Let 7Y be a separable, infinite dimensional, complex Hilbert spaces and let £(7Y) denote the algebra of all bounded linear operators on A dual algebra is a subalgebra of £(H) that contains the identity operator 1" and is closed in the ultraweak operator topology on £("). For T E £(7Y), let At denote the smallest subalgebra of £(7Y) that cointains T and % and is closed in the ultraweak operator topology. Moreover, let Q^at denote the quotient sparely(J7/)/X_4T-, where Ci(7Y) is the trace class ideal in £(7Y) under the trace norm, and denotes the preannihilator of At in Ci (直).For a brief notation, we shall denote Qat by QtOne knows that At is the dual space of Qt and that the duality is given by


In China,minor groups mainly live in distant regions,especially the boundary regions,where economy is poor.The construction and development of the regions is related to ntional unity as well as the stability of boundary regions.We should pay great attention to the work of the Communist Youth League in the regions and strengthen it with great efforts by correctly finding the distandvantages and cultivating administrators,which is significant to strengthening national unity,transferring national cultures,and developing talents among minor groups.


A method for re-collecting low grade deuterium oxide vapor having improved purity is provided to re-collect the deuterium oxide vapor having improved purity by collecting the low grade deuterium oxide vapor when a density of the deuterium oxide vapor is reduced in an outlet of an absorption tower. A method for re-collecting low grade deuterium oxide vapor having improved purity includes the steps of: absorbing the low grade deuterium oxide vapor to an absorbent of an absorption tower; performing elution to a movable phase by heating the absorbent of the previous step and detaching the deuterium oxide vapor from the absorbent; and classifying a moisture density of the eluted deuterium oxide vapor by the purity and collecting the deuterium oxide vapor when the moisture density of the eluted deuterium oxide vapor at the previous step is reduced from a saturated state.


This paper combines two brand-new analytical frameworks to compare European rail networks. Taking into account the entire scope of individual institutions involved in running a rail network, the paper goes beyond existing research, which is primarily limited to cost structures and economic models. Furthermore, the paper examines various structures of "bound governance", where public bodies, regulators, operators and manufacturers work and interact according to largely undisputed rules. The preliminary findings presented in this paper suggest that railway networks are run more successfully if a system of bound governance prevails, because little energy is lost in disputes over rules and in hierarchical, behind-the-scenes, power-based governance. Drawing its conclusions on that basis, this paper introduces a new model of governance structures, in a departure from the entrenched positions in the debate on the separation between infrastructure operations and train operations. The paper argues that the main concerns of railway reform involve not the separation of infrastructure operators and train operators but the separation of strategic authorities and the operating companies. Five case examples from the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, France, Sweden and Switzerland have been selected to reflect a large but still comparable variety of optional systems of governance. In its preliminary conclusion, this paper finds that the UK's massive legislative and administrative efforts are an example of successful bound governance, as is Switzerland's well established separation of government strategy and rail operations. The paper is highly critical toward the current German rail privatization plan (now on hold), which includes no clear separation of responsibilities between the government and the Deutsche Bahn.


Background Genital infections burden and frequency of detrimental, non-Lactobacillus dominated vaginal microbiota (VMB) are high in sub-Saharan Africa. In countries such as Tanzania these challenges overlap with, and possibly contribute to, maternal complications. Objectives This study reported on prevalence of common, and often curable, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, and on VMB composition among pregnant and post-delivery women in Pemba Island, Tanzania. Methods Vaginal swabs were collected at two timepoints during pregnancy and once after delivery by Pemba Biobank. Molecular assays were used to detect HPV, CT, NG, TV, and MG in samples from 438 individual women. IS-pro kit was used to characterize the VMB in a subset of women (n=90) based on 16S-23S rDNA interspacer region length. VMB were defined based on dominant species. Shannon diversity index, for number (richness) and relative abundance of species, was calculated and Mann-Whitney test used for analysis. Results In samples from 20.5% of the women, at least one pathogen was detected. Infection with HPV was the most prevalent (10.3%), followed by TV (7.1%), CT (4.6%), MG (2.1%), and NG (0%). The most common VMB were Lactobacillus-dominant during pregnancy (77% at first, and 81% at second timepoint), and non-Lactobacillus-dominant (73.9%) postdelivery. The Shannon diversity was lower during pregnancy than postdelivery (p=0.03). A decrease in VMB richness (p=0.02) was observed during pregnancy. Klebsiella species and Streptococcus anginosus were the most common microorganisms with pathogenic potential (pathobionts) at all timepoints. A high abundance of pathobionts was seen in women with non-Lactobacillus-dominant VMB. At second timepoint during pregnancy, 67% of the women carrying a genital pathogen had Lactobacillus iners-dominant VMB. Conclusion This study contributes knowledge on VMB composition and its changes during pregnancy and post-delivery, as well as simultaneous presence of pathobionts and genital pathogens.


In order to understand the regulation of exogenous IAA on drought and salt stress of the seedlings,spring wheat(cv.Xihan NO.2) was treated with iso-osmotic drought stress(20 % PEG6000),salt stress(200 mmol/L NaCl) and sprayed with auxin(10-5 mol·L-1) under drought and salt stress,respectively.And then the growth rate,relative water content of organization,root-shoot ratio,protective enzymes and malondialdehyde(MDA) content of wheat seedlings were investigated.The results showed that exogenous auxin significantly enhanced the growth rate of the seedlings and the relative moisture content of leaves under drought and salt stress,the chemical also reduced the root-shoot ratio of the seedlings,activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) and the content of MDA.It is suggested that exogenous IAA can alleviate drought and salt stress and effectively enhance the ability of salt-tolerance and drought resistance of the seedlings of spring wheat.


Itissometimes difficult todetermine thenumberofsporesofmicroorganisms because they stick together verytightly. Thisproblem was dealt withinstudies oftheascomycete Byssochlamys fulva, theheat-resistant sporesofwhich areresponsible forconsiderable losses inthefruit juice industry (1,2).Theaggregation ofspores makesthemunsuitable forcounting cell numbers andthussurvival curvesdetermined byconventional plate-count methods areinaccurate. An attempt hastherefore beenmadetofind a simple method forthesolution ofthis problem. Toavoid contamination, allprocesses havebeencarried outinan inoculation chamber. Thestrain ofB. fulva usedinourinvestigation was supplied by theNorthernRegional ResearchLaboratory, Peoria, Ill.,withthedesignation A-3849. Forascospores, thestrain was cultivated on Sabouraud Agar(pH5.6) for4daysat37C and then washeldfor14daysat20to25C;asci began togrowafter 6to8days. TheasciofB.fulva were partly embeddedinthemycelium. Theeight sporeswereclosely packed together, surrounded onlybya thinmembrane.Theentire mycelium wasscraped offtheculture mediumwitha sterile spatula andputintoa sterile flask. Afterthe addition ofapproximately 20glass beads(3mm indiameter) andof2to5mlof0.14 M phosphate buffer (pH7.0), theflasks were sealed witha rubber stopper andanaluminumcapandshaken for3minon a Whirl-mixer (Scientific Industry, International Inc., Ltd., UnitedKingdom). This processbroketheasci awayfromthemycelium. Theasci werethenseparated fromthemycelium ina sterile suction device (Fig. 1).Sintered-glass plates were choseninstead of sintered-glass beakers because they areeasier toclean andany combination ofporesizes ispossible. Afterthe separation ofthemycelium (sinteied-glass plates Go,G1,Schott, andGen), theasci were centrifuged andconcentrated intheflasks. Afterwithdrawal oftheexcessliquid, theasci wereshaken once more on theWhirl-mixer foran extended period of8to10min, during whichtheasci were brokenup andtheascosporeswere released. Keeping thewhole processassterile aspossible, thesolution was sucked through another combination ofsintered-glass plates (G2,Gs)into sterile flasks, whereby asolution ofwell-separated sporeswasobtained.


The objective of writing this paper is to find weaknesses in a sales information system and company income cash; and also to try to suggest a new system design so it could increase the information quality and help reducing existed problems. The method used is data collecting, analysis, and designing method by using data flow diagram, structured diagram, flow chart, and entity relationship diagram. The expected result is the better information quality and easiness in searching transactions. Therefore it could be concluded that by increasing information quality, the decision making quality could also be increased. Besides, system could ease management in searching sales and cash income information.


A renewed interest in hyperthermia as a potential method of cancer therapy has stimulated biological studies on the thermal effect. We have studied the response of animal tumours and normal tissues to elevated temperature. In a series of experiments, animals which had received hyperthermia to their feet were observed until their spontaneous death in order to investigate possible hyperthermic late effects including carcinogenesis. The animals were C3Hf/Sed mice derived from our defined flora colony. They were kept in our animal facility where the defined flora conditions were maintained. The tumour was a 4th generation isotransplant of a methylcholanthrene- induced fibrosarcoma (FSa-I) which was moderately immunogenic (Suit et al., 1976). Tumours were treated at an average diameter of 6 mm. Hyperthermia was given by immersing the feet in a water bath where 43.5 ± 0.1°C was maintained by a Haake Model E-52 constant temperature circulator (West Germany). Each mouse was held in an individual holder without an...


The present paper deals with the potential application of fully polarimetric data in identification of various land cover types based on polarimetric indices, namely, backscattering coefficients and their ratios of various polarizations (linear, circular, linear 45°), entropy, weighted polarimetric sum, correlation coefficient, normalized difference polarization index, and ratio vegetation index. In order to make decision boundaries for separating land cover classes two statistical measures, namely, median and standard deviation were critically analyzed for each polarimetric parameter. In order to select the appropriate value of all polarimetric indices for each class, a relationship was obtained between that particular polarimetric index, and their median and standard deviation along with some integer, the value of which was chosen to optimize the proposed method. The proposed method was successfully applied on ALOS PALSAR data for which satisfactory results were obtained.


