirds of the course with 40Gy/ 20 fractions/4 weeks, then followed by hyperfraction 3DCRT with 18-27Gy over 12-18 days,1.5Gy per fraction, to a total dose of 58- 67Gy in 32-38 fractions over 36-39 days;and 2.Control group—75 patients were treated with the same method during the two-thirds, but followed by conventional fractionated 3DCRT with the same dose. Results The 5-year survival rate was 33% and 15% in LCAF3DCRT and control group, respectively(P=0.029). The median relapse time was 11.0 and 7.0 months in LCAF3DCRT and control group, respectively(P0.01). The 3-,4-, and 5-year tumor-free survival rate was 35%,33%,32% and 20%,17%,17% in LCAF3DCRT and control group, respectively(all P0.05).The 1-,2-,3-,4-, and 5-year local control rate was 79%,73%,63%,61%,61% and 60%,39%,31%,29%,27% in LCAF3DCRT and control group, respectively(all P0.05). Cox multivariate model indicated that the effectiveness was superior to others if the tumor was located either in the cervical or upper segment, or was the fungating type(P0.01). Conclusion Late-course accelerated hyperfractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy can be taken as the first choice for esophageal carcinoma in the cervical or upper segment, or the fungating type after conventional fractionated radiotherapy. It can improve the local control and survival rate.


The purpose of this study was to find an optimized imaging technique and evaluate its usefulness by comparing and analyzing the difference in contrast enhancement of lower extremity blood vessels according to the patient's heart rate during lower extremity angio CT examination. From January 2022 to August 22nd, 139 outpatients who visited Ajou University Hospital and underwent lower extremity angio CT examination were targeted. According to the heart rate, the groups were divided into four groups: A(HR≤65), B(65<HR<80), C(80≤HR). In addition, among patients with a heart rate of 65 or less, the heart rate was considered, and the scan was divided into group D with a delay time of 6 seconds. The time of arrival of contrast medium and the average value of contrast enhancement were compared and analyzed. The results were analyzed using SPSS 26 ver. As a result of quantitative evaluation, B and C groups with a heart rate of more than 65 times had better HU values in the popliteal artery than A group (HR≤65), and D group showed better HU improvement effects compared to A group (p<0.001). The difference in heart rate affected the angiographic intensity of the lower extremities artery. Therefore, it is effective to apply the appropriate test timing for each patient by using the heart rate during the lower extremity angio CT Scan.


The vibrational density of states of silver in the form of a free cluster, a single crystal and a nanocrystalline material has been calculated with the help of molecular-dynamics simulations. The model for the nanocrystalline material was derived by the simulation of pressureless sintering of nanometer sized silver particles. The results show a broadening of the vibrational density of states in the case of the cluster and the nanocrystalline material.


There is a lot of renewed interest in parallel processing. People parallel process, too. Human parallel processing tends to be cooperative rather than competitive. To this end, research literature uses bibliographies like road-maps to the field.


34, 17 and 14 ps pulses have been generated at repetition rates of 2.5, 5 and 10 GHz, respectively, from an integrated laser modulator at 1.5 µm. Pulse widths were significantly reduced by modulating at both the fundamental and the second harmonic frequencies.


This interview with Elijah Anderson has been recorded in Trento (Italy) on July 8, 2016; it has been conducted in an informal setting by Chiara Bassetti and Andrea Mubi Brighenti for Etnografia e Ricerca Qualitativa. The interview deals with Anderson's approach to ethnography and fieldwork, his research achievements and current projects, as well as his general views on North-American contemporary society.


We derive a simple formula for constructing the degree n multinomial function which interpolates a set of ( n+m n ) points in Rm+1, when the function is unique. The formula coincides with the standard Lagrange interpolation formula if the points are given in R2. We also provide examples to show how the formula is used in practice.


ENGLISH:

Language is the important process of communication. The important thing of language in social media as personal mirror every human being because language means of reflection, thing, and utterance. Language not only used for human but also used in social media such as advertisement. Therefore, it is interesting the researcher to analyze deixis used in advertisement. This thesis is to explain the research problem of what kinds of deixis which are used in context and how is the deixis used in advertisement in headline USA TODAY website. This research use of descriptive qualitative research design in which the data are in the form of words or phrases of advertisement headline of USA TODAY website published from October 12th, 2013 to January 17th, 2014.

To answer the problem, the researcher focused on analyzing the advertisement of headline USA TODAY website using deixis theory of Stephen C. Levinson. Deixis is part of discourse analysis study, which is distinguished into five categories, namely: Person Deixis, Place Deixis, Time Deixis, Discourse Deixis, and Social Deixis. Usually in communication especially in written text of advertisement people as human being available makes some errors in perception or opinion, when they interpret the form of information. The theory of deixis is chosen because deixis is used to point thing in order to make clear what the writer means.

The finding of this research, the researcher found that there are four types of deixis in "advertisement of the headline USA TODAY" website there are; person, place, time, and discourse deixis. The deixis mostly used by the deictic expressions is person deixis, when journalist wants to show the speaker who produces the utterance in advertisement. Place, time, and discourse deixis are not mostly used in since this refers to the use of deixis for the speaker who produces the utterance in the context.

The researcher suggests to rich the reader's knowledge about the kinds of deixis used in advertisement. Hopefully, it would be useful for next researcher who process of making research of advertisement and their advertisement more effective, interest and persuasive to the reader.

INDONESIA:

Bahasa merupakan proses yang sangat penting dalam berkomunikasi. Hal yang paling penting pada media sosial seperti symbol pada setiap manusia dikarenakan bahasa memili arti cerminan, objek atau hal dan ucapan. Bahasa tidak hanya digunakan untuk manusia tetapi juga pada media sosial yang ada pada iklan. Oleh karena itu, ini sangat menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut, peneliti menganalisis menggunakan deixis yang terdapat pada iklan. Karena iklan pusat dari informasi media sosial yang dibutuhkan semua orang. Skripsi ini menerangkan tentang permasalahan yang ada yaitu jenis deixis apa yang digunakan pada kontek dan bagaimana deixis digunakan pada iklan di headline USA TODAY website. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang mana datanya diambil dari kata atau phrase yang digunakan pada iklan headline USA TODAY website, telah dipublikaskan pada 12 oktober 2013 sampai 17 januari 2014.

