Abstract The Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO) in Vladivostok, Russia, conducted 12 major biological surveys in the western Bering Sea in 1986–1995. During these surveys, sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka were sampled with a new pelagic trawl. We used salmon catch, age and growth, and diet data from the TINRO surveys to evaluate the role of sockeye salmon in the structure and function of pelagic communities in the western Bering Sea. Estimates of abundance (numbers and biomass) showed large annual and seasonal fluctuations in the western Bering Sea. Immature and maturing sockeye salmon migrated to the western Bering Sea in late spring from their winter (December–May) feeding grounds in the North Pacific Ocean. Maturing sockeye salmon were distributed in the western Bering Sea from June to early August before returning to their natal spawning rivers. In late August, smolts (age n.0, where the n indicates an ocean-age cohort and zero indicates the number of ocean annuli) began...


This chapter deals with cell surface proteins in two Candida species, C. albicans and C. glabrata, and in their nonpathogenic relative Saccharomyces cerevisiae, specifically focusing on the diversity and function of proteins implicated in adherence of the yeasts to each other or to other surfaces, including host cells. The most extensively studied family of adhesins in any Candida species is the one corresponding to the C. albicans
ALS gene family, which includes eight family members. Two adhesins in family IV have similarity to the protein corresponding to DAN1 in S. cerevisiae, another subtelomeric adhesin whose expression is regulated by oxygen availability in the environment. Mass spectrometry was identify covalently linked cell wall proteins (CWPs), including adhesins, on the surface of C. glabrata. In total, five adhesins were detected: Epa6 and four uncharacterized proteins that were subsequently named Awp1 to -4 (adhesin-like wall protein). The FLO genes play essential roles during flocculation, a process by which yeast cells bind to the mannose residues on the surface of neighboring cells, forming clusters of cells called flocs, and sediment. CWPs are key to the interaction of fungi with the environment, and not surprisingly, changes within the CWP repertoire accompany the evolutionary adaptation to a particular niche. The relatively limited repertoire of FLO genes in S. cerevisiae primarily serves to mediate yeast-yeast interactions that adapt it to growth in communities/biofilms as well as to respond to nutritional cues.


Background Anemia in chronic renal failure (CRF) has been proved to influence the quality of life, increasing morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and prompt treatments of anemia are mandatory to manage CRF appopriately. So far data of anemia in CRF in Indonesia is limited. Objective To find out the profile of anemia in children with CRF at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH), Jakarta, with special attention in erythrocyte indices and iron deficiency anemia. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on patients with CRF and anemia in CMH since October 2003 to April 2004. Results There were 20 CRF patients, aged between 1 year 3 month15 year old, mostly were above 10 year old, 11 patients were males and 9 were females. The most frequent etiologies were urinary tract infection (UTI) in 10 cases and nephrotic syndrome in 6 cases. Of those 20 patients, 14 suffered from anemia with erythrocyte indices, normochrome normocytic in 9 patients and hypochrome microcytic in 5 patients. Of 14 anemic patients only 1 patient suffered from iron deficiency anemia of less than 10 mg/l and transferin saturation of less than 12%. Based on serum iron (SI) concentration only, 7 patients were diagnosed as having iron deficiency anemia. Conclusion Most patients with chronic renal failure have normochrome normocytic anemia. Hypochromic microcytic iron deficiency anemia is scarcely found in this group of patients. [Paediatr Indones 2006;46:154-158].


This paper utilized the Boundary Element Method (BEM) combined with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based on Lighthill's analogy in the high-speed train model, and converted the fluctuating flow pressure near the vehicle's surface into the dipole source boundary condition in acoustics grid, eventually succeeded in completing the numerical simulation of aerodynamic noise field outside the high-speed train by introducing the dipole source boundary condition into the train BEM model. The results show that the main aerodynamic noise controlling area is 15-20 meters away from the track center line in the horizontal direction, and the Sound Press Level (SPL) is 63-72dB.


Corrosion is usually behind the failure and damage of complex pipeline configurations. Corrosion is caused by the oxidation of carbon steel pipe wall. The pipelines always contain fittings such as elbows. Corrosion rates are higher in elbows than in straight sections due to the complex flow in elbows. The objective of this study is to develop a general mathematical model to predict mass transfer controlled corrosion rate in complex pipeline configurations of petroleum refinery applications using commercially available Computational Fluid Dynamic code. The numerical calculations are performed for the three-dimensional turbulent multi-phase flows through complex pipeline configurations. A mass transfer model is used to calculate the transfer of hydrogen sulfide species from the flow to the pipe wall and is extended to calculate corrosion rates. The prediction model is validated using the available experimental data from open literature. Generally, the comparison between model predictions and experimental data showed good agreement. The present model is applied to the case study of a complex pipeline configuration which exists in Assiut Oil Refining Company (ASORC) to determine corrosion rates qualitatively and quantitatively. The effect of different parameters such as inlet velocities, water volume fractions and concentration of species (i.e. hydrogen sulfide) on corrosion are investigated. The effect of location of elbows is taken into consideration as well. It was found that increasing the inlet velocity and water volume fraction in the pipeline increases corrosion rate. It is also found that elbows have great effect on the flow field, and thus on the distribution of corrosion rates. The maximum corrosion in elbows always occurs at the outer surface of the elbows at the exit.


"The purpose of playing… is to hold, as 't were, the mirror up to nature, to show virtue her feature, scorn her own image, and the very age and body of the time his form and pressure" (Hamlet, 3.2.20-24). In his hagiographic treatment of the life of Sir Philip Sidney, Fulke Greville presents the last events in his hero's existence as constituting a particularly exemplary "tragedy"; he celebrates Sidney's generosity towards a common soldier in need of water, his endurance in suffering pain, and his careful "fashioning" of his soul to meet death when the end appeared inevitable.


Abstract Comparability techniques have been applied operationally to processing meteorological measurements. Examples of comparability statistics are presented for both typical and atypical (instrument problem) situations. The comparability techniques have been successfully applied to provide the basis for realtime validation of data. The application has particular advantage in the support of emergency response. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has been developing a standard recommended practice for determining the operational comparability of meteorological measurements. This standard is based on the work of W. Hoehne of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We have adapted some of the techniques of this practice here for realtime application in an operational monitoring program. NUS Corporation has incorporated the adapted techniques into the data processor at a meteorological tower. The original NOAA techniques were aimed at assessing the precision and accurac...


The study analyzed resource use efficiency in Cowpea in Odeda Local Government area of Ogun State.
Primary sources of data were used which was obtained with the aid of well structured questionnaire from 90 respondents.
Data collected were analyzed with descriptive statistics, regression model, cost and return analysis to determine the profitability level of cowpea farmers.
Data from socio - economic characteristics of the farmer indicate that majority of the farmer are educated married and have large household size.
The cost and return analysis shows that cowpea is a profitable enterprise which brings about Total revenue of N79522.67 when the total cost incurred is N24,809.23 and profit / ha of land is N53640.62 profitability percentage indicates that family labour has the highest percentage of 65.93% because most families made use of family labour in the production process while herbicide has the least percentage of 0.02% which shows that most of the farmers did not use herbicides at all on their farm.
In the regression model linear function was chosen because it has the three parameters which are significant i.e. farm size significant at 1% while Quantity of seed and hired labour are significant at 5%. The cowpea regression output indicates that farm size and quantity of seed contributed greatly to cowpea enterprises.


Aim: Although women tend to live longer than men, they are more prone to a poorer overall health
status or frailty. Several factors have been considered that could explain why women are more frail
than men, among others the decreased hormonal production associated with older age. Therefore,
the aim of this study was to explore the association of sexual hormones and menopausal status with
frailty.


Intralesional ligation was used to treat 3 vascular malformation patients who were considered unsuitable to be treated with surgical resection or other methods currently being used. Intraoperative intralesional injection of Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate (STS) was also performed in 2 patients. Improvement in both symptoms and size of the lesions were achieved in all 3 cases postoperatively. The postoperative morbidities were soft tissue swelling, pain, hemorrhage and ischemic erosion of the overlying skin. Thess signs subsided completely within two weeks after operation and the skin erosion healed spontaneously. There was no loss of vital tissue and no need for reconstructive procedure. The initial encouraging results discloses that intralesional ligation is safe and effective and is one of the alternative method for the management of this trobulesome clinical problem.


