This paper introduces a zero-dimensional modeling on the plasma generation in electrothermal gun operation. The plasma generator consists of alumina bore and aluminum electrodes which is electrically powered by outer pulse forming network and, traditionally, its numerical simulations have employed time-dependent one-dimensional governing equations. However, by assuming isothermal approximation along the bore and choked bore exit condition, present analysis simplifies the mass and energy equations into zero-dimensional approximation of plasma conditions coupled with mass ablation model and plasma property evaluation. The numerical results show good agreement with the corresponding one-dimensional computations and thus verify the present modeling approach.


ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability of transcranial Doppler ultrasound in detecting symptomatic vasospasm in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and monitoring response after hypertensive and endovascular treatments. DesignRetrospective chart review. SettingNeurosciences critical care unit in a tertiary-care university hospital. PatientsAll patients admitted to a neurosciences critical care unit with the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage between January 1990 and June 1997. InterventionsNone Measurements and Main ResultsWe reviewed transcranial Doppler ultrasound data of 199 patients; 55 had symptomatic vasospasm. Clinical symptoms and corresponding vascular distributions were identified, as was angiographic vasospasm (n = 35). The sensitivity and specificity of transcranial Doppler ultrasound for anterior circulation vessels were calculated by using a mean cerebral blood flow velocity criterion of >120 cm/sec. Clinical diagnosis of symptomatic vasospasm was used as the standard to determine sensitivity and specificity of transcranial Doppler ultrasound and cerebral angiography.The sensitivity of transcranial Doppler ultrasound for anterior circulation in patients with symptomatic vasospasm was 73% with a specificity of 80%. The sensitivity of cerebral angiography was 80%. For individual vessels, the sensitivity and specificity of transcranial Doppler ultrasound were middle cerebral artery, 64% and 78%; anterior cerebral artery, 45% and 84%; and internal carotid artery, 80% and 77%, respectively. The mean times for symptomatic and transcranial Doppler ultrasound signs of vasospasm presentation were 6.4 ± 2 and 6.1 ± 3 days, respectively. In patients without symptomatic vasospasm, the mean time for mean cerebral blood flow velocities >120 cm/sec was 7.0 ± 3 days (p < .05). Symptomatic vasospasm also was associated with thickness of clot on head computed tomography scan and rapidly increasing mean cerebral blood flow velocities. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound signs of vasospasm improved after endovascular treatment in 30 patients. ConclusionsThe reliability of transcranial Doppler ultrasound was better at detecting high mean cerebral blood flow velocities in patients with symptomatic vasospasm related to middle cerebral and internal carotid artery distributions than for anterior cerebral artery distribution. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was as sensitive as cerebral angiography at detecting symptomatic vasospasm. High mean cerebral blood flow velocities can be apparent before the presence of symptomatic vasospasm. Daily transcranial Doppler ultrasound monitoring could provide early identification of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who are at high risk for symptomatic vasospasm and may be helpful at following success of endovascular treatment.


5566 Background: The limited therapeutic index of chemotherapy in recurrent or metastatic MSGT provides a strong rationale for the evaluation of molecularly targeted agents in this disease. Lapatinib is a dual inhibitor of EGFR and ErbB2 tyrosine kinase activity. Expression of ErbB2 and EGFR has been associated with biological aggressiveness and poor prognosis in MSGT, respectively. We conducted a phase II study to determine the antitumor activity of lapatinib in MSGT.

METHODS
The main study has a two-stage design in which patients (pts) with progressive, recurrent or metastatic ACC, and immunohistochemically expressing at least 1+ EGFR and/or 2+ ErbB2, were treated with lapatinib 1500 mg PO daily. Each cycle consists of 4 weeks of continuous dosing. Pts with non-ACC MSGT of other histologies, meeting identical eligibility criteria, were treated in this trial as a single-stage, separate cohort.

RESULTS
Of 57 pts screened for this study, 29/33 (88%) ACC and 22/24 (92%) non-ACC pts expressed EGFR and/or ErbB2. Thirty-eight pts have been accrued to the study to date (20 ACC/18 non-ACC). The remaining 13 pts who were screened positive either declined entry or were ineligible for other reasons. Baseline data on 34 pts are: M:F = 25:9, median age 56 (range 38-80), PS 0:1:2 = 16:17:1, prior radiation:chemotherapy = 30:18. After 92 cycles of therapy, the most frequent adverse events experienced (as % of cycles) were diarrhea (54%), pain (52%), fatigue (52%), lymphopenia (39%), anemia (38%), hyperglycemia (38%) and dyspnea (34%). No grade 4 adverse events have occurred and only 8 pts experienced a grade 3 adverse event, primarily pain and dyspnea. No significant cardiac toxicity has been observed. Among 14 ACC pts evaluable for response so far: 9 have SD (range 2-9 cycles), 3 PD, and 2 died prior to cycle 2. For 12 evaluable non-ACC pts: 8 have SD (range 2-9 cycles), and 4 PD. No pts have had an objective response.

CONCLUSIONS
Although there are no objective responses to date, lapatinib is well tolerated, with tumor stabilization achieved by 64% of pts and 24/38 pts remain on treatment at present. Trial accrual of ACC pts into the first stage has been completed, the second stage will open if an objective response is seen. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


SYNOPSIS Ten years observation by GDF on Tersanne solution- mined gas storage field, offers the opportunity for a mechanical interpretation of the surface subsidence. According to the geological context, the rockmass was modellised by a two-layered medium with highly contrasted mechanical behavior: a soft elastic clay cover, and a viscous salt mass. Given the field uncertainties, mostly related to the cover layer, and the three- dimensional nature of the problem, indirect methods were used to obtain bounds for the surface subsidence evolu tion and a parametric study was performed. Comparison with data of the field allows to detennine likely rock mass parame ters, put forward some typical mechanical response, and give some insight on the trends of the subsidence phenomena.


Generally, rural credit markets in developing countries are characterized by market failures associated with imperfect information and risk. These failures persist due to weak contract enforcement institutions, thus increasing the potential for high strategic default rates. Knowing this, input suppliers are reluctant to provide inputs on credit to farmers. The concept of dynamic incentives is used to develop conditions that minimize the potential for strategic default when offering agricultural inputs on credit to rural smallholder farmers. Using data collected through a framed field experiment that simulates a market for input on credit, the article shows that the existence of an information exchange system, amongst input sellers, which mimics the role of a "credit score", can effectively deter default behavior by farmers receiving inputs on credit. Moreover, productivity shocks that affect the return to the use of inputs also affect the opportunity cost of repayment, and thus farmer's decision to repay.


Time loss in time and motion study of the collection of municipal solid waste in Uyo metropolis was observed to affect the round-trip time, the solid waste generation rate and the collection efficiency of the haul container system of solid waste management, and hence needed information to drive control or reduction in the service. The result showed that its effects depended on the truck, route zone and operators skill in maneuvering the routes to reduce the dead ends and waste hours. Seven components of time losses with values ranging from 7 to 40 minutes per trip were measured, giving valuable total times loss per service truck per day as 2.0 hr for zones 2, 3 and 6, and 1.95hr for zone 4. The time loss for collection efficiency showed significant difference (P = 0.05) between zones and trucks, and varied as 19%, 20%, 7% and 30% for trucks 046, 053, 060 and 072 used in zones 03, 02, 04 and 06 respectively. Trucks for zones 05 and 01 were invalid. The available time was thus reduced. With average cycle time of 17.30 min to 24.21 min per trip, such loss time, in turn, reduced collection efficiency by 20 to 25% per truck thereby reducing the total trips and daily turnover. Recommendations include micro-routing principles, operators' motivation with team spirit and avoidance of observed start-up delays. Also route re-design of more dense zones and sparsely populated zones are recommended in order to bring trip time to near equality.


It has been found that many landslides occur in snowy areas. According to our researches, the relation has been found between the occurrence of landslides and the depth of snowcover. In order to clarify this phenomenon, an automatic observation apparatus was introduced and an artificial landslide was produced. It was suggested that the landslide would be predicted by the investigation of constant strength c and φ of clay in the sliding zone, the behavior of the compound shearing force depending on the gap hydraulic pressure and the pressure of the air enclosed in the ground, and the worsening of sliding zone of permeability.


Staphylococcus aureus infections particularly infections with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in their practices. One only has to look at stories in the national and local media about outbreaks of MRSA infection to appreciate how widespread MRSA has become. Recently, Klevens et al. [1], using data from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance system of the Emerging Infections Program Network of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, estimated that, in the United States during 2005, there were 94,360 invasive MRSA infections and 18,650 related in-hospital deaths. Clearly, there is a compelling need to better understand the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of such infections. Serious infections due to MRSA, such as endocarditis, pneumonia, and bacteremia, have become more prevalent in the hospital setting. Perhaps more importantly, MRSA infections are now quite commonplace among previously healthy individuals with no or limited exposure to health care settings. So-called communityacquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections


The dimensionality of existing data make it difficult to deploy any information to identify features that discriminate between the classes of interest. Feature selection involves reducing the number of features, removes irrelevant, noisy and redundant data without significantly decreasing the prediction accuracy of the classifier. An efficient feature selection and classification technique for face recognition is presented in this paper. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for feature selection and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification are incorporated in the proposed technique. The proposed GAs-SVM technique has two purposes in this research: Selecting of the optimal feature subset and Selecting of the kernel parameters for SVM classifier. The input feature vector for the GAs-SVM are extracted by using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). We evaluate its efficiency compared to the recently proposed feature selection algorithm based on mutual information. The results show that the proposed approach is promising, it is able to select small subsets and still improve the classification accuracy.


