In this article we address a research problem bordering on sociology and history – the emotional climate in Poland in the 80s in the light of personal documents. We will describe the most important problems connected with the chosen perspective – we intend to apply the achievements of the history of emotions and the sociology of emotions. We will then present the theory of emotional climate by Joseph de Rivera and an untypical source that we are going to use: letters intercepted by censors. Finally we will present a sample of what can be understood from those letters about the emotional climate. Sociology of Emotions, History of Emotions "When Catherine Lutz and Geofrey M. White published an article entitled The Anthropology of Emotions in 1986 summing up the last decade of anthropological studies of emotions, the cited works, including mostly by American anthropologists, amounted to 194. Meanwhile, in 1970 the anthropology of emotions was still 'virtually unknown' (Reddy in Levy 2001: 34). Nowadays studying emotions, feelings, passions and mental states is conducted by interdisciplinary research facilities such as 'The Center for the History of Emotions' in The Max Planck Institute for Human Development (Berlin) or so called research cluster 'Languages of Emotions' in Freie Universität Berlin, employing, among others, cultural and social anthropologists. Since 2009, in cooperation with The International Society for Research on Emotion,


On the basis of an analysis of the film Shoah , by Claude Lanzmann, as well as of Paul Celan's poetry, this essay discusses problematic modalities of representation in contemporary culture. For many contemporary artists, the denial of representation is the only means not to betray an experience which demands and, at the same time, resists interpretation. The study of such kinds of poetry and film will lead us to a conflicting domain between art and history.


One by one, thousands of lights at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have been turned off, taken down from their fixtures, and safely disposed of. In their place, energy-efficient fluorescent lights and light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been installed. These actions were undertaken by leaders at the university physical plant in the interests of lowering costs and reducing environmental impacts. Unnoticed at first, however, was that these lighting upgrades also provided a means to bridge academics and campus operations. Collaboration among members of the physical plant and faculty has recast the lighting upgrades as content in an introductory environmental science course that employs a campus-based approach to sustainability teaching and learning. This article chronicles the lighting upgrades, connects them to larger national trends, and describes the collaborative process between academics and campus operations that brought the lighting upgrades into the classroom, illustrating how a university campus can be a living-learning laboratory for sustainability.


(57) Abstract: modular backrest composite device (30) is removably attached to the wheelchair backrest struts (26). Backrest composite apparatus and the back support device that exhibits a surface hits the back of the wheelchair user (34), the the back portion supporting device desired angle and the desired seat depth relative to said strut is attached to the back portion supporting device and a support chassis that supports (32). The support chassis and the strut is connected to the mounting assembly (42), it is easily fitted also removably with the support chassis and the back support device with respect to the wheelchair. One embodiment of the back support device has an insertion member mounted back plate (182) on its front face. Another one embodiment of the back support device has a plurality of pads mounted to adjustable support tube extending inwardly from the support chassis (300). Each pad is attached to the support tube by elbow joint (338). Each pad ball - is attached to the support tube by the socket joint (342).


The incredible diversity found in cell‐surface glycoconjugate structures led researchers over 30 years ago to propose that complexity in carbohydrates must play a role in cellular communication. Recent studies from a number of laboratories have confirmed this hypothesis, demonstrating that cell‐surface glycoconjugates play significant roles in signal transduction events. One striking example is the effect of O‐fucose modifications on the Notch‐signalling pathway. Notch is a cell‐surface receptor that is essential for proper development. The extracellular domain of Notch contains up to 36‐tandem epidermal growth factor‐like (EGF) repeats, many of which are predicted to be modified at putative consensus sequences with O‐fucose and O‐glucose saccharides. Genetic alterations (by knockout or RNAi methodologies) in the enzyme responsible for the addition of O‐fucose to Notch, protein O‐fucosyltransferase‐1, result in severe, embryonic lethal phenotypes resembling Notch mutants. Thus, O‐fucosylation appears to be essential for proper Notch function. Elongation of the O‐fucose monosaccharide by the β1,3‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Fringe, modulates Notch function, either increasing or decreasing response from ligands depending on context. Although it is now clear that O‐fucose modifications affect Notch signalling, the molecular mechanism by which this occurs is not known. As an initial step in understanding how O‐fucose glycans affect Notch function, we are mapping O‐fucose modifications to specific sites on Notch. Already, we have demonstrated that O‐fucose modifies one of the EGF repeats involved in ligand binding, suggesting that the sugars may play a role in Notch–ligand interactions. Experiments to test the role of O‐fucose modifications at specific sites are in progress. We have also found that Fringe modifies O‐fucose on some EGF repeats but not others. Our initial analyses suggest that the basis of this specificity is encoded within the sequences of the individual EGF repeats. Site mapping has also confirmed the presence of O‐glucose saccharides on Notch. The evolutionarily conserved, predicted O‐glucose sites on Notch are as numerous as those for O‐fucose, suggesting that the O‐glucose modifications will play an equally important role in Notch biology. We have recently identified an enzymatic activity capable of catalyzing the addition of O‐glucose to EGF repeats. Purification of the protein O‐glucosyltransferase is underway. These and other results will be discussed.


AIMS
Archival data from structured interviews of 1193 male prison inmates were subjected to taxometric analysis to determine the latent structure of the alcohol use disorder construct.

METHODS
Analyses were performed using three taxometric procedures: mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC), maximum eigenvalue (MAXEIG), and latent mode factor analysis (L-Mode).

RESULTS
The outcomes were based on three indicators: (1) DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria 1 and 2 (tolerance/withdrawal), (2) DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria 3, 4, and 5 and DSM-IV alcohol abuse criterion 3 (loss of control), and (3) DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria 6 and 7 and DSM-IV alcohol abuse criteria 1, 2, and 4 (negative social/psychological consequences). The outcomes revealed consistent support for a taxonic (categorical) interpretation of alcohol use disorders.

CONCLUSIONS
There may be a taxonic boundary separating those who do and do not qualify for a diagnosis of alcohol dependence or abuse with important implications for diagnosis and treatment.


CLINICAL INTRODUCTION A middleaged man is brought to your ED following a selflimiting generalised tonic–clonic seizure. He is a smoker, with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and peripheral vascular disease, but no previous seizures. He is on aspirin and clopidogrel. On assessment, you see no evidence of trauma. He is confused, with a Glasgow Coma Scale 14 (E4, V4, M6) and mild global limb weakness but no focal neurology. He is newly hypertensive (210/140 mm Hg). His laboratory investigations and CTbrain are normal. An urgent MRIbrain is performed (see figure 1).


The purpose of this study is to make a comparison between the fluorescence emissions of fresh extracted human biopsies and fixed human biopsies, in order to evaluate the impact of fixation on autofluoresence signal. Our group is developing an endomicroscope to image brain tissues in-vivo, however to date, in order to validate our technology the easiest type of samples we can access are fixed samples. However, the fixation is still challenging. For that, we aim through this study to determine whether we should pursue to work on fixed samples or we should shift to work on fresh biopsies. Data were collected on spectroscopic, lifetime measurement and fluorescence imaging set-ups with visible and two-photon excitations wavelengths. Five fresh and five fixed samples are involved in the experiment. Endogenous fluorescence of fixed biopsies were calculated. Experimental results reveal that at 405 nm and 810 nm, the fresh samples have an intensity of fluorescence two times higher than that of fixed samples. However, for each fluorophore and each excitation wavelength, the lifetime for fresh samples is shorter than that for fixed samples. Still, further studies and investigations involving the comparison between different samples are required to strengthen our findings.


The U.S. Navy is considering medium voltage DC (MVDC) power systems as opposed to traditional AC power systems in order to accommodate modern shipboard systems: high power sensors, electronic warfare, and weapons systems. A digital twin of an MVDC naval power system is useful so that its operation can be better understood. In this work, a scaled-down demonstration model of a modern MVDC naval power system is studied through a series of experiments showing the operational benefits of the system when implemented with digital twin technologies. Two portable hybrid unified models of the scaled demonstration system were developed with incorporated machine learning techniques to show improved autonomous control. Because the unified models are portable, they may be developed in one tool, but then used with another tool on another platform. In a field setting, for example, a unified model may be simulated alongside an actual Navy ship to better understand its operation and vice versa.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: control valve includes a body with supply and discharge branch pipes and a shutoff unit installed inside it, which consists of two coaxial hollow cylinders with their walls being fitted by mainly radial holes, and the inner and outer surfaces - by a bearing sealing surface of the seat. Flow rate is controlled due to the displacement of cylinders in respect to each other with the help of a hydraulic fluid supplied to the actuator. EFFECT: improved reliability. 2 dwg


Objective: To determine caries experience and related risk factors in cerebral palsy (CP) children. Methods: Random sample of CP children was examined for dental caries and oral hygiene. Questionnaire was utilized for information about caries risk factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh from December 2014 to May 2015. Results: Fifty-two CP children were examined with mean age of 6.3±2.7 years. Only one (1.9%) child out of the 52 had no clinical caries. Combined (dmft plus DMFT) mean caries score among study sample was 9.98±3.99. Older children had significantly higher mean caries scores (11.5±3.34) than younger children (8.86±4.1, p=0.017). The CP children with good oral hygiene had lowest mean caries score (5.8±7.32) as compared to those with fair (9.72±3.3) and poor (11.55±3.05) oral hygiene (p=0.012). Those children whose first dental visit was for routine check-up had significantly (p=0.02) lower mean caries scores (7.33±4.65) than those who made their first visit due to dental problem (11.57±4.15). Similarly, those who had topical fluoride applications by dentist had significantly (p=0.003) lower mean caries scores (8.67±4.14) than those with no topical fluoride application (11.9±2.89). Conclusion: The studied CP children had very high caries experience and poor oral hygiene. There was strong association between the high caries experience and poor oral hygiene.