In addition of monitoring the environment of interest, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system can be utilized to actively monitor possible suspicious wireless communications in vicinity. To this end, we propose a proactive eavesdropping scheme wherein a full-duplex (FD) monitor eavesdrops suspicious communication while sending the collected information to the UAV. Our objective is to maximize the eavesdropping capability, while satisfying a certain quality-of- service requirement in a UAV network. In the case where FD monitor is equipped with single transmit/receive antennas, we propose semi- analytical solutions for the UAV altitude and monitor transmit power, whereas in the case of multiple transmit and single receive antennas, a joint optimization problem to determine the transmit beamformer, UAV altitude, and monitor transmit power is efficiently solved using semi- definite relaxation approach. Simulation results show that significant performance improvements can be achieved through optimization. Moreover, achievable performance gains highly depend on the system parameters such as the user zone, maximum monitor transmission power, and the strength of the residual self-interference.


ABSTRACT Geospatial data catalogs enable users to discover and access geographical information. Prevailing solutions are document oriented and fragment the spatial continuum of the geospatial data into independent and disconnected resources described through metadata. Due to this, the complete answer for a query may be scattered across multiple resources, making its discovery and access more difficult. This paper proposes an improved information retrieval process for geospatial data catalogs that aggregates the search results by identifying the implicit spatial/thematic relations between the metadata records of the resources. These aggregations are constructed in such a way that they match better the user query than each resource individually.


A new format for the "senior seminar" is described. Rather than having students and guest speakers present seminars on a miscellany of topics, we find it productive to organize presentations and written papers around a common topic. In addition, the first "presentation" given by each student is actually a student-led discussion. All students in the seminar are required to read the paper being discussed. In the second term, each student gives a formal presentation based upon more extensive literature research. These changes result in more active participation by all students, a continuous reinforcement of the selected topic, and much more lively discussions than we have had in the past.


BACKGROUND
Classical cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF) including oral cyclophosphamide is still considered an important adjuvant chemotherapy regimen in patients with early breast cancer (BC). Concern has been raised regarding the feasibility of this regimen, especially in postmenopausal patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
254 pre- and post-menopausal node-positive BC patients aged < or = 70 years received six cycles of CMF in the context of a Belgian multicentric phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy. CMF dose and schedule were as follows: cyclophosphamide 100 mg/m2 p.o. on days 1 to 14, methotrexate 40 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) on days 1 and 8, 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/ml i.v. on days 1 and 8; cycles q. 28 days. The relative dose intensity (RDI) was calculated as the ratio between the delivered DI and the planned DI. We also analysed the RDI in two subgroups of patients with age > or = 50 years or < 50 years.

RESULTS
Overall, the percentage of patients ending the six cycles of the planned CMF regimen was 90%. The mean RDI achieved in the population of 254 patients was 90% (range 8% to 129%). The subgroup analysis of patients aged > or = 50 years and < 50 years showed that 81% and 76% of patients, respectively, received > or = 80% of the planned chemotherapy dose intensity (P = 0.33). No statistically significant difference was found between the percentage of patients who received a RDI < 80% and the participating institutions (P = 0.50).

CONCLUSIONS
The classical CMF regimen was a feasible regimen in the context of a multicentric trial, in which academic institutions as well as community hospitals participated. No substantial differences in RDI and cumulative doses were found in relation to a patient's age and the participating institution.


Phosphorus is a critical constituent of bone as a component of hydroxyapatite. Bone mineral content accrues rapidly early in life necessitating a positive phosphorus balance, which could be established by a combination of increased renal reabsorption and intestinal absorption. Intestinal absorption can occur via a transcellular pathway mediated by the apical sodium‐phosphate cotransporter, Slc34a2/NaPiIIb or via the paracellular pathway. We sought to determine how young mammals increase dietary phosphorus absorption from the small intestine to establish a positive phosphorus balance, a prerequisite for rapid bone growth.


The low-frequency noise (LFN) in the subthreshold region of both n- and p-type gate-all-around silicon nanowire transistors (SNWTs) is investigated. The measured drain-current noise spectral density shows that the LFN in this regime can be well described by the mobility-fluctuation model due to the volume-inversion conduction behavior, and the Hooge parameter is extracted. The LFN in the SNWTs with channels oriented in lang010rang and lang110rang directions is compared. It shows that the observed mobility enhancement in the lang010rang direction for p-type transistors leads to a corresponding increase of the LFN level in the lang010rang direction compared with that in the lang110rang direction.


Plants and photosynthetic bacteria hold protein molecular complexes that can efficiently harvest photons. This article presents fundamental studies to harness photochemical activities of photosynthetically active protoplast extracted from Arabidopsis plants. The conversion of photonic energy into electrical energy was characterized in the presence and absence of light. The photoinduced reactions of photosynthesis were measured using a patch clamp measurement system at a constant voltage. The optical characterization was also performed on the extracted protoplast. It showed absorption bands at a number of wavelengths. The current–voltage measurements done on protoplast extracts showed two orders of magnitude increase in current from dark to light conditions. The absorbance measurements showed very large bandwidth for extracted protoplasts. The analysis of the optical data measurements showed that protein complexes obtained from photosynthetic cells overcame the limitation of traditional organic solar cells that cannot absorb light in the visible-near infrared spectrum. The demonstration of electrical power scavenging from the protoplast of the plant can open avenues for bio–inspired and bio-derived power with better quantum electrical efficiency.


Long text labels is a known challenge in information visualizations. There are some techniques used in order to solve this problem like setting a very small font size. On the other hand, sometimes the font size is so small that the text can be difficult to read. Wrapping sentences, dropping letters and text truncation are some techniques do deal with this problem. In order to investigate a solution for labeling long words we ran a study on how people create and interpret word abbreviations. Based on the study data we designed a new algorithm to automatically make words as short as they need to fit the text. Examples applications of this algorithm are presented in this paper.


Anniasari TD, Putri RBA, Muliawati ES. 2016. The use of BA and NAA to stimulate shoot formation of longan (Dimocarpus longan) by in vitro. Bioteknologi 13: 43-53. Indonesia is a place which is rich in tropical fruit plants. One of them is longan. The domestic needs of this fruit is more and more increase. This condition force the emergence of the import longan to fulfill the needs of the longan fruit in large quantities. Therefore, the efforts to increase the longan production are needed. There is an obstruction in the propagation of longan, is the expensive of seed price. To fulfill the demand of longan seed, could be done by effort of multiplication using tissue culture method. In multiplication method of longan with tissue culture need the plant growing regulator. This research was aimed to find out the combination of the exact concentration from the plant growing regulator on stimulating the shoot formation of longan. This research used Completely Randomize Design which consisted of two factors were arranged by factorial. First factor was the BA concentration consisted of: without BA, 0,5 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, and 3 ppm. Second factor was the NAA concentrations which consisted of four levels: without NAA, 0,5 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, and 3 ppm. Then, the data was analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the combination of BA concentration 2 ppm concentration and NAA concentration 1 ppm gave the best result at the callus texture, callus color, and callus size. All treatments have not been able to stimulate the shoot formation of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour).


Most of the roads constructed in Ethiopia fail prematurely before serving the design life due to various causes arising from many factors. One of these roads failed before reaching design life time is the Dessie Komblcha road. Traffic system is most permanent problem of many countries but our country loses many life and money each day the main reason for this lose is pavement distress. Similarly our study areas have many damaged and distressed roads. Even if the government is under constitutional obligation to supply this basic social and economic service it's the most voice less problem of our country. The main aim of the research will be assessment of pavement failure and rehabilitation measurements along Dessies Kombolcha high way measurement in Dessie town. To make help full situation for this problem we will use the following methods the first method will be collecting information and data from the previous works and research. Then collecting samples from the study area analysis it on laboratory; it will have an interview with people some ideas making a help full job regarding with the asphalt distress. In this paper the following results will be expected; those are factors of pavement failure; project will also provide additional inputs for construction advisers participate in the road maintenance.


Prior content analyzes have highlighted the pervasiveness of gender-stereotyped portrayals and the underrepresentation of female characters in television programming. The present study is the first to examine gender representations in television shows specifically targeted at preschool-age children, which is a period when children are developing their understandings about gender. The sampled programs included three episodes each from 34 current shows. We compared female and male characters for number of total characters and lead characters (either mostly male, mostly female, or mixed). In addition, we analyzed the relative rates that female or male characters were depicted in the following: talking, speech (suggestions or support), aggression, gender-typed activities, and gender-typed appearance. Overall, the findings indicate preschool television perpetuates many gender stereotypes. However, some trends were less likely in programs with mostly female characters. Also, gender-stereotypical representations may be less pervasive in preschool-age programs than those previously indicated in content analyses of shows aimed at older children.


