American customer satisfaction index (ACSI) system, which was e stablished in USA in 1994, is currently the most commonly accepted and adopted system in the measurement of customer satisfaction (CS). The customer satisfaction index (CSI) system in China is not created yet, so the CS of our university education is studied, and focusing on the issue of "customer quality" in CSI model. Through questionnaire and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the factor score and weight coefficient of the undergraduates' quality of University "T" are calculated, measurement of student's expectation quality is decided. It is expected that the study presented here can become the base of constructing the CSI system of China university education.


The theory of conformal changes of Finsler metrics has been studied by M. Hashiguchi [2] in 1976 and some of the Japanese school have directed their efforts to find conformally invariant curvature tensors similar to the Weyl conformal curvature tensor of a Riemannian space and to establish the condition for a Finsler space to be conformally flat. Finally, about five years ago, S.Kikuchi [6] succeeded in finding a conformally invariant Finsler connection and giving the conformally flat condition. We have, however, a strange and objectionable in Kikuchi's theory. His conformally invariant connection can be only defined on an essential assumption. Whether this assumption holds or not in a Finsler space under consideration poses newly a difficult problem. Since we have not a conformally invariant connection in the Riemannian case, the assumption is, of course, not satisfied by any Riemannian space. About ten years ago, Y.Ichijyo and M.Hashiguchi [5] defined a conformally invariant Finsler connection in a Finsler space with (α, β)–metric, where α = (aij(x)y y) is a Riemannian metric and β = bi(x)y i is a one-form in y, on the assumption b = abibj 6= 0. They gave the condition for a Randers space with the metric α + β to be conformally flat based on their connection. M.Matsumoto [11] showed that their theory can be applied to a Kropina space with the metric α/β. The main purpose of the present paper is to consider Kikuchi's conformally invariant Finsler connections of Finsler spaces with (α, β)–metric. Since our main interest is Kikuchi's assumption, it is sufficient to stop our studies halfway to Finsler spaces conformal to locally Minkowski spaces. Thus we shall propose a new notion of conformally Berwald Finsler space. Mathematics Subject Classification: 53C05, 53C60


5 p. transcript of an interview with William Beaver, conducted by an unknown interviewer on January 16, 1973. Tape number IH.256, transcript disc 24.


Scientists have found tantalizing evidence that diverse biological systems, including the human brain, gene expression networks, bird flocks, and fish schools, behave as though they are near the "critical point" of a phase transition, like correlated spins in a magnet on the verge of ordering. In flocks of starlings, for example, the velocity fluctuations of two distant birds mutually influence each other. Such "scale-free" correlations, which occur on all possible length scales in the flock, are a hallmark of criticality. The idea that biological systems could be described by the physics of phase transitions is exciting, as it could point to a common organizing principle in the evolution of seemingly different biological structures [1]. But direct evidence for this idea, which first emerged two decades ago [2, 3], remains relatively scarce [4]. Now, a statistical study of insect swarms by Alessandro Attanasi and his colleagues at the University "La Sapienza" of Rome in Italy provides new evidence in support of this picture [5]. The researchers used video to track the trajectories of hundreds of swarming midges (a type of small fly commonly found in cities). By analyzing the statistical properties of trajectories in swarms of different sizes, they show that midges exhibit the same scale-free correlations as flocking starlings, and argue that the swarms appear to always be poised at a critical point.


At present what could be done in doing a researching on the basic principles of constitution in China is to introduce western ones.In fact these basic principles of constitution are consistent logically,which makes them be practical.In our constitution the provisions of basic principles is not comprehensive.After being amended four times,its provisions are improved gradually.But we should understand and study deeply these principles further.


This paper analyzes the relevant problems in using the new version of the standard form of contract for construction based on the construction practice in our country. When the construction contract is prepared, all the issues discussed in this paper should be reasonably considered for the proper definition of the contract risks and lowering the probability of arising disputes because of the defects of the contract.


The effects of extrusion temperature and speed on structure stripe of aluminum profiles are investigated by analysis of microstructure and inspection of surface quality of the profiles.The results show that when the extrusion speed is over 12m/min,the defect of structure strip will deepen.When the extrusion speed is 17m/min,the defect is more visible.Too low extrusion temperature leads to non-uniform size and distribution of dynamic recrystallization grains,thus deepening the defect of structure strip.Too high extrusion temperature or speed results in inhomogeneity of the metal flow at the part where wall thickness changes,causing the non-uniformity of structure distribution and deepening the defect of structure strip.The best condition is when the extrusion temperature is at 490 ℃ and speed at 12m/min


In this work, we subject bi- and terpyrenyls to selective fusion for formation of extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Connecting the pyrene units at 4-4'- or 1-4'-positions led to smooth formation of extended PAHs, achieved via cyclodehydrogenation. This is far more difficult if pyrene is coupled in the 1,1'-position.


With the development of integrated circuit design technology, soft errors have become an important threat to system reliability, and software-based fault-tolerant techniques are gradually attracting people's attention. In many cases, researchers use fault injection techniques that are less observable and less controllable to verify system reliability, and at this point, analysing where soft errors occur requires considerable work. In this paper, we present EBSCN, an error backtracking method. The EBSCN method sorts functions by suspiciousness by analysing the erroneous output results, which will help researchers reduce the amount of work required for analysis. The EBSCN method includes a feature extraction method based on clustering and a feature analysis method based on a deep neural network. This paper introduces the principle of the two methods as well as methods to improve and extend them with program-related information. We discuss the effect of the scale of the output result and the severity of the error on the EBSCN method through experiments and verify the effect of the EBSCN method. The results showed that the proportion of the function in which the soft error actually occurs in the ranking of the top 25% of the suspiciousness sequence is no less than 82%, and the proportion ranked in the top 50% is no less than 97%.


Localization of wireless nodes is widely used in automation. Time difference of arrival (TDOA)-based schemes have a good trade-off between implementation effort and attainable precision. Calculating the position of the mobile nodes is challenging due to a hyperbolic multilateration problem where the geometry between reference and mobile nodes is often degenerate. For unsuitable initial positions, iterative algorithms can fail, which favors direct methods. Exact direct methods are computationally efficient, but due to geometric ambiguities they can give a valid pair of solutions. In this work, we present a generally applicable divide and conquer approach which resolves these ambiguities and does not require an initial position.


There is an advantage that RFID system is better than previous bar code system in storage ability and noncontact property. But, everyone can easily receive the transmitting information by using RF signal. So, there is a problem that system security and personal privacy are threatened. In this paper, I propose RFID system that is secure against attacks like eavesdropping, replay, spoofing and location tracking and can efficiently provide mutual authentication services between reader and tag. The proposed RFID system can be used in various sections of ubiquitous computing environment.


In young children with renal artery stenosis the applicability of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is limited by the small vessel size. We report our experience in a 15-month-old girl with severe hypertension, who underwent successful balloon dilatation of a tight renal artery stenosis caused by ®bromuscular dysplasia. The procedure was performed using the guided co-axial balloon catheter technique with a 6 F right coronary Judkins catheter, a 0.014¢¢ guidewire and a 2 mm coronary artery balloon dilatation catheter. Antihypertensive medication was discontinued 6 weeks after the procedure. During a follow up period of 11 months, Doppler sonography revealed no evidence of recurrent renal artery stenosis. Conclusion Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of renal artery stenosis can be performed safely in young children using equipment originally designed for treatment of coronary artery stenosis in adults.


The cybersecurity industry is facing a significant shortage of professionals to fill open positions, with a projected staffing shortage of 1.8 million jobs worldwide by 2022. Part of this shortage can be attributed to the underrepresentation of women in the field. This research addresses the gender gap in cybersecurity by exploring the perceptions of students in cybersecurity programs about the differences between men and women in terms of the challenges they will face in pursuing a career in this field and the role of mentorship in attracting and retaining professionals in the field. Researchers conducted a set of focus groups with a total of 25 students to explore these issues. A key finding indicates that while stereotypes of a male-dominated field and gender-related challenges still exist, no gender difference or bias was reported or observed by students in their classes or workplace internships. Another key finding notes that students found peer mentorship to be one of the most valuable aspects of their cybersecurity programs and aspiring careers in the field. A set of recommendations is presented to aid in addressing all challenges identified and to suggest solutions for improving mentorship opportunities.


High resolution sonars are required to detect and classify mines on the sea-bed. Synthetic aperture sonar increases the sonar cross range resolution by several orders of magnitudes while maintaining or increasing the area search rate. The resolution is however strongly dependent on the precision with which the motion errors of the platform can be estimated. The term micro-navigation is used to describe this very special requirement for sub-wavelength relative positioning of the platform. Therefore algorithms were designed to estimate those motion errors and to correct for them during the (ω, k)-reconstruction phase. To validate the quality of the motion estimation algorithms a single transmitter/multiple receiver simulator was build, allowing to generate multiple point targets with or without surge and/or sway and/or yaw motion errors. The surge motion estimation is shown on real data, which were taken during a sea trial in November of 2003 with the low frequency (12 kHz) side scan sonar (LFSS) moving on a rail positioned on the sea-bed near Marciana Marina on the Elba Island, Italy.