By applying the theory of information science,analyzes the basic features of editing information: being social,organizational,informational,and service.Discusses the transmitting process of editing information and the significance of information method in the study of editing.Information method can provide new thoughts for the theoretical study of editing,help consolidate the position of editing as a subject,and strengthen the practicality of editing study.


Abstract Ferrous iron (Iron2+ and Fe2+) has been considered by many investigators to be the active form of iron (Fe) in plants. Experiments were conducted to determine differences in Fe2+ and total Fe in newly emerging leaves of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes considered to be "Fe‐susceptible"; and "Fe‐tolerant"; to low levels of Fe. Treatments consisted of growing plants in nutrient solutions with Fe (+Fe) and without Fe (‐Fe) under growth chamber conditions. Once Fe deficiency chlorosis symptoms were visually observed in plants grown with ‐Fe, leaf samples were collected daily from plants grown in both ‐Fe and +Fe solutions for Fe2+ and total Fe determinations. Iron2+ in the newly emerging leaves of plants grown in ‐Fe or +Fe solutions remained fairly constant. Total Fe changed daily and was dependent on the amount of Fe deficiency stress in sorghum, but not necessarily in maize. Total Fe and Fe2+ values were fairly similar in plants with severe Fe deficiency chlo...


Mannose-binding lectin is an important anti-infection member in the human natural immune system. It is already confirmed that the serum concentration of mannose-binding lectin and its gene polymorphism related with many kinds of liver diseases. This article reviews the mannose-binding lectin and the relation with liver diseases.

Key words:
Mannose-binding lectins;  Liver diseases;  Gene polymorphism


This study was conducted with the aim of defining the ultrastructure of bronchial lymphoid aggregates and lymphoid nodules of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in 3-, 6- and 8-month-old calves. A total of 9 calves divided into 3 age groups of 3 calves in each group was used in this study. Samples of the lungs were taken systematically and processed for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examinations. The results revealed differences between the epithelium of lymphoid aggregates and lymphoid nodules. SEM showed the absence of cilia over the lymphoid nodules but not over aggregates. Flattened, non-ciliated epithelial cells which may be precursors of the M cells were found in lymphoepithelium (LPE) of 3-month-old calves over nodules. The non-ciliated epithelial cells over nodules in 6- and 8-month-old calves were columnar in bronchi, but in bronchioles they were cuboidal. However, in the 3-month-old calves, some were columnar and some flattened in bronchi and in bronchiole, they were cuboidal. Transmission electron microscopic examination showed the presence of two types of M cells found in the LPE. Type 2 M cells were found in 3- and 6-month-old calves while type I M cells predominated in the bronchi in 6- and 8-monthold calves. This work represents the first systematic investigation of the similarities and differences in the ultrastructure of lymphoid aggregates and lymphoid nodules in calves and changes therein as a function of age.


In this paper, we discuss the concept of n-norm and n-normed spaces. Further we prove the equality of seven formulae of n-norms on a Hilbert space and eight formulae of n-norms on a separable Hilbert space. An alternative formula of n-norm on the dual of an n-normed space is introduced. Also, we show its equality with two alternative formulae.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between BMI and inflammatory marker, to find whether BMI can reflect inflammatory marker, and to define the usefulness of BMI as obesity evaluation index for female college students. 110 female college students participated to this study and their height, weight, and body composition were measured. and CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 were analysed as inflammatory marker through blood sampling. Some questionnaire of Heyward's life style survey are used to survey habit of physical activities for variants for statistical analysis. Pearson's simple correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and simple regression analysis were used to examine the relation of BMI and inflammatory makers. The result of this study shows that there is significant relationship between BMI and CRP and partial correlation analysis in which age and habit of physical activities are controlled shows that BMI and CRP are also significantly related. It could be suggested that BMI can be used as index for obesity related inflammatory marker partially.


The discussion of conceptual change that has taken place over the last two decades is peculiar in an important respect: meaning and change of meaning loom large in these discussions, yet no consideration seems to have been given to what linguistics says on these topics. It is almost perverse that in discussions of science carried out by philosophers of science, in which highly controversial claims concerning science turn on assumptions about meaning, there is no attempt to use ideas from the science that studies meaning.1 In ignoring linguistics, these discussions restrict themselves to an overly narrow range of positions on conceptual change in science. In the present paper, I will show that linguistics has a significant contribution to make in extending this range of positions. I will show that there are ideas in linguistics that lead to a new position on con-


According to examine the vertical bearing capacity of the Dry-jet-mixing(DJM) single pile composite foundation,the slow loading method was used in the engineering.The result shows that the slow loading method is effective at examining the single pile composite foundation.


The paper is mainly focused on assessing the local effects of climate change on biodiversity, especially within the conservation of native plant species, by using a wearable plant demonstrator for chlorophyll and growth rate monitoring. The wearable proof-of-concept is implemented with: a) blue fluorescent fiber and light diffusion fiber configuration, for chlorophyll monitoring and b) optical fiber bending measurements, proportional with growing rate of the leaf. The blue fluorescent fiber from the Industrial Optical Fiber-USA is used to monitor chlorophyll fluorescence (spectral analysis) under stimulated conditions produced with light diffusion fiber. Stimulated light is induced by the light coupled to the surface of the leaf to be analyzed, using the Corning Fibrance (LDF) light diffusion fiber. The blue fluorescent fiber-BFF (peak 460 nm) is lateral sensitive and the chlorophyll fluorescence spectrum is coupled to the fiber core. The LDF is placed on the leaf, near BFF. The chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectrum falls outside the absorption spectrum of the blue fluorophore of the doped fiber core BFF. The chlorophyll fluorescence will propagate along the fiber, adding a specific spectral response corresponding to the analyzed scenario. The spectral response reflects the change with the physiological state of the photosynthetic system.


Aim To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of TCM clinical syndrome features of brucellosis and provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods Samples of clinical brucellosis cases were collected and frequency analysis and system clustering analysis were used for statistical processing.Results through of frequency analysis,fever,spontaneous sweating and joint pains,etc.were the frequently occurred clinical symptoms of brucellosis cases.By clustering analysis,signs and symptoms of brucellosis patient could be divided into six categories(based on traditional Chinese medicine theory):Yang deficiency,obstructer flow of blood,Qi deficiency,Yin deficiency,dam-turbidity and dampness-heat.Conclusion The combination law of the symptoms of brucellosis cases is associated with the theory of TCM syndrome differentiation.The identification of symptoms and features of brucellosis cases can offer evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.


Scholarly interest in the relationship between open strategies and innovation performance has been unfailing, and in recent years has even increased. The present paper focuses on inbound open strategies and reviews various approaches (transaction costs, competences, open innovation) dealing with firms' decisions about these strategies. The different approaches result in different conclusions about the optimum level of openness. They are tested empirically taking account of the different degrees of firms' openness (closed, semi-open, open, ultra-open) and their relationship with sales of new-to-the-market products, and using a panel of Spanish firms from a Community Innovation Survey type survey for the period 2004–2008. Our results show that closed and semi-open strategies are the most common among Spanish firms and that open strategies are associated with the best performance, while semi-open strategies are correlated to a higher performance than closed ones. These results hold across different subsamples based on firm size and industry, and are robust to different ways of defining the indicators and to different estimation methods.


This research was carried out to investigation of retention silver (Ag) in different organs and faeces of broiler chicks. A total of 160 one-day-old male broiler allocated in a randomized completely design (CRD) with four group (60 birds), four replicates and 10 broiler in each experimental pens. Experimental diets were included: A) Control (without nano-silver), B) control+5ppm nano-Ag/kg, C) control+1 Oppm nano-Ag/kg and D) control+l5ppm nano-Ag/kg and nano-Ag added to basal diet of broilers throughout research (21-42 days). At the end of study, from any treatments one bird with means's treatment selected and take sampling blood from wing vein and then slaughtered. Immediately after slaughtered, Visceral organs such as: Liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, pancreas, thymus, lungs and tight and breast muscle. Also, to determine rate of Ag in bird's faeces, samples were weekly taken during study and then dried, stored until analysis. Silver concentration in different tissues by using gamma radioactivity method has measured and Ag of rate expressed as ppb (Parts per billion) into different organs and feces. Results showed no significant difference among treatment point of view time saturation of tissues with silver and seem to be quickly distributed by blood circulation. Examination of different organs showed that Ag was accumulated in different tissues of broiler. The highest concentrations Ag were found in breast and leg muscles, spleen, pancreas, faeces, thymus and heart of muscles in the ranking order. We had significantly observed increasing trend concentration of Ag in different tissues corresponding to increase level of nano-silver among control and other group (p<0.01).


