Objective:To determine the contents of residual volatile organic solvents: methanol, ethanol, cyclo-hexane, toluene, N, N - dimethylformamide in simvastatin. Methods: Sample was dissolved in dimethyl sulfox-ide, 1 μL the solution was injected on a DB -624 (6% cyanopropylphenyl -94% dimethyl polysiloxane) sillica capillary column, using nitrogen as the carrier gas, split ratio: 1: 60, the column inlet pressure; 30 kPa, make -up gas: 50 mL· min-1, range: 1, attenuation: 4. The intial temperature was kept at 115℃ for 8 min, then the temperature was raised to 180 ℃ at the rate of 30 ℃· min-1 , and subsequently sustained for 4 min. The injection port and detector temperatures were 200℃ and 240℃ respectively. Under the above conditions, methanol, ethanol, cyclohexane, toluene, N, N - dimethylformamide and internal standard n- propanol were separated completely. Results: The contents of five residual volatile organic solvents in three bathes of samples were complied with the specification requirements. Conclusion: After validation, the method was proved to be accurate, sensitive and reliable. It is suitable to be adopted in the analysis of the tested solvents.


Abstract The advent of Fermi is changing our understanding on the radio and γ-ray emission in active galactic nuclei. Unlike pre-Fermi ideas, BL Lac objects are found to be the most abundant emitters in the γ-ray band. However, since they are relatively weak radio sources, most of their parsec-scale structure and their multifrequency properties are poorly understood and/or have not been investigated in a systematic fashion. Here we are analyzing the radio and γ-ray emission properties of a sample of 42 BL Lacs selected with no constraint on their radio and γ-ray emission. Thanks to new Very Long Baseline Array observations at 8 and 15 GHz for the whole sample, we discuss their parsec-scale structure. Parsec-scale radio emission is observed in the majority of the sources at both frequencies. The comparison between our results in radio and gamma-ray bands points out the presence of a large number of faint BL Lacs showing "non-classical" properties such as low source compactness, low core dominance, no gamma-ray emission.


I will present the results of studies in our laboratory investigating the role of extracellular ligand‐receptor complex structure on the nature of signaling outputs in a range of systems. Most cell surface receptors are activated by some degree of ligand‐mediated clustering or oligomerization, but it is less clear to what degree the nature of the downstream signal induced by ligand can be 'tuned' or manipulated by natural or engineered ligands that engage the receptors with alternative geometries or binding parameters. Typically, ligands that elicit distinct pharmacologies through a single receptor have been observed GPCRs, but we have engineered ligands for T cell and cytokine receptors that exhibit partial agonism and inverse agonism. As one example, we have modulated cytokine receptor signaling by altering the orientation and proximity of a cytokine receptor dimer using diabodies and other synthetic designed scaffolds as surrogate ligands. We directly correlated the intact receptor dimer structures, determined crystallographically, with functional outcome and we find that indeed such systems are 'tunable' by remodeling dimer topology and distance. Thus, induced alterations in receptor dimer geometry can 'tune' signaling and extracellular ligands that enforce large receptor inter‐subunit distances can counteract intracellular oncogenic ligand‐independent receptor activation. The approach of modulating signaling output through receptors is important to overcoming the therapeutic limitations of cytokine pleiotropy. In my talk I will discuss recent results bearing on this topic.


Based on individual and focus group interviews with managers and employees in three Dutch organizations, this studies identifies how managers' and employees' daily discourses contribute to the determine how work-life policies are implemented and used. Analyses revealed differences in employees and managers' resistance to policy, the binds and dilemmas experienced, and coordinated agreements and actions to complete workloads. In following Kirby ad Krone (2002), we identify themes persistent across organizations and employee status.


Longitudinal and transverse corner crack defects were found on the slab surface for peritectic steel grade Q235G cast in Panzhihua Iron and Steel Group Company.To solve these problems, a profound investigation was conducted on the formation causes and characteristics of such defects.The main cause of transverse corner crack is high intensity of heat conduction of mold flux.According to study on crystallizing performance of flux, a new mold flux with low basicity (CaO/SiO 21.0) and high crystallization ratio has been promoted for the continuous casting of peritectic steels.The results from industrial application show that the developed mold flux encourages good utilizing effects which includes a low transverse corner crack ratio of 4.19 % and low longitudinal crack ratio of 3.42 % on slab, as well as a guaranteed lubrication for moving strand and the zero record of breakouts.


Quenching of Na2SO4 - CaSO4 melts down to room temperature results in different forms of metastable solid solutions dependent on the CaSO4 content. The transformation of these solid solutions into stable phases were investigated after various times and temperatures by X-ray powder diffraetion and thermal analyses. An equilibrium phase diagram is derived, which is in accordance with all experimental facts.


Objective Investigating quality of life and i t's influencing factor s of city inhabitants.Methods 492 city inhabitants were s ampled from Hangzhou ci ty,then their qualities of life including objective status and subjective well- being were tested by "Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74".Results (1)Generic qualit y of life of city inhabitants is well; (2) affects of mental health,physical hea l th and social function are over affect of matter life.(3)Age,education,physica l exercise and hobby are important influencing factors in qualitiy of life of ci ty inhabitants.Conclusion To improve quality of life of c ity inhabitants,mental health,social function and physical health should be stre ngthened.


Structures and electronic states of a molecular complex formed between fluorenone and sodium atom (denoted by FL–Na) have been investigated by means of ab initio density functional theory (DFT). The most stable structure of FL–Na has a Cs symmetry where the sodium atom is located on the Cs plane perpendicular to the molecular plane of FL where all atoms are located. The sodium atom binds to the carbonyl oxygen of FL and the angle of Na–O–C is calculated to be 157° at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d) level. The charge on the Na atom shows a positive value (∼+0.80), and unpaired electron is delocalized over the FL molecule, indicating that the FL–Na complex exists as an ion-pair state expressed by (CO)δ−(Na)δ+ at the ground state (δ∼+0.80). The proton hyperfine coupling constants and excitation energies calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d) and B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) levels are in good agreement with previous experiments. The electronic states at the ground and first excited states were discussed.


Iris location is an important part of iris recognition, and speed of location and robustness of the location algorithm are factors which we should pay especial attention to. A novel iris location algorithm was proposed based on the analysis of the structure characteristics of human eyes. A point in the pupil was gotten by gray summing operator. Three inner boundary points which were not on the same line were found by the boundary detection template to locate the iris inner circle rapidly, and four outer boundary points that were not on the same line were found by the boundary detection template to locate the outer iris circle. 756 iris images comprising an iris image database were located. Our algorithm only costs 1.59min, average time of location reaches 0.126sec and accuracy of location reaches 99.07%. This algorithm is much faster than any other classical methods such as Hough transform and the circle detection operator at speed. Furthermore, it ensures the accuracy of location and the robustness.


It is known that partially depleted (PD) SOI MOSFETs have floating body (FB) effects which degrade device performance. Previously, an argon (Ar) implant technique was proposed to form recombination centers and subsequently suppress FB effects (Ohno et al. 1998). Retrograde channel doping using indium (In) for NMOSFET (NFET) or antimony (Sb) for PMOSFET (PFET) has been widely used for bulk CMOS technologies to achieve reduced short channel effects (Skotnicki et al. 1996). In this work, we present device characteristics of conventional and Ar implanted PD SOI MOSFETs using B or retrograde In as n-channel doping and P or retrograde Sb as p-channel doping. The experiments are based on a CMOS technology which features shallow trench isolation, 0.15/spl plusmn/0.04 /spl mu/m poly gate, surface channel MOSFETs with 35 /spl Aring/ gate oxide, shallow extensions and halo implants, and Co salicidation on a 1500 /spl Aring/ SOI substrate.


Climate change has inevitably created impacts globally ranging from regulatory changes to affecting social communities. Among these impacts, climate migration becomes the unprecedented and significant one. Millions of migrants are environmentally displaced and the Southeast Asia region is noted as one critical hotspot of the movement. This issue presents challenges for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as there is a need to enlighten and signify the urgency of the problem, knowing that climate-induced migration is still under-discussed within the regional body's policy-making. Thus, this article aims to analyse why climate migration is under-discussed in ASEAN's environmental policies and how the ASEAN regional framework lacks preparation to overcome challenges coming from climate change primarily on the issue of climate migration. In doing so, qualitative research method and discourse analysis will be used with data collection obtained from publications, academic journals, articles, and official reports. This article found that environmental communication and climate politics are the main elements that construct the discourse of climate migration within the policy-making of ASEAN. Moreover, a reflection on the discourse of climate migration in other regions such as the Pacific will be delivered.


Health expenditure plays an important role in nation-building. Moreover, the current wave of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of health investments in maintaining a healthier economy across the world. Quite a significant number of empirical research undertaken on the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth produce mixed results. The study plans to study the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth and the role of institutions in causing health expenditure to promote growth. The study analyses this relationship using the case of seven selected MENA countries between 2000 and 2017. The Pedroni cointegration test reports a long-run cointegrating relationship between the variables. However, the Granger Causality test finds no casual relationships between health expenditure and economic growth. The study further applies panel OLS, FMOLS, and DOLS, and the result from all three models shows that health expenditure does not directly contribute to higher economic growth in the MENA countries. The study argues that this is possibly due to inadequate institutional quality. However, it is understandable that there must be indirect effects of health expenditure on economic growth through better human capital. Finally, the study discusses policy options to improve institutional quality indicators to tap the benefits and contribute positively to economic growth in the region.


