Intelligence has been defined in multiple ways throughout history. In the last 100 years a psychometric approach to define the concept of intelligence has come to dominate the concept. This Commentary provides a brief overview of the history and concepts of intelligence with an emphasis on intellectual assessment. Particular focus is placed on the last 20 years reflecting substantial improvements in the quality of intellectual measures. An argument is made that although confirmatory factor analysis is one way to interpret and understand the Wechsler Scales, another way is to begin with a clearly articulated theory of intellect and to create an instrument designed and validated to fit that theory. Although application of a confirmatory factor analysis to the Wechsler Scales can generate alternate or additional factors that may be interpreted in light of other theories of intelligence such as Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC), the opinion is offered that the articles in this issue of JPA offer compelling data that Wechsler's vision was and is still vibrant and valuable.


A high voltage non-punch-through MCCT with newly developed thyristor-centered cells was successfully fabricated for the first time. A 4.22 mm/spl square/ high voltage MCCT with its blocking voltage of 1460 V was fabricated using an inexpensive and an extremely thin bulk wafer of 200 /spl mu/m with low breakage rate of less than 4%. This low breakage rate can be attained by the improvement of wafer grinding method to smooth the wafer edge and so on. Less junction-FET resistance and the thin bulk wafer application are highly effective to achieve a superior electrical characteristic to the punch-through type device using an epi wafer.


Contents 1. Introduction: for a European strategy at the turn of the century Maria Joao Rodrigues 2. The challenges and the potential of the knowledge-based economy in a globalised world Luc Soete 3. A new European social model for the twenty-first century? Gosta Esping-Andersen 4. Knowledge-based economies: the European employment debate in a new context Robert M. Lindley 5. Institutional reforms for growth, employment and social cohesion: elements for a European and national agenda Robert Boyer 6. International benchmarking as a policy learning tool Bengt-Ake Lundvall and Mark Tomlinson 7. The construction of European identity Manuel Castells 8. Governance and government in the European Union: The open method of coordination Mario Telo Annexes Bibliography Index


This report presents a summary of the work done by the author for the Eco2 Initiative, a French energy consulting company, during the development of an official document (PCET) concerning the clima ...


. Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, poor sleep quality, allodynia and paresthesia. Therapy for this syndrome consists of pharmacological and non‑pharmacological approaches focused on controlling pain and fatigue to improve the quality of life of those affected. The present study aimed to deter‑ mine whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can be considered a useful adjuvant of pre‑existing pharmacological treatment to reduce pain and improve the quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia. Patients diagnosed with fibromy‑ algia were enrolled in the present study following a clinical evaluation. All participants received 20 sessions of HBOT (five sessions/week, Monday‑Friday). The sessions consisted of breathing for 60 min with 100% oxygen at a 2.0 atmospheric absolute pressure. Pain, fatigue, quality of life and the number of drugs used were measured to assess the effectiveness of HBOT. Prior to HBOT, the patients presented with an average visual analog scale score of 8.06±0.475, which was reduced to 3.86±0.748 following treatment. In addition, the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy‑fatigue score indicated amelioration of this symptom by HBOT, reducing the mean score from 44.86±2.19 to 21.6±1.09. Furthermore, the quan‑ tification of the quality of life using the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire reduced the score from 76.66±4.11 to 47.6±2.67. As regards the number of drugs administered to the patients, this decreased from 3.13±0.764 to 1.53±0.85. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that HBOT may be used as an effective adjuvant in the treatment of fibromyalgia, reducing both pain and fatigue. In addition, this treatment improves the quality of life of those affected and may be used to avoid polypharmacy.


(1) Background: Here, we investigate the incidence of mpox and factors associated with vaccine uptake in mainly well-treated men who have sex with men and are living with HIV (MSMWH). (2) Methods: This study included 727 MSMWH from the Copenhagen co-morbidity in HIV infection (COCOMO) study from 1 May to 31 October 2022. Mpox infection and vaccination status were obtained from the Danish Microbiology Database and The Danish Vaccination Register. Vaccination willingness was assessed through an online survey. (3) Results: At a median follow-up of 180 days, 13 (1.8%) participants had laboratory-confirmed mpox infections. Furthermore, 238 (32.7%) had received the mpox vaccine. A sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the preceding two years was associated with a higher risk of mpox infection (hazard ratio 7.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.9–26.9]) and with higher odds of vaccination (adjusted odds ratio 3.1; 95% CI [2.2–4.6]). 401 (55.2%) participants responded to the survey. 228 (57.0%) reported very high vaccination willingness. The self-perceived risk of infection was associated with vaccine uptake. (4) Conclusions: The incidence of mpox was low. A prior STD was associated with both a higher risk of mpox infection and higher odds of vaccination. Despite high-risk sexual behavior and high vaccination willingness, a sizable fraction of participants had not been vaccinated.


The study aims to identify of white grub attacking lawn in the park of campus of University of Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta. Observations were conducted since July 2008 until January 2010. The results showed that Lepidiota stigma is a pest cause damage to the grass in the UGM park. The presence of beetles occurred in October of the same beginning of the rainy season. Flight and lay eggs period lasted from October 2009 until January 2010. First instar larvae of L. stigma began there in November and the third instar in the month of January 2010. Factors supporting the attack of L. stigma in the college environment is the availability of grass throughout the year, as the lights and the presence of trees as shelter for adult beetles. Key word: campus lawn, white grub


In early days of foundation, CPC considered both domestic and international situation and its change, enriched the border force, cleared border bandits, solved the problem of border legacy, creatively solved the ethnic problems in border areas, set up the production and construction corps, carried out special frontier population policy, promote the harmonious development of border areas, the practice of the construction of a harmonious frontier reflects the distinct characteristics of the time and socialist characteristics.


This paper provides an introduction to the Sign Language Phonetic Annotator-Analyzer (SLP-AA) software, a free and open-source tool currently under development, for facilitating detailed form-based transcription of signs. The software is designed to have a user-friendly interface that allows coders to transcribe a great deal of phonetic detail without being constrained to a particular phonetic annotation system or phonological framework. Here, we focus on the 'annotator' component of the software, outlining the functionality for transcribing movement, location, hand configuration, orientation, and contact, as well as the timing relations between them.


In order to improve the automation of industrial production and production efficiency. This paper presented a system with the S7-200 as the core. The system adopted the method of sequence control. The S7-200 mainly controlled the step motor, dc motor, servo motor, Through the control could realize manipulator grasping object, walk, put down, The PC could monitor the process, and the PC could track, detecting objects. So, the system can realize intelligent. Introduction Six axis manipulator is a new type of device, it can be applied to industry, agriculture and national defense. It can replace human repetition, heavy manual work, It can work in the dangerous environment. The robots can imitate human's arm, and can grab objects, handling object, placed object. Six axis manipulator mainly includes: the base, I joint, II joint, III joint, IV joint, V joint, VI joint, gas to grasp, As shown in figure.1. Fig.1. robot structure By the structural diagram you can see, drive, drive mode of each joint, I joints is step-motor direct harmonic reducer; II joints is servo motor directly connected harmonic reducer; III joints is stepping motor through the synchronous belt wheel harmonic reducer; IV joints is step-motor direct harmonic reducer; V joints is stepping motor through the synchronous belt wheel harmonic reducer; VI joints is step-motor direct harmonic reducer; Each joint are equipped with photoelectric limit switch plus or minus two direction and two directions hard limit switch. In terms of overall structure, the manipulator is not complicated, The key lies in the parameter matching, because the tandem structure features in the process of the movement is that the torque of each joint is to change all the time. Overall coordination and stiffness are more demanding. At the same time for motor 6th International Conference on Machinery, Materials, Environment, Biotechnology and Computer (MMEBC 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1679 control, the demand is higher, because the torque changing, require motor moment, control is relatively complex and difficult, so the calculation and analysis is more important. In the design process, the point is to calculate the relevant after purchased components, Actually calculating process is to selection speed reducer and motor Overall Design Manipulator control system of six axis include: an industrial computer; two motion control card; the I/0 module; driver; servo motor. The overall block diagram is shown in figure.2. Fig.2. overall block diagram The Choice of Hardware The Choice Of Movement Control CARDS. Motion control card is the core of the system. Usually, the PC connect control card by bus. The PC can monitor the system. Other control CARDS don't have enough anti-interference ability and it have poor stability, So, This design is mainly use the MP2300, it has enough storage capacity, and has good expansibility, the most important thing is that it has a connector. It has anti-jamming capability, the stable performance is good. The Choice Of Joint Motor And Reducer. How to select the second joint manipulator of the motor? How to choose a reducer? These two problems is very important. Under the experimental conditions, bear the weight of the second joint: F=12Kg; The center of gravity offset: S=300mm; Joint range: θ=90; angular velocity: V=60/s; The angular acceleration: ω=π/2.25. So: The static torque 1 9 .8 1 2 9 .8 0 .3 3 6 N m T F S         (1) The acceleration torque:


The Suspects polygraph technology based on ICMT (Intelligent Computer and Medical Technology) has been used in the investigation and judicial inquiry in more extensive applications. In order to better regulate the use of polygraph technology, the criminal psychological test must be constructed should be based on the technological request, refer to the relevant legal norms on evidence, build up the procedure norms and testing results application regulations. In this paper, the standard of procedures based on limit of testing applicants informing system of rights and non-intervention testing principle is build. The analysis and simulation results show that ICMT requires small memory to saving the mark information and has high availability.