In this review of the chemistry, biochemistry and chemical pathology of the bile pigments I am well aware that I shall ask many more questions
than I am able to answer. It seems appropriate that the subject should be considered under the five headings: -Chemistry; Formation from Haem
Proteins; Transport in the Blood; Conjugation and Transport to the Bile; and Changes in the Gut. I shall conclude with a brief account of the early
labelled bilirubin. Because investigation of the pathological significance of the chemical changes undergone in the body is possible only if the chemical structures of the bile pigments are accurately known, my department in London has been very much concerned during the last 15 years with the chemistry of the bile pigments. The work I shall describe has been carried out in collaboration with Dr. NICHOLSON, Dr. KULCZYCKA, Dr. COLE, Dr. PETRYKA and more recently by Mr. STOLL and Miss LEMMON.


Abstract 816 We hypothesized that imatinib plus sequential chemotherapy would result in significant leukemia cell cytoreduction (molecular remission) in patients with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), allowing collection of normal hematopoietic stem cells uncontaminated by residual BCR/ABL+ lymphoblasts and thus reduce the likelihood of relapse after autologous (auto) stem cell transplant (SCT) for patients 120 days had CMR; 2 additional patients achieved MMR, and 1 patient had residual MRD >0.001 (less than MMR); however, the sample size was too small to analyze the effect of MRD on outcome. After a median follow up time of 5.1 years, 9 (47%) of 19 auto-SCT patients and 7 of 15 (47%) of the allo-SCT patients remain alive in continuous CR. Ten of the transplanted patients have relapsed (8 following auto-SCT and 2 following allo-SCT); relapses occurred at a median of 5.9 months following auto-SCT. The DFS (median, 5.5 vs 4.1 years; P=0.84) and OS (median, 6.0 years vs. not reached at >6 years; P=0.90) were similar between those who underwent auto- or allo-SCT (Panels C and D). We conclude that patients who have MRD at levels lower than or equal to MMR following auto-SCT have prolonged survival and that auto-SCT represents a safe and effective alternative to allo-SCT for Ph+ ALL patients without sibling donors. The intergroup trial CALGB 10701 (Alliance) is now testing this strategy in Ph+ ALL patients >50 year old, using dasatinib as the BCR/ABL inhibitor. Disclosures: Wetzler: BMS: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Dasatinib is off label but in a clinical trial. 615A Oral Session 1 (3 abstracts) Acute promyelocytic leukemia 622A Oral Session 1 (3 abstracts) Autologous and Allogeneic Transplantatin CLL - Biology and Pathophysiology, excluding Therapy: Cell Signaling Leukemias - Biology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Markers in Diagnosis and Prognosis: Chronic Lymphoid and Myeloid Leukemias 111. Hemoglobinopathies, excluding Thalassemia IV


Male adolescents in a job training program for culturally disadvantaged youngsters were provided with 14 weeks of on-the-job situational group counseling (SGC) to supplement more conventional casework approaches. Interdisciplinary teams of group leaders met with work-training crews for discussions designed to facilitate exploration of issues relevant to the present life situations of the trainees. Trainees who met twice weekly showed greater improvement in job performance and in overall adjustment than did those meeting once per week, while control subjects who did not receive counseling showed less gain than either of the counseled groups.


3 /hm 2 , while the soil particle loss reached 393, 392 and 442 kg/hm 2 , respectively, in the period from June 2009 to May 2010, under the treatments of control (CK), site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) and farmers' fertilizer practice (FFP). The runoff and soil particle losses were highly correlated with the precipitation during the period. The largest phosphorus losses happened in August, when it had the largest rainfall of that year. The total phosphorus (TP) concentration of the 95% of the observed runoff samples exceeded 0.10 mg/l. The average bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) concentration of the runoff was 0.23 mg/l and the various phosphorus forms lost was strongly inter-correlated. Compared with FFP, the SSNM treatment reduced total P (TP) by 5%, total dissolved phosphorus (DP) loss by 15% and total bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) loss by 8%.


Let $R$ be a commutative noetherian ring, let $\frak a$ and $\frak b$ be two ideals of $R$; and let $\Ss$ be a Serre subcategory of $R$-modules. We give a necessary and sufficient condition by which $\Ss$ satisfies $C_{\frak a}$ and $C_{\frak b}$ conditions. As an conclusion we show that over a artinian local ring, every Serre subcategory satisfies $C_{\frak a}$ condition. We also show that $\Ss_{\frak a}$ is closed under extension of modules. If $\Ss$ is a torsion subcategory, we prove that $S$ satisfies $C_{\frak a}$ condition. We prove that $C_{\frak a}$ condition can be transferred via rings homomorphism. As some applications, we give several results concerning with Serre subcategories in local cohomology theory.


A surface acoustic wave tapped delay line with complex SAW/MESFET tap weighting was fabricated on GaAs. A processing bandwith of 30 MHz was achieved for an input signal centered at 300 MHz. This paper compares the approaches to complex tap weighting that were considered and presents data collected from experimental devices having eight complex taps. Factors affecting the design of a fully monolithic device are discussed, along with design considerations appropriate for achieving processing bandwidths of 60 MHz for devices with sixteen complex taps. Adaptive signal processing applications are described.


The General Audit Committee was established in an environment in which the state operates to produce goods and services in the economy due to the lack of sufficient capital accumulation and lack of entrepreneurial class in the country. With the establishment of the delegation, it is aimed to control public enterprises using public capital in accordance with modern management principles, profitability and efficiency principles, apart from the existing classical audit approach. In the following historical process, the General Audit Committee, whose name was changed to the Supreme Audit Board, played an active role in the transition to the Uniform Accounting System, in 1986, the Uniform Accounting Coordination Continuous Specialization Commission was established within the body of the Supreme Audit Board. It is assigned to solve the problems in the implementation of the uniform accounting system, to make the necessary changes within the scope of the legislation and to ensure the implementation of the system as a whole. In this study, the process of transition to uniform accounting system and the role of the Supreme Audit Board in this process are evaluated.


A front passenger passive restraint system has been developed which provides frontal impact protection under small car, high speed crash conditions. The system consists of an extended crushable dashpanel, a knee bar and a relatively small volume air bag. Computer simulations, static tests and sled tests have been used to develop this system for the range of occupant sizes from 6 yr child to 95th percentile adult for crash speeds to 50 mph. This paper reviews these efforts and presents observations regarding not only the performance of the system but those concerned with production feasibility and consumer acceptance as well. For the covering abstract see IRRD 810752. (Author/TRRL)


Drillships and semi-submersible platforms (SSPs) are used for oil and gas offshore exploration and production activities in seas deeper than 300 meters. These SSPs must be maintained in a predefined position at a predetermined location to complete their offshore tasks. They must have a way to generate forces and angular momentum to balance out external factors (wind, currents, and waves). Actually, the offshore support vessel (OSV) is assisted by dynamic positioning systems (DPSs) in all of its operations, including transit, survival, and station maintenance, and there are significant differences in propulsion systems. In this paper, we suggested a path planning robust adaptive fuzzy-free fault-tolerant control (RAFFFTC) for SSPs with actuator constraints to improve the robust performance and quality of the control system. Accordingly, the adaptive fuzzy controller with adaptive law has been created to change the membership function of the fuzzy controller, and the Lyapunov theory for system stability analysis has been used to illustrate the $H_{\infty} $ performance of robust tracking, reduced errors in the path planning control of the SSP in the cases of thrusters and disturbance-free fault-tolerant. Finally, a simulation experiment with two scenarios compared its performance to the other controller, with results verifying the proposed controller's effectiveness and demonstrating that it achieved the control quality required in the SSP control process.


Protected areas are designed to maintain environmental conditions that favor the occurrence of a wide variety of taxa. However, few studies have devoted attention to inventories of biota in these areas. In this study, we provide a checklist of cladocerans for the poorly studied Sempre Vivas National Park, Minas Gerais state. Samples were collected in lotic and lentic environments, with a total of 27 species being recorded and the highest contribution coming from the Chydoridae family (21 spp.). Minas Gerais state is widely studied in relation to cladoceran fauna; nevertheless, the results indicate three new records. The genus Monospilus was reported for the first time in the Neotropical region.


Recent advancement in unsupervised and transfer learning methods of deep learning networks has seen a complete paradigm shift in machine learning. Inspired by the recent evolution of deep learning (DL) networks that demonstrates a proven pathway of addressing challenging dilemmas in various problem domains, we propose a novel DL framework for expression-robust feature acquisition. The framework exploits the contributions of different colour components in different local face regions by recovering the neutral expression from various expressions. Furthermore, the framework rigorously de-noises a face with dynamic expressions in a progressive way thus it is termed as stacked face de-noising auto-encoders (SFDAE). The high-level expression-robust representations that are learnt via this framework will not only yield better reconstruction of neutral expression faces but also boost the performance of the subsequent LDA[1] classifier. The experimental results reveal the superiority of the proposed method to the existing works in terms of its generalization ability and the high recognition accuracy.


It is often asserted that when a doctor joins the Services he exchanges his stethoscope and clinical acumen for a sword and a uniform. That this impression is entirely erroneous has readily been appreciated by many general practitioners who accepted emergency commissions on the outbreak of war. Indeed, the scope of the regimental medical officer is surprisingly wide and comprehensive. There are certain factors which give the Service doctor a new angle, as it were, on medical practice. First, in a unit which may contain approximately a thousand men there are few, if any, cases of chronic disease. The problems with which one meets are almost entirely those of preventive medicine and administration. Among the many functions which the R.M.O. has to assume are those of medical adviser to the commander of the unit to which he is attached, medical officer of health, sanitary inspector and engineer, and, above all, that of a medical educator. There are in addition unique opportunities for clinical observation and for experiments in preventive and therapeutic medicine. The time which any unit has to spend in action is small compared with its sojourn in rest camps, barracks, and billets, and it is to the consideration of the commonest ailments met with under these conditions that I shall devote the rest of this short article.