[Abstract] Exosomes actively secreted by prostate cancer cells are mediators of signal transduction between prostate tumor cells and mesenchymal cells, and they can promote the progress of prostate cancer by altering the microenvironment of primary tumors and metastasis tumors. In particular, exosomes participate in various molecular events related to prostate cancer progress by carrying bioactive molecules, such as RNAs and proteins. Therefore, exosomes and their carrying molecules are expected to be novel biomarkers for predicting the progress of prostate cancer and therapeutic targets of prostate cancer. In recent years, there are many researches in the field of prostate cancer-derived exosomes which have shown great values in predicting and preventing the progress of prostate cancer, and this review sums up the current advances. [Key words] exosomes; prostatic neoplasms; neoplasm progress; neoplasm metastasis [Acad J Sec Mil Med Univ, 2018, 39(7): 704-710]


Prologue: The nations hospitals are undergoing a period of turbulent changes as a consequence of multiple new pressures: Medicares prospective payment system, increasing efforts by physicians to maintain their patients in ambulatory, rather than inpatient, settings, and the aggressive promotion of alternative delivery modes. In this essay, professor Karen Davis, chairman of the Department of Health Policy and Management at The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, and her colleagues report that hospital costs have indeed moderated as a consequence of these new forces. The cost moderation has come as a consequence of a sharp decline in the admission of patients, particularly those under age sixty-five and decline in the length-of-stay of elderly hospital patients. The important question now, as the authors declare, is whether these recent utilization trends will continue, whether they will level off or begin to increase. Davis was, in essence, the Carter administrations health polic...


The structure change of bismuth during the liquid-supercool-solid (LSS) transition process was studied by using the energy scanning X-ray method. Through the LSS process, the position of the first peak in the radial distribution function (RDF) moves inside and the coordination number becomes smaller. Subpeaks on the right hand side of the first peak become more pronounced and they are growing up to the figure just before the solidification, which characterized RDF pattern like solid's. These results were compared with the quasicrystalline model assuming the mixed structure of a hexagonal structure and a rhombohedral one. Consequently, it is suggested that there exists a pre-crystalline state with the rhombohedral structure not the same but similar to the solid one just before the solidification. By distorting slightly the pre-crystalline structure, we could simulate the solidification process.


The effect of different nitrogen fertilizers on dynamic transformation of phosphorus fertilizer in calcareous soil was studied in indoor incubation experiments. The results showed that except ammonium nitrate,all nitrogen fertilizers decreased soil available phosphorus content,especially calcium nitrate and urea;and that all nitrogen fertilizers decreased soil water soluble phosphorus content,but the effect of ammonium nitrate was less than that of the others;and that difference in soil water soluble phosphorus among these different nitrogen fertilizers was biggest great on the fifteenth incubation day,with calcium nitrate and urea was less than that of ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate.But with time going on except ammonium nitrate,the difference became little.


Phenol hydrogenation over the Pd/ZrO2 catalyst has been carried out using ethanol as hydrogen source. The reaction temperature, catalyst and ethanol quantity are found to be influencing factors for effective phenol conversion. In all cases, low quantity (5%~10%) of ethanol and high temperature is efficient for a high phenol conversion. The results show that low quantity (5%~10%) of ethanol is efficient for high cyclohexanone selectivity at low temperature (573K). However, the selectivity of cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol and cyclohexane are insensitive to the ethanol quantity at high temperature (653K). It seems that ethanol plays an important dual role: as hydrogen source and as additive to control the phenol conversion and products selectivity.


Chapter 2 presents an overview of forensic mental health assessments and their deployment within the criminal justice system. This chapter describes how forensic mental health assessments are conducted, the multiple steps taken in the course of these assessments, and the challenges and tensions associated with providing them within the criminal justice system. In addition, it delineates their distinctive nature and how they differ from clinical evaluations and mental health treatment. This chapter also discusses a key question that frequently arises in conjunction with these assessments, namely, distinguishing a genuine report of a mental disorder and its impact from malingering (i.e., the faking of an illness), and strategies for making this distinction.


Morals ought to shape humanity, cultivate virtues and make the good come true. But, during Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, the ideological system featured by authoritarianism whose core was the traditional feudal ethical code had been strength-ened by the official authorities' ideology; humanism and subjectivity implicit in traditional morals were increasingly fading away; moral philosophy and behavior of modern orientation were seen as heresies; the morals increasingly placed absolute emphasis up-on the norms, heading for the direction opposite to human beings. A Dream of the Red Chamber profoundly criticizes the phenom-ena of moral alienation that morals turned humans into material objects and instruments, that morals departed from the virtuous, and that moral behavior deviated from the good when feudalism was on the decline. Also, it expresses the yearning that morals return to humans, to the virtuous and to the good before it predicts the moral reconstruction which takes people as the most fundamental.


Powder diffraction data are presented for 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine hydrochloride monohydrate, the hydrated form of MDMA.HCl, the drug of abuse commonly known as Ecstasy. Samples of pure MDMA.HCl were recrystallized from a variety of solvents, and powder diffraction patterns of the resulting products recorded. Data were collected at room temperature using iron-filtered CoKα radiation.


Part 1: Print Media in Antebellum America 1. The Aura of Print 2. Religion, Imagery, and Cultural Conflict Part 2: New Visual Media and the Marketplace 3. Consumption and Religious Images 4. Parlors and Kitchens: Visual Practice and American Homes 5. Pictorial Entertainment and Instruction 6. Seeing in Public: America as Imagined Community Part 3: The Power and Menace of Images 7. Facing the Sacred: Image and Charisma 8. Back to Nature


Copper ion (Cu2+) is one of the heavy metal ions that cause environmental pollution specifically in water. Copper ion cations are not
biodegradable and tend to cumulate in living organisms. Consequently, the removal of Cu2+ in environmental samples plays an important
role in environmental pollution monitoring. The purpose of the present work was to prepare oxidized Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tubes
(MWCNTs) for removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. This study was conducted under laboratory conditions. Multi-Walled Carbon
Nano Tubes were oxidized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and
the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) methods. The effects of various factors, such as solution pH (3 - 9), adsorbent dose (0.006 - 0.06 g)
and contact time (10 - 120 minutes) were investigated. Results showed that the suitable pH for Cu2+ ions removal was about 6.0, and the
optimal dose was 0.03 g. Isotherm studies indicated that the Langmuir model fits the experimental data better than the Freundlich model.
Maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity was calculated as 200 mg g-1. The kinetics of the adsorption process was tested for the pseudo-firstorder
and pseudo-second-order models. The comparison among the models showed that the pseudo-second order model best described
the adsorption kinetics. The results showed that oxidized MWCNTs can be used as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ ions from
aqueous solutions.


There is inconsistent for certain scientific terms of medical microbiology in different version of the translation from Latin or English into Chinese. The rational terms in Chinese, such as bacteria genus of Salmonella, Yersinia, Escherichia, Shigella, Neisseria, Brucella, Klebsiella, Pasteurella, Bordetella, Francisella, Bacillus ,Rickettsia, Coxiella, Bartonella, Mycoplasma,as well as Widal test ,Gram stain ,Gram-positive bacteria, bacterial spore, "pathogen biology", atypical pneumonia and serious acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are discussed.


A facility for the exposure of miniature swine to vertical, 60-Hz, 30-kV/m electrical fields has been constructed. Exposed and sham-exposed colonies of swine are housed in separate, environmentally equivalent buildings. The electric field uniformity over the area of a swine stall is ±2.5% at ground-level and ±8% at the maximum height of a swine. The swine are not subject to spark discharges. The current between a drinking swine and its water nozzle is less than 20 ¿A. No levels of audible noise, hum, vibration, or ozone attributable to the high-voltage system have been detected. The total electric field harmonic distortion is 0.5%.


In response to the limitations of comtemporary database management systems in addressing the requirements of many potential application environments, and in view of the characteristics of emerging ...


It is challenging to design a large field of view (FOV) and low F-number optical system, especially an eyepiece for head-mounted displays (HMD), which also demands compactness in size, lightness in weight and a large exit pupil distance. In this paper, we describe a novel design of a wide FOV free-form eyepiece by tiling multiple wedge-shaped free-form prisms. We compared our tiling method using the novel free-form prism eyepieces with a traditional tiling approach and the drawbacks of the traditional tiling method are analyzed. We further present a successive approximation method for designing a freeform surface and compare the accuracy of several surface conversion methods. An example design was also demonstrated.


3512 Background: We previously reported the results of the JCOG0205 study, which indicated that D2/D3 lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant fluoropyrimidine (F) monotherapy resulted in better ...