The structure of the title compound, 1,4-C6H4[PO(C6H5)2]2 (C30H24O2P2), is the first to be reported of a phenylenebis(phosphine oxide). The molecule lies about an inversion centre and the unique P atom has a distorted tetrahedral environment; P=O 1.489 (3), average P—C 1.812 (4) A, average C—P—C 106.9 (8) and average O—P—C 112.0 (2)°. The structure is stabilized by C—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds.


Abstract Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that some enstatites from garnet-pyroxenites in the Chinese Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane consist of intimate intergrowths of orthoenstatite (OREN) and clinoenstatite (CLEN), and some grains of pyroxene (MgFe)2Si2O6 exhibit inclined extinction. These garnet pyroxenites are enclosed in coesite-bearing eclogite or interlayered with harzburgite and omphacitite. They contain garnet (Prp54 to Prp73), "enstatite" (En85 to En92), magnesite, and titanomagnetite (Sulu sample) or clinohumite (Dabie sample), and recrystallized at about 4.0-6.5 ± 0.2 GPa, ~750 ± 50°C. All clinoenstatite lamellae in the host orthoenstatite have even numbers of 9 Å (100) fringes without twins, and are oriented parallel to (100) of the host. The lamellae and host phases have nearly identical (MgFe)2Si2O6 compositions. The thickest observed CLEN lamellae are ~0.4 mm. Clinoenstatites from Sulu have cell parameters: a = 9.67(7) Å, b = 8.88(6) Å, c = 5.22(3) Å, b = 107.7(2)∞, and V = 427(8) Å3, and those from Dabie: a = 9.53(6) Å, b = 8.88(6) Å, c = 5.24(3) Å, b = 107.0(2)°, and V = 424(8) Å3. The TEM electron-diffraction patterns indicate that both clinoenstatites possess P21/c structures and are the low-P polymorph of clinoenstatite. The host orthoenstatites have cell dimension: a = 18.32(12) Å, b = 8.88(6) Å, c = 5.20(3) Å for the Sulu sample, and a = 18.24 (12) Å, b = 8.88(6) Å, c = 5.18(3) Å for the Dabie sample. Clinoenstatites in garnet pyroxenites from the Dabie-Sulu UHP terrane may have formed either by inversion from OREN, or by the displacive transformation from high-P clinoenstatite during decompression


Organic and carbonate carbon in sediments deposited in the Cariaco Basin and on the Mississippi River Delta and the total dissolved inorganic carbon in four water column profiles comprise the samples in this list. Except as noted below the samples were processed using the benzene synthesis and other procedures described by Mathews, et al (1972).


The diagnosis of the urinary incontinence is decided by medical doctor's subjective conclusion with question, physical test and urodynamic test. Therefore, they can do misdiagnosis and it is limited to objectively support the result of the diagnosis. It is necessary to diagnose exactly because of the treatment pattern have to change according to degree of urinary incontinence. In this study, it is proposed that the development of the bio-signal measurement system which is useful for quantitative index at the diagnosis of urinary incontinence by using to measure contraction pressure of the pelvic floor muscle. The contraction pressure of the pelvic floor muscle was measured by balloon sensor and was changed electrical signal by pressure sensor. Electrical signal was transmitted to PC through the DAQ pad. In PC, GUI was composed to analyze pressure data and to extract the diagnostic parameters. Using the bio-signal measurement system that was proposed in this study, the contraction pressure data were acquired from a normal person and a stress urinary incontinence patient and numeric diagnostic parameters were extracted using developed analysis S/W. After comparing each diagnosis parameters, we can find the difference in differential pressure and pressure reducing rate. With these results, diagnostic parameters were considered that it will be able to use as the index of quantitative urinary incontinence diagnosis.


The realization of a unified and efficient marine communication network is not only about how to develop a communication system, but also how to manage them, that is, how to set up an efficient marine communication network. Marine hierarchical-heterogeneous network is a multi-level integrated marine communication network, with shore-based, ship-based, star-based, space-based, underwater sound/light base station access, transmission and information aggregation capability. The access control, heterogeneous networking and resource optimization scheduling technology is facing enormous challenges, according to different priorities and types of services. Considering the complexity of the heterogeneous network as a cross-network with multi-user and multi-service, it is necessary to apply the delay tolerance network technology, cooperative technology, TD-LTE and software definition network technology into the network architecture design. The vision is exploiting DTN technology based ship-borne Internet, and the space-sea cooperative DTN data transmission scheduling mechanism; exploring the underwater acoustic/optical communication network switching scheduling mechanism; and then software definition heterogeneous network implementation is proposed, especially its optimal target network selection scheme. The project is meant as a petri 18th Annual General Assembly 2017 International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU)


Aiming at the problem of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm converging fast, easy to fall into local optimum, poor accuracy, and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm global and local search ability is strong but the convergence speed of the optimization process is slow, a solution is proposed. The search process and optimization process in the artificial bee colony algorithm are added to the optimized particle swarm algorithm, namely the ABC-PSO algorithm, which has good global search capabilities and fast convergence. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of particle search, an adaptive inertia weight method is proposed, which uses different weight values at different stages. The final results show that the algorithm in this paper can find the optimal path quickly and efficiently.


In one sense , the study of religions is as old as religion itself, or at least as the first human beings who looked at their neighbours or themselves and wondered what they were doing when they did what we have come to call religion. In another sense , in most pa rtS o f the world the study of religions in a narrower, more technical sense, as the non-theological study of religion in the context of higher education, did no t begin in earnest until afte r the Second Wo rld Wa r. In the same period, the academic study of religio ns expanded greatly in Eu rope, which already had firm if small tradi tions o f such study. In those parts of the wo rld that had traditions of teaching theology, such as North America and colonial Africa, the development of the study of religions was largely a shift in emphasis from examining the world thro ugh a lens shaped by religious conviction to examining it thro ugh one shaped by perspectival pluralism, re ligious uncertainty, or anti ~ re lig iou s naturalism, usually an uneve n mixture o f all three. The shift rarely satisfied everyone. In other parts o f the world, such as East Asia, it invo lved building an academic enterprise around an imported foreign category, 'religion', Although the expansion and inte rnationaliza tion of the study of religions began in ea rnes t afte r the Second World War, an exac t starting po int is impossible to dete rmine. As the preceding chapter demonstrates, the academic study of re ligions had a long prehistory and history in Europe, and the global move to study religions academically had neither a single founder nor a founding moment. Nevertheless, it is clear that as Europe and Japan rebuil t, as Europe gradually divested itself of its colonies , as much of the rest of the world tried its hand at self-government, and as the Cold War divided up the wo rld be twee n two and later three great powers vying for influence, the United States, the Soviet Union , and the People's Republic o r China, universities and colleges in many parts of the world instituted programmes for the study o f religions. From the point of view of history, it is just becoming possible to assess the earliest of these events. Their lasting significance the significance tha t makes people in la ter periods want to remember them and transmit them to succeeding generatio ns as history will not be apparent until those la te r periods come into being. At the same time, o ne sho uld not ignore the m, even if it is te mpting for o lder gene rations to dismiss some developme nts as re trograde. They are the movements that shape the study of religions today.


The synthesis and structure of a Zn-Zn-bonded compound supported by a doubly reduced alpha-diimine ligand, [Na(THF)2]2 x [LZn-ZnL] (L = [(2,6-(i)Pr2C6H3)N(Me)C]2(2-)) are reported, with a Zn-Zn bond length of 2.399(1) angstroms.


In my first essay I carefully go over the occurrences of the verb "'yt", «to bend, to make crooked», in Amos, Psalms, Lamentations and Job. The aim of such a research is to define the meaning of this verb within the various contexts in which it occurs, so that I can late explain what does Qohelet mean by "'yt". The passage from the book of Amos in which "'yt" occurs recalls the prohibitions of Deuteronomy and Leviticus about the «balances of deceit», a theme which is often found in other texts such as Hosea, Micah, Proverbs. In the book of Proverbs the «balances of deceit» are condemned by the solemn formula "to'abat YHWH", which underlines what is incompatible with God's nature and therefore chaotic, alien and dangerous within the cosmic and social order. It has to be remarked that in two passages from the same book it is Qohelet's catchword "hbl" which shows such overtones. In Job 19,6 the object of "'yt" is Job himself, who states that God has undoubtedly wronged him, in opposition to the opinions upheld by his friends. After going over these texts, I conclude that "'yt" is linked to what does not correspond to fixed and acknowledged rules, that is, after all, to the disorder. Things being as they are, as I believe, in the last part of my essay I pause to investigate into the order's grounds in traditional Wisdom. The examination of some passages from the book of Proverbs shows that it is up to the sage to walk along his «path», that's to say to behave like the righteous, so that he can consolidate in human life the order God fixed at the beginning of creation. The one who acts like this follows the way of the justice; the one who subverts it makes an «abomination to Lord» and an attempt to Israel's holiness. To sum up, "'yt" «to bend, to make crooked, to pervert» anyway is the same as endangering the order and transgressing the justice and if it is Jhwh himself who perverts right and justice, traditional Wisdom is seriously questioned. Now it is necessary to verify what is the precise meaning of "'yt" in the book of Qohelet, and this will be the object of my next paper.


The fundamental role of nitric oxide (NO) in the maintenance of normal human physiology and the attendant pathology resultant from its perturbation in disease states is becoming increasingly apparent. That NO mediates such diverse functions as maintenance of volume and pressure homeostasis, neurotransmission, and immunity is not surprising given its primordial origins. NO synthesis has been detected in species as diverse as slime mould, locusts, and man. This article will review the structure and regulation of the nitric oxide synthases and discuss selected aspects of the role of NO in human health and disease. The reader is referred to excellent recent reviews for more detailed discussions [1,2].


Introduction: Whether infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to excess risk of requiring hospitalization or intensive care in persons with diabetes has not been reported, nor have risk factors in diabetes associated with increased risk for these outcomes.