Native strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the industrial ethanol process were isolated and have been tested with standard CAT-1 strain, which was selected, and widely used in ethanol production in southest of Brazil in batch fermentation system with cells recycles (Melle-Boinot). The strains were reactivated in synthetic culture media and then inoculated into clarified sugar cane juice at 4° Brix for growth until it reaches a cell concentration 1.0 x 10/mL. After this, the cells were inoculated in a sugar cane juice at concentration 20°Brix by six fermentative cycles. After each cycle were carried out the following analyses: ethanol concentration, pH, biomass, viability and budding cells. The data were analyzed statistically using variance analyses (ANOVA) and averages compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show the best performance for that CAT-1 in fermentative efficiency than strains 18 and 19, mainly by the ethanol concentration. The 18 and 19 strains showed similar results of performance with characteristics for the ethanol production.


Ohuokhay is a circular dance of Yakut people. This dance is mainly executed on a national holiday of New Year called the Ysyakh. This article considers publications of Russian and foreign authors from 1741 to 1911 (pre-soviet, pre-revolutionary period before 1917). These works contain the first information about the performance of Yakut circular dance (Lindenau, Shchukin, Middendorf, Khudyakov, Maak, Seroshevskiy, Yastremskiy), first examples of verbal texts (Middendorf, Khudyakov, Yastremskiy) and musical score (Middendorf). These authors used terms of Russian and European science for description of Yakut circle dance. But they were able to write down original national terms too. So the word "iungkiuiu" is found in the publications of Lindenau, Maak. Khudyakov commemorated word-combinations "iungkiuiu iungkiuiuliuiuller" (dancing a dance) and "iungkiuiu tohogotd" (the nail of dance), which also connected with the round dance. In these books, there is no such modern term as "ohuokhay." This word as a variant "ehiekhey" appears for the first time in 1947, in the work of D. Sivcev "Sakha folklora" (The Yakut folklore). Nevertheless, sources of the second half of the 18th-early 20th centuries contain valuable information for studying the dance traditions of the Yakut people.


Leishmaniases are parasitic diseases caused by various species of the protozoan Leishmania. In Italy human visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases are caused by Leishmania infantum, which has the dog as domestic reservoir, and different Phlebotominae species as the vector. Several molecular techniques are currently used with success for a rapid, very sensitive and non-invasive detection of Leishmania organisms in specimens of infected organs. The high sensitivity, however, may raise doubts on the significance of target DNA detection, which may represent either an established infection—with or without epidemiological importance—or just a trace of parasite–host contacts. Three examples of the application of nested PCR technique using rDNA sequence primers on different biological samples, are reported here: (a) five different bioptic samples were examined from 153 dogs of an endemic focus of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) (Salina Island, Sicily), giving a Leishmania prevalence of 82.8%, in contrast with 31.4% seroprevalence; (b) in a new CanL focus of Rome province; 60/127 Phlebotomus perniciosus (45.7,0%) were found positive by nested PCR, in contrast with 1.4% microscopically positive; and (c) leishmanial DNA was detected in a natural case of leishmaniasis in a novel mammal host, a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo). These results raise the following doubts, respectively: (a) Does the high "infection" prevalence detected in dogs correspond to the "infectiveness-to-the vector" prevalence? (b) Can the positive sandflies transmit infective promastigotes? and (c) Can an infected domestic ferret play a role as parasite reservoir?


The Biology of Agroecosystems provides an introduction to the biological and ecological attributes of ecosystems and the biological impacts of agriculture on the wider environment. Global human populations are rising and diets are becoming ever more complicated, leading to requirements for increased levels of food production. Natural biotopes are becoming increasingly fragmented as agricultural activities expand around them. Agroecosystems occur from the tropics to subarctic environments and comprise systems as varied as annual crops, perennial grasslands, orchards, and agroforestry systems. They presently cover almost 40 per cent of the terrestrial land surface and significantly shape landscapes at a global scale. The book outlines the origin and development of agriculture and summarizes the characteristics of different types of agroecosystems. The conflicts between management of land for productivity and conservation of natural resources are discussed, and some of the key biological issues (loss of biodiversity, instability, susceptibility to pests, for example) are explored. Individual chapters introduce the role of functional groups such as pollinators, nutrient cycling organisms, and pest regulators; the importance of soils and soil organisms for agriculture; and the biological impacts of water use in agroecosystems. Globalization of agriculture is explored, and includes drivers of change, such as shifting diets, and biological challenges, such as the spread of pest species. The final chapters outline different management methods for sustainable management of agroecosystems, and consider the future challenges and opportunities for agriculture and the biology of agroecosystems.


Geochemical studies have been done on organic matter from biogenic sediments from Deep-Sea Drilling Project site 532, which is under the seaward edge of the Benguela upwelling system and has light-dark color cycles resulting from variations in sediment properties. Cyclical fluctuations in opal, organic carbon, and calcium carbonate accompany the color changes. Examination of early Pleistocene sediments taken at 10-cm intervals from section 532B-17-2 reveals that high carbonate concentrations coincide with lower organic carbon percentages. Carbon and nitrogen isotope contents of organic matter remain essentially constant through the color cycles. Geolipid contents show somewhat better retention of original character in darker sediments than in lighter portions of this section and reflect variations in the degree of preservation of organic matter. The origin of the light-dark cycles may be fluctuations in the Benguela Current caused by variations in the earth's obliquity.


Thc Epilepsy Foundation o f Americ;i. with I08 ;iffiliates throughout the coiintry, is thr n;ction;d voluntary association conterned with epilepsy in the L'nitetl States. The EFA maintains technical a Utilizing Rehabilitation Services Administration funds in 1979. EF.4 developed a training program in innovative rehabilitation techniques for persons with epilepsy. This proiei I prrpared and presented training modules to voc.ationa1 rehabilitation profession;ils. and related service providers. i t 1 f ive hi-regional workshops. Stated ohkcrives were t o affrct not;thle attitudinal change among rehabilitation personnel and to encourage the development of special counselor-training programs at the state level. The system of State Vncational Rehabilitation agencies plays a crucial role as the primary rehabilitation and employnient service for persons with epilepsy. The 208 participants attended a three-day presentation which made use of resource speakers. printed materials, and a video tape series. For purposes of evaluation, a 35 statement survey was devised. The survey "as administered twice in the form of a pre-test and posr-test. Responses were compared using identification numhers assigned to each respondent. Thus the reliability of identical groups for both tests was insured. Test statements surveyed respondents' attitudes and knowledge concerning medical and psycho-social aspects of epilepsy. Due to the attitudinal nature of the survey, respondents were requested t o indicate only hasic agreement or disagreement. Results represent percentage change, as well as actual responses. FOCUS is given to those responses which showed a significant change: awareness o f rhe incitiencr and range OF the disability, treatment. and employment restrictions. Data. prepared for the funding source. have not been presented through any forum. The modules are continuing to serve in State agency training programs throughotit the nation. The video-tape series was selected as a finalist for the 1980 Rehahfilrn International competition. tance and advoc;~cy efforts with government agencies at all It


The crystal and molecular structure of the title complex, trans-[RuC12{(I)-o-CsH4(PMePh)&(I)o-C,,H,(PMePh)(P(O)MePh)}], has been established by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study at 295(1) K, being refined to a residual of 0.037 for 2669 independent 'observed' reflections. Crystals are orthorhombic, P212121, a 16.655(5), b 15.805(4), c 14.823(8) A, Z 4. The chlorine atoms lie trans to each other in the coordination sphere of the six-coordinate ruthenium, with the O-C~H,(PM~P~)~ and o-C,H,(PMePh)(P(O)MePh) ligands beingP,Pf and 0,P'bidentate respectively. The ruthenium-chlorine distances are 2.434(2) and 2.425(2) A; the two mutually trans rutheniumphosphine distances are 2.310(3) and 2.346(2) A, but that which is trans to the oxygen is unusually short, being 2 219(2) A. The ruthenium-oxygen distance is 2.166(5) ,!I.


In the laboratory, the department most affected by the introduction of molecular diagnostic tools has been the clinical microbiology laboratory. For organisms such as Clostridium difficile , polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard for diagnosis. Incorporation of molecular diagnostic techniques into microbiology laboratories of differing sizes has been hastened by the development of simplified technological methods, individual cassettes incorporating all reagents necessary for diagnosis, and instruments allowing multiple tests to be run at the same time. Companies, such as Cepheid (Sunnyvale, CA), with its GeneXpert technol ogy, even advertise that their tests can be run in a physician's office. Pressure by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on companies such as Roche has pushed them to change their offerings in molecular diagnosis from analyte-specific reagent kits to a commercially prepared, prepackaged assay with detailed instructions for performance of the test. This change has hastened adoption of molecular methods into the testing menu of laboratories that do not have the resources and staff to perform the extensive and time-consuming validations of assays that are not approved by the FDA.

Molecular methods have probably found their greatest use in microbiology laboratories in the diagnosis of viral infections. The reasons for the movement to molecular methods in this arena are varied. The rapid assays for agents such as influenza A and B and respiratory syncytial virus …


Mathematical analysis on the central line equation of easement curve in documents is processed. In the derivation process the error caused by truncation in coordinate calculation is proposed and analysis are made for this error. The control method and the applicative condition is found. This method adapt to traditional thinking for coordinate calculation especially for design or construction.