Previous studies on the anopheline microbiome indicate that there is no natural obligate endosymbiont in the Anopheles genus, which is in contrast to what has been observed in some Aedes species that are susceptible to Wolbachia. This susceptibility, along with the fact that colonized mosquitoes are refractory to dengue virus infection, represents an exciting potential new form of biocontrol for arboviral diseases, including dengue. Strains of Wolbachia, deliberately introduced into Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, have been shown a capacity to spread in high frequencies within mosquito populations in release trials, and mosquitoes infected with these strains have shown markedly reduced vector competence2,3,4. In Anopheles, it is possible that secondary symbionts may have become recently more susceptible to anophelines and are, therefore, not obligate5, although they may fulfill a role in host biology and susceptibility to Plasmodium6. Wermelinger's letter also highlights the need to consider methodological principles that should guide control interventions, with an emphasis on integrated vector management. This appears possible using Wolbachia in Ae. aegypti since Wolbachia also blocks other circulating arboviruses such as Chikungunya and Zika viruses6,7. Regarding Anopheles, only Plasmodium parasites are transmitted, making it difficult to plan joint control strategies involving other diseases.


Web spam detection is one of the most important and challenging tasks in web search. Since web spam pages tend to have a lot of spurious links, many web spam detection algorithms exploit the hyperlink structure between the web pages to detect the spam pages. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the link structure of web spam using real-world web graphs to systemically investigate the characteristics of the link-based web spam. By exploring the structure of the page-level graph as well as the site-level graph, we propose a scalable site-level seeding methodology for the Anti-TrustRank (ATR) algorithm. The key idea is to map a website into a feature space where we learn a classifier to prioritize the websites so that we can effectively select a set of good seeds for the ATR algorithm. This seeding method enables the ATR algorithm to detect the largest number of spam pages among the competitive baseline methods. Furthermore, we design work-efficient asynchronous ATR algorithms which are able to significantly reduce the computational cost of the traditional ATR algorithm without degrading the performance in detecting spam pages while guaranteeing the convergence.


Although the undergraduate tutor system has been implemented for several years,but its effects are still far from being satisfactory,which is the result of the lack of corresponding tutor systems.Therefore,only by reforming the corresponding systems such as standardizing tutor selection,crystallizing tutor responsibilities,stipulating reasonably students obligations,providing assessment and evaluation methods,introducing effective motivation,supervising training process can the efficiency of tutor system be basically improved.


The view through theWestern window on African realities is rendered filmy and distorted by a lack of cultural relativism. The literature that Westerners consume regarding a variety of countries in Africa greatly simplify and misrepresent the diverse cultures and histories of this continent: from the "greats," such as Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, which gives one the impression that all of Africa is a dark and cannibalistic continent, to the common, such as Gary Larson's Far Side series, which characterizes Africans as pierced and be-feathered bushmen with offensively exaggerated noses, lips, and buttocks (nineteenth-century caricatures of the Hottentot Venus come to mind) whose most challenging intellectual pursuits consist of evading the appetites of sub-Saharan wildlife.


In this paper we present a method for automatic video segmentation of RGB-D video streams provided by combined colour and depth sensors like the Microsoft Kinect. To this end, we combine position and normal information from the depth sensor with colour information to compute temporally stable, depth-adaptive superpixels and combine them into a graph of strand-like spatiotemporal, depth-adaptive supervoxels. We use spectral graph clustering on the supervoxel graph to partition it into spatiotemporal segments. Experimental evaluation on several challenging scenarios demonstrates that our two-layer RGB-D video segmentation technique produces excellent video segmentation results.


binding of insulin to its cell surface receptor induces phosphorylation of specific tyrosyl residues within the intracellular domain of the receptor j3-subunit


Thank you very much for reading the intersystem model integrating theory and practice. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this the intersystem model integrating theory and practice, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


The effects of iron-free lactoferrin (apo-LF) and several metal-bound forms of this protein (Fe-LF, Cu-LF, Zn-LF) on the growth of Bifidobacterium strains, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. Apo-LF, Cu-LF and Zn-LF inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. The growth inhibitory effect of Cu-LF and Zu-LF was much stronger than that of apo-LF, while Fe-LF was ineffective or only slightly effective. On the other hand, apo-LF, Cu-LF and Fe-LF promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium strains, as indicated by both an increase in culture OD and an increase in the number of viable cells. This growth-promoting effect disappeared when LF was hydrolyzed by pancreatin.


The question of laser beam propagation in a disturbed atmosphere has been considered. In this paper an overview is presented of the sensitivity of beam propagation to turbulence in the neutral atmosphere. Using the lateral coherence length as a measure of beam modification, the variation of the coherence length is considered as a function of a variety of fluid parameters that characterize the disturbed and turbulent atmosphere. It was found that subsonic turbulence occurring with densities representative of the ambient atmosphere at 80 km could produce significant effects on the propagation of a laser beam.


The theoretical basis of the electronic educational resources is considered, in which selected resources are applied, which are applied in the education in Geography and economics and Tourism. What are ICT's and their application? This is the main task of any teacher who has many applicable multimedia technologies, each subject. Guidelines for preparation, result and evaluation by the audience for making presentations in certain subjects, in the fields of Geography and Economics and lessons in Tourism, for the high school stage are described. A survey was conducted with the opinion and assessment of the trained representatives. The final grade of the teacher's presentation was given by the students.


Rural Bank one of the institutions about providing loans to certain conditions and criteria. Credit Analysis takes time and funds are not cheap so we need an appropriate method for analyzing prospective credit customers.Data Mining is one method that can be used to analyze existing data chunks that can be used to summarize the data provide specific information related to the data. Data Mining classification of a decision tree algorithm C4.5 is used in forming the rules of the statement. Decision tree model was able to improve the accuracy in analyzing the credit worthiness of the proposed prospective credit customers. The richer the information or knowledge contained by the training data, the accuracy of the decision tree will increase. And implementation can be done using one of the Visual Basic programming language. Keywords: credit customer behavior, Data Mining, C4.5 Algorithm


The deposits of the Vikulov suite of the Krasnoleninsky arch are highly productive, characterized by a complex geological structure. Herewith, a large number of deposits are drilled with a rare grid of wells, and often extremely uneven, which results in a significant lack of empirical information for constructing an adequate three-dimensional geological or hydrodynamic model.


Objective To examine for the first time the antidepression activity of extract of Heshouwu(Radix Polygoni Multiflori).Methods Male Kunming mice were divided into groups(each n=10).The aqueous extract and ethanol(75%) extract of Heshouwu and fluoxetine hydrochloride(FH) were all dissolved or suspended in 0.5% CMC-Na to reach to desired concentration.The doses of aqueous extract were 1.5 g/kg and 3 g/kg respectively,and ethanol extract,also 1.5 g/kg and 3 g/kg respectively,and dose of FH was 10 mg/kg.Equivalent dose of 0.5% CMC-Na was given to model group.All groups were intragastrically given corresponding medicinals once a day for 7 days.After the last time of giving medicinals for one hour,the tail suspension test(TST),forced swimming test(FST) and open field test(OFT) were conducted in mice.Results The aqueous extract(1.5 g/kg and 3 g/kg) shortened significantly the dead time in TST and FST(P0.05) showing a good dose-effect relation.There was no significant difference compared with FH(P0.05).The ethanol extract(1.5 g/kg and 3 g/kg) had no significant differences in the changes of the dead time in TST and FST(P0.05).The comparison of crossing times in OFT was not different among all groups(P0.05).Conclusion It is proved for the first time that the aqueous extract of Heshouwu has antidepression activity,while its ethanol extract had no under an established medicinal administration plan.


Background: In the present study, calcinosis cutis (CC) is defined as the deposition of amorphous calcium and phosphate salts under epidermis and it may be caused by a pre-existing event such as extravasation injury or hypercalcemic conditions. Idiopathic CC cases have no underlying disease or pre-existing cause. Aim: A demostrative vulvar idiopathic CC case presentation and review of the related literature. Methods: A 42-year-old multiparous female presented with vulvar nodular masses. She was keen on surgical removal of the lesions, as the masses caused dyscomfort during sexual intercourse. The lesions were removed and sent for histopathological examination. There was neither a history of trauma nor any inflammatory process in the vulvar skin prior to the development of lesions and no systemic abnormality was detected. Results and Conclusions: The histhopathologic evaluation of the biopsy specimen showed amorphous calcium deposits without any inflammatory infiltration in the dermis. There was no recurrence at 1 year's follow-up. This case shows that idiopathic CC may develop slowly at labio-vulvar region in a sexually active female with normal systemic or laboratory findings


Faith leaders, faith-based organisations and local faith communities play a major role in the protection of people affected by conflict, disaster and displacement. Humanitarians, however, have only recently begun to fully appreciate the depth, scope and variety of protection work being done by faith actors and the complex interrelationships between faith and protection


The synthesis and photophysical properties of two new FRET pairs based on coumarin as a donor and DBD dye as an acceptor are described. The introduction of a bromo atom dramatically increases the two-photon excitation (2PE) cross section providing a 2PE-FRET system, which is also suitable for 2PE-FLIM.


