In vitro assays are frequently used for the screening of substrates and inhibitors of transporter-mediated efflux. Examining directional flux across MDCKII cell monolayers that over express a transporter protein is particularly useful in identifying whether or not a candidate compound is an inhibitor or substrate for that transport system. Studies that use a single substrate or inhibitor in competition assays can be challenging to interpret due to the possible multiple mechanisms involved in substrate/inhibitor-protein interactions. During our previous studies of substrate-inhibitor-transporter interactions, we observed differences in BCRP inhibition depending on the substrate and the inhibitor. Therefore, we investigated BCRP-mediated interactions with a 4x4 matrix of substrates and inhibitors using monolayers formed from MDCKII cells transfected with murine BCRP (Bcrp1/Abcg2). The selective BCRP inhibitor Ko143 effectively inhibited the Bcrp1-mediated transport of all substrates examined. However, GF120918, nelfinavir and Pluronic P85 exhibited differences in inhibition depending on the substrate examined. Our findings support recent reports that suggest the interactions of substrate molecules with BCRP involve multiple binding regions in the protein. The nucleoside substrates zidovudine and abacavir appear to bind to a region on BCRP that may have little or no overlap with the binding regions of either prazosin or imatinib. In conclusion, the choice of substrate or inhibitor molecules for an in vitro assay system can be crucial for the optimal design of experiments to evaluate transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions.


ABSTRACT This paper presents a modeling and a numerical study that allows following the variation of the moisture content, temperature, drying rate and heat and mass transfer coefficients of four African tropical woods coming from Douala Cameroon. Experimental setup was developed in order to verify the drying curves and calculation of mass and heat transfer coefficients for both moisture content gradient and temperature gradient. The thermophysical properties were selected after performing an exhaustive literature review linked to the tested materials. The drying conditions were 25°C, 33.5°C and 0.25 m/s, representing wet temperature, dry temperature and air velocity, respectively. Wood thickness ranged between 22 and 25 mm. According to modeling and simulation results, the predicted moisture content shows an average relative error on each drying curve less than 10% compared to the experimental results. Mass and heat transfer coefficient evolutions are physically explained with satisfaction. Mass transfer coefficients for temperature gradient can be neglected in steady drying conditions as compared to the other transfer coefficients. Water permeability and brake factor of diffusivity of the air vapor in wood are determined using an inverse method. The presented drying model can be used to simulate in particular the tropical woods drying.


This chapter discusses the migration industrial complex and the migration industry. It first provides a context for understanding the impact of neoliberal policies on migration by historicizing the immigration and labor policies that shaped early Mexican labor in the United States. The chapter then presents a discussion of how immigration policy invented "illegal aliens" to produce a temporary labor force and labor policy codified their exclusion from legal protections afforded other groups of workers. Both groups of policies expanded U.S. employers' control over legal and illegal Mexican workers. The chapter outlines neoliberal policies affecting the Mexican workforce, which promoted labor migration both within Mexico and north across the U.S.-Mexico border. Anticipated outcomes of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) included increases in both legal and undocumented migration. Finally, it outlines the influence of neoliberal policies in expanding economic activity at the border. Keywords: Mexican labor; migration industry; neoliberal policies; North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); United States (U.S)


The input and output voltages in matrix converter based on two voltage synthesis are supposed to be divided into some sectors in each period. In different divisions, the voltage sectors have two kinds of shapes: shape S and shape X . First, the general form of equation for synthesizing voltage and the calculation of duty cycle is improved in the paper. Second, the four combinations of shapes of input and output voltage sector{ X,X},{X,S},{S,X},{S,S} are studied.Furthermore, in each combination, the relationships between the voltage sectors and the performances of matrix converter are studied. The performances include the existence of the "original switch", the maximum voltage gain and waveform of the input current. By analysis and comparison, the best combination of shapes of input and output voltage sectors is found to be { S,X} .The "original switch" exists in this combination and easy to implement .At the same time the maximum voltage gain and symmetrical sinusoidal input current is gained and the power factor can be unit. Last, the validity of the conclusions is demonstrated by simulation.


Part of the interface with the protection of the present invention discloses a matrix outlet tester, including the opening amount detecting module, a control module having a plurality of binary input of the measurement junction, a display module, the detection module intake opening the tester is connected to the empty node receives the relay tester out to the amount of displacement from the timing table for the main control module, a portion of the opening amount detecting module receiving the contacts active protection device outlet or to be measured without source contacts so as to be transmitted to the displacement of the case the main control module via an interface circuit as respective timing stopwatch, the tester of the present invention, an outlet matrix having a plurality of binary input interfaces, can be adapted to the conventional multi-switch relay apparatus, since the present invention by using the relay tester out table contacts and relay tester analog output amount from a timing synchronized. This matrix outlet tester can be customized to display the results of the test point type.


A method of analysis is presented for free vertical vibration of suspension bridges. The method takes into account the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia, and uses a linearized theory which maintains small amplitudes of vibration. The formulation of the problem is based on the Timoshenko beam theory, and the differential equations of motion and the associated boundary conditions are derived by applying Hamilton's principle. The analysis is conducted by using general solutions for the fourth order differential equation of motion. The objective of the study is to determine a sufficient number of natural frequencies and mode shapes, and to enable an accurate vibration analysis for higher modes. A detailed numerical example, which includes the various boundary conditions of the stiffening girders and the elasticity of the towers, is shown to illustrate the applicability of the analysis and to investigate the dynamic characteristics of vertical vibrating suspension bridges.


We compute the two loop corrections to the gluon propagator for low momentum in a gluon mass model. This model has recently been proposed as an alternative to the Gribov construction in the way it handles Gribov copies in the gauge fixing. The corrections provide improvements for estimating the point where the gluon propagator freezes in relation to lattice data.


ABSTRACT We study the applicability of the investment development path to multinationals from developing countries and illustrate these arguments by analyzing the evolution of Brazilian outward foreign direct investment. This model argues that as countries develop, their firms will develop sophisticated capabilities and eventually become multinational firms. In the case of emerging countries, two additional factors accelerate this process. One is the push of pro-market reforms, whereby firms upgrade their capabilities to compete in the home country, thus becoming multinationals earlier than expected. The second is the push of institutional voids, whereby firms avoid excessive and misguided regulations of the local institutional environment.


Four major physics-based projects are among 10 to have been selected by Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology for funding in the coming decade as part of its "roadmap" of big-science projects.


Distributions and characteristics of radionuclide activities in sediment samples collected in 2006 from water areas (lakes, rivers and seas) in the Fukuoka Prefecture were analyzed. The following 4 major findings were obtained: 1) The activity of 40 K is 272–773 Bq/kg dry. Those of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 137 Cs are 4.3–65.4 Bq/kg dry, 6.7–72.9 Bq/kg dry and ND–9.8 Bq/kg dry, respectively. 2) Behaviors of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 137 Cs show common features such that the activities are low in fine sand and high in silty mud. However, no correlation is found between 40 K and other radionuclides. 3) The activity of 137 Cs in lake sediments is relatively high, and is influenced by organic contents in the sediments. The activities of 137 Cs in river and sea sediments are low; they are 12–24% of the activity in lake sediments. 4) Higher activity of 137 Cs is observed in places where water stagnation and deposition of organic matters are likely to occur.


Successful organ transplantation relies on an armamentarium of immunosuppressive drugs that the recipient must take continuously to avoid graft rejection. Although current immunosuppressive strategies have proven effective at controlling acute rejection over the first few months, they pose a significant risk for infection and cancer in the longer term and are still unable to control the slow, inexorable degradation associated with chronic graft rejection. There is accumulating experimental evidence that specific immune tolerance to the donor organ can be achieved by means of novel therapeutic agents that can block or modify T-cell function in vivo. This tolerance is dependent on manipulating the immune response toward a population of regulatory CD4 T cells characterized by high expression of the alpha chain of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (CD25) together with the transcription factor foxP3. It remains, however, uncertain whether the generation or activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is compromised by any particular combination of the nonspecific immunosuppressive agents that are currently considered necessary for achieving reliable graft acceptance. This is the question addressed, at least in part, by the article of Lim (1) in this issue of Transplantation. They took the approach of expanding a sorted population of CD4 CD25 CD62L Tregs in vitro, using donor bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and applied these to mouse models of graft versus host disease and skin graft rejection. They could then test the interactions and effects of various doses of conventional immunosuppressive drugs methylprednisolone (mPD), mycophenolate (MMF), rapamycin (RAPA), cyclosporine A (CsA) or the newer immunomodulatory biotherapeutics which block T-cell interactions by means of CD154 (anti-CD40L) or CD152 (CTLA4-Ig). There are previous studies where the effects of agents such as cyclosporin or RAPA on the induction or expansion of Tregs have been investigated in vitro (2, 3), but I believe this represents the first article in which the interactions between Tregs and immunosuppression have been systematically studied in a relevant in vivo setting. This is perhaps surprising considering how important such information will be if we are to successfully and safely introduce tolerogenic protocols into the transplantation arena. The new data start with the graft versus host disease model where allotype and fluorescently marked conventional and expanded Tregs were allowed to compete for antigen. Their relative proliferation and survival could be followed and any differential effects of immunosuppressive drug administration were observed. In this model, MMF, CsA, and mPD did not substantially inhibit conventional T cells or Tregs, whereas CTLA4-Ig, anti-CD40L, and RAPA seemed to strongly inhibit both types of T cell. None of the agents were found to preferentially promote Tregs. The skin graft model was potentially more informative because the authors used a system where increased graft survival depends on the transfer of Tregs into recipients that had been transiently depleted of T cells (with depleting CD4 plus CD8 antibodies). In this case, they could follow not only the relative proliferation and survival of the conventional T cells versus the Tregs but also the effects of any additional immunosuppressive agents on the speed at which grafts were rejected. They found that CTLA4-Ig and mPD had no net effect on graft survival, whereas both RAPA and particularly antiCD40L considerably extended the survival time. Of all the standard immunosuppressive drugs, RAPA has often been considered the most likely to be "protolerogenic" due to its ability to promote anergy and block costimulation (4). Perhaps more importantly, they found that both MMF and CsA reduced the therapeutic effectiveness of the regulatory T-cell infusion on graft survival. In the case of CsA, which is known to inhibit T-cell activation and IL-2 secretion, this is perhaps a predictable outcome considering the evidence that Tregs require IL-2 for both their development and survival and activation by means of the T-cell receptor for their functional activity. Further experiments investigated the apparent synergy between regulatory T-cell infusions and anti-CD40L antibody. Surprisingly, there was no strong evidence that antiCD40L promoted an overall increase in the numbers of the regulatory T-cell population, but in vitro suppression assays suggested that the CD25 T cells from the treated mice were considerably more potent ( 20-fold compared with the original expanded population that was infused) although this suppression did not show any particular enrichment toward donor antigen compared with third party. Unfortunately, the anti-CD40L antibodies that have been tested clinically have Therapeutic Immunology Group, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Address correspondence to: Stephen P. Cobbold, Therapeutic Immunology Group, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received 24 December 2009. Accepted 6 January 2010. Copyright © 2010 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISSN 0041-1337/10/8908-909 DOI: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181d3ca03