This study represents the utilisation of spent coffee ground to remove Congo red dye from aqueous solution. Congo red dye may cause adverse effect towards human and aquatic organism if present in water. This study investigated three parameters, adsorbent dosage (0.5, 1.25 and 2 g), initial dye concentration (10, 30 and 50 mg/L) and contact time (10, 35 and 60 min). Batch adsorption studies were carried out to study the effect of these parameters towards percentage of Congo red removal. Optimisation study was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by employing Central Composite Design (CCD). Quadratic model was selected for the response. The highest percentage of Congo red removal obtained was 88.43% with operating conditions of 2 g adsorbent dosage, 50 mg/L initial dye concentration and 60 minutes contact time. Meanwhile, the percentage of CR removal that predicted by RSM was 89.17% with conditions of 1.87 g adsorbent dosage, 48.18 mg/L initial dye concentration and 57.96 minutes contact time with the desirability of 1. This study indicates that spent coffee ground could be employed as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Congo red dye.


OBJECTIVE To study the preparation and its influence factors of clarithromycin enteric microspheres by emulsifiers diffusion method.METHODS Using emulsifiers diffusion method and enteric coated polymer materials,the enteric coated microspheres of clarithromycin were prepared,and it was investigated that the impacts of microsphere morphology,particle size distribution,yield and in vitro release behavior of the prescription of factors,preparation factors and solvent system.RESULTS The prepared clarithromycin enteric microspheres had a high roundness,the particle size was decreased with the increase of stirring rate,yield was increased with the bridging agent reduction and good solvent increases,and was affectd by the types of emulsifier in the poor solvent.CONCLUSION The emulsifier diffusion method can be used to prepare a solid dispersion structure of enteric microspheres.


Gene therapy provides modern medicine with new perspectives and had great potential as a novel therapeutic modality. Progress in molecular biology, especially molecular medicine is now changing the basics of genetic disease. This technology takes advantage of our understanding of cancer at the molecular level. It has been exploited to develop new strategies for killing cells selectively or arresting their growth. This is new technique, being developed which offers incredible pledge for the upcoming therapeutic modality in oral cancer treatment. The aim of this paper is to review delivery routes, vector design, therapeutic applications and possible obstacles faced by gene therapist.


Women's underrepresentation and inequitable pay in organisations, in particular, leadership and management positions, has been well-researched. The focus of this research has been on the third-party perspective regarding women's violation of their prescriptive behavioural stereotype, and the subsequent backlash they experience. However, little research has actually focused on the factors that underpin women's fear of backlash and conformity to their prescriptive communal stereotype, which evidently, is perceived as the opposite to the assertive characteristics necessary for leadership positions. This thesis sought to investigate these underlying factors from both the first and third-person perspective through the use of two studies; one cross-sectional study, with a sample of current organisational employees, and one experimental lab study, with a sample of first-year psychology and business students. Specifically, this thesis aimed to explore whether for women and not men, possessing non-prototypical employee characteristics would drive a desire for inclusion, and whether this would result in women fulfilling their communal stereotype by acting with increased communion, less agency, and less assertiveness. Results indicated partial support for hypotheses. It was found that women report more communal behaviour than men, consistent with their prescriptive stereotype. It was also found that when backlash was not made salient, men reported more assertiveness than women, but when backlash was made salient, this difference was not evident. This implied that backlash may affect both genders, a finding not previously explored in the literature. These outcomes have theoretical and practical implications which may facilitate positive organisational change. Limitations for these studies were discussed as well as directions for future research.


Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) exacerbates both electrical and structural remodeling in obese atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, but the impacts of EAT on atrial arrhythmogenicity remain unclear in normal‐weight AF patients. Therefore, we sought to investigate this issue using electroanatomic mapping.


Three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic simulations of shell oxygen burning (Meakin & Arnett 2007b) exhibit bursty, recurrent fluctuations in turbulent kinetic energy. These are shown to be due to a general instability of the convective cell, requiring only a localized source of heating or cooling. Such fluctuations are shown to be suppressed in simulations of stellar evolution which use mixing-length theory (MLT). Quantitatively similar behavior occurs in the model of a convective roll (cell) of Lorenz (1963), which is known to have a strange attractor that gives rise to chaotic fluctuations in time. Study of simulations suggests that the Lorenz convective roll may approximate the behavior of a cell in the large scale convective flow. Other flow patterns are also of interest (Chandrasekhar 1961); here we examine some implications of this simplest case, which is not a unique solution, but may be representative. A direct derivation of the Lorenz equations from the general fluid-dynamic equations for stars is presented in the Appendix, strengthening the identification and providing connections to astrophysics. Using the Lorenz model as representative of a convective cell, a multiple-cell model of a convective layer gives luminosity fluctuations which are suggestive of irregular variables (red giants and supergiants (Schwarzschild 1975)). This "τ -mechanism" is a new source for stellar variability, and one closely related to intermittency in turbulence. Subject headings: stars: evolution hydrodynamics convection -turbulence -irregular variables -Betelgeuse


Loss of genetic diversity due to infertility or the premature death of valuable individuals is a significant problem in the conservation of rare and endangered felid species, as well as in the maintenance of lines of cats used to study inherited feline and human disease. Attempts to overcome loss of genetic diversity have focused on freezing sperm;; however, sperm cannot be collected from immature males. Previously, we reported completion of spermatogenesis in testis tissue from newborn pigs and goats grafted ectopically into host mice (Honaramooz A et al., 2002 Nature 418, 778–781). Xenografting of testis tissue not only serves as a powerful system for the study of spermatogenesis and testicular maturation, but it also provides a previously unavailable system to obtain sperm from immature animals. The objective of the present study was to extend the technique of testis tissue xenografting to the domestic cat as a model animal for felid species. Testes from 1- to 5-wk-old domestic short-haired kittens (n = 8) were cut into small fragments (about 1 × 3 mm each), and up to eight fragments were grafted under the back skin of each castrated immunodeficient host mouse (n = 12). Histological examination of the testis xenografts was performed between 14 and 36 weeks post-transplantation. From 8 of the 12 recipient mice, 93% of testis tissue grafts were recovered. No grafts were recovered from the remaining 4 mice. At the time of grafting, the seminiferous cords of the donor testis tissue contained only immature Sertoli cells and gonocytes. At 14 weeks after grafting, tubular expansion was evident, caused by the proliferation of Sertoli cells and tubular lumen formation. By 18 weeks after transplantation, the seminiferous epithelium contained spermatocytes, and by 20 weeks, round spermatids were the most advanced types of germ cells. By 36 weeks after transplantation, xenografts of cat testis tissue had completed spermatogenesis and mature sperm were present. In all recipient animals where xenografts were recovered, the weight of the seminal vesicles in the castrated host mice was restored to pre-castration values, indicating that xenografts were capable of releasing biologically active testosterone. These results demonstrate the potential of xenografting to achieve full spermatogenesis in testis tissue from kittens without the necessity of exogenous hormonal stimulation. It was shown previously that sperm recovered from testis xenografts can support fertilization and development (Shinohara T et al., 2002 Hum. Reprod. 17, 3039–3045; Schlatt S et al., 2003 Biol. Reprod. 68, 2331–2335). Therefore, sperm production in a mouse host can provide an alternative for germ line preservation from immature felids where sperm cryopreservation is not an option. Sperm recovered from xenografts can be used for assisted reproduction, thereby making it possible to produce offspring from immature males.


ABSTRATC: The application of watershed management plays an essential role in soil and water conservation, as well as in social issues, both scientifically and economically. In most countries, the evaluation of watershed management projects goes through specific objectives and is not new at all. The type of structure and its correct selection, as well as the mechanical and biological measures consistent with environmental conditions, play an important role in water and soil conservation. Lack of precision in the choice of structure and lack of consistency with the project location without paying attention to predicted specifications, structure composition, and biological measures, as well as a lack of care for the measures taken, not only do not lead to erosion prevention, but also cause damage. This study was an attempt to evaluate watershed management operations and the measures taken in Masooleh Roodkhan region using appropriate methods. There is no significant difference between the results from investigating technical and mechanical operations and comparing them with official measures (consistency between the anticipated operation volume and the actual comparative performance). Vegetation factors in terms of coverage, capacity and status have risen to 0.2% per animal unit (now) from 0 percent (before) Gabioni Dams: 76%, KhoshkeChin Dam: 90%, and Chapari Dam: 83%. The results and success rates of all the launched mechanical and biological structures are as follows: Gabioni Dams: 41.9%, Chapari Dam: 77.9%, KhoshkeChin Dam: 40%, plant cultivation: 50%, sowing seeds 87%, and seed cultivation: 85%. Therefore, regarding the objectives of the operation on the part of Guilan's Watershed Management Office and carried-out evaluations of mechanical and biological structures of the project, we can rate as positive sediment control of the basin, preventing sediment from entering the River Massoleh, as well as flood control and prevention in order to conserve soil and save possible damages to the villagers.


In the paper a pipeline algorithm for estimating the pitch of speech signal is proposed. The algorithm uses instantaneous complex frequencies estimated for four waveforms obtained by filtering the original speech signal through four bandpass complex Hilbert filters. The imaginary parts of ICFs from each channel give four candidates for pitch estimates. The decision regarding the final estimate is made based on the real parts of ICFs.