In the past few decades, the use of vaccines for disease prevention in aquaculture has expanded. Some important disease causing bacteria such as Vibrio sp., Aeromonas sp. and Yersinsa sp. have been controlled with the use of vaccines. This is especially true with the use of adjuvant that helped in the control of Frunkulosis in Fish. There are other studies that reported positive result with the control of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases using inactive and live inoculums as well as DNA technology. Furthermore, routes of administration by injection, immersion and oral delivery of vaccine will also be discussed in this review.


Techniques for teaching communication skills to engineering students of the Millennial Generation are reviewed. A detailed outline of the characteristics of the Millennial Generation are described and compared to the traits of other generations. The Millennial Generation has several distinct characteristics such as developing inclusive relationships, tolerating authority, and leading by collaboration. This contrasts with the characteristics of the Baby Boomers and Generation X (the majority of professors and the students' parents); however, the characteristics align closely with the Traditionalist Generation (higher administration and the students' grandparents). Strategies for working among the generations are detailed resulting in the creation of an understanding of how to teach to the Millennial Generation. In order to aid the understanding, lesson plans which focus on creating a learner-centered environment are detailed. The lesson plans include objectives, strategies, content, activities, assessment techniques, and ABET alignment. The topics include team building, effective meetings, a term project, writing skills, and speaking skills. Team building illustrates why and how a team achieves its objectives. Example activities include the development of a team charter. The effective meetings lesson plan details techniques on how to teach students project management skills. Criteria for developing term projects to match the Millennial Generation characteristics are detailed, and an example which also includes K-12 outreach activities is presented. The lesson plan for speaking and writing skills defines grading rubrics for the evaluation and assessment of technical writing and presentations. This work has been in development and implemented for nearly five years in a junior level, multidisciplinary course entitled, Engineering Communications, at the University of Nevada, Reno. The lesson plans are evaluated based on course evaluations, industry interviews, case studies, and an alumni survey.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


This paper holds that China's construction engineering project management should clear the relationship among enginerring construction porject investor, operator, user and organizer, puts forward the necessity of agent construction system in the project management. The author induces the source, meaning and theoretical basis of the agent-construction project management, and analyzes application Status of the agent construction management in China. At last, the author designs the mode of agent-construction project management according to the construction stage and the project financing.


Introduction: Heart disease is one of the most commonly known diseases around the world. Aim: This study aims to investigate the status of sexual satisfaction with marital stress, matital satisfaction and psychological symptoms of coronary artery bypass patients and their relationship. Method: This study is descriptive-correlational. The sample of this study was a group of 300 people who were selected in a targeted way among cabg heart patients who were referred to Tehran Heart Hospital to participate in a rehabilitation program. Hudson Sexual Satisfaction, Anrich 47, Tehran Stockholm Marital Stress and Dass 21 Questionnaires were used for data collection. Pearson Descriptive and Correlative Statistics and spss-24 Multivariable Regression were used for analysis. Results: In the findings of this study, there was a reverse and significant correlation between sexual satisfaction and depression, stress, anxiety and marital stress, but there was no significant correlation between sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction. The result of Multiple Regression Analysis showed that marital satisfaction, marital stress, anxiety, depression and stress structures can explain 0.01% of changes in sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: It can be said that by controlling each of these components, other psychological components will be affected.


This study has examined the effect of credit risk on performance of Nepalese commercial banks. The descriptive and causal comparative research designs have been adopted for the study. The pooled data of 14 commercial banks for the period 2010 to 2015 have been analyzed using regression model. The regression results revealed that 'non-performing loan ratio' has negative effect on bank performance whereas 'cost per loan assets' has positive effect on bank performance. In addition to credit risk indicators, bank size has positive effect on bank performance. Capital adequacy ratio and cash reserve are not considered as the influencing variables on bank performance. This study concludes that there is significant relationship between bank performance and credit risk indicators.


The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(C12H8N2)3](I3)2, contains one [Co(1,10-phenanthroline)3]2+ cation, half each of two centrosymmetric triiodide anions, and one complete triiodide anion. The title compound was synthesized solvothermally from Co(NO3)2, 1,10-phenanthroline, and SnI2, where the SnI2 reagent serves only as a source of I atoms.


Abstract This article reflects on Józef Tischner's changing concepts of Europe from the mid 1980s until the late 1990s in the context of Polish discourses on Europe in the second half of the 20th century. It is argued that the Polish adoption of democracy in 1989 had a tremendous impact on the image of Europe as shaped by Tischner. In the 1980s – in the face of social and economic agony – the 'priest of Solidarność' draws upon the Romantic and messianistic imagery of Poland as the 'bulwark of Christianity'. He therefore claims Polish moral and spiritual superiority not only over the Soviet Union but over Central and Western Europe as well. Hence, Tischner does not engage in myths of Central European unity frequently being discussed at the time. Right after the 'annus mirabilis' of 1989 Tischner swiftly turns to the new hegemonial paradigm of liberalism and pragmatism. Though maintaining an image of Europe as a community of shared Christian values, Tischner steps up in favour of capitalism and democratic pluralism, hereby following the example set by the 'West'. Consequently, he became one of the most vehement critics of Polish neo-martyrdom of the 1990s. By applying the metaphor of a 'common home' to a unifying Europe, Tischner not only supports Poland's joining of the EU, but also develops a prospect for a shared European future. Józef Tischner's ideas of Europe can therefore be traced along the outlines of Polish discourses on Europe evolving from 'myth' to 'metaphor' as described by Walter Koschmal (2006).


Plutarch's narrative is credible: two Athenian expeditions to Messene in aid of Sparta, only the first led by Cimon, which leads to a revised chronology of the 460s B.C.


The use of a double-feed machine circuit is a promising way to modernize induction motor drives of mine hoisting installations. The main problem of using doubly-fed electric machine in the electric drives with a large range of speed control is the release implementation and machine operation of after it at low speed. Existing implementations of electric drives based on a doubly-fed machine (DFM) assume the use of additional resistors in the rotor circuit (rotor station) for releasing the brakes, which complicates the control circuit and significantly reduces the reliability of the drive. In this case, the electric drive circuit with additional active resistances in the rotor circuit has optimal starting characteristics, since a change in the active resistance of the rotor does not cause a change in the critical moment, and, therefore, in the overload capacity, which makes it possible to implement the release mode. It is possible to preserve the advantages of regulating the DFM speed by changing the active resistance of the rotor by using an imitation of its change. The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of implementing such mode using a controlled current converter in the rotor circuit.


Formulating law derived from the value of the entire people of Indonesia is related to the law which is responsive, which is able to accommodate the desire of all the people of Indonesia. Development of national legal system is implemented on three elements i.e. the substance, structure and legal culture. Development of law against the order of the three elements can be done by means of law renewal. Renewal of the law can be improve what already exists or create something new. The second alternative ways, making something new is something to change the old thinking. Distrust on the reliability will realize new thing. This thought is the core of postmodern ideology thought. Postmodern ideology has been influential in the formation of positive law in Indonesia. Legal theories produced by Indonesian thinkers are required for the development of national laws in accordance with the condition and the situation of Indonesian society by using the reference frame the view Indonesian nation based on the kinship system. Thought of postmodern legal theory derived from the Indonesian nation i.e. the development legal theory by Mochtar Kusumaatmadja and progressive legal theory by Satjipto Rahardjo. Based on this perspective needs to be analyzed in the perspective of ontological, epistemological and axiological both the legal theory that can be applied in the development of law in Indonesia.


Elmer Rice?s play Dream Girl reveals the condition of woman who experiences failure in love. The main character in this play, Georgina, is described as a woman who has problems in her love life. Georgina falls in love with her brother-in-law. Thus, her failure influences her life that turn to her inner conflict. Therefore, in this study, I want to analyze the effects of her failure in love and fantasy becomes her way to escape from the reality. By employing characterization and conflict as the literary tools, I may recognize Georgina?s personalities and her inner conflicts. Also, by using other theory such as the concept of fantasy, I would relate them to Georgina?s fantasy as her way to escape. From the analysis, I find out that Georgina?s failure in love gives effects to her life, they are: she lacks appreciating in life, becoming negative thinking about life, having emotional problem, fear of loving, making her distrust of love to the men, and having no concentration in her career. . Then, she tries to escape by using fantasy. She often elaborates daydream which is in contradiction with the reality. By using fantasy, she gets temporary satisfaction in seeking solution. It means that she uses her fantasy as her way to escape from the reality. Instead, she is involved in her own fantasy.