Cold rolling behaviours of a commercial pure titanium have been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. The results indicates: (1) In cold rolled titanium, there are a number of tangled dislocations which have often been observed in cold worked face centered cubic metals. (2) In 16.7% cold rolled Ti, imperfect structures with a high concentration of tangled dislocations were observed and a great number of uniformly distributing dislocation loops were observed. They were also observed in 50.0% rolled Ti. (Received September 23. 1963)


Grievances occur in every workplace and handling them properly is important for maintaining a harmonious and productive work environment. Grievance management is all about how well the problems are addressed (and solved). It is very essential in the present world. Now-a-days there are many companies who declare that their human resources are their most important assets and it is no more human resources but Human Capital. Hence these statements are to be verified whether it is true or not. This can be done by measuring how faster the employees problems are addressed and solved. If it is done faster, then it can be concluded by saying that the employee concern is significantly present in the organization. The grievances of the employees are related to the contract, work rule or regulation, policy or procedure, health and safety regulation, past practice, changing the cultural norms unilaterally, individual victimization, wage, bonus, etc. Here, the attitude on the part of management in their effort to understand the problems of employees and resolve the issues amicably have better probability to maintain a culture of high performance. Managers must be educated about the importance of the grievance process and their role in maintaining favorable relations with the union. Effective grievance handling is an essential part of cultivating good employee relations and running a fair, successful, and productive workplace. Positive labor relations are two-way street both sides must give a little and try to work together. Relationship building is the key to successful labor relations.


The impact resistance of concrete is considered as poor due to a relatively energy dissipating characteristics and tensile strength. Therefore, this paper investigates the feasibility of using polypropylene fibers PF to enhance punching shear capacity of reinforced concrete RC two‐way slabs subjected to drop‐weight impacts. The evaluated parameters included two slab thickness 70 mm and 90 mm , five different PF per‐ centages 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, and 1.2% , and two impact load height 1.2 m and 2.4 m . The tested slabs divided into three groups: not subjected to impact load, subjected to im‐ pact load at a height of 1.2 m, and subjected to impact load at a height of 2.4 m, resulting in a total of 25 slabs. The behavior of each two‐way RC slab was evaluated in terms of the crack patterns, ultimate punching shear capacity. The present ex‐ perimental data can be used for further assessment of the performance of PF reinforced concretes two‐way slabs as well as providing a well‐documented dataset related to the impact‐resistant applications which is presently limited within the literature. The results showed that adding the PF at a dosage of 0.3 to 1.2% by volume of concrete and increas‐ ing the slab thickness from 70 mm to 90 mm leads to consid‐ erable enhancement in the overall structural behavior of the slabs and their resistance to impact loading. Interestingly, the degradation in the ultimate punching capacity of the slabs subjected to impact load at a height of 1.2 and 2.4 m is 30.5% and 34.6%, respectively. Finally, an empirical model was pro‐ posed for predicting the punching shear capacity of RC two‐ way slabs based on reliable experimental results available in literature


ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine spray distribution patterns and deposition characteristics of an induction-type electrostatic spinning disc sprayer at various operating conditions. Spray distribution patterns were obtained using a spray pattemator table. Fluorometric analysis quantified tracer deposits on different elevations within aluminum targets modeled as soybean plants. Variables investigated were electrode voltage, disc rotational speed, liquid flow rate, application height, and disc tilt angle. The results showed that electrostatic charging resulted in 1.6- to 2.0-fold increase in deposition efficiency. Deposition efficiency improved as disc speed increased and deteriorated as flow rate increased. Between 2.2- to 6.5-fold relative increases in deposition was found at the intermediate and lower target levels, and between 1.1- to 1.7-fold on the top levels of the target. Leaf underside deposition occurred only at the upper levels of the target and accounted only between 4 to 10% of the total deposition. The spray distribution pattern uniformity improved while tilting the disc axis at 30° backward and utilizing two liquid feed tubes positioned 180° apart.


Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most serious fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It causes major reduction of grain yield and quality, while the safety of wheat products is at risk due to mycotoxin contaminations. To contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms governing more efficient defense strategies against FHB, an evaluation of photosynthetic efficiency was performed during different phases of infection, i.e., before visual symptoms occur, at the onset and after the development of disease symptoms. Six different winter wheat varieties were artificially inoculated with the most significant causal agents of FHB (Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum) at two different locations. Photosynthetic efficiency was assessed in flag leaves and ears of inoculated and untreated (control) plants based on measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence rise kinetics and the calculation of JIP-test parameters. Obtained results indicate that the response of wheat to Fusarium infection includes changes in photosynthetic efficiency which can encompass alternating reductions and increases in photosynthetic performance during the course of the infection in both flag leaves and ears. FHB-induced photosynthetic adjustments were shown to be somewhat variety-specific, but location was shown to be a more significant factor in modulating the response of wheat to Fusarium infection. Changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence rise kinetics could be detected prior to visible symptoms of the disease. Therefore, this method could be applied for the early detection of Fusarium infection, particularly the analysis of L-band appearance, which showed a similar response in all inoculated plants, regardless of variety or location.


Abstract Ryder's morphoedaphic index (MEI: Total dissolved solids, TDS/mean lake depth) was developed empirically as a predictor of fish yield. It generally accounts for 60 to 78% of the variation (corrected sums of squares) in fish yields observed in a set of data. However, no basis for these correlations has been proven or even generally accepted. We demonstrate that two mundane relationships may be the reasons the MEI appears to be valid. Quite simply, large bodies of water tend to produce greater fish yields than small ones, and large bodies of water tend to have greater mean depths than small ones. Mean depth acts as a surrogate for surface area in the MEI; however, surface area alone is a more powerful predictor. It accounts for 94% of the variation in fish yields observed in three combined sets of data reported in the literature. The variation accounted for by the regression only increased to 95% when TDS was added as a predictor.


On the morning of 5 October 1904, two bedouin swam out from the shore of Sollum—a tiny Mediterranean outpost located along what is today's border between Egypt and Libya—to a steamship belonging to the Egyptian Coast Guard Administration (Maslahat Khafr al-Sawahil). They were received by a Coast Guard officer named Shalabi Mustafa. Suspicious of the bedouin's motives, Mustafa went ashore to investigate. Speaking directly to the Ottoman commanding officer at Sollum, he ascertained that the two bedouin were actually Ottoman spies who had been sent to search for evidence of whether the Egyptian Coast Guard intended to build a new military base by the Sollum harbor—something that the Ottomans were under strict orders to prevent from happening. At the same time, Shalabi Mustafa was alarmed to see that the Ottoman military had managed to construct a sizable garrison (karakolhane) of their own at Sollum—one that could quarter around a hundred men and would include a customs house and Ottoman "port office." This seemingly trivial episode—taking place at the westernmost reaches of Egyptian sovereignty, hundreds of miles away from Cairo—had surprising political implications. The alarming results of Shalabi Mustafa's fact-finding mission in Sollum slowly made their way up the chain of command. Mustafa's superior in the Coast Guard, a German named Andre von Dumreicher, feared that the Ottomans' renewed claim to territory around Marsa Matruh (a port town some 140 miles east along the Mediterranean coastline from Sollum) would disrupt the stream of revenue the Egyptian government had been collecting from sponge-fishing licenses, while also having a negative impact "on the minds of Bedouins" in the region. He made a strong recommendation to the acting director-general of the Egyptian Coast Guard Administration, a British subject named George Purvis Bey, that a survey commission be assembled to delimit the boundary at once. Purvis, in turn, forwarded the pertinent information about Shalabi Mustafa's voyage to the British governor-general of Egypt, Lord Cromer, who then directed Britain's ambassador in Istanbul to file a formal complaint with the Sublime Porte. Such were the events that set in motion a protracted period of international conflict over Egypt's western border, which would persist until an official boundary demarcation treaty was signed in 1925 between Egypt and Italy (Libya's colonial occupier beginning in 1911). This anecdote exemplifies the project of "decentering Egyptian history" in a few different respects. The most obvious is geographical: it draws the historian's attention far away from Cairo, focusing instead on events in one of Egypt's borderlands—which have typically been overlooked in prevailing scholarship. It is understandable that Egypt's storied capital city has loomed so large in Egyptian historiography, especially as the field has sought to emphasize Egypt's encounter with European imperialism. After all, Cairo was the center of the colonial state, where British power was at its height, as well as the primary stage for the evolution of anti-colonial nationalism in the decades prior to World War I. Yet this focus has had the unintended effect of obscuring much Egyptian history beyond the capital. Only in recent years have scholars begun to challenge Cairo-centric histories of modern Egypt; my work on Egypt's western borderland and the scholarship of the other participants in this roundtable (among other scholars) offer several


A 128×128 CMOS image compression sensor fabricated in a 0.35µm CMOS process is reported. It computes block-matrix and convolutional image transforms with digital kernels of up to 8×8 pixels directly on the focal plane. A pixel output is sampled only when the corresponding bit of the kernel coefficient is one. Bit-wise accumulation of adjacent pixel outputs in a column is performed by the switched-capacitor accumulator circuit. A column-parallel algorithmic multiplying ADC performs binary-weighted summation by adding the accumulator circuit outputs with cyclic residues of the same binary weight. The signal range is maintained by generating two bits per cycle. The imager performs three computations per pixel readout. Image compression experimental results at 30fps and 8-bit output resolution are presented.