Methods: We included 44,639 and 411,976 adult patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes alive on Jan 1, 2020, and compared them to controls matched for age, sex, and county of residence (n=204,919 and 1,948,900). Standardized rates of hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care and death were estimated and hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression analyses.

Findings: There were 10,486 hospitalizations and 1,416 admissions into intensive care. A total of 1,175 patients with diabetes and 1,820 matched controls died from COVID-19, of these 53·2% had been hospitalized and 10·7% had been in intensive care. Patients with type 2 diabetes, compared to controls, displayed a hazard ratio (HR) of 2·22, 95%CI 2·13-2·32) of being hospitalized, which decreased to HR 1·40, 95%CI 1·34-1·47) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, pharmacological treatment and comorbidities, had higher risk for admission to intensive care (HR 2·49, 95%CI 2·22-2·79, decreasing to 1·42, 95%CI 1·25-1·62 after adjustment, and increased risk for death (HR 2·19, 95%CI 2·03-2·36, adjusted 1·50, 95%CI 1·39-1·63). HR for hospitalization for type 1 diabetes was 2·10, 95%CI 1·72-2·57), decreasing to 1·25, 95%CI 0·3097-1·62) after adjustment· Patients with diabetes type 1 were twice as likely to require intensive care for COVID-19, however, not after adjustment (HR 1·49, 95%CI 0·75-2·92), and more likely to die (HR 2·90, 95% CI 1·6554-5·47), but not independently of other factors (HR 1·38, 95% CI 0·64-2·99). Among people with diabetes, elevated glycated hemoglobin levels were associated with higher risk for most outcomes.

Interpretation: In this nationwide study, type 2 diabetes was independently associated with increased risk of hospitalization, admission to intensive care and death for COVID-19, whereas type 1 diabetes was not independently associated with excess risk for any outcome.

Funding Statement: This work was supported by grants from: the Swedish state under an agreement concerning research and education of doctors [ALFGBG-717211]; the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation [2018- 0366]; the Swedish Research Council [2013-05187, VRREG 2019-00193, 2020-05792]

Declaration of Interests: Professor Eliasson reports personal fees (expert panels, lectures) from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma, Navamedic, NovoNordisk, RLS Global, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, all outside the submitted work. NN declare that they have no conflict of interest. MG reports personal fees (scientific advisory boards, lectures) from Gilead Sciences, GSK/ViiV, MSD, Biogen, Amgen, Novocure, Novo Nordic and research grants from Gilead Sciences, all outside the submitted work. All other authors have nothing to disclose.

Ethics Approval Statement: The Swedish Ethical Review Authority approved the study.


This paper discusses the transmission of the apocrypha concerning the birth and youth of Mary in the Latin West, to point out differences and resemblances with the transmission of the Virtutes apostolorum. It focuses especially on the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew. Concerning the relation between text transmission and editorial method, it argues that the traditional presentation of the edition published in SA 9 was the appropriate ratio edendi for a text that had an intricate but recognizable transmission history.


The emphasis in this work is on the practical application of ideas set forth in Part I. Two studies involving spatial distribution are discussed: the distribution of human population in the Indianapolis, Indiana Region, and the world distribution of mammals. In the first, populations over the period 1890–1980 of Ihe 393 townships making up the study area are used to produce classifications involving various numbers of classes of township types. A test of the theoretical structure posed in Part I is then detailed. On the theory that the underlying relations involved cannot sustain a real world structure involving more than five functional classes, it is hypothesized that classifications involving more than five classes will be associated with township distribution patterns that conflict with Central Place Theory. This is shown to be clearly so. In the second study, the derivation of a five region partitioning of world mammalian distribution patterns is described. Discussion includes the introduction of a w...


This paper discusses how to improve input capacitance modeling of logic gates for accurate STA (static timing analysis). The input capacitance of logic gates exhibits nonlinear behavior with respect to input signal voltage. Also, its value varies depending on the driving condition of stable inputs as well as loading of multiple-input gates condition of the gate. For the non-linearity issue, the authors propose to use an equivalent capacitance value derived by the integration of input current during partial transition instead of full transition. For the second issue, the authors suggest to consider the minimum capacitance as well as the maximum capacitance, which will eliminate possible errors in the shortest path calculation for hold violation analysis


The 6 Ahara Parinamakara bhava as described in Charaka Samhita are the factors which are responsible for digestion. Each has specific role in the process of digestion. The word Lifestyle includes dietary habits, water drinking habits, conducts after meal etc which have been described in detail in Ayurveda. Improper Lifestyle leads to indigestion due to lack of Ahara Parinamakara bhava. Present study aims at establishment of relationship between Lifestyle and Ahara Parinamakara Bhava.


Small-angle neutron scattering is used to study the interaction between the colloidal particles when they are suspended in an end-functionalized polymer solution. By matching the scattering length ...


By showing thoeries of some of the major authors dealing with cinema (Deleuze, Pirandello, Pasolini, Adorno), the essay attempts to excede the conception, still dominant in Italy, which in art enhances intuition and form by disadvantaging matter and a certain kind of perception that goes beyond the object's fixity. In other words, the essay tries to bring out the relationship that the visible can entertain with the invisible.


Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the process of designing the measurement instrument that captures attitudes and perceptions of manifest forms of sustainable marketing in higher education in order to gain an insight into the way of how each selected group of higher education stakeholders perceive and understand the concept and the meaning of sustainable marketing.
 Methodology: In order to gain new knowledge, primary research was conducted on a purposive sampling of experts, where 104 valid and complete answers from selected stakeholders related to higher education were received. Quantitative analysis of the collected data was then applied, using descriptive statistics methods and procedures for determining the instrument's dimensionality, validity and reliability.
 Results: After the exploratory factor analysis, the multidimensional structure of the proposed measurement instrument of sustainable marketing in higher education was determined, which meets all the given scale validity criteria.
 Conclusion: This research has formed a valid measurement instrument of sustainable marketing in higher education of statistical and theoretical significance, which can be used for further research, development and validation.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with direct intraarticular injection of contrast (direct MR arthrography) has been employed for the diagnosis of labral and cartilaginous lesions. Several studies have shown direct MR arthrography is superior to conventional non-contrast MR imaging for detection of cartilage and labral pathologies. Magee (1) found 3.0-T MR arthrography is more sensitive than conventional MR for detection of acetabular cartilaginous defects. However, there are several disadvantages with direct MR arthrography, including its invasive nature and inherent radiation required for image guided contrast injection (2). Indirect MR arthrography has been introduced as an alternative that provides high quality and arthrogram-like images of the articulation by enhancing the highly vascular synovial membranes and by secondary arthrographic effect with contrast excreted into the synovial space. It does not require intraarticular contrast injection, thus avoids radiation exposure, the invasive nature, and the potential additional scheduling coordination problems. Indirect MR arthrogram is performed after intravenous (IV) gadolinium injection and variable periods of delay and/or exercise to allow contrast to passively diffuse into the joint thereby simulating the arthographic effect. In a typical protocol, patients are instructed to walk on a treadmill at the speed of 2.5-3 miles/hour for 15 minutes before image acquisition. Standard image analysis is performed by dividing the femoral and acetabular cartilage and labral zones into 4 quadrants (3): anteroinferior (AI) 6-9 o'clock; anterosuperior (AS) 9-12 o'clock; posterosuperior (PS) 12-3 o'clock; and posteroinferior (PI) 3-6 o'clock. Only a few studies have tested the value of indirect MR arthrogram in the evaluation of femoroacetabular labrum and cartilage. Zlatkin et al (4) found conventional MRI detects only 85% of arthroscopically detected labral tears, whereas 100% of tears are identified by indirect MR arthrography. Moreover, 70% of labral tears identified on conventional MRI are better delineated by indirect MR arthrography. However, it was concluded that detection and characterisation of cartilage abnormalities do not improve with the use of indirect MR arthrography over conventional MRI. Of note, this study was limited, as it was performed on a 1.5-T magnet and on a limited number of 14 patients. In a more recent study by Petchprapa et al (3), indirect MR arthrography on a 3-T magnet was employed to evaluate hip cartilage and labral pathology, using arthroscopy as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negativeand positive-predictive values of indirect MR arthrography for labral lesion were 98%, 99%, 99%, 99% and 98%, respectively. The respective values for acetabular cartilage lesion were 69%, 98%, 89%, 87% and 95% and for femoral cartilage lesion 69%, 95%, 93% and 39%. It was concluded that indirect MR arthrography is a viable alternative to direct MR arthrography. However, this study had no head-to-head comparison with conventional MRI. Regarding the advantages of indirect MR arthrogram over direct MR arthrogram, this imaging approach warrants further consideration by the radiology community. Future studies with head-to-head comparison of conventional imaging as well as direct and indirect MR arthrography using the gold standard of arthroscopy are needed to evaluate the potential for substitution of direct hip arthrogram with its noninvasive counterpart.


The pile is assumed to be a Timoshenko beam,and the soil around the pile is treated as Winkler foundation.The motion differential equation of this pile-soil system under lateral vibration is derived.Numerical solution is obtained by the finite difference method,and the theoretic velocity curve of the lateral vibration on the top of the pile is worked out.The obtained theoretic velocity curve and that of Bernoulli-Euler beam are compared to the actual velocity curve of test pile,and the result indicates that the adoption of Timoshenko beam model in low strain lateral dynamic testing of pile is necessary.


The bachelor thesis Discrimination of Employee in Labor and Criminal Law Context is focused on the principle of equal treatment and non-discrimination of all people. First, I describe the legislation prohibiting discrimination in international law and also in law of European Union and the Czech Republic. Explanations of specific terms such as equality, equal treatment and the concept of discrimination or sexual harassment, relate to this topic. Attention is also dedicated to the legally prescribed reasons of discrimination that are constantly changing with the development of people. Finally, I analyze some cases of employee discrimination handled by the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic.