In this study, fuzz structures in tungsten surfaces are artificially generated using the midpoint displacement algorithm (MDA) based on the random fractal. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is employed to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation in the fuzz structures with different fractal dimension sizes. To analyze electromagnetic penetrations and reflections around the fuzz structures, we adopt the three-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (TEMD) to decompose simulation results by FDTD in the spatial frequency domain. The computation results showed that the distribution of electric field intensity is decomposed into 3-D intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), indicating resonances triggered by electromagnetic waves hitting the fuzz structures in the tungsten surface from high spatial frequency to low spatial frequency. These decomposed IMFs revealed the optical properties of fuzz structures regarding the relationship between fractal dimension sizes and the electromagnetic penetrations and reflections in the tungsten surface.


The value of the healthcare worker–patient communication has been well demonstrated and validated in several studies evidencing its relation to positive patient health outcomes, including better care response, simpler decision-making, better patient psychological well-being, and, therefore, considerable patient care satisfaction. The present study purposed to assess how patients perceived healthcare worker–patient communication during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether there were any gender-related differences among participants. From March 2020 to April 2020, an online questionnaire was administered to those who declared a patient's condition in this period. The data considered included data on gender and a Quality of Communication questionnaire (QOC). A total of 120 patients were recruited online. Of these, 52 (43.33%) were females and 68 (56.67%) were males. Significant differences were recorded between females and males in the QOC questionnaire as regards Item no.2 (p = 0.033), Item no.6 (p = 0.007), Item no.11 (p = 0.013), Item no.12 (p = 0.003), Item no.13 (p = 0.002), Item no.15 (p = 0.008), and Item no.16 (p = 0.037), respectively. The potentially different elements between the two sexes considered were assessed in: Component 1: the need to be completely informed about their own health condition, and Component 2: the need to receive authentic and sincere communication from the healthcare worker involved. In light of the present findings, it has emerged that male patients seemed to be more active and positive in effective healthcare worker–patient communication.


It is given that in Bogotá public transport system moves approximately 29.18% of the population, it is essential to ensure that the features of the service provision are the most appropriate for its users; for example, the support bars inside the vehicle are not at an adequate height according to the physical characteristics of the users, generating risks within the vehicles. Due to this failure has not been resolved in its entirety by the service provider is important to implement a method that allows adequate grip to the fasteners, considering this, the project aims to develop a system of grip and support that reduces the risks of physical damage to the user during his trip. This system will allow users who are in the orthostatic position (standing) to anchor themselves in a simple way of the elements incorporated in the vehicle. The development process was carried out using a combination of the Ulrich and Schnarch methodologies


Statistical experimental design has been used to study the interactions between blowing agents and processing aids in formulations for cellular PVC profile.


The phenological events are very important to understand the life cycle of a plant species. Also understanding of the life cycle of a plant species is an essential step in order to design and implement an effective conservation programme for an endangered species. The phenological characteristics of Erodium somanum (Geraniaceae), a critically endangered dioecious endemic species, were investigated at natural populations in Soma/Manisa from Turkey. All phenological characteristics are firstly determined in this study. Also, preliminary conservation essays were performed at habitat of the species. Shoot formation of plants begin first week in March and continue throughout March. The flowering season was 2 month long and peak flower production took place between mid-April and head-May. Initiation of fruit formation around first and second weeks in April. Fruit is a beak shape and leaving in mericarps. Fruits mature about four weeks and then mericarps suddenly throw away from plant. Seedling formation of scattered mericarps are occur in autumn (Septemper- November). According to life cycle of this plant, germination period was found as autumn season. For better in-situ application program it was found that, seedling have to be applied at latest of the summer season.


Objective: The anatomical features of the renal arteries are important for the diagnosis of various diseases affecting the kidneys and the renal arteries (RA), as well as for preoperative planning of surgical interventions. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the morphological and morphometric parameters of renal arteries specific to the Turkish population.
Methods: RA diameter, angle, and distance to other vessels were performed on computed tomography angiography images of 299 patients (156 women, 143 men), considering their branching variations and the level of origin from the abdominal aorta.
Results: The frequency of RA variations was 16.5%. The right RA was observed to arise between the lower T12 level and middle L4 level, most commonly (25.39%) at the L1-2 disc level. The left RA was found to originate between the upper T12 level and lower L3 level, mostly (27.44%) at the L1-2 disc level. The mean diameter of the right RA was 5.49±1.24 mm in females and 6.01±1.69 mm in males, while the mean diameter of the left RA was 5.96±1.44 mm in females and 6.45±1.74 mm in males. The mean exit angle of the right RA from the abdominal aorta was 57.06±17.27° in females and 57.65±16.62° in males, and that of the left RA was 67.05±18.13° in females and 70.37±17.42° in males. The distance of the right RA to the celiac trunk was 3.1±1.29 cm, and its distance to the aortic bifurcation was 9.56±1.52 cm. The distance of the left RA to the celiac trunk was 3.27±1.25 cm, and its distance to the aortic bifurcation was 9.38±1.41 cm. Analysis of the relationship of the study parameters with age showed statistically significant correlations between age and the left RA diameter and between age and the distance of both the right and left renal arteries to the celiac trunk.
Conclusion: This study could contribute to the literature on renal artery morphology and morphometry in the Turkish population and provide guidance to clinicians.


Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa) and elderberries (Sambucus nigra) belong to species of fruit which are extremely rich in polyphenols and exhibit strong antiradical activities. Because of possible positive action on human health, these fruits are intensively investigated. Additionally, these two fruit species are interesting for cultivation due to many industrial applications. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of various polyphenolic classes on antiradical activity of chokeberry and elderberry. Two fractions of polyphenols were extracted. First fraction contained flavonols and phenolic acids and second anthocyanins. Antiradical activity of polyphenols in each fraction was investigated by using DPPH test. Total amount of polyphenols in each fraction was analyzed by HPLC methods. The results of HPLC analyses showed that chokeberry contained high amounts of caffeic acid derivatives and quercetin derivatives. Elderberry was characterized by high amount of quercetin derivatives. Both fruit species contained high amount of anthocyanins. The assessment of antiradical activity showed that all polyphenols contribute to antiradical activity of fruits. But the contribution of anthocyanins to antiradical activity was higher compared to contribution of flavonols and phenolic acids. Aronia anthocyanins showed 8 times higher antiradical activity than flavonols and phenolic acids. Elderberry anthocyanins also showed better ability to scavenge free radicals in comparison to other investigated polyphenols. Antiradical activity of elderberry anthocyanins was even 37 times higher than antiradical activity of flavonols and phenolic acids from elderberry. The results of this study provide better insight into antiradical activity of polyphenols from chokeberry and elderberry which are of great importance to potential positive action of these fruits on human health.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the breed, age, sex, slaughter weight, carcass weight, and carcass percentage of cattle which was slaughtered at Slaughter House in Salatiga, Central Java. The materials used in the study were 156 head of catlle. The sampling used was incidental sampling to identify the breed, age, sex, slaughter weight and carcass weight. The data gathered were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the sex of all the cattle slaughtered were male. The breeds of the cattle were Frisian Holstein Grade (70.51%), Simmental (15.38+3.21), Simmental-Ongole Grade (5.13%), and Limousine-Ongole Grade (5.77%). The average age of the cattle were 2.34 year old, with an average of slaughter weight of 529.34 kg, while the averages of carcass weight were 277.61 kg. The average of carcass percentage was as high as 52.56%. The conclusion of the study was the highest number of breeds of the cattle slaughtered at Slaughter House in Salatiga were young Frisian Holstein, the body weights were included in large frame score, and the carcass percentage were moderate.


A pair of kiwi, with ferns behind. The nearer bird is side-on, its head pointing to the right; the more distant bird has its beak plunged into the ground
Other Titles - Apteryx australis
Extended Title - From Buller, W. L. A history of the birds of New Zealand. 1st ed. (London, 1873) opp. p.358
Quantity: 1 colour art print(s).
Physical Description: Lithograph, hand-coloured, 240 x 312 mm


Social commerce is an emerging digital trend that involves participation from online communities. Members of online communities have become influential in ensuring the prolonged usage of social commerce sites. Drawing on the theories of planned behavior and social support as well as satisfaction and perceived value constructs, the purpose of this manuscript is to propose a continuance participation measurement framework. The framework integrates pertinent constructs that drive continuance participation measurement process, which applies the weighted checklist method. A simulation is performed to measure the significance level of online community sites. Additionally, data gathered from four experts confirm the efficacy of the proposed framework. The simulation discussed serves as a guideline and can be useful for developers and managers of social commerce sites for measuring the performance of their online community sites.


Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a less invasive treatment than surgery for severe aortic stenosis. However, its use is restricted by the fact that many patients eventually require permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI). This meta‐analysis was performed to identify predictors of post‐TAVR PPMI.