Untuk menjawab permasalahan yang ada pada skripsi ini, peneliti fokus pada analisis iklan yang terdapat pada headline USA TODAY website menggunakan deixis teori Stephen C. Levinson. Deixis adalah bagian dari pembelajaran analisis discourse, yang mana dapat dibedakan menjadi lima kategori yaitu, deixis orang, deixis tempat, deixis waktu, deixis wacana dan deixis sosial. Biasanya pada komunikasi, khususnya di penulisan text pada iklan, kadang manusia mempunyai salah dalam mempresepsikan sesuatu hal atau opini ketika mereka menginterpretasikan suatu informasi. Teori ini telah dipilih dkarenakan deixis untuk memecahkan permasalahan yang ada supaya bisa dimengerti apa yang penulis maksud.

Penelitian ini telah dideteksi, peneliti menemukan empat empat tipe deixis pada "iklan headline USA TODAY" website seperti; orang, tempat, waktu dan wacana deixis. Yang sering digunakan pada ekspresi tersebut adalah deixis orang, ketika jurnalis ingin memperlihatkan pembicara mengutarakan isi iklan tersebut. Tempat,waktu dan wacana deixis tidak selalu digunakan pada konteks iklan ini.

Peneliti menyarankan kepada pembaca untuk memperluas mengetahuan tentang deixis yang digunakan pada iklan. Diharapkan, penelitian ini sangat berguna pada peneliti berikutnya yang mana untuk membantu proses penelitian tentang deixis di iklan dan iklannya bisa lebih efektif, menarik dan menyakinkan pada pembaca.


Influenced by the intercultural communication,every culture in the world has a very close contact with each other in various way.As we all know,now more and more western festivals land in China,especially Christmas,which brings impact on our traditional festivals,and it leads to a controversy.As a result,this paper will objectively analyze reasons why Christmas is so popular in China; then interpret deep effects it brings.At last,some suggestions will be given.


In the insurance business, two things are considered when analysing losses: frequency of loss and severity of loss. Previous research investigated the use of artificial Neural Networks (NNs) to develop models as aids to the insurance underwriter when determining acceptability and price on insurance policies. This paper is a preliminary investigation into the financial impact of NN models as tools in underwriting of private passenger automobile insurance policies. Results indicate that an artificial NN underwriting model outperformed a linear model and a logistic model. Further research and investigation is warranted in this area.


Dear Dr. DAUGIRDAS, We were very interested by the article from F€ ul€opet al. who reported a good control of hyperparathyroidism in end-stage renal disease patients who underwent gland-sparing parathyroidectomy. These findings give more data concerning the optimal support of this specific population, which is known notably for a greater risk of postoperative hypocalcemia. Indeed, the management of severe postoperative hypocalcemia is not well defined in this context and correction of calcium disorder is delicate. We wondered what the possible predictors factors could be of early and severe hypocalcemia in hemodialysis patients undergoing parathyroidectomy and those that can influence calcium needs. In our cohort, 16 ESRD patients (mean age 53.1 6 11.8 years) have undergone parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism (10 hyperplasias (vs. adenoma) (62.5%)) between January 2014 and September 2017. Postoperative Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) values measured 170 6 183 ng/l, representing a 91.2% drop relative to presurgical values (1926 6 1114 ng/l). Postsurgical calcic serum values measured 1.7 6 0.3 mmol/l (226.1%). However, a significant number of patients (nb 5 11, 68.7%) presented severe hypocalcemia according to criteria defined in our research (postoperative Calevels of 1.80 mmol/l or less). It appears in our subjects that severe hypocalcemia occurs up to 72 hours after surgery, but some authors report up to 14 days after surgery. Among the factors investigated in our study, associated with a risk of severe hypocalcemia, the mean number of parathyroids removed during the intervention was significantly greater for the group with severe hypocalcemia (n 5 3.1 6 0.9 vs. 1.4 6 0.9, p 5 0.05) and also a high preoperative level of PTH (2294 6 1155 ng/l vs. 1117 6 271 ng/l, p 5 0.04). As expected all subjects with severe hypocalcemia had intravenous calcium supplementation with significantly higher daily total intakes compared to subjects without severe hypocalcemia (p 5 0.003). The average duration of hospitalization was 9 6 7 days for the group with severe hypocalcemia against 3 6 0 days for uncomplicated procedure. Finally, intraoperative PTH was not measured and 6 parathyroidectomies consisted in the excision of a single hypertrophic parathyroid that may account for greater recurrence of hyperparathyroidism in our group (n 5 5 31.8%) defined by a PTH greater than 300ng/l within 6 months postsurgery compared with F€ ul€op et al. In the patients studied by F€ ul€op et al., there was apparently no undue hypocalcemia and no prolongation of the length of hospital stay. What are the number of patient with hypocalcemia in the first postoperative month? Did they benefit at one point from an intravenous injection of calcium? As some authors suggest, was there an immediate administration of intravenous calcium that could explain the absence of this complication?


Advertising is a form of communication meant to manipulate and encourage an audience into delving in a particular line of action or other wisely continues. The audience may include readers, viewers, or listeners. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive the consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased consumption of their products or services through 'branding' which involves associating a product(name or image) with certain qualities in the minds of consumers. Advertising in any business is an important aspect that cannot be ignored. Klaidman S (1994) asserts that a potential consumer of a product can be made to see the need that wasn't seen previously when the product had not been advertised. Advertising changes the cognitive attitude of a consumer is meant to draw attention and change the notion that was held by the potential consumer and eventually bring about purchase. In public health advertising, Atkins A and Arkins S. (1996) argue that products that are meant to be used by the consumer in keeping fit improving their health need to be given considerable attention because lives of consumers are at stake and hence they also need to be protected from any form of exploitation. In this study, the use of a condom as a form of protection against HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies was brought to the limelight. Issues that were discussed include: how to use a condom, how to dispose and also find out how effective it is. This study was meant to give an in-depth examination at how advertising of a condom influences its use among university students. Of great significance was the information provided in the advertisement and how that information was and is being used by students in making decisions that affect their health. A local advertisement "je una yako "(do you have yours) was the advertisement that was in focus.