Additional techniques to challenge automatic thoughts are presented in this chapter. These techniques include the "pie chart technique," in which a pie chart can help clients examine catastrophic fears. The "continuum technique" can be used to help clients put possible negative outcomes in the proper perspective. The "me–not me" technique is intended to help therapists and clients maintain an awareness that anxiety in certain social situations is expected and even appropriate. The technique of "intentional physiological arousal induction" involves having the client engage in an activity like jogging in place or walking quickly up and down flights of stairs prior to engaging in an exposure. "Video feedback" is another potentially powerful intervention.


The ecologization concept, its basic principles and fundamentals are researched. Basic problems and peculiarities of agriculture in Ukraine are considered, as a precondition for carrying out the environment ecologization at all levels, from state laws to private farms. The use of Internet Marketing as one of the effective tools for popularizing the ideas of country ecologization is suggested. The list of the main features and benefits that Internet Marketing and its tools provide in achieving the goal of agriculture ecologization is presented.


Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) in cross-sectional studies, but the association of ED with incident AF is less well established. The purpos...


Aims and background The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of a family of cell membrane receptors that use tyrosine kinase activity as the signal transduction mechanism. It is commonly expressed or overexpressed by many solid tumors and correlates with disease progression and a poor clinical prognosis. Increased EGFR expression might therefore be a strong prognostic feature in multiple tumor types, and inhibition of its cellular actions may have substantial therapeutic benefit. The aim of this study was to estimate the EGFR serum concentration for potential use as a biological marker of brain cancer to predict prognosis and follow-up after treatment. Methods and study design Serum samples obtained from 50 healthy individuals and 65 brain cancer patients (35 glioblastoma multiforme and 30 anaplastic astrocytomas) were collected before and after treatment and assayed for EGFR extracellular domain serum concentrations by a sandwich ELISA. Results EGFR was elevated in 47 of 65 brain cancer patients, with mean serum values of 84 ± 18 ng/ml, compared with that of healthy controls (43.6 ± 11 ng/ml, P = 0.001). There was a significant difference in the mean serum levels of EGFR between glioblastoma multiforme patients (96.2 ± 12 ng/ml) and anaplastic astrocytoma patients (71.6 ± 18 ng/ml, P = 0.04). Sixty brain cancer patients underwent surgery; EGFR serum levels did not show significant differences from those observed before surgery. For all patients, median overall survival was 13 months (anaplastic astrocytoma, 18 months; glioblastoma multiforme, 12.5 months). In 47 patients with high EGFR serum levels, overall survival was reduced (P = 0. 01), with a median survival time corresponding to 11.5 months (anaplastic astrocytoma, 14.5 months; glioblastoma multiforme, 10.5 months). Conclusions Although a prospective study with large sample size is warranted, serum EGFR extracellular domain may be potentially useful as a biological marker of gliomas for prediction of prognosis and follow-up after treatment.


High permeability of ferromagnetic materials has been used for noise reduction of the electronic devices. As an effect of noise attenuation of ferromagnetic materials is as a function of thickness, such materials are not suitable for recent trend of thinner package. We proposed to use electromagnetic induction instead of high permeability for noise attenuation that can be suitable for thinner package. We confirmed more than 90% noise attenuation ranging from 0.1 to 6 GHz and 3 to 30 GHz bands by 50μm total thickness of the noise attenuation sheets.


We have studied the E rosette forming-phenomenon on normal and pathologic lymphocytes after 24 hours of incubation in Fetal Calf Serum. The percentage of E rosette forming cells decreases more after incubation in Hodgkin's disease patients serum than in normal control serum. The findings suggest a specific interaction between serum factors and Hodgkin's disease lymphocytes surface receptors.


The configuration and quantum chemistry parameters of 8 1- substitute -2-amido-benzimidazole such as EHOMO, ELUMO, polarizability(P), hydration energy (HE), heat of formation(HF) , electrostatic potential(EP) and molar refractivity(MR) were calculated using quantum chemistry program. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed for the urgent toxicity (LD50) of male and female rat. The models made up of 4 variables had higher precision (male: r2 =0.959; female: r2 = 0.932) than that made up of 3 variables (male: r2=0.867; female: r2=0.839), suggesting that logP, ELUMO, P and HE had a good correlativity and the 4 variables affected the urgent toxicities together. These models settled the problem of the low relativity of benzene substitute compounds, and few studies on P and HE in QSARs were done formerly. In the models, ELUMO illuminated that these compounds may be the electron acceptor when they interacted with organism and HE and logP emerged at the same time, which was opposite to the normal idea that the simultaneous appearance of HE and logP should result in the not credible calculation of LD50 values. These compounds were presumed basically unreactive and the narcosis process was primary in their toxicity mechanisms. The values of toxicity depended on the degree of transfer from water phase to bio-phase and the capability of reaction with target of organism. These models had a good predictive capability, with small differences between predicted and observed values.


We place limits on semiclassical fluctuations that might be present in the primordial perturbation spectrum. These can arise if some signatures of pre-inflationary features survive the expansion, or could be created by whatever mechanism ends inflation. We study two possible models for such remnant fluctuations, both of which break the isotropy of CMB on large scales. We first consider a semiclassical fluctuation in one Fourier mode of primordial perturbations. The second scenario we analyze is a semiclassical Gaussian bump somewhere in space. These models are tested with the seven-year WMAP data using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Bayesian analysis, and we place limits on these fluctuations. The upper bound for the amplitude of a fluctuation in a single Fourier mode is a ≤ 10−4, while for the Gaussian bump a ≤ 10−3.


High energy density combined with rapid mass transport is highly desired for carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors. Here, multiscale porous carbon has been constructed by an efficient polymerization-pyrolysis strategy. The resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer anchored with Fe3+ is firstly prepared, and the in situ formed Fe3O4 nanoparticles act as mesoporous template during the pyrolysis process. The resultant hierarchically porous carbon achieves an extended surface area of 2260.3 m2 g-1 and wide pore size distributions including micro-, meso-, and macropores. The synergism of large surface area, high conductivity, and interconnected ion transport channels leads to superior energy storage performances of prepared multiscale porous carbon electrode. It delivers a high specific capacitance of 271.7 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 in KOH electrolyte, accompanied with a prominent capacitance retention of 88.5% when the current density is 10.0 A g-1. Besides, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor using organic electrolyte exhibits a maximum energy density of 54.0 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 750.0 W kg-1, as well as the superior cyclic stability with a capacitance retention of 88.2% after 10000 cycles.


How can we best possibly design an international and multidisciplinary entrepreneurship learning experience which combines elements of on- and offline learning? This paper will outline the iterative design development of such a project-based, international, and cross-functional entrepreneurship course on Greentech, Agriculture, and Food in a flipped classroom format.


Objective To understand the mortalities and prevalence trends of major malignant tumors in rural area of Rushan City,Shandong Province.Methods The data came from the four retrospective death surveys in the past 30 years were analyzed.Results The trends of mortality of malignant tumors increased,of which stomach cancer mortality increased in the end of the 1980s and then decreased to the level in the 1970s level,and liver cancer,lung cancer and colorectal cancer increased in this period.Conclusion The changing trends of malignant mortality are mainly related to the risk factors in environment and the dietary.


In this paper, I described the methods that I used for the creation of Xlets, which are Java applets that are developed for the IDTV environment; and the methods for online data retrieval and processing that I utilized in these Xlets. The themes that I chose for the Xlets of the IDTV applications are Earthquake and Tsunami Early Warning; Recent Seismic Activity Report; and Emergency Services. The online data regarding the Recent Seismic Activity Report application are provided by the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI) of Bogazici University in Istanbul; while the online data for the Earthquake and Tsunami Early Warning and the Emergency Services applications are provided by the Godoro website which I used for storing (and retrieving by the Xlets) the earthquake and tsunami early warning simulation data, and the DVB network subscriber data (such as name and address information) for utilizing in the Emergency Services (Police, Ambulance and Fire Department) application. I have focused on the methodologies to use digital television as an efficient medium to convey timely and useful information regarding seismic warning data to the public, which forms the main research topic of this paper.


With the development of the Internet, social media has become an important platform for people to deal with emergencies and share information. When a public health emergency occurs, the public can understand the topics of the event and perceive the sentiments of others through social media, thus building a cooperative communication network. In this study, we took the public health emergency as the main research object and the natural disaster, accident, and social security event as the secondary research object and further revealed the law of the formation and evolution of public opinion through the analysis on temporal networks of topics and sentiments in social media platforms. Firstly, we identified the derived topics by constructing the topic model and used the sentiment classification model to divide the text sentiments of the derived topics into two types: positive sentiment and negative sentiment. Then, the ARIMA time series model was used to fit and predict the evolution and diffusion rules of topics and sentiments derived from public opinions on temporal networks. It was found that the evolution law of derived public opinions had similarities and differences in various types of emergencies and was closely related to government measures and media reports. The related research provides a foundation for the management of network public opinion and the realization of better emergency effects.