Physicochemical and biological compatibility of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 7824. Mention of a trademark of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the authors or by the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. 48 chlorpyrifos was tested with herbicides commonly used for weed control in citrus. Herbicides included in the study were: bromacil + diuron I, II, ametryn, oryzalin, simazine, norflura zon, glyphosate, and paraquat. Physicochemical compatibility was examined using the jar-test as an indicator for tank-mix. The jar-test indicated slight problems in obtaining a true sus pension of chlorpyrifos with ametryn, oryzalin, glyphosate, bromacil + diuron II DF, and simazine-s (Sim-Trol). There was no indication of incompatibility with other herbicides tested. Chlorpyrifos did not affect the efficacy of any herbicide except ametryn as indicated by degree of weed control. None of the herbicides affected the efficacy of chlorpyrifos as indicated by red imported fire ant [Solenopsis invicta Buven.) control. Chlorpyrifos is registered for the control of various in sect pests including the red imported fire ant (RIFA) in citrus. For RIFA control, chlorpyrifos is applied to the soil surface using boom sprayers similar to the soil-applied her bicide application equipment. If herbicides and chlor pyrifos can be tank-mixed, the cost of application can be reduced by 50%. However, sometimes mixing two or more pesticides results in an incompatibility problem. This in compatibility could be physicochemical in nature, i.e. a fail ure of the pesticides to mix properly in the tank, thereby causing an application problem. This may also result in the non-uniform application of the mixture because of the heterogeneous phase present in the tank. The mixture may also have different chemical properties than its com ponents if these are not chemically compatible and interact Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 99: 1986. with each other. The incompatibility may also alter the biological efficacy of the components in the mixture result ing in the reduced control of target pests. Herbicide-insecticide mixtures are commonly used in modern pest management situations. The interactions of these two categories of pesticides, both synergistic and an tagonistic have been reported by a number of researchers (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). These present studies were de signed to examine the physicochemical interaction of chlorpyrifos with preand postemergence citrus her bicides, and to study the effects of tank-mixes on the biological efficacy of chlorpyrifos and herbicides. Materials and Methods Three experiments were conducted in the laboratory or in the field. Experiment 1. Physicochemical changes—-jar-test. This ex periment was designed to study the physicochemical changes that might occur in the tank when chlorpyrifos is tank-mixed with herbicides. Changes in the amount of sedimentation and in pH were used as indicators of change in physical and chemical properties of the mixture, respec tively. Chlorpyrifos (20 ml) was mixed with water to make up a total volume of 100 ml. Separate suspensions (100 ml) of herbicides in water were prepared using 20 ml of liquid or 10 g of solid formulations of herbicides. The pH of chlorpyrifos and herbicide suspensions were measured separately. Both suspensions were mixed and pH of the mixture was again measured. Sedimentation of individual suspensions and mixtures was measured having centrifuged the systems at 5000 G for 10 min. Experiment 2. Effect of chlorpyrifos on the efficacy of her bicides. This experiment was designed to examine the effect of chlorpyrifos on the efficacy of herbicides. Each her bicide was applied with and without chlorpyrifos and the plots were visually rated for weed control in each case, and the observations were recorded as percent weed control as compared to untreated controls. The experiments were conducted using the row middles of a 5-yr-old citrus grove located in Polk County near the CREC-Lake Alfred. The treatments were applied to an 80 ft x 8 ft plot using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with a ground speed of 2.67 mph, an application pressure of 30 psi, and spray volume of 40 gal/acre. The experiment was laid out as a completely randomized design with three replications. Paired t-tests were used to compare the efficacy of her bicide alone and herbicide + chlorpyrifos treatments. Experiment 3. Effect of herbicides on the efficacy of chlor pyrifos. This experiment was designed to examine the effi cacy of chlorpyrifos as affected by the herbicides. RIFA were the target pests. Chlorpyrifos was applied alone and in combination with each herbicide, and each plot was rated for RIFA suppression. Treatment means were com pared for chlorpyrifos alone and chlorpyrifos + herbicide using Duncan's multiple range test. The experiment was conducted in a 5-yr-old grapefruit grove in St. Lucie County near the AREC-Fort Pierce. Treatments were applied to plots of 0.3 acres containing two rows of six trees. Eight double beds were used to create a randomized complete block design. Each treatment was replicated four times. The method of treatment application was the same as described previously under Experiment 2. The experi mental site was surveyed before treatment application. The Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 99: 1986. ants were monitored with pure soybean oil-soaked 3x5 inch index cards (3). The cards were prepared the after noon before use by putting 50 cards in a quart-size ZiplocTM polyethylene bag with 80 ml of soybean oil. Single cards were placed in shaded locations at the base of the trees within the plot, with distribution of cards being com pleted by 9:00 AM on each observation date. The cards remained in place for approximately 1 hr. The ants at tracted to the cards were counted, tallied, and the data was subjected to analysis of variance and the means were com pared using Duncan's multiple range test. Results and Discussion Experiment 1. Jar-test. Chlorpyrifos alone suspended in water did not produce any sedimentation (Table 1). Glyphosate and paraquat formulations also did not pro duce any sedimentation either alone or mixed with chlor pyrifos. The sedimentation was produced by all other her bicides tested. Most of the herbicides showed a change in sedimentation when they were mixed with chlorpyrifos. Sedimentation was reduced in the case of bromacil + diuron I, II 80W, norflurazon 80W, and ametryn when mixed with chlorpyrifos. Bromacil + diuron II 80 DF and simazine-p (Princep-Caliber 90) did not show any change in sedimentation while norflurazon 80 DF, simazine-p, and oryzalin produced greater amounts of sedimentation when mixed with chlorpyrifos. Visual examination indicated that Table 1. Effect of chlorpyrifos + herbicide mixtures on sedimentation and pH.


About the History of Philosophy in Philosophy of Jose Gaos' Philosophy
The philosopher José Gaos said that in universal history the thought of Spanish language has its place and its historic location is presented with the attitude assumed by Spain to modernity, which makes the thought of the Renaissance and the reform have resulted in the grandeur of colonial thought and has had a creative participation in the Counter. However the thought of decadence and independence was born of contact with modern Renaissance science and the philosophy of the Enlightenment, positivism, krausismo and philosophies that represent the latest reactions against modernity. José Gaos was a great exponent of the philosophical doctrines, so that the best way to present the leading ideas of the methods of work of the Seminar for the Study of Thinking Countries Spanish Language was used to cull the fundamental ideas by the thinkers of Latin America and their assumptions, which are always relevant references to their texts.


Prophetic indeed was Osler's address, before the New York Academy of Medicine in 1897, when he warned physicians against toying with the Delilah of the press, for "sooner or later she is sure to play the harlot, and has left many a man shorn of his strength." 1 In 1905 the harlot turned on Osler. Late in February he gave his valedictory address at Johns Hopkins University, a few weeks before he left America to begin his work as Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford. Osler's address, the source of his unfortunate notoriety, was "The Fixed Period." Considering the subsequent out-cry, it is interesting that Osler took the step, unusual for him, of reading his speech to a small gathering of friends, the day prior to its public delivery. None saw any offense in his words, and no objection was made. 2 His address is divided into two sections. In


Active learning is one form of supervised machine learning. In supervised learning, a set of labeled samples is passed to a learning algorithm for training a classifier. However,
labeling large amounts of training samples can be costly and error-prone. Active learning deals with the development of algorithms that interactively select a subset of
the available unlabeled samples for labeling, and aims at minimizing the labeling effort while maintaining classification performance.
The key challenge for the development of so-called active learning strategies is the balance between exploitation and exploration: On the one hand, the estimated decision
boundary needs to be refined in feature space regions where it has already been established, while, on the other hand, the feature space needs to be scanned carefully for unexpected class distributions. In this thesis, two approaches to active learning are presented that consider these two aspects in a novel way.
In order to lay the foundations for the first one, it is proposed to express the uncertainty in class prediction of a classifier at a test point in terms of a second-order distribution. The mean of this distribution corresponds to the common estimate of the posterior class probabilities and thus is related to the distance of the test point to the decision boundary, whereas the spread of the distribution indicates the degree of exploration in
the corresponding region of feature space. This allows for the evaluation of the utility of labeling a yet unlabeled point with respect to classifier improvement in a principled
way and leads to a completely novel approach to active learning. The proposed strategy is then implemented and evaluated based on kernel density classification.
The generic active learning strategy can be combined with any other classifier, but it performs best if the derived second-order distributions are sufficiently good approximations to the sampling distribution. Although second-order distributions for random forests are derived in this thesis, they do not approximate sufficiently well the sampling distribution and mainly allow only for the relative comparison of prediction uncertainty between test points. In order to combine the state of the art classification performance of random forests with the principal ideas of the first active learning approach, a related second approach for random forests is derived. It is, in addition, tailored to the demands in industrial optical inspection: bag-wise labeling with weak labels and strongly imbalanced classes. Moreover, an outlier detection scheme based on random forests is derived that is used by the proposed active learning algorithm.
Finally, a new computational scheme for Gaussian process classification is presented. It is compared to two standard methods in geostatistics, both with respect to theoretical consistency and practical performance. The method evolved as a by-product when considering using Gaussian process models for active learning.


In the recent literature, sensor localization has been considered as the most technical challenge of internet of thing and Wireless Sensor Networks. The main objective is to predict an accurate localization of sensor nodes. Recent approaches dealing with localization rely on meta-heuristics algorithms; hence, the localization procedure becomes an optimization issue in a multidimensional space. Bat algorithms are well suited for this kind of problems. It is also known in several recent papers that the Bat algorithm is well suited in space exploitation, but not as much in exploration. Throughout the paper, we propose an enhanced hybrid approach, namely "Enhanced Bat Algorithm with Doppler Effect or "EBADE". Bat parameters are tuned using a modified frequency equation. EBADE computes thus iterative the position of the nodes through optimizing node Euclidean distances. Experimental results come up with remarkable improvement in terms of localization error and CPU run-time.