This paper presents a deep analysis of Smith's thought of economic growth, including its tradition, connotation, problems and influence. Being the first height of economic growth theory, Smith's thought was not only influential in his time, but remains the core of the mainstream economic growth theory nowadays. However, Smith's thought has its defect: its emphasis on the supply growth and capital was reasonable at that time, yet overlooked the demand growth and people's subjectivity, which led to a theoretical predicament. Therefore, both the accomplishment and the defect of Smith's thought bear enlightenment to the modern economic growth theory.


The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new trajectory tracking controller applied to the Furuta pendulum; where the arm tracks a desired time-varying trajectory, while the pendulum remains regulated at the upward position. This controller is derived from the input-output feedback linearization technique. The rigorous analysis of the internal dynamics is presented, showing that the tracking error and the regulation error trajectories are uniformly ultimately bounded. Experimental results show the validity of the introduced theory. Additionally, a detailed experimental study is also presented, where a PID controller and an output tracking controller are compared with respect to the new algorithm, which presents the best performance.


Absract: Mobile Adhoc NETwork (MANET) is a "on the fly" network of mobile nodes. Packets are routed through mobile nodes instead of any fixed base station. Routing protocols developed for wired networks are inadequate as they not only assume mostly permanent topology but also having high overheads. This problem leads to several routing algorithms/proposals specifically for ad hoc networks. However, some of these proposals are optimized variants of protocols designed for wired networks. This paper focused on various On Demand Routing protocols known as reactive protocols such as DSR, AODV, TORA, ABR. the cross-layer design approach is an important concept in mobile ad-hoc networks which is adopted to solve several open issues. It aims to overcome MANET performance problems by allowing protocols belonging to different layers to cooperate and share network status information while still maintaining separated layers.


High‐quality data on the efficacy of L‐ornithine L‐aspartate (LOLA) in patients with cirrhosis and bouts of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) are missing. We evaluated the efficacy of intravenous LOLA in the reversal of bouts of OHE in patients with cirrhosis. In this prospective, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial conducted at two tertiary care institutes in India, 370 patients with cirrhosis and bouts of OHE were screened. After exclusion, 193 (52.16%) patients were randomized to receive either intravenous infusions of LOLA (n = 98), 30 g daily, or placebo (n = 95) for 5 days. Standard of care treatment (including lactulose and ceftriaxone) was given in both groups. Randomization was done centrally (http://www.sealedenvelope.com/). All study personnel were blinded to the treatment assignment. Fasting venous ammonia levels were estimated daily from 0 to 5 days. Serum tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukins, hemogram, and liver and renal function tests were performed at days 0 and 5. Primary outcome was mental state grade at day 5 of treatment. The grade of OHE was significantly lower in the LOLA group (compared to placebo) on days 1‐4 but not on day 5. The mean time taken for recovery was lower in the LOLA group compared to the placebo group (1.92 ± 0.93 versus 2.50 ± 1.03 days, P = 0.002; 95% confidence interval −0.852 to −0.202). Venous ammonia at day 5 and length of hospital stay were significantly lower in the LOLA group. No significant difference in interleukins was seen between the groups. Conclusion: In patients with bouts of OHE, intravenous LOLA (as an add‐on therapy to lactulose and ceftriaxone) significantly improves the grade of OHE over days 1‐4, but not on day 5, and decreases venous ammonia, time of recovery, and length of hospital stay. (Hepatology 2018;67:700‐710).


SUMMARY HRF20isahomologous restriction factor of20,000 MW that prevents cells frommembrane attack byhomologous complement. HRF20hasbeenidentified byamonoclonal antibody (mAb),F5,and isone ofthephosphatidylinositol(PI)-anchored cell-surface glycoproteins. We analysed the distribution ofHRF20expressed on subsets ofperipheral bloodlymphocytes usingIF5.HRF20is expressed inrelatively large amounts onTcells. Incontrast, adherent cells possesssmaller amountsof HRF20while having large quantities ofdecay-accelerating factor (DAF). Although DAF was shown tobedeficient orpresent atrather lowlevels on NK cells, HRF20was detected in95%oflarge granular lymphocytes (LGL), asdescribed byFACSanalysis. We also determined theeffect ofIF5 on bothmononuclear leucocytes andTcells intermsoftheir growth response.Theresults showthat 1F5induces T-cell proliferation whencells arestimulated withinterleukin-2 (IL-2). Inaddition, induction ofproliferation isfacilitated bycross-linking 1F5with a second antibody. Theseresults suggest thatHRF20expressed on T cells notonlyprotects themfromcytotoxic attack by homologous complement, butalso may initiate intracellular signals leading tocell activation when theyhappen tobecross-linked.


The key causes of water damage in asphalt concrete pavement is that the adhesion between asphalt and aggregate is not powerful enough. By analyzing the data in the water stability test,the research is conducted on the influence of clay contaminated aggregate in breeze on the asphalt mixture water stability. The result shows that high plasticity index condensed fly ash has obvious influence on the asphalt mixture water stability,while low plasticity index condensed fly ash is in favor of environment protection.


Based on analysis on the routine components of a great deal of complicated natural gas which is without self—pressure and greatly variable in its components and content during the exploration and development of gas field(reservoir) in Sichuan Basin,we explore the analysis method that components of the natural gas is divided into three parts.With use of two gas chromatograph and by three different chromatographic columns two types of detectors,we have greatly reduced the analysis time.Through test on its precision,the test method is proved to be feasible.


Xinyangmaojian is one of the famous green tea in China,which has a long history and unique quality.This paper summarized how the factors affected the quality of Xinyangmaojian from tea varieties,ecological conditions,cultivation measures,plucking technology,and brewing conditions etc.The chemical content of all tea varieties was different;the climate conditions of Xinyang area could provide good water,heat and light conditions for tea plant normal growth,but soil conditions affected the quality of tea;two kinds of cultivation measures,reasonable intercropping and tea plantations,had an important impact on the quality of tea;different picking time,picking standard and machining process could also affect the quality of tea;the sensory quality of tea also varied among different brewing conditions.


There are 850 million people in the world with chronic kidney disease (CKD), one of the fastest growing global causes of death that was the most important risk factor for fatal COVID-19. The remaining life expectancy of people with CKD on renal replacement therapy is up to 40 years less than in the general population. While healthy lifestyles and control of risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension can help protect against the development of CKD, the global burden of CKD continues to increase. Despite these poor results, recent clinical trials indicate that the concept of primary prevention of CKD must be developed. In post-hoc analyses of at least two clinical trials, SGLT2 inhibitors prevented the development of CKD in people without prior CKD but at high risk for CKD. We propose a working definition of primary prevention of CKD with the aim of preserving renal health, which should include the target population (who), the moment (when) and the intervention (what).


Abstract A 78-year-old man with combined trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia underwent glycerol rhizolysis of the trigeminal ganglion. The treatment led to the immediate relief of both neuralgias. We discuss the potential mechanism of this unexpected therapeutic effect with reference to the pathophysiology of trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia.