Gene therapy with an anti-nicotine monoclonal antibody limits nicotine access to the brain in mice and may be a potential therapy for cigarette addiction. Extinguishing Addiction Those who smoke and try to quit have variously described their feelings as a never-ending hunger, terror, immense panic, rage, and the loss of a loved one—reactions that stem from nicotine addiction and withdrawal. Given cigarette smoke's destructive effects on health and cost to society, a means of overcoming such addiction would be enormously beneficial. For most smokers, current antismoking therapies fail to work. One newer idea is an anti-nicotine vaccine; in this approach, nicotine (coupled to a larger molecule) is administered, generating an immune response. The resulting anti-nicotine antibodies bind the nicotine from cigarette smoke in the blood, intercepting the drug before it affects reward centers in the brain. In disappointing clinical trials, however, such vaccines result in variable antibody titers and have only limited success in halting smoking, with best results seen in people with the strongest antibody response. Hicks et al. now describe a different tactic to get to the same end; they use gene transfer to attain persistent, high levels of anti-nicotine antibodies in smokers' blood. The researchers constructed an adeno-associated virus–based vector that expressed a high-affinity anti-nicotine monoclonal antibody. Mice injected with a single dose of this vector made high antibody titers (which were in 40-fold molar excess over the nicotine concentrations seen in people who smoke continuously), which remained high for at least 18 weeks. When these mice were injected with nicotine, the antibodies effectively sequestered this compound in the blood: nicotine concentrations in the brain were only 15% of those in brains of mice that did not express the antibodies. Furthermore, the usual nicotine-induced changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and locomotor activity were abolished or greatly reduced in mice that expressed the anti-nicotine antibodies. Further work will be needed to test this vector in a rodent model trained to self-administer nicotine, because the mice in this study were not addicted to the drug. Successful results from such a test would then support investigating this approach in clinical trials. Current strategies to help tobacco smokers quit have limited success as a result of the addictive properties of the nicotine in cigarette smoke. We hypothesized that a single administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer vector expressing high levels of an anti-nicotine antibody would persistently prevent nicotine from reaching its receptors in the brain. To test this hypothesis, we constructed an AAVrh.10 vector that expressed a full-length, high-affinity, anti-nicotine antibody derived from the Fab fragment of the anti-nicotine monoclonal antibody NIC9D9 (AAVantiNic). In mice treated with this vector, blood concentrations of the anti-nicotine antibody were dose-dependent, and the antibody showed high specificity and affinity for nicotine. The antibody shielded the brain from systemically administered nicotine, reducing brain nicotine concentrations to 15% of those in naïve mice. The amount of nicotine sequestered in the serum of vector-treated mice was more than seven times greater than that in untreated mice, with 83% of serum nicotine bound to immunoglobulin G. Treatment with the AAVantiNic vector blocked nicotine-mediated alterations in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and locomotor activity. In summary, a single administration of a gene transfer vector expressing a high-affinity anti-nicotine monoclonal antibody elicited persistent (18 weeks), high titers of an anti-nicotine antibody that obviated the physiologic effects of nicotine. If this degree of efficacy translates to humans, AAVantiNic could be an effective preventative therapy for nicotine addiction.


A coliky and depressed four year old Arabian mare was examined three days after replacement of a rectal prolapse that had occurred during parturition. Fresh blood was present in the rectum and a septic peritonitis was diagnosed based upon the clinical pathological examination of the peritoneal fluid. At laparotomy the terminal 1.3 meters of small colon was found to be necrotic as a result of rupture of the terminal mesocolon and associated blood vessels. Based upon the poor prognosis the mare was euthanized. Rupture of the mesocolon was thought to be a sequel to the rectal prolapse. The anatomy predisposing the horse to these events is discussed.


To solve the problem of quantitative and qualitative information exchange in the process of fast and accurate identification on road network traffic status, which is also known as automatic congestion identification (ACI) problem, a recognition algorithm based on cloud mode with three-level road network traffic state is proposed l. This paper focuses on solving several key problems about the concept classification method, such as the design and implementation of peak cloud transform, concept to judge and X-condition cloud generator, etc., based on cloud model and implementing the algorithm. Example shows that the proposed algorithm can realize precise quantitative and qualitative information exchange, and be able to improve the existing ACI algorithms.


Purpose
In this work, an efficient architecture for memory built in self-test (MBIST) that incorporates a modified March Y algorithm using concurrent technique and a modified linear feedback shift register (LFSR)–based address generator is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach
Built in self-test (BIST) is emerging as the essential ingredient of the system on chip. In the ongoing high speed, high tech sophistication technology of the very large-scale integrated circuits, testing of these memories is a very tedious and challenging job, since the area overhead, the testing time and the cost of the test play an important role.

Findings
With the efficient service of the adapted architecture, switching activity is considerably cut down. As the switching activity is in direct proportion to the power consumed scaling down, the switching process of the address generator inevitably leads to the reduction in power consumption of the MBIST.

Originality/value
To improve the yield and fault tolerance of on-chip memories without degradation on its performance self-repair mechanisms can be implemented on chip.


The video on demand system is widely used because of the development of the Internet.How can we use the limited resource efficiently and provide better service to the users is a problem.In this paper,we introduce some means to manage and improve the quality of service in the VOD system which based on the web mining technology.


In eutherian mammals, there are marked interspecific differences in sperm head shape and tail length. In a few species, sperm head variability occurs but intra-individual variation in sperm tail length has rarely been investigated or commented upon. Here, we ask the question: Do murine rodent species that have variable sperm head shapes exhibit greater intra-individual variation in sperm midpiece and total tail lengths than closely related species where little, or no, sperm head variability occurs? From three separate lineages, we selected three pairs of murine rodents, one of which has monomorphic, and the other variable, sperm head shape. These were from southern Asia the bandicoot rats Bandicota bengalensis and Bandicota indica, from southern Africa the veld rats, Aethomys chrysophilus and Aethomys ineptus and from Australia the fawn hopping mouse Notomys cervinus and the spinifex hopping mouse Notomys alexis. Cauda epididymal sperm smears were prepared and sperm midpiece and total tail lengths were determined. A linear mixed-effects model was used to estimate intra-individual variance. The results showed that in all three species where there are variable sperm head shapes (B. indica, A. ineptus and N. alexis), statistically significantly greater intra-individual variability of sperm midpiece and total tail lengths occurs (P<0.0001 in all cases). These species all have relatively smaller testes mass compared with the closely related species with monomorphic sperm populations. This suggests that depressed levels of intermale sperm competition may result in the occurrence of variability in not only the divergent sperm head shape but also in the length of the midpiece as well as that of the total length of the sperm tail.


Objective:To investigate the role of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)in the progression,especially the invasion and migration,of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:We harvested the cultural supernatants of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts that were primarily cultured from tongue carcinoma tissues,which were further used to detect the effects of CAFs on the migration and invasion of tongue carcinoma cells line Tca8113. Moreover,the SDF-1αmRNA expression level of CAFs was analyzed using real-time PCR assays.AMD3100,a specific blocker for the SDF-1αreceptor CXCR4,was used to explore the mechanism underlying which CAFs promoted the migration of Tca8113.Results:CAFs promoted the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells cell line Tca8113significantly when compared with normal dermal fibroblasts.Real time PCR revealed the increased mRNA level of SDF-1αin CAFs compared with NDFs.Moreover,further evidences showed that AMD3100,a specific inhibitor of SDF-1α,markedly suppressed the enhanced effects of CAFs on the migration of Tca8113cells.Conclusion:CAFs from the tongue carcinoma tissues could promote the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells,indicating the important role of CAFs in the progression of such carcinoma.


1. bypass flow filter (1) which has a plurality of channels (2) formed by at least one profiled wall forming a layer (3) and at least one filter layer (4), and wherein at least a plurality of channels (2 ) provided protruding inward are guide vanes (5) and made in the wall-forming layer (3) passages (6) leading into another channel (2) and having a tapered cross-section (7), characterized in that the tapering portion (8) cross section (7) the passage is oriented towards the adjacent guide opatki (5). ! 2. bypass flow filter (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the tapered cross-section (7) has an area of 0.8 to 18 mm2. ! 3. The bypass flow filter (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the passages (6) are formed arranged in the adjacent channel (2) the guide vanes (5), each of which has a front surface (9), characterized in that each offset relative to each other guide vanes (5) are arranged in adjacent extrema (10) forming the wall layer (3). ! 4. bypass flow filter (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the passages are formed by guide vanes, each having a front surface, characterized in that the front surface (9) of the guide vanes arranged at an angle (11) to the axis (12) channel is not more than 45 °. ! 5. The bypass flow filter (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the passages are formed by guide vanes, each having a front surface, characterized in that the front surface (9) of the guide vanes have a length (13) of 3 to 8 mm. ! 6. bypass flow filter (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the passages are formed by guide vanes, each of which has


In September 2011, as we were editing this volume, our attention was caught by an online article in Archaeology News Network about a team of Oxford University scientists who were engaged in a project aiming "to produce a global map of the land owned or revered by the world's religions". 1 The researchers estimate that about 15% of the world's surface is "sacred land", much of it in groves and forests containing some of the richest biodiversity in the world, including numerous threatened species. While the researchers' primary goal is the measurement, assessment, conservation, and of fi cial protection of the globe's biodiversity using scienti fi c methods and tools of quantitative assessment, they also want to understand the use of sacred places in cultural, recreational, and religious activities over time, and their value to local people in terms of, for example, harbouring medicinal plants. Thus they plan to also work with the community groups for whom these places are sacred, entailing encounters with a vast range of religious belief systems. This article caught our interest for several reasons. First, the prestigious and ambitious nature of the project signals scientists' growing acknowledgement of the acute and perpetual importance of understanding sacred places for human communities. The fact that such places constitute a large portion of the planet demonstrates that they warrant signi fi cant attention. Second, while prioritizing the methods and tools of quantitative assessment, the research team is interested in a rather more holistic understanding, which necessitates their working with other kinds of tools too. One tool requires engaging with the community stewards of sacred places whose expert knowledge, practices, and religious beliefs can assist the scienti fi c enquiry. Hence, the often critical insights offered by ethnographic data, or living people—used appropriately—are recognized as having a potential role alongside Introduction


In complex life system,Bioinformatics is a technology of studying biological phenomenon and its regulations with synthesis, completeness, system.It breaks down the usual research model and will soon become a powerful research tool in life science.With the rise and research of Bioinformatics technology,the manner of life science research will undergoes a profound switch.