Recent evidence links rosacea to systemic disease, but there are not enough methodologic studies addressing this association in Asians. Our aim was to identify rosacea comorbidities in Koreans and establish a reference database. A multi-center, case-control study was performed where a total of 12,936 rosacea patients and 12,936 age- and sex-matched control subjects were identified from 2007 to 2018. Logistic regression was performed to find significant association between rosacea and Sjögren syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.40–3.00), systemic sclerosis (OR 6.56; 95% CI, 1.50–28.7), rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.72; 95% CI, 1.50–1.98), ankylosing spondylitis (OR 2.32; 95% CI, 1.42–3.84), autoimmune thyroiditis (OR 1.96; 95% CI, 1.40–2.73), alopecia areata (OR 1.77; 95% CI, 1.27–2.45), vitiligo (OR 1.90; 95% CI, 1.30–2.77), lung cancer (OR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.06–2.21), hepatobiliary cancer (OR 1.38; 95% CI, 1.06–1.77), alcohol abuse (OR 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05–2.39), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.11; 95% 1.02–1.19), obesity (OR 1.72; 95% CI, 1.22–2.41), allergic rhinitis (OR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.54–1.76), allergic conjunctivitis (OR 1.57; 95% CI, 1.27–1.94), chronic rhinosinusitis (OR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14–1.42), herpes infection (OR 1.69; 95% CI, 1.53–1.86), and human papillomavirus infection (OR 2.50; 95% CI, 2.06–3.02). Higher odds for Sjogren syndrome, systemic sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, thyroiditis, vitiligo, hepatobiliary cancer, and obesity was exclusive in female subjects with rosacea, whereas increased prevalence of alopecia areata and alcohol abuse was confined to men. Only those who were 50 years and older exhibited higher odds for vitiligo, lung cancer, and gastroesophageal reflux disease while individuals younger than 50 were exclusively associated with hepatobiliary cancer, allergic conjunctivitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Our study suggests that Koreans with rosacea are more likely to experience systemic comorbidity. Clinicians should acknowledge these interrelations and employ comprehensive care with an individual-based approach.


p53 is the most highly mutated tumor suppressor gene in human cancers. Recently, p73, a first homologue of p53, was identified and considered to be an imprinted tumor suppressor gene. Thus, we analyzed the possible role of p73 in human prostate cancers.


Antenna characterization in presence of obstacles requires removing multipath efiects in order to retrieve the non-distorted antenna radiation pattern. In this contribution a new approach based on the Sources Reconstruction Method is proposed. The idea is to characterize the Antenna-Under-Test (AUT) and the region where the scatterers are located through a set of equivalent currents. Finally, the reconstructed equivalent currents on the contour enclosing the AUT can be used to recover the AUT radiation pattern, removing most of the distortion efiect due to the presence of the scatterers.


Elite sports performance fundamentally relies on a complex set of brain functions engaged once visual signals are relayed from the eye. In this review, we overview a series of these neural mechanisms-focusing specifically on the critical role of attention in sculpting the visual processing that takes place leading up to a decision. These brain functions are introduced within the theoretical concept of the 'Perception-Action Cycle.' Vision does not stop at the eye but requires a coordinated set of brain mechanisms called on to convert visual input into rapid decisions about action.


In order to promote isolated technique application in multi-story building and reduce the disaster of earthquake,the method of establishing and choosing the models of structure,designing the base-isolated layer and the actual meaning of dynamic character are discussed in conjunction with Code for seismic design of building(GB50011-2001).Then story shear models are adopted and the data is calculated and analyzed through MATLAB program,taking the real engineering as an example.Base-isolated structure will concentrate deformation onto the rubber bearing layer,and the acceleration and interlaminar shear of each floor will decrease.The result shows that the multi-story building that uses isolated structure can lower the earthquake reaction effectively,and ensure that it can be used normally in rare earthquakes.


SUMMARY

With the aim of designing signal processing tools that act locally in space upon specific features of a signal, we compare two algorithms to remove or isolate individual anomalies in potential field profiles. The first method, based on multiscale edge analysis, leaves other features in the signal relatively untouched. A second method, based on iterative lateral continuation and subtraction of anomalies, accounts for the influence of adjacent anomalies on one another. This allows a potential field profile to be transformed into a number of single anomaly signals. Each single anomaly can then be individually processed, which considerably simplifies applications such as inversion and signal processing.


The microarchitectural state held by predictors in modern processors can leak sensitive information. This is the first work to analyze the security of a special type of predictor, the value predictor, and demonstrate new security attacks. The new attacks bypass all the existing predictor defenses which have not yet considered value predictors as sources of vulnerabilities. This work further shows there are many value predictor attack variants, as derived using our new attack model. This paper highlights the importance of security analysis of processor features before they are realized in silicon, so the security is understood at the design time.


This paper introduces a new design method of designing the signal generator based on DDS in view of the specific requirements of excitation signal source for a certain type of magnetic material test equipment.On the basis of Altera Corporation's FPGA device,the design elements,hardware of the signal source as well as its realization in Quartus are given.The result shows that the signal generator can generate the required excitation signals preferably and meet the technical specifications of the design.


on proposed changes in the Belgian educational system. Both advocates and opponents of modernisation used arguments which were often self-contradictory. The true mechanisms which inspired policy change were difficult to apprehend. Given analogous developments taking place abroad, questioning took on a comparative dimension, and research was conducted via a comparative and historical study. By examining management policies in a historical context, it was thought possible to discover the motivations that had led to the acceptance of policies by each central government in the surrounding larger countries of England and Wales, France and Germany.


A compact microstrip triple-mode resonator is proposed for an asymmetric response filter application. The proposed triple-mode resonator supports three transmission poles and one transmission zero. Each resonance condition and transmission zero generated is analyzed using an equivalent circuit. The bandpass filter is designed for a 2.4 GHz WLAN. Experimental measurements are also presented to validate the theory.


Abstract In Canada, 2015 will be remembered for the publication of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report which related to all Canadians the impacts of the Indian residential school system. The Commission invokes the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and uses the term reconciliation as a national strategy for moving forward. This paper employs an autoethnographic methodology and proposes that reconciliation might benefit by finding ways of confronting the Other within; I describe my reflections on a trip to the 2015 conference Learning at Intercultural Intersections at Thompson Rivers University. My social and cultural experiences as a Korean Canadian academic and administrator are challenged in order to consciously shift my own colonising mindset. Reconciliation in Canada will require significant personal, professional, institutional and sociocultural inquiry. What does it mean to discover the Other within? How do we walk with Indigenous peoples? How do educators come to be called ally by Indigenous peoples?


Abstract Traditional beginning design studios take students outside the world of their experience by teaching representation strategies that rely on abstraction. In this article, I present an example of a first-year studio that sought to integrate hand techniques with digital image manipulation to extend and reinforce the lessons of spatially based conceptual design exercises. This pedagogical model encourages students to develop a digital sensibility at the inception of their design process.


A novel and efficient method was developed for the synthesis of diarylpyrazole derivatives as cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist via four step reactions. The key step was the synthesis of a diarylpyrazole skeleton, which involved initial condensation of the sodium salt of compound 12 with diazonium compounds, and further cyclization by heating at reflux in acetic acid. Eight diarylpyrazole derivatives and nine new synthesized compounds were cha- racterized by 1 H NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis. The reaction conditions were mild and the overall yields of the target compounds ranged from 26% to 44%. Keywords Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist; Diarylpyrazole derivative; SR141716 Article ID 1005-9040(2011)-01-066-04


ABSTRACT GC and GC/MS studies of essential oil of Litsea zeylanica revealed the presence of over 60 compounds, of which 44 were identified. The major constituents were linalool (54.91%) and β-caryophyllene (17.42%).


In gas carburizing, the source of carbon is a carbon-rich furnace atmosphere produced either from gaseous hydrocarbons or from vaporized hydrocarbon liquids. To predict the amount of carbon available to the steel surface, theoretical steps with anticipated process variable inputs can be applied, and diffusion can be simulated. Inputs are typically captured during a real-time run. After the real-time run, results can be compared with simulation data. In this paper, the following items will be covered with respect to simulated and real-time carbon diffusion: Principles of atmosphere carburizing, including sensor and control technology; Analysis of input variables; The effects of atmosphere, temperature, and time on results; Differences in analysis using three-gas measurement and measurement using oxygen probes; and Examples of real-time and simulated carburization data.


Self-destructive impact fuse (1) for a projectile with an escapement assembly (5) for detonating explosive charge coupled thereto, said escapement assembly (5) further comprises at least one rotor assembly (22) and a detonator (26 ) has to align the detonator (26) (with a point detonation PD) firing pin (36) WO, wherein said self destructing impact fuse (1) is characterized by: a frame (30) having a longitudinal axis; a self destructing (SD) -Zundstiftsubanordnung (38), which is arranged concentrically within the frame (30) to bring the detonator (26) for detonating reliably, after the PD firing pin (36) has failed the detonator ( to detonate 26), wherein the SD Zundstiftsubanordnung (38) a SD head (44) at one end for receiving a SD spring (54), a SD firing pin (52) at the opposite end for striking the detonator (26) and a Subzentrifugalkammer (48) for holding a plurality of balls (50) in said chamber (48), wherein the ...


The purpose of the paper is to summarize theoretical studies in the field of contractual relations implementation in the modern strategies of TNCs economic competition on international product and resource markets, as well as to assess the impact of certain contractual relations types on the macroeconomic dynamics of countries integrated into the global value chains of TNCs. Methodology. Based on the World Bank Open Data and UNCTADSTAT, there was made the assessment of indirect socio-economic and innovative effects of contract production on the macroeconomic indicators of the individual countries development by means of the correlationregression method. Results. The influence of institutional, political, and economic restrictions that restrain the investment activity of international corporations on the international markets of finished and intermediate products is disclosed. A trend that complicates the forms and methods of external expansion in terms of more flexible latent forms, in particular, through contractual relations (subordinate production, licensing, franchising, contract management) is identified. The role of international contractual relations in measuring nonlinear formats of the externalization of TNC business is revealed. Exogenous (related to the institutional environment of the host-countries) and endogenous factors (the sphere of activity, corporate strategy, formed competencies and competitive advantages of the companies) that allow TNCs to obtain competitive advantages from the use of contractual relations in multi-level network structures with coordination mechanisms and management regimes are determined. Practical implications consist in the improvement of a theoretical and methodical approach to assessing international contractual relationships from the positions of microeconomic analysis (means TNC's management strategies) and taking into account macroeconomic effects (means their influence on the macroeconomic development of the contracting and implementing parties is proposed). Value/originality. The article points on problems of expanding the practice of international contractual relations: optimization of taxation, predatory exploitation of human, technological and natural resources of host countries by TNCs, "freezing" of national subcontractors on the stages with low value added, distortion of export capabilities of host countries by products export imitation created by means of the foreign suppliers' give-and-take raw materials and, as a result, the distortion of the balance of payments.