ABSTRACT: Tillage erosion is considered one of the most important processes of land degradation in hilly cultivated areas. Extensive cultivation of hilly areas have largely degraded soil in the past decades due to the erosion caused by use of heavy powerful tillage implements. In order to evaluate the effect of moldboard plow on tillage erosion, a study was conducted along an intensively cultivated hillslope (slope gradient from 622%) with rainfed crops. Two tillage experiments were carried out, one with the tillage implement moving perpendicular and the other parallel to the contour lines. The soil displacement by tillage was measured by using tracers (numbered aluminum cylinders of 1 cm3 volume) that were inserted into the soil at various depths at selected slope positions to give a range of slope gradients. Thirty strips were prepared and 1200 tracers were inserted into the soil for each experiment. The location of each tracer was precisely recorded using a theodolite before and after the tillage operation. Soil displacement was analyzed & three plow depths (20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm) and for two directions of tillage operation in each experiment. The effect of long term moldboard plowing on tillage erosion in the study hillslope was examined by using past and present detailed soil survey, data, existing water erosion data, and empirical relationship data derived from this study. Downslope displacement of soil during tillage increased with increased plow depth and slope gradient. In steep hillslope positions (22% slope gradient), a maximum soil displacement of 97 cm was measured after plowing the soil downslope at the depth of 40 on and perpendicular to the contour lines. After plowing the soil along contour lines, under the same soil conditions, and management practices, soil displacement was reduced to 69 cm. A 50% reduction in plow depth reduced soil displacement by more than 75%. The upslope reversion of furrow with the tractor moving parallel or perpendicular to the contour lines significantly reduced soil displacement, from 2–33 cm. The comparison of two tillage experiments showed that contour farming significantly decreased tillage erosion. The analysis of detailed soil survey data, water erosion data, and tillage erosion data demonstrated that tillage erosion was the most important process transporting soil from the upper convex to the lower concave parts of the study hillslope.


This article is mainly stating some corrosion problems that are likely to be ignored during separator design and application.In the article,it has many discussions of several influence and corrosion defective and analysis of structure design and corrosion-resistance.The viewpoint has been stated in the article in order to provide the experts with further discussion.


Abstract Background Although there are many overlapping features, pediatric diarrheal diseases can vary in severity, duration, clinical manifestations, and sequelae according to the causal pathogen, which in turn can impact the economic burden on patients and their families. We aimed to evaluate the household costs of diarrheal disease by pathogen in 7 countries. Methods We analyzed data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), a prospective, age-stratified, matched case–control study of moderate to severe diarrheal disease among children aged 0–59 months in 7 low-income countries; 4 in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, The Gambia) and 3 in Asia (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan). Demographic, epidemiological, economic, and clinical data were collected, and a stool sample was obtained for microbiological analysis at enrollment. We used a multivariate generalized linear model to assess the effect of rotavirus, Cryptosporidium, heat-stable toxin (ST)–producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC [ST only or LT plus ST]), Shigella, Campylobacter jejuni, norovirus GII, Vibrio cholerae O1, age, gender, in/outpatient, and country on total costs to the patient/family. Results Household out-of-pocket costs were higher in Mali than any other country. Within countries, household cost differences between pathogens were minimal and not statistically significantly different. Conclusions We found no significant differences in household costs by pathogen. Despite data limitations, understanding pathogen-specific household costs (or lack thereof) is useful, as decision-makers could consider broader illness cost information and its relevance to a particular pathogen's economic burden and contribution to poverty when deciding which pathogens to target for interventions.


We are keenly aware of the need for educators at all levels to use technology to design and structure learning environments for students. Teacher educators are poised to assist pre and inservice teachers to take advantage of emergent technology for learning and teaching by modeling the infusion of technology into the curriculum and by helping teachers consider issues related to such infusion. According to the National Educational Technology Standards for Teachers (International Society for Technology in Education, 2000), "School and college of education coursework must consistently model exemplary pedagogy that integrates the use of technology for learning content with methods for working with PK-12 students" (p. 6-7).


We propose and demonstrate a multifunctional location-dependent metamaterial in the terahertz (THz) range in which the unit cell consists of two pairs of coupled resonators. Experimental and simulation results of our devices reveal that both pairs of the coupled resonators will keep their individual resonance modes when they join together. Thus, the overall transmission spectrum is a combination of frequency response spectra of its corresponding constituent parts. While changing the locations of the inner resonators in our structure, controllable width of transmission window and changeable number of transmission dips can be realized. Our design provides a feasible structure for multifunctional microelectromechanical devices.


How public interests are reflected in media merger regulation? How in a specific case, various aspects of public interests are addressed in the political process? Taking as example the famous News Corp/BSkyB merger case, this paper examines how UK's media merger regulatory regime really works. Having analyzed the political process in this case, the author makes clear that in UK regulations, media mergers are considered as something to do with special public interests, which are not only economic-such as market competition, but also socio-political- such as democratic diversity and social responsibilities.As laid out in the regulatory framework, the News Corp/BskyB merger should go through the public interests test, despites the alliance between Conservative Party and Rupert Murdock. Activists who argued against the case were based more on plurality-related values in the beginning, but then concerned more with values of social responsibilities ("fit and proper") after the phone hacking scandal broke out. In conclusion, the author suggests that public interests can only be safeguarded by a healthy legal framework, and strengthened by caring social activists.


An IgG fraction of a goat antibody prepared against human thymus cells and absorbed with red blood cells, insolubilized human Ig, and cells from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (ATG) has been found to react specifically with the human T lymphocyte population (1). This antibody blocked spontaneous rosette formation by human peripheral lymphocytes and sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The F(ab′)2 and Fab′ fragments of ATG were also effective in blocking rosette formation. Moreover, capping of SRBC on lymphocytes was observed when cells were incubated with the F(ab′)2 fragment of ATG, but not with the Fab′ fragment. The data suggest that on human peripheral lymphocytes the receptor for SRBC and a T-specific antigen may be the same or may be linked. A soluble extract of human peripheral lymphocytes contained material capable of reacting with ATG. Fractions of this extract obtained from Sephadex G-200 and G-75 columns and corresponding to molecular weights of approximately 35,000 and 70,000 were capable of blocking ATD's inhibition of rosette formation. The active components appeared to be glycoproteins and migrated with Rf values of 0.96 on acrylamide gel electrophoresis.


Means (30) for spraying a dye penetrant testing products to the turbine section (32) of the lumen (36), which member comprises a support device (40), for spraying a dye penetrant test product is sprayed into the interior of the pipeline (80) for absorbing and removal line (100) is sprayed Dye penetrant inspection of the product, and apparatus for supporting at least a portion substantially inclined from the horizontal position to a device inclined position member (54), such that sprayed into the cavity Dye penetrant inspection of the product flows to the region in which the gravity is absorbed (106).


The latest series of con icts in the Balkans, starting in June 1991 with the secession of Croatia and Slovenia from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and continuing with a de facto secession of the Kosovo province from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montengro) in 1999, is the fourth in the series of wars waged in the 20th century in the region of the former Yugoslavia over the political control of territory.


With wide pages to give margins for notes, this book presents the latest Epicurean scholarship plus notes and bibliography. It contains a collection of the surviving works and sage expressions of Epicurus plus the account of Epicurean natural science in Lucretius's "On the Nature of the Universe".


This report discusses aging effects on safety-related power transformers in nuclear power plants. It also evaluates maintenance, testing, and monitoring practices with respect to their effectiveness in detecting and mitigating the effects of aging. The study follows the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission`s (NRC`s) Nuclear Plant-Aging Research approach. It investigates the materials used in transformer construction, identifies stressors and aging mechanisms, presents operating and testing experience with aging effects, analyzes transformer failure events reported in various databases, and evaluates maintenance practices. Databases maintained by the nuclear industry were analyzed to evaluate the effects of aging on the operation of nuclear power plants.


The famous quote says that if science creates problems, they will not be solved by ignorance. This is why we admit that the enormous amount of data produced in the last few decades, coupled to narrow specialization, brings new types of obstacles. To be an expert nowadays usually means to focus on one molecular pathway or one isolated disease, ignoring what is happening elsewhere, even if elsewhere is the laboratory next door. Clinical specialists are becoming subspecialists who pay no attention to the body regions only a few centimeters away from their field of interest. This transformation of the human body into numerous segments approached by isolated strategies represents the first level of fragmentation (1). Widening of our knowledge has become a phenomenon comparable to the expanding Universe. By making more space for the personal wisdom of our galaxies and by appearing more important to ourselves, we are becoming increasingly distant from each other. Paradoxically, measurable and accelerated widening of knowledge at the preclinical and clinical levels increases the gap between these two fields, representing the second level of fragmentation. Even worse, the expansion of our personal subfields of interest leaves less and less space for the patient, making us forget that all our professional activities exist because of the complexity of human beings affected by diseases, influencing their whole bodies and minds. There is also a third level of fragmentation – the fragmentation of education, activities, and strategies among different countries (2).


The vortex gripper is a recently developed pneumatic noncontact handling device that takes advantage of air-swirling flow to cause upward lifting force and that thereby can pick up and hold a work piece placed underneath without any contact. It is applicable where, e.g., in the semiconductor wafer manufacturing process, contact should be avoided during handling and moving in order to minimize damage to a work piece. For the purpose of a full understanding of the mechanism of the vortex gripper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was conducted in this paper, and at the same time, experimental work was carried out to measure the pressure distribution on the upper surface of the work piece. First, three turbulence models were used for simulation and verified by comparison with the experimental pressure distribution. It is known that the Reynolds stress transport model (RSTM) can reproduce the real distribution better. Then, on the basis of the experimental and numerical result of RSTM, an insight into the vortex gripper and its flow phenomena, including flow structure, spatial velocity, and pressure distributions, and an investigation into the influence of clearance variation was given.