This article aims to discuss the construction of morally oriented values of subjects who live in the central streets of the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (Brazil), and who are users of licit and illicit drugs. This is the result of an ethnographic research, carried out between 2013 and 2017, by a team of researchers in the areas of Anthropology, Philosophy, Political Sciences, and students of undergraduate and graduate courses in Social Sciences. The life trajectories of people who live on the street and use drugs were analyzed. The methodological procedures applied were direct observation techniques, informal and formal interviews, and records in a field notebook. The theoretical support of material analysis takes the basis on authors as Habermas, Krohlberg, Goulejac, and Oliveira whose contributions were fundamental in this research. For the analytical reading of the specific situation of the street inhabitants and the privileged social actors in this investigation, three determining aspects were considered in the understanding of moral values: the singularity of the moral fact in the actions of the subject, the predominance of pragmatic and creative use of values and equivalent ones in everyday actions, and the ethical/moral issues in risky situations. Those aspects are crucial to understand the lives of people who live on the street, make use of drugs, and are in a situation of social vulnerability. The results show that in the perception of the subjects, ethical and moral values are constructed based on universal and singular perspectives that structure daily life in a scenario designed by dilemmatic, ambivalent, and conflictive situations. The people who participated in this investigation who live on the street and use drugs express ethical issues in the act of reflecting on their lifestyle and life expectancy. On the other hand, moral issues are detailed between the challenge of thinking about practice based on the universalization of values and the bet on overcoming thinking guided by egocentrism. The experience of drug use and life on the streets determines their actions anchored in the pragmatic use of the values they have as a reference.


Purpose
This study aims to evaluate and assess the elastoplastic properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured by Arcam Q20 Plus electron beam melting (EBM) machine by a tensile test campaign and micro computerized tomography (microCT) imaging.

Design/methodology/approach
ASTM E8 tensile test specimens are designed and manufactured by EBM at an Arcam Q20 Plus machine. Surface quality is improved by machining to discard the effect of surface roughness. After surface machining, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post-treatment is applied to half of the specimens to remove unsolicited internal defects. ASTM E8 tensile test campaign is carried out simultaneously with digital image correlation to acquire strain data for each sample. Finally, build direction and HIP post-treatment dependencies of elastoplastic properties are analyzed by F-test and t-test statistical analyses methods.

Findings
Modulus of elasticity presents isotropic behavior for each build direction according to F-test and t-test analysis. Yield and ultimate strengths vary according to build direction and post-treatment. Stiffness and strength properties are superior to conventional Ti-6Al-4V material; however, ductility turns out to be poor for aerospace structures compared to conventional Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In addition, micro CT images show that support structure leads to dense internal defects and pores at applied surfaces. However, HIP post-treatment diminishes those internal defects and pores thoroughly.

Originality/value
As a novel scientific contribution, this study investigates the effects of three orthogonal build directions on elastoplastic properties, while many studies focus on only two-build directions. Evaluation of Poisson's ratio is the other originality of this study. Furthermore, another finding through micro CT imaging is that temporary support structures result in intense defects closer to applied surfaces; hence high-stress regions of structures should be avoided to use support structures.


We addressed the condition of restored soil on alluvial plain in the south-eastern Slovenia after they have been given for the gravel deposit easement during construction. According to pre-investigation using soil probes, two soil profile pits were dug: Profile 1 on the area where excavated soils were deposited over original soils; and Profile 2 on the area where topsoil had been removed before gravel deposition and reapplied after the easement. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The results show that chemical properties were generally not the limiting factor for soil fertility. Compaction of the soil reduced hydraulic conductivity and resulted in water stagnation. The bulk density on the area where the material was deposited directly on the soil surface ranged from 1.41 to 1.77 g cm-3. The hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil was practically impermeable at depths of 10, 20, and 30 cm, indicating compaction due to high mechanical load. At the area where topsoil was removed before deposition and restored after easement the hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil was low to moderate. Removal of the topsoil before construction began was an appropriate action, but reclamation measures are also required.


Seed dispersal of Biserrula pelecinus via cattle dung in a semiarid pasture is analysed by quantification of the viable seed content of cattle dung, assessment of the percentage of readily germinable seeds in growth chamber of seeds collected from the plant and from dung, monitoring of the on-field frequency of the species in dung pats and in surrounding (control) pasture plots the four springs after dung deposition, and quantification of the pasture area occupied by dung pats. Large amounts of seeds of the species are dispersed by cattle (up to 4 seeds g −1 of dry manure in June 1991), and the germinability of the seeds increases significantly following their passage through the cattle gut (from 2.5% to 9.5%). In the first three springs after deposition, the frequency of adult plant of the species on dung almost tripled that found in the surrounding pasture. The effect on the pasture is scale-dependent and varies considerably between zones depending on the area covered by dung. Thus, presence on dung may explain an average of 8% of the frequency of the species in the pasture at a 10 × 10 cm scale, and up to 20% in some areas. The results are the first evidence of a herbaceous species being greatly favoured in a plant community by its dispersal through herbivore dung, a process that may have profound implications for the interpretation of plant-herbivore relations and on the evolution of plant traits.


Forty years after its original publication, in 1963, this volume continues to be consulted by scholars and others who wish to revisit the origins of Nigerian political parties and the mechanics of late-colonial Nigerian nationalism. My introduction to the 1983 edition, reprinted herein above, draws attention to continuities in both party leadership and the system of political parties despite a fourteen-year interlude of military rule, including two and one-half years of civil war, before the restoration of constitutional democracy in 1979. Twenty years later, after nearly fifteen and one half additional years (1984-1999) of military rule and four more years (1999-2003) of elected civilian government, I wish to propose an idea about Nigerian national politics that I have formulated tentatively on the basis of reflections on the pattern of political competition since the 1930s. Ever since the Second World War, when nation-wide political parties, as distinct from parties with national aims, emerged for the first time, there has often been a party of political barons or elites, widely distributed throughout the country, opposed by sectional parties or a coalition of sectional parties. While the party of widely distributed elites has always had ethno-sectional strongholds and centers of gravity, its top-down national, as opposed to bottom-up coalitional, structure has been a major asset in national electoral campaigns. I find that national elite coalitions have regularly out-performed electoral coalitions created by politicians who have tried to reach out from a primary ethnosectional base to ally with similar parties and factions in other parts of the country. Nigerian history suggests that coalitions of sectional groups are unlikely to win national elections. I shall briefly sketch the historical background for this proposition. The first coalition of modernizing Nigerians claiming to represent the national interest was the Nigerian Youth Movement, founded in 1936. Although the ethnic


PURPOSE
To determine the percentage of males with a low hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test score in couples having in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) where the male partner had normal motile densities and no antisperm antibodies.

METHODS
The results were also analyzed according to the percentage of HOS scores < 50% when morphology using strict criteria was < or = 4% or > 4%. A retrospective review was performed.

RESULTS
There were 250 subnormal HOS scores out of 1993 otherwise normal semen specimens.

CONCLUSIONS
12.5% of couples would have had conventional oocyte inseminations rather than ICSI if the HOS test had not been not performed (it is rarely performed by other IVF centers). Without ICSI expected live delivered pregnancy rates would be close to zero for males with low HOS tests < 50%. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection allows pregnancy rates almost as good as completely normal sperm.


Open educational resources (OER) are seen as means to decrease the cost of higher education and close the educational divide between different society groups. At the same time, studies show that collaborative learning is very beneficial for the students. The effective organization of collaborative learning activities is, however, a complex task that requires both properly structured instructional materials and an appropriate collaboration management system. In this paper we discuss the design and development of a free-to-use software system that stimulates the employment of OER in the preparation of collaborative learning materials for mobile devices or lab computers. The system is web-based and enables instructors to coordinate the collaborative learning process more effectively. It also collects data for assessment of student attainments and employs mark up and tagging for tracking and rights management. The system focuses on interactions based on gap filling activities and is particularly suitable for learning in small groups, e.g., group learning about case studies in business classes. Observations and comments regarding the use of the system in an operations management course environment are summarized in the end of this work.


New Public Management has changed the way we perceive and at the same time govern public health companies. The applied method is quantitative subjective, the theory of New Public Management is redefined. The carried-out elaboration, after having identified the variables considered and the possible mathematical relationship between variables (for example a synthetic index of mobility), defines the relationship between them through linear regression and multivariate statistical analysis. The choice of mobility for acute performance in the ordinary regime between regions in Italy is used as a case study. The challenge of the new millennium is the identification of non-economic indicators useful to support the traditional economic indicators that are not always representative of the real welfare of the population in a modern redefinition of New Public Management approach.


Studies assessing genetic damage and its association with disease-candidate genes in patients belonging to geographically distinct populations are scanty. The present study evaluated DNA damage using the alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis assay in peripheral blood leukocytes of Psoriasis Punjabi Patients on systemic-topical therapy who had been genotyped for two disease-candidate genes (HLA-C, human leukocyte antigen and the coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1(CCHCR1). Genetic damage was disease gene-influenced as homozygous mutants for CCHCR1 Exon 4 site 386* (C→T) and heterozygous mutants for 404* (C→T) alleles had significantly more damage (p<0.05) compared to respective homozygous wild types. The arginine to tryptophan substitution alters the protein, triggering keratinocyte proliferation and probably inflammation/ oxidative stress. This along with drug-treatment probably caused the observed DNA damage. Population sub-groups had no within group differences but larger sizes can explore this possibility. Studies of this type can provide disease-gene-damage prone information for exploring DNA- safe therapeutics.