The electronic and vibrational spectroscopy of one family of metal germanium sulfide open-framework materials, designated Cat{sub 2}FeGe{sub 4}S{sub 10} (Cat = (CH{sub 3}){sub 4}N, Cs), along with their precursor Cat{sub 4}Ge{sub 4}S{sub 10} germanium sulfide clusters have been studied. Ultraviolet-visible and mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy has been used to study the electronic states. The reflectance spectroscopy of the frameworks is dominated by the d-d transitions of the Fe(II) in a S{sub 4} symmetry site. The vibrational spectroscopy has been analyzed by Fourier transform Raman. The frameworks are weakly vibrationally coupled. Their spectra contain vibrational modes that are nearly identical in frequency to those of the isolated cluster. There is a fortuitous window in the cluster vibrations in which framework modes of the Fe(II) center can be observed. In addition computational methods have been used to model the experimental results.


Cotton field protection forest is one of the main sources of natural enemies of injurious insect of the cotton.By investigating the cotton field protection forest in Alaer district, it was found that protection forest had trapping and protecting function on overwintering of natural enemies of injurious insect of cotton.Different species had different trapping and protecting amount.The trapping effect of trees above 10 years was the best.The main natural enemies of injurious insect of cotton which were trapped and protected on protection forest were spider,Oenopia conglobata,Coccinella undecimpanctata,Chilocorus geminus,Chrysoperl carnea,Deraeocoris punctulatus,Nabis sinoferus and so on.Overwintering of natural enemies of injurious insect of cotton had some selection,designing plans of protection forest for single tree species in local district was proposed in this paper.


Wheelchairs are broadly accepted and are widespread because of the assistance they provide to people with limited mobility. The design of a good controller generally involves the formulation of a comprehensive wheelchair model. Most dynamic models in the literature presume non-inclined planer surfaces within-doors, and therefore fail to take the combined effects of both gravitational forces and rolling friction on the usable-traction into consideration. Wheel-slip situations are also commonly neglected. This paper contributes to wheelchair modeling by proposing and formulating a dynamic model that considers the effects of rolling friction and gravitational potential on the wheelchair's road-load force, on both inclined and non-inclined surfaces. The dynamic model is derived through the Euler Lagrange procedure, and wheel slip is determined by an approach that reduces the convectional number of slip-detection encoders. In the closed-loop model, the input-output feedback controller is proposed for tracking the user inputs by torque compensation. The optimality of the resulting minimum-phase closed-loop system is then ensured through the performance index of the non-linear continuous-time generalized predictive control with good simulation results.


Neurolymphomatosis (NL)) is the term for infiltration of the peripheral nervous system by neurotropic neoplastic cells in the setting of a known or unknown haematological malignancy. Optimal treatment management of this rare clinical entity remains ill defined. We report the case of a 65-year-old woman with plexiform NL of the right sciatic nerve. Initial complete response to systemic chemotherapy, and later, relapse and progression, were accurately assessed by sequential 18-FDG-PET/CT studies, performed after a few cycles of the initial chemotherapy, and following completion of both initial treatment and salvage therapy.


Background Fimasartan is a novel angiotensin II receptor blocker. Fimasartan is mainly eliminated via biliary excretion, and its urinary elimination is less than 3%. Objective Based on guidance from the United States Food and Drug Administration, a reduced pharmacokinetic (PK) study was conducted to evaluate the effect of renal function on the PK of fimasartan in patients with renal impairment and healthy volunteers. Methods A single centre, single-dose, open-label, healthy volunteer controlled trial was conducted in patients with renal impairment (RI) (estimated glomerular filtration rate lower than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) and age-, weight- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (estimated glomerular filtration rate higher than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2). All participants received a single oral dose of fimasartan 120 mg, after which serial blood sampling for PK evaluation was conducted. Noncompartmental PK analysis of fimasartan was performed. A mixed-effects model approach was used to identify significant covariates and PK parameters. Results Sixteen subjects were enrolled (8 healthy volunteers and 8 RI patients). The maximum plasma concentrations and areas under the plasma concentration curves of the RI patients were higher than those of the healthy volunteers, with geometric mean ratios of 1.87 and 1.73, respectively. The relative bioavailability of fimasartan from the population PK analysis was 77% higher in the RI patients than in the healthy volunteers. Conclusion The increased drug exposure of fimasartan in RI patients was explained by the increased relative bioavailability. This result can be explained from our knowledge concerning alterations in PK related to renal function.


This study analyzes hospitality relations between the management of protected areas and the stakeholders involved, focusing on the influence they have on the competitiveness of destinations. The objects of study are three protected areas located in the northeast region of Brazil: Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Jericoacoara National Park, and Delta do Parnaíba Environmental Protection Area. A multiple-case study was developed using qualitative and quantitative methods: semi-structured interviews, unsystematic observation, and survey. We verified a relationship of dependency between stakeholders, such as tour guides and travel agencies, and the management of these places, through the commitment to the rules provided for their accreditation as the basis of service provision. Hospitality relations between the host and stakeholders involved with tourism favor mutual trust by influencing directly both management conditions of the protected areas and perceptions of competitiveness of destinations. The results also show that hospitality relations affect positively visitors' intention to return.


Required Texts *You MUST refer to class readings throughout the course. Course Description This course will feature an overview of women and gender in politics. We will examine women " s role in politics both in the U.S. and internationally. Topics to be covered include women " s representation, women " s access to politics, barriers to women " s participation, women " s rights, and more. We will seek to answer important questions of the field: what happens when one searches for women in politics; what does gender have to do with politics; what is the status of women " s access to political institutions and positions of authority; and how does gender intersect with other identities, such as race and class, in politics? At the end of the semester, there will be a special focus on the role of gender in conflict and post-conflict situations. Course Objectives  understand and apply key themes in women, gender and politics  understand women " s access to political institutions and positions of authority  reflect on the impact of gender in politics  reflect on the intersection of identities such as gender, race, class, etc.  determine the status of women in politics in the U.S. and internationally  develop critical reading skills and analytical writing skills Attendance Policy Discussion will help students engage with the ideas of this course. Due to this, class attendance is necessary. Excessive absence and tardiness will be reflected both in the kinds of grades you likely will receive on written work, quizzes (which cannot be made up) and – of course – in my evaluation of your class participation. Missing seven classes (approximately 1/4 of the total number of classes) will result in automatic failure of the course. If you miss class, with or without a legitimate excuse, you are responsible for getting lecture notes from a classmate. If you have questions about the material after looking over the notes, please stop by during my office hours or schedule an appointment with me. Make-up exams will not be given except in the event of a medical emergency. You will have the ability to make up the mid-term and final exam only with a University-approved excuse that is discussed with me prior to the date of the test. Quality of Class Involvement The success of each class meeting depends upon both your active involvement in …


Talaat WIAW, Md Juhari S, Esa N, Che Lah S, Mohamad M. 2018. Traditional ecological knowledge in conserving marine resources in Terengganu, Malaysia. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 6-11. Conserving marine resources to ensure its sustainable supply requires concerted effort by all the stakeholders including the local fishermen. The zoning of MPAs by the government is a formal method of conserving marine resources where some efforts of conservation on the specified areas are demonstrated. Currently, in the Terengganu waters, which sits in the southernmost part of the South China Sea, the only MPAs are the 13 islands/areas zoned as marine parks amounting to 568.69km2. Nonetheless, protecting or conserving marine resources cannot be limited to areas surrounding these marine parks alone. With 244km coastline and fishing is inherently a major economic activity in the state, more areas in the Terengganu waters should be designated as MPAs or alternatively gazetted as ecologically sensitive areas. In order to conserve marine resources to ensure its sustainable supply, a concerted effort must be carried out by all the stakeholders including the local communities, whose livelihood are directly impacted. As repositories of knowledge with regard to biodiversity, habitats and their seasonal fluctuations, the local communities must also be appreciated as resource users. The local fishermen's TEK including familiarity with the use of sustainable fishing methods and practices are indeed pertinent for the sustainable supply of marine resources. This paper discusses the existing marine conservation efforts in Terengganu as well as explores the possibility of factoring in the local communities' local knowledge through collaborative management to enhance these efforts.


A simple and convenient procedure for a highly chemoselective reductive deoxygenation of c~,[3-unsaturated ketones and allyl alcohols to olefins by sodium cyanoborohydride and boron trifluoride etherate in dry THF is described. The reduction of the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones to methylene has enjoyed wide application in organic synthesis. Whereas there are several methods available for the direct conversion of simple and aryl ketones to the corresponding hydrocarbons (eq. 1), I to our knowledge, there is no general chemoselective method reported for the direct reduction of tx,/~-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to the corresponding olefins (eq. 2), e.g. Wolff-Kishner reduction is not suitable for the selective deoxygenation of enones to olefins if a saturated ketone is also present in the molecule. The conventional ionic hydrogenation reaction 2 using trialkylsilanes in the presence of an acid, a very convenient method for the deoxygenation of aryl ketones, transforms the unsaturated ketones first to the saturated ketones and finally to the corresponding alcohols, 3'4 perhaps via 1,4-hydrosilylation. Recently, Wustrow and co-workers 5 have reported the lithium perchlorate-triethylsilane mediated ionic hydrogenation of secondary allyl alcohols and acetates to olefins. Recently we have discovered 6 that a combination of sodium cyanoborohydride and boron trifluoride etherate efficiently deoxygenates aryl ketones to corresponding hydrocarbons (eq. 1). In continuation of our studies, we have now discovered that sodium cyanoborohydride and boron trifluoride O II R---C--R' ~ R----CH2--R' (eq. 1) (R,R' =alkyl or aryl) 0


This paper reviewed the current application status of TLC through the following four aspects:identification of pure substances,separation and purification of compounds and determination,selection of the optimal eluting solution of column chromatography and tracing the organic reactions.