The mathematical study of cardiac arrhythmias can be organized by classifying arrhythmias by their spatial dimension. This paper gives an overview of cardiac arrhythmias from this organizational viewpoint, emphasizing the insights that are gained and the problems that result from identifying the arrhythmias in these terms.


Speaking from his widely respected expertise in the field of social justice, the author illustrates several ways in which the word "peace" has been understood in modern Catholic theology since Vatican II. From within this varied background, he singles out two elements indispensable for peace in today's global society and then relates peace in this sense to the issue of the use of armed force in the contemporary international world.


(57) ABSTRACT A station in a wireless communication system includes a processor circuitry configured to form at least a first plurality of data streams and a second plurality of data streams, and a digital precoder configured to receive the first plurality of data streams and the second plurality of data streams. The wireless station can further include a plurality of radio frequency (RF) beam forming chains connected to the digital precoder and configured to form at least one RF envelope, wherein the digital precoder is configured to steer a plurality of digital beams within the at least one RF beam envelope, the digital beams forming a plurality of spatially distinct paths for the first plurality of data streams and a plurality of spatially distinct paths for the second plurality of data streams, and a plurality of antennas operably connected to the RF beam forming chains.


Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of vacuum sealing drainage(VSD) on sacral ulcer.Methods Twenty sacral ulcer patients admitted from March 2008 to June 2010 underwent surgical debridement.VSD dressing was used to cover the wounds,suction apparatus to perform suction therapy for 6~8 d,and another operation carried out after removal of dressings.Results Five patients had direct suture healing after 1~3 VSD treatments,15 had transfer of skin flaps and the repairs were good after 2~3 VSD treatments.Conclusion VSD,which can remove wound secretions and necrotic tissues and stimulate granulation to grow,not only relieve pains of dressing change,but reduce medical staff′s working time.This technology is easy to grasp,thus to make treatment and nursing easier.


A study is made of the influence of boundary conditions on the transmission coefficient of particles in a random one-dimensional system. A one-dimensional random potential with low-penetration external barriers is considered. It is shown that the field dependence of the transmission coefficient of such a system subjected to an external electric field exhibits resonances near quasistationary energy levels and the transparency of the system may be equal to unity for optimal values of the field and particle energy


This paper describes a Test Program Set (TPS) Interface Device development process which will improve signal performance, lower cost, and enhance maintainability. Hardware is designed as modular components and can be tested prior to incorporation into an interface device. Automated software tools ensure accurate Unit Under Test (UUT) data entry and optimize the use of modular hardware. Once established, this development process produces quick turnaround pre-tested interface devices with high electrical and mechanical integrity.


By screening for lipoxygenase null mutants from the 211 soybean germplasm of Yangtze River valley and its south region,and through genetic analysis of the genes for lipoxygenase isoenzyme,the results show that there are four electrophoretic types of the lipoxygenase isozymes in soybean seed.It is affluent in lipoxyge nase null mutants in the soybean germplasm from Yangtze River and its south region,and the absence frequency is 18.48%,and most of the null mutants are single gene absence.Lox1,Lox2 and Lox3 are controlled by the dominant genes respectively,whereas the absences of Lox1,Lox2 and Lox3 are controlled by the dormant genes respectively.There exists tight linkage between the genes controlling Lox1 and Lox2,with the linkage value of 7.77%,and the gene controlling Lox3 inherited independently.Besides this paper is an attempt to probe into the approach to breeding utilization of lipoxygenase isozymes null mutants.


Abstract : Plan: Distributed Collaborative Environment (DCE); Middleware Architecture; OPERA; Preliminary Bandwidth Characterisation; Tactical Wireless Environment; OPERA Middleware in a Wireless Environment; Conclusions.


Provided is a bending and extending device that has a structure advantageous for preventing unexpected local bending due to buckling. This bending and extending device 1 comprises a guide unit 2 that is elastic and is hollow, and a movable part 3 that is inserted into the guide unit 2 so as to move freely. The movable part 3 comprises a plurality of strip-shaped flexible parts 30a, 30b that extend in the axial direction of the guide unit 2, and the distal ends of the flexible parts 30a, 30b are joined together. In this bending and extending device 1, in a case where a cross section is formed in which, by way of slide operation of the flexible parts 30a, 30b, a contact point T between the flexible part 30a and the inner face of the guide unit 2 is present on an extension line Y of a line segment connecting the centroid P of the flexible part 30b and the axial center G of the guide unit 2 and the flexible parts 30a, 30b are in contact, the centroid P of the flexible part 30b is not positioned in the area in which the contact point T is present when the cross section is divided into two areas with a prescribed straight line X, where the prescribed straight line X is a straight line that passes through the axial center G of the guide unit 2 and is orthogonal to the extension line Y.


...................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN PLANT-PLANT INTERACTIONS OF BIG SAGEBRUSH ..........................................................................1 Abstract ....................................................................................................................1...................................................................................................................


In the opinion of standardization,death penalty is provided in principle in general provisions of criminal law and in particular in specific provisions of criminal law.Legislative pattern mentioned above is adopted in criminal law of P.R.C.However,there are some serious problems departing from legislative intention and general provisions of criminal law in the course of application of criminal penalty on specific crime in the specific provisions of criminal law. To restrain the tendency of excessive death penalty,legislative intention of criminal law should be regained and should be coherent in general provisions and specific provisions of criminal law.Thus,by these above-mentioned methods,we can define scientific standard for application of death penalty and realize objective of legislative rectification.