Electricity is a major cause of lost-time accidents and fatalities in the mining industry; however, most of the means of electrical injury prevention are now within the technical and practical grasp of the mining industry and should not require increased government intervention. A recent study by the US Bureau of Mines comprises a preliminary analysis of electrical accidents and an assessment of prevention methods. The article summarizes the findings of this study and of other information collected by the Mine Safety and Health Administration. 4 references.


So far parasitological studies were concentrated on large primates such as apes and monkeys. This is probably due to epidemiological interest because apes, which are genetically closer to humans, are known to be a reservoir of certain pests and diseases fatal to humans and vice versa. Prosimian gastrointestinal parasites are less studied. The goal of this project was to assess and describe the gastro-intestinal parasites of the lemur species Microcebus murinus from the littoral forest fragments of Mandena, southeastern Madagascar. In addition I wanted to evaluate the utility of determining gastro-intestinal parasite loads based on fecal samples. From April 2003 to October 2005, a total of 427 fecal samples from 169 different individuals of M. murinus from five forest fragments were analyzed to assess the parasite species richness of this lemur species based on parasite larvae and egg morphology. Three individuals of M. murinus were also sacrified in order to look for adult worms for identification and confirmation of parasite species, and to localize their gastro-intestinal parasites in the digestive tract. Screening all fecal samples by using the modified technique of the McMaster flotation, I noted that Microcebus murinus harbored nine different forms of intestinal parasites, and six of them were nematodes: a member of the Ascarididae family, one species of the Subuluridae family represented by the genus Subulura , an unidentified Strongylida, a species of the genus Trichuris (Trichuridae), two forms of the Oxyuridae family, one from the genus Lemuricola and the other still unidentified. For the Plathelminthes, two cestodes of the genus Hymenolepis (Hymenolepididae) were found and one species of Protozoa, belonging to the Coccidia order. These gastrointestinal parasites of M. murinus from Mandena have not been described as parasites of M. murinus yet. The cestode infection of this lemur deserves special attention because no study has reported lemurs infected by cestodes up to now. Adult worms of the Trichuris species were found in the caecum. I localized Lemuricola worms in the caecum and large intestine. Subulura worms were more abundant in the caecum than in the small and large intestine. A large number of Subulura larvae has been observed in the caecum. As exemplified by the data on Subulura sp. worms in the digestive tract of M. murinus , the number of nematode parasite eggs and larvae found in the feces are correlated with the intensity of infection in the digestive tract. RESUME Ce travail avait pour but de decrire les parasites gastro-intestinaux du lemurien Microcebus murinus de la foret littorale fragmentee de Mandena et d'evaluer l'analyse des parasites basee sur des echantillons de feces. Des matieres fecales au nombre de 427 provenant de 169 individus de M. murinus vivant dans cinq fragments de foret ont ete analysees. Trois individus de M. murinus ont ete sacrifies et autopsies en vue d'une identification des vers parasite qui ont pondu chaque type d'oeuf trouve dans les excrements et afin de voir leurs localisations dans le tube digestif de l'animal. Microcebus murinus heberge neuf especes de parasites gastro-intestinaux dont six nematodes avec une espece non-identifiee d'Ascarididae, une espece de Subuluridae du genre Subulura , une espece de l'ordre des Strongylida et du genre Trichuris (Trichuridae), deux especes d'Oxyuridae dont l'une est du genre Lemuricola et l'autre reste encore non-identifiee, deux cestodes appartenant au genre Hymenolepis (Hymenolepididae) et un protozoaire de l'ordre des Coccidia. Compares a toutes les etudes deja faites auparavant sur les parasites gastro-intestinaux de M. murinus, les parasites heberges par les microcebes de Mandena appartiennent a d'autres especes que celles qui etaient deja connues pour infester cette espece de lemurien. De cette etude, je suggere que le nombre d'oeufs et de larves de Subulura sp. trouves dans les matieres fecales pourrait refleter l'intensite de l'infestation des microcebes par cette espece de parasite.


Clay rocks are multiphase porous media having a complex structure and behaviour characterised by heterogeneity, damage and viscosity, existing on a wide range of scales. The mesoscopic scale of mineral inclusions embedded in a clay matrix has an important role in the mechanisms of deformation under mechanical loading by cracking and creeping. This study introduces a micromechanical approach to model the time‐dependent mechanical behaviour of clay rocks. A heterogeneous clay rock is represented at the mesoscopic scale as a composite material consisting of rigid elastic mineral inclusions (quartz, calcite and pyrite) embedded in a clay matrix. To describe the damageable rock behaviour and its failure modes at the small scale, interfaces between different mineral phases and within the clay matrix are considered. Viscous effects are incorporated inside the clay aggregates, with intergranular microfractures propagating in the clay matrix, in order to investigate their contribution to the creep behaviour of clay rock at the macroscale. The mesostructure of the clay rock is represented in digital 2D Representative Elementary Areas (REAs). The overall mesoscale behaviour of the clay rock under mechanical solicitation is numerically obtained from the REA by computational homogenisation within a two‐scale finite element squared framework. Then, the model is validated at mesoscale against experimental data. The variability of the material response and the time evolution of the mineral interfacial damage state are investigated in relation to the small‐scale properties and failure, while considering mesostructure variability. The results can give some valuable insights into creep behaviour of the clay rock from a small‐scale perspective.


Composite indices have been widely used to rank the environmental performance of nations. Such environmental indices can be useful in communicating complex information as a single value and have the potential to generate political and media awareness of environmental issues. However, indices that are poorly constructed can hinder efforts to identify environmental failings. Here, we provide a critical review of the theoretical and methodological foundations of environmental indices to enhance our understanding of the accuracy and applicability of such indices. In the present study we classify existing indices according to ranking goal, measurement components, and weighting methods. Using New Zealand and Niger as case studies, we examine correlations between ranks in ten national level indices to outline how measurement components and the goal of ranking itself may provide a more, or less, optimistic view of the state of a country's environment. Our results suggest that environmental indices that include human health, socioeconomic, and policy indicators (such as human access to sanitation and clean drinking water) are positively correlated with each other, and that those excluding human health, socioeconomic, and policy indicators are also positively correlated with each other, while these two types of environmental indices are negatively correlated to each other. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of indicators that do not relate to the actual state of natural environments can confound results. When choosing an existing environmental index – or developing a new one – it is important to assess whether the ranking goal and the included indicators are appropriate. This is important because the inclusion of confounding indicators in environmental indices may misrepresent the actual state of natural environments.


Oxochromimum(V) centers initiate DNA cleavage through a chromium(V)-phosphate diester intermediate by hydrogen abstraction from the C1′ position of the ribose sugar, leading to the formation of 5-methylene-2-furanone, 3′-phosphate terminus and DNA bases; by contrast a plasmid DNA (pUC19)is only nicked.


A matched filter technique is applied to the Planck all-sky Compton y-parameter map to measure the thermal Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect produced by galaxy groups of different halo masses selected from large redshift surveys in the low-z universe. Reliable halo mass estimates are available for all of the groups, which allows us to bin groups of similar halo masses to investigate how the tSZ effect depends on halo mass over a large mass range. Filters are simultaneously matched for all groups to minimize projection effects. We find that the integrated y-parameter and the hot gas content it implies are consistent with the predictions of the universal pressure profile model only for massive groups above , but much lower than the model prediction for low-mass groups. The halo mass dependence found is in good agreement with the predictions of a set of simulations that include strong active galactic nucleus feedback, but simulations including only supernova feedback significantly overpredict the hot gas contents in galaxy groups. Our results suggest that hot gas in galaxy groups is either effectively ejected or in phases much below the virial temperatures of the host halos.


This paper probes into the selection and debugging of self-circulation devices of library,and connecting with the application of these self-circulation devices in the library of Hunan Agricultural University,expounds the advantages of the self-circulation device and the existing problems and solutions.


The composition, structure, and spatial distribution of zoobenthos in streams of the Bukhtarma River basin are described and quantitative indicators of benthos in the lower course of the Bukhtarma River are given. The predominance of insects from the orders of mayflies, caddisflies, and freckles is characteristic of the water-courses in the Bukhtarma River basin and is associated with the presence of stony soils in the rivers, rapid flow, moderate-cold-water temperature regime, and high oxygen content in the water – factors that are most favorable for these groups of invertebrates. To assess the ecological state of surface waters in the streams under study by bioindication methods, TBI, BMWP, ASPT, and ERT biotic indices are used. The taxonomic composition of each of the studied watercourses and river sections is formed in accordance with specific environmental conditions associated with natural and anthropogenic factors. It is established that watercourses in the reference areas can be used as reference ones in accordance with the requirements of the EU Framework Water Directive, and the characteristics of invariant States of biocenoses of the lower course of the Bukhtarma River in the impact zone are also given using the criteria of the V. A. Abakumov system of ecological modulations.