Tor is an anonymous communication network. If more users are becoming interested in their privacy, the need for such anonymous services might increase. The second generation Onion Router designs Tor and its previous designs seem to have been under research and there have been rather recent papers on Tor's vulnerabilities. Various lowlatency anonymous communication systems such as Tor and Anonymizer have been designed to provide anonymity service for users. In order to hide the communication of users, most of the anonymity systems pack the application data into equalsized cells (e.g., 512 B for Tor, a known real-world, circuitbased, low-latency anonymous communication network).This project defends cell-counting-based attack against Tor, which allows the attacker to confirm anonymous communication relationship among users very quickly by adopting reputation based routing allocation among the onion routers. Cell counting attacks by varying the number of cells in the target traffic at the malicious exit onion router, the attacker can embed a secret signal into the variation of cell counter of the target traffic. The embedded signal will be carried along with the target traffic and arrive at the malicious entry onion router. Then, an accomplice of the attacker at the malicious entry onion router will detect the embedded signal based on the received cells and confirm the communication relationship among users. Reputation for each Tor onion router are assigned and measured on real-time. One TOR router is competing for the available routing resources, the routing is allocated when the router completely satisfy the router's demands, unless router's reputation is below a certain threshold, set by the system to mark misbehaviour. In this case, competing router does not receive any routing resource, as a punishment for his zero contributions or for accessing the embedded signal through cell counting attack.


This study presents the innovation of the industrial autonomous navigation system. AVG installation consist of several building components; the vehicle, safety system, battery charging system, communication system, navigation system, traffic management system, job control system and other external components. Each of these systems has provided a specific function. Specially navigation system has provided the ability for the vehicle to identify its position. AGVs have to make decisions on path selection. The sensors installed on its on-board computer possessed all the data to calculate the position and orientation of the AGV. Sensors also capable of detecting magnetic markers made of tape of opposite polarity. Every AGV has a mapping system and a copy of the route map stored in its onboard computer. The route map contains routes, obstacles and pick up and drop up points. The encoders mounted on each wheel of AGV able to measure the steering angle and count the number of wheel revolution. Usually magnetic tape used as a path selection technique in AGVs. Here the position is identified using IMU (Inertial measurement unit) module. In here Euler angels were used to find the direction. Conventionally IMU module produces enormous noise and not enough accurate to use in specific applications. But in this study, the noise of IMU module is decreased and the accuracy is increased by the Kalman filter and the algorithm was built by us. The main purpose of this research is to make a more reliable automated industrial vehicle which can use and install easily. The sticking problems and maintaining difficulties are avoided. This modified AGVs have a high degree of flexibility to transfer material to the destined position. They only recharge when there is a gap in their auto planning and their recharge is a dynamic process. AGV provide an accurate and predictable material delivery, handling loads at different heights, complete routines, flexibility, clear aisles and organized workstations (Grid navigation) and its safe for people and loads.


The purpose of this study is to make improvements to previous studies with better accuracy than 80.90%. This study will add a Chi-Square selection feature with a supervised machine learning approach, namely the Naïve Bayes algorithm and SVM, to improve accuracy. The test before using the Chi-Square selection feature on the SVM algorithm got 85.56% results, and the Naïve Bayes algorithm got 85.19% accuracy. After adding the selection feature, the SVM algorithm gets an accuracy of 83.86%, and the Naïve Bayes algorithm gets an accuracy of 87.09%. The Chi-Square feature selection method is an algorithm for selecting features, discarding irrelevant features. There are differences in results when testing. SVM, after using the selection feature, the accuracy decreases, while in Naïve Bayes, the accuracy increases. However, when compared to previous studies, our research has improved the accuracy of both classification algorithms, namely SVM and Naïve Bayes.


We examine the impact of competition on bank earnings persistence by exploiting a natural experiment following interstate banking deregulation that increased bank competition. We find that bank earnings adjustment speed increases after their states implement the deregulation. This relationship is weakened, however, with the increase of bank's abilities to sustain earnings, as reflected in size, diversification, managerial efficiency and safety. We further find that the impact of compeititon on bank earnings adjustment speed is direct but not indirectly through the channel of earnings management.


ABSTRACT Gagola's construction of cyclic extensions of Moufang loops for orders coprime to three is investigated with the goal of describing necessary and sufficient conditions when the construction really gives a Moufang loop. This is achieved both in terms of equations and loop autotopisms. The obtained description is then specialized to Moufang loops that cyclically extend a normal subgroup G, showing the connection to Chein's construction in case when the semiautomorphism characterizing the extension is an antiautomorphism of G. These results are then illustrated upon the case when G is a noncommutative group that possesses a cyclic subgroup of index two and has a small center (i.e.|Z(G)|∈{1,2}).


Abstract Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in \mathbb{R}$ and $s\in \mathbb{N}$ be given. Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{x}$ denote the Dirac measure at $x\in \mathbb{R}$ , and let $\ast$ denote convolution. If $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ is a measure, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}^{\star }$ is the measure that assigns to each Borel set $A$ the value $\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(-A)}$ . If $u\in \mathbb{R}$ , we put $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},u}=e^{iu(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})/2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{0}-e^{iu(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})/2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{u}$ . Then we call a function $g\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$ a generalized $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})$ -difference of order $2s$ if for some $u\in \mathbb{R}$ and $h\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$ we have $g=[\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},u}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},u}^{\star }]^{s}\ast h$ . We denote by ${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$ the vector space of all functions $f$ in $L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$ such that $f$ is a finite sum of generalized $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})$ -differences of order $2s$ . It is shown that every function in ${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$ is a sum of $4s+1$ generalized $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})$ -differences of order $2s$ . Letting $\widehat{f}$ denote the Fourier transform of a function $f\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$ , it is shown that $f\in {\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$ if and only if $\widehat{f}$ "vanishes" near $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ at a rate comparable with $(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})^{2s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})^{2s}$ . In fact, ${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$ is a Hilbert space where the inner product of functions $f$ and $g$ is $\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }(1+(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})^{-2s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})^{-2s})\widehat{f}(x)\overline{\widehat{g}(x)}\,dx$ . Letting $D$ denote differentiation, and letting $I$ denote the identity operator, the operator $(D^{2}-i(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})D-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}I)^{s}$ is bounded with multiplier $(-1)^{s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})^{s}(x-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})^{s}$ , and the Sobolev subspace of $L^{2}(\mathbb{R})$ of order $2s$ can be given a norm equivalent to the usual one so that $(D^{2}-i(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})D-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}I)^{s}$ becomes an isometry onto the Hilbert space ${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$ . So a space ${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD},s}(\mathbb{R})$ may be regarded as a type of Sobolev space having a negative index.


It has been suggested that athletic injuries to the stifle may account for 40% of injuries in certain disciplines. In the authors' experience, the prevalence of stifle injuries in most disciplines is not accurately known. Furthermore, until the past 10 to 15 years, very little attention has been given to athletic injuries in the stifle, in part because of diagnostic limitations and lack of successful treatment options. Limiting definitive diagnosis is the inability to accurately image the soft tissue and bone with high sensitivity and specificity. Although routine radiography can be helpful in certain cases, many lesions, particularly those of soft tissues, go undetected. Ultrasonographic examination of the equine stifle joint has helped broaden diagnosis of stifle lesions. This is especially true of soft-tissue structures, namely the collateral ligaments, patellar ligaments, and menisci. Ultrasound examination of the cruciate ligaments still poses a problem because of the orientation and deep anatomic location of these structures. Moderate to severe pathology appears to be readily detected with the use of ultrasonography, but detection of slight to moderate lesions is difficult. In a recent study, Cohen et al nicely defined the sensitivity (79%) and specificity (56%) of ultrasonography in the equine stifle joint, with surgery used as the gold standard. A positive predictive value (73%) and negative predictive value (62%) were also determined for equine ultrasonography on the basis of this study. These results point out the current limitation of ultrasonography of the equine stifle. Other current methods for diagnostics in the stifle currently require general anesthesia, specifically computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and routine arthroscopy, which remain the gold standards. It is also worth noting that these later diagnostics are typically only available at large referral centers, limiting their availability in a more routine practice setting. Additional methods to safely and quickly assess the stifle in a typical practice setting would be advantageous to aid a more accurate diagnosis of stifle


Abstract
Purpose
This chapter explores policy implications of deliberately targeted interventions aimed at closing the gap between nutrition baseline trends and desirable levels of nutrition intake according to World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations guidelines. Special attention is paid to the implications for those at the bottom of the nutrition achievement range (Bottom Billion).

Methodology/approach
We conduct a forward looking evaluation with a global multimarket model for agriculture within the context of key drivers of change. We observe the effect of interventions on nutrition intake for the most food-insecure regions as transmitted through food prices, changes in country-level food trade, and other market-driven outcomes. We demonstrate the nutrition-enhancing effects that occur when animal-sourced protein consumption, livestock production, and livestock feed demand decrease in developed countries. We also show the effect of a significant growth in agricultural productivity and household incomes.

Findings
Our analysis shows that the most effective intervention boosts household income to facilitate adequate intake of food and key nutrients. Diet changes have notable effects but are harder to implement on a practical level. Enhancing agricultural productivity (especially in regions with historically low yields) is also effective in improving nutrition outcomes.

Practical implications
Short of social protection and direct assistance programs, the ability of policy to effect short-term changes in nutritional status is limited. We highlight the effectiveness of pathways that promote longer-term socioeconomic growth and productivity gains as ways of improving the nutrition and health status of consumers.


