1 Trivedi Y A &: Patel N M Sea food Exp J 7 (1975) 17. 2 Prasad R R &: Tampi P R SJ Bombay Nat Hist Soc 51 (1953)674. September, fish eye bans in August and eggs in August In the present study, monthly variations in glycogen. and September. total lipidS, choIestero~ proteins 'andphosptiotous Zaoplankton~Zooplankton were mainly repr.ehave been' estimated in P. fucata with a view to sented by for~era and copepods. Among correlating the variations with gonadialllUlturity. foraminifera, Miliamina sp. was found in June while Healthy pearl oysters (100) of 3 toSytage-jr6up Legina sp. and Globigerina sp. were seen in August. were collected in January 1974 from Pirotan, Ajad, Phytoplankton-Phytoplankton were represented Deeda and Moovada islands in the Gulf of Kutch. The by 10 species of diatoms in small quantities in different oysters were maintained in vertical rafts (20 ft x 15 ft x months. Among these, the dominant were Pleurosigma 15ft) kept floating in marine pond (200 m2) with facility sp. and Navicula sp. for changing sea water every 2 days. The oysters wete Among the other items found (Table I), mud" maintained. for 1 yr during which no mortality .was particles, sand particles, unknown structure and recorded. semidigested food were observed in all months. From January 1975,in the first week of every month, Presence of mud particles, sand particles, gravels 8 oysters were sacrificed. Part of hepatopancreas atld and bottom particles in stomach contents of P. gonad was removed quickly for the estimation of pelagicus from AD catches shows its bottom feeding glycogen using Anthrone reagents. Gonad and habits and sandy-muddy coast dwelling liabitats. hepatopancreas ofthe oysters were stored separatelyilt Occurrence of prawn body parts, crab parts, molluscs, polythene bags and used for estimat~g total lipids', fish parts and plankton predicts its major food items in cholesterol' and protein'. Phosphorus was estimated various months (from May to September~ by the method of the Fiske and Subba Ra08• Authors are highly indebted to Shri P Basu, Total proteins were estimated from nitrogen x 6.25 Commissioner of Fisheries for facilities. Thanks are following Microkjeldahl method. due to Shri M I Patel, for valuable suggestions in the For all estimations, gonad and tlepatopancreas preparation of this paper. pooled from 8 samples every month were used. Care was taken to see that the oysters sacrifICedbelollg t() the same stage of sexual maturity ... P. fucata of the Gulf of Kutch spawns twice a yeai-, from February to April and from NovembertQ December, and gametogenesis is observed from. May to October1 •.. Results (Table 1) show that the gonadial glYcogen declines" considerably during postspawning' period (May and October). Glycogen accUmulates in the gonads during onset of next spawning ~February and in November. During gametogenesis (May to September), an elevated trend in the gonadialglycogel'l is recorded as reported earlier4•9•Increase in glyet?8C11 during active gametogenesis can be attribuiedio proliferatioll of sex cells and decreaseduringspa\VllD,lg to release of gametes from gonads. Decline in:' the hepatopancreatic glycogen during spawning may be due to utilization of glycogen for gamete formation, as hepatopancreas in molluscs is the stor~site" of metabolites10•11• Decline in hepatopancreatic glycogen in molluscs during spawning is reported earlier10•11•


Surfaces of porous polycarbonate (PC), porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel and regenerated cellulose (RC) gel membranes are observed in water by atomic force microscope (AFM).PC surface images by direct contacting (DC) mode showed an elevation around a pore. On the other hand a lot of blind pores of 10nm to 40nm of height and 150nm to 400nm of diameter on the surface were observed by alternative contacting (AC) mode. For PTFE surface images by AC mode we could not find the pore size difference between the membranes whose average pore sizes are about 0.4 μm and 1.5 μm determined by a bubble point method and we could observe the air bubble enclosed in the pore. PVA gel membrane surface images by AC mode shows the bright bands caused by the replica of scratches on the membrane cast plate, and the undulation structure covering the surface. RC gel membrane surface image by AC mode shows the light and shade stripes corresponding to the machine elongation direction.


Abstract : Angularly resolved ion species fractions of Xe+1, Xe+2, and Xe+3 in a low power xenon Hall thruster Busek BHT-200 plume were measured using an ExB probe under a variety of thruster operating conditions and background pressures. The thruster was operated at several operating conditions by varying the anode potential of the thruster from 200 V to 325 V in 25 V increments. Measurements of the ion species fractions were made 90 from thruster centerline 60 cm downstream of the exit plane. At reduced discharge voltages, the species fractions of multiply-charged xenon ions were lower, while at increased discharge voltages, Xe+2 and Xe+3 showed an increase in their respective ion species fractions. At angles greater than 35 , a low energy peak was observed suggesting additional collisions in the far-field produce a low energy ion population. Finally, measurements were directed toward characterizing chamber backpressure effects on the plume species fractions at oblique angles between 35-90 . In the presence of additional background neutrals, production of mutiply-charged ions increased throughout the plume as a result of increased collisions and scattering.


Background: Rugby is associated with a high risk of injury, because it is a fullcontact sport with limited use of protective gear. The popularity of rugby in the United States is growing, but the vast majority of epidemiologic studies reports injury data from rugby organizations in other countries. Purpose: To report game and practice injury rates in American collegiate club rugby, specified by body part and type of injury. Methods: A licensed medical professional tracked attendance and injuries during games and practice in 60 collegiate club rugby players of a Division I University during the fall seasons of 2012 and 2013. Injury rates were compared between games and practices, and specified by type and location of injury. Results: Twenty-five injuries were sustained in 1946 exposures for an overall injury rate (IR) of 12.9 injuries per 1000 exposures (95% confidence interval (CI) =8.50-18.7). The game injury rate (IR=26.0, 95%CI=14.4-43.3) was more than three times higher (p=0.006) than the practice injury rate (IR=8.30, 95%CI=4.50-14.1). The lower extremity was the most commonly injury body part (IR=5.65 injuries/1000 exposures; 95%CI=2.97-9.83), and sprains were the most common types of injury (IR=6.68 injuries/1000 exposures; 95%CI=3.72-11.1). The overall concussion rate was 2.57 per 1000 exposures (95%CI=0.94-5.70), and 80% of the concussions occurred during games. Most injuries (76%) were sustained via direct contact with another player, while 24% of injuries occurred via a non-contact mechanism. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that rugby players are at substantial risk of injury, especially during games. The lower extremity was the most frequently injured body region, the head was the most frequently injured specific body part, and sprains were the most common type of injury. The injury rates in American collegiate rugby are lower than previously reported in international rugby, but higher than in many other American collegiate sports.


Up to now, the popular control modes for smart power integrated circuit (SPIC) are PWM and PFM.PWM bases on constant frequency variable width (CFVW) control pulse, whereas, PFM bases on constant width variable frequency (CWVF) control pulse. PWM converter has low efficiency with light loads and high amplitude harmonic. On the other hand,the control circuit and filter for PFM are much complex. This dissertation proposes a novel modulation mode named pulse skip modulation (PSM)for SPIC converter, which bases on constant width constant frequency (CWCF) control pulse. It is shown that PSM converter would improve its efficiency and suppress EMI. It also has quick response speed, good interfere rejection and strong robust. Furthermore, it is easy to realize PSM control circuit. The modulating theories of PSM are firstly studied in the world according to the author's investigation.


At the global level, trade facilitation has been one of the elements of the WTO Doha Round of trade negotiations. Negotiations on trade facilitation started in July 2004 and on 7 December 2013, at the Ninth WTO Ministerial Conference in Bali, WTO members reached an agreement on the so-called Bali package, a selection of issues from the broader Doha round negotiations that includes trade facilitation, agriculture and provisions for least developed countries and development in general.


The paper discusses the features of modern information-telecommunication systems (ITCS), which affect processes the ensure of information reliability in the system. ITCS is seen as a socio-technical system, which is determined as the impact on the information reliability of the «human factor», «confl ict environment», «largescale», «multiply connectedness», «self-organization». As a result the conclusion is that the process of ensuring of the information reliability is badly formalized control object. The paper proposes to use cognitive approach to modeling and control. It aims to develop formal models and methods that support intelligent processes for control problems. This is achieved through the integration of these models and methods of human cognitive abilities. In this article is contained an example of a cognitive model with the possibilities of structural and parametric synthesis.


Abstract The article is principally written for adult educators. It models an auto-ethnographic approach situating this within a critical pedagogic orientation. As an adult educator working in the Republic of Ireland, I draw from two instances in my own life that helped me to re-think my racialised identity. By reflecting on discomforts in terms of my own racial identity, the internalised nature of both white supremacy and racial oppression emerge. The stories and reflections that I share are intended as a prompt for other adult educators, particularly white-educators, to think about their own racialised identity and to contemplate ways in which they benefit from often unacknowledged advantages. This awareness can better equip adult educators to problematise simplistic interpretations of multiculturalism and to authentically ally with those who carry the weight of discrimination.


We prove that a strongly compact cardinal is an upper bound for a Hanf number for amalgamation, etc. in AECs using both semantic and syntactic methods. To syntactically prove non-disjoint amalgamation, a different presentation theorem than Shelah's is needed. This relational presentation theorem has the added advantage of being {\it functorial}, which allows the transfer of amalgamation.


We demonstrate that the blocks of a profinite group whose defect groups are cyclic have a Brauer tree algebra structure analogous to the case of finite groups. We show further that the Brauer tree of a block with defect group Zp$\mathbb {Z}_{p}$ is of star type.