The invention discloses an image-stabilizing binocular telescope, which comprises a telescope shell which is internally provided with a left eye telescoping light path and a right eye telescoping light path, and is characterized in that a left object lens and a right eye lens belong to the right eye telescoping light path, a right object lens and a left eye lens belong to the left eye telescoping light path, the right eye telescoping light path and the left eye telescoping light path are not shadowed by each other, and are in three-dimensional cross, an anascope group is respectively arranged between one object lens and one eye lens of the two telescoping light paths, and the right eye telescoping light path and the left eye telescoping light path are combined with the anascope group to form an image-stabilizing assembly shared by the two telescoping light paths, and the image-stabilizing assembly is installed in the telescoping shell through a gimbal suspension. The simple direct image-stabilizing device disclosed by the invention can accurately and synchronically eliminate the rotation of an image seen by eyes, simultaneously, can effectively restrain the nutation of a spinning sop, and can lock/unlock the image-stabilizing assembly, so that in carrying, the image-stabilizing assembly can be locked in the telescoping shell, and can flexibly rotate in observation.


Uniform convexity in every direction in locally convex spaces is introduced and several equivalent definitions are given.Every bounded closed convex set in a uniformly convex in every direction space is proved to have a normal structure.


Carnivals situate a state or nation in the global cultural map, for their especial merit of fostering for the host community, economic advancement and a healthier international profile in the diplomatic comity. The present study engages the relevance of the Calabar Carnival beyond the realms of entertainment and tourism, but as a politico-cultural agent in the global environment where diplomacy conditions the reputation, acceptability, and sometimes fortunes of nations. In a multicultural nation like Nigeria, where autonomous ethnic identity is an intense superstructure of indigenous beliefs, dressing, cuisine, and native performance; cultural diplomacy can play a significant role in regulating intercultural relations. Culture therefore, can play a nationalistic function as a unifier of divergent interests and orientations, especially within the thematic and logistical organisation of festivals and carnivals, and the touristic benefits they have for diplomatic intentions. The Calabar Carnival represents that nationalistic intent to explore and promote the objective of cultural diplomacy, both on the national and international frontier. The objective of the present study consequently, is two-fold. Firstly, to analyse the sociocultural implications of the Calabar carnival on the national polity, such that it validates the carnival's potentials in economic and touristic development. Secondly, to discuss the logistical and ideational challenges of hosting the Carnival, as well as possible ways of ameliorating them. The study takes its foundation in the theory of diplomacy, which submits that the more we meet people through trade and other platforms the more we outsource and propagate our native culture, values and ideas. The study employs the participant-observation, interview method, and content analysis of relevant literature, to pursue its objectives.KEYWORDS: Dance, Potentials, Implications, Challenges, Calabar, Carnival, Nigeria


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 participants should be unable to generate signatures on its own. Existential unforgeability against adaptive chosen message attacks is widely considered as a standard security notion for digital signature, and threshold signature should also follow this accordingly. However, there are two special attack models in a threshold signature scheme: one is the static corruption attack and the other is the adaptive corruption attack. Since the adaptive corruption model appears to better capture real threats, designing and proving threshold signature schemes secure in the adaptive corruption model has been focused on in recent years. If a threshold signature is secure under adaptive chosen message attack and adaptive corruption attack, we say it is fully adaptively secure. In this paper, based on the dual pairing vector spaces technology, we construct a threshold signature scheme and use Gerbush et al.'s dual-form signatures technology to prove our scheme, which is fully adaptively secure in the standard model, and then compare it to other schemes in terms of the efficiency and computation.


Runtime Layer (presentation of hypertext, user interact.) Presentation Specification Storage Layer (a database containing a network of nodes and links) Anchoring Within Component Layer (the content/structure inside the nodes)


Hyperpolarization of N-heterocycles with Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) induces NMR sensitivity gains for biological molecules. Substitutions with functional groups, in particular in the ortho-position of the heterocycle, however result in low polarization using a typical Ir-catalyst with bis-mesityl N-heterocyclic carbene ligand for SABRE, presumably due to steric hindrance. With the addition of allylamine or acetonitrile as coligands to the precatalyst chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)[4,5-dimethyl-1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene] iridium, the 1 H signal enhancement increased in several substrates with ortho NH 2 -substitutions. For example, for a proton in 2,4-diaminopyrimidine, the enhancement factors increased from -7 ± 1 to -210 ± 20 with allylamine or to -160 ± 10 with acetonitrile. CH 3 substituted molecules yielded maximum signal enhancements of -25 ± 7 with acetonitrile addition, which is considerably less than the corresponding NH 2 substituted molecules, despite exhibiting similar steric size. With the more electron-donating NH 2 substitution resulting in greater enhancement, it is concluded that steric hindrance is not the only dominant factor in determining the polarizability of the CH 3 substituted compounds. The addition of allylamine increased the signal enhancement for the 290 Da trimethoprim, a molecule with the 2,4-diaminopyrimidine moiety serving as a widespread antibacterial agent, to -70.


Clofarabine as a single agent has demonstrated activity in childhood acute leukemia. In the current phase I/II study, clofarabine was added to the widely used combination of etoposide and cyclophosphamide. The phase I component of the study is completed. Patients between 1 and 21 years old with refractory or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were enrolled in phase I. A standard 3+3 design was followed to determine the safest dose when used in combination. All 3 drugs were administered via IV infusion daily for 5 consecutive days in induction and 4 consecutive days in consolidation. Patients received up to 2 induction cycles (depending on the response following cycle 1), followed by consolidation (up to a maximum of 8 cycles, including induction). The initial doses (cohort 1) were: clofarabine 20 mg/m 2 /day, etoposide 75 mg/m 2 /day and cyclophosphamide 340 mg/m 2 /day. Clofarabine was increased to 30 mg/m 2 /day in cohort 4 and 40 mg/m 2 /day in cohort 5 after cyclophosphamide and etoposide were escalated to their respective target dose levels (440 mg/m 2 /day and 100 mg/m 2 /day) in cohorts 2 and 3. Twenty-five patients (ALL: 20 patients; AML: 5 patients) were enrolled in the 5 cohorts, and response data based on investigator's assessment are available on the first 22 patients (ALL: 18 patients; AML: 4 patients). The median number of prior induction regimens was 2, and 3 patients had a prior hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Data show complete remission (CR) in 7 patients (ALL: 7 patients; AML: 0 patients) and complete remission without platelet recovery (CRp) in 6 patients (ALL: 2 patients; AML: 4 patients) for an overall response rate of 59% (ALL: 50%; AML: 100%). Four patients proceeded to HSCT after treatment. One patient in cohort 4 experienced a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) that resolved (grade 3 elevation of lipase and abdominal pain). In addition, a second patient in cohort 4 experienced a lipase elevation that did not meet DLT criteria, leading to a cohort expansion to 10 total patients. One patient in cohort 5 (n=6) experienced a DLT of prolonged bone marrow aplasia leading to cohort expansion. Common toxicities observed in ≥20% of patients included febrile neutropenia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, pyrexia, anorexia, hypokalemia, headache, anxiety and rash. As determined by the independent data monitoring committee, the recommended phase II doses of clofarabine, cyclophosphamide, etoposide 40mg/m 2 /day, 440 mg/m 2 /day, and 100 mg/m 2 /day, respectively. Encouraging preliminary efficacy results and an acceptable safety profile of the combination regimen warrants continuation of the phase II portion of the study, which is actively enrolling patients.


If religion is understood as a cultural and culturally embedded phenomenon and if practical theology is understood as a culturally sensitive and contextual reflection, then a hermeneutical approach is at the heart of the practical theological endeavour. This chapter explores this hermeneutical character and places it in a transcultural and transreligious context. The chapter focuses on lived religion in culture and sees the formalised and institutionalised traditions from the vantage point of people's practices and experiences. Firstly, I position myself within the field of practical theology and discuss various layers of culture and lived religion. Then I attend to the specifics of a hermeneutical approach. Lastly, I ask what this implies for practical theology as cultural hermeneutics, offering the concrete example of the European public discourse on refugees.


A privacy-preserving set intersection cardinality computation protocol based on a semi-trusted third party and commutative encryption is developed,which can be used to solve privacy-preserving computational problems,such as information entropy computation and conditional information entropy computation.A privacy-preserving attribute reduction algorithm based on conditional information entropy for the vertically partitioned multi-decision tables is proposed.The algorithm can globally compute the valid attribute reduction using the attribute reduction idea based on the information viewpoint of Rough set theory,which can get accurate attribute reduction effect on the premise of no sharing of private information among participators.Analysis results show the proposed algorithm is efficient.


Whereas large-sample properties of the estimators of survival distributions using censored data have been studied by many authors, exact results for small samples have been difficult to obtain. In this paper we obtain the exact expression for the ath moment (a > 0) of the Bayes estimator of survival distribution using the censored data under proportional hazard model. Using the exact expression we compute the exact mean, variance and MSE of the Bayes estimator. Also two estimators ofthe mean survival time based on the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Bayes estimator are compared for small samples under proportional hazards.