Micro-replicas are minutely detailed impressions, or casts, of the surface configurations of objects. The preparation of transparent micro-replicas is a technique useful to scientists and one that can be turned to advantage in teaching. It is adaptable to investigations by younger students. Mounted on glass slides for microscopic study, such replicas are unsurpassed for demonstrating the fine surface structure of opaque objects. Objects painted with suitable solvents may be pressed against plastic cover slips to produce impressions (Lonert, 1960a, 1960b). This can give excellent results and is said to have certain points of superiority to the use of celluloid film or other plastic films softened by heat. However, the flatness of the cover slip limits its usefulness to small areas of subjects that are curved. I have recently found that beautiful and intricate replicas of surfaces of any contour can be prepared by the use of ordinary colorless nail polish. The surface to be studied is coated with the liquid polish and allowed to dry for several hours. If the film is peeled off too soon, it will be soft and may stretch, distorting the pattern excessively. If the film is allowed to harden too long in a dry atmosphere, it may not be pliable enough to permit moderate flattening without cracking. Some experimentation will be necessary to determine the best thickness of coating and the drying time for the object being studied and the prevailing atmospheric conditions. Different brands of polish may differ in pliability and in time required for hardening. A sharp blade, such as a pointed scalpel or a broken portion of razor blade, is used to cut into the film coating around the area desired for study. There is usually no difficulty in stripping the film. The trimmed replica may be lifted off carefully with a corner of the blade or with fine forceps. Trimming replicas of tiny objects is best performed under a dissecting microscope. Care is required at this stage, since static electricity may cause the fine, lightweight films to cling stubbornly, and a quick breath may blow them away. The replica should be carefully oriented on a clean, dry microscope slide for examination. With replicas of this type, oblique illumination is not necessarv. The lower surface of the film has followed every ridge and valley of the subject, whereas the upper surface has dried smooth and level; hence the film differs markedly in thickness in different areas. These differences cause light passing through the film to be bent to different degrees, so that bold outlines of the surface markings can be seen by transmitted light even though all parts of the replicas are transparent. These replicas can be used advantageously to study patterns of stomata and epidermal cells on leaves, details of sculpture and pilosity of the exoskeletons of arthropods, and many other subjects. An interested, careful student can prepare excellent replicas and feel that in some cases he may be viewing something that has not been seen before. Enough skill and care are required to present a distinct challenge. Some of the results will be disappointing, but others will more than make up for this. These replicas can be made semi-permanent by mounting them dry, on slides. Each should be covered with a clean, dry cover slip, gently but not too firmly flattened, and carefully sealed around the edges with adhesive cellophane tape or by a gummed label with a hole neatly cut in the center. If a gummed label is used, care should be taken to use a minimum of moisture in sealing. The films are hygroscopic, and absorption of moisture may cause them to swell and flatten, losing their delicate impressions. The replicas should be protected from moisture when stored, and of course, should never be exposed to solvents that will soften the film.


Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the 100% CUP(condom use program)at entertainment establishments in Wuhan,China.Methods Non-probability sampling was used in the sample survey and Huangpi District was selected.In twenty months a total of 435 eligible female sex workers participated by having a face-to-face quantitative interview.Results The awareness rate of STDs/AIDS of the female sex workers showed significant difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention;The results of analysis showed that use rate of condom(the last commercial sexual service)was increased from 60.5%(before intervention)to 91.20%(15 months after intervention),and meanwhile the prevalence rates of Chlamydia and Syphilis were decreased.Conclusions The demonstration analysis suggests that 100% CUP in entertainment establishments is an effective and feasible strategy for the control of the spread of AIDS/STDs in China.


The safety of unprotected road users, such as pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, can be improved by means of intelligent technology. In this paper, the topic of on-board warning generation for cars moving in an urban scenario is addressed. A warning can be based on the evaluation of the collision risk. The risk assessment task is performed off-line relying on suitable stochastic models of the unprotected road users behaviour, and on deterministic dynamical model of the car, as well as applying a Monte Carlo simulation-based technique.


Measuring the optical quality of float glass is currently carried out off-line by skilled operators. A system which will soon be installed on a float line in the USA raises the prospect of on-line detection of distorsions such as ream lines and thickness variations using the same equipment which detects defects in the glass. The integrated inspection system could eliminate headaches for both glassmakers and car drivers.


For many years, advocates of negotiated rulemaking have advanced enthusiastic claims about how negotiated rulemaking would reduce litigation and shorten the rulemaking process. In an earlier study, I tested these claims systematically by assessing the effectiveness of negotiated rulemaking against existing rulemaking processes. I found that negotiated rulemaking neither saves time nor reduces litigation. Recently, Philip Harter, a longtime advocate of negotiated rulemaking, has criticized my study and asserted that negotiated rulemaking has succeeded remarkably in achieving its goals. Harter criticized the way I measured the length of the rulemaking process, claimed that I failed to appreciate differences in litigation, and suggested that my results did not matter in any case since negotiated rulemaking has resulted in rules that are demonstrably better than rules developed through conventional regulatory practices. In this paper, I respond to Harter's continued defense of negotiated rulemaking, showing why none of his criticisms undercuts the findings of my original research. Harter disregarded basic standards for empirical research in the arguments he advanced to criticize the way I analyzed rulemaking duration and the incidence of litigation. Moreover, Harter has failed to provide any credible evidence to support his present claim that negotiated rulemaking has resulted in rules that are better than those developed through conventional processes. The absence of support for Harter's criticisms, like the absence of support for the claims made by other advocates of negotiated rulemaking over the years, serves only to underscore the conclusion of my original research that the promises made for negotiated rulemaking remain unfulfilled.


The objective of this research is to perform a health risk assessment from work of rubber farmers in Nongsang District, Udonthani Province.  Data collection involved interviews with 114 rubber famers, during March and April, 2011. The data were analyzed by determination of statistics, percentage, average and standard deviation. Of the 114 rubber farmers, were male 67.5% , with an average age of 48.9 ±11.0 years. The average area for growing rubber trees is 20.7 Rai per family (Rai = a unit of area equivalent to 1,600 square meters or 0.4 acre). There were 5 steps for rubber farming activities: first, plant the rubber trees; econd, eradicate weeds; third, apply fertilizer for rubber trees; fourth, slit trees trunks to obtain rubber sap; and  finally, produce rubber sheets. The main issue for physical health hazard was heat an exposure to sunlight during the growing phase. The main issue for chemical health hazard was exposure to formic acid during the rubber sheet production phase. Main issues for biological health hazards are exposure to mosquitoes and other insects in the trunk slitting phase. The main issue for ergonomic health hazards is repetitive hand and wrist motion in the  trunk slitting step. The results of this health risk assessment show that, for physical health hazards, there is high risk for rubber farmers from manure dust exposure. As for the health risk from chemical health hazards, there is high risk for the rubber farmers from formic acid exposure. Regarding the health risk from biological health hazards, there is a high risk from exposure to mosquitoes and other insects in both the planting and sheet production phase.  The health risks from ergonomics health hazards, include a high risk of injury from repetitive hand and wrist use and from working with the arms above shoulder height during trunk slitting. There is also a risk of injury from repetitive squatting during the planting phase. The level of knowledge about rubber farming activities, is at a medium level is 64.0% of the rubber farmers. The suggestions for health risk management are: use appropriate person protective equipment (PPE) in pest and weed irradiation; arrange meetings for providing rubber farmers knowledge in chemical use an ergonomics. Keyword :  rubber farmers , health hazard, health risk


It follows at once from Pythagoras' theorem about a right-angled triangle that the sum of the squares of the lengths of the diagonals of a rectangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the four sides. Apollonius showed that the assertion holds for a parallelogram and, more recently, Amir-Moez and Hamilton gave a generalization to quadrilaterals by introducing a correction term which depends on the distance between the mid-points of the diagonals.


Investigating whether two different classifications of a population are associated, is an interesting problem in many scientific fields. For this reason, various statistical tests to reveal this type of associations have been developed, with the most popular of them being Fisher's exact test. However it has lately been shown that in some cases this test fails to produce accurate results. An alternative approach, known as randomization tests, was introduced to alleviate this issue, however, such tests are computationally intensive. In this paper, we introduce two novel indexing approaches that exploit frequently occurring patterns in classifications to avoid performing redundant computations during the analysis. We conduct a comprehensive set of experiments using real datasets and application scenarios to show that our approaches always outperform the state-of-the-art, with one approach being faster by an order of magnitude.


The co-movements of labor productivity with output, total hours, vacancies and unemployment have changed since the mid 1980s. This paper offers an explanation for the sharp break in the fl uctuations of labor market variables based on endogenous labor supply decisions following the mortgage market deregulation. Our exercise shows that the dynamic pattern of the labor market variables might have been substantially affected by the increase in household leverage in the US in the last twenty years. We set up a search model with effi cient bargaining and fi nancial frictions, in which impatient borrowers can take an amount of credit that cannot exceed a proportion of the expected value of their real estate holdings. When borrowers' equity requirements are low, the impact of a positive technology shock on the marginal utility of consumption is strengthened, which in turn results in lower hours per worker and higher wages in the bargaining process. This shift in labor supply discourages fi rms from opening vacancies, reducing the impact of the shock on employment.


We show that binary cyclic codes of length n = 2^{m} - 1 with generator g(x)=m_{1}(x)m_{7}(x) have minimum distance unless m = 5 (and possibly m = 11, 13, or 17) .


Background. Combinations of 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) and recombinant alfa‐2a‐interferon (IFN) are synergistic in vitro and have demonstrated activity in colorectal carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial tumors.


MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on hours worked were drawn from an article by Leigh et al., and data on annual physician wages were drawn from the annual Medical Group Management Association Physician Compensation and Production Survey and the Physician Placement Starting Salary Survey. Hours per year were calculated by adding or subtracting yearly hours above mean to annual mean hours worked for each specialty. Hourly wage was calculated by taking annual salary and dividing it by annual hours worked. Annual work hours were reported on 38 different specialties, and annual median salaries were reported on 53 different specialties. The MGMA report was used for physician salaries. Pediatric varieties of cardiology, intensive care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology/oncology, infectious disease, nephrology, pulmonology, and rheumatology fell under the "other pediatrics" designation. Colorectal and pediatric surgeries fell under the "other surgical specialty" designation. Cardiology, interventional cardiology, and electrophysiology fell under the "cardiology" designation.


Objective:This study was performed to explore the correlation among plasma levels of natriuretic peptides and the left ventricular function and structure in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF),and to evaluate the value of plasma levels of natriuretic petides in the CHF diagnosis.Method:We enrolled 48 patients with CHF,among them,10 with coronary artery disease,22 with dilated cardiomyopathy,16 with hypertensive heart disease.Accoriding to the New York Heart Association(NYHA) class,15 patients were classified NYHA Ⅱ,24 NYHA Ⅲ,9 NYHA Ⅳ.Plasma levels of atrial and brain and C\|type natriuretic peptides (ANP,BNP,CNP) were measured by radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assay in these patients and 10 age and gender\|matched healthy controls.Doppler echocardiography was performed to measure left ventricular function and structure.Result:Plasma levels of ANP and BNP were significantly eleyated in CHF pATIENTS ( P all 0\^01),and levels increased in proportion to the severity of left ventricular dysfunction.In patients with LVEF45%,plasma level of BNP had a negative correlation with LVEF( P 0\^05),both ANP and BNP levels has positive correlations with pulmonary artery systolic pressure ( P 0\^05 or 0\^01),and BNP plasma level had a positive correlation with left ventricular end\|diastolic diameter and left ventricular mass index ( P all 0\^05). However,the CNP plasma level was not significantly elevzted in CHF patients ( P 0\^05).Conclusion:ANP and BNP plasma levels were good markers used to reflect left ventricular function,whereas BNP level was more sensitive and specific and had close relationship with left ventricular structure.Measurement of BNP plasma level was useful to reflect the immediate change of left ventricular function.


This paper describes the performance of routinary chemical tests of the Antillana de Acero production process as teaching laboratory practices in the Metallurgy Specialty of the ISPJAE. The experience was developed in the group of the second year and four labs practices were made with satisfactory results. This activity, contributed to the students skills to acquire own methods and techniques of analytical chemistry, widen, deepen, consolidate, generalize and would verify the theoretical foundations of the subject through experimentation. Key Words Laboratory practice, teaching unit, chemistry.


Elementary equations related to the ''six-factor'' formula for criticality are used to derive an expression for the cost of tritium, bred in a fission reactor, in terms of the cost of fissile material. Reasonable parameters give a value about two-thirds of that usually quoted (80 times the price of fissile) for fusion-fission reactor self-bred tritium. However, the handling costs and hazards associated with large-scale LWR tritium production are not assessed.


Interest in the development of improved composite materials has greatly increased in recent years due to their high energy dissipation characteristics and high stiffness-to-weight ratios. They are used in a variety of highly demanding structural applications, including aircraft, submarines, and military vehicles. There are numerous types of composites currently available, including carbon fibre, metal matrix, and ceramic matrix composites. Of particular interest in the current work is a specific variation of composite construction called "sandwich composites" or "sandwich panels." The term "sandwich panel" refers to a structure consisting of two thin faces bonded to a thick lightweight core. Photographs of some typical sandwich composite structures, with a honeycomb core, are shown on Fig. 1. The faces are typically of aluminum or some composite laminate, and the core could be a lightweight foam or a honeycomb structure. 1.1. Mathematical Model


Ceramic samples of the melilite-type La 1+x Sr 1-x Ga 3 O 7-δ (x = -0.15 to 0.60) compound were prepared by conventional ceramic processing. Sintering characteristics and microstructural evolution were studied. A phase diagram study was performed to establish the solid solubility limits as a function of the La:Sr ratio. Structural investigations of the Dalton composition as well as strontium- and lanthanum-rich samples entailed X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction techniques at ambient and elevated temperatures. The homogeneity region was remarkably broad (x = -0.15 to 0.60) with no changes in space group observed. A small shrinkage of the unit cell was found with increased lanthanum content. Phase transitions at ambient and intermediate temperatures did not occur.


the Doña Garoza episode as a variant on the Endrina story, though here Hart emphasizes the exempla exchange, perhaps because, being a nun, Garoza can be more easily inscribed in Patristic tradition than can the unchaste widow Endrina. While Hart praises Garoza and Trotaconventos for their adaptation of the traditional stories to the current situation, he doubts they can understand the meanings of their tales. Hart concludes with a praise of the Archpriest as an everyman who wavers morally, 'one of the most attractive figures in literature' (59). Hart's unrevised translation raises the question: Why reprint a text that is already widely available in Spanish? Hart implicitly answers that question in the Preface, where he defends himself against Laurence de Looze's recent criticisms that Hart's work is Robertsonian (Hart claims he cites Frye more, although in fact he cites Frye and Robinson four times each) and that Hart believes he can read like a medieval reader. This Hart denies, although he says that his approach 'attempt[s] to read the Libro [...] as it may have been read by its first readers' (13). Hart's self-defence suggests that he chose to republish his Alegoría to correct current critical misreadings of his work. My reading of Hart's translation persuades me of the justness of de Looze's larger argument that Hart's conclusions are inevitable, given his approach. The second part of this volume contains four short studies of the Libro, two of which had previously been published. The first, 'Marginal Notes on the Libro de buen amor', responds to Dagenais' 1994 Ethics of Reading in a Manuscript Culture and reveals how little Hart's views have changed since 1959. He praises Dagenais' emphasis on moral reading and his situating the Libro in European tradition (as opposed to the heterogeneous Iberian tradition, where María Rosa Lida de Malkiel and Américo Castro situated it), while arguing that medieval reading practices cannot be revealed by marginalia. The second, 'Exemplary Storytellers: Trotaconventos and Doña Garoza', examines the exempla exchange, analysing the rhetorical strategies employed by the two women. Hart confuses forensic and deliberative rhetoric, and insists the Archpriest and Garoza did not engage in intercourse, defending Garoza's honour. 'On Rereading the Serrana Episodes', a new study, analyses the eight narratives of the four encounters through the lens of Genette. Hart asserts: 'the Archpriest has no interest in sex without love' (82) because of his self-image as a lover. The final piece, also a new study, 'Leo Spitzer's Juan Ruiz', reviews the older scholar's work on the Libro, praising its insistence on the artistic unity of the Libro, while acknowledging that Spitzer's 'cavalier attitude toward the presentation of his work' (84) may discourage younger scholars from reading it, an omission Hart cautions against. The articles in the second half, like the unrevised translation in the first, show Hart engaging with few current scholars; he mostly disregards the vast recent production of Libro scholarship, while arguing that the work of older scholars, especially that of Spitzer and himself, should not be ignored. Scholars who see their work perhaps alluded to in Hart's dismissal of 'a more overtly political approach to literature' (68) may themselves feel ignored. DENISE K. FILIOS University of Iowa


A burst retransmission scheme for reducing burst loss due to link fault is experimentally demonstrated on OBS testbed. The TCP performance is experimentally evaluated showing that the TCP throughput has a significant improvement.


[Objective] To explore the relationships between abdominal obesity and body-type obesity and TCM constitutional types in order to provide some evidence for adjusting constitutional bias and preventing and treating obesity. [Methods] Through cross-sectional survey,983 data were collected from physical examination centers of two hospitals in Jiangxi and Anhui. The survey of TCM constitution was performed by standardized Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ). Use discriminatory analysis method to judge the Individual's constitutional types. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationships of abdominal obesity, body-type obesity and TCM constitutional types. [Results] Both logistic regression model one and two showed: Phlegm-wetness type significantly increased the risk of abdominal obesity(OR1=2.92,95%CI=1.76~4.86,P0.01;OR2=2.74, 95%CI=1.63~4.60,P0.01)and body-type obesity(OR1=0.36,95%CI=0.20~0.67,P0.01;OR2=0.38,95%CI=0.21~0.70,P0.01),and Yang-deficiency type significantly decreased the risk of body-type obesity(OR1=0.36,95%CI=0.20~0.67,P0.01;OR2=0.38,95%CI=0.21~0.70,P0.01). [Conclusion] Phlegm-wetness type is the main constitutional types of abdominal obesity and body-type obesity.


The time-resolved characteristics of pulsed inductively coupled O2/Ar plasmas have been investigated in this paper, by means of a Langmuir probe and a global model. The plasma properties, e.g., the electron density, effective electron temperature, and electron energy probability function (EEPF), have been experimentally investigated under various discharge conditions, combined with the comparison with simulated results. It is found that when the power is switched on, the electron density increases rapidly and then it reaches to a steady state with a constant value. When the power is switched off, the electron density exhibits a peak at the initial afterglow period, and then it decays gradually to a very low value. This peak may be caused by the detachment of negative ions. Moreover, it is noted that the effective electron temperature also increases to a peak value at the early afterglow, which can be understood by examining the evolution of EEPFs with time. Indeed, when the power is switched off, more mod...


Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genomic instability syndrome with autosomal recessive inheritance.1 It is the most common genetic cause of bone marrow failure. More than 18FA genes have been identified, with FANCA, FANCC, FANCG and FANCD2 being the most frequently involved genes in patients with FA.2–5 It is associated with congenital anomalies, progressive pancytopenia and a predisposition to malignancies, among which Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the commonest. Studies conducted on FA patients and mice models support the view that DNA damage and cell stress trigger senescence and cell death in proliferative hematopoietic progenitor cells, with compensatory or inflammation-related mobilization and the eventual attrition of hematopoietic stem cells.1,6–9 The resulting stem and progenitor cell deficiency, FA intrinsic genetic instability and possibly chronic inflammation are thought to create a strong pressure toward clonal evolution in the bone marrow of FA patients.9–11 AML in this setting is associated with significant treatment-related mortality and a poor outcome.12–14 The cumulative incidence of AML ranges from 10% to 37% by 50years of age and the most common period of development of leukemia is the teenage years or young adulthood.15–18 Here, we report the case of an eight-year-old boy diagnosed with FA who developed AML seven months later, which is a rarity.