The current generation of dispersion models contains very simple parameterizations of deposition processes. The analysis here looks at the physical mechanisms governing these processes in an attempt to see if more valid parameterizations are available and what level of uncertainty is involved in either these simple parameterizations or any more advanced parameterization. The report is composed of three parts. The first, on dry deposition model sensitivity, provides an estimate of the uncertainty existing in current estimates of the deposition velocity due to uncertainties in independent variables such as meteorological stability, particle size, surface chemical reactivity and canopy structure. The range of uncertainty estimated for an appropriate dry deposition velocity for a plume generated by a nuclear power plant accident is three orders of magnitude. The second part discusses the uncertainties involved in precipitation scavenging rates for effluents resulting from a nuclear reactor accident. The conclusion is that major uncertainties are involved both as a result of the natural variability of the atmospheric precipitation process and due to our incomplete understanding of the underlying process. The third part involves a review of the important problems associated with modeling the interaction between the atmosphere and a forest. It gives an indication ofmore » the magnitude of the problem involved in modeling dry deposition in such environments. Separate analytics have been done for each section and are contained in the EDB.« less


To effectively integrate distributed energy resources and non-traditional loads into the grid, medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) systems have gained attention in recent years. A key enabling technology for MVDC distribution is high step ratio dc-dc converters with bidirectional capability, performing a role similar to ac distribution transformers. The current shaping modular multilevel converter (CS-MMC) has been proposed for this type of application because of its ability to operate at high-effective frequencies by eliminating internal string inductors, thereby minimizing module capacitance, size, and cost. Until now, published CS-MMC work has focused on unidirectional, voltage-fed operation. To enable bidirectional operation, a novel current-fed operational approach is proposed in this paper that is fundamentally different from earlier works. The circuit topology, operating principles, and experimental results are presented. A peak measured efficiency of 95.8% is achieved when transferring 2.2 kW from 100V to 1kV for a 6 module, 2.7 kW, 1kV/100V prototype.


Background: Anatomical variations of the cystic duct (CD) are common with an incidence of 18%–23% and are commonly encountered during cholecystectomy. The prevalence of such variations in our region is recorded so as to create awareness to avoid significant ductal injury in biliary surgery. Methodology: This observational cross-sectional study was undertaken on one hundred specimens of liver with extrahepatic biliary apparatus available in the department of anatomy. The morphology of CD was studied with respect to its length, course, mode, and level of union. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. Results: The range of length of the CD varied between 0.6 and 5.5 cm. The mean length of the CD was 2.06 ± 1.142 cm. 15% were short CDs and 3% had long CDs. The CD opened into the right hepatic duct in 2% and there was a triple confluence in 1%. There was a high union of CD with common hepatic duct (CHD) in 7.2% and a low union in 3.1%. The CD joined the CHD at an acute angle in 82.47% laterally and medially in 1.03%, paralleled in 11.3% of which 9.3% had a short parallel course, and 2% had a long parallel course and spiralled either anteriorly or posteriorly in 5.2%. Conclusion: These variations of CD have surgical significance in order to avoid damage to the ducts during surgical procedures, especially with increasing laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Hence, an awareness to look for these variations in preoperative radiological imaging is essential for the surgeons to avoid catastrophes.


Introduction. Purple urine bag syndrome is a condition where the urinary
 catheter bag turns purple as a result of the interaction between bacteria,
 urine and components of the urine bag. It appears in a certain group of
 patients with the following risk factors: urinary tract infection, older
 age, long-term indwelling urinary catheter, constipation, chronic kidney
 disease. Case Report. Two patients with purple urine bag syndrome are
 presented. The first patient, a 66-year-old man, was hospitalized due to
 decompensation of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. A urinary catheter was placed
 on admission, and on the fourteenth day of hospitalization, a purple
 discoloration of the urine in the urinary bag was noticed.
 Multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis were
 isolated by microbiological analysis of urine. The second patient was a
 92-year-old man, hospitalized for acute gastrointestinal bleeding in the
 form of hematochezia, with an indwelling urinary catheter and a history of a
 prostate cancer surgery. On the third hospital day, a purple content in the
 urinary catheter bag was detected and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Morganella
 morganii were confirmed by bacteriological analysis. Both patients were
 without clinical and laboratory signs of acute infection. In both cases, the
 urinary catheter was replaced and ceftriaxone was administered empirically.
 Conclusion. Current guidelines for purple urine bag syndrome recommend
 catheter replacement and empiric antibiotic therapy. In clinical practice,
 it is necessary to emphasize that urine sampling for bacteriological
 analysis is performed only after replacing the catheter, in order to
 establish the exact etiology of the syndrome and radical use of antibiotics.


Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies have been employed to define the molecular composition of chromium phosphate conversion coatings on aluminum. Attenuated total reflectance at 55° can be employed to probe the structure of conversion coatings present on aluminum at relatively high coating weights (≥23 mg Cr/m2). Both reflection-absorption infrared and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic techniques can discern the presence of conversion coatings at coverages as low as 9 mg Cr/m2. On the basis of the vibrational spectra from these techniques, we have determined that hydrated chromium phosphate is the major component in these conversion coatings on aluminum. Reflection-absorption infrared and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopies also provide a means to determine the molecular structure of the nascent oxide layer on aluminum as a function of processing conditions. Specular reflection, attenuated total reflectance at 35°, diffuse reflectance, and Raman spectroscopic methods, in general, lack the surface sensitivity necessary to probe thin (≤23 mg/m2) inorganic films on aluminum.


Thum, T., et al. (2011), 'Soil carbon model alternatives for ECHAM5/JSBACH climate model: Evaluation and impacts on global carbon cycle estimates', Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, G02028, published 29 June 2011. The version of record is available at doi:10.1029/2010JG001612 © 2011 American Geophysical Union.


Sustainability is a complex concept including ecological, economic and social dimensions, which in turn involve several aspects that are interrelated in a complex way, such as cultural, health and political aspects. Systems thinking, which focuses on a system's interrelated parts, could therefore help people understand the complexity of sustainability. The aim of this study is to analyse student teachers' level of systems thinking regarding sustainability, especially the ecological dimension, and how they explain the relationship between species identification, biodiversity and sustainability. Nordic student teachers (N = 424) participated in a questionnaire and their open answers were content-analysed and categorised. The results indicate the student teachers' low level of systems thinking regarding ecological sustainability. About a quarter of them (25.4%) had a basic level including interconnections (13.7%), additional feedback (8.9%) and also behavioural aspects (2.8%), but none of them reached an intermediate or advanced level. The low level of systems thinking could be explained by two main factors: (1) Systems thinking has not been used as an educational method of developing understanding of sustainability in teacher education programmes; and (2) systems thinking is also a result of life experiences; the older ones showing more systems thinking than the younger ones. Therefore, elementary forms of systems thinking should be an educational method already in primary education.


A superset of the C programming language that is applicable to the SIMD/MIMD mode processing environment of PASM is described. The language extensions for SIMD mode include the definition of parallel variables, functions, and expressions; a scheme for accessing parallel variables; and extended control structure semantics. Extensions for MIMD mode are realized by defining a preprocessor to convert a generalized CSP-like language to standard C with operating system calls inserted to support the parallelism. Extensions to the libraries of I/O and operating systems functions used in parallel mode are also discussed. The PASM parallel processing system is used as an example target machine.


The article is devoted to the educational problems of generation Z generation of the digital era. The authors present the characterist ics and distinctive features of this generation, they highlight the problem points that the education system should pay attention to in order t remain actual . The authors also offer recommendations for teachers who work with the generation Z representativ es. These recommendations can be useful in organizing the process of teaching a foreign language .


An. account is given on the value of stool examinations to the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni; its positivity indicates active parasitism. Rectal biopsy was able to demonstrate the infection in 95% of intestinal cases and in 75% of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis; therefore, faeces examinations are necessary in order to diagnose a greater number of hepatoesplenic cases. The presence of dead eggs and/or granulomas and/or shells evidenciates the infection.