The 3D fusion of tracked ultrasound with a diagnostic CT image has multiple benefits in a variety of interventional applications for oncology. Still, manual registration is a considerable drawback to the clinical workflow and hinders the widespread clinical adoption of this technique. In this paper, we propose a method to allow for an image-based automated registration, aligning multimodal images of the liver. We adopt a model-based approach that rigidly matches segmented liver shapes from ultrasound (U/S) and diagnostic CT imaging. Towards this end, a novel method which combines a dynamic region-growing method with a graph-based segmentation framework is introduced to address the challenging problem of liver segmentation from U/S. The method is able to extract liver boundary from U/S images after a partial surface is generated near the principal vector from an electromagnetically tracked U/S liver sweep. The liver boundary is subsequently expanded by modeling the problem as a graph-cut minimization scheme, where cost functions used to detect optimal surface topology are determined from adaptive priors of neighboring surface points. This allows including boundaries affected by shadow areas by compensating for varying levels of contrast. The segmentation of the liver surface is performed in 3D space for increased accuracy and robustness. The method was evaluated in a study involving 8 patients undergoing biopsy or radiofrequency ablation of the liver, yielding promising surface segmentation results based on ground-truth comparison. The proposed extended segmentation technique improved the fiducial landmark registration error compared to a point-based registration (7.2mm vs. 10.2mm on average, respectively), while achieving tumor target registration errors that are statistically equivalent (p > 0.05) to state-of-the-art methods.


Without Mn{sup 3+}/Mn{sup 4+} mixed-valence or Jahn-Teller distortions in the MnO{sub 6} octahedra, the origin of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in the pyrochlore Tl{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} is thought to arise instead from superexchange with large incoherent scattering near the ferromagnetic transition. Using x-ray-absorption spectroscopy, we have shown that the electronic state of Tl is nearly identical to that in Tl{sub 2}O{sub 3}, indicating doping into the Tl6s bands, that there is no appreciable Mn mixed valence, and that the MnO{sub 6} octahedra are well ordered. This further supports the proposed mechanism for CMR in Tl{sub 2}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} based on our earlier structural studies. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Conventional fault reconfiguration methods assume determinant values for loads and distributed generators outputs, which may lead to a reconfiguration solution that cannot satisfy operational constraints. This paper proposes a fault reconfiguration method for distribution networks with soft open points (SOPs) considering the uncertainties of photovoltaic (PV) output power and loads. Firstly, a fast probabilistic power flow method based on voltage sensitivity for distribution networks with SOPs is proposed to evaluate each reconfiguration scheme. Then a fault reconfiguration model considering uncertainties of PV output powers and loads is formulated and solved to minimize load shedding and line losses. The effectiveness of the proposed reconfiguration method is verified using the modified 33 and 69-bus distribution systems. The proposed method is shown to be very fast and can provide reliable reconfiguration schemes satisfying all system operation constraints.


Art is most important experience penetrated into human life. Experiences gained through artistic studies help individuals discover that there are other ways than expressing themselves by activating their imaginations, and provide a reliable environment for the creation of original and imaginative works. Individuals who bring creative solutions to their problems through education of art, who are self-confident, who are more sensitive to their surroundings, to works of art and to the cultural values and who approach with an aesthetic consciousness are raised. In this context, visual arts education is of great importance in the general education of individuals. Contemporary practices, contents, new approaches in all dimensions are already accepted and implemented in the visual arts education depending on the possibilities. On the other hand, traditional educational approaches have not been completely abandoned yet. Unfortunately, methods such as repetition, conditioning, imitation, memorization are applied. This article has been produced from the thesis of "Kolaj Tekniğiyle Yapılan Portre Çalışmalarında Proje Tabanlı Öğrenmenin Öğrenci Başarısına ve Tutumuna Etkisi" (The Effect of Project-Based Learning on Student Achievement and Attitude in Portrait Studies Performed with Collage Technique) in Marmara University Educational Sciences Institute in 2019 and examined the effects of project-based learning method on attitudes towards Visual Arts and their success in this course. In the study, the study group consists of 100 students, three of whom are experimental and three of them 1 Prof. Dr., Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi. Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü, Resim-İş Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, firstname.lastname@example.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5114-9986 2 Sorumlu Yazar, Öğretmen, Mustafa Kemal Anadolu Lisesi, email@example.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5406-7759 Geliş Tarihi: 30.04.2020 Kabul Tarihi: 26.10.2020 ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ Doi: 10.48146/odusobiad.730106 628 Ü. Bulut, C. Çifci, ODÜ Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, Kasım 2020; 10 (3), 627-635 ∙ are control groups, through an impartial assignment, studying at 11th grade in an Anatolian public high school in Atasehir district of Istanbul during 2018-2019 academic year. The research enables qualitative pattern placement to support classical quantitative pattern from mixed method patterns; It was realized with nested mixed pattern model. Applications in groups were completed in the same weeks and lasted six weeks. In the research, "student opinion surveys" consisting of "attitude scale towards visual arts", "academic achievement test" and open-ended questions prepared by the researcher were utilized as a data collection tool. All quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows 24.0 package program. Descriptive analysis technique was applied in the analysis of qualitative data. In addition, students' paintings were measured and evaluated with a rubric after the application. The findings show that the project-based learning approach positively affects the academic achievements and attitudes towards the students of visual arts course. However, it is thought that students can develop some process skills in the project process. Based on the research results, it can be said that the project-based learning approach is a beneficial alternative learning method in teaching visual arts.


Ethical problems arising during fieldwork in underdeveloped societies are dealt with in terms of a clash between the representatives of different cultures and societies, and are then reduced to role conflicts of the fieldworkers and the problems of choosing between different roles. Manipulation is an essential part of the loosely-structured fragmented interview which takes its final form in stages. This method is distinguished from that of participant observation by its fragmented character. It is hypothesized that the latter method is becoming less important as research increasingly centers on problems, institutions, and categories. In the method of participant observation, manipulation also occurs and has to do with the following interrelated developments: (1) the increasing use of the loosely structured fragmented interview makes manipulation an essential tool and therefore more obvious, (2) the changing societal context in which the research is executed, and (3) the increasing doubts about a self-legitimizing science and aims and methods in anthropology and sociology. Data show that during fieldwork among industrial entrepreneurs in a small indian town informants were manipulated when the fieldworker played different roles in different situations. It is also shown that the fieldworker is manipulated by his informants in an effort to achieve their goals. It is further hypothesized that nonwestern societies offer possibilities which make data collection easier than in one's own country. An ethical code is hardly possible unless several types of research are forbidden. Modified AA.


The similar theory is the key clue of simulating experiment and the large tectophysics simulating experiment system is an integrated electromechanical system used for geologic modeling experiment.On the basis of analyzing the main geological structure phenomenon and origin,it summarizes the stressing and distorting rule of geologic body from aspect of dynamics and kinesiology and brings up the requisite basic functions of mechanics loading unit of the experiment apparatus.In addition,the overall project design as well as the structure design of every subsystem is accomplished according to the similarity principles.According to the function analyzed by experiment apparatus,the distributed motion control system based on programmable controller was developed in detail,which adopted dispersed control as well as concentrated management,on the principle of optimization and combination.At last,some standard tectophysics simulating experiments under different stress conditions were did,which improve that the experiment apparatus runs well and meets the request of the tectophysics simulation.The method provides a new technical means and Experiment Platform for the tectophysics simulation experiment.


Each method for storing information on the optical disc (1) having at least one track (10) having a predetermined storage area (Z) having a predetermined storage capacity is described. Data forms an encoded with ECC block (60). ECC block (60) is subdivided into a plurality of blocks zones (61,62,63,64,65). Each block area is written to the disk of the plurality of micro-sessions. The block area, reading field (LF) is preceded, trailing field (TF) is followed. The first block section (61) run-in field (RIF) precedes the ECC block, a run-out field (ROF) is followed in the last block area of the ECC block (65). That advantage may be the capacity of the power capacitor (24) supplying power to writing means (23) during each write micro session is reduced, thus, it is possible that the physical sizes is reduced it is.


The present invention relates to the field of air-conditioning energy-saving technologies, especially in the heat pump air conditioning units in the cold regions of heating when using enhanced flasher. According to the technical solution provided by the invention, the bottom wall of the tank has a flash tube, which has inserted inside the inlet tube in the flash tank wall, the inlet tube inlet end opening up set in the flash tank wall section inserted therein has a trachea, a tracheal opening up an outlet end disposed in the flash tank, the heating is provided extending into the inner wall in the flash tank tube. Use of the present invention enables the heat pump unit run more stable and reliable in low temperature environment, work efficiency is greatly improved, and thus play a role in energy conservation.


A reimaging F/1.0 long-wavelength infrared optical system is proposed. The design has a flexible opto-mechanical layout. The design process is as follows. Firstly, the catadioptric reimaging system consists of two reflecting mirrors and a relay lenses. Two reflecting mirrors make up of the first imaging system and are therefore free of chromatic aberrations, while low dispersion lenses were used in the reimaging system, so the optical system do not need achromatic design for a high image quality. Then, to correct high-order aberrations resulting from large relative aperture, more parameters need to be used with aspheric or diffractive surfaces due to modern optic technology development. Here, aspheric is selected for easily manufacture. Finally, the design is completed with the help of ZEMAX software. The effective focal length of the objective is 120mm and the field of view (FOV) is 4°. The simulated final design shows adequate image quality and the modulation transfer function (MTF) is close to diffraction limit. The effect of the surrounding environmental temperature is analyzed using the concept of thermal defocusing, and the thermal compensation is discussed.