Extensive measurements of various aerosol parameters including single scattering albedo (SSA) were made at various locations over the central Indian region during February 2004 to study their impact on the regional aerosol radiative forcing. An overall increase in the measured value of SSA is noticed (0.75 to 0.9) over the period of this campaign, indicating unequal changes in source strength or removal processes of absorbing and scattering types of aerosols. Diurnally averaged value of direct SW radiative forcing for the region is in the range of −15 to −40 W/m2 at the surface, about 15% lower compared to that over the Bay of Bengal region and 22% higher than over the Arabian Sea. TOA forcing is in the range of +0.7 to −11 W/m2, about 50% lower compared to both these regions. This results in a heating rate of nearly 0.8 K/day for the first 2km in the atmosphere.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of Lactulose and L-ornithine-L-aspartate on hepatic encephalopathy. Methods Sixty patients with hepatic encephalopathy were randomly divided into therapy group (n= 30) and control group (n=30). Patients in the control group were treated with routine comprehensive therapy while those in the therapy group received combined lactulose and L-ornithine-L-aspartate .The blood ammonia, AST and TBiL were examined and the efficacy was compared between the two groups before and after the treatment. Results Combined lactulose with L-ornithine-L-aspartate significantly decreased blood ammonia and improved hepatic function in therapy group(P 0.05);Hepatic encephalopathy score was lower than the control group(P0.05); The efficiency of therapy group was 86.7% and control group was 60% respectively(P0.05). Conclusion Combined lactulose with L-ornithine-L-aspartate can significantly increase the treatment to hepatic encephalopathy and has no adverse reaction. Therefore, this therapeutic protocol is one of effective method now.


Objective To discuss the relationship between pathological type and clinical manifestation of renal disease.Methods The clinical materials and relationship between them of 545 cases were analyzed in etiology,age,pathology,sex and manifestation.Results There was common seen of PGD in primary disease and of in LN secondary SGN disease in etiology.The common symptom was asymptomatic hematuria or AUA.The pathology were GD or IgA nephropathy.Conclusion The PGD might be common reason with clinical manifestation of AUA.The pathology might be slight GD and IgA nephropathy.LN was common in SGN in women.


The demand response (DR), search to provide quality service, that allows to reduce significantly the costs and to guarantee the security of the network. Therefore, it is necessary to make an adequate estimate of the load curve, considering that an intelligent measurement system has been implemented to obtain the demand data.
In an Advanced Measurement Infrastructure (AMI), there is the possibility of failures or malicious attacks that may disrupt the exchange of information between the electrical company and end users, causing the loss of data and hasn't complete information of load profiles. In this article presents techniques that allow the reconstruction of the load curve with a minimum amount of data. For this, a comparative analysis is performed between different algorithms that use a matrix mathematical model, based on the compressed sensing theory. In addition, to know which is the best option, a reconstruction error calculation is performed using a percentage of the mean square difference, considering the original signal and the reconstructed signal.


Harms to the audiences caused by over loud sound system in a theatre were pointed out.Some reasons for and solutions to the issue were provided as well.


Objective To optimize the extraction technology of alginic acid in Laminaria japonica Aresch. Methods The influence of the amount of solvent, the extraction time and temperature (3 factors) on the alginic acid content and yield was investigated by orthogonal test L9(34), and carried on to inspect the methodology. Result The optimum extraction condition was A1B1C2, that was adding 30 times solvent (1%Na2CO3), whisk extracting for one hour at 60 ℃. Conclusion The temperature is the most important factor. The content of alginic acid decrease obviously at above 60 ℃. The optimum extraction technology is reasonable.


Tutorial system in undergraduate education is an educational management mode of keeping up with the new trend,which plays a promoting role for cultivating all-round developing innovative talents with high quality and improving the quality of personnel training.This article briefly introduces the origin and background of the tutorial system and presents some suggestions on solving the problems existing in the process of implementation.


Public Lecture, discussing the law and political farce over MP Disqualifications cases in the Australian Parliament (with a focus on citizenship disqualification and reform)


A polarographic study of the chloro-complexes of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) was made with the dropping mercury electrode in a fused LiNO)--KNO/sub 3/ mixture at 180 deg C. Respectively, 3, 4, and 2 chloro-complexes were found for these ions yielding these formation constants: Pb(II), K/sub 1/ = 42, K/sub 2/ = 3; Cd(II), K/sub 1/ = 200, K/sub 2/ = 15, K/sub 3/ = 40, K/sub 4/ = 5; Ni(II), K/ sub 1/ = 26, K/sub 2/ = 2, K/sub 3/ = 10. The results are compared with other available data. (auth)


This study is constructed to investigate the sloshing effect on the motions of a two-dimensional rectangular floater experimentally. There are two main categories. First, only roll motion is permitted and the other motions are firmly resticted. Secon,d sway and roll motions are are just allowed simultaneously with heave motion prevented. Sway motion is occurred along the flurre"s upper rail, while roll motion is performed at the center bearing of the model. Experiments are performed in the 2D flume at Seoul Nat"l University. The filling ratios are changed from empty to 50% and for the second experimental case, the ballast conditions are varied to quantify the rail friction effect. All tests are carried out under regular wave conditions. The motions measured by a non-contact camera, which can trace two different marks on the model accurately. The steady-state sway and roll motions are filtered out by post-processing. The spring system is installed to prevent the model drift off. For the first case, it is found that as the filling ratio is increased, the roll natural frequency becomes lower. And the sloshing effect is doserved at the vicinity of roll natural frequency and sloshing natural one, but the amount is not that much significant as the sway motion. For the second case, sway motion is dominant and roll motion is almost diminished except for cases near the sloshing natural frequency. Between 4.0~7.0rad/s, which is the interval between roll natural frequency and sloshing natural one, it is found that coupling of two motions leads the roll motion"s phese shift and finally internal fluid tank acts as ART(Anti-Rolling Tank) precisely.


ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON'S novella The Ebb-Tide (1894) presents perhaps the most intensively elaborated and intensely anxious treatment of masculine identity and relations between men in an oeuvre enduringly preoccupied with these interimplicated issues. In its representations of fractured masculine subjectivities and a homosociality fraught with compounded aggressive and libidinal impulses, Stevenson's work may be located within a wide range of fictions that dramatize the late nineteenth-century "crisis" within masculinity.1 More specifically, in The Ebb-Tide, which is set in the colonized Pacific, an account of the instabilities of conventional masculinity overlaps with an account of the instabilities of the imperialist project. In this essay, I suggest The Ebb-Tide's representation of masculine crisis might be understood as a manifestation of what Christopher Lane has named "colonial jouissance." In his wide-ranging study of British colonialist literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Lane points to the frequent invocation of forces, located both outside and within the imperialist masculine subject, which simultaneously drive and threaten to dissipate the "labor and power" essential to the imperialist project: "an unremitting dread of external defiance and internal unmaking propelled Britain's drive for global mastery," Lane contends.2 The experience of cultural and environmental alterity made dangerously evident the fragility of a masculine subjectivity more readily naturalized at home, so that the colonial subject "was obliged... to compete with a correponding impulse to self-dispossession whenever he bid for a country's possession."3 In The Ebb-Tide, I suggest, the Pacific setting enables extreme modes of "internal unmaking." The threat of self-dissolution that always shadowed the "aggressive self-mastery"


Facing the problem that today's packing design graduates are hard to be situated in the market and analyzing the market itself, we should strengthen practice course and reform the way of teaching for practice course. Hopefully, we can raise their level of art and special skills with the above being done. We require students to go out of school and to go to the society. We hope they can do it themselves, and realize and experience the process of packing design.


From 1976 to 2003, 60% of sugarcane harvests in the north of Villa Clara in Cuba have been affected by heavy rainfalls, averaging 215 mm. Many interruptions to the harvesting operation have been caused by infield transport not being able to traverse the soft vertisol soils that prevail in this area. The Brixius model was used to predict the tractive performance of a New Holland 110-90 tractor with a cone index (CI) of less than 700 kPa. The main ratios and forces that characterize traction dynamics (motion resistance, net traction, motion resistance ratio, gross traction ratio, net traction ratio and tractive efficiency) were obtained as a function of soil strength and dynamic wheel load. The results showed that the RA-6 trailer can only be pulled with a CI higher than 400 kPa, working on 22% wheel travel reduction (wheel slip).


One of the most important generalized inverses is the Drazin inverse, which is defined for square matrices having an index. The objective of this work is to investigate and present a computational tool in the form of an iterative method for computing this task. This scheme reaches the seventh rate of convergence as long as a suitable initial matrix is chosen and by employing only five matrix products per cycle. After some analytical discussions, several tests are provided to show the efficiency of the presented formulation.


Abstract The paper gives a discussion on the kinetics of crystal growth during devitrification of amorphous alloys. Two examples of kinetic analysis of crystallization are reported: (a) a complete Johnson-Mehl-Avrami treatment of isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) peaks combined with microscopy observations provide a full set of kinetic parameters for AI91Nd9; (b) a mechanism for the formation of nanocrystals in Fe74Nb3Cu1Si13, B9 is advanced on the basis of X-ray diffraction measurements of the lattice parameter and isothermal DSC traces. A collection of the Arrhenius parameters for the rate of growth of crystals from amorphous alloys is presented and a correlation between them is shown The correlation is of the same type of that earlier found for tracer diffusion and suggests a cooperative mechanism for atomic movements leading to the growth of crystals.


The cultivation of inner hearing is one of the important components of music skills learning and mastery. Nowadays, music teachers begin to pay attention to students' inner hearing, but the current lack of effective training methods are available for teaching in China. Although there are many teaching methods to study inner hearing theories at home and abroad, none is based on low-grade music classes in primary school. In terms of physical development rules, the earlier the music needs to be learned, the better. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a set of feasible teaching methods suitable for junior primary school students (6-8 years old) to cultivate music inner hearing, and to provide a feasible training method for improving the inner hearing of the lower grade of primary schools in China.