This article simulated the collision and agglomeration between bipolarly charged particles in an electrostatic agglomerator. The EHD turbulent flow was solved and the flow parameters were extracted a priori. The particle initial charge was obtained by tracking particles with a certain diameter in the charging zone. When simulating collision and agglomeration in the agglomerating zone, the initial charge on a particle was sampled from the charge distribution by statistical analysis. The classical stochastic model for calculating collision between neutral particles was extended to calculate collision between charged particles, and the effect of particle charge on collision and agglomeration was embodied in the agglomeration criteria. The effect of an external DC and AC electric field on the collision and agglomeration was investigated.


In the present investigation, a set of 44 genotypes comprised of 10 parents, 32 hybrids and two checks were sown at Surat, Bharuch and Hansot in kharif 2003-04 to study magnitude of heterosis, combining ability and stability of performance of CMS based and conventional crosses in G. hirsutum L. cotton for 16 characters including seed cotton yield, its components and fibre traits following L x T mating design of Kempthorne (1957). The trial was laidout in randomized block design replicated thrice. The net plot comprised of one row having 10 plants spaced at 120 cm between rows and 45 cm between plants. Significant to highly significant positive standard heterosis for seed cotton yield and its component characters in the crosses suggested that there is a good scope of exploiting the heterosis commercially and also possibility of isolating desirable segregants in both the types of crosses (CMS based and conventional crosses). Combining ability analysis revealed importance of both additive as well as non additive gene effects in the inheritance of all the traits studied. However, magnitude of variances due to SCA was comparatively larger than those of GCA for all the characters. Among the parents, LRK 516 and AKH 26 were found to be good general combiners for seed cotton yield and some of its yield components. The crosses viz., LRK 516 x AKH 39, CAK 8835 x AKH 39, CAK 3456 x AKH 26 and CAK 3456 x AKH 39 showed higher order heterosis and SCA effects for seed cotton yield in both, conventional and CMS-R systems. Analysis of variance for stability parameters showed that G x E component was substantial for all the traits studied. Both linear and non linear components were important for most of the characters. Preponderance of non linear component indicated inability of predicting the performance of these genotypes across the environments. Looking to the overall performance, parental lines viz., LRK 516 and AKH 26 were the stable with general combining ability in both the types of crosses. Among CMS based crosses, three viz., LRK 516 x AKH 26, LRK 516 x AKH 39, CAK 8835 x AKH 26 and in conventional crosses, CAK 8835 x AKH 26 and CAK 3456 x AKH 39 had high mean values with comparatively higher stability of performance. The comparative study of conventional and CMS-R system crosses for heterosis, combining ability and stability showed that heterosis, combining ability effects and stability was comparatively higher in magnitude in conventional crosses as compared to CMS based crosses. There is no effect of source of male sterility on the performance of their resultant hybrids. But CMS based crosses also showed significant heterosis, combining ability effects and better stability which indicated the possibility of fruitful utilization of CMS-R system for development of high yielding commercial hybrids. Main Cotton Research Station Navsari Agricultural University Athwa Farm, Surat-395 007 Dr. U. G. Patel Ex-Research Scientist(Cotton) C E R T I F I C A T E This is to certify that the thesis entitled, "Study of performance of Gossypium harknessii and Gossypium aridum CMS based and conventional intra-hirsutum Hybrids over environments" submitted by Shri Manhar C. Patel in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Agriculture) in Plant Breeding and Genetics of Navsari Agricultural University is based on the results of bonafide research work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision and the thesis has not previously formed the basis, for the award of any degree, diploma or other similar title. The assistance and help received during the course of this investigation and source of literature have been acknowledged by him. Place: Surat Date : 23/01/2008 (U. G. Patel) Major Advisor


In Chinese history,the Yuan Dynasty was a connecting link.The entirety and collectivity condensed in traditional Chinese ritual culture system began its fission in a multi-cultural and multi-uational social environment and the new cultural values are increasing day by day.The idea of art of Yuan also has its unique historical connotation.Artists in the Yuan Dynasty inherited the Confucian tradition of artistic concepts of "expressing emotion",while also giving "feeling" in art activities,more extensive intrinsic,and showed distinctive characteristics of the times,such as ontology of emotion recognition,emotional personality publicity and positive feelings for the secular,which promoted the modern evolution of Chinese art and the idea of art.


Beam-column joints are the crucial zones in reinforced concrete (RC) structures as they are subjected to large forces during earthquakes and their behaviour has a significant effect on the response of the whole structure. When the shear capacity of a joint is insufficient, the structure may fail in a brittle behaviour due to large amount of shear stress concentrations in this region. Thus, strengthening of deficient RC beam-column joints is important. In most cases, the strengthening material covers the structure and it is not possible to see any damage on the surface when the joint is subjected to a force. Acoustic Emission (AE) is a useful method to detect crack development and progress in concrete non-destructively. Location of the fracture source in a material, the size and energy of the crack and the time it starts cracking can be identified by AE method. In this study, identification of fracture mechanisms of strengthened RC beam-column joints was aimed. For this purpose, the specimens were tested under cyclic loading and monitored by AE. Afterwards, obtained AE data of the specimens were analyzed and they were compared with the mechanical results.


In assemble-to-order production systems, and others of a similar flavor, it is often the case that orders for components of various types are placed simultaneously, but that these components are manufactured or assembled at separate facilities. T he order process introduces correlation among the jobs at separate facilities. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of this correlation on a variety of system performance measures. Consider a system that consists of s parallel servers, where e ach server has a finite buffer and is dedicated to a separate job type. Multiple classes of customer orders arrive to the system, where each class is composed of one or more unique job types. Upon the arrival of an order, each job in the order is separately routed to its designated buffer; if the buffer is full, that job is blocked and lost; otherwise, it enters the buffer and is served according to the FCFS discipline. Under Markovian assumptions, we systematically examine the impact of arrival correlati ons on system-based performance measures such as the queue length vector and the workload vector and class-based performance measures such as the waiting time vector and the order response time. Among other things, we establish several stochastic orders between performance vectors with different degrees of arrival correlations. We also show that greater arrival correlation can stochastically improve the worst component in a performance vector (e.g., the longest queue, the heaviest workload), reduce the expected sum of the j longest queues, 1 ≤ j ≤ s, and, for any given order type, increase its entering probability and reduce its order response time. Our results can also be extended to the compound Poisson arrival process, where each order contains multiple units of several job types.


This paper studies training-based transmissions over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels in the presence of jamming. Each transmission block consists of a training phase and a data transmission phase. From an information-theoretic viewpoint, we formulate a max-min problem on the energy allocation between the two phases. The legitimate user of the channel aims to design a robust energy allocation strategy which maximizes its data rate under the worst case scenario assuming that the jammer is able to optimize its jamming energy allocation between the training phase and the data transmission phase. For a fixed training length, we derive an analytical solution to the robust energy allocation. When the training length is allowed to vary, we show that a robust design of the training length is generally larger than the number of transmit antennas and approaches half of the block length at low signal to jamming and noise ratio (SJNR). Our numerical results demonstrate a potential of 20% - 40% performance gain by using the proposed robust designs in various scenarios.


Global warming problem is the most important and urgent problem of the world to establish a sustainable world for all creatures on the globe. Under these circumstances no one would doubt Electric Vehicle (EV) society would come in the near future of the next decade. We believe application of V2X (from Home to Power Grid) system can provide one of the best solutions to this fatal problem in the next generation.


The presence of a faculty union in a community college has a significant impact on its governance. This chapter offers recommendations for dealing with the challenges presented by collective bargaining in the postsecondary education environment.


Abstract About 1,000 square miles of the western part of the Taupo Volcanic Zone is covered by the Whakamaru Ignimbrites, a formation consisting of more than a dozen coarse-textured tuff sheets. They are of Pleistocene age, and were erupted over an irregular topographic surface after a prolonged pause in acid ignimbrite volcanism in this province. Locally their total thickness exceeds 1,000 ft. The rocks are generally lightly welded and contain from 10 to 45% of phenocrysts—andesine, quartz, hypersthene, sanidine, magnetite, biotite, and hornblende. In the northern half of the Whakamaru outcrop area the Maraetai Member is exposed. Here it forms the basal member, and consists of the most highly welded rock in the formation. It is up to 500 ft thick and shows two types of horizontal zonation or stratification: (1) Lithologic zoning into glassy, felsitic, and tuffaceous zones, determined by cooling environment; and (2) Ash-flow (or primary) layering, caused by spasmodic eruption or deposition. The Maraetai I...


The concurrent use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and NMR spectroscopy should enable one to link the structural information from the former to chemical information obtained with the latter. In this instance, the self-assembly of type I collagen into segmental long spacing (SLS) collagen crystallites is examined, and the first concrete evidence for the incorporation of the nucleotide ATP into these crystallites is presented. The type I collagen monomer contains no phosphorus, unlike the triphosphate group of the ATP, thus making 31 P NMR spectroscopy a highly specific probe for the location and interaction of ATP. The changes in the 31 P NMR spectral attributes upon self-assembly of SLS collagen crystallites under various conditions are interpreted with relation to the crystallite morphology observed with AFM. The formation of crystallites is found to correlate with decreased mobility of all three 31 P nuclei of ATP, as evinced by appreciable line broadening in the solution-state spectra. This is attributable to ATP incorporation into the crystallite structure. Analysis of the resonance frequencies for each of the 31 P nuclei of ATP indicates that the R- and A-phosphates have decreased electron density relative to the '-phosphate upon incorporation, implying direct charge-charge binding, with binding probabilities greater for the R- and A-phosphate groups than for the '-phosphate group. Three possible scaffolding roles of the ATP are proposed with respect to the structure of the SLS collagen crystallite based upon the evidence presented.