THE CONCEPT OF THE PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH PARABOLIC CABLES AND VERTICAL SUSPENDERS IS EXPOUNDED. A SPECIMEN OF 100 M SPAN IS DESCRIBED. IT PROVED TO BE VERY ECONOMICAL. METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF SUCH BRIDGES AND METHODS OF PRESTRESSING THEM ARE REVIEWED. A DESIGN FOR A BRIDGE OF 350 M SPAN IS OUTLINED. IT WAS SUBMITTED IN A COMPETITION AND ALSO TURNED OUT TO BE VERY ECONOMICAL. THE ECONOMY OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SUSPENSION BRIDGE WITH TRIANGULAR SYSTEM OF SUSPENDERS IS PRESENTED. /RRL/A/


The huge amount of graph data are published and shared for research and business purposes, which brings great benefit for our society. However, user privacy is badly undermined even though user identity can be anonymized. Graph de-anonymization to identify nodes from an anonymized graph is widely adopted to evaluate users' privacy risks. Most existing de-anonymization methods which are heavily reliant on side information (e.g., seeds, user profiles, community labels) are unrealistic due to the difficulty of collecting this side information. A few graph de-anonymization methods only using structural information, called seed-free methods, have been proposed recently, which mainly take advantage of the local and manual features of nodes while overlooking the global structural information of the graph for de-anonymization. In this paper, a seed-free graph de-anonymization method is proposed, where a deep neural network is adopted to learn features and an adversarial framework is employed for node matching. To be specific, the latent representation of each node is obtained by graph autoencoder. Furthermore, an adversarial learning model is proposed to transform the embedding of the anonymized graph to the latent space of auxiliary graph embedding such that a linear mapping can be derived from a global perspective. Finally, the most similar node pairs in the latent space as the anchor nodes are utilized to launch propagation to de-anonymize all the remaining nodes. The extensive experiments on some real datasets demonstrate that our method is comparative with the seed-based approaches and outperforms the start-of-the-art seed-free method significantly.


In accordance with the characteristics of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technique, this paper proposes a new location-aided and power-aware routing algorithm based on the existing routing protocols for ad hoc networks. Simulation results indicate that the new algorithm works well in prolonging the lifetime of the network and balancing energy consumption of the nodes.


Asian Economic Papers 1:2 © 2002 the Center for International Development at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Warwick McKibbin: The key andings of Jong-il Kim's paper are (1) TFP growth in East Asia has not been as high as that of major developed countries over the recent past; (2) economic growth in East Asia over the last 40 years has been based largely on capital accumulation and has occurred with low TFP growth; (3) this pattern was very similar to that of the United States and Japan at the same stage of these countries' economic development, although it occurred in East Asia over a much shorter time; (4) TFP growth in East Asia has been much higher than TFP growth in other developing economies at the same stage of development; (5) growth depends on macroeconomic stability; and (6) future growth prospects in East Asia are good because of current investment in intangible capital but are not necessarily assured because of institutional rigidities (e.g., in Japan).


In "Atmospheric carbon dioxides: Its role in maintaining phytoplankton standing crops" by D. W. Schindler et al. (29 September, page 1192), line 17, paragraph 2, column 3, page 1193, should read "yield an invasion of carbon of 0.07" instead of "yield . . . 0.04."


This simulation teaches the relationships between five simple Business Decision variables in a typical manufacturing business environment. It simulates 20 quarters of business operation. Accrual accounting methods are used. Each period an Integrated Financial Statement report is provided.


In this paper the existence and uniqueness of the solution for a stochastic nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which is perturbed by a cylindrical Wiener process is investigated. The existence of the variational solution and of the generalized weak solution are proved by using sequences of successive approximations, which are the solutions of certain linear problems.


Abstract : Recent conflicts in Kosovo and Iraq have demonstrated that there is an urgent need for C2ISR platforms to work together synergistically to prosecute objectives outlined by the CINC Coordination of C2ISR assets under JTF command is necessary to maintain unity of effort in support of the overall campaign plan. It is also necessary for C2 and ISR to work as one to support the Mission Commander (MC). Maximum effort needs to be taken to ensure friendly radar, collection, electronic warfare support (ES), command and control (C2), and communications assets are employed to their fullest potential. This paper explores procedural solutions to integrate C2 and ISR. Horizontal integration of C2 and ISR assets can enhance Time Sensitive Targeting operations. This paper examines the current structure of C2 and ISR, and the problems therein, focusing specifically on why having each work for a different directorate inside the AOC produces inefficiencies, Recent exercises utilized different architectures and organizational structures to make the process more efficient. I explore what can be done procedurally to fix the problem with current technologies, to focus the efforts of the C2 and ISR communities at the tactical level. This thesis utilizes lessons learned from recent exercises such as JEFX 99, JTFEX 01, and two C2 Red Flags. Additionally, it analyzes data from recent contingency operations, such as Operations ALLIED FORCE (OAF)and ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF). Having done that, I will explore the impacts of using the current system. Since C2ISR is a system of systems, the objective is to produce an integrated, executable C2ISR plan to support to the Mission Commander and Time Sensitive Targeting.


In this paper, the behavior of coupling between the translation and rotation of the rigid body with variable boundary is investigated using numerical method via a typical example.


The use of thermal energy as a means of enhancing flight performance of blunt bodies at hypersonic speeds is investigated. The "DirectedEnergy Air Spike" (DBAS) inlet concept proposes the beamed transmission of concentrated energy forward of a moving vehicle in order to change the bow shock configuration from a detached normal (strong) shock wave to an oblique, parabolic-shaped (weak) shock wave. This new approach provides low aerodynamic drag and heating, or also deflects the oncoming air into an annular hypersonic inlet. The compressed inlet air can either be accelerated to produce thrust or decelerated to extract onboard electric power. A 6-in. diameter blunt body model was fabricated with pressure transducers at its surface and equipped with 6-in. long slender plasma torch at the stagnation point. This model has been installed in the RPI 24-in. diameter Hypersonic Shock Tunnel and used to test the Directed-Energy Air Spike concept. Pilot pressures have been measured at the maximum diameter annular region of the blunt body. Surface pressure and pilot rake pressure surveys are presented for Mach numbers of 10 to 20 for the blunt body with no spike, and for Mach numbers 10 to 15 for the spiked blunt body with spike but no power cases. Also, Schlieren photographs for all previous configurations at Mach number 10 flow are presented as well as for the spiked blunt body power on case at Mach number 10. § Graduate Student, AIAA Student Member. t Associate Professor of Aeronautical Engineering, AIAA Member. $ Active Professor Emeritus of Aeronautical Engineering, AIAA Fellow. Copyright © 1997 by L.N. Myrabo and P G. P. Toro. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. INTRODUCTION In an attempt to travel at ever increasing velocities in an efficient manner, Myrabo and Raizer have recently proposed the theoretical concept for an "Air Spike" inlet (see Fig. 1), now re-named the "Directed-Energy Air Spike" (DBAS). The DBAS inlet concept enables active control of external aerothermodynamics for an advanced hypersonic transalmospheric vehicle by replacing directed energy for mass, conventionally in the form of a sharp nosed structure. 'LASER SUPPORTED DETONATION (LSD) WAVE COMPRESSED INLET AIR OBLIQUE SHOCK WAVE ANNULAR MHD SLIPSTREAM JOR Figure 1. "Direct-Energy Air Spike" inlet concept. One major advantage of the directed-energy air spike over a solid mass spike is lhat it has no weight. In addition, the propulsion system design of a transatmospheric vehicle using the DBAS inlet presents two more advantages: 1) employs a detached parabolic bow shock wave to contain a rarefied, "hot air pocket" that substantially reduces the flow Mach number impacting the vehicle forebody; and 2) directs the incident hypersonic air flow toward the periphery of the craft where the annular inlet of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) slipstream accelerator is located. The directed-energy air spike in front of a craft may be created by a shock wave propagating from a weak laser-supported detonation (LSD) wave. The pressure at the LSD wave front, being higher than atmospheric pressure, deflects the incident air flow from the axial direction and forces it to flow over the spike to the periphery of the craft (Fig. 1). The feasibility of transatmospheric flight is limited by phenomena such as aerodynamic drag and heating, as well as related thermal management problems. Traditional blunt nosed hypersonic vehicles generate a strong detached, normal shock wave in the nose region, which produces a high drag coefficient. The temperature behind this strong shock wave escalates at hypersonic velocities (Fig. 2a), although the aerodynamic heating rates are reduced compared with that of an attached shock wave on a conical body.


This is a breakthrough in the study of Antonio Gramsci's (1891–1937) political thought, in its comparison with a leading Malaysia statesman named Mahathir Mohamad (1925-), as well as linking them to International Political Economy dynamics. The purpose of this study is to draw rich access to Gramsci's pre-Prison Notebooks and his articulation on the historical trajectory of connections of finance capital and war as the basis of the emerging Anglo-Saxon world hegemony. It covers Gramsci's lifetime and to the current era. It identifies the contradiction within the Neoliberal historical bloc; and the potential of Mahathir-initiated movement in organizing a new form of counter-hegemony as a new historical bloc. The study employs the qualitative research method underpinning the dialectics of Gramscian epistemology of 'philosophy of praxis'. There are two major assertions of Mahathir's counter-hegemony; first is the construction of a Gold Dinar historical bloc; and second is the movement to Criminalize War. These movements are considered as Gramscian war of position toward the formation of a new form of alternative historical bloc. Although these movements remain at an early stage, they offer the possibility of change in the prevailing world order.