The best way to combat a disease is its early detection. A low-cost portable point of care (POC) device is required for early disease detection. A mass spectrometer (MS) is a golden analytical technique to diagnose many diseases. Conventional mass spectrometers are bulky and costly and limited to expensive laboratory setups. In the present paper, a POC-type quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) system is proposed for the early detection of diseases. The main component of QMS that makes it bulky and costly is the vacuum system. The length of the quadrupole filter determines its resolution, and the vacuum level is a function of its length. Hence, both length and vacuum levels are optimized without compromising resolution. The size of the quadrupole rods is reduced to 26 mm at 0.1 pascal pressure for portable applications. This optimized QMF is designed and simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics. The system's vacuum level is designed so that a single rotary pump can serve the purpose without any turbopump. A closed-form expression for mass resolution, pressure, and frequency is also derived.


Through researching the process of elite influencing the community's operation in Bayi village,the author in this article tries to prove that the elite participating in the communities' management is a crucial element in constructing the Harmonious Immigrant Community, and properly utilizing the local elite's power could be valuable to construct the Harmonious Immigrant Community which consists of different nationalities.


The present invention relates to a composite three-dimensional phase change LED heatsink. Traditional power LED lamps are used in a radiator mounted heat sink structure below the chip, which is substantially dependent on the effective cooling surface area of the heat sink. The present invention is provided a phase change and a sheet-like heat sink fins provided with a sheet-like thermally conductive sheet between; both ends of the fin sheet is provided with folded sheet, provided with a bulging surface, the sheet folded sheet, folded curved surfaces from wing radiator plate and folded sheet on the sheet; integrated LED chip is embedded in the radiator plate of the thin plate wing; strip provided with the folded sheet and the curved slot on the wing panel radiator. The present invention employs the fin structure of a three-dimensional perspective, the advantages of phase change heat integrated heat sink and a wing panel radiator, increasing the cooling area of the LED chip and the thermally conductive sheet is provided to improve the heat dissipation efficiency, effectively prolong the service life of LED lamps.


The reduction of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field in an area excited by power frequency currents is investigated by active shielding techniques. The magnetic field inside a shielded area is measured in simple test configurations. The performances of the proposed field-controlled active shield are showed.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the expression of MMP2 mRNA in oral verruvous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODS
Thirty cases were divided into 3 groups: verruvous carcinoma (n = 10), well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (n = 15) and moderately or poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (n = 5). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test the expression of MMP2 mRNA in the carcinoma tissues and matched normal tissues from 3 groups above.

RESULTS
The expression of MMP2 mRNA in the carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in their matched normal tissues (P < 0.05). The expression of MMP2 mRNA in verruvous carcinoma was significantly higher than that in well-differentiated and moderately or poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.05). However, the expression of MMP2 mRNA was not obviously different between well-differentiated and moderately or poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The expression of MMP2 mRNA in oral verruvous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in their matched normal tissues. The expression of MMP2 mRNA in verruvous carcinoma was significantly higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma.


The sea surface mean square slope (mss) was determined from the backscattered power falloff with incidence angle measured with the 36 GHz NASA Scanning Radar Altimeter. Under light wind conditions, the mss showed an inverse correlation with sea surface temperature (SST) for surface wavelengths on the order of 30 km. Both variations might be caused by internal waves.<<ETX>>


The transgenic animal technology is used to research and expre ss target gene with the basic properties of operating at the level of molecule a nd cell,and expressing at the level of tissue and integration.This paper brief ly reviews the present of transgenic technolgy application in the field of ani mal nutrition,meanwhile discusses the existing problems of trangenic animals.


A STUDY OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN LARVAL AND ADULT POPULATIONS OF DUNGENESS CRAB (CANCER MAGISTER) by Cairbre Fanslow Spatial and temporal genetic variation was assessed using mitochondrial DNA from adult and megalopae of Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister, from Fraser Delta in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California. Megalopae were continuously sampled using light traps in one location, Coos Bay, Oregon, and compared with adults sampled across the species' range. While small-scale spatial and temporal variation were evident, there was no significant fit to the Isolation-by-Distance model when considering adult and larvae populations sampled over a coastal length of ~1700 km (Mantel r = 0.059, p = 0.289). Smaller bays showed higher genetic diversity than larger bays, contrary to typical expectations. MtDNA diversity measures (assessed by canonical correlation analysis) were correlated with bay size and depth, suggesting that hydrological patterns or fishing harvests in local areas (or a combination of both) influenced the observed genetic signature. The Dungeness crab ancestral population likely went through a historic population expansion associated with recent glacial relaxation, as evidenced by mismatch distributions and predominance of singleton haplotypes. In larval samples, we commonly observed numerous individuals of a haplotype, which suggests that families of larvae remain aggregated during dispersal. Sampled offspring revealed a low fraction of the adult gene pool (in accordance with the Hedgecock effect), yet high variability in recruitment over time. A realized long distance dispersal of larvae and the additive effects of recruitment from different sources over time may have prevented significant genetic differentiation within the C. magister range.


It is well known that the spectrum of hydrogen comprises the series of lines generally known as the Balmer series, which is a prominent feature in the spectra of the stars and nebulae, and the secondary spectrum, consisting of a vast number of lines whose presence in celestial spectra has not yet been established. The co-ordination of the secondary spectrum would appear to present great difficulties on account of its complexity, but it is perhaps remarkable that a precise knowledge of the Balmer series, which was at one time considered to be the most simple series known in spectroscopy, should still be wanting. Balmer showed, at a time when the complexity of the lines was not yet known, that the wave-lengths could be represented with considerable accuracy by the formula λ = 3646·14 m 2/( m 2 – 4), where m takes successive integral values. Balmer's formula is a special case of the formula of Rydberg for the wave-number v = N [1/(2 + p )2 – 1/( m + q )2], where v is the wave-number, N Rydberg's "universal" constant, and p and q are fractions appropriate to the series; this is identical with Balmer's formula when p and q are put equal to zero. Curtis has deduced from a series of accurate measurements of the leading lines of the Balmer series that the value of Rydberg's constant N is equal to 109678·3, and that the wave-numbers of the lines cannot be represented to the degree of accuracy attained in his measurements by the simple Balmer formula. Curtis was able to represent his experimental values accurately by the formula v = N [1/(2 + p )2 – 1/( m + q )2], where p = –0·00000383, and q takes the value 0·0000021.


Background: Large increases in salivary fluoride were reported 1 h after a calcium pre-rinse/NaF rinse. Aims: This study examined the persistence of these increases. Methods: 12 subjects rinsed in the evening with water, with a 228 µg/g (ppm) F rinse or with 150 mmol/l calcium lactate followed by a 228 µg/g F rinse. In a second experiment these same patients rinsed with a 912 µg/g F rinse. Saliva samples were obtained the morning after rinsing, centrifuged and the supernatants analyzed. Results: The Ca pre-rinse/228 µg/g F rinse induced an increase in overnight salivary F over the 912 µg/g F rinse (≈2.5 times) and a statistically significant increase over the 228 µg/g F rinse (≈5.5 times). Conclusions: The results suggest that a Ca pretreatment may increase the cariostatic effect of topical F agents.


It is shown that the nonlinear equation governing the dynamics of coupled dust-acoustic and dust-cyclotron waves in a magnetized dust-ion plasma can be written in the form of an energy integral. The latter is analyzed analytically as well as numerically to investigate the properties of arbitrary amplitude solitary waves. It is found both analytically as well as numerically that there exist solitary waves only with a negative potential. The implications of these results to some space and astrophysical dusty plasma systems, especially to planetary ring systems and cometary tails, are briefly discussed.


The use of High Rising Terminal intonation contours (HRTs) in statements is a particularly salient and often stigmatized feature of a number of varieties of English. In recent years a number of linguists have investigated the feature from pragmatic (ching 1982, Meyerhoff 1991) and sociolinguistic (Guy, Horvath, Vonwiller, Diasley and Rogers 1986, Allen 1990, Britain 1992) perspectives and its use has also stimulated long running debates in the press (New York Times, Fall 1991; Sydney Morning Herald, June 1992) about its origins, functions and appropriateness. In this paper, we combine a brief discussion of its use and dunction with a F0-plot analysis of a number of HRT contours from recordings made in Wellington, New Zealand in 1989.


Net CO 2 emissions due to land-use change (LUC) resulting from the conversion of natural forest vegetation in Brazil were analyzed over 25 years (1990-2015). Recognized data sources were studied and emission values were compared. Our analysis included LUC emissions over time, which were stratified by biome. In addition, implications for the fulfillment of commitments assumed by Brazil in the Paris Agreement were discussed. Net LUC greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 1990 to 2015 totaled 26GtCO 2 eq. These values were published and updated officially on the National Emissions Registration System. Another renowned source of information regarding Brazil's GHG emissions is the System for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals Estimates, which is managed by the Climate Observatory. Although this platform uses a different methodology, it displayed total values that were very similar to the official estimates, except for some differences between individual biome emissions. The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database, which is based on reports of forest resources, reported lower values of about 21GtCO 2 eq, thereby showing significant differences among biomes when compared to the two aforementioned sources. Amazonia was responsible for 65% to 80% of all emissions domestic during the studied period. Considering these reductions and the commitments assumed by Brazil (43% reduction in emissions by 2030), the country is expected to reach its goal and contribute to the Paris Agreement. All three analyzed data sources reported estimates for CO 2 emissions with differences of up to 18%. The Amazon biome contributed the most to emissions over the studied period, regardless of the source. All analyzed reports displayed reductions in LUC CO 2 emissions in Brazil for the last few years of analysis. These results indicate the possibility of Brazil fulfilling the commitments established by the Paris Agreement. The main differences among the methodologies analyzed are due to the vegetation cover mapping approaches.


If you could have a private half-hour with each major presidential candidate, what would you say about repairing our broken health care system?

It is an intriguing question, and I bet each of our readers would give the candidates an earful. Where would you start? Reform the present system of reimbursements? Improve access for the uninsured? Create a national program to promote evidence-based care and to reduce waste? Shift the burden from corporate coffers to union trust funds?