The goals of this paper are to present criteria, that allow to a priori quantify the attack stability of real world correlated networks of finite size and to check how these criteria correspond to analytic results available for infinite uncorrelated networks. As a case study, we consider public transportation networks (PTN) of several major cities of the world. To analyze their resilience against attacks, either the network nodes or edges are removed in specific sequences (attack scenarios). During each scenario the size S(c) of the largest remaining network component is observed as function of the removed share c of nodes or edges. To quantify the PTN stability with respect to different attack scenarios we use the area below the curve described by S(c) for c ∈ [0, 1] recently introduced (Schneider, C. M. et al. [PNAS 108 (2011) 3838]) as a numerical measure of network robustness. This measure captures the network reaction over the whole attack sequence. We present results of the analysis of PTN stability against node and link-targeted attacks.


Abstract A simple proton nuclear magnetic resonance (PMR) spectroscopic method was developed for the quantitative determination of pipobroman in commercial tablets. Deuterochloroform was used as the PMR solvent and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane served as the internal standard. The mean ± SD recovery value of pipobroman from synthetic formulations was 99.3 ± 0.49% of the added amount (n=9), with a coefficient of variation of 0.5%, The mean content of pipobroman in a group of commercial individual tablets was 99.2% by the PMR method and 99.7% by the titrimetric method of USP XX (n=11)


Dear Editor, I read with great interest your comments regarding the recent guidelines provided by the American Heart Association for the prevention of infective endocarditis. In this statement, experts representing the American Heart Association extensively analysed the literature on procedure-related bacteraemia and infective endocarditis, results of prophylactic studies in animals, and retrospective and prospective studies of the prevention of infective endocarditis. The committee stated that the risk of bacteraemia from routine daily activities is much higher than that resulting from a dental procedure. They pointed out that the absolute risk of infective endocarditis from a dental procedure is exceedingly rare, so the number of cases that could be prevented by antibiotic prophylaxis is similarly small. They also concluded that prophylaxis against infective endocarditis for dental procedures is reasonable only for patients with cardiac conditions associated with known higher risks. The committee, however, reported only data relative to antibiotic prophylaxis, and did not consider data relative to prophylaxis in the setting of percutaneous closure of defects in patients with congenitally malformed hearts. In particular, they did not consider that closure of a persistently patent arterial duct may provide an alternative means of preventing bacterial endoarteritis. Such percutaneous closure has proven to be safe and effective. Transcatheter occlusion also has a significant advantage over antibiotic prophylaxis, since it could nullify over a lifetime the risk produced by bacteraemia due not only to dental procedures but also from routine daily activities. If antibiotic prophylaxis is not indicated in such patients, would prophylaxis produced by percutaneous closure be worthwhile? Or, if antibiotic prophylaxis is not indicated in patients with a persistently patent arterial duct, would percutaneous closure itself be contra-indicated? I am anxious to learn the opinion of the Editor-in-Chief regarding this issue?


ABSTRACT Hydro-distillation (HD) has been widely used in the extraction of essential oil, yet it is a low efficient method that consumes time and energy. In this work, A. malaccensis' oils have been extracted using subcritical water extraction (SCWE) from its leaves to determine the optimum parameters using analysis of variance. Quadratic model was deduced to be most suitable to analyze SCWE parameters. Regression analysis indicated that interaction of temperature and reaction time parameters exerted great influence on the yield. Kinetic modeling was conducted to study SCWE's mechanism, and second-order model was concluded to be the best model for SCWE. Optimum extraction conditions of essential oil were 156°C, 0.2 w/w, 25 min. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy characterization was conducted and results indicated that the quality of A. malaccensis' leaves oils extracted by SCWE significantly improved compared to previous studies. Additionally, the essential oils extracted by SCWE contained several value-added compounds useful in medicine such as furfural and guaiacol. Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda on the leaves samples provided further evidence for better performance of SCWE, as the sample's pores, cell walls, cellulose, and hemicellulose were more damaged. The result showed that compared to extraction yield of HD method, that of SCWE was 2.5 times higher, while the requiring time was 8.4 times shorter. Therefore, it was concluded that SCWE is a better extraction method in terms of time, efficiency, yield, and quality.


This paper tells about some experiences driven with young pupil s in the Nante s area. The implicit and explicit ideas used by teen-agers are also developed . The knowledge and pratice of local places have to be enhanced in order to shape their sense of citizenship. One has to be a citizen of his own city to be a citizen of the world . Mots-Clés : Citoyenneté , Didactique, Identité , Paysage s urbains , Nantes .


We consider a model of the Riemann zeta function on the critical axis and study its maximum over intervals of length (log T ) θ , where θ is either fixed or tends to zero at a suitable rate. It is shown that the deterministic level of the maximum interpolates smoothly between the ones of log-correlated variables and of i.i.d. random variables, exhibiting a smooth transition 'from 3 4 to 14 ' in the second order. This provides a natural context where extreme value statistics of log-correlated variables with time-dependent variance and rate occur. A key ingredient of the proof is a precise upper tail tightness estimate for the maximum of the model on intervals of size one, that includes a Gaussian correction. This correction is expected to be present for the Riemann zeta function and pertains to the question of the correct order of the maximum of the zeta function in large intervals.


According to the condition of Pansan mine 12418 Fully-Mechanized Face thick sandstone hard roof,carry out the technology research for the deep hole pre-splitting blasting forced roof caving,the research results show that through implementing forced roof caving measure the first weighting interval and the periodic weighting interval of roof are significantly reduce,strata behaviors of working face is alleviating,working face presents the phenomenon of obvious large and small of periodic pressure,strata behaviors of large pressure is moderating by super deep hole pre-splitting blasting in the two troughs roadway;the coalmine methane pumping grains well meet the requirement of the super deep hole pre-splitting blasting;hydraulic support working resistance enhancing from 6400KN to 10800KN,greatly satisfy the needs of working face safety and efficiency production.


Dielectric constants \varepsilon, viscosities h, refractive indices n and densities d have been measured over the entire mole fraction range for the water - methyl, ethyl, n-propyl alcohol binary systems at 298.15 K. From the experimental data excess dielectric constants \varepsilonE, excess viscosities hE and Kirkwood correlation factors gk have been calculated and studied. Their behaviour suggests the existence of intermolecular interactions and plotted curves show that excess dielectric constant and gk values decrease with the increasing of carbon atom number, while excess viscosity increases.


The research presents WebPages design for UNAAB Postgraduate School based on the use of HTML and Java script language code. This is to ensure that the school has a place on the web (the internet) where people across the world would be able to access the institution. The site thus will be an information source pull about the institution, programmes available, manpower resources, research activities and educational contribution to knowledge. It will assist a lot in achieving most of the school goal and also serves as publicizing the services of the Postgraduate School aspect of the university. The use of HTML with Java script is to compare their. Efficiencies when used for web design, in terms of space required, time of accessing, link type (whether equally distributed or not), time of searching for an information and the likes. The conclusion was based on fact that HTML is more efficient than Java, nevertheless Java is needed to add some features to the WebPages like animation, effect creation and make the pages more interactive. Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer is the web browser used for the study.


Objective:To evaluate the image quality and clinical value of single-dose three-dimensoinal dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography(3D DCE-MRA) of the renal arteries.Methods:Sixty patients suspected of renal artery stenosis were divided randomly into group A(n=30) and group B(n=30).Threedimensional fast low-angle shot sequences(FLASH) was performed after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine(average dose,group A 0.11mmol/kg;group B 0.2mmol/kg).Synchronization of contrast material administration with data acquisition was achieved with a 1-ml test dose of contrst material to estimate circulation time of contrast agent.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and contrastto-noise ratio(CNR) of the source images of group A and group B were compared. The image quality of maximum intensity projection(MIP) was assessed.Results:The SNRs in the renal artery were 45.3±17.2(group A) and 49.6±20.1(group B).The CNRs were 37.6±15.6(group A) and 39.7±18.5(group B).There were no significant differences(P0.05).No statistically significant difference in MIP image quality between two groups was found,too.In 12 cases,14 stenosed renal arteries were identified with single-dose 3D DCE-MRA.Conclusion:Single-dose 3D DCE-MRA of the renal arteries can clearly reveal renal arteries and fully meet clinical diagnostic demand.


Due to the rapid response required in many manufacturing companies, the fixture design principles must be integrated and properly detailed so as to facilitate the fast design development of an optimization methods and various approaches used in fixture design problems are discussed in this paper. Then an Overview of applications of evolutionary algorithms to different domains os fixture design problems is given. The paper presents here the main features of genetic algorithm and its application in defining cost of an assembly fixture design.


Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in India not only because it causes considerable suffering, deformity and disability but also due to social stigma and economic loss associated with it. The Government of India in 2004 began a nationwide mass drug administration (MDA) campaign in all the known endemic districts with the aim of eliminating it as a public health problem. However, even after a decade, uncertainty prevails about the coverage and compliance to MDA. Objectives of the study were to estimate coverage and compliance to mass drug administration (MDA) in Bidar district and to identify the various reasons for non-compliance to MDA.Methods: A cross sectional evaluation survey was conducted in the month of September 2016 in Bidar district using multi-stage cluster sampling technique. A total of 744 subjects were interviewed and information was collected in a predesigned questionnaire after taking an informed consent. Data thus obtained were entered and analyzed using Epi info software version 3.5.4.Results: The coverage, compliance and effective compliance to MDA in Bidar district were 82.1%, 72.3% and 59.4% respectively. The most common reasons for non-compliance to MDA were fear of side reactions followed by suffering from other chronic diseases and having no faith in tablets. The most common side reactions associated with drug intake were vomiting and fever.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates poor compliance to MDA in Bidar district despite good coverage, indicating an urgent need to revitalize the programme implementation.