Polyphenols have been indicated to exert protective effects against a number of chronic diseases including cancer. The bioactivity of polyphenols depends on their bioaccessibility and bioavailability from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after undergoing digestion and microbial biotransformation processes followed by first pass intestinal and hepatic metabolism. Despite the functional significance of the polyphenols' metabolites, there is a paucity of knowledge with regards to microbial biotransformation of polyphenols and the bioactivity of the generated metabolites. The present work performed a series of studies involving the combination of a simulated gut digestion with cell culture systems for the investigation of the biotransformation, bioavailability and bioactivity of commonly consumed polyphenols including chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic acids and rutin and their metabolites. The results from the in vitro digestion study highlighted the significant role of colonic gut bacteria in the process of digestion and metabolism of the tested polyphenols with minimal biotransformation of the native polyphenols seen in the upper GI vessels and extensive bacterial breakdown occurring in the colonic compartments. The biotransformation process led to differing antioxidant activities and short chain fatty acid profiles in the colonic compartments. The study of anti-colon cancer effects of chlorogenic acid and its major microbial metabolites (caffeic, 3-phenylpropionic and benzoic acids) indicated that the combination of chlorogenic acid and its metabolites enhanced the anti-cancer efficacy as anti-proliferative, apoptotic and cell cycle arrest effects were seen at several-fold lower concentrations of those compounds within the equimolar mixture than when they were provided singly. To further elucidate the transport and metabolism of polyphenols and their metabolites, we developed a testing approach that coupled the microbial digests generated from the simulated dynamic GI digestion system with a co-culture of human intestinal Caco-2 and hepatic HepG2 cells. Digestion of polyphenol-rich potato extract in the GI model led to generation of the microbial-derived metabolites of the polyphenols that were poorly transported across the Caco-2 cells. A twoto three-fold increase in the concentrations of ferulic acid and microbial metabolites such as dihydrocaffeic, 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic and coumaric acids after 3 h incubation with HepG2 cells demonstrated a major contribution of hepatic metabolism in the generation of those compounds despite their poor Caco2 cellular transport. Overall, the combined approach using simulated gut digestion and cell culture systems developed in the current work provides a unique platform for the detailed study of mechanisms involved in biotransformation, bioavailability and bioactivity of polyphenols and their metabolites, which is otherwise difficult to perform in vivo. Oral Defence by PhD Candidate Shima Sadeghi Ekbatan School of Human Nutrition February 20, 2019 @14:30 — Macdonald Stewart Building, Room MS2-022 Bioaccessibility, Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Polyphenols and Their Microbial Metabolites Following Simulated Dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion


An apparatus and method is provided for communication. Apparatus, message, wherein the message is a device with at least one device includes information about the configuration of the device is connected - - to the transmitting 200, the network element; And device-it comprises information relating to a timing reference for paging messages between the device for setting a communication device to receive (202) from the network element-to.


Accurate inventory records are an essential element in the effective use of enterprise resource planning tools and systems. This paper reviews the methods used in cycle counting and examines important issues involved in implementing a successful cycle counting program. In addition, we review the literature to discuss the effects of cycle counting in inventory planning and control as well as indicate potential areas for research.


This paper deals with the problem of classification of nonstationary signals using signatures which are essentially independent of the signal length. We develop the notion of a separable approximation to the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and use it to define a power signature. We present a simple technique which uses the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to compute such an approximation, and demonstrate through an example how it is used to perform the classification process. This example serves to show both the effectiveness and the limitations of the approach. Our main result is an alternate approach which develops the idea of using orthogonal projections to refine the approximation process, thus allowing for the definition of better signatures.


Author(s): Baldwin, Roger A.; Orloff, Steve B. | Abstract: The pocket gopher is one of the most damaging vertebrate pests in California and throughout much of North American. Many options are available for managing pocket gophers including the use of rodenticides, burrow fumigation, and trapping. Trapping can be time consuming and labor intensive in some situations, but the efficacy of this approach can often offset these negative attributes. As such, we have engaged in several research projects over the last 5 years to increase the utility and effectiveness of trapping as part of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program for pocket gopher control. When comparing traps, we found that the Gophinator trap was a more effective trap than the Macabee, particularly when trapping larger pocket gophers. There does not appear to be a substantial benefit to covering trap-sets in most situations, but if trapping when temperatures are high, covering trap-sets may provide a slight increase in capture efficiency. If covering trap-sets, utilizing peanut butter might provide a slight increase in capture success; attractants provide no benefit if using uncovered trap-sets. Trapping was a highly effective technique for managing pocket gopher populations in crop fields. Furthermore, only 3 days were required for novice trappers to become efficient at capturing pocket gophers, although additional experience does increase the rate of capture. Collectively, these results validate the importance of including trapping in an IPM program, and should benefit all individuals who utilize trapping for managing pocket gopher populations.


The objective of this work is the application of viscoplastic material models in a consistent thermomechanical framework to make use of infrared thermography as one source of a phenomenological model validation. The thermomechanical foundation led to the understanding, that each mechanical deformation can be analysed as a thermodynamical process. The usual balance equations applied in a mechanical process are completed by the first and second law of thermodynamics. In this setup, the classical stress‐strain characteristics is accompanied by the temperature evolution and the evolution of derived quantities such as the energy resp. energy‐rate transformation ratio (ETR). These three characteristics combined can improve the assessing procedure of the investigated deformation load path qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The initial boundary value problem of the coupled displacement and temperature fields is experimentally well supported by a high‐resolution infrared camera. A reduced thermal boundary value control simplifies the experimental measures to be realised. It is shown in the analysis, that the attained surface temperature accuracy is well‐suited for the identification of model parameters related to dissipative deformation phenomena. The common split into different fractions of free energy allows a detailed evaluation in terms of hardening related stored energy and other derived state entities. The potential of the instantaneous rate of energy storage is with respect to the comparability of different modelling approaches explained and is illustrated by experimental results. As a further consequence, a more complex tensile testing regime is proposed to validate the applied material model for metals.