In the low-Mach-number supersonic boundary layers, the oblique-breakdown regime may be the most efficient route to trigger the laminar-turbulent transition, because the most unstable Mack first mode always appears as an oblique wave. In this paper, we revisit this issue by use of the nonlinear parabolized stability equation (NPSE) approach, and particularly focus on the extra amplification of the streak mode generated by the direct interaction of the introduced oblique modes. This mechanism is then well explained based on the weakly nonlinear analysis, and its predictions on the evolution of the streak mode and the two-dimensional traveling-wave mode are quantitatively confirmed by the NPSE calculations. Additionally, the important role of the streak mode, leading to the secondary instability, on triggering the transition onset is identified.


In this article, the EC electrode is mainly consists of AC (97%) and graphene (3%) was added to enhance the electrode's conductivity. Graphene not only has unique physical and chemical properties but also provides a great opportunity to understand the fundamental chemical and physical processes involved in the complex systems [Candelaria, 2012]. The electrode fabrication starts with the slurry preparation. The material is weighing by using weight balance to produce a 20 g electrode. The materials used are AC, graphene, KS6, binder, and 60 g NMP. The viscosity of the slurry needed is ca. 10,000 MPa.s with 50% solid content. The mixing process is repeated if the viscosity does not achieve the general standard. 1M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was used as electrolyte, and the CV and charge-discharge measurements were conducted in 0.0 – 1.0 V potential range by using Basic DC Voltammetry System.


Individualization is an important feature of modern society. The gap between modernity and traditional society,caused by industrial society,has caused not only individuals'stronger and stronger desires to live for their own sake,but also the society with risks.On the one hand,individualization makes individuals the subjects with symetric rights and duties;on the other hand, individualization imposes the risk on individuals to take responsibilities.To deal with individualization's influence on our life style,we should,based on the individualism,stimulate citizens' right and form a citizen-governed society.


An analysis of the variance of wages within and between industries, finding that wage differences are virtually stationary over time and are related to establishment size.


Late Pleistocene-Holocene vertebrates found in the Arroyo Naposta Grande Banks, Buenos Aires province, are studied. The late Pleistocene fauna from the Middle Member of Agua


Computer analysis and simulation-based design optimisation requires more computationally efficient global optimisation tools. In this work, a new global optimisation algorithm based on design experiments, region elimination and response surface modelling, namely, the Approximated Unimodal Region Elimination (AUMRE) method, is introduced. The approach divides the field of interest into several unimodal regions using design experiment data, identifies and ranks the regions that most likely contain the global minimum, forms a response surface model using additional design experiment data over the most promising region, identifies its minimum, removes this processed region and moves to the next most promising region. By avoiding redundant searches, the approach identifies the global optimum with a reduced number of objective function evaluations and computation effort. The new algorithm was tested using a variety of benchmark global optimisation problems and compared with several widely used global optimisation algorithms. The results present a comparable search accuracy and superior computation efficiency, making the new algorithm an ideal tool for computer analysis and simulation-based global design optimisation.


The triple identification of fragments of the text, with the origin of the lessons identified from Justin, with Quinta hexaplaire and with the likely common origin of the Hebraisms, washingtonensis codices and ancient Coptic versions, reflects the high diffusion of the anonymous Palestinian recension. A literature review of "Theodotion" is cited for the book of the Minor Prophets. We emerged as the most famous among the "didas-blocks", Jews who outlined the work of Aquila. A question arises when Aquila started the review of the book of the Minor Prophets, which of the two Palestinian recensions he took as a basis: the one that hexaples attribute has Theodotion or the anonymous literature review? This chapter concludes that Jerome assigns identical lessons, five times, to Aquila and Quinta and between them. The original text of the chapter is in French.Keywords: Aquila; Coptic versions; Jerome; Justin; Minor Prophets; Quinta; Theodotion


The article deals with possible ways of using information technologies in teaching future teachers of foreign language and foreign literature. It is established that the primary task of the organizer of the educational process is to build an educational process with a view to facilitating the development of the competences necessary for the future teachers of foreign language and foreign literature. The latest information technologies are analysed and the effective ways of their use are suggested. It was found out that information technologies actively contribute to the unique function of preparing the future specialist for the quality realization of educational services in the information and digital space. It is researched that the functional approach to the analysis of IT in the context of the educational process outlines the specific scientific basis of the proposed scientific search, which allows to organically combine the postulates of media-oriented education with cognitive and communicative principles in the study of the ways of using IT in teaching teachers of foreign language and foreign literature. According to the guidelines of this approach, the functional purpose of IT influences the processes of formation of the form and value of the obtained knowledge. An important element in describing the use of IT is the principle of consistency. It is confirmed that the general competences of future teachers of foreign language and foreign literature are represented by both subject and general competencies, where IT competence is ranked as one of the top priorities. It implies the teacher's ability to use information technology in the course of his/her professional activities effectively and appropriately. Information technology competence, in turn, is divided into three main competences, which correspond to the separate activities of teachers of foreign language and foreign literature: general, diagnostic and subject-oriented. Examples of tasks aimed at forming different types of competences in future teachers of foreign language and foreign literature with IT involvement are given. It is proved that the use of information technologies in the process of realization of educational and professional training of future teachers of foreign language and foreign literature contributes to a more effective fulfilment of the basic curriculum assignments, in-depth study of the content of the studied discipline, optimization of self-education and self-development of the level of future specialists, an individual way of perceiving information and working with it.


Knowledge-based product development(KBPD)?must?depend on IP3D to reusc enterprise knowledge effciently.Therefore it is esseatial that knowledge be captured and maintained in a persistent manner.IP3D is an environment that integrates product development,process design and procotols making.In this paper,how to create an IP3D environment on Web is reviewed and then some developing tools are introduced--the eXtensible MarkupLanguage(XML) and Key Characteristics(KCs).


New biologic: Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (human) for injection (Glassia) was approved for the treatment of chronic augmentation and maintenance therapy in adults with emphysema due to congenital deficiency of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor.


Non-epileptic seizures (NES) are events resembling epileptic attacks, but lacking their characteristic clinical and electrographic features. They can be subdivided in psychogenic NES and physiologic non-epileptic seizures. Physiologic NES reportedly occur in 12-36% of patients with presumed epilepsy. The distinction between physiologic NES and epilepsy is important because patients misdiagnosed are often excessively investigated, inappropriately treated and have unnecessary restrictions. Additionally, once a diagnosis of epilepsy is given it is not easily removed. In differentiating between epilepsy and physiologic NES, the history is the most useful tool. Unfortunately, there is no particular constellation of clinical signs and symptoms with a good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis. Improper interpretation of an EEG, mainly because of the overinterpretation of benign EEG patterns, is one of the cardinal errors inducing a misdiagnosis. EEG video-telemetry has as yet no reliable equivalent for the differential diagnosis.


Regularly observed seiches from tide gauge records around the Sri Lanka coast have been analysed to determine the forcing mechanisms. The seiche periods range from a few tens of minutes to 2 hr. Fortnightly and seasonal variations of seiche amplitudes are clearly visible on the east coast. These seiche amplitudes are particularly large approximately 6-8 days after spring tides, with maximum seiche amplitudes observed during March-April and October-November, suggesting that the seiche variation could be related to stratification and internal wave activity. There is no visible fortnightly and seasonal variation of seiche amplitudes in west coast records. Instead, they show a daily pattern with relatively larger seiches around 10:00 hrs local time, suggesting that the seiches on the west coast could result from diurnal atmospheric forcing.

Barotropic and 2-layer models have been developed to investigate the influence of atmospheric forcing and internal wave activity on the seiches. A barotropic model applied to the west coast shows that the daily seiche amplitude variation could be simulated with cyclic diurnal meteorological forcing. Two-layer model runs for Trincomalee Bay and the adjacent east coast shelf suggest that seiche amplitudes are proportional to vertical stratification and mixed layer depths. Therefore, the observed seiches there could be excited by internal waves which originate as far away as the Andaman Sea during spring tides and have a travel time of 6-8 days to the Sri Lankan east coast. However, further studies, including direct measurements of internal wave activity within the region are required to confirm this hypothesis.


In this paper, we develop a model for supply chain network design in the case of multiple products, with particular relevance to humanitarian healthcare. The model allows for the determination of the optimal capacities of supply chain network activities in the form of manufacturing, storage, and distribution, as well as the optimal multiple product flows, and identifies at what minimal total cost the demands for the products at the various points are achievable. The model may be utilized for the determination of the optimal allocation of resources for multiple vaccine and medicine production, storage, and distribution to points of need in the case of disasters, epidemics, or pandemics. The model is sufficiently general to handle supply chain network design, as well as redesign, and can be used by organizations to quantify the humanitarian healthcare supply chain costs in a transparent way to stakeholders, including governments and funding agencies.


The notion of (∈,∈ ∨q)-interval-valued fuzzy prime ideals in commutative BCK-algebras is introduced. Some characterization theorems in (∈,∈ ∨q)-interval-valued fuzzy prime ideals in commutative BCK-algebras are derived. Also we study relation between (∈,∈ ∨q)-interval-valued fuzzy prime ideal and (∈ ∨q)-interval-valued fuzzy level prime ideals. Characterization of interval-valued fuzzy set to be an (∈,∈ ∨q)-interval-valued fuzzy prime ideals are provided.