An asynchronous access system includes a system bus, at least one processing module provided with a main memory, a central processing unit and a first connection unit which connects to the system bus, and at least one shared memory module provided with a shared memory unit and a second connection unit which connects to the system bus. The first connection unit within the processing module makes a block read request to the shared memory module via the system bus when the first connection unit recognizes a read from the shared memory module requested from the central processing unit. The first connection unit within the processing module comprises an internal bus, an internal buffer storing data read from the shared memory module, a system bus control circuit coupled to the system bus, an internal bus control circuit coupled to the central processing unit via the internal bus, and an internal buffer control circuit controlling write/read of the internal buffer based on a signal from the internal bus control circuit. One of the internal buffer control circuit and the internal bus control circuit invalidates a content of the internal buffer when one of a plurality of invalidating conditions is satisfied.


Many scholars have been studied the reasonable str uc tural form of bridge in high-speed railway and got a lot of valuable conclusion s.But most of their work are focused on the straight girder bridges.In this pape r we discuss the reasonable structural form about curved girder bridges in high -speed railway.


b Second '' ......................... c Third " ......................... d Fourth and Fifth Qunrtets ....... 3. Special Considerations. ............... n I'rototroch ........................... b Variations in Clcnvage ............ c Equal and Unequal Cleavage ..................................... 11. CASTRWLATIOH TO '~ROCHOPHORE.. ................................................ . . I. Gastrulation ........................................................ 2. Closure of the Ulastopre ..................................................... 195


The aim of this study is in analysing the relationship of the conception of experience and education in John Dewey
For the first, we need to...


graduates completed the survey creating a 95.1% response rate. The Office of Career Strategy also contacted respondents six months after graduation to update their information. As a result of this survey, the Office of Career Strategy released a 2014 Class List to enable graduates to remain in touch after graduation. It is important to note that not every respondent answered every question. It is also notable that a very small number of respondents reported more than one destination after graduation, such as an individual working full-time while attending graduate school part-time. When asked about their expected plans for the fall following graduation almost three-quarters (74.2%) of respondents intend to be working, with the next largest group (17.0%) planning to attend graduate school. Those not attending graduate school immediately were asked if they intend to enroll in a graduate program within the next five years; 82.2% indicated they intend to pursue graduate school within the next five years.


A novel digital differentiator is introduced. The proposed differentiator is a stable second-order recursive differentiator suitable for applications that require fast differentiation methods. It is obtained from the Simpson integration rule. The accuracy and the range of the magnitude response of the proposed differentiator is the same as that of the Simpson integrator. Thus, it is comparable to that obtained by higher order algorithms. In addition, the resulting differentiator has an almost linear phase at low frequencies. >


The invention relates to a sleeving type artificial tooth combination capable of replacing natural teeth of a person during eating, which is a set of artificial teeth row, wherein the set of artificial teeth row is respectively sleeved on an upper teethridge and a lower teethridge of the oral cavity of a person, and tightly close to the upper teethridge and the lower teethridge, and a part of an artificial tooth chamber is just longer than the chamber of the natural tooth, thus the artificial tooth combination firstly contacts with food and cuts off the food to chaw, the natural teeth stand idle to be protected, thus the ill teeth can be reduced and prevented. The structure of the sleeving type artificial tooth combination disclosed by the invention is similar to the structure of the modern complete set of false teeth, the sleeving type artificial tooth combination is slightly thinner and denser compared with the common baked porcelain teeth and the real teeth. A resin glue sleeve connected with a tooth bracket is light, thin, soft and transparent, is rich in elasticity and has suitable tension; and the resin glue sleeve is convenient to put on and take down, in particular suitable for aged and elderly people to use at dinner time.


There are three major potential advantages obtained when the supplementing coal with solid-waste fuels; they are: reduce solid-waste disposal problems; reduce total plant SO/sub 2/ emissions; lower total fuel cost. While there are many possible waste fuel-cost combinations that achieved the desired results, several combinations produced higher SO/sub 2/ emissions or higher total fuel costs. Each boiler installation has unique site requirements. In most instances, a detailed study must be performed by an architect/engineer and/or boiler manufacturer to determine the feasibility of adding the waste fuel to an existing or new boiler. Many existing boilers may not be designed suitably for the additional waste fuel requirements. Becoming familiar with the fundamentals of combustion for waste fuel firing, in addition to the normal auxiliary requirements, will ensure that the maximum number of practical waste fuel-coal combinations are identified and implemented. 3 references, 17 figures, 6 tables.


Objective To study the protective effect of sodium pyruvate solution to intestinal barrier in Hemorrhagic shock rats by intraperitoneal resuscitation.Methods A total of 40 Male SD ratswere healthy and clean,were randomly (random number) divided into four groups:sham operation group (group Ⅰ),hemorrhagic shock model group (group Ⅱ),the recovery of the compound sodium chloride intravenous + intraperitoneal recovery of the PD-2 liquid group (group iiⅢ),the recovery of the compound sodium chloride intravenous + sodium pyruvate abdominal recovery group (group Ⅳ) (n =10).In addition to the group Ⅰ,the other three groups are used the HS model by The Wiggers improvement prepared,group Ⅲ,Ⅳ were used the same amount of intravenous recovery,At the same time to the abdominal cavity were respectively injected 20 mL 2.5% PD-2 liquid and 20 m 2.5% sodium pymvate solution.After 2 h,each group were taken arterial blood measured arterial blood gases (pH,PaCO2,PaO2) and D-lactic acid,small intestine specimens under the light microscope to observe the morphological changes of the rat small intestinal mucosa.Results Blood gas analysis:group Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly increased compared with group Ⅱ in pH levels and PaO2 content (P < 0.01),and comoared to group Ⅲ,pH levels and PO2 levels of group Ⅳ increased more significantly (P < 0.05) ; D-LA content:Group Ⅲ,Ⅳgroup is significantly lower than group Ⅱ (P < 0.01) ; compared with group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ,D-LA significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Light microscope,the group Ⅱ,the rat small intestine layer of a high degree of villous edema,submucosal vascular collapse within the lamina propria glands focal area of necrosis,and large areas of mucosal villi necrosis,defects; group Ⅲ and group Ⅳof small intestinal damage compared to group Ⅱ significantly reduced; Ⅳgroup of the rat small intestine villi edema,lodging and the degree of necrosis in group Ⅲ.Intestinal epithelial damage index score:the Ⅳ group than in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).Conclusions The venous recovery and intraperitoneal resuscitation can significantly reduce the plasma D-LA content of hemorrhagic shock in rats,correct acidosis,increase the oxygen partial pressure ; and intestinal mucosal barrier function,the protective of sodium pyruvate solution is better than the PD-2 liquid.

Key words:
Hemorrhagic shock ;  Mucosa abdominal;  Intraperitoneal resuscitation;  Pyruvate ;  D-lactic acid


Interleukin (IL)‐15 is an important proinflammatory cytokine that can protect epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) from ultraviolet‐induced apoptosis and plays a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, the impact of IL‐15 on KC differentiation remains unknown. In this study, isolated human primary epidermal KCs were treated with various concentrations of IL‐15 for different times, and the expression of differentiation markers (keratin 1, involucrin and loricrin) and p53 as well as the activation of ERK, AKT and Notch induced by IL‐15 in the absence or presence of Ca2+ was detected by real‐time PCR and Western blot. The results showed that stimulation with Ca2+ alone increased the expression of KC differentiation markers and p53 and promoted the activation of Notch1. Pretreatment with IL‐15 resulted in a decrease in the Ca2+‐induced expression of KC differentiation markers and p53. Additionally, Ca2+ continually inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and activated AKT, and IL‐15 reduced the effect of Ca2+ on ERK1/2 and AKT. FR180204, a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, slightly attenuated the effect of Ca2+ on the expression of differentiation markers and p53 and the activation of Notch1. In contrast, MK‐2206, an inhibitor of pAKT, strongly blocked the expression of the differentiation markers and p53 and the activation of Notch1. An anti‐IL‐15 antibody neutralized the effect of IL‐15 on KC differentiation. These results indicate that IL‐15 inhibits the Ca2+‐induced differentiation of KCs, mainly via the attenuation of Ca2+‐stimulated PI3K‐AKT signalling.


The paper introduces the application reasonable and the problem industrial production process of 1 400 mm aluminum strip slitting line of our company.


We consider the Navier‐Stokes equations for viscous incompressible flows in the half‐plane under the no‐slip boundary condition. By using the vorticity formulation we prove the local‐in‐time convergence of the Navier‐Stokes flows to the Euler flows outside a boundary layer and to the Prandtl flows in the boundary layer in the inviscid limit when the initial vorticity is located away from the boundary. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


One of the major difficulties in designing cross directional (CD) control systems for web processes is to make the control design robust to the high levels of uncertainty in the shape of the cross-directional response of the actuators. This paper shows how a number of approaches to minimum variance control can be regarded as versions of the same underlying control strategy but using different basis function expansions. These basis function expansions can be used to analyse the robustness of the CD control systems to modelling errors. Results from a typical response for controlling basis weight on a paper machine indicate that spline based methods (including the commonly used technique of averaging CD variations over zones) are significantly less robust than controllers that use other basis function expansions.