After reading a report from Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.,1 I have a new-found respect for a strategy to improve health care at the federal level. My approach would involve a renewed focus on the care of patients with diabetes. Perhaps some of the principal findings from this report might sway our readers to inform our political leaders about the way in which funds are spent on this widespread disease.

The goal of the Mathematica report, which was commissioned by Novo Nordisk's National Changing Diabetes Program, was to identify the kinds of federal programs, authority, and funding that might influence the incidence, treatment, and progression of diabetes. Surely, as one of the largest global suppliers of products for diabetic patients, the company has a key stake in this conversation; however, I trust that Mathematica did a rigorous independent analysis, as I am familiar with much of its other work. Skepticism aside, what were the study's main methods and findings?

Because the percentage of Americans with diabetes has more than doubled since 1980 (to a current figure of more than 20.8 million patients), the methods used by the Mathematica researchers are significant. They created an economic model using traditional "cost-of-illness" methods to estimate the additional amount that the federal government spends to treat diabetic patients, compared with nondiabetic persons. They also used budget-analysis techniques to estimate the total amount of federal spending for other diabetes-related purposes, including prevention and research.

I was surprised by a core component of the report: almost every federal department—except the Department of State, the Department of Energy, and the General Services Administration—was responsible in some way for a policy or program that could help achieve national diabetes goals. The extent of responsibility varied, ranging from significant programs in the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the Department of Agriculture (USDA), for example, to programs with more modest implications for diabetes in other departments.

So far, so good.

The researchers concluded that the federal government spent nearly $80 billion in fiscal year 2005 in additional treatment costs for diabetic patients, compared with those without diabetes—about 61% of total U.S. medical spending for all payers. Thus, the amount paid by the federal government to treat diabetic patients, compared with nondiabetic persons, was more than Department of Education's entire budget in fiscal year 2005. This amount was also 12% of federal health care spending nationwide (or almost one-eighth of all federal dollars going toward diabetes treatment).

This news was a staggering revelation to me; I feel that a significant share of this spending is probably avoidable, especially because we know that many complications of diabetes can be prevented and even reversed.

It is apparent that the government plays a large role in treating diabetic complications, primarily because Medicare, Medicaid, the Veterans Administration, and other programs disproportionately serve elderly or ill individuals. In contrast, the amount that the government spends for prevention of illness suggests that it is not doing enough to limit the burden of diabetes or to decrease spending to treat preventable complications. "Simply put, Uncle Sam has a huge opportunity" to save money by spending more for disease prevention and by spending less for treating complications.

So what would you tell those presidential contenders and the policy wonks who advise them? The Mathematica report recommends that the federal government:

spend a little more money now to save a lot more money later by improving screening to detect diabetes earlier to prevent costly complications.

lead by example in promoting the health of its workforce by requesting the Office of Personnel Management to strengthen the "HealthierFeds Initiative" (e.g., negotiating with health plans to cover activities that reduce risk factors for diabetes and by encouraging education, prevention, and early treatment).

enhance coordination and cooperation between departments (especially the DHHS and the USDA) to help reduce risk factors for, and complications of, diabetes.

conduct further research to ascertain how Medicare actually pays for complications that could have been avoided and to suggest ways to pay more toward disease prevention.

develop a White Paper to synthesize what is known about food-assistance programs for people at high risk for diabetes and about the kinds of nutrition education provided and to assess the effectiveness of these efforts.

Certainly, no single report is going to fix our ailing health care system. However, I was impressed with the size and scope of the government's commitment to diabetes care. I also support efforts to move away from payments for complications and to move toward emphasizing prevention and education.

Any disease that affects 21 million Americans and 12% of federal health care dollars ought to grab the attention of every P&T committee member. I hope that all of our readers will study and debate the merits of the Mathematica report. I also think our own organizations could do more to educate the public about diabetes prevention.

With the report in mind, what would you now tell a presidential candidate attending your P&T committee meeting about opportunities for government leaders to change diabetes care?

Readers can obtain a copy of the Mathematica report by calling 202-484-9220 or by visiting the company's Web site, www.mathematica-mpr.com.

As always, I am interested in your views. You can reach me at my e-mail address, firstname.lastname@example.com, and you can also visit my new blog at http://departmentofhealthpolicy.blogspot.com.


ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of antithrombin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tissue factor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in three different in vitro cellular systems: whole blood, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and mononuclear cells. Design and Setting Laboratory in vitro study of the effects of antithrombin on procoagulant activity and cytokine release by LPS-stimulated endothelial and peripheral blood cells. SubjectsIn vitro whole blood, isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cell, and mononuclear cell cultures. InterventionsAddition of antithrombin to LPS-treated whole blood, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and mononuclear cells. Measurement and Main Results Citrated whole blood, isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, or mononuclear cells were stimulated with LPS for 4–6 hrs in the presence or absence of antithrombin. Tissue factor activity was estimated by a tissue factor-dependent clotting or chromogenic assay and IL-6 was measured by specific ELISA. Antithrombin was found to inhibit tissue factor and IL-6 production in all three systems in a dose-dependent manner (0–40 IU/mL). Flow-through fractions of immunoadsorbed antithrombin concentrate were found to be ineffective. Five different batches of the same antithrombin concentrate were tested and the inhibitory activity was found to be consistent throughout all batches. Up to 40 &mgr;M of recombinant hirudin, a specific thrombin inhibitor, did not inhibit the production of tissue factor or IL-6 in either of the three cell systems, suggesting that the observed inhibition by antithrombin was not due solely to its ability to inhibit thrombin. ConclusionsApart from the inhibition of thrombin and other activated clotting factors, antithrombin may also down-regulate the cellular expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Consequently, antithrombin concentrates may have value in the treatment of sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation.


Background: Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. There is no information about this disease in pregnant women in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection among pregnant women in southwestern (Ahvaz) and northern (Parsabad) Iran and further to comparison its prevalence in normal and abnormal pregnancies. Methods: A total of 400 samples were collected randomly from pregnant women who referred to diagnostic laboratories of Ahvaz and Parsabad in 2014. An indirect ELISA kit, designed in Veterinary Faculty, was used to detect the specific antibodies against phase II humanC. burnetii in serum samples. Results: The overall prevalence of C. burnetii in sera from pregnant women was 29.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 25–34%). The prevalence of C. burnetii infection was significantly different in Ahvaz and Parsabad with, respectively, 22 (95% CI: 16–28%) and 36.5% (95% CI: 30–43%). Total prevalence of C. burnetii infection in serum was significantly higher in women with abnormal pregnancy history (39.8%) compared with normal pregnancies (23.8%). Furthermore, maternal age had significant association with seropositivity and the prevalence increased with maternal age. This could be due to higher probability of encountering C. burnetii in older women. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated ahigh seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection among pregnant women in Iran for the first time. Seropositivity was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal age. The pregnant women who experienced abnormal pregnancy had higher seroprevalence of C. burnetii compared to women with normal pregnancy.


Objective To study the bronchoscopic performance and clinical features of elderly patients with lung cancer in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods 182 patients with lung cancer older than 60 years were diagnosed by bronchoscopy,and their bronchoscopic performance,lesion site,and pathological type were analyzed.Results The prevalence proportion of elderly lung cancer in men and women was 3.79 ∶ 1.Lesions were mainly at the right upper lobe bronchus( 31.87%) and the left upper lobe bronchus( 23.08%).There were 65.93% patients with proliferative lung cancer,which included 65.83% patients with hyperplastic squamous,followed by infiltrating( 21.43%).Conclusion The incidence of male elderly lung cancer is higher than female.Bronchoscopy can accurately determine lung cancer site,pathological type,and play an important role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung cancer.


The results showed that applications of 20-40 mg·L~(-1)hexanoic acid 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester (DA-6) could efficiently enhance cold resistance in tomato seedlings.In contrast to unapplicated,the ratio in free water/bound water of treated seedlings with 20-40 mg·L~(-1) DA-6 decreasedin a wide range under cold stress.The chlorophyll content,activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves were obviously increased,malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased by 25.8%-34.6%, the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein were significantly improved.


The pluralistic schooling model with mono-subject is to fully use all the strength of the society.On the premise that the government should increase invest ment on higher education,enterprises,citizens,social groups and foreign educational organizations are allowed to set up higher education,in order to meet the needs of the people for higher education.Therefore,we need a series of laws and regulations,policies and measures to support the model.


We consider a nondifferentiable fractional programming problem as the form: $(P)$ $\min_{X\in x}\max\frac{f(x,y)}{g(x,y)}y\in Y$ subject to $X=\{x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}|h_{j}(x)\leq 0, j=1,2, \ldots,p\}\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}$ $Y\subset \mathbb{R}^{m}$ , a compact subset, where $f\geq 0$ and $g>0$ are continuous nondifferentiable but subdifferentiable on $X\cross Y\subset$ $\mathbb{R}^{n}\cross \mathbb{R}^{m}$ . The necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for problem $(P)$ are established. Subsequently, we apply the optimality conditions to formulate a one-parameter dual programming and prove the weak duality, strong duality, and strict converse duality theorems.


One kind of drill member, said drill element is used in the case of drilling fluid around the drill pipe and flowing along the element from the bottom toward the surface extending in the direction of drilling a well is drilled, the drill rod member comprises a member (5) and the coupling member (8), said coupling member mounted around the rotatable member. The coupling member (8) comprises at least two abutment area (13, 14) on the wall during the drilling, each of the abutment area (13, 14) is provided with at least one abutment portion (13a, 14a) on the outside diameter of the outer diameter of the other portion, said at least one abutment portion is larger than the drill rod element. Each abutment area (13, 14) each having a convexly rounded shape produced by rotation, each of the abutment area (13, 14) axially away from each other at least one abutment area, said coupling member (8) includes two abutment regions in the intermediate region (15) between (13, 14), an opening is provided between the coupling member (8) and the member (5), such that the drilling fluid is used in the coupling member (8) between the flow (5) member, to form a fluid bearing.