Perturbations in cardiac performance can cause significant dysfunction of other organs. Although mostly apparent in cardiogenic shock, collateral organ dysfunction also occurs in stable chronic heart failure (HF) patients. Several organ systems have been implicated, including the kidney, liver, intestine, lungs, and skeletal muscle. More recently, a profound and generalized bone marrow dysfunction was reported in HF patients. Interestingly, the extent of collateral organ dysfunction may be even more important for prognosis than the severity of cardiac dysfunction itself. For example, the extent of kidney dysfunction more accurately predicts survival than left ventricular ejection fraction, attesting to the importance of collateral organ dysfunction. Heart failure has been associated with cognitive impairment since the late 1970s, when the term 'cardiogenic dementia' was first introduced. Now, many years later, the possible connection between HF and cognitive impairment remains unresolved, mainly because of the limited number of studies on this subject. Recently, a systemic review of the literature on cognitive impairment in HF patients was published in this journal. Although cognitive impairment and HF may coincide in the elderly, there is evidence of an increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in HF patients in general. However, the reported prevalence of cognitive impairment in HF ranges from 0 to 73.5%. Explanations for this wide ranging prevalence might be heterogeneity in the HF patients studied (both regarding the underlying aetiology and the severity of HF), the variety of vascular risk factors, co-morbidities and the different neuropsychological screening instruments used. This heterogeneity also makes it difficult to identify underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in HF patients. After atrial fibrillation, HF is the second most frequent cause of cardio-embolic strokes. As in atrial fibrillation, stroke in HF is predominantly cardio-embolic and may lead to dementia in the case of multiple emboli. The emboli are likely caused by left ventricular dysfunction (severe global dysfunction or regional dysfunction with akinetic, dyskinetic, or aneurysmal wall segments) predisposing to thrombus formation. In patients with HF, a low ejection fraction is the most important single predictor of thrombus formation and cerebral infarction. Notably, among older patients with HF the extent of cognitive impairment correlates with the degree of left ventricular dysfunction. Another possible cause of cognitive impairment in HF is reduced cerebral perfusion due to reduced blood flow to the cervico-cephalic arteries and the brain, secondary to low cardiac output. But this may not be the only mechanism, since in HF patients cerebral auto-regulation is often also impaired, and the combination of low cardiac output and a disturbed cerebral auto-regulation is deemed particularly detrimental for cerebral perfusion. In conclusion, both multiple emboli and cerebral hypoperfusion may impair cognition in patients with HF. Having said that, in clinical practice it may be difficult to determine which of these two causes is active or whether it is perhaps a combination of both. Moreover, it is conceivable that these different pathophysiological mechanisms (i.e. multiple brain infarctions due to cardio-embolic stroke and atrophy due to cerebral hypoperfusion) lead to heterogeneous profiles of cognitive impairment. A method that can provide valuable information about the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in neuro-cognitive functioning is brain imaging. Remarkably, only three brain imaging studies to evaluate cognitive impairment in patients with HF have been reported to date. 11 In the present issue of the European Journal of Heart Failure, Kumar et al. 12 report a fourth brain imaging study in HF patients. The first study on this subject was performed by Schmidt et al. 9 in 1991. In this case control study, 20 neurologically asymptomatic patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) and 20 healthy age-matched controls were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the patient group, there was a significantly higher rate of cerebral infarcts and cerebral atrophy. Cognitive function was significantly worse in the IDCM patients and especially in those with more infarct-load and atrophy on MRI. In 1995, Alves et al.reported a 99 m Tc-HMPAO SPECT study investigating regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities in 17 HF patients compared with healthy controls. Significant regional blood flow abnormalities were found in the HF patients, predominantly in the posterior


Based on the analysis of the intensity formula of standing wave distribution along x axes in a waveguide,the wavelength of microwave was obtained by fitting the data to the formula.This method could not only reduce the error but also calculate the microwave reflectance.


While the Internet existed as far back as the 1960s, it was not until the advent of the World Wide Web in the early 90s, that this technology began impacting our everyday lives as an information dissemination tool. This application is so dominant that many would treat the Web as the synonym of the Internet. A technique only takes off when it finds a vehicle to communicate with the wide audience, i.e., through a killer application.
 What is the killer application that will make GP become a part of our everyday lives? What are the application problems that GP is particularly suitable for? What can set GP apart from other learning algorithms, and allow it to stand out in the next waves of AI research?


The current study aims to combine the interpretations of the structural geology and pressure transient analyses (PTA) to detect the presence of faults in Zubair and Mishrif Formations in Shuaiba Dome (or culmination) Zubair Oilfield. The structural analysis included geometric and genetic analysis. The PTA analysis used the fluid rates, the pressures (preferably downhole), the fluid PVT, and a few additional parameters (well radius, pay zone, etc.) required from well tests to switch from a qualitative to quantitative analysis. The current study assured the efficiency of using the PTA analysis to detect the faults and it confirmed the presence of major parallel faults of Zubair formation. Besides, the study detects that the major parallel faults may extend to Mishrif Formation not just to Rumaila Formation as per 3D seismic interpretation results. The thickness of the crest of Zubair and Mishrif Formations are less the thickness of limbs. This is maybe related to a bending force that happens because of tectonic movements, reactivated basement faults, and Hormuz salt structures. Consequently, extensional force stretched, and thinned with faults are characterized in Zubair and Mishrif Formations. These faults detected by seismic, structural geology, and PTA analysis.


Objective To understand the disinfection and sterilization status of the dental clinic to further standardize the disinfection technology of the dental clinic of the medical institutions.Methods View on the spot and verbally asked methods were used to investigate the disinfection status in the operation of the dental clinic in 30 medical institutions of the area.Results The diagnosis and treatment region and cleaning and disinfection region were divided in dental clinics of this area but unreasonable layout existed.In 16 medical institutions the area signs of equipment cleaning and disinfection were unclear and the disinfection process was not standardized.A few medical institutions in dentistry were not equipped with pressure steam sterilizer and the phone was insufficient.Full-time oral nurses in dental clinic were deficient and most were junior high school grade technicians.76.67% of dental clinics had perfect rules and regulations and 1/3 of the dental clinics used dental handpieces over the sterilization time and backup phone with unqualified packaging.Conclusion The disinfection management of dental clinic in medical institutions of the area has defects and should be rectified in time to improve the level of disinfection and sterilization management.


Energy and Power Topics around the decentralization from the grid seem to be gathering momentum. Considering that there are wide reticulation networks already electrified, it is evident that the use of renewable energy reaches beyond income parity lines. The purpose of this paper is to size a photovoltaic (PV), battery and diesel generator sizing tool for electrification for local and isolated villages, townships and communities. Although strides were made to electrify a greater part of not only Hammanskraal but South Africa, the community of Hammanskraal has intermittent electricity supply. The application of the tool is demonstrated through MATLAB.


A striking contrast between the two [United States and Europe] becomes obvious in relation to the so-called abuse of A¢â'¬A"margin squeeze.A¢â'¬Â Recent court cases dealing with very similar situations, show the differences of approach.


AUTHOR TITLE Adamson, Lauren Bakeman, Roger Affect and Deed: Developmental Changes in Infant Communication. 'SPONS AGENCY National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Mar 83 GRANT NSFBNS-8012068 NOTE llp.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association (Atlanta, GA, March 23-26, 1983). PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) Speeches/Conference Papers (150)


A linear matrix inequality(LMI) approach was used to design an unbised H∞ filter and the estimation for state variables which were not easily measured in the time delay system was conducted.This filtering error system derived on the basis of LMI satisfiies asymptotically stable condition and H∞ norm of the transfer function of the error system is less than a possitive scalar γ.By the introduction of the unbiased condition,the the proposed approach overcomes the stability limitation in the estimation of the time dealy system,and it can be applied in the estimation of unobservable states of either critical stable and unstable time delay systems.In addition,this approach was used in the estimation of the composition of the product P with a single time delay system in the oil refinery process.In comparison to the filtering approach without delay information,the estimation error of the proposed method is smaller.


Background: Migration and maturation of epidermal dendritic cells, the Langerhans cells (LC), are central events in the initiation of the cutaneous immune response. LC migration from skin to draining lymph nodes is regarded as an indispensable step for the early phase of antigen-specific sensitization. Among the several agents which influence the ability of LC to migrate, previous studies have revealed that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and protein kinase C (PKC) contribute to promoting LC migration. In this work, we studied the effect of two recently developed PKC and MMPs inhibitors of vegetable origin on the migration of in vitro activated LC. Methods: The migratory capacity of epidermal and in vitro generated LC was assessed using a reconstituted basement membrane assay (Matrigel), mimicking the prerequisite passage through the dermal-epidermal basement membrane on the way to the lymph nodes. Results: Contact with chemical allergens, Bandrowski's base or 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS), triggered migration. In the presence of PKC inhibitors, D-erythro-sphingosine and OX100, or an inhibitor of MMPs, LU105, allergen-induced migration of LC was strongly decreased. The association between OX100 and LU105 was more efficient in modulating the migration of activated LC compared to each molecule tested separately. Conclusions: These results showed that PKC and MMPs inhibitors act in synergy to inhibit the migration of activated epidermal dendritic cells in vitro. They underscore the role of PKC and MMPs inhibitors and suggest they may be of relevance for therapeutically regulating epidermal dendritic cell migration in inflammatory dermatoses.


To evaluate the frequency of ovarian torsion in neonates with ovarian cysts (OCs) and to analyze the outcome after surgical treatment.


Pahang state has experienced a rapidly developed. The land use and land cover (LULC) is changed to accommodate the demand for many purposes such as residential, industrial, institutional and commercial purposes. The changes will make the increasing land surface temperature (LST) which contributes to the urban heat island (UHI)
phenomenon. The coupling relationship between LULC changes and LST had been done on the previous study. The result obtained showed that the LST of different LULC
use are differ significantly. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) changes on land surface temperature (LST) in Pahang state. This study uses the data satellite from public domain database to obtain the status of LULC and LST. Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) technique were used to detect the variation of LST based on LULC changes. The statistical analysis were performed to retrieve the relationship between LULC and LST. This study demonstrates the positive relationship between LULC changes and LST. The rapid development makes the LULC changes and makes the increasing LST.


In order to overcome the insufficient boost capability of traditional Boost photovoltaic inverters and the common-mode leakage current problems of traditional quasi-Z-source photovoltaic inverters, this paper proposes a quasi-Z-source-based H6 photovoltaic inverter. Its topology is to combine the quasi-Z source converter with the new H6 inverter proposed in this paper. First, the topology and working principle of the circuit are analyzed, and its steady-state characteristics are proven through mathematical formulas. The boosting capability is enhanced by the quasi-Z source converter, and the leakage current is suppressed by the new H6 inverter. Then use Matlab/Simulink software for simulation analysis, and the simulation proves the reliability and superiority of the circuit topology.


We exhibit large values of the Dedekind zeta function of a cyclotomic field on the critical line. This implies a dichotomy whereby one either has improved lower bounds for the maximum of the Riemann zeta function, or large values of Dirichlet ‐functions on the level of the Bondarenko–Seip bound.


Mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) is a protein kinase which regulates translation initiation.The important role of mTOR in brain signal transduction suggests mTOR can regulate brain synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation.Herein,the structure,the formation of mTOR and the progress of mTOR in memory are summarized.


might emulate. &dquo;Candid and intrepid thinking about fundamental issues-in the crisis of our time this is the central obligation of the universities. This is the standard by which they must be judged.&dquo; That is a challenge which education must examine and meet. Why is higher education presenting so sad a spectacle? What might be done about it? What will be its future? Hutchins has provocative comments to make on all these issues. To those absorbed in the present problems of war adjustment, it is salutary to be reminded: &dquo;The war will compel the reconstruction of American education. The war will compel us to justify every minute and every dollar that goes into education. It will squeeze the waste, water, and frivolity out of our educational system. It will force us to frame a plan of liberal education for every citizen and force us to make it available in


We show that the multipulse application can suppress the degradation of the quantum entanglement with focusing on the concurrence, the degree of entanglement. By evaluating the time evolution of concurrence with a linearly interacting spin-boson model under pulse application, we find that the effectiveness of the multipulse control depends on the non-Markovian nature of the reservoir.


Background and Objectives  This study was conducted by the International Consortium for Blood Safety (ICBS) to identify high‐quality test kits for detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) for the benefit of developing countries.


Objective To study the importance of supplying glucose and necessary heat quantity after blood sugar descended dur-ing the salvage of the patients with diabetic ketosis acidosis (DKA).Method After blood sugar descended,one group with supplying glucose and necessary heat quantity was regarded as observation group and the other group without supplying anything as control group.The clinical data about hypoglycemia,blood sugar hoist again,mean redress for DKA,electrolytic disorder aggravation,cerebral ede-ma and mortality rate of 156DKA patients were statistically analyzed.Results There were significant differences about hypoglycemia,mean redress time for DKA,cerebral edema and mortality comparing between observation group and control group.There were no differences at blood sugar hoist again and electrolyte disorder aggravation.Conclusion Most of DKA patients could not take food for long time,thus they must be supplied with glucose and neceesary heat quantity everyday.As blood sugar lowered to13.9mmol/L,5%glucose solutions should be infused into patients as well as insulin.Because the transfusion volume should be limited when the patients were troubled with cardiac insufficiency,renal insufficiency or cerebrovascular disease,the concentrotion of glucose solution should be raised from5%to10%,15%or 20%according to the principle of consistent glucose within the time units(approximately8g per hour).So DKA can be quickly eliminated,hepoglycemia,cerebral edema and mortality can be reduced.


The electromagnetic interaction between a carbon nanotube and a plasmonic nanoparticle is presented in this paper. In this communication the carbon nanotube is modeled using an integral equation involving a quantum mechanical surface conductance and the electrically small nanoparticle is characterized by its dipole moment. The model can be easily adopted to other systems consisting of electrically small objects coupled to larger objects requiring a full-wave treatment. The mathematical solution is provided for the current induced on a nanotube in the presence of a plasmonic nanoparticle.


This work explores aspects of ideology, as defined by Fairclough
(1992), in a text written by the American poet Jim Morrison.
The poet wrote his poems in the pinnacle of counterculture,
social movement with libertarian characteristics risen in the
sixties. Methodologically, the study is guided by Critical
Discourse Analysis. We used Halliday's Functional Grammar
(HALLIDAY, 1985; 2004), a theoretical tool which is very
utilized by Linguistics researchers. In the poem "America As
Bullring Arena" (MORRISON, 1993), using transitivity, we
investigated the ideological relations expressed in its discourse
compared to the values of the context in which it was produced
(counterculture). The analysis results show that the author's
work is in line with the ideologies of the counterculture
movement. "America As Bullring Arena" implies the interests
of counterculture.


Presence of epidermal cell was essential for the induction of self-defense reaction of citrus plants when inoculated with Diaporthe citri (Faw.) Wolf. If the epidermis was removed from the plant, the self-defense reaction did not occur even if mesophyll was inoculated with the fungus or wounded with a knife mechanically. This suggests that a inducer of self-defense reaction exists in the epidermal cell, and is activated when those cells are damaged. When the self-defense reaction did not induce by penetration with D. citri due to removal of epidermis, fungus spread inside the tissues, and pycnidia and spore-horn were formed.


Introduction The Kansas Cancer Partnership (KCP) began their work in the summer of 1999 at the request of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE). The mission of the partnership was to focus on the reduction of cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality for all Kansans through research, prevention, early detection, treatment, recovery, and palliative care. The Partnership completed their first set of tasks by utilizing available data and identifying gaps in the data to describe the burden of cancer in Kansas. Cancer is a major public health issue with an estimated 13,178 cases (ageadjusted rate: 457.67 per 100,000) for all cancer types in Kansas in 2006. 1 Of the 120,704 new cases of cancer reported in the Kansas Cancer Registry from 1997-2005, there were 20,211 cases of female breast cancer (16.7%). In the winter of 2003-04, KDHE and the Partnership began development of the Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Plan. The first step was a "Listening Tour" in four communities across the state to compile opinions and preferences. The tour was formed to hear what Kansans believed were the most important priorities to impact positive cancer-related changes. To continue the cancer planning conversation with a specific focus on breast cancer, the MidKansas Affiliate of Susan G. Komen for the Cure funded an additional focus group study in 2009 to document experiences and perceptions about breast cancer survivorship and to outline the possibility for developing a survivorship center in Wichita for Kansas breast cancer survivors. The 2009 study utilized a series of focus groups with breast cancer survivors to gather information about patient experiences and preferences for survivorship care. Focus groups and surveys used to assess breast cancer issues and treatment needs previously have included quality of life 2 , barriers to exercise 3 , cancer survivorship 4,5 , coping skills 6-8 , massage therapy 9 , and satisfaction with care 10 .


Objective To explore the correlative factors of acute impaired renal function(AIRF) resulting from acute cerebrovascular disease(ACVD) and provide a reasonable basis for the clinical treatment of ACVD and the prevention of IRF.Methods The observation group consisted of 60 cases with normal renal function before admission and with higher urea nitrogen and creatinine after one-week admission;the control group 40 cases with normal urea nitrogen and creatinine.Results The patients with cerebral apoplexy,pulmonary infection,and diabetes were correlated with IRF caused by ACVD.Compared with the control group,the differences were quite striking(P0.01).The death rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P0.01) after the acute impaired renal function.Conclusion It will provide a rational basis for the preven-tion of IRF to apply mannitol properly and find out the dangerous factors affecting renal function.


Intracellular Ca2+in Trypanosoma cruzi is mainly located in an acidic compartment named the acidocalcisome, which among other pumps and exchangers possesses a plasma membrane-type Ca2+-ATPase. Evidence for an endoplasmic reticulum-located Ca2+ uptake has been more elusive and based on indirect results. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding a sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum-type Ca2+-ATPase from T. cruzi. The protein (TcSCA) predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the gene has 1006 amino acids and a molecular mass of 109.7 kDa. Several sequence motifs found in sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum-type Ca2+-ATPases were present in TcSCA. Expression of TcSCA in yeast mutants deficient in the Golgi and vacuolar Ca2+pumps (pmr1 pmc1 cnb 1) restored growth on EGTA. Membranes were isolated from the pmr1 pmc1 cnb1 mutant transformed with TcSCA, and it was found that the TcSCA polypeptide formed a Ca2+-dependent and hydroxylamine-sensitive32P-labeled phosphoprotein of 110 kDa in the presence of [γ-32P]ATP. Cyclopiazonic acid, but not thapsigargin, blocked this phosphoprotein formation. Transgenic parasites expressing constructs of TcSCA with green fluorescent protein exhibited co-localization of TcSCA with the endoplasmic reticulum proteins BiP and calreticulin. An endoplasmic reticulum location was also found in amastigotes and trypomastigotes using a polyclonal antibody against a COOH-terminal region of the protein. The ability of TcSCA to restore growth of mutant pmr1 pmc1 cnb 1 on medium containing Mn2+ suggests that TcSCA may also regulate Mn2+homeostasis by pumping Mn2+ into the endoplasmic reticulum of T. cruzi.


The application of semi-solid metal forming technology to the production of high-quality copper alloy parts has attracted more and more attention. Accordingly, as the key and foundation of semi-solid metal forming technology, it is particularly important to stably and efficiently prepare copper alloy semi-solid slurry with high quality. The purpose of this study was to innovatively optimize the process parameters by combining multiple optimization algorithms to stabilize the preparation of high-quality CuSn10P1 semi-solid slurry. And the self-developed Fully Enclosed Melt-Constrained Cooling Inclined Plate (FEMCIP) device was taken as the experimental equipment. Based on the optimization method of neural network genetic algorithm, the parameters of the preparation process of CuSn10P1 semi-solid slurry were optimized by combining orthogonal experimental design, grey correlation analysis method and Latin hypercube sampling, and using the finite element analysis software ProCAST and data analysis software MATLAB with the average shape factor as the evaluation index. By comparing with the slurry before optimization, numerical simulation results and experimental verification results, it was found that the semisolid slurry prepared by the crucible with preheating temperature of 990°C, cooling water flow rate of 680.517 L/h, cooling channel angle of 45°, inclined plate length of 300 mm and quasi-isothermal time of 42.715 s had the best quality. In this research, the semi-solid slurry of CuSn10P1 alloy with uniform microstructure and high roundness of solid particles was prepared by using this optimization method, which provided a new optimization strategy for the preparation of semi-solid metal slurry by using inclined plate type equipment.