This article describes the changing legal context for community development by faith-based organizations and accordingly encourages public service and outreach by institutions of higher education. Although many colleges and universities already partner with churches and other faith-based organizations to accomplish public service goals, recent changes in federal legislation offer new opportunities for collaboration. To take advantage of these opportunities, leadership by institutions of higher education is needed to stimulate and facilitate faith-based community development. Potential roles for institutions of higher education are discussed and the legal context for involvement is reviewed. With proper guidance, the unrealized potential of collaborations between institutions of higher education and faith-based organizations may be more fully realized.


Previous studies have shown first that many quantitative features of the muscles of the primate shoulder vary in a way functionally advantageous to the method of locomotion and secondly that nine features of the shoulder bones, individually related to such muscular contrasts or to other aspects of the mechanics of the shoulder, also vary in phase with the locomotor patterns (Ashton & Oxnard, Trans. zool. Soc. Lond. 196:3, 29; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1964, 142). Each of these bony features shows a progressive pattern of contrast between the locomotor groups (a) of the non-human Anthropoidea (quadrupeds, semibrachiators, brachiators) and correspondingly (b) of the Prosimii (quadrupeds, hangers). The combination of these features using canonical analysis allows a nine-dimensional model of the shoulder girdle to be almost completely expressed in the two functions depicted in Fig. 1. Their combination not only separates (mainly in the direction of function 1) the three locomotor groups of the Anthropoidea and demonstrates their parallelism with two of the Prosimii, but also arranges the genera within each in a spectrum according to the gradations in compressile, or tensile forces normally acting on the limb during locomotion. In addition, within each locomotor group, the genera are arranged in sequence (mainly by function 2) from the most highly terrestrial forms (e.g. Papio, Presbytis entellus, Gorilla) to those that are almost completely arboreal (e.g. Cacajao, Nasalis, Pongo). The remaining functions show no further differences among the non-human priniates, but the third differentiates man completely. This finding correlates with the unique function of the human shoulder.


The aim of this work is to illustrate an innovative pattern of local governance based on the approach of the District at the Rural Development. The territorial context of this model is the Metapontum Agro-Food District of Quality. In line with the needs expressed by area businesses, through the establishment of a Service Centre, able to being as ATM Development and Training Workshop, DID's project start (Desk for Innovation in the district) in order to transform the district into an innovative tool of governance that can guide the agricultural system and horizontally integrated production food chains. This will mean encouraging, in line with the Rural Development Programme (RDP) 2007 2013 of the Basilicata Region financed by the European Agricultural Rural Development Fund (EAFRD), sector development through the integration of relations between firms, investment in infrastructure, training, research, food safety promotion, and enhancement of agricultural production in the framework of internationalization of markets and innovation of quality-oriented process and products. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-621-3.ch007


InxAl1-xAs/InxGa1-xAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with indium composition of 86 % were grown on InP substrates using strain-relieved compositionally graded InxAl1xAs buffers. Lattice-matched In0.86Al0.14As/In0.86Ga0.14As single and double HBTs with small-emitter active areas have been fabricated on 6.0 Å graded buffer layers. Despite the use of this narrow-band-gap material system, practical breakdown voltages approaching 4 V have been demonstrated from DHBT structures with high DC gain, limited leakage at the device junctions and turn-on voltage reduction by a factor of two compared to existing InP bipolar technology. A peak cutoff frequency of 170 GHz has been measured from 6.0 Å single HBTs with 1x5 μm emitter size at very low collector-emitter voltage VCE of 0.55 V. Initial test circuits including 28 GHz dividers that dissipate half the power of InP-based HBT circuits have been successfully demonstrated.


SUMMARY

Release of dipicolinic acid from spores of some species of Bacillus during heating at 100°C was determined. The total amount and rate of release of dipicolinic acid from these spores varied between species and strains, the most resistant spores releasing the least. Studies were made on Bacillus polymyxa and B. megaterium to determine the influence of buffers and pH on the liberation of dipicolinic acid, carbohydrate, and nitrogen. Release of these materials was usually least at pH 7.0 and greatest under conditions that favored thermal inactivation. Some of the amino acids and carbohydrates released were identified.


A method and an apparatus for analyzing sample, a method and an apparatus for fabricating an organic electroluminescence device, and a recording medium are provided to analyze characteristics of the respective deposited layers of a sample by irradiating the light and obtaining a reflected light from a film. Polarized light is irradiated on a transparent substrate(51) of a sample(50), and the light reflected from the sample is obtained. A polarization state of the obtained light is measured. A first model where a gap layer and the deposited layer are stacked on each other and a second model where the layer related to the cover material, the gap layer and the deposited layer are stacked on each other are prepared. A thickness dimension of the sample measured by the measuring unit is received, and the first model and/or second model is selected as the model to be used for the analysis.


The expanding material may be added into the concrete so as to form the compensating shrinkage concrete. The compensating shrinkage concrete can reduce the comprehensive temperature difference so that we can cancel the expansive joint of the building.


The paper presents a. resunie on exp~riments carried on mass breeding of the Silver c.up flypoptrmlmichthya molitrix m a cement cistern through administration of crude hwmm dtoriu.nic gonadotropin. The experiments prows that H.C.G. can be used for m;,.ss breeding of the fish in simple en.:losures; with fa<'.'llities of some input and output of water and a dose of 5 mg/kg and 18 n1g/k8 of body weight, for rnales and fcuwles respectively are required for the purpose. Observations were made by u~>ing pituitary glands in slmila.r way. For succqssful breeding of about 80 kg female together, the expenditure towards cost of p1tuHary gll.Uld and H.C.G. are respectively 275 and 117 R.->.


Exhaust particulate in diesel engines is affected by fuel properties, but the reason for this is not clear. Interest in using low-grade fuels in diesel engines makes it urgent to clarify the particulate formation mechanism and factors to decreasa it. With a fluid reaction tube and nitrogen atmosphere, this report investigates the amount and configuration of the particulate, and analyzes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of fuels with different molecular structures and carbon numbers. The following results were obtained: (1) Starting formation temperature of particulate depends on the fuel properties. (2) The soot precursor has at most three, four, or five rings of PAH. (3) The formation of the particulate takes place via polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by condensation polymerization and dehydrogenation.


This article reflects on the inclusion of an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) course as a core component of the Bachelor of Laws (LLB) curriculum for a law degree commenced in 2008. An outline of the course is provided. Student reflections of their experience of the course are reported and linked to three of the threshold learning outcomes (TLOs) for an LLB degree established by the Law Discipline Group to guide legal education. The reflections indicate positive possibilities for achievement of the TLOs and changing the student experience of law schools by the inclusion of ADR as a core course.


The very few scientific studies about the morphometric and hydrographic characterization of a watershed in Argentina, was the reason for carrying out this publication, choosing as the study area the watershed of the Belisario Creek, in the Southwest of the Buenos Aires province. The aim of this work was to analyzed in a geospatial way, the morphometric characteristics of the watershed of the Belisario Creek, using a GIS. Three geospatial methods were used to establish the limits of the basin and sub-basins. The results showed a little level of dispersion contrasted with the mean value, without showing significant differences in the statistic analysis. In the hypsometric curve, the 90 % of the basin presents its height above the 500 masl, minewhile only the 25 % presents values above 800 masl. The Gravellius's coefficient of compactness reached a value of 1.86 representing an oblonged shape, causing a delay on water accumulation. The torrential characteristics of the watershed must be considered for a correct planning, because they could become dangerous as they increase runoff in the highest part of the basin. This torrential characteristic and the increment of the volume of water accumulated in the lower part of the watershed, will expose the area to transitory floods.


In order to investigate organic pollutants in pine kraft bleaching spent liquor, high and low molecular weight compounds were isolated and examined their chemical characteristics.Following contents were clarified.1. The chlorinated oxylignin (hereinafter referred to as COL), which was prepared as one of high molecular weight compounds, amounts to approximately 16 percent of total organic materials. The molecular weight distribution measured through Gel permiation chromatography and Ultrafiltration process indicated that COL has rather higher molecular properties as compared with Milled Wood Lignin and Thio Lignin. On the other hand, chemical structure of COL was found to be seriously decomposed in the process, and further structural predominance of p-hydroxyphenylpropane unit in original lignin was almost disapeared. Taking into consideration of the existence of chlorine derivatives of vanillin in the products by alkaline cupric oxide oxydation, however, it is inferred from the fact that COL still contains a small amount of the chlorinated aromatic ring in its molecule.2. The low molecular weight compounds were obtained by continuous extraction with n-hexane, ethyl ether and ethyl acetate respectively. Each extractive was investigated by means of column chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemical analysis. Consequentry, following compounds were recognized as the constituents of these extractives : Palmitic Acid, Stearic Acid, 2, 4, 6-Trichlorophenol, 5-Chlorovanillin, β-Sitosterol, p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, Vanillic Acid, 5-Chlorovanillic Acid, 6-Chlorovanillic Acid, Syringic Acid and Ferulic Acid.