Participants All primigravidae delivering between 1976 and 2010 in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital (UK) Events Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) of unknown origin Comparison No antepartum haemorrhage Outcomes Preeclampsia, induced labour, mode of delivery, preterm delivery, postpartum haemorrhage, admission to neonatal unit, perinatal death Study design Cohort study (retrospective data extraction using a prospectively collected database)


We present a novel time-domain method for the detection of faulty bearings that has direct applicability to monitoring the health of the turbo pumps on the Space Shuttle Main Engine. A feed-forward neural network was trained to detect modelled roller bearing faults on the basis of the periodicity of impact pulse trains. The network's performance was dependent upon the number of pulses in the network's input window and the signal-to-noise ratio of the input signal. To test the model's validity, we fit the model's parameters to an actual vibration signal generated by a faulty roller element bearing and applied the network trained on this model to detect faults in actual vibration data. When this network was tested on the actual vibration data, it correctly identified the vibration signal as a fault condition 76 percent of the time.


In this introductory chapter, the editors of the present volume provide readers with the background necessary to understand the chapters that follow. They first acquaint readers with the concept of leadership and why leadership is necessary. Then, the editors briefly trace the history of leadership research and examine its major schools, most of which are reviewed in this book. Their historical overview is also necessary as an organizing framework because chapter authors frequently refer to elements of the history of leadership research. Next, the editors discuss emerging issues in leadership research and how findings are being consolidated. Finally, they provide an overview of the book and a summary of each chapter.


This article presents the successful consolidation of the mixed Co and Diamond powders for a drilling segment by the combined application of magnetic pulsed compaction (MPC) and subsequent sintering, and their properties were analyzed. Homogeneous hardness (Hv 220) and density (97%) of sintered bulks fabricated by MPC were obtained by the new technique, where higher pressure has been employed for short period of time than that of general process. A fine microstructure and homogeneous hardness in the consolidated bulk were observed without cracks. Relatively higher drilling speed of 9.61 cm/min and life time of 6.55 m were found to the MPCed specimens, whereas the value of the specimens fabricated by general process was 11.71 cm/min and 7.96 m, respectively. A substantial improvement of mechanical properties of segment was achieved through this study.


Absorption and emission spectra of eight naphtholazobenzene derivatives are investigated.Absorption processes of n→π~* and π→π~* transition and emission processes from the excitedstates are studied separately in each compound. Intra- and inter-molecular energy transfersfrom the excited states of different chromophores are discussed. Effects of the molecularstructure and the pH value of the solution on the electronic spectra are discussed also. On thebasis of quantum chemistry theory, the spectral data are analyzed qualitatively.


A method of forming lactose suitable for use in a pharmaceutical formulation, said method comprising: providing a plurality of lactose particles unmilled containing not more than 10% w / w of lactose particles having an average particle size in volume of 70 microns or less, wherein said step 5 of providing a plurality of lactose particles containing no more than 10% w / w of lactose particles having an average particle size by volume of 70 microns or less comprises obtaining said plurality of lactose particles by classifying a source of lactose into two fractions comprising a fine fraction and said plurality of lactose particles containing no more than 10% w / w of lactose particles having an average size particle volume of 70 microns or less; milling the plurality of lactose particles to yield a plurality of milled lactose particles with an average particle size (D50), ranging from 50 microns to 100 microns; and classifying said plurality of lactose particles ground into at least two fractions comprising a fine fraction and a coarse fraction wherein the fine fraction has an average particle size (D50) ranging from 3 micrometers to 50 micrometers, and the coarse fraction has an average particle size (D50), ranging from 40 microns to 250 microns; combining at least a part of the coarse fraction with at least part of the fine fraction to form a lactose composition; and combining the lactose composition with at least one medicament to form a pharmaceutical formulation.


Homeownership, the cornerstone of the American Dream, has become the American Nightmare for many: mortgage-holders watching their home values plummet, applicants facing tough qualifying standards, and bankers who would like to lend but are struggling under regulatory constraint. The National Association of Realtors reported that contracts for pending sales on existing homes plunged 30% in May. While that likely was caused by the expiration of a tax credit for first-time buyers, the fact that the sales rate dropped more than twice what economists predicted suggests other factors are in play. Certainly, high unemployment and a shaky economy reduce the number of mortgage applicants. But even areas with the most stable housing markets report problems making loans. Money available, but only for a few Oklahoma has the lowest percentage of homeowners with negative equity--only 5.9%, compared to the national average of 23.7% according to a recent survey by California-based CoreLogic. Yet Brad Swickey, president and CEO of Valliance Bank in Oklahoma City, says the state's steady mortgage market doesn't immunize them from problems because banks are subject to the national underwriting standards of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. What drives housing values is the availability of financing," Swickey says, and financing is increasingly hard to obtain. "Everyone hears the mortgage rates quoted as being at historic lows, but those rates are offered only to individuals with a middle credit score of about 740." Consequently, the moderate-income family with a score around 650 often is priced out of the market, frustrating them as well as their bankers. "I'm not saying mortgage money isn't available; it is,'" says Swickey. "But it's not freely available for people with good, solid jobs and good, solid credit scores who are finding it more difficult to qualify than they would have two years ago." Exacerbating the problem is examiners' demands that banks have more capital on hand. For a $200 million-asset bank such as Valliance, that means reducing the number of assets on its balance sheet. I would love to make loans," says Swickey, "but examiners want more capital. So I have to buy government or agency securities at 2-3% when I'd rather make loans at 6-7%." Big hit from new rule In another small community, Placerville, Calif., E1 Dorado Savings Bank FSB faces a similar situation. The bank has very few delinquent loans and foreclosures because, as a portfolio lender, it underwrites conservatively, explains Thomas Meuser, chairman and CEO of the $1.7 billion-asset bank. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The local mortgage market saw an uptick earlier this year as people applied for mortgages before the tax credit expired, but activity has slowed significantly since then and more trouble may be coming. "There's a real concern that banks have held back on foreclosures, and those will be coming online the second half of this year," says Meuser. "So we will have a difficult year at the end of this year and into 2011." But like Swickey, he sees new regulation as the long-term danger. "The new rule [contained in the Dodd-Frank regulatory reform act] that we have to verify that people can make payment is going to be a real hit to the housing market because we make a lot of loans--and have for our 50-year history--[on the basis] that a person is a good risk," says Meuser. "On paper, maybe they don't look that good, don't have good qualifying ratios, but we make the loan anyway." Such applicants usually are longstanding customers with good credit scores who may be self-employed or do the sort of work where a consistent income is difficult to verify. "We know they can pay," he says, "but we aren't going to take a chance on them going forward because of potential liability." The new rules also will force E1 Dorado Savings to make fewer of the CRA loans that earned it an outstanding rating in the past. …


The work is devoted to the modification of H-ZSM-5 samples with sodium hydroxide and oxalic acid to provide the formation of the mesoporous structure of the zeolite and to obtain optimal Si/Al ratio. Moreover, zeolite active sites were modified with Co, Ni, Fe in order to decrease polyaromatic substances formation during methanol transformation into hydrocarbons. The testing of the samples was performed at 350 oC in a flow reactor, the methanol feed rate was maintained at 0.16 g(methanol)/(g(Cat)*h). Dimethyl ether transformation rate into hydrocarbons was found to be 0.055-0.1 kg(DME)/(kg(Cat)*h) for investigated catalysts. Alkali treatment of H-ZSM-5 samples results in the formation of a mesoporous structure with a mean pore diameter of 5 nm. Formation of additional mesopores results in some increase of dimethyl ether to hydrocarbons transformation rate up to 0.09 kg(DME)/(kg(Cat)*h). Zeolite treatment with oxalic acid results in decreasing of Si/Al ratio from 0.76 to 0.41 that case some decrease of dimethyl ether transformation rate from 0.07 kg(DME)/(kg(Cat)*h) to 0.05 kg(DME)/(kg(Cat)*h), however considerable decrease of polyaromatic hydrocarbons concentration in reaction media was achieved for sample with lowest Si/Al ratio. Modification of H-ZSM-5 with Co, Fe, Ni results in some increase of dimethyl ether transformation rate up to 0.07-0.1 kg(DME)/(kg(Cat)*h) and a considerable decrease of polyaromatic hydrocarbons concentration in reaction media due to active sites modification.The ZSM-5-Ni-0.001M sample showed highest activity 0.1 kg(DME)/(kg(Cat)*h).


The Chinese medicine theory considered that the relationship between viscera and bowels was actually the one between yin and yang,exterior and interior and they were related each other in structure and function in some extent. This theory had an important guiding significance in the clinical practice of Chinese medicine. Through the observation and analysis of the ultrasonic image of gallbladder,this article studied clinically the theory of the liver sharing an interior-exterior relationship with gallbladder.