Advanced combined pond-wetland eco-system with treatment capacity of 30000m3/d was applied to treat the washing and bleaching effluent from the straw pulping line and the good treatment efficiency was recognized. The annual average values of CODCr, BOD5, TSS of the effluent from the last wetland could reach 105.8, 102.1, 39.8 mg/L respectively. The system pollutants removal efficiency in summer was better than in winter. The storage pond with 27Mm3 was adopted which could guarantee the treatment efficiency all the year around.


Lots of analysis and development work goes on within the field of internet of Things. Gartner, Inc. has conjointly foretold that 6.4 billion connected things are in use worldwide in 2016 and can reach 20.8 billion by 2020. Internet of Things has such a large amount of applications in today's day to day life like Home automation, Healthcare, Smart grid, sensible automobile etc., and its generating large quantity of data which these devices are sharing. It results in several security issues like the way to secure these devices, knowledge and communication from unauthorized access. IoT uses minimal capability "things" (devices) and wireless technology for communication that makes it a lot of vulnerable. While without providing enough security, the promising benefits of Internet of Things will be misused and worthless. In this paper we are going to discuss in short regarding internet of Things, its applications, security necessities, security problems and major security threats.


There are two fractions of sodium in the arterial wall which can be selectively and reversibly exchanged for other ions. These fractions are believed to be bound to the acid mucopolysaccharide – protein component of the paracellular matrix. The first fraction seems to be loosely bound by weakly acidic groups, probably the carboxyl groups of the hexuronic acid moieties. It can be exchanged for hydrogen even in neutral solutions by reducing the concentration of sodium ions in the medium. In the rat tail artery, the average size of this fraction did not exceed 0.5 meq/100 g of dry fat-free tissue. The second fraction behaves as if it is more tightly bound, apparently by strongly acidic groups like the sulfo groups of the mucopolysaccharides. It amounts to 2.21 ± 0.20 meq/100 g of dry fat-free tissue if a simplified system of sodium and calcium chloride solutions is used. In the presence of normal plasma concentrations of potassium and magnesium, the sum of both sodium fractions is increased substantially and...


The once sluggish textile industry now enjoys an unprecedented demand for its products. This demand is created by a rapidly growing population with more money available for textile purchases than a decade or so ago, as well as a growing consumer desire for the many man-made fibers that offer improved performance, durability, or aesthetic values. I used a computer simulation of the textile industry to predict the industry's performance and growth in the coming decade. Some of the salient increases which the model system projects for the decade of the 1970's are: • Investment in facilities will nearly double by 1980. • Sales of textile mill products will increase 70%. • Profits will increase 97%. • Production of textile mill products will increase 50%. • By 1980 the textile industry will purchase nearly $8 billion in chemicals and chemical products, compared to about $4 billion in 1969. Investment is a key to the growth of an ...


Abstract Death is an inseparable part of life. This paradoxical statement expresses the inevitability that each individual will encounter death. The demise of human existence is often stereotyped in media, and used in a variety of commercial purposes as away of drawing attention. When death and tragedy are used in marketing communication, it is called necromarketing. There are two approaches to the tool of necromarketing: explicit and implicit. Explicit necromarketing displays catastrophes, misfortunes and deaths in their direct form, while implicit necromarketing indirectly presents of the death.


In this paper we consider the head-on collision of two equal solitary waves this being equivalent, in the absence of viscosity to the reflection of one solitary wave by a vertical wall. The perturbation expansion of the Euler equations, which lead to the Boussinesq equation at lowest order, is recast to obtain two weakly coupled KdV equations. We show analytically that the amplitude of the solitary wave after reflection is reduced. This change in amplitude is shown to be fifth order in ε, the amplitude of the wave. It is also shown that the experimentally observed transient loss of amplitude can be explained by the presence of the third-order dispersive tail.


How to find journal articles, essays and criticism for English literature. Lists the best databases for finding articles about English literature and NZ literature, and includes tips to help you find a specific article from a citation.


This paper summarizes the progress in objective position methods of tropical cyclone center based on satellite remote sensing from four new perspectives.They are cloud pattern recognition,wind field analysis,temperature/humidity structure inversion,and tempo-spatial movement matching.The four methods' principles and realization processes are introduced,as well as their advantages,disadvantages and applicability.Finally,this paper concludes that although most of the above methods are still at exploratory research phase,their many features are better than the traditional positioning method of artificial visual interpretation,which will make them inevitable in locating tropical cyclone center.Comprehensive comparison also points out that one hybrid intelligent algorithm combined with motion characteristics will be the research and development tendency of tropical cyclone center location technology in future.Besides,it is necessary to establish an integrated tropical cyclone center positioning system that synthesizes various data and algorithms,which will be conducive to improve the stability and accuracy of tropical cyclone center positioning.


This paper deals with reduced hardware for eliminating branch penalty cycles in pipelined processor. Generally control hazard causes a greater performance loss in pipelined processor such as MIPS. Here we present improved pipelined processor architecture as well as eliminating branch and jump penalty. In the proposed architecture the number of multiplexers and adders were reduced compared to previously implemented architecture. The proposed architecture is implemented in Xilinx 10.1 tool using Verilog.


Several areas of applications of image processing to astronomy have been addressed in this report. These areas include: 1) polar coordinate transformations: a means of enhancing the faint outer spiral pattern of M83; 2) ratios of spectral bands in M82 indicate that the Ha filaments are not of a reflection nature; 3) extending the Gull maximum entropy algorithm beyond the convergence point produces better restoration with little artifact. Applications to M87; 4) attempts to recover images from the phase of the Fourier transform produce uncertain rasults in real objects. Applications to M87; 5) a proposed algorithm to statictically identify more unique morphological types of galaxies is illustrated based upon the correlation of images; 6) modeling of complex nebulosity in Lick Ha 101 with a median filter in order to automatically catalogue stars with a threshold algorithm; 7) relative color and polarization in R-Monocerotis indicate a hollow, cone shari_J, dusty reflection nebula; 8) CCD type aliasing. Periodic scenes can be corrupted by aliasing if the image forming optics are of too high a quality; 9) illusions induced by sampling frequency beating. These illusions can be eliminated by doubling the picture size with the Sampling Theorem, and 10) low dynamic range inducted illusions. Unexpected structure can appear in an FFT if the dynamic range of the image is small.