The authors developed an ultra-wideband radar operating over frequencies from 500 MHz to 18 GHz and used it in conjunction with a plane-wave illuminator to perform radar backscatter measurements over pancake, bare and snow-covered saline ice. The ice was grown in an outdoor pond at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH. Data were acquired over incidence angles from 0/spl deg/ to 50/spl deg/ with VV and HH polarizations. Data were also collected on surface roughness, snow properties and ice structure. The combination of wide bandwidth and plane-wave illumination allowed the authors uniquely to identify returns from air-snow and snow-ice interfaces. Returns from the snow-ice interface were about 10 dB higher than those from the snow-air interface. At 0/spl deg/ incidence scattering from bare saline ice varied little with frequency over the frequency range from 5 to 18 GHz, whereas scattering from pancake ice increased from about 16 dB at 5 GHz to 27 dB at 18 GHz. In contrast scattering from snow-covered ice decreased by about 10 dB over the same frequency range. For both bare and snow-covered saline ice, the scattering coefficient decreased by more than 40 dB with over the angular region from 0/spl deg/ and 30/spl deg/. The rapid decay of the scattering coefficient is indicative of the presence of a coherent component near vertical and of the dominance of surface scattering over this angular region.


The series of lectures will overview some recent contributions on several theoretical aspects and numerical approaches in stochastic homogenization. After an introduction to the elementary aspects of stochastic homogenization, a variant of the classical theory will be presented. It has been introduced in [6], and further studied in [11, 16]. The relation between stochastic homogenization problems and other multiscale problems in materials science [7] will be emphasized. Several numerical approaches will be presented: some for genuinely stochastic problems (where variance issues are a practical concern and need to be addressed for efficiency purposes, [9, 10, 13]), and some for approximations of stochastic problems when the random character is only a perturbation of a deterministic model [1, 2, 3, 12, 14]. Most of these contributions are summarized in [15, 4]. Further details will be available in [5, 11, 17]. The series of talks will be centered around a simple, linear elliptic situation, since the focus is


The parameter measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flow has important industrial applications and scientific research significance. In order to realize the measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters, this paper designs a sensor for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) based on series resonance technology. Through the analysis and design of the sensor structure, it is not only possible to combine the designed sensor shielding structure, which can weaken the influence of external interference signals; it is also possible to eliminate the influence of capacitive resistance in the measurement through the series resonance technique; and its input and output characteristics are monotonic, which facilitates the measurement of parameters. In order to verify the theoretical linearity of the input and output characteristics of the dual inductance sensor, conductivity measurement experiments were carried out to obtain the result that the sensor is monotonic in input and output characteristics, but not linear in practice. After the demonstration and experiments, the results show that the developed dual inductance sensor validates well and meets the requirements of the detection.


ABSTRACT The price‐making ability of food small and medium‐sized enterprises (SME) is important for their market survival. Since pricing is a part of marketing activities, by developing specific marketing capabilities, firms can improve their ability to make pricing decisions. This paper aims at evaluating the relationship between marketing capabilities and a firm's price‐making ability. A survey was conducted based on a sample of 371 food SMEs in the EU. We applied an Ordinal Regression Model to evaluate the determinants of a firm's price‐making ability. The analysis results revealed a certain ability of SMEs to set prices. Market analysis and marketing strategy planning capabilities are positively related to the price‐making ability of a firm, while firm size is not. Supply chain relationships play a crucial role in price‐making due to the strong constraint presented by the presence of vertical competition between food SMEs and supermarkets. (L25, L66, M31)


Web crawlers are programs that are used by search engines to collect necessary information from the internet automatically according to the rules set by the user. With so much information about sports news on the internet, it takes web crawlers with incredible speed in the process of crawling. There are several previous studies that discussed the process of extracting information in a web document that needs to be considered both in terms of both aspects, including in terms of the structure of the web page and the length of time needed. Therefore, in this research the web crawler application was developed by applying a multi-thread approach. This multi-thread approach to research is used to produce web crawlers that are faster in the process of crawling sports news by involving news sources more than one address at a time. In addition to the multi-thread approach, adjusting the structure of the website pages is also done to ensure the information to be extracted by web crawling. From the results of the multi-thread implementation test on the crawling process, this study has been able to increase speed compared to the single-thread method of 122.95 seconds. But the results of web update detection, have resulted in a speed that decreased by 6.27 seconds in the crawling process with unequal data and the speed on the crawling process has also decreased by 24.76 seconds on server 1 and by 23.92 seconds on server 2.


A European Union-funded consortium called ReSolute plans to build a facility for the biobased solvent Cyrene at a site in France. Cyrene (dihydrolevoglucosenone) is now made in a pilot plant in Aus...


The formation of oxide films on pure Ni surfaces by low energy oxygen ion-beam bombardment at room temperature was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ion-induced oxidation is more efficient in creating thin NiO films on Ni surfaces than oxidation in oxygen atmosphere. The oxide thickness of bombarded samples is related to the penetration depth of oxygen ions in Ni and scales with the dose of implanted oxygen, Φ, as Φ1/6. This type of oxide growth is predicted theoretically for diffusion of Ni cations by doubly charged cation vacancies, which creation and mobility is greatly enhanced by ion-irradiation.


A curriculum‐based assessment approach was used to examine differences in writing fluency between normal children and children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder. The students' fluency in writing their first names and the digits 0‐9 was measured with 1‐min timings. The results suggest that curriculum‐based measures are simple to administer and score. As a diagnostic tool, curriculum‐based assessment may have greater relevance to actual classroom skills.


When universities offered the first online degrees, they served local markets because of limitations in the educational technology. The potential of the global market was yet to be recognized. Public universities and colleges followed the traditional routine of charging higher tuition for students outside the service area and much greater tuition rates for foreign students. Today, the new market is global. Universities that can adapt to the needs of international students will have unlimited market opportunities. The global market will be open. There will be no protected service areas. Degree quality, price, and student service will be the variables that students will use to choose their borderless online degree universities. This chapter identifies students' needs, borderless-degree variables, market barriers, and winning approaches for determining tuition, curriculum, and pedagogy. Innovations that will distinguish market leaders are reviewed.


Objective To scientifically prove the high number of patients with fractures coming from the small towns of the State of Ceará treated with surgery by the SUS (the Brazilian State healthcare system) in Fortaleza. Methods A transversal, prospective, descriptive study was carried out involving 1694 patients treated by the SUS in Fortaleza, from August 2006 to March 2007, in four public hospitals and three private hospitals. Results 38.78% of the patients came from small towns, and their ages ranged from 1 to 97 years old. The majority were single, male adults. The most common mechanism of injury was traffic accidents, accounting for 30.4% of all the cases. The forearm was the body segment most operated on, corresponding to 19%. Conclusions These results suggest there is a need for preventive measures, such as public traffic safety awareness campaigns, in order to reduce accidents. We have also verified the importance of investments aimed at developing the Traumatology Emergency services in the small towns of Ceará. Level of evidence II, Transversal, Prospective Study (Lower quality prospective study).


This research is about local government policies in realizing smart city. This research is motivated by the existence of a new paradigm in governance and public services in local government as a way to improve good governance (Good Governance). The purpose of this research is to improve smart cities with policy innovation and technological innovation. This study uses a qualitative method. Triangulation of data sources is to explore the truth of certain information through various methods and sources of data acquisition. Observational researchers are involved (participant obervation), written documents, archives, historical documents, official records, notes or personal writings and drawings to produce different evidence or data. Whereas data processing researchers conducted data reduction. The reason for choosing this method is that this study is a contemporary social phenomenon / event. With this method, researchers can carry out observations and in-depth interviews with careful subjects. The results obtained in this study are in the management and development of smart city in the city of Medan, the city government has issued a regulation of Medan Mayor number 28 in 2018 concerning Smart city Kota Medan. the urgency of the guardianship formation is based on the development and synergy of all potential and integrated resources. Not only that, the Medan city government has also made a master plan for a smart city development roadmap to build integration between OPDs. The obstacles in reaching smart city are the uneven infrastructure and human resources to utilize ICT in the process of governance and public services. However, various efforts to overcome obstacles have also been prepared by taking into account the application infrastructure; human Resources; network infrastructure; information infrastructure, network integration, information and applications; funding; organizational structure, management system and work processes for better governance.


Clinical ethics support (CES) services for health-care institutions aim to help health-care professionals, patients and their families, to deal with moral issues regarding clinical practice and related policies. CES services comprise a range of models and are organized within diverse institutional structures and with a broad range of (normative) aims, methods and procedures. While there have been many claims that CES has important positive outcomes and contributes to the quality of patient care, there is still a lack of robust evidence from evaluation studies that explore the quality of CES and their outcomes at either an empirical or conceptual level. The need for supporting evidence for CES had already been noted in 1994, when John Fletcher and colleagues wrote:


A study to determine the impact of the implementation of LP-LPO (Drug-use Report and Drug-request Form) upon the availability and the rational use of drugs at Puskesmas (Health Centre) had been carried out during 1998. The study location were four districts, i.e. Pasaman and Agam in West Sumatera and Pasuruan and Malang in East Java. The survey was conducted retrospectively by visiting 40 PHCs selected purposively to interview, observe and tranfer data from 1997/1998 LP-LPO. Data concerning the implementation of LP-LPO through some variables, the availability of drugs and an evaluation of rational prescription based on the standard treatment guidelines in the year of 1997/1998 were collected. Multiple regression was used to analyze the correlation among variables of the implementation of LP-LPO and the availability as well as the rational use of drugs, following a general description of each variable involved at selected HCs. The study revealed good results in the implementation of LP-LPO to manage the availability of indicator drugs at HCs. However, at most HCs the drug supply did not fit the request. The percentages of HCs in implementing LP-LPO in terms of variables of planning, scheduling, record keeping, timing of reporting, methods and data resources ranged from 50 to 80%. Statistically there was a significant correlation between the implementation of LP-LPO in terms of the above variables and the availability of drugs. On the contrary, there was no statistically significant correlation between drug availability and rational prescription, which was found only at 5% of HCs.