A study of the organization of the bilingual's mental lexicon is reported. First, three major hypotheses are examined: (1) Shared Semantic Store or interdependence hypothesis, suggesting a single conceptual memory system; (2) Separate Semantic Store hypothesis, that words and meanings are stored separately; and (3) Shared-&-Separate Semantic Store hypothesis, which posits two separate lexicons linked by a common semantic concontual representation. Other factors influencing organization of information are also considered, including degree of difference between the two languages, degree of language dominance, and the demands imposed by linguistic tasks. An experiment with bilinguals is then described, involving a lexical decision task with repetition priming. Subjects were 45 native Spanish speakers with intermediate to advanced knowledge of English. Four independent variables were considered: task language (Spanish or English); second language proficiency (low-intermediate and advanced); degree of cognates (same and different); and repetition (repetition within languages, repetition between languages, no repetition). Results indicate the subjects had different reaction times depending on language used, proficiency, and repetition condition when considered separately; there was no interaction of variables found. It is concluded that current theories about the organization of bilingual lexicon are oversimplified, and further research is needed. Contains 48 references. (MSE) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** LEXICAL PROCESSING IN UNEVEN BILINGUALS: A N EXPLORATION OF RM A SPANISHENGLISH ACTIVATION OF FOND MEANING ..) ON ..,0 Carmen Santos Maldonado (DAL) C) W U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ), Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) pThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. BEST COPY AVAI EILE 2 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HA N GRANTED BY 7 OA* AMA ra TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." LEXICAL PROCESSING IN UNEVEN BILINGUALS: AN EXPLORATION OF SPANISH-ENGLISH ACTIVATION OF FORM AND MEANING Carmen Santos Maldonado (DAL) Abstract This article looks at the organisation of the bilingual mental lexicon. The first half briefly reviews relevant literature in bilingual research in relation to whether semantic information is language-specific or language-independent. Three major hypotheses are examined: the Shared Semantic Store, the Separate Semantic Store and the Shared-&-Separate Semantic Store. Other factors having an influence on the organisation of the bilingual lexicon are the degree of topological difference between two languages, the degree of dominance of one language over another and the demands imposed by the experimental tasks. In the second part, I report on a lexical decision experiment with repetition priming carried out with Spanish-English bilinguals. Four independent variables were looked at: language (Spanish and English), L2 proficiency (low intermediate and advanced), degree of cognates (same and different) and repetition (repetition within languages, repetition between languages, and no repetition). Significant differences in reaction times were observed for all variables except cognates. Results are discussed in the context of recent studies. A line of research is proposed to examine activation of bilingual lexical items as a function of forrn and meaning combined.This article looks at the organisation of the bilingual mental lexicon. The first half briefly reviews relevant literature in bilingual research in relation to whether semantic information is language-specific or language-independent. Three major hypotheses are examined: the Shared Semantic Store, the Separate Semantic Store and the Shared-&-Separate Semantic Store. Other factors having an influence on the organisation of the bilingual lexicon are the degree of topological difference between two languages, the degree of dominance of one language over another and the demands imposed by the experimental tasks. In the second part, I report on a lexical decision experiment with repetition priming carried out with Spanish-English bilinguals. Four independent variables were looked at: language (Spanish and English), L2 proficiency (low intermediate and advanced), degree of cognates (same and different) and repetition (repetition within languages, repetition between languages, and no repetition). Significant differences in reaction times were observed for all variables except cognates. Results are discussed in the context of recent studies. A line of research is proposed to examine activation of bilingual lexical items as a function of forrn and meaning combined.


The structure of hexaaquocobalt(II)-hexafluorosilicate(IV) has been determined by the heavy atom method. The compound crystallizes in the space group , with three molecules in the hexagonal unit ce...


The NRL instrument aboard the HEAO 1 satellite has detected a faint X-ray source, which has been identified tentatively with the contact binary star (W UMa variable) VW Cephei. Its luminosity is between 3 x 10/sup 30/ and 4 x 10/sup 31/ ergs s/sup -1/ (0.1--10 keV), and the results suggest some variation of the X-ray flux with phase.


The consumption of single use and disposable packaging has led to significant amounts of waste. A large share of food and beverage packaging products are multi-layered aseptic cardboard packages laminated with aluminium and principally with the Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastic material. This multilayer design makes them poorly recyclable and causes that aluminium and LDPE layers are often incinerated after the recycling process of paper. Incineration leads to a significant loss of the material's value and causes substantial emissions of carbon dioxide. In Sweden, the LDPE layers contained in Tetra Pak's carton packaging are incinerated and recovered into energy, creating an important gap in the circularity of the material flow in the value chain. A company interested in using recycled LDPE from post-consumer packaging is PolyPlank AB, manufacturing bio-plastic and wood fiber composite for construction and packaging products. The Tetra Pak and PolyPlank case study of this paper addresses this circularity gap and intends to find solutions by identifying the main actors of the LDPE value chain, examining their main barriers and drivers for bridging the circularity gap of LDPE material and evaluating the existing possibilities to reuse the LDPE waste by performing a simplified Material Flow Analysis. The research employs a literature review and semi-structured interviews with company representatives in the LDPE value chain. Despite many challenging barriers in closing the loop, the findings show that there are possibilities to reuse the rejected LDPE and mixed materials from paper mills into PolyPlank production's processes. This paper is of relevance to food and beverage packaging manufacturers, recyclers, as well as any industries reusing or planning to reuse recycled LDPE.


Biomedical imaging has played an important role in identifying and monitoring the effectiveness of the current state of the art treatments for many diseases. The authors recently proposed a novel single-transmitter-multiple-receiver holographic microwave imaging (HMI) technique for imaging small inclusion embedded in a dielectric object which has potential application in medical diagnostics. HMI image quality depends highly on the antenna baseline difference, in order words, the antenna array configuration. Different antenna arrays produce different quality of dielectric images by using HMI imaging algorithm. This paper investigates the antenna array configurations effect on image quality by using HMI imaging approach. Three configurations including spiral, random and regularly spaced arrays are presented. Both simulated and experimental results are obtained and compared to fully demonstrate the effectiveness of antenna arrays to the HMI technique. The results show that the proposed spiral and random array configurations have an ability to produce high-resolution images at significantly lower costs than regularly spaced arrays.


Prior to the nineteenth century, the book of kings, or dynastic history, was the dominant mode of historiography in Europe and the Americas. This article explores the as-if or in-theory dimension of colonial dynastic history by way of a reading of Pedro de Peralta Barnuevo's early-eighteenth-century histories of Spain and Peru. Peralta's histories have been read as sycophantic, premodern texts that not only do not live up to the modern standards of historiography but moreover are in bad taste, that is, rhetorically prone to the excesses of Lima's colonial court culture. In contrast, I argue that Peralta's poetics of history reveal the subtle and ingenious rhetorical means by which history came to occupy, via imitating the figure of the prince, a sovereign and prognostic position of critique as the prince's simulacrum, that is, as a copy that has no original other than itself. In the case of Peralta's histories, this position of critique was colonial and postcolonial.


Abstract. WATIN is a FORTRAN 77 program for creating and modifying input files of analytical data for WATEQF, the aqueous geochemical speciation/saturation model. WATIN uses menus to display information about the data file and to accept new information from the user. In addition to providing basic editing functions, WATIN provides default values for WATEQF parameters and checks for errors and inconsistencies in the data file. WATIN simplifies and streamlines access to WATEQF for both researchers and students, and along with WATEQF, can be an important part of a geochemical data analysis system.


Wild knots, a class of knots which cannot be represented by polygonal paths in 3-dimensional space, are investigated as an embellishment to the Celtic style of ornamental knotwork. Wild knotwork designs are compared to fractal knotwork designs and the traditional technique of N-interlacement. It is shown that all three styles may co-exist in one design. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


major axis of an elliptical specimen in 2–3-mm blocks, each of which is assessed in one 5-micron section. Excisions are shaped as elliptical cylinders rather than cubes, with tumour at the centre of the specimen. The approximate percentage of margin about which useful information is inferred can be calculated when the distance between clear planes perpendicular to the major axis, and the length, width and height of the specimen are known, and can be >99%. Detail about the methodology with example calculations can be found online. Although it is possible for a KC to be clear in a plane and then re-emerge later, three-dimensional reproductions and real-world experience indicate that this is uncommon 6 In fact, microscopic evaluation of the tips of an ellipse is useful only for a possible incidental finding of another cutaneous malignancy arising at the edge of a given specimen. If an excisional specimen reveals an unexpectedly aggressive histological pattern that differs from the initial biopsy, additional sections can be requested in areas where tumour extends close to the margins. In fact, the distance of residual tumour to the inked surgical margin is sometimes reported rather than pronouncing the margins 'clear'. Thus, bread loaf sectioning is associated with confident margin analysis by proxy in many situations. Because of their training in dermatopathology, dermatologists are uniquely positioned to decide the most cost-effective approach for a particular tumour. Clinicians should not be dissuaded from choosing an elliptical excision because of the oftrepeated but potentially misleading statement: '< 1% of margin is examined'. Bread loaf sections are commonly used because they are an effective and practical technique for evaluating margins. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at medRxiv at https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.25. 22276453. Figure 1 Excepting tumours with an invasive growth pattern, a keratinocyte carcinoma (red ball) is envisioned inside an elliptical excisional specimen. The surface of the skin (green ellipse) is not part of the margin that needs to be analysed. The lateral and deep margins of the specimen (blue regions of the cylinder) must be analysed. The orange cube represents a hypothetical volume that houses the keratinocyte carcinoma. The two opaque faces of the orange cube that are perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipse represent sections obtained by bread loafing, distal to which we can infer that the margin is clear by proxy. Thus, two of five (40%) margin faces can be found to be clear in an elliptical specimen using this simple thought experiment. Melissa M. Warne iD , Matthew M. Klawonn and Robert T. Brodell Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA; Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; and G.V. Sonny Montgomery Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Thermophoresis effect on MHD mass transfer flow past a vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium in a Slip Flow Regime with Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction is investigated. The analytical solutions of momentum, energy and concentration equations are obtained by Perturbation technique. The velocity, temperature and concentration profile is computed. The dimensionless Skin friction co-efficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also estimated. The effects of few physical parameters Prandtl number Pr, Grashof number for heat transfer Gr, Grashof number for mass transfer Gm, Suction parameter S and radiative parameter R on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are analyzed through graphs.