In this paper, we propose a speech enhancement scheme by only using a priori codebook of speech spectral shapes based on a novel spectral distortion measure. The noise signal is estimated by Minima Controlled Recursive Averaging (MCRA) algorithm instead of using noise spectral shapes stored in trained codebooks. Then, combining with the cross-correlation between the spectra of noisy speech and noise, a weighting spectral distortion measure is proposed for optimizing the spectral shapes and the spectral gains of speech and noise. In order to ensure the smooth of speech spectrum, the line spectrum frequencies (LSF) that describe speech spectral shapes are interpolated linearly. While a priori signal to noise ratio (SNR) information is also contributed to further suppress the noise energy. Finally, the noisy speech is passed through the reconstructed Wiener filter to obtain the enhanced speech. The objective tests show that the proposed method has better performance in restraining the fluctuated background noise than the conventional codebook-based method to a large extent.


With the development of the multiculturalism, paying attention to the characteristics of foreign cultural dissemination and the coexistence strategy of Chinese and foreign cultures has a certain importance for the effective export of Chinese culture in the new media era.This study takes the seven most influential overseas student uploaders on the new media platform bilibili and the videos they created as the research objects, summarizes the content and characteristics of the videos through a combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative observation, analyzes the effect of foreign cultural communication on the bilibili platform, and takes this as an example to explore the development strategy of foreign cultural communication and multicultural coexistence on the new media platform from a macro perspective. The study found that based on three advantages of "innovative perspective brought by unique role positioning", "accurate grasp of audience's curiosity", and "integration of foreign culture and Chinese culture", overseas student uploaders have transcended the self-perceived role of general foreign culture communicators and regarded themselves as executors of the integration and coexistence of Chinese and Western cultures. At the same time, if a culture wants to use new media platforms to gain recognition and widespread communication in foreign countries, communicators should grasp current international popular news and cultural symbols, build emotional resonance in multicultural communication, and enhance practical innovation in communication contents and forms. Only when communicators actively eliminate prejudices and oppositions between cultures and build bridges for cross-cultural exchanges, can the coexistence and development of multi-culture become more comprehensive and vivid.


A mechanism of nonradiative recombination of nonequilibrium carriers in semiconductor quantum wells is suggested and discussed. For a studied Auger recombination process the energy of localized electron-hole pair is transferred to barrier carriers due to Coulomb interaction. It is shown that the Auger coefficient is a weak function of temperature and nonmonotonically depends on the quantum well width.


In this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic variant of iterative closest point (ICP) dubbed as CoBigICP. The method leverages both local geometrical information and global noise characteristics. Locally, the 3D structure of both target and source clouds are incorporated into the objective function through bidirectional correspondence. Globally, error metric of correntropy is introduced as noise model to resist outliers. Importantly, the close resemblance between normal-distributions transform (NDT) and correntropy is revealed. To ease the minimization step, an on-manifold parameterization of the special Euclidean group is proposed. Extensive experiments validate that CoBigICP outperforms several well-known and state-of-the-art methods.


The invention discloses an alignment structure and an alignment method for a dual surface lithography machine. An alignment marker comprises a cross-shaped main alignment marker and a plurality of assist alignment markers disposed around the main alignment marker, wherein the cross-shaped main alignment marker is formed by perpendicularly crossing a horizontal main alignment marker and a vertical main alignment marker; the assist alignment markers are in stair-step shapes; and each assist alignment marker is composed of a plurality of rectangles whose widths are the same and the lengths are in an arithmetic sequence. The cross-shaped main alignment marker and the assist alignment markers disposed around the main alignment marker are used to carry out alignment, thereby facilitating naked eyes to distinguish an alignment position, increasing alignment precision, reducing error caused by manual alignment and increasing production efficiency.


The effect of self-gravitation of massive dust grains is investigated on the shielded potential and the energy loss of pair of charged projectiles passing through a dust-contaminated plasma. Analytical general expressions are derived for the shielded potential and for the energy loss by incorporating two-body correlation effects. An interference contribution of these projectiles to the shielded potential and energy loss is observed that depends upon their orientation and separation distance. It is found that for two collinear projectiles the potential is enhanced by increasing dust Jeans frequency for separation less than Debye length and the energy loss versus projectile velocity decreases with the increase of Jeans frequency for arbitrary separation. The effect of inclination of two noncollinear projectiles on energy loss is also investigated for a fixed value of Jeans frequency ωjd=4×10−4ωpd. The contribution to the energy loss due to the interference term has been separately calculated for a typical J...


The incidence of metatarsal fractures is not precisely known. Malposition might cause future metatarsalgia, mid-foot pain and discomfort, which may dictate an on-going need for in-shoe orthosis, shoe modification and, occasionally, operative correction. To minimize and prevent these problems, we describe a simple technique for reduction and fixation of metatarsal fractures by Kirschner wires. We have found this technique to be a simple and efficient way of reducing and fixing metatarsal fractures. It is applied easily by the closed and open technique.


Abstract. On the way towards third generation personal communication networks (PCN) the deployment of 16-level quadrature amplitude nlodulation (QAW schemes is investigated via flat microcellular Rayleiph-fading mobile radio channels having mild co-channel interference with and without diversity. Our proposed differentially coded non-coherent 16-QAM scheme requires no pilot symbol assistance. no automatic gain control (AGC) and no carrier recovery. High speech quality associated with a mean opinion score of about four (MOS = 4.0) is ensured at a signalling rate of 6.1 kBd for channel signal to noise ratios tSNR) above 30 - 25 dB and signal to interference ratios (SIR) above 75 - 30 dB by the 13.4 kbit/s medium complexity resular pulse excited (RPE) speech codec, when carefully matched twin-class low complexity binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCHI error correction coding and 16-QAM combined with second order diversity are deployed. The overall speech delay is about 10 Ins and the user bandwidth is 9.3 kHz. which allows us to accommodate 2 1 users in a 300 kHz channel slot.