The utility model provides a locking mechanism for the truck cover of a pick-up truck. The locking mechanism comprises a swing stem, a lock hook is arranged on the swing stem in a penetrating manner, the tail part of the swing stem is inserted into a locking rocking handle, and a hinged support is arranged on the truck cover. The utility model is characterized in that the top part of the swing stem is hinged with the hinged support in a positioning manner. The utility model has the advantages that problems in sliding friction in a conventional locking mechanism are overcome, the bearing capacity of the main structure is improved, and the flexibility of the swing stem is enhanced.


The in-use performance of rendering mortars depends on the raw materials features and their content in the formulation, since they have major influence on the material behavior during emplacement, as well as, on its final properties. Adherence failure is one of the most frequent problems of this class of building materials, caused by the incompatibility between rheological behavior and the application process, generating mortar/substrate interface flaws. A rheological behavior more suitable to the application demands, provides appropriate conditions to obtain maximum final rendering properties. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to develop mix-design parameters based on raw materials features, particle packing models and rheological behavior, in order to create a mix-design method for mortars. Squeeze-flow technique was successfully adapted for the rheological evaluation of rendering mortars, and the most important experimental parameters were studied. The method is sensitive enough to measure rheological changes as a function of the mixing process applied. Considering that phase segregation plays an important role on the rheological behavior of concentrated suspensions especially at low speeds, a method was developed to measure pasteaggregate segregation. It was also established that the squeeze-flow agrees well with the worker's perception during manual emplacement. Several Brazilian and European products were evaluated, and significant differences were determined on the formulation features, rheological behavior and hardened properties. Using models of particle packing and particle distance, it was verified that optimized packing of aggregates enhances rheological behavior and can also allow the reduction of water and fine particles consumption. The experimental relationships established between fresh characteristics, rheological behavior and final properties can be used to predict hardened features and properties with fair confidence. Lastly, mix-design suggestions are made considering both fresh and hardened performance.


One of the most important ways in which an information‐provider can assimilate an information‐seeking dialogue is by inferring the underlying task‐related plan motivating the information‐seeker's queries. This paper presents a strategy for hypothesizing and tracking the changing task‐level goals of an information‐seeker and building a model of his task‐related plan as the dialogue progresses.


The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for central nervous system homeostasis. Folates are essential for the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines and methionine. Our aim was to characterize 3H‐folic acid (3H‐FA) and 14C‐methyltetrahydrofolic acid (14C‐MTHF) uptake by rat (RBE4) and human (hCMEC/D3) BBB endothelial cell lines. Uptake of 3H‐FA and 14C‐MTHF by RBE4 cells was time‐dependent and linear for the first 2 min of incubation. On the other hand, uptake of these substances by hCMEC/D3 cells showed less time‐dependency. Further experiments were performed in RBE4 cells. Uptake of 3H‐FA was found to be (1) stimulated at an acidic and at an alkaline pH, (2) Na+‐dependent and stimulated when F‐ substituted for Cl−, (3) energy‐independent, (4) inhibited by premetrexed (PTX) and stimulated by cytochalasin D (cyt D) and (5) not affected by MTHF, DIDS, SITS, methotrexate (MTX), monensin (MON) and FA. Uptake of 14C‐MTHF was found to be (1) pH‐independent, (2) Na+, Cl− and energy‐independent, (3) inhibited by PTX and MTX and stimulated by cyt D and (4) not affected by FA, DIDS, SITS, MON and MTHF. RT‐PCR analysis demonstrates mRNA expression of RFC (reduced folate carrier), but neither of FRα (folate receptor α) nor of PCFT (proton‐coupled folate transporter) in RBE4 cells and mRNA expression of both RFC and PCFT, but not of FRα, in hCMEC/D3 cells. Human and rat BBB cells show little capacity for folates uptake.


by surgeons and other medical men. One of the earliest cases recorded was in 1669 by Durston, and his account of it is given in vol. iv. of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. A study of the published cases makes it clear that this condition of hypertrophy is met with not only in married but also in single women, and that it usually attacks both breasts, though not invariably, several instances being recorded where only one breast, and that usually the left one, was affected. Billroth is sceptical about these latter cases, and is inclined to associate them with the presence of some undetected fibro-sarcomatous nodules. Two other points are also brought out. The first is that while the disease may appear in later life it is most frequent at puberty, and the second one is that it is often associated with sexual irregularities, both functional and developmental. The following case is of interest as being illustrative of the leading features of this affection.


Focus Questions

1
How does the history of East Central European borderlands complicate traditional links (in both scholarship and politics) between nationality, ethnicity, language, and citizenship?

2
Historians, as the article suggests, are increasingly interested in 'transnational' history, or histories which seem to transcend national borders and nationalist frameworks. In the case of German history, does this trend seem more likely to 'normalize' Germany's past, downplaying the role of the Holocaust, or to emphasize so-called German 'peculiarities' or 'pathologies'?

Author Recommends

* Rogers Brubaker, Ethnicity Without Groups (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004).

This collection of theoretical essays suggests some of the dangers of what Brubaker calls 'groupism' in the social sciences-assuming that historical subjects belonged to collectives they would not necessarily have identified with themselves.

* Jeremy King, Budweisers into Czechs and Germans: A Local History of Bohemian Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003).

A study of the relationships and intersections between local, imperial, and national loyalties in one Bohemian town between 1848–1948. King challenges many traditional assumptions about the development of nationalist politics in East Central Europe, particularly the idea that 'ethnicities' came before 'nations.' He shows how national affiliation in the Bohemian Lands typically reflected political choices rather than pre-existing ethnic or cultural differences. Also excellent as a general narrative of East Central European political history in the 19th and 20th centuries.

* Pieter Judson, Guardians of the Nation: Activists on the Language Frontier of Imperial Austria (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007).

Judson's study of nationalist activism on the so-called 'language frontiers' of East Central Europe offers a challenge to traditional accounts of East Central European history as a story of escalating nationalist conflict which culminated in ethnic cleansing. This book focuses on the failures and frustrations of nationalist activists as they mobilized to make loyal nationalist activists out of local populations which were often bilingual, nationally ambivalent, or completely indifferent to nationalism.

* Thomas Bender (ed.), Rethinking American History in a Global Age (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002).

This collection of essays situates American history in a global or transnational context. It includes both theoretical reflections on the value of transnational or global history and examples of what such a history might look like in practice.

Online Materials

1. Integrated History

http://www.einaudi.cornell.edu/europe/integrated_history/contact.asp

An online archive of primary sources on the history of East-Central Europe for educators, students, and scholars.

2. American Bibliography of Slavic and East European Studies

http://www.library.uiuc.edu/absees/

Searchable bibliography of academic works published on Eastern Europe since 1990.


Abstract Nine specimens of retroplumid crabs collected from the late early or early middle Eocene Tallahatta Formation in southern Alabama form the basis for description of a new species, Costacopluma grayi. The discovery confirms the extension of the range of the genus into the Eocene and represents the first occurrence of Costacopluma in the United States. As a result of the geologic range extension, the genus is now known to be contemporary with two other retroplumid genera, Retrocypoda, and Retropluma.


Individuals with diabetes are not only with high risk of developing heart failure but also with increased risk of death [1]. Different types of hypoglycemic drugs have different cardiovascular safety, so it is necessary to evaluate the cardiovascular safety of new hypoglycemic drugs. In recent years, many large-scale randomized controlled trials on SGLT2 inhibitors for oral hypoglycemic agents such as (EMPA-REG OUTCOME (The Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Trial); CANVAS Program (The Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study Program); DEGLARE-TIMI 58 (The Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events -TIMI 58 Trial); DEFINE-HF Trial (The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure Trial) have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors could significantly reduce the hospitalization rate and the composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure compared to the placebo group [2-5]. This effect persisted even in non-diabetic patients. The mechanisms responsible for the cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors remain uncertain. This article summarizes the possible mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure as follows. The Biological Role of SGLT2


"In a trough from 2 to 10 kilometres wide and 100 to 300 metres deep lies the Nile, meandering through a flood plain formed by yearly deposits of silt brought down from the Abyssinian table-land by the Blue Nile and the Atbara. This trough was determined in the first instance by fractures of the crust which caused a strip of country from about Edfu (lat. 25° N.) to Cairo to be depressed, leaving the plateau standing high above it, just as the Red Sea and the gulfs of Suez and Akaba were formed, probably about the same epoch. This interference with the drainage of the country doubtless produced a series of lakes in the low-lying area, while the drainage of the eastern plateau commenced to excavate the valleys which now exist as dry desert wadies, their development being in many cases far from complete, as shown by the cliffs which interrupt the slope of the valley when a harder bed of rock than usual is met with.