In this paper, the Quality of Service (QoS) for a concrete network based in the prospective idea of the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) is estimated. We use the well-known mathematical convolution for the segments of the network. This methodology is applied using the simple definition of efficiency per segment. The first segment assumes the communication between nanosensor and intra-body device, whereas in the second one the intra-body device is engaged to the bio-cyber interface through the THz band. Others segments belong to the macroscopic scale but working in the MHz band. When the full QoS is estimated and assuming the most optimistic scenario, our crude estimation for the concrete case applied to nanomedicine has turned out to to be of order of 85%. In the other side, the lowest values of QoS would yield numbers below 50% by which the network might be running in those scenarios where traffic in cloud might degrade the IoBNT substantially.


The crystal structures of eleven ionic compounds containing the substituted guanidinium cations [C(NH2)(2)(NHR)](+) (R = Me, Et) or [C(NH2)(2)(NMe2)](+) and the sulfonate anions [RSO3](-) (R = 1-naphthalene, 2-naphthalene, D-(+)-10-camphor, Me, Ph) have been determined in order to investigate the effects of removing N-H groups on the symmetrical guanidinium sulfonate hydrogen-bonded layer structure. Analysis of the supramolecular structures of these compounds, together with those of previously reported compounds in the same series, has shown that the monoalkylguanidinium sulfonates generally respond to the loss of a hydrogen bond donor by forming one of two hydrogen bonds patterns - shifted ribbon sheets or adapted sheets - and the way in which these sheets are arranged in the gross structure is, in most cases, similar to that of the related unsubstituted guanidinium sulfonate. In contrast, dimethylguanidinium sulfonates form structures based on cation. anion pairs that are inter-connected into ribbons or sheets.


Deaf academics who navigate aspects of their professional lives through signed language interpreting services face a range of issues, including handling perceptions of their Hearing peers, identifying and negotiating their own communication preferences, and balancing personal and professional relationships with their interpreters. Interpreters bring individual sets of schemas and skills to their work, which impacts the interpreted interaction. In this paper, a Deaf academic and her interpreter/colleague discuss various challenges in having an interpreter—and being an interpreter—in academia. Topics include being "outed" as a person with a disability because of the presence of an interpreter; the need for interpreters with specialized academic vocabulary; the responsibilities of the Deaf academic and the interpreter in interpreted interactions; and the sense of vulnerability, intimacy, and autonomy experienced by the Deaf academic and the interpreter. The article is a shared reflection about the evolution of a relationship, beginning with the authors' respective roles as client and interpreter, and leading into to their present alliance as colleagues and friends. Key words: interpretation, Deaf, academic, ethics, disability, autonomy, vulnerability, intimacy, philosophy, hard of hearing, hearing impaired, sign language, oral interpreting, American Sign Language


The Kent State shootings on May 4, 1970, which resulted in the death of four students and the wounding of nine others at the hands of the Ohio National Guard, changed the antiwar movement in an immeasurable way. A number of historians, scholars, writers, and documentarians remain captivated by the series of events and its reverberating effect, which influenced the trajectory of the Vietnam War. For many, the grassy hillside where the shootings took place at Kent State remains hallowed ground and has become a place of pilgrimage for individuals who were greatly affected by those events. A wide cross section of individuals visits the grounds, including family members of victims, eyewitnesses, Vietnam veterans, and social activists. They all come annually during the commemoration and throughout the year to Kent State. Many aspects of the shootings have been studied, ranging from the actions of the Guardsmen, the response of the state and federal government, to the role of the demonstrators, even some of the various conspiracy theories. However, one facet that has received little attention is the role of race. This article reframes the antiwar movement and the Kent State shootings through the lens of race and relies heavily on the narratives of African American alumni who were on the front lines of the black campus movement. It reviews how the movement impacted the level of African American students' participation at Kent State University during the antiwar movement. Some African American alumni believe that the black campus movement prevented violence being directed at students of color during the Kent State shootings.


Abstract : The magnetization distribution is calculated for Neel wall finite in thickness but infinite in the other two dimensions. The variational technique yields a solution in terms of elliptic functions that is different from, but a good approximation of, other models based on finite film thickness. The charge density is calculated as a beginning toward accurately determining the interaction field of two Neel walls, each of which in in one of a pair of close-spaced films. The results of a study of edge effects in tapered edge films are reported and the methods used to produce these films are described. Experimental evidence is presented which verifies the presence of the theoretically predicted magnetization 'curling' configuration. The 'tapered edge curling' theory is further supported by the absense of the higher energy 'closure domain' configuration. Studies of domain wall properties and interaction in double-layer films is reported. An apparent preference for the formation of Neel type walls has been observed in the double layer films. Experimental evidence is given and energy calculations are presented for configurations of Bloch wall and Neel wall interactions with a neighboring film. The lowering of wall energies and a transition to wall structures of the Neel type are verified in terms of the magnetostatic interaction between a wall in one film and the magnetic material of a superimposed layer.


The complementary extension activities contribute to the academic training of students as they offer extramural experiences in the field, creating interfaces between University and Society. The extra activities act as a hinge mechanism that allows constructive dialogue. The work carried out between 2012 and 2014 aimed to characterize the knowledge generated within outreach activities developed in an engineering degree and point demand expectations by knowledge of students. As a result, there is the level of satisfaction of participants, fostering educational activities, strengthening the interface between theoretical and practical environment, the approach of the institution with alumni and companies, in addition to feedback from students about what are your demands on the capabilities that the institution can come to offer. This work has as a research method the experience report and exploratory research, since actions made it possible to collect a series of perceptions about the project and about future possibilities for the inseparability of research, teaching and extension, becomes every day more present in the universities, contributing to the science as it generates knowledge through study or practice, and based on sets of knowledge in which scientific theories and methods are developed.


This paper discusses how the solvent-induced rapid relaxation of the initial delocalized excited state of 9-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)phenanthrene (9DPhen), obtained immediately after picosecond pulsed excitation, can be resolved by means of femtosecond transient absorption experiments. The results obtained for 9DPhen are compared to the results of a sterically hindered compound 4-(9-phenanthryl)-3,5-N,N-tetramethylaniline (3,5Me9DPhen) in order to get more information about the possible conformational relaxation process suggested for these compounds. From the results of the femtosecond transient absorption experiments, a possible model is proposed to characterize the kinetic behavior of these molecules. After photoexcitation of 9DPhen and 3,5Me9DPhen, the distribution of higher excited states shows a fast transition within a femtosecond timescale to a "hot" charge transfer state. This state looses excess energy by a relaxation process (electronic and/or vibrationally and/or conformationally relaxation) ...


Spirulina platensis have therapeutic functions such as antioxidant, anti-bacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-diabetic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of spirulina platensis on L-methionine induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in rats. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three equal groups. Group I (control normal): rats administered distilled water. Group II (hyperhomocysteinemic group (HHcy): rats received L-methionine (1.7 gm/kg body weight/day) orally for continuous 8 weeks. Group III (HHcy + spirulina platensis): rats received spirulina (1.5 gm/kg body weight/day) orally for 4 weeks after induction of hyperhomocysteinemia. The obtained results showed significant increase in serum homocysteine, lipids profile (total cholesterol and triacylglycerols), liver marker enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), liver L-MDA and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-8) gene expression level in hyperhomocysteinemic (HHcy) rats. However, liver SOD activity and GSH concentration were markedly decreased. Spirulina treatment to L-methionine induced HHcy in rats caused significant improvement of all previous parameters towards its normal ranges. These results suggested that, spirulina treatment exerts a protective effect on HHcy by reduction of oxidative stress marker, inflammation and hyperhomocysteinemia in rats through free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities as well as regenerating endogenous antioxidant defense system mechanisms.


In a mobile radio communication system, mobile terminals are free to travel within the service area. In order to track a mobileterminalinacellularmobilenetwork,theradiocoverageareaofanetworkispartitionedintoclustersofBaseStations, calledLocationAreas.AsmobileterminalscrosstheboundariesofLocationAreas,asigniflcantoverhead'location-updating tra‐c' is injected into the controlling signalling network. The aim of this paper is to solve the problem of flnding optimum Location Areas for a given network such that the load of location-update-signalling tra‐c on the signalling network is minimized on the basis that the intra-cluster communication is less expensive than the inter-cluster communications. This problem belongs to the family of Non-Polynomial Complete (NP) problems. In this paper, this problem is formulated in termsofanIntegerProgrammingproblemandaspecialtailoredBranchandBoundalgorithmisappliedtoflndguaranteed optimalsolutions.Byconsideringarangeofnetworkproblems,itisdemonstratedthattheproposedtechniquecanbeapplied to solve optimally the real-world networkproblems


This article presents the correct adjustment of the mower's blade movement relative to the forward movement of the mower. Everywhere around us are gardens, parks and meadow, which gives us reason to solve issues with mowing. The first part of this article shows agricultural machines, which are used today and the principle of correct cut of grass stalks. The next part shows the method of adjusting the mower's blade speed. Design of a simple model was done with the use of Solid Edge Premium CAD. For computation, MSC Adams was used and post-processing was done with the use of Matlab. The connection between MSC Adams and Matlab was created by co-simulation.