Nausea and vomiting are common, under-recognised symptoms in advanced cancer. Causes are numerous and multifactorial. Thorough assessment is essential for appropriate management and effective relief of symptoms.

To compare the effectiveness of assessment and management of nausea and vomiting in patients with advanced cancer by a hospital palliative care team before and after the introduction of a clinical flowchart. …


According to the World Health Organization, urinary tract infections are the second most common after acute respiratory infections. It is known that pyelonephritis is not always diagnosed in a timely manner, has a tendency to persistent flow, is difficult to treat, sometimes causing severe complications. Often it is necessary to decide on the origin of the disease, since the tactics of treatment and observation in primary and secondary pyelonephritis are different.


When Dahlias Bend Down is a short documentary that resonates with observational filming practices. It is a portrait of the difficult everyday life an elderly couple in a village in Greece faces, realising that the end of their life journey together approaches. As the film's protagonists are the filmmaker's grandparents, the documentary attains additional meaning, that of an artefact of his personal archive, and future trigger for nostalgia.


The traditional approach of evaluating an ancient translation based on the consistency of equivalences at the lexical level is challenged. It is observed that in the Peshitta to Ezekiel, a fairly high degree of exegesis at the word level by the translator does not amount to a so-called "free translation" in the absolute sense of the word. Rather, the Peshitta to Ezekiel, even though showing a high degree of exegesis at word level, still shows a high degree of consistency of equivalences when the sense behind translated words is considered, thus adding to the value of the Peshitta to Ezekiel in textual criticism. Further, this result necessitates the application of Frame Semantics to the study of the consistency of equivalences in the Peshitta.


The application of 125 % N level of RDF ha -1 significantly increased the growth attributes viz., plant height, number of leaves plant -1 , dry matter plant -1 , number of internodes plant -1 at harvest as compared to rest of the nitrogen levels and it was remained at par with the application of 100 % N of RDF ha -1 .The application of 125 % N level of RDF ha -1 significantly increased forage weight (g) plant -1 , forage production kg day -1 and forage yield t ha -1 (60.6 t ha -1 ) compared to other treatments.


The simulation model, developed by the Center for Studying Health System Change (HSC) and Mathematica Policy Research and funded by The Commonwealth Fund (CMWF), was designed to evaluate the isolated impact of a specific change in payment policy—increasing the fees paid to primary care physicians (PCPs) for evaluation and management visits—on long-run Medicare costs. PCPs are defined as general practitioners, general internists, family practice physicians, and geriatricians (as well as nurse practitioners and physician assistants working with them). The basic architecture of the model (shown in Exhibit A1 in the issue brief) was to estimate prediction models for 19 separate spending categories, covering all Medicare Part A and Part B services. Part D prescription drug claims were unavailable, and these costs are not included in total spending projections. The 19 spending categories were divided into two larger categories, eight "physician" and 11 "nonphysician" services. Total spending was calculated as the sum of these 19 components. Different procedures were used to make projections for each category of services. Physician categories followed BETOS classifications, with some modifications. (BETOS refers to the Berenson-Eggers Type of Service classification of physician procedure codes. For a description, see http://www.cms.gov/HCPCSReleaseCodeSets/20_BETOS.asp.) The construction of the 19 categories and the classification into the two groups were dictated in part by available data. Specifically, the physician categories were constructed for Medicare services for which available data permitted us to estimate physician supply equations. Nonphysician categories include nonphysician Part A services and some Part B services not paid on a relative value unit (RVU) basis, as well as some physician services that are paid on an RVU basis and covered by the BETOS classification system, but for which we lacked the ability to estimate supply equations. The 19 spending categories are described in Table 1. March 2012


This paper analyses the characteristics of high-tech medical equipments and the problems in processof utilization,putting forward a coherent operating mechanism established through multi-sectors to achieve the goals of efficient management and application of modern medical equipments.


Shrinkage phenomena during solidification and cooling of hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloys (AlSi18, AlSi21) have been examined. A vertical shrinkage rod casting with circular cross-section (constant or fixed: tapered) has been used as a test sample. Two type of experiments have been conducted: 1) on development of the test sample linear dimension changes (linear expansion/contraction), 2) on development of shrinkage stresses in the test sample. By the linear contraction experiments the linear dimension changes of the test sample and the metal test mould as well a temperature in six points of the test sample have been registered. By shrinkage stresses examination a shrinkage tension force and linear dimension changes of the test sample as well a temperature in three points of the test sample have been registered. Registered time dependences of the test bar and the test mould linear dimension changes have shown, that so-called preshrinkage extension has been mainly by mould thermal extension caused. The investigation results have shown that both: the linear contraction as well as the shrinkage stresses development are evident dependent on metal temperature in a warmest region the sample (thermal centre).


Aiming at the sparsity, real-time and irregularity of news headline text, a Chinese short text classification algorithm based on DeBERTa-DPCNN is proposed. The short text vector is extracted through DeBERTa's attention decoupling mechanism and the enhanced mask decoder, and the short text information is extracted deeply with the help of DPCNN to obtain more global features of the text. The F1 value of the comprehensive evaluation index of the DeBERTa-DPCNN fusion model is 5.12%, 1.03%, 0.47%, 13.68%, 4.44%, 3.3%, 2.78%, 0.12% higher than that of the BERT model, RoBERT model, XLNet model, joint DPCNN network model, BERT-DPCNN model, ERNIE-DPCNN model, ERNIE-DPCNN-BiGRU model and DeBERTa model respectively.


Introducing a thematic section, this article presents an overview and some of the theoretical considerations resulting from COST Action IS1301, an international research network devoted to the study of lay religious culture during the long fifteenth century. A particular aim of this network was to discuss new European narratives framing the important transformations of lay religious culture during the period c. 1350–1550—a complex historical process that is still often obscured by the competing older narratives of Reformation, humanism, and Renaissance which shape the historiographical heritage. To get beyond the "methodological nationalism" and "methodological modernism" inherent in older paradigms, the article suggests viewing the transformation of lay religious culture as a long-term process of cultural evolution. It closes with an overview of the most important aspects of this evolutionary process during the long fifteenth century.


The nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b gene and of the control region are described for Cynomys mexicanus and Spermophilus spilosoma. The cytochrome b gene was characterized by the presence of eight non-synonymous substitutions at the inter-generic level, presented mainly in the transmembrane zone (87%). The control region was characterized by the presence of the conserved blocks, ETAS1 and CSB1; by the absence of repetitive sequences and by the conserved blocks, ETAS2, CSB2 and CSB3. Most of the inter-generic variation (47.9%) was observed in the ETAS domain. The structure of the control region was similar to that of phylogenetic related species.


Short Abstract — The adaptive immune system is an essential part of the pathogen-specific immune response. Its efficiency relies on a balance between diversity and selected potency of cell lineages. Different cell types' (B cells, T cells, naïve, memory) growth is governed by a variety of signals, yet the observed clone sizes follow a universal power law distribution. Using methods from statistical mechanics, we explore biologically relevant mechanisms that could explain the observed distributions. We show that only clone-specific multiplicative noise in a fast varying environment, or alternatively highly heritable cell specific variability are consistent with data. We express the power law exponent in terms of the biological parameters.


. The article examines the effects of job competition on ethnic relations within a multinational state. It argues that demographic increase leads to competition for blue-collar jobs while an increase in the number of graduates from higher education leads to competition over elite jobs. In the first case, people risk unemployment, in the second, blocked career opportunities. Mass-level unemployment may lead to anger-driven mass riots, while an intelligentsia will formulate more rational strategies to eliminate threatening competitors from the labour market. One such strategy is to insist that the state ought to be a national state, in which the national elites will be in control. While questions of identity no doubt also may have an enormously mobilising power in times of national resurgence, identity issues are normally intimately intertwined with interest politics. These mechanisms are traced in the history of ethnic mobilisation in the Soviet Union and the post-Soviet states during and after perestroika.


A richly illustrated study of shawls (rebozos) and serapes, describing the techniques from pre-Hispanic times until this century of these two characteristic Mexican costumes, their materials, weaves, fibers, and dyestuffs. The fabrics are mainly cotton, wool, and silk. Illustrations show the shuttle, spindle, and artifacts of pre-Hispanic weavers and surviving techniques, as well as the embroideries of both types of dress.


BACKGROUND: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is one of the techniques for shaping behavior and procedure for changing non-adaptive beliefs by using cognitive-behavioral theory to treat addiction disorders. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on mental well-being of opioid users. METHODS: This pretest-posttest experimental study was conducted among drug users in Sanandaj city, Northwest of Iran, during 2016. To conduct the research, 20 participants were selected using available sampling method, and randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental and control. The experimental group received knowledge about cognitive therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. We gathered the data of two study groups using Mental Well-being Questionnaire before and after intervention. Data analyses conducted using independent sample t test. RESULTS: Mindfulness therapy had a significant effect on subjective well-being of opium users. So that, the mean scores of the variable of the overall index of mental well-being in the experimental group (177.90 ± 20.14) was significantly larger than the control group (141.30 ± 19.16) in the posttest with the control of the effect of the pretest (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Findings of the present study suggest that cognitive therapy based on mind-awareness strategies helps people to replace reasonable beliefs with irrational beliefs in order to achieve new insights that seek to communicate with others and improve subjective well-being.