The population of India is estimated to exceed 700 million; the vast majority (78%) live in villages. There is an extensive government-run Primary Health Care (PHC) system with over 5000 PHC centers each serving around 100 villages. These centers are sub-divided into an average of 7 sub-centers each serving 15 villages and 600000 community health workers have been mobilized. Despite these impressive figures there is as in many countries still scope for the operations of non-governmental organizations (NGO) with links to national programs. On the basis of an analysis of successful NGO projects carried out in rural India this report identifies those elements which such projects have in common and which may have contributed to their success. Successful NGO-supported health projects are not always initiated by doctors but sometimes by other concerned professionals; they are oriented towards the rural poor have clear boundaries are run by people who take up residence in the area and are based on a structural analysis of the society leading to an integrated approach to rural development. They do not represent a ready-made packgage but are tailored to local needs and resources. Among the aspects discussed are the objectives of the rural health communicator the contents of his message the infrastructure of rural health as a communication system and relations with the government health structure. The communicator should initiate a survey to explore health problems and resources that are locally available for solving problems; pay attention to traditional ways people treat health problems and explore whether local health personnel can be upgraded into PHC workers. Messages to be communicated are that health is for all; that health care is primarily preventative rather than curative and can be attained and maintained with simple means; and that the community can to a great extent pay for its health services. These messages should be conveyed primarily by the village health worker (usually women) who is the focal point of an infrastructure that includes a local health center and a small hospital. Active involvement of all participants in the rural health care project is the key to a successful project. This activity includes continual monitoring and evaluating of the project and maintaining an open line of communication with the local government for obtaining supplies technical expertise and legitimacy.


Nowadays, city mayors seemed to be massively engaged in the elaboration of public action projects that could help them to mobilize support. The article discusses the thesis of output-based political legitimization often presented as a response to a more differentiated pluralistic society. In order to do so, it discusses the investments necessary for a political use of public action before drawing attention to the uncertainties implied by such a form of government.


Summary1. Wind power is a fast-growing industry with broad potential to impact volant wildlife.Flight altitude is a key determinant of the risk to wildlife from modern horizontal-axis windturbines, which typically have a rotor-swept zone of 50–150 m above the ground.2. We used altitudinal GPS data collected from golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos tracked usingsatellite telemetry to evaluate the potential impacts of wind turbines on eagles and otherraptors along migratory routes. Eagle movements during migration were classified as local(1–5kmh 1 ) or migratory (>10 km h 1 ) and were characterized based on the type of terrainover which each bird was flying, and the bird's distance from wind resources preferred forenergy development.3. Birds engaged in local movements turned more frequently and flew at lower altitude thanduring active migration. This flight behaviour potentially exposes them to greater risk of colli-sion with turbines than when engaged in longer-distance movements.4. Eagles flew at relatively lower altitude over steep slopes and cliffs (sites where orographiclift can develop) than over flats and gentle slopes (sites where thermal lift is more likely).5. Eagles predominantly flew near to wind resources preferred by energy developers, andlocally moving eagles flew closer to those wind resources with greater frequency than eaglesin active migration.6. Synthesis and applications. Our research outlines the general effects of topography onraptor flight altitude and demonstrates how topography can interact with raptor migrationbehaviour to drive a potential human–wildlife conflict resulting from wind energy develop-ment. Management of risk to migratory species from industrial-scale wind turbines shouldconsider the behavioural differences between both locally moving and actively migrating indi-viduals. Additionally, risk assessment for wind energy–wildlife interactions should incorporatethe consequences of topography on the flight altitude of potentially impacted wildlife.Key-words: flight altitude, GPS telemetry, landform, migration, migratory behaviour, windenergy resources, wind turbinesIntroduction


This paper briefly presents the investigation of risk based decision making for mobile mooring system. This paper used bow tie analysis to analyze the risk of mobile mooring failure. Bow tie analysis consists of FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) on left part and ETA (Event Tree Analysis) on the right part. FTA is useful to determine the potential causes from critical top event until the undesired events are obtained. ETA (Event Tree Analysis) is helpful to define the possible consequence by relating an initiating event to various consequence models. The investigation consists of determining the critical hazards of mooring system failure through investigating the root causes, the consequences, and the frequency index.


Introduction Design for local development is the main focus of the ME.design research, carried out in Italy throughout the years 20022003 by the Sistema Design Italia network. Its main objective was that of identifying and studying in depth the strategic action modalities of design for the territory's development especially in Italy, and in those contexts having an ideal relation with the Mediterranean basin, from the historical and cultural point of view, or from that of the production system and local resources. This paper describes the main results of the research, its methodological approach, the carried out activities and the main results regarding design as a discipline.


In this paper we propose an objective Bayesian estimation methodology for the parameter of the Poisson-exponential lifetime distribution, which is a new two-parameter lifetime distribution with increasing failure rate. This distribution has an important position on the latent complementary risk problem scenario. We also perform a simulation study in order to analyze the frequentist coverage probabilities of credible interval derived from non-subjective posteriors. The developed procedures are illustrated on a real data set.


Kaiser Permanente began providing subspecialty care in 1989 for patients testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Care was directed by infectious diseases specialists with support from primary care physicians, other specialty groups, and ancillary care, including case management and extensive outpatient services. Costs for all services were recorded and monitored. The Kaiser Permanente MidAtlantic States system, which has the highest prevalence of HIV infection in the Kaiser Permanente health system, evaluated the costs and clinical outcomes of introducing this new care program. In addition, the costs of treatment with antiretroviral therapy were tracked. Annual costs of care have increased as the prevalence of HIV infection has increased and as new antiretroviral agents have been introduced. Costs per patient-year leveled in 1998 and have remained steady. Although most of the increased cost of care is attributable to the use of antiretroviral therapy, the health of HIVpositive patients has improved dramatically. The number of patients with CD4 lymphocyte counts of 500 or more has increased from 16% in 1995 to 25% in 1999. The costs of antiretroviral therapy have been offset by reductions in opportunistic infections and in the need for acute care for advanced disease. Hospital utilization has decreased steadily and is attributed to the introduction of subspecialty care, the use of antiretroviral therapy, and the increase in outpatient services available to HIVpositive patients.


Background: The number of unemployed people in Indonesia is mixed in a high category, especially nursing graduates, because the absorbed workforce is not comparable to the number of graduates in each year. In addition to capable skills, academic requirements or learning achievement (GPA) are also considered. So, the importance of motivation possessed by students will encourage them to achieve goals and compete in the world of work, and influence the results of learning achievement.

Method: The method of this study was non-experimental with Cross Sectional Research. The population in this study were 518 students. The sampling technique using Propotionate Statified Random Sampling which was taken into 221 students by distributing a questioner. Data analyzed by using Spearment Rank.

Results: The results of the study showed that the motivation of becoming nurses in the majority of students had moderate motivation as much as 50.7%, while the majority of the learning achievements had very satisfying learning achievements as much as 79.6%. Spearman Rank Test results with the SPSS version 16 program, obtained a value of P = 0.009 <α = 0.05 and the value of r = 0.175 which mean, there is a relationship between motivation to be a nurse towards student achievement.

Discussion: Motivation possessed by students will affect the learning outcomes, in addition to motivation, some factors can influence the results of student learning achievement.


Can TV ads effectively "cut through the clutter?" New measurement technology quantifies TV viewer tuning, presence and attention, enabling new distinctions between TV ads that are viewable and TV ads that are actually viewed. We use broadcast networks' verifiably quasi-random ordering of ads within commercial breaks to identify causal effects of ads on viewing behaviors among 4.26 million advertising exposures. We supplement ad metadata with three sets of machine-coded ad content features for 6,650 frequent ads. Recreational product ads preserve audience tuning and presence. Prescription drug advertisements decrease tuning and presence, with larger audience losses during drug ads treating more prevalent and severe conditions. Viewer attention decreases with ad duration and during the first three slots in the break. Effects of ad content on viewer attention are near zero, calling into question whether advertisers can use ad content to attract audience attention.


The world of work and home has become increasingly fluid (Bauman 2000), due to an increase in flexible working. Work has become decoupled from time and space (Gajendran and Harrison 2007), making it increasingly common for knowledge-based workers to work at different times and in multiple spaces across a working day or week (Duxbury et al. 2014; Sewell and Taskin 2015; Kingma 2016). The Covid-19 pandemic in particular has been a catalyst for questioning accepted norms of where, when, and how work takes place and has encouragedmany to experiment with new ways of working at spatio-temporal distance from a regular workplace (Gandini and Garavaglia 2023). This reshaping of traditional modes of working has had a significant effect on working patterns, social workplace interactions, personal relationships, and the boundaries between familial and working lives, which we seek to explore in this Special Issue. For many years, an increase in flexible working has reshaped traditional modes of working, both infringing on traditional associations between a place of work and its content and reorienting the spatial, temporal, and behavioural boundaries between work and non-work (Ashforth, Kreiner, and Fugate 2000). According to Basile and Beauregard (2021), technology has played a central part in these changes as we 'feel compelled to stay "switched on" to work' (36). As a result, the use of time, space, and objects in demarcating the work-nonwork boundary has become more flexible and fluid (Reissner, Izak, and Hislop 2021; Izak, Shortt, and Case 2022) than traditionally assumed. During the Covid-19 pandemic, working from home crossed the work-nonwork boundary frequently to attend to both professional and family roles. Largely fixed work schedules commonly led to struggles to fulfil this multitude of commitments (Adisa et al. 2022). An increase in remote and hybrid forms of working, which has been associated with an increase of labour productivity (Office for National Statistics 2022), and which is bound to continue (World Economic Forum 2020), has further highlighted spatial, social, and temporal shifts in our understanding of community at work (Spinuzzi et al. 2019; Garrett, Spreitzer, and Bacevice 2017), as well as the embodied practices of workers (de Vaujany and Aroles 2019). Specifically, there has been a trend towards individualization of working patterns as a result of flexible working, which may weaken the fabric of social relationships at work (Ajzen and Taskin 2021). If excessive, this trend may affect our sense of belonging (Vine, this issue). However, if the right balance is achieved, individualization may increase the collaborative capabilities of many organizations by, for example, enabling speedier teamwork or supporting the facilitation of employees who feel less comfortable interacting during face-to-face meetings (Farragher 2022, 35). Yet this still changes the landscape for how and where we work in this Covid-emergent world. For example, many organizations have started re-thinking and re-writing their flexible working policies in light of the pandemic, whilst acknowledging how flexible working (particularly in relation to the choices we make about where we work) impacts employee well-being, health, those employees home-working in rural areas, those employees home-working whilst living with different generations (Chennangodu and Rajendra, this issue), and the different experiences of men and women (Marra 2023).