Introduction: Literary sources present rather contradictory data on the health of oil and gas industry workers in the Russian Arctic, which requires additional research.
Objective: To assess causes and circumstances, structure and number of occupational diseases among employees engaged in hydrocarbon extraction in the Arctic.
Materials and methods: We studied data of the public health monitoring on working conditions and occupational diseases in the Russian Arctic and the registry of extracts from occupational disease records (Order 176 of the Russian Ministry of Health dated May 28, 2001). The retrieved data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2016 and Epi Info statistical software, version 6.04d.
 Results: We have revealed a pronounced contrast in working conditions and the number of occupational diseases between coal miners in the Komi Republic (city of Vorkuta) and Chukotka Autonomous Area, on the one hand, and oil and gas production workers of the Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Areas, on the other, in the years 2007–2021. We estimated that 85.1 % of miners and only 3.1 % of gas and oil workers were employed at facilities characterized by extreme sanitary and epidemiological ill-being. Miners were diagnosed with 98.2 % of all occupational diseases registered in workers employed in the extraction of hydrocarbon resources, and the occupational disease incidence in them (201.71 per 10,000 workers) was 492 times higher than that in oil and gas workers (0.41 per 10,000). The most prevalent occupational diseases in the miners were chronic bronchitis (21.3 %), radiculopathy (21.0 %), and mono- and polyneuropathy (10.3 %) while workers of oil and gas companies mainly suffered from sensorineural hearing loss (46.3 %), radiculopathy (18.5 %), and vibration disease (16.7 %).
Conclusion: Our findings confirm good health of oil and gas workers and necessitate urgent priority measures aimed at improvement of working conditions and all types of prevention of occupational conditions in coal miners working in the Arctic.


This paper presents a new algorithm to detect and track road boundary from the scene captured in front of the vehicle.The intelligent driving system can extract from the image series the real-time road information such as vehicle's pose and its displacement and predicte the state of the coming road and feeding the information back to the control system as well.A 3D road model is established on the basis of the inner parameters of the camera.The road markings are extracted successfullg from the image according to their colour characteristics.The Extended Kalman Filter combined with the road model is introduced into tracking the lane frame by frame,which makes the needed information available on real time.The algorithm adapts well to various road environment straight or curve.Experimental results show that even in a complex condition with a lot of disturbance caused by shadow,vehicles in front or other white markings on road,the algorithm also acts in a robust way.


In the last decades several neuropeptides, such as thyreotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH), amylin, neurotensin, ghrelin, melatonin, opioid peptides, substance P (SP), angiotensin II (Ang II) have been shown inhibit the gastric mucosal lesions induced by different ulcerogenic agents given centrally in the dose range of fmol to nmol. The site of action is likely to be the dorsal vagal complex. However, the different neuropeptides can interact with each other at different levels and can affect each other's biological actions. Among others nociceptin ‐ opioid; angiotensin ‐ cannabinoid, opioid; CRF ‐ beta‐endorphin, somatostatin interactions have been demonstrated. Aim of the present study was to elucidate potential interactions between neuropeptides and cannabinoids in gastric mucosal defense.


A method of automated filtering and polygonal reconstruction of the skull virtual model using the methods of "Marching cubes" and "Connected component labeling" is considered. An algorithm for effective software implementation is described. A computational experiment on computed tomography data consisting of 244 DICOM images is presented. The experimental results confirm the correctness and computational efficiency of the algorithm.


Abstract Upper respiratory tract infections are the most frequent outpatient disease processes treated by the pediatricians. Although upper respiratory tract infections are typically self-limited viral illnesses, a subset of children will develop acute bacterial sinusitis, which is differentiated from the former viral nasopharyngitis by prolonged illness, worsening course, or severe onset of symptoms. Although diagnostic imaging is not indicated in the differentiation of a viral upper respiratory tract infection from acute bacterial sinusitis, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are critical in the detection and classification of potentially serious complications of acute bacterial sinusitis resulting from intraorbital or intracranial spread of infection. Orbital infections are the most frequently associated complications of paranasal sinus inflammatory disease given the proximity of the paranasal sinuses and orbits. Imaging is essential in differentiating preseptal cellulitis from orbital cellulitis and guiding appropriate therapy. Cross-sectional imaging is also important in the characterization of noninvasive fungal sinusitis, forms of chronic sinusitis in the setting of an intact immune system, and invasive fungal sinusitis, an acute fulminant sinusitis induced by angioinvasive fungi in immunocompromised children requiring emergent surgical management.


The role of c-GMP in platelets has been studied by investigating the influence of c-GMP derivatives, such as N6-2′-0-dibutyryl c-GMP and 8-bromo c-GMP, on platelet function.Dibutyryl c-GMP (500μM-5μM) and bromo c-GMP (1mM-10μM) did not cause platelet aggregation and serotonin release. At high concentrations these agents inhibited platelet aggregation and serotonin release induced by ADP and epinephrine. At lower concentrations the effect of these agents on epinephrine-induced aggregation was sometimes stimulatory, but was significant.Furthermore, the possibility has been invesstigated that aggregation induced by arachidonate might be mediated by increase of c-GMP levels in platleets.Addition of 1mM arachidonate to platelet rich plasma rapidly caused aggregation and serotonin release, but incubation of platelets with arachidonate did not alter the basal level of c-GMP in platelets.These results do not support the hypothesis that c-GMP might play a regulatory role in inducing platelet aggregation and release reaction.


phases, and not again during the anaphases. The exact manner of division of the chromosomes seems to agree with that described by Miss FRASER, but on the basis of certain stages, which he thinks were missed by her, he interprets his results in a different way. He describes a synapsis stage, whose loops correspond to the v-shaped chromosomes, which later appear on the spindle in the equatorial plate. Although he does not very strongly insist on this point, he is inclined to think that the scheme of chromosome reduction described by FARMER and MOORE for higher forms of plants and animals obtains in the ascomycetes. In the first part of the paper an interesting discussion of the state of these questions and other problems relating to the ascomycetes will be found.-J. B. OVERTON.


Abstract Let be a partition of the set of all primes and G a finite group. A set of subgroups of G is said to be a complete Hall σ-set of G if every member of is a Hall σi-subgroup of G for some and contains exactly one Hall σi-subgroup of G for every i such that . A group is said to be σ-primary if it is a finite σi-group for some i. A subgroup A of G is said to be: σ-permutable in G if G possesses a complete Hall σ-set such that for all and all ; -subnormal in G if there is a subgroup chain such that either or is σ-primary for all . We say that a subgroup H of G is: m-σ-permutable in G if for some modular subgroup A and σ-permutable subgroup B of G; weakly m-σ-permutable in G if there are an m-σ-permutable subgroup S and a σ-subnormal subgroup T of G such that G = HT and . We study G assuming that some subgroups of G are weakly m-σ-permutable in G.


The study of the parallel matrix scheme showed that in the case of installing artificial transmission lines in place of the usual regular segments along the entire length, we can get a reduction in weight and size indicators. However, the effectiveness of such a reduction in indicators will be approximately the same as in the case of miniaturization of a single matrix element. A parallel matrix circuit usually includes the same type of power dividers, phase-shifting cells and intersecting lines to ensure the necessary phase shifts between the output signals. Since it is impossible to realize the intersection of lines in one layer, the developers of microwave technology use instead crossovers that perform similar functions, but occupy a large area on the board. By installing artificial lines, we have achieved a minimization of weight and dimensions by 70.8%.


AbstractRegulations in the UK require that the risk to individuals resulting from the disposal of radioactive waste should be considered for at least a million years into the future. Laboratory investigation of the responses of the physical, chemical, and geological barriers incorporated in the Nirex disposal concept is clearly not practicable over such timescales. However, naturally occurring examples of analogous materials or processes which have existed over geological timescales do exist, as do archaeological artefacts. These 'natural analogues' can provide valuable insights into the long term behaviour of repository materials and processes.


Determination of urinary estriol has prognostic value. Lowered levels accompany fetal jeopardy. In Class III cardiac patients the levels are lowered.


It decides replacing frequency of injection products that mould design of injection molding has been designed and produced. In order to reduce the development cycle and cost of products, the CAE technology is being used more and more in mould design of injection molding. Taking a shell of Bluetooth earphones for example, the gate locations and numbers of plastic part in injection molding process are fixed on by comparing analysis results, and the runner systems are optimized.


1. The digestive enzymes of Ochetostoma erythrogrammon were investigated. They include a strong amylase, a strong protease, a moderately strong esterase and a weak maltase. No cellulase, sucrase, lactase or inulase were found.2. The midgut fluid accumulated during starvation in the lumen of the entire midgut. It proved a richer source of digestive enzymes than extracts of the various regions of the gut. Amylase occurred along the entire gut wall except the pharynx. Protease occurred in the foregut, midgut and hindgut, esterase in the midgut and hindgut, and maltase only in the hindgut.3. Both amylase and protease are active over a wide range of pH values, but the esterase has a more restricted range. The pH optima of these lie on the alkaline side of neutrality, with the protease having the highest pH optimum of 8.4 for the substrate gelatine.4. The gut contents had an alkaline reaction, the pH rising from the crop to a maximum in the midgut and then dropping slightly in the hindgut. The pH of the midgut ...


To construct a centralized information system disaster control center can guarantee the secure,reliable and stable operation of the information system in the State Grid Corporation.The necessity and objective of the disaster control center construction are analyzed.The construction requirement and strategic orientation of its infrastructure are introduced.At last some suggestions for the construction of the Shanghai disaster control center of the State Grid Corporation.are discussed.


The present paper describes a proposal of multiple reuse of wastewater for the town of Camigliatello Silano, in the province of Cosenza, Italy. Camigliatello Silano is a locality devoted to agriculture and to both winter and summer tourism. There are several issues related to the management of water resources of the locality, including the lack of regularization of the discharge of urban wastewater with Italian and European regulations, poor availability of the resource for the irrigation sector, and necessary improvements in winter tourism. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a possible solution for the management of the water resources of the locality, through the reuse of wastewater. The proposed solution provides the reuse for agricultural purposes during the irrigation period and an innovative reuse for the production of artificial snow in the winter season. The reuse for irrigation allows the increase of water resources in agriculture, while the reuse for the production of artificial snow allows a longer skiing period. The proposed solution also solves the problem of regularization of wastewater discharge with positive effects on the environment and water resources.