This paper analyzes the necessity of developing the CI education in financial and economical college, expounds the countermeasures for strengthening the CI education in financial and economical college, and probes into how financial and economical college to popularize the CI education.


This article describes possible ways to reduce the energy consumption of pumps that supply liquid hydrocarbon feed to the nozzles of reactors for the production of carbon black. For achieving this goal, it is proposed to separate the functions performed by the pumps. Some pumps provide circulation, heating, dehydration of raw materials, and supply them to the reactor compartment. Other pumps increase the pressure of the liquid directly in front of the nozzles of the reactors. It is advisable to use piston pumps with pulsation smoothing pumps to increase the pressure.


Getting the books what we owe to each other tm scanlon now is not type of inspiring means. You could not and no-one else going subsequently book hoard or library or borrowing from your friends to gain access to them. This is an utterly simple means to specifically get guide by on-line. This online revelation what we owe to each other tm scanlon can be one of the options to accompany you considering having additional time.


A novel method has been developed for processing and extraction of gold from gold bearing rocks for use by small-scale gold miners in Ghana. The methodology involved crushing of gold bearing hard rocks to fine particles to form a composite sample and screening at a range of sizes. Gold distribution in the composite sample was determined as a function of particle size by using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. The concentrations of gold for the corresponding particle sizes were 16.4 ± 0.17 mg/kg for sizes Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 10(1&2) 2005: 91-96


The elongation or the creep of Du Pont's Maylar film (0.0065×25×100mm) in the aqueous solution of phenol was recorded automatically by means of a linear variable differential transformer (Fig. 1) at various concentrations and temperatures under a constant load (50g).The elongation of the film (Δlt) increased exponentially with time at the initial stage and attained a limiting value (Δl∞) according to the concentration (c) of phenol at a constant temperature (Fig. 2). Δl∞ increased almost linearly with the increasing concentration, while it decreased with the increasing temperature (Fig. 3).The logarithm of the time for half elongation (log t1/2) decreased linearly with increasing log c; the higher the temperature, the smaller the inclination was (Fig. 4).After unloading, the film shrank instantly at first and then recovered slowly to a limiting length, Δl being about a half of Δl∞ (dotted lines in Fig. 2). This elongation of the unloaded film means swelling by phenol. The change in the weight of the film during the process of swelling increased with the increasing concentration (Fig. 7). The infrared absorption measurement suggested that the phenol molecules absorbed by the film combine with the polyester molecules by hydrogen bonding.The creeping of Maylar film in the phenol solution was accelerated by neutral salts, i.e. sodium chloride, sodium acetate and sodium sulfate, but was retarded by potassium carbonate (Fig. 8). Surface active agents accelerated slightly the creep at low concentrations, but retarded considerably at high concentrations.These results suggest that the swelling effect of phenol is closely related to its carrier effect in the dyeing process of polyesters.


Ecuador is a country rich in flora, fauna, culture and history. All of these elements give as a result a vast culinary diversity. Understanding where a certain dish comes from, what it means to a determined culture, why it is made and what each component represents is essential to be able to appreciate and understand why it is a part of the Ecuadorian culture. That is why this thesis will analyze the ancestral origin of two dishes: fanesca and colada morada. It will allow a better understanding about where and why these preparations were originated, what each ingredient represents and why they are an important part of determined celebrations such as "Semana Santa" and "Dia de los Difuntos". Certain concepts such as colonization and globalization will be described due to the fact that these are elements that influenced some of the changes these dishes have had over time. Two recipes will be presented, one showing a more ancestral way of making these traditional dishes and the other will be a more updated version of the dish. The origin and properties of each ingredient will also be described and how some elements are exchanged as well as what meaning they have within the celebration and the dish itself.


The record of the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations (USFDA) actions regarding Depo-Provera a medroxyprogesterone acetate as an injectable contraceptive and the international implications are reviewed. In September 1982 a special panel of scientists began deliberations to recommend whether Depo-Provera should be approved for use as an injectable contraceptive. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has been asked by developing countries to furnish the drug but will not export drugs that are not approved by USFDA. More than 80 countries have approved the drug. Advocates for USFDA approval include the Upjohn Company (manufacturer of the drug) World Health Organization International Planned Parenthood Federation Population Crisis Committee and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The opposition includes the Health Research Group affiliated with Ralph Nader the National Womens Health Network and several right-to-life groups. Hesitation by USFDA is related to laboratory animal studies which suggest that Depo-Provera is a potential human carcinogen. Upjohn conducted a 7 year study with 16 beagles and a 10 year study with Rhesus monkeys; both of the test animals developed more tumors than the controls. Questions were raised about using the animals since the response of these two species to the drug and the human response are not necessarily comparable. Limited approval has been recommended twice by expert advisory committees in 1974 and 1975 but USFDA refused both times. It is suspected that Korea Taiwan Egypt Jordan and Yemen reversed their approval as a result of the latest USFDA rejection. This final decision will have major economic and social implications and will assume international importance.


This paper proposes an indirect approach to estimate average production intervals the length of time between starting and finishing work on each product using work-in-process inventory measurements. The idea is to apply a modified version of Little's law L = λW from queueing theory to cope with stochastic processes that are not directly observable. When the actual amount of completed product to be produced from the current work-in-process is not known, we suggest working with an appropriate expected amount of completed product associated with current work-in-process, taking care to properly account for such features as partial yields, changing lot sizes and reconstituted lots. This indirect estimation procedure can be applied to computer simulation as well as direct system measurement. The approach also can be used to calculate expected values of steady-state random variables in mathematical models.


A method for mineral phases contents determination in iron ores based on mathematical simulation of physicochemical processes of ore formation in terms of data on the elemental composition of ores is proposed. The obtained results were compared with the phase composition of certified reference materials given in the certificates and results of qualitative analysis using X-ray powder diffraction method. Iron ores significantly vary in phase composition, however, the developed method allows quantifying the content of ore minerals, including minerals that cannot be detected by the X-ray powder diffraction method and can be used to determine the phase composition of ores in order to assess potential industrial significance


What is the risk of reinfection from SARS-CoV-2 among adults with prior SARS-CoV-2 Title and abstract screening was completed by a single screener and exclusion decisions confirmed by a second screener. Full-text screening was completed by two reviewers and any conflicts resolved by a third independent reviewer. The JBI Checklist for cohort studies was used as an additional level of screening. Consensus was required for exclusion reasons and any conflicts were resolved by a third independent reviewer.


We give a complete topological classification of three
dimensional dynamical systems with a "non-return" configuration
of multiple saddle-connections along the skeleton of a normal
crossings divisor. Our classifying space has a geometrical
description, is finite and depends only on the distribution of the
eigenvalues.


L fucose (L FC),6 deoxygalactose, is one of rare sugars which naturally exists in the form of L isomer. L fucose plays an important role in their physiological and biological functions. It has been well known that L FC is attached to glycochains of tumor markers such as alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and CA 199. Increment of α L fucosidase was detected in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma. Fucolipid accumulation in human adenocarcinoma was abnormally increased and fucosyltransferase was highly active in lung cancer cells. In addition,it has been found that patients with liver cancer and cirrhosis excreted free L fucose via urine to greater extent than normal individuals. The values of UFC were detected in the urine from 86 health people and 205 people with various tumors. The mean value of urinary L FC in health people was 177 7 μmol/g cr( s =56 6, 95% confidence range was 63 8~ 290 2 μmol/g cr ). The mean values of UFC in urine obtained from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma , cirrhosis, acute and chronic hepatitis, pancreas carcinoma , gastric cancer, lung cancer , intestinal cancer, esophageal cancer were higher than 290 2 μmol/g cr , having significant difference from normal individuals. The mean values of UFC in urine obtained from patients with mastadenoma, cervical cancer and ovary cancer have significant difference from normal individuals. The value of L fucose in urine can be regarded as one of the characteristic indexes for hepatocellular carcinoma and canceration of acute and chronic hepatitis. Detection for L fucose is one of tumor marker tests for patients with tumor in digestive system.


Aging is a natural process and it has been described by Seneca as an incurable disease, but more recently, sir James Sterling Ross commented: "You do not heal old age ,you protect it; you promote it; you extend it". In the developing countries the number of elderly is continually increasing due to the evolving age structure. In the year 2002 the number of elderly people in the world was estimated to be 605 million which is expected to have risen to more than 1.2 billion by the year 2015. Hence it is evident that both the share and size of elderly population is increasing over time. According to census 2011 the individuals aged 60 years and above account for 8% of the total population and is projected to rise to 12.4% by the year 2026.


Pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (4-PINH) forms complexes of the types M(4-PINH)X2 [X =Cl, Br and M(II) = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu & Zn], M(4-PINH)S04.2H20 [M(II) = Fe, Co, Ni], M(4-PINH)2(NCSh [M(II)=Co, Ni] and M(4-PINh.nH20 [PIN = deprotonated ligand, n = 2 for Co(lI) & Ni(II) and n = 0 for Cu(II) & Zn(II)]. Magnetic and electronic spectral studies suggest octahedral geometry for Fe(II), Co(II). Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes except for Cu(4-PINh, which is square-planar. ESR studies of Cu(II) complexes show that Cu(4-PINH)CI2 is dimeric or polymeric in nature, and the unpaired electron is present in the dx'_y' orbital of Cu(Il). lHNMR and infrared spectral studies suggest uninegative bidentate behaviour of the ligand in the M(4-PIN)2.nH20 complexes and neutral bidentate behaviour in rest of the complexes. The bonding sites are the carbonyl/enolic oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. The ligand and its Co(ll), Ni(Il) and Zn(II) complexes show good antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli and Staphylococcus


The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of seasoned mackerel for packing which do not have fishy smell because seasonings are fully penetrated into mackerel meat, creates sweet and clean taste, and can be simply cooked; and the seasoned mackerel for packing manufactured by the same. The manufacturing method of the seasoned mackerel for packing according to the present invention comprises: a step of manufacturing soup using distilled water, onions, apples, cinnamon, bay leaves, and Katsuobushi; a step of manufacturing mackerel seasoning sauce by mixing soy sauce, grape liquid, white soybean paste, Mirim, and sugar with the soup manufactured in the soup manufacturing step; and a step of manufacturing the seasoned mackerel by applying the mackerel seasoning sauce on the mackerel.


A compact, low noise magnetic force microscope has been constructed. It utilizes an ac interferometric detection scheme sensitive to the magnetic force gradients above a sample. It is similar to the design proposed by Rugar et al.1 A variety of magnetic recording medias, both longitudinal and vertical with written patterns, have been investigated. The studies have been made using etched Ni cantilevers. Contrast and resolution of the microscope as a function of cantilever scan heights will be discussed.


Three new species of Psocidae with setae on the basal fore wing veins are described from Sumatra. They are referred to two closely related genera, as Clematoscenea smithersi sp. nov., Setopsocus clematoscenoides sp. nov. and S. leuserensis sp. nov.. Two described species in these genera are also noted from Sumatra, and their affinities discussed.


: Railway network is an integral part of the economy of many countries. Identifying critical network elements can help network executives to take appropriate preventive actions before catastrophic disruptions or to add necessary redundancy to enhance the resilience of the rail network. The criticality of an element or a link is measured by calculating increased cost or delay when that element is disrupted. In this paper, we propose a framework for assessing the vulnerability of the rail networks by introducing two bi-level models. The first model determines those critical links which have the greatest impact on the routing cost when interdicted, and the next one takes the cost of scheduling into account, in addition to that of routing, over all origins and destinations. The trains are scheduled by a time-space framework considering customer demand, track and station capacities, and time planning horizon. To overcome the difficulty of solving bi-level models, they are converted to single level models using a heuristic approach. The paper includes two computational instances. The first is a test network which its results are compared with a full enumeration approach, namely the network scan method. Also a case study focused on three disruption scenarios in the railway network of Iran illustrates application of the developed models. The accuracy of obtained results indicates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. In addition, our method has a very short computational time compared to the network scan method.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of actovegin in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, 567 patients with type 2 diabetes received 20 intravenous infusions of actovegin (2,000 mg/day) (n = 281) or placebo (n = 286) once daily followed by three tablets of actovegin (1,800 mg/day) or placebo three times daily for 140 days. Total symptom score (TSS) of the lower limbs and vibration perception threshold (VPT) were used as coprimary outcome measures, computed as the area under the curve (AUC) from repeated scores and divided by duration of exposure. Secondary end points included individual TSS symptoms, neuropathy impairment score of the lower limbs (NIS-LL), and quality of life (short form [SF]-36). RESULTS TSS was significantly improved during actovegin treatment compared with placebo, as assessed by AUC (−0.56 points [95% CI −0.85 to −0.27]; P = 0.0003), and from baseline to 160 days (−0.86 points [−1.22 to −0.50]; P < 0.0001). VPT (five sites per foot) decreased by 3% (95% CI 0–6; P = 0.084) with actovegin than placebo, as assessed by AUC, and by 5% (1–9; P = 0.017) after 160 days. NIS-LL sensory function, as assessed by AUC, was significantly improved with actovegin versus placebo (−0.25 [95% CI −0.46 to −0.04]; P = 0.021), as was the SF-36 mental health domain. There were no differences in the incidence of adverse events between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Sequential intravenous and oral actovegin treatment over 160 days improved neuropathic symptoms, VPT, sensory function, and quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients with symptomatic polyneuropathy.


This article examines studio Paris films made by Rene Clair in the early 1930s in collaboration with set designer Lazare Meerson and cameraman Georges Perinal. In these films, Clair develops a strain of realism articulated in constant tension with fantasy. The article begins by considering the theoretical stakes of cinematographic realism (particularly in comparison with literary realism as studied by our late colleague Larry Schehr), then advances to analysis of criticism and reception, and finally to close reading of the films themselves (especially Sous les Toits de Paris, 1930; Le Million, 1931; Quatorze Juillet, 1932). In these films, set design and camera work interact to establish a unified, verisimilar world. While Clair is most often categorized as a fantasist, this article makes the case for the way in which his representations of Paris support reading Clair as a realist filmmaker, and as an important precursor to poetic realism.


Reification of television images is facilitated by the western bias of logocentrism which itself is an attitude born of the modern mental-rational, perspectival consciousness structure. Before proceeding further it is useful to clarify what is meant by "logocentrism", and "perspectival consciousness". This paper proceeds in three stages; first an investigation into logocentrism, second a clarifying of what Jean Gebser (1949) means by perspectival consciousness, and finally an expansion on the claim just made, a claim that is crucial to the understanding of the civilizational expression known as television. First,logocentrism, as defined by Derrida (1967: 12), is the western "metaphysics of presence", itself defined as the immediate presence of consciousness· to itself resulting in a simple, irreducible foundation of apodictic knowledge. There have been a variety of "isms" which have claimed the status of transcendental ground to whi"h all dis-courses can be reduced. These include psychologism, biolog-ism, mate~ialism, and of course historicism. For instance, Marxist historicism is revealed by Nietzsche's deconstruction to be, "convinced of its power to escape the figurality of language and achieve a perspective atop all the figurality of meaning" (Norris 1982: 86). By contrast, the literature that is called "history", by Nietzsche's standard of mortality, involves a surrender of the privileged claim to knowledge once entertained by the sovereign consciousness. Following the Nietzschean suspicion of transcendental consciousness manifest as method, Foucault argues that it is no longer, " ... a question of judging the past in the name of truth which only we can possess in the present (rather the question is one of) ... risking the deconstruction of the subject who seeks knowledge in the endless deployment of the will to knowledge" (Foucault 1977: 164). We find similar analyses of history as rhetorical strategies in the struggle for interpretive power and domination in the works of Edward Said (Orientalism) and Jeffrey Mehlman (Revo[ution and Repetition).


This paper is on "Cultural Issues Influencing Women's Participation in Recreational Activities in Zaria Educational Zone of Kaduna State". Eight (8) cultural issues as variable statements were the focus. A Chi-Square analysis of a six-item structured questionnaire was used to collect data for analysis which showed a significant influence of cultural beliefs and practices on women's participation in recreational activities of the zone in question. The paper made some recommendations, among others, that Physical Education agencies should work hard with the traditional rulers of the area of study, through seminars, conferences, etc, to educate and create awareness on the rights and importance of women to recreational activities, especially in the zone of study. It also recommended the restructuring of Women's Education with emphasis on physical activities and recreation for leisure values.


Abstract Wooden outdoor furniture is a worthwhile investment. When evaluating outdoor furniture, it is important to weigh up decision factors. In situations where there are many conflicting factors, decision-makers become undecided about determining the best furniture option. Hence, this study proposes an interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process-based model to prioritise the key factors influencing wooden outdoor furniture selection. In light of the aim, five main factors were determined: "safety and health properties", "comfort and appearance properties", "durability and mechanical properties", "economic aspects", and "environmental aspects". Each main factor was then subdivided into various subfactors. Pairwise comparisons were performed to obtain the priorities of the factors. According to the results, "safety and health properties" was the most significant main factor. The most important subfactors were found as "tipping resistance", "environmental friendliness", and "free of harmful substances".


prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).


Fifteen closed lock cases (fifteen joints) of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were treated by lavage manipulation technique. This technique involves manipulation after irrigation of the upper compartment of the affected TMJ with 200-400 ml lactated Ringer's solution followed by an injection of sodium hyaluronate (SPH) into the upper compartment.In our case study, 11 of the 15 cases (73%) satisfied our criteria for successful treatment. MR imaging showed that only 2 (18%) of the 11 successful cases achieved complete reduction of the disk. In the remaining 9 cases, a significant range of mandibular motion was obtained by the condylar head sliding down under the anteriorly displaced disk during maximal mouth opening.This technique was highly effective in relieving pain, as well as improving limited mouth opening. By this technique we were able to release a closed lock case which could not be opened by the pumping manipulation technique. These results suggest that the lavage manipulation technique is a more useful form of nonsurgical treatment than the pumping manipulation technique for releasing closed lock disturbances in outpatients without hospitalization.


Abstract After a temporary downturn in many Asian states after the 1997 Economic Crisis defence expenditures are rising again. Although most states put internal and transborder security issues at the top of their list of potential threats, an examination of recent trends in regional defence expenditure trends and weapons acquisition patterns belies this. Resources are being directed predominately toward externally oriented weapons systems such as fighter aircraft, surface ships, submarines, and missiles of all types. The dramatic accumulation of such potentially destabilizing weapons systems, particularly in Asia's traditional flashpoints, risks fuelling competitive arms processes throughout the region.


This paper reports on the factors that dominate diffusion phenomena in post-annealed CoCrPt media with various cap-layer elements X. Hf- and Zr-capped media were found to show low diffusion temperature and have thin reacted layer in this experiments. These results are explained with following relationships revealed by detailed analyses of boundary diffusion and interdiffusion: 1) X with high melting point in cap-layer hardly starts boundary diffusion and interdiffusion, 2) X-capped media with higher melting point of CoX compound forms thinner reacted layer, and 3) X with low enthalpy of Co-X formation lead to low diffusion temperature.