There has been an increasing interest in using unlabeled data in semi-supervised learning for various classification problems. Previous work shows that unlabeled data can improve or degrade the classification performance depending on whether the model assumption matches the ground-truth data distribution, and also on the complexity of the classifier compared with the size of the labeled training set. In this paper, we provide a new analysis on the value of unlabeled data by considering different distributions of the labeled and unlabeled data and showing the migrating effect for semi-supervised learning. Extensive experiments have been performed in the context of image retrieval applications. Our approach evaluates the value of unlabeled data from a new aspect and is aimed to provide a guideline on how unlabeled data should be used


People in all nations of the world are able to locate different occupations on a hierarchy of prestige. Donald Treiman (1977) identified 85 studies that had been conducted since World War II in 60 countries of the world in which people living in those countries were asked to rate the relative prestige of people engaged in different occupations. For example, two studies have been conducted in Great Britain. Moser and Hall (1954) obtained 1,399 questionnaires from people in adult education and other organizations who were asked to rate the social standing of occupations on a five-point scale. Butcher and Pont (1968) randomly sampled 300 Scottish secondary school students who rated the prestige of occopations on a five-point scale. The various prestige scores for each occupation in the different studies were converted to a standardized score ranging from 0 to 100. Treiman was interested in comparing the relative rankings of different occupations in the various countries (and, in particular, the high degree of similarity between the prestige scores obtained from different countries). However, Treiman does include in his book detailed tables of the basic data that he utilized. Thus, it is possible to locate the prestige scores for a specificoccupation in all of the studies that Treiman located. First, Treiman computed a world wide prestige score for each of 288 occupational groups, of which police and detectives were one group. In Table I, the prestige scores of police and detectives is noted along with the prestige of selected other occupational groups. In Table 2, I have collected together the prestige ratings for policemen for various regions of the world, and it can be seen that policemen are accorded most prestige in North America and Western Europe and least prestige in Eastern Europe. Treiman explored whether the prestige of policemen was related to certain characteristics of the countries. He found that policemen were accorded more prestige in nations with a free press, a higher proportion of the population enrolled in post-primary schools and in nations with a higher gross national product per capita. There was a tendency for the prestige accorded policemen to be lower in nations with a higher proportion of the labour force engaged in agriculture. The effectiveness of a police force in a country depends to some extent upon being able to attract competent individuals, so that they choose law enforcement as a career. Nations in which the


At IPEC 2020, Bergougnoux, Bonnet, Brettell, and Kwon showed that a number of problems related to the classic Feedback Vertex Set (FVS) problem do not admit a $2^{o(k \log k)} \cdot n^{\mathcal{O}(1)}$-time algorithm on graphs of treewidth at most $k$, assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis. This contrasts with the $3^{k} \cdot k^{\mathcal{O}(1)} \cdot n$-time algorithm for FVS using the Cut&Count technique. During their live talk at IPEC 2020, Bergougnoux et al.~posed a number of open questions, which we answer in this work. - Subset Even Cycle Transversal, Subset Odd Cycle Transversal, Subset Feedback Vertex Set can be solved in time $2^{\mathcal{O}(k \log k)} \cdot n$ in graphs of treewidth at most $k$. This matches a lower bound for Even Cycle Transversal of Bergougnoux et al.~and improves the polynomial factor in some of their upper bounds. - Subset Feedback Vertex Set and Node Multiway Cut can be solved in time $2^{\mathcal{O}(k \log k)} \cdot n$, if the input graph is given as a clique-width expression of size $n$ and width $k$. - Odd Cycle Transversal can be solved in time $4^k \cdot k^{\mathcal{O}(1)} \cdot n$ if the input graph is given as a clique-width expression of size $n$ and width $k$. Furthermore, the existence of a constant $\varepsilon>0$ and an algorithm performing this task in time $(4-\varepsilon)^k \cdot n^{\mathcal{O}(1)}$ would contradict the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis.


An original three-phase neural approach for phase and symmetrical components estimation is proposed in this paper. This neural structure can be used for power quality control, in an active power filtering scheme for example. The approach is composed of a neural symmetrical voltage components extraction and a neural phase detection technique. These functional tasks are decomposed and approximated by the learning of Adaline neural networks. The whole neural architecture is implemented on a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and is applied to a three-phase power system. The presented analysis substantiates the immunity of the proposed approach under distorted utility conditions. Experimental results, under various utility conditions, demonstrate its phase tracking and voltage components extraction abilities. Its performance and robustness are also compared to a conventional Phase-Lock Loop (PLL) on a three-phase power supply with varying parameters and distorted by harmonics and random noise.


Rights and obligations connected with intellectual property and liability will influence the commercial exploitation of outer space by private entities. Whilst international space law facilitates private enterprise participation in space endeavour, additional action has been taken, on national as well as multi-national level, to provide the business community with the necessary incentives to play their role in the commercialization of space activities. The situation and legal developments described in this article mark the very beginning of a movement towards the consolidation and diversification of commercial space exploitation.


A digitally programmable attenuator for high speed and a large dynamic range is constructed with a phase-controlled attenuator for small steps of attenuation and an attenuator of switched resistive pads for larger steps. The attenuators are connected in tandem and actuated combinatorially with the phase-controlled attenuator being switched into operation for the small steps, and the resistive pads being switched into operation for the large steps. A phase-controlled attenuator is constructed to permit adjustment of the attenuator characteristic, and a switched-pad attenuator is constructed to be phase shiftless.


A teacher explores what is important in school librarianship and reflects on responses to the complex changes and the demands of education in 2008. Libraries can and do reflect the contribution and personality of individual teacher librarians and that the wealth of their life experiences allows them to touch the ground and create libraries that engage with the school communities and combine some of the old with some of the new.


According to a field survey and analysis of plot data, the characteristics of plant community of Pinus taiwanensis -Pseudotaxus chienii - Rhododendron simiarum from Sanqing Mountain in Jingxi province, China, were studied. The results showed that, (1) viewing from the composes, perform and color, and structure of community, it is protected well, a typical conifer- and broad-leaved mixed forest in the middle subtropics. The geographical elements are characterized by the tropical genera (52.60%) and temperate genera (46.08%). Based on the Impotance Value, the community composes is characterized by the typical families, such as Ericaceae (24.38%), Pinaceae (22.93%), Theaceae (19.45%) and Fagaceae (10.27%), and so on, which the main dominant species are such as Rhododendron simiarum (64.53%), Pinus taiwanensis (56.11%), Pseudotaxus chienii (29.36%), Schima superba (19.68%), Eurya macartneyi (15.99%), Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia (15.82%), Cleyera pachyphylla (15.79%), and so on. (2) The Simpson index is 1.00, and the Shannon-Wiener index is 3.66. But the frequency grades is ABCDE, which is different from Ranuki- aer's law of frequency. (3) The community composes is with many dominant species, and they are belonged to declining populations. And the extent of decline, in turn, is Pinus taiwanensisRhododendron simiarumSchima superbaPseudotaxus chienii Eurya macartneyi Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia Cleyera pachyphylla. (4) The analysis of the life forum show that the phanero- phytes are preponderant (70.31%), and the chamaephytes are abundant (25.32%). But it also has some hemicryptophytes (2.13%) and cryptophytes (2.13%). (5) In community construction, the tree layer can be divided into two layers obviously, which the first layer was characterized by Pinus taiwanensis, Schima superba, Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia, and Pinus taiwanensis has the predomi- nance when the layer is over 10 m, and second layer was Rhododendron simiarum, Pseudotaxus chienii, Eurya macartneyi, and Cleyera pachyphylla. Meanwhile, the Rhododendron simiarum has the predominance in the lower layer, which their cover rate 0.6~0.98, and is going to be against renewal of the seedlings of Pinus taiwanensis and Pseudotaxus chienii. (6) As a whole, this community is a typical evergreen broad-leaved forest in middle-subtropic zone, which it has higher bio-diversity and evenness, and all the dominant species are belonged to declining populations, but it is belonged to a steady community.


An alternative algorithm is proposed far a variable-structure control to design a closed-loop fuel-injection system. Sliding control using fuzzy logic is combined with current oxygen sensors to maintain the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. Predictive control is also introduced to compensate for the lime delay in the combustion process. This synthesis provides a practical and flexible design for an engine controller because its hybrid structure meets given robustness and performance requirements. The potential of the proposed algorithm is shown through real-time simulations utilizing both a typical engine-only model on an AD-100 computer and an implemented controller on an Intel 80C186 with an 80C187 processor.


The traditional Wushu, which came down in one continuous line, accepts fewer disturbance from external Physical Education. Heaven and man being in tune, man practices it in person, no zenith of it, conserving combines with training are the guiding ideology of traditional Wushu training. That efficacy exercise, attack and defense exercise, skill of suit for circumstances are the exercise content. That experience combine with practice, mentality combines with physical, step by step, continuous practice are the training method. That defense oneself attack opponent, improve one's health, cultivate one's moral character are the purpose of exercise. Compared with modern Physical Education, traditional Wushu training has it's system, but it's details and crux still limit at experience and feelings. The whole training system needed to be improved.


The coherent one-phonon scattering cross section measured in time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffractometry is derived for any ratio between the sampleto-detector flight path and the total flight path. For the particular case of scattering by acoustic phonons © 1994 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain all rights reserved in monocrystals, the differential cross section is described in terms of the scattering surface in fourdimensional space (Qe,w), where hQe is the momentum transfer for elastic scattering and hw is the energy transfer. This cross section is required in calculating the thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) correction for TOF neutron diffractometry. Acta Crystallographica Section A ISSN 0108-7673 ©1994 58 T H E R M A L D I F F U S E SCATTERING IN TOF N E U T R O N D I F F R A C T O M E T R Y


Background: Increased blood pressure (BP) variability has been associated with worse outcomes in acute stroke. Magnesium has been shown to have both vasoactive and cardio-active properties that cou...