A systematic survey was conducted to study the launal composition of scarabaeids damaging rose in and around Bangalore (Karnataka) during 1998–99. Thirteen species of scarabaeids were recorded on rose from different parts of Bangalore. They were identified to their respective genera and sub families, four genera under sub family Melolonthinae, three under Rutelinae and three under Cetoniinae. A brief description of adults, their distribution and host range are given for each species.


Oocyte maturation in vivo is a highly orchestrated, induced process, whereby 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated meiotic arrest is overridden by the gonadotrophin surge prior to ovulation. However, in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes resume maturation spontaneously hence compromising developmental competence. Hence we hypothesized that establishing an induced system in vitro would synchronise oocyte-somatic cell communication leading to improved oocyte quality. Bovine or mouse oocytes were treated for the first 1-2 h in vitro with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and a non-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, IBMX, which substantially increased cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) cAMP (180 vs. 2 fmol/ COC , treated vs. control, P<0.001) to in vivo physiological levels. To maintain oocyte cAMP levels and prevent precocious oocyte maturation, oocytes were then cultured with an oocyte-specific (type 3) PDE inhibitor, cilostamide. The net effect of this system ("Induced IVM") was to increase oocyte-somatic cell gap-junctional communication (bovine: 1000±148 vs. 340±73 units; treated vs. control, p<0.05) and to slow meiotic progression through prophase I to metaphase II, extending the normal IVM interval (bovine: 30 vs. 24h, mouse: 22 vs. 18 h; treated vs. control). These effects on oocyte and somatic cell functions had profound consequences for oocyte developmental potential. In bovine, Induced IVM more than doubled embryo yield (69% vs. 27%; treated vs. control, p<0.05). In mouse, Induced IVM increased blastocyst rate (86% vs. 55%; treated vs. control, p<0.05), implantation rate (51 vs. 25%), fetal survival rate (29% vs. 5%) and fetal weight (0.9g vs. 0.5g, p<0.01). All these developmental outcomes in mice were restored, by using Induced IVM, to levels obtained from in vivo matured control oocytes (conventional IVF). In conclusion, Induced IVM mimics some of the characteristics of oocyte maturation in vivo and substantially improves oocyte developmental outcomes. This should lead to an increase in the use of this technique in reproductive biotechnologies.


A system to test aging and environmental effects in flowing helium with impurity content representative of the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) has been designed and assembled. The system will be used to expose microstructure analysis coupons and mechanical test specimens for up to 5,000 hours in helium containing potentially oxidizing or carburizing impurities controlled to parts per million levels. Impurity levels in the flowing helium are controlled through a feedback mechanism based on gas chromatography measurements of the gas chemistry at the inlet and exit from a high temperature retort containing the test materials. Initial testing will focus on determining the nature and extent of combined aging and environmental effects on microstructure and elevated temperature mechanical properties of alloys proposed for structural applications in the NGNP, including Inconel 617 and Haynes 230.


An electroluminescent device was constructed using tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum as an emitting layer and metallophthalocyanine as a hole-transfer layer. When the metallophthalocyanine layer is sufficiently thin, the device shows a brightness of more than 1000 cd m−2. The device using double hole-transfer layers of two kinds of metallophthalocyanine exhibits a higher brightness than that using a single hole-transfer layer of the corresponding metallophthalocyanine. This phenomenon is well explained by the accelerated hole transfer in the double layer due to the construction of a "sequential potential field."


T21th century will be a century of informational society and knowledge, were information and knowledges will play a decisive role in economic growth on modelling, build and assertion of individual personality for world countries. Knowledge society represent climax of development for human society, where knowledge is last and highest fundamental source fo social power, succeeding other source who emphasize growth for human society- violence (force) and wealth (money). She confirm famous dictum sayed by Francis Bancon over 3 centuries ago: "knowledge is power."


Objective: Angiogenesis is crucial to maintain tissue homeostasis under nutrient and oxygen deprivation (ischemia). Although considerable evidence supports that angiogenesis is regulated by hypoxia-HIF1α induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the role of nutrient deprivation in angiogenesis is poorly defined. Approach and Results: We report that nutrient deprivation in the form of dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (Methionine/cysteine Restriction; MR) promotes VEGF expression and functional growth of new capillaries in skeletal muscle of mice (Fig.1 A, B). This occurred independently of hypoxia or HIF1α, but instead required the amino acid-sensing eIF2α kinase GCN2 and the transcription factor ATF4 (Fig. 1C). In addition to increased VEGF, nutrient deprivation boosted production of the pro-angiogenic gas hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) via increased GCN2/ATF4-dependent expression of the H 2 S-generating enzyme cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CGL). The genetic requirement for CGL in angiogenesis triggered by nutrient deprivation, exercise or local VEGF overexpression, as well as the ability of local CGL overexpression to promote angiogenesis in vivo, revealed the critical importance of CGL-derived H 2 S in angiogenesis (Fig. 1D). Finally, plasma H 2 S was reduced in patients with vascular disease (versus non-diseased age-matched controls), and correlated with 2-year survival following vascular surgery (Fig.1 E, F). Conclusions: These data reveal a nutrient-sensing pathway targetable by diet as a previously unrecognized central regulator of VEGF expression and angiogenesis independent of canonical hypoxic signaling. This discovery points to novel dietary interventions and GCN2/ATF4/CGL/H 2 S-based strategies to manipulate angiogenesis. Figure 1


Fracture of electrode particles due to diffusion-induced stress has been implicated as a possible mechanism for capacity fade and impedance growth in lithium-ion batteries. In brittle materials, including many lithium intercalation materials, knowledge of the stress profile is necessary but insufficient to predict fracture events. We derive a fracture mechanics failure criterion for individual electrode particles and demonstrate its utility with a model system, galvanostatic charging of Li x Mn 2 O 4 . Fracture mechanics predicts a critical C-rate above which active particles fracture; this critical C-rate decreases with increasing particle size. We produce an electrochemical shock map, a graphical tool that shows regimes of failure depending on C-rate, particle size, and the material's inherent fracture toughness K Ic . Fracture dynamics are sensitive to the gradient of diffusion-induced stresses at the crack tip; as a consequence, small initial flaws grow unstably and are therefore potentially more damaging than larger initial flaws, which grow stably.


THE FLOODLIGHTING OF PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS, AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF STOP SIGNS AND THE INCORPORATION OF A THIRD EXCLUSIVE 'WALK' PHASE IN A SIMPLE TWO-PHASE SIGNAL CONTROL AT CENTRAL CITY INTERSECTIONS HAVE BEEN THE SUBJECTS OF STUDIES CARRIED OUT IN PERTH. THE RESULTS OF THESE STUDIES ARE DISCUSSED IN THIS PAPER. /A/


The power spectral analysis of heart rate variability was performed to evaluate effects of orthostatic stress with head-up tilt on autonomic nervous system for 25 healthy male subjects (age: 24±5 yr.) and a new method was proposed to assess the autonomic balance. The ECG and respiration signals were recorded at tilt angles of 0", 45", 90" and 0" successively for 10 minutes per each stage under the condition of frequency controlled respiration (0.25Hz). Heart rate gradually increased as the angle increased. Similarly, according to the increment of angle, normalized low frequency component (0.05-0.15Hz) gradually increased, whereas normalized high frequency component (0.20-0.30Hz) was reduced. From these results it is speculated that orthostatic stress, head-up tilt, results in the prevalence of sympathetic tone in autonomic balance with the increment of sympathetic tone and the decrement of parasympathetic tone, which seems to mean that autonomic nervous system plays a major role in compensating for disturbances of cardiovascular system due to it.


Abstract: A neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of cholinergic parasympathetic ciliary neurons has been purified ∼20,000‐fold from bovine cardiac tissue under nondenaturing conditions using heparin‐affinity chromatography. Up to 22 μg of purified factor having a specific activity of 4 × 105 trophic units/mg can be obtained from 250 g of heart muscle. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐polyacrylamide gels of the purified material show a broad band that is sometimes resolvable into a closely spaced pair of bands of 22 and 23 kilodaltons. Partially purified factor can be resolved into two peaks of activity (pI 5.6 and 5.0) by highresolution anion‐exchange chromatography and chromato focusing, although these procedures have not proved useful as purification methods because of the large losses of activity incurred. It is likely that these two peaks represent the two bands seen on SDS‐polyacrylamide gels. The bovine cardiac factor(s) differs from similar factors purified from chick optic tissues and pig brain in that it is irreversibly denatured by SDS.


General practices have been urged by the BMA to start planning for the financial impact of the government's proposed changes to the general medical services (GMS) contract, which will come into effect from 2013-14.1

The BMA's General Practitioners Committee has estimated that the contract changes being forced through by the government could cost the average practice in England £31 000 a year. …


Objective To determine the content of Pb,As,Hg and Cd in five kinds of traditional Chinese medicines,safflower,licorice root,Fritillaria cirrhosa,Hippophae rhamnoides and Vernonia anthelmintica collected in Xinjiang,to provide scientific basis for quality control and clinical safe medication of the Chinese crude drugs.Methods Samples were digested with microwave digestion system,and contents of As,Hg,Pb and Cd were directly by atomic fluorescent spectrometry.Results For all of the analyzed heavy metals,the correlative coefficient of their calibration curves were 0.999 42,0.999 50,0.999 51,0.999 52,respectively.The contents of As,Hg,Pb and Cd in the five traditional Chinese medicines were normal,and accorded with regulations of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.Conclusions The method is convenient,quick,accurate and highly sensitive,and can be applied to determine heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines with satisfactory results.