Noise is one of the basic characteristics of optical amplifiers. Whereas there are various noise sources, the intrinsic one is quantum noise that originates from Heisenberg ' s uncertainty principle. This chapter describes quantum noise in optical amplifiers, including population- inversion – based amplifiers such as an Erbium-doped fiber amplifier and a semiconductor optical amplifier, and optical parametric amplifiers. A full quantum mechanical treatment is developed based on Heisenberg equation of motion for quantum mechanical operators. The results provide the quantum mechanical basis for a classical picture of amplifier noise widely used in the optical communication field.


Antenna system for land vehicle communications aimed at ETS-VIII applications was proposed. The proposed antenna system consists of an array antenna loaded with switching circuit onto which controlled by a developed program after receiving data input from gyro sensor of GPS unit. As a result, for an elevation angle El=48deg, three beams are electronically created in the azimuth direction with a minimum gain more than 5 dBic and an axial ratio less than 3 dB. In addition, the antenna beam could be automatically switched with good results.


Objective To investigate the expressions of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and Octamer transcription factor-4 (OCT-4) in cryptorchid testes.Methods This study recruits 50 specimens from 48 children with cryptorchidism with a mean age of 3 years (range, 0.5-13.1 years).The specimens were collected by testicular biopsy during orchidopexy.Of the 48 patients, 43 had unilateral and 5 with bilateral cryptorchidism.The expressions of NCAM and (OCT-4 in seminiferous tubule or Leydig cells were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.Results The pathological expression, which was characterized by NCAM was positive in seminiferous tubule and Leydig cells, was 58%(29/50).Positive NCAM pathological expression in seminiferous tubule was 30% (15/50) with no relationship to the testicular locations or patients' age.Negative NCAM pathological expression in Leydig cells was 32% (16/50) with no relationship to the testicular locations.However, NCAM pathological expression in Leydig cells significantly increased with age (P 0.05).Conclusions The pathological expressions of NCAM and OCT-4 in cryptorchid testes indicate the migration and differentiation of gonocytes may be affected or delayed.NCAM and OCT-4 can be used as new diagnostic predictors for the infertility potential and carcinogenesis in cryptorchidism.

Key words:
Cryptorchidism;  Neural cell adhesion molecule;  Octamer transcription factor-4;  Infertility


The succeed of deep learning recently leads to the emergence of many deep-learning-specialized accelerators that are designed as a distributed system with shared hierarchical memory. On the software side, compilers must take into account this complexity and ensure that the generated assembly program is correct. In this paper, we tackle the problem of verifying memory accesses or data transfers in an assembly program generated by our deep learning compiler, and report some preliminary results. Given an assembly program generated by the compiler from a source program, and a correct assembly simulator, we first run the simulator to simulate the execution of the assembly program in order to generate a sequence of data transfers. We then verify the sequence of data transfers against a correct sequence that is generated directly from the source program. We propose a novel data structure, called address tensor, that can capture both information of input data from the source program and addresses in the assembly program. Address tensors are very convenient to correctly generate a sequence of data transfers from the source program.They are also flexible enough to adapt to new data transfer strategies in the compiler. Our verification has been using during the development of the compiler, which helps us quickly find bugs and validate generated assembly programs.


The present study evaluated the effects of feed supplementation with olive oil by-products on the microbial quality of rabbit meat. Thirty-three New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to three experimental grower–finisher diets. Each dietary group consisted of three experimental treatments: (1) a basal control diet (C), (2) a C diet supplemented with a low dosage of polyphenol (150 mg/kg, L), and (3) a C diet supplemented with a high dose of polyphenols (280 mg/kg, H). Polyphenol analyses in feed and meat were performed using the liquid-chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry technique (LC-MS/MS). Higher amounts of sulphate metabolites were detected in the H group. Microbiological quality was evaluated on Longissimus lumborum muscles stored under aerobic conditions at 4 °C. The H diet exerted an inhibitory effect on microbial growth (p < 0.001), notably for Pseudomonas spp., when compared to C and L diets; differences among the groups were observed starting from 6 days of storage. In the H group, the Pseudomonas spp. population showed an increase in the latency phase and a decrease in the maximum growth rate of the fitted curves in comparison with the C and L groups. The use of dietary polyphenols could be a strategy to reduce spoilage during meat storage.


Runoff measurement at the semiarid Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed began in the middle 1950s with five critical depth flumes. Since that time, the measurement network has evolved to include measurement structures on 11 large watersheds (2.27–149 km2), 8 medium watersheds (0.35–1.60 km2), and 11 small watersheds (0.0018–0.59 km2). The ephemeral nature of runoff, high‐flow velocities, and high‐sediment concentrations in the flow led to the development of the Walnut Gulch supercritical flume used on the large watersheds and the Smith supercritical flume used on the small watersheds. The period of record considered good to excellent ranges from 26 to 47 years. In 1999, the original analog recording systems were augmented with digital recorders. Runoff occurs at Walnut Gulch primarily as a result of convective thunderstorms during the months of July through September. Runoff volume and flow duration are correlated with drainage area as a result of the limited areal extent of runoff producing rainfall and transmission losses or infiltration of the flood wave into the channel alluvium. Runoff records including hydrographs and summary data are available in several formats via a Web interface at http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/dap/.


This article describes the design and performance of a new scanning tunneling microscope (STM) which operates at elevated temperatures and high scanning speeds. To minimize the thermal displacements within the STM, a symmetric configuration was chosen with a large temperature gradient between the sample and the piezoelectric scanner. The thermal behavior of the STM was optimized further by means of a finite element analysis. The high scan rates (105 data points/s) are accomplished with fast analogue electronics and a combination of a workstation and three transputers. The STM has imaged surfaces with atomic resolution between room temperature and 750 K, with low residual drifts only two hours after a major temperature change. The sample surface remains within the vertical range of the piezo actuator over a temperature interval of 159 K.


ABSTRACT:In this paper I examine three versions of a case added to Euclid's Elements, Book I, proposition 1, which are found in three late medieval Hebrew texts based on the Elements. The added case explains how to construct an isosceles triangle. Following a brief discussion of this problem and its solutions in the Greek, Arabic, and Latin traditions, I examine the constructions in the Hebrew texts and their peculiarities. In an Appendix I present a partial English translation of the version of this added case found in Ibn al-Haytham's On the Resolution of Doubts on Euclid's Elements.


Garlic is one of the main commodities in Indonesia.Various constraints in the cultivation system such as the condition of the land and attacks of diseases such as root wilting are problem of increasing the productivity of this plant. This study aims to obtain information about the effect of giving inoculants of Aspergillus niger and Fusarium sp on the growth of garlic in different media planting until the age of 20 days. Garlic bulb were obtained from local farmers, with a size of weight 6-7 gram/bulb. The experiment was carried out at the greenhouse scale using a completely randomized design with 5 replications. Treatment includes the type of planting media, soil, sand and soil + sand (ratio1:1), three type of inoculant, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp and mixing Aspergillus niger + Fusarium sp and control. Inoculants are given 10 mL (5 x 1010 CFU/mL) in liquid on pots containing 300 grams of planting media. Observations are carried out after 20 days planting. The results showed that Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus niger + Fusarium sp inoculants had a positif significant effect on the growth of garlic in all treatment media soil, sand and soil + sand. Fusarium sp inoculant inhibits growth of 30% - 60%, Aspergillus niger inoculant can increase growth of 40% - 90% when compared to controls on all planting media. The use of Aspergillus niger inoculant can overcome diseases caused by Fusarium sp, it can even increase the growth of 30% - 40% in sand and sand + soil media planting.


The Y‐base of yeast tRNAPhe was replaced by the fluorophores 1‐aminoanthracene or proflavine to yield derivatives which are active in all of the reactions of peptide elongation on reticulocyte ribosomes. The relatively long lifetime, higher quantum yield, and environmental sensitivity of 1‐aminoanthracene make it a particulary useful adjunct to the Y‐base in studying conformational changes in the anticodon region. The absorption and emission spectra of 1‐aminoanthracene in tRNA  PheAa in solutions in which it is active in peptide synthesis indicate that the probe is in a hydrophobic environment, apparently provided by stacking with the adjacent bases in the anticodon loop. The proflavine derivative, tRNA  PhePf , was employed in iodide quenching, D2O enhancement, and fluorescence depolarization experiments. The results indicate that the fluorophore in partially but not completely protected from the solvent. Anisotropy studies indicate that in solutions approximating those which support peptide synthesis on ribosomes, the probes have significant but restricted flexibility within the anticodon loop. Considered with nmr data and Y‐base fluorescence from crystals of tRNA  PheY , the results indicate that the solution and crystal structures of tRNAPhe are very similar. In turn, fluorescene from modified tRNAPhe bound to ribosomes is similar to that observed in solution. It is of special significance for future experiments involving nonradiative energy transfer that these probles adjacent to the anticodon retain independent flexibility when bound to ribosomes with poly(U). The tRNAPhe itself appears to be held rigidly on the ribosomes. It is concluded that within the limits dictated by the position and sensitivity of the probes used in this study, the mechanism of tRNAPhe binding to ribosomes and the movement of tRNA and mRNA during the translocation steps of peptide synthesis can be interpreted in terms of the well‐defined crystal structure of tRNAPhe.


We show that the perceptron algorithm along with periodic rescaling solves linear programs in polynomial time. The algorithm requires no matrix inversions and no barrier functions.