National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB821600]; Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [21375113, 21173178, 21232005]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University


Children who do not conform to social expectations of sexuality or gender are either being identified or self-identifying at much younger ages. Unfortunately the effect of discrimination and violence against this population can be extensive, forcing children into the child welfare system, the juvenile justice system, or onto the street. Thus sexuality or gender identification has become one more stressor like poverty, racism, or family dysfunction that propels children away from their families and communities and into state care. In order to address this problem, which has its roots in social bias, it is necessary to articulate a broad community based prevention program.Using a public health approach to addressing violence, this chapter examines the socially supported discrimination confronting queer youth in community institutions. It surfaces the potential similarities between the movement to ensure the safety of queer children and the intimate partner violence movement, which has successfully adopted macro level prevention strategies. Several prevention strategies that can be integrated into community institutions to protect queer youth and reduce their chances entering the juvenile justice or child welfare systems are discussed. The chapter concludes with a short discussion of various techniques that can aid advocates in implementing these strategies.


The cases that we are reporting illustrate that tibial neumropathy after injury to the knee may be more frequent than has been previously recognized because clinical and electrophysiological deficits may be confined to nerve twigs that branch from the tibial nerve distal to the knee


A morphostructural study and physico-chemical analysis was carried out on soils of the tropical rainforest area of south Cameroon. The study shows that soils in the forest are not very fertile. The fertility is limited by acidity, the low amount of bases exchange, the cationic imbalance, the aluminic toxicity and the lack of assimilable phosphorus. These soils are nevertheless comparatively rich in nitrogen and potassium and their physical properties are satisfactory: high porosity, high water content, well structured surface. When these soils are cultivated, land clearing and plowing induce an important change of most of their morphostructural and chemical characteristics. Compaction of soils through destructuration and leaching of fine particles as well as depletion in nitrogen and potassium can be noted. However, certain chemical characteristics are improved by cultivation: soil acidity, aluminic toxicity and bases exchange requirements are reduced perceptibly.


Objective To investigate the correlation between the levels of serum thyroglobulin(Tg) and 131I-whole-body scan(131I-WBS) in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC) after radical resection,in order to provide a clinical evidence for follow-up and therapy of the disease. Methods Levels of serum Tg were measured in 83 patients with DTC before radioactive iodine therapy.131I-WBS was offered after administration of 5.55 GBq radioactive iodine for 5-7 days.Semiquantitative visual analysis was used to grade the extent of metastasis showed in 131I-WBS,and Spearman's rank correlation to analyze the correlation between levels of serum Tg and score of 131I-WBS.The correlation between serum Tg and score of 131I-WBS in different types of pathology of DTC was analyzed as well. Results Of the 83 patients,87.95%(73/83) of their serum Tg levels were in line with scores of 131I-WBS,9.64%(8/83) of them showed positive serum Tg(Tg0.10 μg/L) and negative 131I-WBS,and2.41%(2/83) had negative serum Tg and positive 131I-WBS.The correlation between serum Tg levels and extent of metastasis in patients with DTC was significant(r=0.725-0.849,P0.01),while correlation between serum Tg levels and scores of 131I-WBS in different types of pathology of DTC was not(P0.05). Conclusion Serum levels of Tg are correlated with 131I-WBS,raising level of serum Tg signifies massive metastasis in DTC patients,a close follow-up and proper treatment are suggested.


To the Editor.— I read with interest a recent article describing six infants and children with preexisting eczema who developed molluscum contagiosum. 1 The author found that the lesions of molluscum contagiosum were predominantly present on areas of active eczema, and raised the possibility that topical corticosteroid therapy might play a role in such a distribution. Gellis thought that "the use of topical corticosteroid therapy is the major factor in the association noted by the author between eczema and molluscum contagiosum, but this is no certainty." 2 I recently saw a 4-year-old girl with preexisting eczema in whom molluscum contagiosum developed. However, despite the fact that she was being treated with topical corticosteroid cream for eczema, the lesions of molluscum contagiosum were not distributed in the areas of the eczema. Her eczema was mainly on the arms and legs, whereas the lesions of molluscum contagiosum were mostly on the trunk.


This collection of papers attempts to provide 'a simple, comprehensive publication addressed to basic and practical aspects of the clinical measurement of behavioural change'. Given the breadth of coverage and the constraint of 583 pages the book inevitably falls somewhere between a handbook and an annotated bibliography of quantitative methods of assessment in psychiatry.


Theoretical and practical fundamentals of producing weldable titanium alloys with high and superhigh strength by the application of advanced methods of increasing the structural strength, multicomponent alloying, modification, hardening heat treatment, cold deformation, thermomechanical treatment, cladding and formation of thick areas in the weld zone in machining are described. The effect of modifying additions of zirconium and rhenium on the structure and mechanical properties of the welded joints in VT14, VT15 and VT16 alloys is investigated.


Abstract In the early stage of pregnancy, hypoxia in the placenta is of great significance to the migration and invasion of trophoblasts. In addition, changes to the polarity and activity of macrophages can affect embryo implantation, trophoblast migration and invasion, and vascular remodeling by affecting cytokine secretion. However, the mechanism of the effects of hypoxic conditions in the placenta on trophoblasts remains unknown. We used gene knockdown on macrophages, and drug treatment on trophoblasts, and cultured them under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. The cells were then subjected to wound-healing assays, Transwell cell invasion experiments, quantitative real-time reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The polarization of macrophages in each group, the migration and invasion ability of trophoblasts, and changes to the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were detected. Hypoxic conditions induce M2 polarization of macrophages. The conditioned medium from macrophages under hypoxic conditions increased the migration and invasion of trophoblasts and enhanced the levels of phosphorylated (p)-PI3K and p-AKT in trophoblasts. After C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 knockdown in macrophages, the ability of conditioned medium from macrophages cultured under hypoxic conditions to promote the migration and invasion of trophoblasts was weakened significantly. The use of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway agonists could reverse the attenuation effect caused by C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 knockdown. Summary sentence Hypoxic conditions induced the polarization of M2 macrophages and their secretion of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, thereby activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in trophoblasts, ultimately leading to enhanced trophoblast migration and invasion. Graphical Abstract The hypoxic environment of the placenta in early pregnancy might play a role in the mechanism of macrophage polarization, in which hypoxic conditions can induce macrophages to polarize to the M2 type and stimulate the secretion of CCL5. This will further promote the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells. At the same time, CCL5 derived from macrophages is involved in the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in trophoblasts under hypoxic conditions.


In two experiments weaned entire ram lambs were offered either pasture alone or pasture plus ad libitum conserved forage for 7–12 weeks during the finishing period. Herbage height was maintained at 3·2 cm on both treatments by manipulation of stocking rate in the twenty-four plots (twelve per treatment) used for the experiment. In experiment 1 silage, which was of lower metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) content than the grazed herbage, was consumed at an average of 194 g DM head−1 d−1, providing approximately 40% of total DM intake requirements. In experiment 2 a strawmix, containing (g k g −1 freshweight) 450 g barley straw, 300 g concentrate and 250 g molasses and again with a lower ME and CP content than the grazed herbage, was consumed at an average of 57 g DM head−1 d−1, providing approximately 11% of total DM intake requirements. In both experiments stocking rate was increased by 20–25% by providing forage, but lamb growth rate was not affected.


This section of practice notes is written by early career researchers, reflecting on their first experiences of fieldwork in human rights-related settings. It has two sources of inspiration, the submission to JHRP of a practice note on this subject (Browne and Moffett's piece) and the subsequent realization by the journal editors that although there is a growing literature on challenging fieldwork, there is little that directly addresses the challenges facing first time researchers. In the practice notes, authors address questions such as: † What knowledge and skills should researchers have before first conducting human rights-related fieldwork? † Are these requirements met by the training that NGOs, universities and others provide? † Are there attributes and sensibilities that can only be acquired by doing fieldwork ('through research'—Darling, p. 201), and how should the divide between the class or training room and the field be addressed? The authors are from the global North working in the North, from the North working in the South, and from the South working in the South. They come from a range of academic disciplines, and reflect the fact that engagement with the practice and ethics of field research differs not only between academia and practice, but also between academic disciplines. The selection of notes presented here is by no means comprehensive. For example, none of the researchers conducted research on perpetrators, with the particular challenges that such research brings. All are currently located in academia rather than NGOs or civil society groups, although each of the contributions reflects on the links between human rights-related research and pressure for social and political change. The section also does not investigate what is specific about human rights research—and uses the term 'human rights-related research' deliberately, to designate a broader category of research on violence, conflict, vulnerable groups, and so on. As such, a gap remains on questions such as what is distinctive about human rights research (subject matter? normative reference points?) and how this label itself shapes research—for


Removing the 14-day limit for research on human embryos without public deliberation could jeopardize public trust in and support of research on human development.


We present a derivation of the Lagrangian for a system of relativistic particles, starting from d'Alembert's principle. We follow the virtually forgotten derivation of Pars, using generally accepted notation, while introducing some new steps in the derivation and clarifying others.


A turbocharger system which is used in an internal combustion engine and particularly suitable for use in an on-road vehicle is provided with a turbocharger including a turbine, a compressor and a turboshaft coupling the turbine and the compressor together. A turbo lag is produced in a turbocharger. A solution to this is mechanically coupling it to a motor/generator (motor which acts as a generator when required); storing the power in battery when boost available exceeds the required boost; and rotating the turbocharger shaft using motor during insufficient turbocharger boost. The turbocharger provides a compact and efficient method of storing energy in the battery during excess period of turbocharger boost, and retrieving energy from the battery (using motor) during periods of insufficient turbocharger boost.