Renal disease is a major global health problem and the 9th leading cause of death in the United States. Inflammation is one of the driving forces in acute and chronic kidney diseases, and cytokines act as both mediators and initiators of injury. Currently, there is a lack of good translational models to study the inflammatory basis of kidney disorders, hindering the search for therapeutic targets. The objective of our study was to investigate the inflammatory process in an in vitro model that reflects the cellular diversity as well as architecture of the kidney, namely precision‐cut kidney slices (PCKS).


Review(s) of: Inscribed Landscapes: Marking and Making Place, by Bruno David and Meredith Wilson (eds), University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 2002, viii+303pp, ISBN 0824824725. Includes references.


A strong increase in the global demand for metallic raw materials, coupled with rising market prices, has heightened interest in marine seabed mineral deposits and the feasibility of their extraction for many marine scientists, engineers, and mining companies. This interest focuses not only on base and precious metals but also on strategically important elements needed for high-technology applications, such as cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, gallium, selenium, telurium, indium, and the rare earth elements.

A symposium and workshop on deep-sea minerals and mining was convened at the Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, in Germany. More than 100 scientists from 16 countries assembled to discuss the opportunities and challenges of interdisciplinary research concerning deep-ocean mineral resources. Two days of plenary talks presented by invited experts representing diverse disciplines were followed by a 1-day workshop to discuss the current knowledge; to develop research strategies that address emerging exploration and recovery techniques; and to assess economic, legal, and ecological issues inherent in deep-sea mining.


Aim To investigate whether Sarsasapogenin(Sar) can protect hippocampal neurons from hyperglycemia induced neurotoxicity.Methods Primary cultures were obtained from hippocampi of 0-to 24-hold Sprague-Dawley rats.After 7 d in culture,the cells were used for the treatment.The cultured neurons were divided into control group,hyperglycemia treatment group,hyperglycemia(glucose 50 mmol.L-1) + Sar(10,30,100 μmol.L-1) groups.In control group,cultured hippocampal neurons were incubated with 0.1% DMSO for 48 h.In hyperglycemia treatment group,cultured neurons were incubated with glucose(30,50,100 mmol.L-1) for 48 h.In hyperglycemia + Sar group,Sar was added to the neurons 1 h prior to incubation with glucose 50 mmol.L-1.Cell viability was determined by MTT.Immunostaining and Western blot were used for synaptophysin(SYP) protein expression.Neuronal apoptosis was quantified by scoring the percentage of cells with apoptotic nuclear morphology after Hoechst 33258 staining.The cellular extracts were prepared for Western blot of active caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP) protein expression.Results Cultured hippocampal neurons treated with hyperglycemia resulted in the decrease in cell viability,the decrease in SYP expression,and the increase in the percentage of apoptotic neurons,active caspase-3 and PARP expressions.Sar prevented the hyperglycemia induced decrease in SYP,and reduced hyperglycemia induced apoptotic morphology and active caspase-3 and PARP protein levels.Conclusion These results indicate that Sar can protect hippocampal neurons against hyperglycemia neurotoxicity.


Severe acute pancreatitis is defined as that associated with organ failure and / or multisystem complications. In order to compare the ability of the APACHE II score and dynamic tomography (Balthazar Ranson Index), a study was carried out in which patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, between March 1999 and June 2000, participated. Total of patients, 60% were taken to surgery. The degree of correlation of the APACHE II with the severity of the clinical picture and the subsequent morbidity and mortality is excellent, while the dynamic tomography performed in the first 72 hours was not a good prognostic marker and, therefore, its usefulness in this situation is questionable.


Background: social media is becoming progressively used for improving health literacy and health promotion.
Objectives: this study aimed to find out the magnitude of use of social media among people of Saudi Arabia and how far they were used to send health education messages.
Methods: this study was a cross sectional study was conducted on convenient sample of participants using survey monkey software. The collected surveys over one month were entered into PC computer using SPSS software. Results: it was found that the majority of participants used one sort of social media or another. Also it was found that Instagram, WhatsApp and SMS were the most preferred media. There were age and gender differences.  More than 50% of the participants received health promotion messages and they thought that it was a good idea.
 Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted on convenient sample of participants using survey monkey software. The collected surveys over one month were entered into pc computer using SPSS software. Results: it was found that the majority of participants uses one sort of social media or another. Also it was found that Instagram, WhatsApp and SMS were the most preferred media. There were age and gender differences.  More than 50% of the participants received health promotion messages and they thought it was a good idea.
Conclusion: it's a good opportunity to use these preferred social media to send health education messages to the target population.


The influence of methane plasma parameters on the deposition rate and on the content of the hydrogen and the sp3-carbon fraction in hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films (DLC) was investigated. It was shown that the proportion of the sp3-carbon fraction mainly depends on the inductive power and the argon addition to the plasma; the latter also contributes to a decrease of hydrogen in the films.


We developed a new optical add/drop multiplexer composed only of a grating-folded directional coupler. We found that in this multiplexer, the power drop becomes maximal when the grating-coupling strength is equal to that of directional coupling. At this maximum power, both power transfer between the waveguides and power reflection take place simultaneously at the grating. The power drop approaches 1 when the grating length increases.