The vision-based driver fatigue detection is one of the most prospective commercial applications of facial expression recognition technology. The facial feature tracking is the primary technique issue in it. Current facial tracking technology faces three challenges: (1) detection failure of some or all of features due to a variety of lighting conditions and head motions; (2) multiple and non-rigid object tracking; and (3) features occlusion when the head is in oblique angles. In this paper, we propose a new active approach. First, the active IR sensor is used to robustly detect pupils under variable lighting conditions. The detected pupils are then used to predict the head motion. Furthermore, face movement is assumed to be locally smooth so that a facial feature can be tracked with a Kalman filter. The simultaneous use of the pupil constraint and the Kalman filtering greatly increases the prediction accuracy for each feature position. Feature detection is accomplished in the Gabor space with respect to the vicinity of predicted location. Local graphs consisting of identified features are extracted and used to capture the spatial relationship among detected features. Finally, a graph-based reliability propagation is proposed to tackle the occlusion problem and verify the tracking results. The experimental results show validity of our active approach to real-life facial tracking under variable lighting conditions, head orientations, and facial expressions.


Low-thrust geostationary transfer orbits (LT2GEO) are found to offer significant low cost options thus making them very attractive for GEO missions. However, LT2GEOs increase the transfer orbit time from days to months, thereby causing a significant increase in the time that satellites traverse the most intense trapped particle radiation belts. This paper describes the LT2GEO radiation environment and provides some practical implications using new solar cell technologies and materials. New solar cell and coverglass testing protocols are established using Monte Carlo transport modeling and experimental results are given for Qioptiq CMG borosilicate coverglass.


Whilst bones present a static view of extinct animals, fossil footprints are a direct record of the activity and motion of the track maker. Deep footprints are a particularly good record of foot motion. Such footprints rarely look like the feet that made them; the sediment being heavily disturbed by the foot motion. Because of this, such tracks are often overlooked or dismissed in preference for more foot‐like impressions. However, the deeper the foot penetrates the substrate, the more motion is captured in the sediment volume. We have used deep, penetrative, Jurassic dinosaur tracks which have been naturally split into layers, to reconstruct foot motions of animals living over 200 million years ago. We consider these reconstructions to be hypotheses of motion. To test these hypotheses, we use the Discrete Element Method, in which individual particles of substrate are simulated in response to a penetrating foot model. Simulations that produce virtual tracks morphologically similar to the fossils lend support to the motion being plausible, while simulations that result in very different final tracks serve to reject the hypothesis of motion and help generate a new hypothesis.


We present the spectrum and the pulse profile of the Crab Pulsar in the near-ultraviolet (1600-3200 Å) observed with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) during the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) second Servicing Mission Orbital Verification (SMOV) period. The two-dimensional near-ultraviolet Multianode Microchannel Array (NUV MAMA) was used in time-tag mode with a 2''×2'' aperture and the low-dispersion grating, G230L, to obtain a cube with axes of slit position, wavelength, and time. The observation-derived pulse period is consistent with radio measurements, and the pulse profile agrees well with previous NUV broadband measurements by the High Speed Photometer. The pulsar spectrum includes the 2200 Å dust absorption feature, plus several interstellar absorption lines. Dereddening the spectrum using the Savage-Mathis model with E(B-V)=0.55±0.05 leads to a good fit to a power law with slope αν = -0.3±0.2. The spectra of the main pulse, the interpulse, and the individual rising and falling edges are similar to the total spectrum within the limits of photon statistics. The four pulse profiles produced by breaking the spectrum into 400 Å bins show the pulse profile to be stable across the NUV spectral range. Histogram analysis reveals no evidence for the superpulses seen at radio wavelengths. The interstellar absorption-line equivalent widths of Mg I, Mg II, and Fe II are lower than expected based on the implied H I column density from E(B-V)=0.5. While several explanations are possible, additional studies will be necessary to narrow the options.


We prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a BSDE with time-delayed generators in the small delay setting (or equivalently small Lipschitz constant), which employs the Stieltjes integral with respect to an increasing continuous stochastic process. Moreover, we obtain a result of continuity of the solution with regard to the increasing process, assuming only uniform convergence, but not in variation. We also prove the existence in the case of an arbitrary delay by imposing monotonicity and linearity on generators. Lastly, we provide an application of the theoretical framework within an insurance based example.


Times have changed. Twenty-five years ago, sociologists of punishment neglected culture in their efforts to identify the social causes and consequences of penal institutions. In a field revolutionized by neo-Marxist histories and Foucauldian genealogies the focus was on class control and techniques of discipline rather than cultural meanings and sensibilities. In those days, if 'culture' was studied at all, it was in the guise of normalizing discourses embedded in techniques of penal power, or else systems of ideology that reproduced ruling class hegemony. And the point of studying these narrowly conceived cultural forms – for that is what they are – was not to trace their multiple meanings and dialogic possibilities but more narrowly to gauge their instrumental effects in furthering penal control. Today, following a remarkable expansion and refinement in penal history and sociology, the question of culture has become much more pertinent to the study of punishment. It is no longer novel or controversial to observe that penal institutions are grounded in cultural values and perceptions (Downes, 1988; Garland, 1990, 2005; Wiener, 1990; Melossi, 2001; Simon, 2001; Vaughan, 2002; Whitman, 2003; Savelsberg, 2004; Sarat and Boulanger, 2005); that they draw upon specific sensibilities and express particular emotions (Spierenburg, 1984; Garland, 1990; Duncan, 1996; Miller, 2000; Smith et al., 2000; Vaughan, 2000; Tonry, 2001; Crawley, 2004); that they are the sites of ritual performance and cultural production (Arasse, 1989; Gerould, 1992; Garland, 2002; Smith, 2003; Savelsberg and King, 2005) or that they give rise to diffuse cultural consequences quite above and beyond any crime control effects they may produce (Bender, 1987; Garland, 1991; Sarat, 2001). Against this background, it was merely a matter of time before someone bent the stick all the way back and proposed a fully culturalist theory of punishment. Which is precisely what Philip Smith has now done. Philip Smith's Punishment and culture is a brief, combative work of social theory that uses a series of historical case studies – each re-interpreting a notable penal institution or its transformation – to make the case for a 'culturalist' approach to the analysis of punishment. Major theoretical interventions are still rare in this field, and Smith's book,


According to social science theory, the US consumer movement should either never have existed or ceased to exist by now. During the 1960s, Olson (1965) explained in his book The Logic of Collective Action why the efforts to provide pure public goods for a large constituency (in this case, consumer advocacy and policies that, if provided at all, are available to everyone) was doomed by the free rider problem. In 1972, economist Anthony Downs described how issues such as environmentalism and consumerism had short shelf lives (Downs 1972). After a period of initial public enthusiasm, people, he believed, would lose interest in these issues as they learned about the high costs of addressing them. In 1981, marketing professors Paul Bloom and Stephen Greyser compared the consumer movement to a product or service in the declining stages of its life cycle. Bloom and Greyser (1981) painted a picture of consumer organizations competing with each other in an intense struggle for survival. A 50TH ANNIVERSARY Despite the theoretical reasons why the US consumer movement should not exist, here we are celebrating the 50th anniversary of President Kennedy's Message to Congress on Protecting the Consumer Interest (Kennedy 1962). In a speech that is often used to mark the beginning of the third wave of the consumer movement, Kennedy laid out four consumer rights: (1) the right to safety, (2) the fight to be informed (and protected from fraudulent practices), (3)the right to choose among a variety of products and services at competitive prices and (4) the right to be heard in the formulation of government policy. What is perhaps less well known is that President Kennedy also created, within his Council of Economic Advisors, a Consumers' Advisory Council "to examine and provide advice to the government on issues of broad economic policy, on governmental programs protecting consumer needs, and on needed improvements." The twelve appointees to the Consumers' Advisory Council were a "who's who" of the consumer leaders of the time (Consumer Reports 1962). One of these members was Dr. Colston E. Warne, president of the country's preeminent consumer organization, Consumers Union (CU) and an ACCI Distinguished Fellow. The Council also contained two other future ACCI Fellows--Helen Nelson and Richard L.D. Morse. President Kennedy convened the first Council meeting in July 1962. At the meeting, the President told the Council members that he wanted them to "come forward with as many important decisions and proposals as you can, and bring them to my attention." Kennedy told the Council that they were not "window dressing" and that he hoped, well beyond his administration, that the Council would be "a definite part of our governmental structure." After Kennedy's assassination, President Lyndon Johnson took the bold step of establishing the first White House Special Assistant for Consumer Affairs. Johnson chose Esther Peterson, after whom another distinguished lectureship at this conference is named. The Consumers' Advisory Council was folded into a new entity, the President's Committee on Consumer Interests. The Committee reported to the new Special Assistant but never became as influential as perhaps President Kennedy had hoped. ACCI members, however, were willing and active participants in the consumer movement of the 1960s. ADDITIONAL CONSUMER RIGHTS AND SIGNS OF MOVEMENT STRENGTH Building on the platform erected by President Kennedy, consumer organizations have expanded and reordered the list of consumer rights. The list used today by Consumers International and consumer groups around the world begins with the right to satisfaction of basic needs such as food, shelter and, lest we think this right is only relevant in less developed countries, health care. The list also includes the rights to redress, consumer education and a healthy environment. Momentum is currently strong for adding a ninth consumer right--the right to privacy. …