Overwhelming amounts of geological and geomorphological data have accumulated over the last ca. 160 years for the Netherlands. Also, the amounts and diversity of digital map products summarizing all this data also have grown overwhelmingly. Combining, updating and synchronizing the various information sources while keeping matters user-friendly is a challenge. We present the current status of our GIS solutions for managing landform age information and performing palaeogeographical analysis utilizing past landscape visualizations (i.e. query-generated map time series).

Our mapping uses so-called base maps connected to landform catalogue database to store information, which are published as open data. Base maps and catalogues are to be kept up-to-date with new actual data through iterative manual revision, and are ‘living’ datasets. For palaeogeographical analysis we query the base maps and recombine subselections using scripts. This generates derived map series in which the information is arranged for the analysis, which independently gets open data status. To allow communal maintenance of the information, we designed interfaces to the landform catalogue databases of our base maps to make them editable in wiki-style (i.e.: ‘non-static open data’).

Attitudes like this are needed to get the most out of accumulating data and overcome integration, actuality and divergence challenges felt by users working with different maps claimed to be based on the same shared body of geodata generated in densely populated lowland countries.


PURPOSE: An electric power measuring device is provided to measure each electric power for each of a plurality of branch circuits. CONSTITUTION: Current detecting units are installed in a plurality of branch circuits, respectively. The Current detecting units detect a flowing current in each branch circuits and provide with a voltage signal. A controlling unit(110) calculates measuring information for each branch circuit by using a voltage signal provided from the current detecting unit and provides the measuring information for each branch circuit to a high rank electric power measuring device. The current detecting unit includes a plurality of transformers(400) and a plurality of load resistor units(140). A plurality of transformers is installed in a plurality of branch circuits and detects a flowing current in the branch circuits and outputs according to a predetermined rate. The load resistor units are connected to the transformers in parallel and provide output currents of the transformers to the voltage signal. [Reference numerals] (110) Controlling unit; (120) Communicating unit; (AA) Load 1; (BB) Load 2; (CC) Load 3; (DD) Load n


In this paper, a different method for designing a n ovel and compact microstrip-fed slot antenna with band-notched characteristic for UWB ap plication is proposed. In the proposed antenna, a pair of protruded T-shaped stri ps inside an extra rectangular slot in the ground plane is used to create an additional re sonance at higher frequencies. By obtaining this resonance (10.7 GHz), the usable upp er frequency of the antenna is extended from 10 GHz to 13.2 GHz which provides a w ide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 125%. Additionally, by using a squarering radiating stub with a protruded H-shaped strip inside the ring, a desired frequency band-stop performance has been obtained. Simulated and experimental results obtain ed for this antenna show that it exhibits good radiation behavior within the UWB fre qu ncy range. The proposed antenna can operate from 2.95 to 13.2 GHz for VSWR < 2 with a rejection band around of 5.1-6 GHz to suppress any interference from wireless loca l area network (WLAN) systems. Simulated and experimental results obtained for thi s antenna show that it exhibits good radiation behavior within the UWB frequency range.


The potential applications of remote sensing from aircraft in agriculture are many. Suggested uses include determination of crop acreages, surveys of land use, soil surveys, rangeland surveys, and determination of crop condition. The latter has been of special interest particularly with respect to crop damage from drought, salinity and plant pests. Quantitative measures of incidence and severity of plant diseases and other crop pests require high expenditures of time by trained personnel. Consequently, most estimates of crop losses from plant pests in major production regions of the United States and other countries are derived from inadequate surveys. In the late 1950's, U.S. industry members of the Agricultural Research Institute asked the Agricultural Board of the National Academy of SciencesNational Research Council to study methods by which the accuracy of such information could be improved. This request was guided by the reports of earlier work by R. N. Colwell (1956) on the detection of wheat stem rust disease in plots of graded infection severity by use of aerial infrared photography. In 1960, a committee of the NAS-NRC was appointed. In selecting committee members, the Academy took cognizance of the advances in technology that had been recently made in radiation detectors and optical mechanical scanners as well as photographic films. Members were selected from the disciplines of physics, engineering, agriculture, and forestry. From the outset, their studies dealt with not only the photographic spectral regions but also the ultra-violet, reflective infrared, emissive infrared, and radar regions. The committee was named "Remote Sensing for Agricultural Purposes" and was given permission to plan the research approach and to seek support for it. Because of the complexities of assembling equipment and obtaining agricultural test areas, the committee was later given permission to participate in the early feasibility studies. The first experiment was conducted in 1964 using University of Michigan aircraft and sensing equipment over Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station farms (Holter et al., 1964). The major objective was to determine the capability of recognizing crop species by comparing energy returns from the different crops in 18 rather narrow spectral bands ranging from 0.35 to 16 /. The sensing instruments were a combination of optical mechanical scanners with appropriate filters and detectors and multiple and single lens camera systems. This combination of instruments was the best that could be put together at the time, but of course, there was no way to calibrate the energies measured in each channel. Data were recorded on film. Analyses were limited largely to comparing photographic tones of different fields with each other and with a selected standard area such as a road, pond, or grass strip common to each scene. Despite these and many other limitations, the power of such a multispectral system to differentiate crop species and soil types and to detect weedy and damaged areas within fields was indicated (Hoffer et al., 1966; Holmes & Hoffer, 1966). In 1965, the University of Michigan improved the airborne sensing system by mounting all equipment in a single plane, and devising a single-aperture, 12-channel scanner with internal calibration. The channels were selected


Abstract : A passive structural logic system composed of bistable snap-through elements and synthesized into structural system with both high stiffness and high damping characteristics was developed. This system was demonstrated to achieve high damping performance and mitigate the shock and vibrations applied by dynamic environments. A ten-cell sub-assembly prototype structural system in axial configuration was designed, fabricated, and characterized to reach loss factor exceeding 1.0 A planar version of sub-assembly beam consists of honeycomb core and hybrid planar bistable snap-through elements was also synthesized, fabricated, and tested to reach loss factor exceeding 1.0 for frequency spectrum from 1 to 10 Hz. A framework to synthesize structural networks of multiple sub-assemblies was developed and allows exploring different serial and/or parallel connection between building blocks and sub-assemblies. The results show that the synthesized structural logic system can become an effective vibration suppression system adaptive to input amplitude and frequencies for sinusoidal and impulse loadings.


The paper presents an analysis of the balance sheet and the reactive power demand of the Polish Power System. Reactive power balance sheets were made for the specific operating conditions of the system: the last winter peak, summer peak and summer off peak load. The basis of the study was load flow models and selected load flow calculation results. In addition, changes in demand for active and reactive power in recent years were presented. DOI: 10.12736/issn.2300-3022.2013106


Rev. King questioned our system, raising doubts about our ideology, our methods, and our national style. He condemned policies and practices that belied our peace ful and democratic intentions, threatened the free and equal claim of our political and economic institutions, and denied many their dignity and self-respect. He warned those in seats of power to respond posi tively to just claims for the correction of social inequities. He believed that leaders who are unwilling or unable to do so, signal the approach of a state of crisis in the so ciety they lead. In garrisoning major population centers, deliberately subverting corrective reforms, substituting brawn for reason and control for concession, those who resist social change evidence the moral and political bankruptcy that threaten the social struc ture they defend. The assassination of a


Accurately analyzing both structural and functional brain data from multimodal neuroimaging is a challenge for deep learning methods. Recent progress in explainable AI (XAI) has helped to gain insight into structural relationships across brain regions and complex dynamics of cognitive states, both in healthy and diseased. In this brief note, we will touch upon selected recent directions of our research where machine learning techniques help to analyze brain measurements from EEG, fNIRS, sMRI and fMRI. We owe these steps that we are summarizing mainly to activities of members of the BBCI team and their collaborators. Clearly, unavoidably and intentionally this abstract will have a high overlap to prior own contributions as it reports about and discusses these novel ideas and directions.


Seemingly superficial, yet so captivating, Beneath the Surface brims with moments like these, capturing skin lighteners' glamorous, toxic, and contested geopolitical life. Mshoza and Miss Morgan are not alone in "brightening" their complexions. Skin lightening has a long and storied past, with global sales predicted to reach $31.4 billion by 2024 (p. 1). Lynn Thomas meticulously researches the history of this practice, connecting a host of visual and textual media to do so: missionary writings and material objects, beauty pageant photos and film stills, poetry and popular fiction, seductive ads and polemical political campaigns, spectacular journalism and gory medical documentation. She weaves these together using the methodology of "connective comparison," an approach developed in her collaborative The Modern Girl around the World (Weinbaum et al. 2008). This model excavates local South African sociocultural, political, and economic grounds, while charting their linkages and transformations across Africa, Europe, and the United States. What emerges is a hemispheric understanding of racialization, its intersectionalities, and its intimate geopolitics.


The research aims to explore the ability of BIM Level-2 procedures and documents to activate feedback loops in buildings delivery process within the context of Soft Landings professional framework in the UK. The study utilises qualitative research methods into two stages. The first stage involves the use of semi-structured interviews to scan the professional opinion of experts in BIM technology, post-occupancy evaluation and feedback, and energy and simulation analysis. The second stage consist documents review and interviews of key personnel involved in two case studies of schools projects for two local councils in the South-East Wales region. The research key findings reveal that the current BIM standards and procedures do not directly support in-use performance feedback while the collaboration work environment backed by BIM and Soft Landings framework is helping both the client and the design/build team to develop their perception of in-use performance using lesson learned during the process


NSAID-induced lesions of the gastrointestinal tract gained wide spread in the recent decade. Their range includes lesion of the esophagus, syndrome of dyspepsia, gastropathy and enteropathy. Diagnosis establishment of enteropathy is complicated and became possible after introduction of the capsule endoscopy. PPI are used for treatment of gastropathy, but they are not effective for treating enteropathy. Cytoprotective prostaglandins play the key role in the development of NSAID lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Synthetic analogues of prostaglandins of misoprostol type possess cytoprotective action, but cause a significant number of adverse events. Rebamipide, a new gastroprotective agent in Russia stimulates production of endogenous prostaglandins. This drug proved its efficacy during the clinical trials performed according to the standards of the evidence-based medicine.