As adults we often take our use of language, communication and our lexicon of words for granted, but these all have to be learnt, along with their associated meanings, as Paula Hammond explains.


Objective Acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis(AOSC) due to choledocholithiasis in an emergency siuation that requires urgent biliary decompression.The aim of the study is to present our policy for the treatment of AOSC due to choledocholithiasis by the varied type therapeutic endoscopic retrogreade cholangio pancreatography (VTYERCP) Methods 15 patients presenting AOSC due to choledocholithiasis underwent VTTERCP to detecting the effect and com- plication.Results (1) 2 patients had AOSC underwent ERCP,endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST),biliary tract rinsing and endoscopic nosal biliary drainage(ENBD);(2)3 patients underwent ERCP,EST,expulsion of the stone and biliary tract rinsing;(3) 2 patients underwent ERCP,EST,expalsion of the stone,biliary tract rinsing and ENBD.(4) 2 patients acce pted ERCP,EST partly expulsion of stone,biliary tract rinsing and ENBD;(5) 2 patients underwent ERCP,EST,lithotrip- sy,expulsion of the stone and biliary tract rinsing;(6)2 patients underwent ERCP,EST,lithotripsy expulsion of the stone, biliary tract rinsing and ENBD;(7) 2 patients underwent ERCP,EST,partly expulsion of the stone,stent insertion and bili- ary tract rinsing by stent.The succeed rate of procedure was 100%,the rate of curation was 100%,the rate of safety was 100%,one patient transferred to loeal hospital for surgical operation for expulsion of the stone after AOSC completely care in group.There was on complication,no death in all of the group.Conclusion VTTERCP is a proper method for rescuing AOSC.It was effective and safe.


Abstract— This paper describes the architecture for a color picture tube (CPT), which enables a cost‐effective expansion of the color gamut. Besides a gamut expansion based on application of more‐saturated phosphors in the present three‐primary system, four‐ and five‐primary systems are described. Gun‐pitch modulation allows the application of a conventional electron gun for both a four‐ and five‐primary CRT. In these systems, the mask and matrix transmissions need to be reduced to maintain color purity. From this point of view, a five‐primary CRT is unrealistic. Two four‐primary CRTs are evaluated in more detail. But, here, the total anode current to generate white has to be increased substantially because of the reduced mask and matrix transmissions. Nonetheless, in this paper it is argued that with one of the four‐primary CRTs more‐saturated yellow colors can be displayed at 85% of the display luminance of a conventional system without loss of perceived sharpness.


EEG and fMRI are extremely popular tools to study patterns of functional brain activity. Their utility can be further enhanced when used together in simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings. However, such recordings are ridden with artifacts due to the gradients switching within an MRI machine. These artifacts need to be filtered before the data can be further processed. Numerous tools exist for filtering such data. However, if one needed to use the data for real-time feedback (such as neurofeedback), the current methods would be too slow. This paper discusses parallel versions of the current methods and a novel FFT based method that reduces the computation time of current methods by a factor of 3 and 23 respectively. This facilitates the use of an EEG-fMRI dataset in real-time neurofeedback studies.


Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials Vol. 3, No. 2, June 2001, p. 351 -360OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBERSMADE OF ARSENIC CHALCOGENIDESI. V. Scripachev, M. F.Churbanov, V. V. Gerasimenko, G. E. Snopatin, V. S. Shiryaev,A. A. Pushkin, I. E. Fadin, V. G. Plotnichenkoa, Yu. N. PyrkovaInstitute of Chemistry of High Purity Substances, Russ. Acad. Sci., 49, Tropinin St., NizhnyNovgorod, 603950, GSP-75, RussiaaFiber Optics Research Center at the General Physics Institute, Russ. Acad. Sci., 38,Vavilov St., Moscow, 117756, V-333, RussiaOptical and mechanical characteristics of optical fibers made of high-purity chalcogenideglasses of As-S, As-S-Se, As-Se and Ge-As-Se systems, intended for operation in the middleIR, are given. The fibers from As-S glass will be useful for transmission of IR-radiation in the1-7 microns spectral region, the fibers on the basis of As-Se and Ge-As-Se glass systems -inthe 2-12 microns region. The multimode fibers from arsenic-sulfide and arsenic-selenideglasses have the minimum optical losses equal to 23 + 8 dB/km and 79 +10 dB/km at 2.4 and4.5 microns, respectively. The average bending strength of As-S glass fibers (with diameter of350-400 microns) is from 1.0 up to 1.2 GPa, and from 0.4 up to 0.8 GPa for the fibers made ofAs-Se and Ge-As-Se glasses. The single-mode fibers from As-S glasses have the minimumoptical losses from 200 up to 400 dB/km in the 1.3 -3 microns wavelength region. The choiceof the glasses compositions for the fiber core and reflecting cladding which provides the givennumerical aperture and the mode parameters in the required spectral region is discussed. Thefeatures of modal distribution of radiation along the arsenic-sulfide fiber length were explored.(Received June 6, 2001; accepted June 1 I, 2001)Keywords: IR Fibers, Low optical loss, Chalcogenide glasses, Bending strengthI. IntroductionFor various practical applications the fibers based on high purity arsenic-sulfide and arsenic-selenide glasses distinguished in structure, waveguide characteristics, in a level of optical losses inthe required spectral range, in mechanical strength, aperture and other parameters are required. Theseare multimode fibers with a reflecting cladding from relevant chalcogenide glass, fibers with areflecting polymeric cladding, fibers without a reflecting cladding, and also single-mode fibers.The number of checked parameters for the fibers reaches ten. It is a diameter of a core of afiber, ratio of diameters of a core and reflecting cladding, concentricity of an arrangement of a coreand cladding, concentricity of a secondary coat, the numerical aperture, mechanical strength, theminimum permissible radius of bending, continuous length of a fiber, level of optical losses in therequired spectral range etc. At development of installations for the fiber drawing from high puritychalcogenide the main problem was the possibility to control all the fiber parameters.The fibers from high purity sulfide- and arsenic-selenide glasses were made by drawing fromordinary and double crucible.A primary coating from fluoroplastic F-42 was applied on a fiber during drawing. A fiber waspassed through an applicator with a solution of F-42 in methyl-ethyl kethone and further through apipe heater, where the solvent was evaporated.A secondary protective coating was applied by drawing the fiber with a primary coatingthrough an applicator with PVC plastizole with the subsequent thermal solidification in the furnace.This process carried out as an additional independent stage after the drawing of a fiber.The total mass of a glass loaded into double crucibles was from 400 up to 800 grams, thatallowed to draw from 500 up to 1000 m of optical fibre with its diameter from 500 up to 300 microns.


With the deepening of curriculum reform in Colleges and universities, the importance of curriculum education is becoming more and more prominent. "Speech and Eloquence" course is a practical course to cultivate talents with strong expression skills and qualities needed by contemporary society. Taking the ideological and political exploration of the course of "Speech and Eloquence" as an example, this paper integrates the ideological and political elements into each teaching unit, so as to provide a useful reference for the related majors to carry out the ideological and political reform of the course.


This article is devoted to studying of the interrelation between psychological safety and professional competence of pedagogical institutions students. The author points out the didactic unit elements of psychological disciplines which mastering forms the notions of the factors and ways of preventing or overcoming their effects. The article enlarges upon the certain sectional branches of psychological science (social and educational ones) by means of which the differentiation of "risk" factors of psychological safety deprivation of the students is achieved, it also illustrates the mechanism of mastering-in these factors in the study of the course of "Psychology". This work is performed by means of active application of humanitarian, psychological and educational technologies, interactive educational methods (i.e., social-and-psychological training, brainstorming, project method, group discussion method, case method) in HEIs (Higher Eduction Institutions). The author reveals the importance of determination the psychological "risk" factors of psychological safety deprivation regarding the formation of professional competence of a pedagogical college student. Objective: To determine the "risk" factors of psychological safety deprivation of a Pedagogical college student in the process of formation of professional competence. Methods of the work performance: analysis of psychological and educational literature on the subject of the present study, a comparative analysis of learning didactic unit elements and identifying the "risk" factors of psychological safety deprivation. The work methodology: scientific research works of I.A. Bayeva, N.M. Borytko, and Y.V. Vardanyan. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-8-42


An experimental study of the inelastic deformation of bulk metallic glass Zr_41.2Ti_13.8Cu_12.5Ni_10Be_22.5 under multiaxial compression using a confining sleeve technique is presented. In contrast to the catastrophic shear failure (brittle) in uniaxial compression, the metallic glass exhibited large inelastic deformation of more than 10% under confinement, demonstrating the nature of ductile deformation under constrained conditions in spite of the long-range disordered characteristic of the material. It was found that the metallic glass followed a pressure ( p ) dependent Tresca criterion τ = τ_0 + β p , and the coefficient of the pressure dependence β was 0.17. Multiple parallel shear bands oriented at 45° to the loading direction were observed on the surfaces of the deformed specimens and were responsible for the overall inelastic deformation.


The invention discloses a preparation device for a non-woven high polymer material optilene mesh. The preparation device comprises a storage hopper (1), a screw extruder (2), a melt-blow net (5), a melt-blow nozzle (7), a winding roller (8), a spinning case body (3) and a spinneret pump (4). Meanwhile, the invention further discloses a method for preparing the non-woven high polymer material optilene mesh by utilizing the preparation device of the claim 1, the method comprises the eight steps of fusant preparation, filtration, metering, extrusion, drafting and cooling, net forming, mesh winding and cropping. By means of the technology, the defect that when a woven high polymer material mesh is implanted, shrinking, pains and infection happen can be overcome, and meanwhile good biological compatibility of materials can be maintained.