A simple method is described which allows the simultaneous measurement of the conductance and volume of ionically conducting liquids at high pressure. Precise and extensive (90 to 220°C, 10 to 2000 bar) pressure, temperature, volume and conductance data are presented for the salts R4N+BF (where R is n-butyl to n-heptyl). None of the existing theories which predict the temperature and volume dependence of transport in liquids is consistent with the results.A simple model is developed which quantifies the notion of structure in liquids in terms of a distribution of coordination number, as suggested by Bernal.1 The postulate that transport is related to the incidence of uncoordinated molecules, N0, and the calculation of N0 in terms of the partition function for the model allow general relations to be established between the temperature and volume dependence of transport and the thermodynamic properties of the liquid, which account in a comprehensive qualitative way for the trends observed in real liquids. A further development of the model accounts quantitatively for the temperature and volume dependence of the molar conductivity of the series of molten salts. These results support the basic physical postulates of the model, that the temperature and volume dependence of transport in liquids are related to the frequency of the local fluctuations in structure as indicated by the incidence of uncoordinated molecules.


This bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of volunteer work with senior citizens in the Centre for seniors in Holesov. The theoretical part deals with a phenomenon of volunteering from the historical point of view and from the point of view of its legal roots in the legal order of the Czech Republic. It also deals with the specific needs of volunteers themselves which are namely motivation and educational needs necessary for performing voluntary services. It provides basic information about several organizations dealing with volunteering in the Czech Republic. Finally, it familiarizes with the specifics of volunteering in homes for the elderly and also in above mentioned the Centre for seniors in Holesov and with activities of volunteers in this facility as well. In the empirical part, a qualitative research implemented in a form of semi-structured interview is presented. The aim of the research was to ascertain subjective view of the volunteers on specifics of their volunteer work in the given facility.


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more strides will suffice for them to cross the threshold beyond which a patiently rigged stage set will disclose its soaring canopy, valances, panels, and gleaming swatches of rich cloth suspended and parted to reveal the initiate costumed as her oricha. Brown's leap across the Atlantic from the pseudohistorical, prototypical palace of Obakoso (aka Chango) to the local throne room communally prepared to receive a new daughter of the goddess of the sea into the Lucumf religion is followed by another happy speculation. Omi Tomi is a seamstress who had sewn imported fabrics for Lydia Cabrera's grandmother and presumably also for other privileged colonial women, as well as for statues of Catholic saints on the occasion of their feasts. Surely her needle and thread had also put together festive costumes for dignitaries of cabildos, auxiliary Catholic associations which painstakingly evolved into casas de ocha, the basic units of creolized Yoruba/Lucumi religion. A halfcentury later their accoutrements continue to reflect Oddedei's visionary palace and Omi Tomi's amalgamated patterns.


The invention provides a telemedicine information system, a monitoring method and a computer-accessible storage medium. The telemedicine information system comprises at least one user side and a monitoring side, wherein each user side is provided with one or more physiological sensing devices for sensing the physiological statuses of monitored objects; the monitoring side receives physiological monitoring information generated by each user side through network; medical personnel on the monitoring side can get the physiological monitoring information through handheld type monitoring side devices, and can make abnormality judgment through relevant programs; besides that an alarm can be properly given, the medical personnel can also communicate with the monitored objects in real time to provide real-time medical advice.


Aiming at studying the tuning method of the temperature of VAV air-conditioning system-airflow PID controller,we used the characteristics of improved particle swarm optimization to design a more stable and efficient adaptive controller.Taking setting value results of PSO-CF(PSO with a shrinkage factor)PID control method as reference,the researchers used a vector differential cognitive ability to disrupt the particle in the PSO-CF algorithm,to auto-complete optimal control based on the evolution rules of particle swarm.The results reached that,with the DPSO-CF(disrupt cognitive PSO with a shrinkage factor) PID adaptive controller,the systematical adjustment time was about 30% of PID control method with PSO-CF particle swarm,and the overshoot decreasing by about 75%.When adding the disturbance to the system,compared with a shrinkage factor PSO,PID adaptive controller of disrupting cognitive PSO with a shrinkage factor cost less time,small overshoot,and systematic quality control had been improved significantly as well.The simu-lation results show the improved algorithm not only had good robustness,but also good convergence.Adopting the above adaptive controller,the entire system reflected good dynamic performance and robustness.


The diurnal rhythm of water- and electrolyte uresis was compared in 50 patients with stomach cancer and 20 cases of stomach ulcer and 20 healthy subjects. A specific level of rhythmostasis (neorhythmostasis) was established in cancer patients. It is suggested that standard procedures for water-salt dysbalance correction should be improved (by integrating chronotherapy with practice).


Managing electrical energy supply is a complex task. The most important part of electric utility resource planning is forecasting of the future load demand in the regional or national service area. This is usually achieved by constructing models on relative information, such as climate and previous load demand data. In this paper, a genetic programming approach is proposed to forecast long term electrical power consumption in the area covered by a utility situated in the southeast of Turkey. The empirical results demonstrate successful load forecast with a low error rate.


The economic position and improvement of any kind of production is largely defined by the economic effect that it achieves. In agricultural enterprises in 2009 the high costs of production on the one hand and low commodity prices on the other have assured profit only in sugar beet (€ 922 per hectare) and soybean production (€ 167 per hectare), while loss has been recorded in the production of maize (€ 206 per hectare), wheat (€ 121 per hectare) and sunflower (€ 162 per hectare). On family farms, the income achieved in the production of sugar beet (€ 924 per hectare) and soybean (€ 594 per hectare) provides the funds for further reproduction, but in maize (€ 105 per hectare), sunflower (€ 60 per hectare) and wheat production (€ 33 per hectare) it does not. In addition to the yield level, the conditions under which products have been sold have the decisive influence on the achieved results. In this regard, storage and deferred sale, as well as the collection of crops with lower moisture content, can significantly increase the value of production, and consequently the producer's revenue.


One explicit and important task of the educational system in the USSR is the upbringing, or vospitariie, of children as "builders of communism." By definition and usage in Soviet pedagogical literature, upbringing basically refers to a purposeful, general socializing process; it is broader in its connotations. than the American term, citizenship training. There are five principal areas of school children's behavior which are the targets of upbringing-communist morality, learning and labor, social behavior, aesthetics, and physical training. Thus, upbringing promotes the development of the "well-rounded personality," or "the development of the person as a worker, a producer of material and spiritual wealth, a public figure, as a moral and cultured person, a bearer of high ethical and aesthetical values" (Akademiia


In the European Union, the Water Framework Directive provides a roadmap for achieving good water status and sustainable water usage, and a framework for the information, types of analysis, and interventions required by the Member States. Lack of previous knowledge in, and understanding of, interdisciplinary approaches across European countries has led to applications of corrective measures that have yielded less than favourable results. The natural capital paradigm, the assessment and monitoring of the value of natural capital, has the potential to convey information on the use of water resources and improve the connection between implemented measures and changes in the status of the resources, thus enhancing the effectiveness of policy interventions. In this paper, we present the natural capital accounting methodology, adapted to the requirements of the Directive, and demonstrate its application in two European catchments. Using economic methods, the asset value of two ecosystem services was estimated and associated with changes in water status due to policy instruments. Findings demonstrate that the asset value of water for residential consumption and recreational purposes fluctuates from year to year, influenced by current and future uses. Consequently, managing authorities should consider both current and emerging pressures when designing interventions to manage water resource sustainably.


The professional success involves a number of personality traits of the individual, all taking its toll on his performance and productivity at work. The results of the study undertaken bring elements into understanding how certain personality traits extraversion introversion and nervousness – of teachers relate with different facets of job satisfaction. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of PSI WORLD 2013 and their Guest Editors: Dr Mihaela Chraif, Dr Cristian Vasile and Dr Mihai Anitei.


Abstract This study aimed at determining the impact of socio-economic variables on flock sizes and identifies production problems encountered by small-scale broiler production in Capricorn District, Limpopo province. Thestudy hypothesised that, socio-economic variables are significant determinant of flock sizes. Disproportionatestratified random sampling was used to select 60 farmers out of 330. Collected data was analysed using SPSS.Findings from the analysis reveals age (β1=-0.741), gender (β2=-0.807), educational (β3=0.584), experience(β4=0.326), credit (β5=-0.515) and transportation (β6=-0.854) significantly affect the flock sizes of small scalefarmers. However, hired labour and government support were found to be insignificant in influencing flock size.High feed and chick costs, unavailability and inconsistent supply of farm inputs, lack of capital and poor extensionsupport were other constraints. In conclusion, if production constraints mentioned above are properly addressedbroiler flock size amongst small-scale broiler producers in the study area will increase.


Food is the basic human need to survive and grow. As the population increases the demand for the food also increases. To feed a larger population it is important to improve the methods used in agriculture sector. Proper crop selection is one such method that can help to reduce the wastage and can help the farmer to select proper crop according to his condition. This paper presents a methodology that can use easily available feature to the farmer to help and predict the best suitable crop for the land using Data Analytics technique. Data analysis is done for the model creation through which data is passed. The paper presents an algorithm named crop scoring that score the crop based on the model and crop with height score is shown as best suitable for the farmer.