Ethyl nona-3,8-dienoate prepared from the palladium-catalysed reaction of butadiene with carbon monoxide and ethanol was found to consist of a 79 : 21 mixture of trans- and cis- isomers. This ester was used to prepare threo- and erythro-3,4-dihydroxynon-8-ene which were cyclised by a Wacker-type catalyst (PdCl2–CuCl2–O2) to exo- and endo-brevicomin. Analogous cyclisations were effected on several other ene-diols derived from octa-1,6-diene, octa-1,7-diene, allyl glycidyl ether and two substituted diallyl ethers. The mechanism of the key cyclisation step is discussed.


The analysis and design of a tunable low noise active inductor is presented. The noise performance of the proposed gyrator-based active inductor is improved without either degrading its quality factor or consuming more power using a linear feed forward path (FFP). The proposed low noise active inductor has been designed and fabricated in a standard 0.18-m CMOS technology. The measurements show a 3 folds improvement in the input noise current compared to that of the conventional active inductors. The active inductor was tuned and measured at the resonance frequency of 2.5 GHz which could be extended to as high as 5.5 GHz with a quality factor of 30. The circuit draws 4.8 mA from a 1.8 V supply.


The color of red willemite (Zn 2 SiO 4 ) from Franklin, New Jersey, has been attributed in the past to inclusions of franklinite. We have examined these inclusions, which are rod-shaped and 5–20 μm in diameter, and found them to contain multiple phases. Polarized-light microscopy shows the rods to be oriented uniformly parallel to the c axis of willemite, and to have hexagonal or pseudohexagonal cross-sections. Phases identified by standardless EDS analysis and electron back-scatter diffraction include franklinite, friedelite, zincian kutnohorite, serpentine and rhodonite, as well as a sparse, unidentified K-bearing phase. Possible explanations for the origin of the rods include exsolution, primary fluid inclusions, and epitactic growth contemporaneous with willemite crystallization. Although rod-like exsolution is known in some geological settings, and an original exsolved phase might have been altered to the present assemblage, some of the elements in that assemblage ( e.g., H, C, Cl, K, and Ca) are incompatible with the willemite structure at any temperature. An origin as fluid inclusions is supported by the shapes of the rods ( i.e. , negative crystals with a hexagonal cross-sections), the presence of phases containing OH, Cl, Ca, K, and CO 3 , and void space visible around solid phases. The tapered shapes of the rods seems inconsistent with epitaxy. We suggest that willemite-generating metasomatic fluids were preserved as inclusions rich in elements incompatible with willemite, and that subsequent conditions led to their crystallization, possibly by reaction with the host. Reaction ceased with complete consumption of the fluid, resulting in relict fluid inclusions that impart color on the macro scale.


Chapter 1: Introduction to the Model of Human Occupation * Section 1: Explaining Human Occupation * Chapter 2: The Basic Concepts of Human Occupation * Chapter 3: The Dynamics of Human Occupation * Chapter 4: Volition * Chapter 5: Habituation: Patterns of Daily Occupation * Chapter 6: Performance capacity and lived body * Chapter 7: The Environment and Human Occupation * Chapter 8: Dimensions of Doing * Chapter 9: Crafting Occupational Life * Chapter 10: Doing and Becoming: Occupational Change and Development Section 2 Applying MOHO: The Therapy Process and Therapeutic Reasoning * Chapter 11: Therapeutic Reasoning: Planning,Implementing and Evaluating the Outcomes of Therapy * Chapter 12: Assessment: Choosing and Using Structured and Unstructured Means of Gathering Information * Chapter 13: Occupation Engagement: How Clients Achieve Change * Chapter 14: Therapeutic Strategies for Enabling Clients Section 3: Assessments: Structured methods for Gathering Client Information * Chapter 15: Observational Assessments * Chapter 16: Self-Reports: Eliciting Client's Perspectives * Chapter 17: Talking With Clients: Assessments That Collect Information * Chapter 18: Assessments Combining Methods of Information Gathering Section 4: Case Illustrations * Chapter 19: Recrafting Occupation Narratives * Chapter 20: Applying MOHO to Clients Who Are Cognitively Impaired <liChapter 21: Facilitating Participation Through Community-Based Interventions * Chapter 22: Enabling Clients to Reconstruct Their Occupational Lives in Long-Term Settings Section 5: Resources for Applying and Developing MOHO * Chapter 23: Communication and Documentation * Chapter 24: Program Development * Chapter 25: Evidence for Practice from the Model of Human Occupation * Chapter 26: Research: Investigating MOHO * Chapter 27: The Model of Human Occupation, the ICF, and the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Connections to Support Best Practice Around the World . *Appendix A: Bibliography *Appendix B: Introduction to the MOHO Clearinghouse and Web Site


Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the role of adiponectin, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children, and to elucidatethe relationship between these adipokines and insulin resistance. Methods: A total of 61 obese children (M : F=42 : 19, mean age 11.2±1.3 years) admitted to our facility between March 2004 and June 2005 were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups based on their NAFLD status obese children without fatty liver (N=23); obese children with simple steatosis (N=20); and obese children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (N=18). The serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, and TNF-α were measured, and insulin resistance determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was calculated to estimate insulin resistance. In addition, the VSR (visceralsubcutaneous fat ratio) was estimated using abdominal computed tomography. Results: There was no difference in serum TNF-α and leptin levels observed between the 3 groups (22.13±6.37 vs. 21.35±6.95 vs. 25.17±9.30; p=0.342 & 20.29±8.57 vs. 16.42±6.85 vs. 20.10±7.86; p=0.330). However, the serum adiponectin level was significantly lower in children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) than in the other two groups (6.08±1.38 in children without steatosis vs. 5.69±0.79 in simple steatosis vs. 4.93± 1.75 in NASH; p=0.026). In addition, the VSR was significantly increased in the NASH group (0.31±0.08 vs. 0.32±0.11 vs. 0.47±0.14; p=0.001), and HOMA-IR revealed a significant difference among the three groups (4.77±3.67 vs. 6.89±7.05 vs. 10.42±6.73; p=0.000). However, there was no significant correlation observed between the adiponectin levels and the HOMA-IR or the VSR (r=󰠏0.117; p=0.450 & r=󰠏0.106; p=0.499). Conclusion: Insulin resistance may affect the development of hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis in children, and the results of this study suggest that, of several adipokines evaluated, adiponectin is important in the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis in obese children. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007; 10: 185∼192)


We study cosmological perturbations in the case in which present-day matter consists of a mixture of inflaton and curvaton decay products. We calculate how the curvaton perturbations are transferred to its decay products in the general case when it does not behave like dust. Taking into account that the decay products of the inflaton can also have perturbations results in an interesting mixture of correlated adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations. In particular, negative correlation can improve the fit to the CMB data by lowering the angular power in the Sachs–Wolfe plateau without changing the peak structure. We do an 11-parameter fit to the WMAP data. We find that the best fit is not the 'concordance model', and that well-fitting models do not cluster around the best fit, so cosmological parameters cannot be reliably estimated. We also find that in our model the mean quadrupole (l = 2) power is l(l+1)Cl/2π = 1081 μK2, much lower than in the pure adiabatic ΛCDM model, which gives 1262 μK2.


Skeleton-based human action recognition with Graph Convolutional Networks is an active research field that has gained increased popularity over the last few years. A challenge in skeleton-based action recognition is the design of a model in a way that captures fine-grained motions and the relations between the movements of different parts of the skeleton towards the recognition of specific actions. In this paper, the use of a set of part-aware graphs for the skeleton representation is proposed aiming to enhance discrimination between actions in the recognition task since each action put emphasis on specific parts of the skeleton. Extensive experimental work has been carried out in a consistent evaluation framework taking into account different combinations of part-aware graphs and feature representations leading to a configuration that achieves the optimal balance. Based upon two well-established datasets, namely NTU RGB+D and NTU RGB+D 120, we demonstrate that the proposed methodology compares favourably with the state-of-the-art. Code is publicly available at: https://github.com/joyios1/Improving-skeleton-based-action-recognition-using-part-aware-graphs-in-a-multi-stream-fusion-context.


This paper mainly based on the CFD platform, numerical simulation of the internal flow field in the open-design vortex pump under different solid particle concentration and particle size is carried out to explore the flow trajectory characteristics of solid particles in the impeller channel and the lateral cavity, as well as the distribution characteristics of solid particles, and calculate the sliding velocity of particles in the impeller channel. The results show that at different solid particle concentrations, the solid volume fraction f in the front and rear cover plate area of the blade is high and that in the middle area is low; The solid volume fraction f decreases gradually from the working face to the back, and the solid particles are widely distributed in the inlet area. Due to the asymmetry of the volute structure, the particle concentration in the inlet area corresponding to the casing tongue is significantly higher than that in other areas; Due to the existence of circulating flow and through flow, the solid particles are distributed in a circular direction in the lateral cavity, and the particle concentration in the middle region is large; In the impeller area corresponding to the casing tongue, the sliding velocity of solid particles decreases with the increase of particle size, and the sliding velocity values of 0.5mm and 1.0mm particle sizes are close.