Objective To analyze the relationship between the CTL response of NY-ESO-1 in gastric and esophageal cancer and survival rate in Chinese in order to provide data to develop a vaccine against the NY-ESO-1 positive cancer.Methods One hundred and twelve gastric cancer specimens and seventy-six esophageal cancer specimens were analyzed for the expression of NY-ESO-1 mRNA by RT-PCR.Pentamer staining were performed to analyze the frequency of NY-ESO-1157-165 specific CTL in NY-ESO-1/HLA-A2 positive patients.The correlation of CTL response and survival rate were analyzed.Results About 13.4% of the gastric cancer and 36.8% of the esophageal cancer were NY-ESO-1 positive.There were 23 patients with NY-ESO-1/HLA-A2 double positive.Frequency of Pentamer staining analysis and survival rate of these NY-ESO-1/HLA-A2 double positive patients indicated that high survival rate correlate with strong cellular immune response.Conclusion NY-ESO-1 expression is found in some of gastric and esophageal cancer,and NY-ESO-1157-165 peptide can be regarded as a candidate for vaccination due to their expression and CTL response.


Hazardous industrial wastes negatively impact the environment by creating issues for aquatic as well as human's life. This study investigates the treatment of hazardous industrial wastewater using cost‐effective graphite adsorbent along with electrochemical regeneration integrated with renewable solar energy. The synthetic industrial effluent containing crystal violet dye was treated using an adsorbent (Nyex™ 1000) having a surface area of 1.0 m2 g−1. The efficiency of removing solute was found to be more than 90%. The adsorbent regeneration efficiency was achieved at 99.5% by passing a charge of 100 C g−1 at current density of 10 mA cm−2 for 1 h. Solar energy was integrated with electrochemical reactor for the regeneration of adsorbent to make the system cost‐effective and self‐sustainable.


This paper has drawn the new development of GPS—Reference station network through the introduction to the important status of GPS in people′s life.And it also introduces the historical evolution of Reference station network,the principle and classification of Reference station network,the application prospect of the network in various fields one by one.At last it introduces the development of Reference station network in our country.


Indoor airborne dust concentration is one of the most adverse factors for human health. Especially, inhalable fine particles under 2.5micrometres in diameter (PM2.5) easily permeate into human body causing serious respiratory diseases. The problem is that the air pollutions are hard to be detected with human sense organs alone. Therefore, the development of an effective method to figure out the indoor air quality should be combined with other political approach. Moreover, measuring wide range of indoor environment continuously became affordable because of diverse sensors become downsized and low-priced. In this regards, as the way to collect and intuitively visualize the indoor dust concentration data, this paper proposes an integrated approach to the visualization of indoor dust concentration on the building floor plans. The entire system consists of four major stages: 1) Dust concentration measurement, 2) Data processing, 3) Layer generation and 4) Data mapping. The sensor toolkit was implemented with Arduino Uno Board and Optical dust sensor (GP2Y1010AU0F), which is able to measure fine particles over 0.8um at maximum. In short, this paper proposes a way to visualize of indoor dust density.


A computer code was developed to evaluate the space radiation environment encountered by geocentric satellites. The Short Orbital Flux Integration Program (SOFIP) is a compact routine of modular compositions, designed mostly with structured programming techniques in order to provide core and time economy and ease of use. The program in its simplest form produces for a given input trajectory a composite integral orbital spectrum of either protons or electrons. Additional features are available separately or in combination with the inclusion of the corresponding (optional) modules. The code is described in detail, and the function and usage of the various modules are explained. A program listing and sample outputs are attached.


Variable magnetic-field Hall measurements were used to investigate the transport properties of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in annealed and unannealed MM-HEMT' s on GaAs substrates at the temperature of 1. 5 to 90 K. The densities and mobilities of the carriers in channel of unannealed and annealed samples were simultaneously determined using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis and a hybrid approach consisting of mobility spectrum (MS) analysis followed by a multi-carrier fitting (MCF) procedure. Good agreement in the determination of electron density was found between the hybrid approach and SdH measurements. In addition, it was found that high annealing temperature has an influence on the densities and mobilities of carriers in channel. The results obtained in this study are very important for further improvement of device performance.


With the progressive aging of the population, monitoring the state of frailty of a person becomes increasingly important to prevent risk factors, which can lead to loss of autonomy and to hospitalization. Hygiene care, in particular, represents a wake-up call to detect a decline in physical and mental well-being. With the assistance of both environmental and localized sensors, measurements of hygiene-related activities can be made quickly and consistently over time. We here propose to remotely monitor these activities using a fixed camera and deep learning algorithms. In particular, three activities are considered, i.e., washing face, brushing teeth and arranging hair, together with the non-action class. Considering a dataset consisting of 11 healthy subjects of different age and sex, we show that using a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network the selected activities can be distinguished with an accuracy of more than 92%, thus proving the validity of the proposed approach.


The accurate prediction of transit travel times has a range of applications to benefit operators and passengers. Transit travel time is affected by several factors such as traffic flow and passenger demand, which have to be considered to make accurate predictions. However, previous studies have not considered real world traffic flow variables in their prediction models. This paper develops artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict bus travel time on the basis of a range of input variables including traffic flow data collected from a bus route in Melbourne, Australia. To overcome the drawback of ANNs in determining the effect of each input variable on the independent variable, the paper adopts a regression analysis to determine the important input variables for prediction. The paper examines the value that traffic flow data would make to the prediction accuracy. To this end, two alternative models are developed and the results are compared with those obtained from the traffic flow data–based models. A historical data–based ANN in which temporal variables are substituted with the traffic flow variable and a timetable-based model that traditionally utilizes scheduled travel times are developed. Although the use of scheduled travel times results in the poorest prediction performance, incorporating traffic flow data yields minor improvements in prediction accuracy compared with when temporal variables are used.


If oil or a mixture of oil and water is discharged from a British ship registered in the United Kingdom into a prohibited sea area, s.l(l) of the Oil in Navigable Waters Act, 1955, as amended in 1963, provides that "the owner or master" shall be guilty of an offence. In the instant case (1974, 59 Cr. App. Rep. 131), the owner and the master of a ship which had discharged a mixture in a prohibited sea area pleaded guilty to an offence under s.l(l) of the Act of 1955, as amended, and each was fined. In the Court of Appeal, these convictions were upheld, on the ground that the word 'or' in the sub-section is to be construed conjunctively: see (1973,1 W.L.R. 1373). In the House of Lords, although Lord Reid and Lord Morris would have allowed the appeal, the majority has supported this conclusion. The appellants' argument had been that the word 'or' in its ordinary meaning is disjunctive and should not be construed as meaning 'and' unless the particular context so requires. On this argument, prosecution can be brought against only one of the two possible. offenders the owner or the master and it is only if the one proceeded against is not convicted that the other can be prosecuted. Lord Reid accepted this contention on the basis of the general proposition that 'or' can never mean 'and' (p. 134) and that it would be quite improper to substitute 'and' for 'or' in the sub-section. He pointed out, moreover, that, if 'and' were substituted for 'or', it would then look as if the 'owner and master' were guilty of a joint offence (for which no one contended). There is nothing unintelligible or absurd or even unreasonable in thinking that Parliament had intended that one offence, and one only, was committed by the performance of the one act. Nor was there anything absurd in leaving to those entitled to prosecute the choice as to who is to be prosecuted. With this conclusion, Lord Morris agreed, although he confessed that the problem is of


High density of states in energy bandgap causes low carrier mobility and poor reliability in devices with poly-Si channel. Trap state densities of poly-Si devices in grain boundary and at dielectric interface were evaluated using Meyer-Neldel rule and charge pumping method. It was found that H2 high pressure anneal was very effective in passivating both trap states in grain boundary and at dielectric interface. The passivation of traps leads to significant improvement of performance and device reliability.


A kind of hydraulic oil purifier was designed for hydraulic system of hydraulic machinery.The purifier was consisted by the pretreatment oil circuit and the centrifugal separator.Water,air and solid particles in hydraulic oil can be effectively removed with this purifier step by step.Most of the pollutants in the hydraulic oil can be removed.Therefore it is ensured that the hydraulic machinery works well.


Courses: Research Methods, Qualitative Research Methods, Ethnography Objectives: The aims of this class exercise are: To define an autoethnographic approach to communication research. To understand autoethnography as both a research process and product. To emphasize the varied forms of autoethnographic research and writing. To demonstrate the flexibility of autoethnography. To draft an autoethnographic vignette that incorporates the self and theory/concepts. To illuminate the value of autoethnography research.


Robotics technology has widely applied and developed in the rehabilitation field. Assistive Social Robot is a technology that can interact with users and improve progress in rehabilitation. Accessibility when taking an object using a robotic arm system is needed. A camera is the optical sensor that has been applied to detect the position of the object. In this paper explain a design of control system of robotic arm by using a camera. Information of the distance and position are used to organizing the control of the robotic arm movement, that form of a gripper. Tests conducted include: testing to detect the contour of the object, testing the measurement of object distance, and testing the robot arm control. From the results shows the speed of performance of control system that has been designed in performing the task to pick up an object from the initial position to the end takes 28.05 seconds.


Objective To explore the influence of stress inoculation training(SIT) on patients with liver cancer followed intervening therapy with different anxiety levels.Methods A total of 35 cases with moderate or high anxiety level in our hospital were enrolled into this study and divided into two groups randomly.Patients of tested group received SIT,patients of control group received general health education.Changes of anxiety level of the patients before and after intervening therapy were analyzed.Results The anxiety level of the tested group after intervening therapy was significantly lower than before(P0 001),and also significantly lower than that of the control group(P0.001).Conclusion SIT can decrease the anxiety level of the patients with liver cancer followed intervening therapy.


The use of percutaneous balloon angioplasty for peripheral vascular disease has increased rapidly over the past two decades. The American Heart