The paper examined Axel Honneth's idea of 'recognition' as an 'intersubjective, dialogical and historical construction through which the subjects seek their realization in three essential domains: love, rights and social esteem from which arise, respectively, selfconfidence, self-respect and self-esteem'. The paper affirms that, Nigeria is a multicultural and heterogeneous society, hence, the enormity of the task of ensuring social integration amidst the apparent diversities. The paper interrogates the factors that accounts for the social disintegration threatening the Nigerian state in recent times; further, it argues that the recent agitations within the country indicate that Nigeria has failed in its task of ensuring social cohesion and integration. The renewed agitation for an independent republic of Biafra by the South-Eastern geo-political zone, the resurgence of militancy in the oil-rich Niger Delta region, Boko Haram insurgency in the North East, Fulani herdsmen and farmers vendetta, inter-ethnic and religious crises among others, indicate strongly that Nigeria is heading towards social disintegration if the root cause of these agitations is not exposed and formidable resolution proffered. Following the discourse, the paper identifies lack of proper mutual intersubjective, intercultural/interregional and political recognition of human dignity, plights and rights as a fundamental cause of these agitations threatening the unity of the country. Thus, using Axel Honneth's idea of recognition, this paper submits that with a mutual recognition of the other person, region or group and their contributions as co-possessors of rights and dignity, the separatist tendencies in Nigeria will be alleviated and the imminent disintegration averted for greater unity, integration and cohesion.


International jurisdiction depends on what court of specific country as a whole should try legal contestation or what specific country as a whole responsibility for trial should be distributed to. When international private law was totally revised on April 7, 2001, the general principle of international jurisdiction out of international private law (article 2) was newly established transitionally. Although it was regulations in a general form of 'substantial connection', it will be an important ground to judge international jurisdiction in the future Although the parties to a suit may not be secured predictability or legal stability because of the abstract standard of 'substantial connection' in international private law (article2), it is expected that a distinct standard will appear since cases are being created reflecting revised contents after revising international private law. More distinct trend will be disclosed through more accumulated cases in the future. However, Cases in the present have become a trend which judges international jurisdiction in proper application of indications such as 'ideals of allocation in international jurisdiction', 'jurisdiction of domestic law' and 'uniqueness of international jurisdiction' suggested in international private law (article 2) including the indication of 'substantial connection'. At least, it is being escaped from a trend which judges international jurisdiction in the category of regulations and sound reasoning in land jurisdiction as the past cases. International private law (article 2) is not simple reflection of the existing cases of Supreme Court. In international private law (article 2), a new standard of judgment is established. However, Supreme Court from the above regulation is still in the process of setting up its position. As partial cases are seen, an attitude of inclusive judgment after arranging conditions without establishment of reasonable logic by being inclined to only the abstract standard of substantial connection should be sublated. In the future, inclusive cases integrating laws, regulations and theories in the present in the position of Supreme Court should be created. Based on relatively distinct cases as above, it is expected that the parties to a suit including practical officers will have predictability in instituting a lawsuit. In addition, it is necessary to watch over in what direction international treaty and legislation and international jurisdiction related cases of major countries including South Korea are developed in the side of comparative law to get more information for setting up Korean cases.


The Ghetto Theresienstadt served as a façade behind which the Nazis attempted to hide the atrocities they were committing in other ghettos and concentration camps throughout Europe. As a result of Theresienstadt's unusual nature, the Nazis sanctioned certain cultural and intellectual activities in the camp. Consequently, there remains a considerable record of the interior lives and personal perspectives of Theresienstadt inmates. Through a close examination of Theresienstadt memoirs, diaries and histories, this paper explores the concept of intellectual resistance as a result of participation in some of the camp's intellectual activities – namely the library, books and reading. These activities provided prisoners with a means of keeping their minds and imaginations active and alive, allowing them to escape temporarily from the horror surrounding them, as well as providing a means of maintaining hope and strength that increased their chances of survival. As of yet, no single work in English focuses on this topic. This paper strives to fill that void and to encourage librarians to consider the power of literacy and the significance of their responsibilities as providers of knowledge, story and information, particularly in times of terror or war.


Mixed solid phase of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate to a method of preparing a mineral-based composition, calcium hydroxide, and at least one calcium compound selected from calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof, magnesium oxide, water magnesium oxide, at least part of the solid phase of a suspension containing at least one magnesium compound selected from dolomite, and mixtures thereof being hydrated, a preparation in the aqueous phase, the solid phase a weight of between 5% to 15% of the total weight of the suspension, the preparation; the suspension was heated to a temperature of 55 ° C. to 90 ° C., the solid phase 1kg per this suspension 2. by injecting a gas containing CO Involves stabilizing the electrical conductivity decreases and suspension to 9 values below, including the carbonation is stopped as soon as the stabilization of electrical conductivity is observed, the above method.


This paper covers our investigation into a decline in FC performance resulting from hydrogen fuel containing CO. Several investigations were conducted into the dependence of CO poisoning on types of catalyst using Pt and Pt-Ru alloy. The investigations are summarized as follows: 1) The poisoning prediction formulas and the poisoning estimation coefficient to predict and estimate the performance were derived theoretically. 2) The actual process of CO poisoning was scrutinized by focusing on adsorption of CO and desorption of CO2 molecules, and changes of several polarizations caused by CO poisoning were estimated. 3) Investigations into the relationship between the CO concentration, operating pressure, operating temperature and the CO poisoning were carried out. If the FC was operated at a high CO concentration, no significant improvement could be expected when using increased pressure, and further, the effects of the operating temperature is almost the same for the two types of catalyst.


INTRODUCTION: Grandparents are increasingly involved in the care of grandchildren, including after child protection intervention.METHOD: A recent Australian qualitative research partnership explored how relationships between grandparents and their grandchildren could be optimised after child safety concerns.  Interviews and focus groups were undertaken with 77 participants, including 51 grandparents, 12 parents, six foster carers and eight child and family workers. Emerging themes reported here focus on the role of grandparents and their perceptions of, and interactions with, the child protection system.FINDINGS: Overall, findings identify that grandparents wanted to help safeguard their grandchildren but many encountered an adversarial child protection system that left them feeling powerless, fearful and unimportant. Aboriginal participants reiterated that child protection workers needed to better understand how maintaining kinship networks provided a protective factor for Aboriginal children, and that grandparents were key stakeholders in their grandchildren's lives.IMPLICATIONS: The findings from this study affirm the value and role of grandparents and highlight the need for implemented family-inclusive child protection practice within and beyond the Australian context.