This chapter contains sections titled: Now It's the Office of the Future, Convergent Technologies, Dreams and Realities, Slow Progress with Productivity, The Changing Pattern of Office Work, The Automated Office: Prison or Paradise?


Michel Hersen, well published in the area of child psychology, and Anthony J. Goreczny, author of notable publications in health psychology, have pooled their expertise to produce a comprehensive, informative, and needed book in child and adolescent health psychology: theHandbook of Pediatric and Adolescent Health Psychology . The book includes five sections, including general issues, specific diseases and disorders, issues in addiction, health promotion, and special issues. Each section is supported by several chapters written by experts in the field. The chapter format includes an overview of the empirical literature, conclusions, and suggestions for future research and clinical applications. The first section of the book, General Issues, includes three chapters that address current challenges in the U.S. health care system and ideas for change; issues surrounding infant deaths, including prevention and implications for policy change; and issues in assessment, particularly with those who cannot access recent technological advances (e.g., third world countries) and what can be done in these situations. The chapters are comprehensive yet succinct. For instance, the second chapter includes several governmental studies. However, the authors of this chapter might have incorporated more recent research in the field as well. Chapter 3, on assessment in third world countries, is important because it contributes significantly to the limited publications on treating childhood disabilities in third world regions. The authors provide essential information for assessment in this area by including their own experience, research findings, and examples of relevant assessment measures. The second section contains seven chapters that address diseases and disorders prevalent among children and adolescents. Diagnostic criteria, assessment, and treatment for diabetes, eating disorders, headaches, epilepsy, burn injuries, cystic fibrosis, and asthma are discussed in this section. Overall, each chapter effectively synthesizes the relevant information and research, providing essential information for understanding and treating these health problems from a psychologist's perspective. In particular, the chapter on diabetes includes an impressive review of the seminal research to the most recent literature available. The information provided on anorexia and bulimia nervosa is succinct and informative, yet it might have been helpful to include more recent literature on the behaviors of children and young adolescents that approach an eating disorder diagnosis. However, some of these issues are addressed in chapters in later sections of the book (e.g., three other chapters address risk factors associated with childhood obesity, nutrition and food choices in children, and effects of exercise on children and adolescents). Additionally, the epilepsy chapter is brief but educational regarding the psychosocial consequences that epilepsy holds for a child struggling with this disease. However, information on treatment also would have been helpful for readers. Last, the chapters on burn injuries and cystic fibrosis are notable contributions, because these disorders appear to receive less attention in the literature. Etiology, diagnostic features, assessments, and treatment of addictive disorders common among adolescents are addressed in the third section of this book. The addictive substances that adolescents use, the etiological path of addictive disorders, and the general treatment regimen for adolescents who abuse illegal substances are detailed in chapter 11. This chapter is followed by a more in-depth evaluation of the two more prevalent substances abused by adolescents that can produce serious health risks in adolescence and later adulthood: tobacco and alcohol. All of these chapters effectively present the recent research in these areas, including an emphasis on recent attempts at prevention. In particular, the authors of this chapter on smoking and peer influence provided a detailed analysis of what we know and do not know as well as their conceptualization of the development of smoking behaviors in adolescence. Last, a unique contribution to this section is a chapter on the risk factors and treatments for childhood and adolescent obesity. Because of the role that obesity plays in predominant health problems (e.g., heart disease and cancer), the inclusion of this chapter is commendable. However, this chapter, similar to others, lacks some of the more recent research in this area. The fourth section of this book contains five chapters on lifestyle patterns that enhance children's health. The issues discussed in this section include cardiovascular health promotion, nutrition, exercise, dental care, and pain management in surgical procedures. In chapter 15, the authors summarize risk factors for cardiovascular disease in relation to children's behaviors. Similarly, the authors of both the nutrition and pain management for surgical procedures chapters review the most recent and relevant literature to produce valuable additions to the literature on these topics. A unique aspect of this section is the chapter on dental hygiene,


With the risk of urban gas transmission pipelines as the study object,an applicable method for the quantitative risk analysis of natural gas pipelines is proposed. This new method consists of different accident effect analysis and physics model analysis,namely,the probability assessment of accidents,the analysis of consequences and the evaluation of risk. The function of this method includes failure hypothesis,release rate calculation,physics effects calculation,death probability calculation,risk calculation and risk evaluation. The models possibly needed in the risk analysis of urban gas transmission pipelines are investigated;and their disadvantages are analyzed through comparison. Finally,further researching directions are put forth according to the current research,which focus on the spread of the risk inside urban gas transmission pipelines and the risk analysis methods for the cascading failure of gas transmission pipelines. The methods proposed in this paper can be used in practical application.


Pervious concrete (PC), also called porous concrete, is a special type of concrete with high porosity and low compressive strength, which is used for several applications. Even though extensive research is being carried out on PC, the studies on its field applications are meagre. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the water absorption capacity (WAC) of PC pavement laid in the field under different discharge conditions. A footpath was constructed with PC made of the best mix proportions obtained from the previous study (40% of 20 mm, 30% of 12.5 mm and 30% of 10 mm aggregate, 10% Fly ash with 90% OPC and w/c ratio 0.35) having compressive strength 24 MPa and permeability of 1.56 cm/s. It consists of 15 panels of size 1.2 m × 1.2 m and depth 10 cm. The soil characteristics underneath the PC panels are determined before laying PC over it. WAC of PC footpath is determined by applying the different discharges in the lateral and vertical directions in different seasons in a year. In the first season (August-2018), the discharge is applied only in the lateral direction and it is found that the WAC value is 3315.7 litres/m3, whereas in the second season (January 2019), it is found as 3064.56 litres/m3. The reduction in WAC from season 1 to season 2 may be due to the accumulation of sediments. The total amount of rain that occurred during season 1 to season 2 is 400.73 mm and the total amount of sediment accumulated is 44.028 kg. Hence, it is concluded that water absorption of PC is time dependent and also the presence of sediments in the runoff water.


The validity of neuropsychological testing is evaluated in the context of a growing controversy surrounding personality assessment. Claims made by a committee established by the American Psychological Association are disputed (e.g., that psychological tests are as valid as medical tests). Also, normative data for projective techniques and neuropsychological tests are contrasted. Normative data is not available for many projective techniques, and norms for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (Exner, 1993) have been seriously flawed. In contrast, norms for neuropsychological tests are widely available and fundamentally sound. Finally, with regard to the validity of judgments made by psychologists, results for projective techniques have been disappointing while results for neuropsychological tests have generally been positive. This article is based on a Keynote Address presented at the 7th Annual Conference of the Australian Psychological Society College of Clinical Neuropsychologists in Melbourne, Australia ...


New semiconducting soluble poly(arylene sulfide)s were synthesized by Wittig polycondensation. The arylene moieties consist of distyrylbiphenyl (P1) and distyrylbithiophene (P2) π-conjugated systems. The polymers are fully amorphous and show good thermal stability. The absorption and photoluminescence properties of the polymers were investigated. P1 film has an optical gap of 2.95 eV and exhibits green-blue fluorescence. P2 shows a longer effective conjugation length with a gap of 2.42 eV and emits in the orange region. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels were estimated by cyclic voltammetry measurements. Single-layer diodes were fabricated and show relatively low turn-on voltages.


ABSTRACT The shading board has a negative influence on window ventilation while it is blocking direct sunlight. Circle vents are designed in the shading board to decrease the negative ventilation effect because air can flow through vents to compensate for the obstruction effect of shading board in this study. The thickness and the diameter of vents are calculated precisely and the optimum size is obtained. Mathematical analysis and ANSYS simulation analysis of the micro ventilation in vents are performed at the same time. From the comparison and validation of this analysis, the relationship beyond air velocity, shading board thickness and vent diameter is concluded to supply reliable basis and good reference for shading design and window ventilation analysis in the building.


Abstract In order to accurately estimate wind farm output and subsequently optimise it, a method of wind speed distribution approximation is suggested. The method is based on period-by-period accumulation of wind speed measurements, transforming them into empirical probabilities, and observing the moving approximation to the expected power produced by the wind turbine or entire wind farm. A year is a minimal term during which wind statistics are to be accumulated. The sufficient validity and reliability of the wind speed distribution approximation is supported by controlling root -mean-square deviations and maximal absolute deviations with respect to the moving average of the expected power. The approximation quality can be regulated by adjusting constants defining the requirements to the moving deviations.


Ethylamine at concentrations lower than 0.5 him in N,N-dimethylformamide gives a diffusion-controlled anodic wave due to the reversible oxidation of the mercury to a 1:2 complex of mercury(II) with the amine. At higher concentrations, another anodic wave appears at a potential less positive than the main wave; this has been attributed to the adsorption of the oxidation product on the mercury electrode. The adsorption prewave was analyzed on the basis of Brdicka's theory, in which the Langmurian adsorption was assumed. It was shown that the nature of the prewave can be well interpreted on the additional assumption that the adsorption coefficient of the adsorbed complex decreases exponentially as the electrode potential becomes more positive.


Polythioethers are disclosed, which is a reaction product comprising the reaction product of: a) three thiol-containing isocyanurate; b) a polythiol different from (a) a; and c) a diene. Also disclosed are compositions, such as a sealant composition, comprising the polythioether.