Although water only takes a little percentage in the total mass of soil, it indeed plays an important role to the strength of structure. Moisture transfer can be carried out by many different mechanisms which may involve heat and mass transfer, thermodynamic phase change, and the interplay of various forces such as viscous, buoyancy, and capillary forces. The continuum models are not well suited for describing those phenomena in which the connectivity of the pore space or the fracture network, or that of a fluid phase, plays a major role. However, Lattice Boltzmann methods (LBMs) are especially well suited to simulate flows around complex geometries. Lattice Boltzmann methods were initially invented for solving fluid flows. Recently, fluid with multicomponent and phase change is also included in the equations. By comparing the numerical result with experimental result, the Lattice Boltzmann methods with phase change will be optimized. Keywords—Frozen soil, Lattice Boltzmann method, Phase change, Test rig.


As the traditional thoughts of China, the relationship between justice and interests is the closest value among the politics, economy and culture. The managerial thoughts of the traditional enterprises of China which is represented by the Confucius' "the view of justice and interests", have the academic value and practical significance in constructing the way of hospital's management which is composed of complying with the ethics,relating to credit, basing on the people, consummating the mechanism of prompting and making the quality as the core. It will guide the hospitals to seek the view of moral and value of law, so as to achieve the general development between the morality and benefit.


When applied preplant incorporated and at last cultivation (lay-by), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) at 56 L/ha, 1,3-D/17% chloropicrin (C-17) at 65.5 L and 93.5 L/ha, and fenamiphos at 6.7 kg a.i./ha + metalaxyl at 0.56 kg a.i./ha were equally effective in reducing tobacco black shank on cultivars K-326, Speight G-70, and Coker 371 Gold. Methyl bromide at 112 kg/ha injected into the soil prior to transplanting was not effective in reducing black shank but reduced damage from root-knot nematodes in all cultivars. All treatments reduced final root-gall indices compared to the untreated control in 1990 and 1991. In 1991, final root-gall indices were higher for Coker 371 Gold, a cultivar with no resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, than for Speight G-70 or K-326, cultivars with resistance to M. incognita [...]


Aiming to overcoming some malpractices at home in the road landscape design,such as seeking form beauty unilaterally,lacking local characters,ect.,an idea of constructing imageable road landscape was put forward to emphasize the concept of place spirit and ecology and to realize the harmonious unification among ecology,safety and culture in road landscape.


Dr. G. NEALE (1)*: The patient (Case No. 316260; P.M. 12193) was 50 years old at the time of his death in 1967. His early medical history was unremarkable. In 1953 he became progressively unwell with loss of weight, vague abdominal pains, and later some diarrhoea. He was admitted to Chelmsford Hospital, where he was found to have a megaloblastic anae (haemoglobin 7 g./100 ml.), free gastric acid, and steatorrhoea. The provisional diagnosis of idiopathic steatorrhoea was justified by a good response to treatment with a gluten-free diet and folic acid. He was obsessive about his diet, though whenever he was mentally stressed he tended to get abdominal upsets with pain or diarrhoea. In 1963 a jejunal biopsy taken at Chelmsford showed partial villous atrophy, which confirmed the diagnosis of idiopathic steatorrhoea. In 1965 the patient developed a gastric ulcer, which was treated with antacids, including the proprietary preparation Nulacin. His ulcer healed rapidly, but the diarrhoea recurred and he again started to lose weight. He was readmitted to Chelmsford Hospital and his progress is shown in Fig. 1. In hospital he was shown to have steatorrhoea (15 g./day), which


INTRODUCTION The concepts of "modernism" and "postmodernism" (or "modern" and "postmodern" in usage on post-soviet scientific space and "modernity" and "postmodernity" in English-language literature) 1 today are widely used in a scientific context. At the same time, the scatter of their meanings, understandings, and definitions is very large. There is no consensus among scientists on the chronological framework of periods indicated by these concepts. This fact actualizes the continuation of research to identify the specifics of the concepts of modernity and postmodernity, as well as the phenomena that they designate. In the context of this problem, the judgments and conclusions of the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset are interesting. The study of his work is relevant due to the unresolved circle of cultural and philosophical problems and questions that he posed at the beginning of the twentieth century for the world culture (and above all – European culture) of our time. The work of Jose Ortega y Gasset as a whole is characterized by trends inherent in the culture of the first half of the twentieth century, which are usually collectively defined as the period of modern, modernism, and avantgarde. At the same time, in a significant part of Ortega's work, we can notice the trends of the next period, which became significant in the second half of the twentieth – the beginning of the twenty-first century, the tendencies of postmodernity and postmodernism. What is the reason for this phenomenon? Is this the result of creative insights of a gifted person or the implicit presence of postmodernity features in modernity, or maybe this is a consequence of the blurriness and uncertainty of the distinguished stages boundaries in worldview and culture, which are conventionally defined as "modernity" and "postmodernity"? Naturally, it is hardly possible to unambiguously and fully study the problem and answer these questions in the framework of one article. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to expand the understanding of Jose Ortega y Gasset's cultural studies, to identify the features of


The paper presents the results of modeling of selected modern computer networks scenarios. The study used a mathematical model of fluid flow approximation, describing the effects of time varying packet traffic on the network switches and packet loss generation by the assumptions of the RED mechanism used in routers. The carried out experiments included the influence of the parameters initial settings on the behavior of a whole system.


The research is motivated by the researcher's curiosity about the process and results of improving students' skills in short story writing skills. What is the process and results of students' ability to write short story texts, namely by applying the think pair and share method in the learning process? This study aims to determine the process and results of short story text production in class XI students using the think pair and share method. The method used in this study is the quasi-experimental design method. The sample used in this study is class XI, with 25 students. Data collection techniques using the initial test and final test. Based on the results of research students' ability to write short story texts before using the think pair and share method obtained an average initial test score of 47 and after using the think pair and share method obtained an average final test score of 59.84. The results of the ability to write short story texts increased, so conclusions can be drawn using the think pair and share method in class XI can improve students' ability to write short story texts.


The influence of various countermeasures on annual intake of 137Cs by the local population was investigated in field experiments in Tula region contaminated after the accident on ChNPP. The effectiveness was evaluated by the reduction factor of radionuclides accumulation in crop products. The most effective countermeasures in the region of leached and podzolized chernozems are: liming, application of mineral fertilizers at increased rates of phosphorus and potassium, selection of species and varieties. After complex application of countermeasures on chernozems soils intake of 137Cs by local population due to consumption of staples was reduced by up to 2 times.


Background: Cytokine profiles have traditionally been explored in serum due to its ease of accessibility and the diagnostic and assessment capabilities in a clinic setting. Utilization of additional cytokine depots, such as hilar lymph nodes, has not thoroughly been explored. In this study, we examined the cytokine profile of mediastinal and hilar lymph node fine needle aspirates to identify markers capable of differentiating high-risk smokers (>30 pack-years) from low-risk smokers (<30 pack-years), independent of current cancer diagnosis. Methods: We used the cytokine profiles of 27 patients from a pro-spective convenience pilot study conducted at the University of New Mexico. Logistic regression analysis was employed.Results: A significant difference in mean cytokine values for Leptin was discovered between patients categorized as low-risk and high-risk pack year smokers (p=0.034). Additionally, mean cytokine values of Leptin did not differ between patients by cancer diagnosis (malignant vs. benign). Our analysis demonstrated Leptin as a fair marker for discriminating between high-risk smokers and low-risk smokers (AUC 0.73). Conclusions: We conclude Leptin is an optimal cytokine to discriminate between high-risk and low-risk smokers. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the ability of Leptin to serve as such an indicator via hilar lymph nodes.


The mite Premicrodispus turkmenus Badoodam & Hajiqanbar sp. nov. is described and illustrated found in a vial containing Lucanus ibericus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) in Golestan Province, northern Iran. Other records of microdispids are as follows: Paramicrodispus scarabidophilus Hajiqanbar and Rahiminejad, 2012 found in a vial containing Dorcus parallelus (Say, 1823) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae); Premicrodispus rackae Khaustov, 2006 found in a vial containing Oryctes nacicornis L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); and Premicrodispus acuitisetus Khaustov, 2009 associated with Pleurophorus anatolicus Petrovitz, 1961 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Two latter species are new to mite fauna of Iran. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FAB0BA47-7AA3-403C-88AD-6353B5D4DF0B


The Novel of the Mexican Revolution has long been the focus of considerable study. John Rutherford approaches this subject through An Annoted Bibliography of the Novels of the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1917 (Troy, N. Y.: The Whitston Publishing Company, 1972. Pp. 180). The volume, containing texts in both English and Spanish, and hence with a bibliography that is actually 75 pages long including 146 works, is identified in the Introduction as an effort to update and extend a previous work, Ernest Moore's Bibliografia de novelistas de la Revolucion Mexicana, published in Mexico in 1941. It consists of an alphabetical list of works by author, with an accompanying annotation. There are no indices to provide cross references. Although the annotations vary considerably in length and hence quality, this is quite inevitable in a work of this nature, and in general they are highly effective, providing data on the author and the volume's content. The principal problem involved in a work of this nature is the definition of the novel of the Mexican Revolution. Many scholars will undoubtedly look askance at the definition employed here, for the author fails to distinguish between history and literature. Surely historians will differ with his contention that both portray reality, for this ignores the differing purpose and approaches, not to mention scholarly apparatus and citation form, of these two types of study. Even when both employ historical events, their use of such material is quite distinct, reflecting differing purposes. The author also finds it difficult to distinguish between the memoirs of participants and novels based on personal experience, classifying all as "novelized biographies." Historians will be aghast at the inclusion of the memoirs of such individuals as Alvaro Obregon, Nemesio Gracia Naranjo, Querido Moheno, Miguel Alessio Robles, Jose Vasconcelos, Alberto Pani, and many others in a bibliography of "novels," for these, and even the ghost written memoirs of Victoriano Huerta, can scarcely be placed in the same category with works such as Martin Luis Guzman's Memorias de Pancho Villa, much less of fictionalized versions of the experience of individual soldiers or units in the Revolution. K.J.G.