Helium ash production and transport have been measured in TFTR deuterium-tritium plasmas using charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy. The helium ash confinement time, including recycling effects, is 6--10 times the energy confinement time and is compatible with sustained ignition in a reactor. The ash confinement time is dominated by edge pumping rates rather than core transport. The measured evolution of the local thermal ash density agrees with modeling, indicating that alpha particle slowing-down calculations used in the modeling are reasonable.


In Quality Function Deployment, determination of the target values for engineering requirements is the most difficult process. A fuzzy optimization model is presented for the determination of target values for engineering requirements in Quality Function Deployment. An inexact genetic algorithm approach was introduced to solve the model that takes the mutation along the weighted gradient direction as a genetic operator. Instead of obtaining one set of exact optimal target values, the approach can generate a family of inexact optimal target values setting within an acceptable satisfaction degree. Through an interactive approach, a design team can determine a combination of preferred solution sets from which a set of preferred target values of engineering requirements based on a specific design scenario can be obtained. An example of car door design is used to illustrate the approach.


Non-destructive tests have capabilities to investigate and identify the defects and properties of the test piece without changing the physical and mechanical properties of the sample. The non-destructive ultrasonic test has been used in many investigations to study different material properties such as mechanical and structural properties. The ultrasonic wave propagation velocities have been widely used for metal hardness measurement. In this study, for the first time, non-destructive ultrasonic testing has been employed to measure the hardness of rubber compounds using Gaussian process regression. Eighty-seven samples with different formulations were prepared and vulcanized. After the vulcanization, the compound hardness of the samples and the longitudinal ultrasonic wave velocity through them was measured. The result of Gaussian process regression model shows that this model performs well and able to predict tire hardness. Also, investigating repeatability shows that this method can be a good alternative for conventional hardness testing method in measuring the hardness of rubbers. According to the low time of the test in this method and no need to sample preparation, the proposed method can be used in tire production lines. Review History: Received: 2017/09/30 Revised: 2017/11/21 Accepted: 2018/02/19 Available Online: 2018/03/15


The first examples of (η5-phosphindolyl)iron(II) species, which are planar-chiral, have been prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, and their partial optical resolution has been examined.


Heavy metal like lead and chromium present in environment in large quantities cause a severe environmental concern. Significant risks to the environment and agriculture are posed by heavy metal contamination of the air, water


The high number of losses and casualties experienced by the Indonesian people is caused by various factors. One of the factors lies in the people who lack knowledge in dealing with climate phenomena. Student-teacher candidates must take an important role in solving climate problems. One solution is to predict climate phenomena. This study uses the ARIMA model to predict the El Niño La Niña & Indian Ocean Dipole phenomenon. The research method is the ARIMA model prediction steps using student worksheets. (1) know the model by determining ACF and PACF. (2) parameter model estimation determines ARIMA on predetermined ACF and PACF. The ARIMA parameter model is the slightest Mean Squared Error (MSE) level. (3) the diagnostic model of the smallest MSE. (4) a measure of predictive accuracy. And (5) Argumentation. Results In the IOD calculation, the correlation between the three-month prediction period is 0.92 and for six months is 0.96. This is the same as in the Nińo 3.4 correlation data. The value is close to 1, which is very accurate and can be used. The predicted value of the IOD index was expected. The resulting values ranged from 0.01 to 0.17. This means that students are proficient in making climate predictions. Because students are enthusiastic and passionate about studying climate, it is a new science


There is building evidence that climate change is causing an intensification of precipitation patterns. Locations around the world can expect to experience more intense precipitation events. Engineers must be able to account for this future climatic uncertainty in their designs in order to develop sustainable and resilient systems. Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) estimates, developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), are used across the United States for engineering design. These estimates were developed under the assumption of a stationary climate (with respect to precipitation intensity). However, research has shown that this assumption may lead to the underestimation of extreme events. The objective of this study is to characterize projected changes in storm intensity, duration, and frequency for the Kansas City area, including: 1) Identifying precipitation trends and 2) Developing IDF estimates incorporating projected climate trends. To achieve these objectives, precipitation data was analyzed from six NOAA gages and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5) ensemble. Annual and monthly precipitation was analyzed for both the observational gage data and CMIP5 model data using the Mann Kendall trend test. Increasing trends were identified in the winter (Dec.-Feb.) and spring (Mar.-May) months, while decreasing trends were identified for July-September, indicating a potential shift in seasonal precipitation patterns. Increasing trends were identified for annual precipitation for both the gage data and climate model data. Partial Duration Series (PDS) were developed for the six gages using the Peak-over-threshold (POT) method. Significant increasing trends were identified for the frequency of PDS events. A strong correlation was identified between PDS event frequency and annual precipitation. This relationship was used to develop a novel approach for incorporating climate model projections at the monthly scale into gage-based PDS events used to derive IDF curves. In this methodology, the PDS annual exceedance rate for the future time period was determined based on the CMIP5 model projected annual precipitation. IDF estimates incorporating projected climate model trends were then developed using the adjusted PDS data sets. Results showed an increase in event magnitude from the original for most durations and recurrence


A group of iron-smelting furnaces, located in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Zululand, is described. The results of excavation of 6 furnaces are discussed and radiocarbon dates are presented which show that the complex can be attributed to the Late Iron Age. The site is considered within the wider context of the later prehistory of Zululand.


Artemisinin is known as a constituent of the medicinal plant, Artemisia annua L. and has been used in folk medicine to treat various ailments for centuries. In studies to investigate the whitening effect of Artemisia annua L. extracts and artemisinin as an active ingredient for whitening cosmetics, ...


The successful use of vaccine consisting of x-irradiated Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae, in 134 calves under farm conditions during 1959-61, is described. The vaccine was safe for use in normal calves and in calves suffering a mild virus pneumonia. Adequate larval attenuation was shown by absence of patent inflections and very little affect on respiratory rate. Experimental challenge with 5000 to 10000 iarvae in 10 calves resulted in mild symptoms but a 2-fold increase in respiratory rate. Natural pasture challenge of calves produced similar mild symptoms except after sudden exposure to a very heavy pasture challenge. The evidence presented indicates that the vaccine used is quite safe to use, in that its pathogenicity is negligible. The failure to find lungworm iarvae in repeated fecal samples from calves during the vaccination process indicates that the level of irradiation used effectively attenuates the larvae and prevents them completing their development to the fertile adult stage. There was no direct connection between the titer and the height of the maximum respiratory increase after vaccination. (TCO)


Two Images of the State It has been a generation since decolonization abruptly transformed the world map. But we still do not have a very clear picture of the relationship between politics and social change in former colonies, let alone effective theories to explain why things are as they are. An odd duality, or even contradiction, has marked the social science literature. One portrait gleaned from scholarly works has set politics – especially the state – at center stage, kneading society into new forms and shapes, adapting it to the exigencies created by industrialization or other stimuli. This is the image of the strong state. A second perspective portrays the state as nearly hapless in the swirl of dizzying social changes that have overtaken these societies, changes largely independent of any impetus from the state itself. Some scholars view the dynamics of these changes within the country's borders while others see these uncontrollable forces coming from large powers and the world economy. In both instances, the image is of a weak state. The word "state" itself, ironically, at first did not figure prominently in either of these two images. In fact, it has become an almost commonplace criticism in recent years that the state was a neglected variable in theories of social and political change for most of the postwar era. That criticism, however, may be somewhat overstated. In third-world studies, at least, one could probably better say that the state was more assumed or taken for granted than neglected during the 1950s and 1960s.


This paper presents a new feature based image content authentication algorithm. First, it draws the smooth component and edge character from the image with the algorithm of dyadic wavelet transform multi scale edge detection, and makes them the image feature set that produces the digital signatures. That can ensure the one to one mapping relationship between the feature set and the image, and avoid the counterfeit attack. Then it quantizes the smooth component to create 128 bits digest, and embeds the edge character in the original image as a watermark. Image authentication needs to contrast with the digest and watermark character to confirm whether the content is tampered. The experiment proves that this authentication algorithm can effectively detect the event and the location when the original image content is tampered viciously, and can tolerate the damage produced by compression, filter and some other image processing. Even if the image is degraded by some noise, it can still pass through the authentication.