A collaborative project has been initiated to develop a standards-based, comprehensive technology infrastructure that will enable encoding and dissemination of interoperable, electronic clinical practice guidelines (CPG's). Three key deliverables of this large scale ($18M), 3-year project include: An interoperable guideline model, a guideline authoring/encoding workbench, and a guideline deployment system. Our approach will be to employ and extend existing informatics standards, and to collaborate closely with standards development organizations. The project methodology will build on earlier efforts in this field, and will be driven by requirements specific to supporting active deployment of guideline content within clinical information system (CIS) workflow.


The change of ambient temperature affects the conversion accuracy of current/frequency (I/F) conversion circuit, which is the digital output system of inertial devices, and then affects the output accuracy of inertial navigation system. To solve this problem, this paper studied the temperature characteristics of I/F conversion circuit and found out the main influencing factors of temperature drift of I/F conversion circuit. From the perspective of engineering application, a method based on temperature drift modeling and compensation of I/F conversion circuit was proposed. Through repeated experiments, the temperature compensation model of I/F conversion circuit was obtained. The experimental results showed that in the temperature range of −20°C~+20°C, the output frequency of the I/F conversion circuit after compensation changed from 12Hz/°C to 3.2Hz/°C, and the mean square error decreased from 727.4Hz to 56.27Hz, which effectively improved the temperature characteristics of the I/F conversion circuit.


In order to investigate decoloration of dyeing wastewater and its recycling feasibility,a novel heterogeneous three-dimensional photoelectrocatalytic reactor,in which isolated multilayer fixed-bed were filled with reactive carbon loaded modified nano-TiO2,was employed in decolorizing reactive dyeing wastewater.Some factors affecting the decoloration such as reactive carbon dosage,pH value and inorganic compound were discussed.The spent dye bath containing these reactive dyes was decolorized and used for dyeing of cotton fabrics with reactive dyes again.A comparison between color characteristics of dyed cotton fabrics has been done respectively in fresh tap water and the recycled water.The results indicate that the rate of decoloration of reactive dyeing wastewater has good result with moderate reactive carbon dosage and the pH value for neutral solutions;NaCl can improve decoloration of reactive dyeing wastewater.It is found that in general decolorized reactive dyeing wastewater may be available in the dyeing of cotton fabrics with reactive dyes.


Introduction: Insulin Pump Therapy has gained worldwide acceptance for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), offering a new method of insulin delivery, which circumvents the need for Multiple Daily Injections (MDI). It is thought to improve quality of life (QoL) by facilitating an increase in lifestyle flexibility, independence and glycaemic control (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, 2010; National Institute for Clinical Excellence, 2008). These benefits have resulted in the National Health Service (NHS) Scotland pledging funding of at least £1million to deliver insulin pumps to under 18s (Scottish Government, 2012). Currently, investigations regarding the impact of Insulin Pump Therapy on QoL have resulted in conflicting findings (Barnard et al., 2007). This study aims to explore the impact of Insulin Pump Therapy on the QoL of children and adolescents, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
Method: Eight participants with T1D, aged between 8 and 13 years and using an insulin pump, were recruited from the Glasgow Royal Hospital for Sick Children Diabetes Clinic. Each participant completed an in-depth interview, which explored their beliefs and attitudes towards Insulin Pump Therapy including its impact on their QoL.
Results: Analysis of the transcripts led to the identification of six super-ordinate themes: 'Physical Impact', 'Mood and Behaviour', 'Lifestyle Flexibility', 'Practicalities', 'Peer Reactions', and 'Support'. It is suggested that these six factors are not mutually exclusive and together inform the complexity of individuals' experiences and the impact that the insulin pump has had on many aspects of their lives. These findings suggest a framework to help clinicians understand how young people with T1D perceive and conceptualise their treatment regimes.
Conclusions: There was general agreement amongst participants that switching to Insulin Pump Therapy resulted in improvements to their QoL. Additional concerns were outlined but reportedly none of the participants regretted switching to an insulin pump.


While some of the trainees have not yet completely recovered from the stormy entry into the run-through system, others are about to face their annual review of competence progression. The Postgraduate Medical Education Training Board has set out clearly the operation of the competence-based


The Whole Life Cycle Engineering Costing Management is an effective method to minimize the cost of an engineering project for the whole life, including the construction period, the operation period and the removal period. In this paper, we divided the Engineering Cost into three parts of labor costs, material costs and machinery costs. We have built a River-influx Model to calculate the social discount rate for the future, based on historical data and using MATLAB software to fit curves. We can then calculate the whole Life Cycle Engineering Cost for the future.


Single phase layered perovskite Bi2SrV2-xMnxO9 where, x=0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.6 mole were prepared by solid state reaction technique and ceramics procedure. The X-ray diffractogramconfirmed the formation of single phase layered perovskite structure in all samples. The thermal stability and phase changements of the green powderswere studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). SEM revealed that the average grain size increases with increasing Mn content.


During the Westernization Movement,the Westernization group raised the curtain of the movement of studying abroad.Soon afterwards the number of overseas students kept increasing.By the late Republic of China,the groups of students studying abroad had completed the modernized transformation which was the result of their self-construction.Besides,the overseas students also achieved their self-construction by participating in the social construction and putting up the development platform.


Purpose. The aim of the article is to offer a method of estimating the factors of micro- and macro-marketing environment, which will allow identifying potentially profitable markets of the world.

Methodology of research. Theoretical analysis of concepts and principles is carried out on the basis of using general scientific methods. The main tools of practical research are based on the use of matrix methods that allow systematizing the results and presenting them in tabular form, which facilitates the implementation of comparative analysis. Certain mathematical dependences, namely the formula of the geometric mean, are used to determine the weighted values of the factors of micro- and macro-marketing environment. This uses two approaches, one of which allows you to take into account all the factors at once, and the other involves the compensation of lower values of higher values.

Findings. Factors of macro- and micro-marketing environment are singled out. Among the main macro-factors are identified political-legal, economic, demographic, technical-technological and cultural. At the micro level, the key role for the company's activities in the international market is played by such marketing factors as: competitors, consumers, intermediaries and others. A toolkit for assessing the factors of the micro- and macro-marketing environment is proposed, which allows identifying markets, attractive activities and development.

Originality. An evaluation method was developed that allows taking into account not only quantitative but also qualitative factors in the analysis. An element of scientific novelty is the application of the matrix method to the analysis of factors of the micro- and macro-economic environment, which ultimately allows determining the country's market, which has the most favourable environment for functioning.

Practical value. Practical significance determines the universality of the proposed method, which can be used for any group of factors, regardless of the classification criteria, and the method of presenting the results in a convenient form – in the form of a matrix – significantly optimizes and facilitates comparative analysis and allows to determine country and market for exit, which have the most favourable conditions for activity and development.

Key words: micro-marketing environment, macro-marketing environment, factors, competition, consumers, market, intermediaries.


Aimed at the treatment of refractory gold ore in Zhenyuan Gold Mine, the technology of oxidation pre-processing including biological oxidation under high pressure and normal pressure are discussed. lt is necessary to carry out further research oxidizing roasting combined with other process.


Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a multi-potential growth factor whose biological activities depend on its receptor's intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and second messengers such as the mitogen activated protein kinases. Heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) have been demonstrated to enhance or inhibit bFGF activity. The response elicited by HSPG is related to the relative concentrations and binding kinetics for bFGF of the various pools of HSPG. The type of cellular response might depend on the specific HSPG and FGF receptor expressed on the cell surface. The specific core protein of HSPG, and tissue specific differences in heparin sulfate modification result in altered bFGF regulation.


Acquisition of real data from the road network allows network operators to review and model capacity. Modification of the real data based on data from incidents and events on the network offers a route to understanding the limits and elasticity in the network and thence the development of strategies to optimise network operation when events occur. (3 pages)


The objective of this research is to suggest the types and features of remodeling classified by spatial transformation through case studies of apartment housing remodeling since 2001.
Through case studies of apartment housing remodeling, it was possible to classify each term with its level of action. Those terms were repair, improvement, replacement, addition, integration. And after analysis on the level of remodeling was made, the types of apartment remodeling were categorized into four, which is "Room-change" type, "Unit-area addition" type, "Unit-integration extension" type, and "Site-integration expansion" type.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to optimize the transesterification using potassium hydroxide (KOH)-supported polyvinyl alcohol to ease the separation process between glycerol and biodiesel. The design of experiment used was factorial composite design (FCD) and the effects of the amount of catalyst ranging from 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%, methanol to oil ratio from 6:1 to 18:1, and reaction temperature from 55°C to 65°C were studied. Biodiesel yield of 89.9% was obtained at the reaction temperature of 65°C, methanol to oil ratio of 18:1, and 0.7 wt% amount of catalyst.