The title compound is formed as a by-product in the synthesis of tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]dialane(4) from potassium and chloro-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]alane or by addition of KCl to the starting alane. 1 is a monomer in benzene solution, but a polymer in the solid state with chains formed via potassium-chlorine bridges. An interaction between a C-H σ-bond of one trimethylsilyl group and each potassium ion has also been detected


Cerebral autoregulation (CA) ensures constant cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the face of blood pressure (BP) disturbances. While CA impairment is often implicated in the aetiology of age-related disorders e.g. falls, syncope, and brain ageing, there is conflicting evidence on the effect of normal or healthy ageing on cerebral autoregulation. Here we present results of a review investigating the effect of ageing on CA.

 A search was performed in Pubmed using the search terms "cerebral autoregulation" AND ("ageing" OR "age" OR "older" OR "elderly"). Studies were included if they were human studies in English assessing CA in healthy volunteers (free from disease) in which the effect of ageing on CAR was studied. Exclusion criteria included non-human studies, diseased cohorts and studies not measuring CA.

 26 studies (n=1326 total participants, age range 12-88) meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were identified. Significant heterogeneity was noted in applied methodologies with 88% of studies using static and 53% using dynamic protocols to measure CA. Transcranial Doppler (88%) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) (11%) were the most commonly used. Transfer function analysis (TFA) (38%), the Autoregulatory Index (ARI) (15%), and wavelet analysis (11%) were used to derive CA metric. The majority of studies suggested that CA is preserved (n=15) with ageing. However, a smaller number of studies (n=7) noted that CA is impaired or altered with ageing.

 There is a paucity of literature examining the relationship between CA and chronological ageing, with 60 per cent of studies reviewed suggesting that CA is preserved. Current hypotheses suggest that preservation of CA with ageing serves as a 'reserve' to compensate for impairment of other systems. Future work should investigate the role of impaired CA as potential biomarker of biological ageing.


Disclosed is a dynamic image decoding device which can reduce the memory access latency and the memory bandwidth of motion compensation filter coefficients which are used when carrying out variable coefficient motion compensated prediction between images, and which is provided with: a decoding unit (101) which decodes a plurality of motion compensation filter coefficients from an encoded stream; memory (109) for retaining the plurality of motion compensation filter coefficients included in the encoded stream; a filter coefficient storage unit (103) for retaining the motion compensation filter coefficients required when carrying out motion compensation; a motion compensation unit (107) which carries out motion compensation using the motion compensation filter coefficients retained in the filter coefficient storage unit; and a filter coefficient transfer control unit (102) which writes the plurality of motion compensation filter coefficients decoded by the decoding unit to the memory, and transfers the aforementioned required motion compensation filter coefficients from the memory to the filter coefficient storage unit only when the filter coefficient storage unit does not already have the aforementioned required motion compensation filter coefficients.


This paper attempts to reconcile all inferentia1 methods which by maximizing a criterion functiona1 produce non- informative and informative priors. In particular, Good's (1968) Minimax Evidence Priors, MEP, Zellner's (1971) Maximal Data Information Priors, MDIP, and Bernardo's (1979) Reference Priors, RP, are seen as special cases of maximizing a more general criterion functional. In a unifying approach Good-Bernardo-Zellner priors are introduced and applied to a number of Bayesian inference procedures which are useful in economic research, such as the Kalman Filter and the Normal Linear Model. We al so use the Good- Bemardo-Zellner distributions in several economic models


Polyhedral Cu2O microparticles as self-templates have been well-demonstrated for the synthesis of Cu2O–M heterostructures (M = Au, Pd, Pt) and Au nano/mesocages utilizing the galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) strategy. However, reports on GRR-based fabrication of Cu2O–Ag heterostructures and the ensuing Ag mesocages are scanty. There is no report that describes the phenomenon of facet selectivity during the GRR-based deposition of Ag on Cu2O template particles. Here, we have identified the underlying rationale behind the observed difficulty in nucleating Ag nanoparticles on an octahedral Cu2O self-template particle. Utilization of an appropriately chosen surfactant/complexant for the silver precursor helps in demonstrating the successful fabrication of Cu2O–Ag heterostructures (octahedral, cubic) with a tunable loading density of Ag NPs on the Cu2O surfaces. This is achieved using Cu2O template particles that undergo GRR with silver nitrate in the presence of nitric acid, and 5-sulfosalicylic acid as the surfactant (key role players). We provide evidence that supports facet selectivity during the deposition of Ag NPs on Cu2O cuboctahedral particles. Hollow octahedral Ag and Au–Ag bimetallic mesocages are fabricated that have rough surfaces, uniform morphology, and excellent shape retention. The fabricated heterostructures and mesocages act as an excellent SERS substrate. This is the first report on the rational synthesis of octahedral Cu2O–Ag heterostructures and octahedral hollow metallic mesocages utilizing the Cu2O self-templating strategy along with the demonstration of facet selectivity of Ag deposition on Cu2O template particles through GRR. The current approach offers a facile and versatile protocol for the synthesis of Cu2O–metal heterostructures and hollow noble metal mesocages.


PURPOSE
With an MR-linac, radiation is delivered in the presence of a magnetic field. Modifications in the codes of practice (CoPs) for reference dosimetry are required to incorporate the effect of the magnetic field.

METHODS
In most CoPs the absorbed dose is determined using the well-known kQ formalism as the product of the calibration coefficient, the corrected electrometer reading and kQ, to account for the difference in beam quality. To keep a similar formalism a single correction factor is introduced which replaces kQ, and which corrects for beam quality and B-field, kQ,B. In this study we propose a method to determine kQ,B under reference conditions in the MRLinac without using a primary standard, as the product of:- the ratio between detector readings without and with B-field (kB),- the ratio between doses in the point of measurement with and without B-field (rho),- kQ in the absence of the B-field in the MRLinac beam (kQmrl0,Q0),The ratio of the readings, which covers the change in detector reading due to the different electron trajectories in the detector, was measured with a waterproof ionization chamber (IBA-FC65g) in a water phantom in the MRLinac without and with B-field. The change in dose-to-water in the point of measurement due to the B-field was determined with a Monte Carlo based TPS.

RESULTS
For the presented approach, the measured ratio of readings is 0.956, the calculated ratio of doses in the point of measurement is 0.995. Based on TPR20,10 measurements kQ was calculated as 0.989 using NCS-18. This yields a value of 0.9408 for kQ,B.

CONCLUSION
The presented approach to determine kQ,B agrees with a method based on primary standards within 0.4% with an uncertainty of 1% (1 std.uncert). It differs from a similar approach using a PMMA-phantom and an NE2571 chamber with 1.3%.


It is often claimed that if technology becomes too intrusive it can be reigned in by better technologies and laws that restrict access. This article argues through a series of propositions and observations why these standard solutions will invariably fall short, and why civility--and the placed communities out of which civility arises--is our best hope against technological assaults on privacy. The article ends with a brief discussion of what sorts of personal and professional commitments a civil culture entails.


Microgravity effects on human factor were observed through a series of manual control experiments conducted in the First Material Processing Test. The Japanese Payload Specialist, who operated a stick to control a double integral controlled element against pseudo-random disturbance, felt pain in fast eye movement during orbital experiments. He was obliged to fix his line of sight at the center of display and to watch the displayed error movement using peripheral view. He also felt difficulty in supporting his body against reaction force of his hand movement. During two or three days after landing, disturbance was observed in the PS's posture. The operator's input and output data wiIl be analyzed by the cross spectral analysis to obtain the operator describing function and the remnants. Such data wiII be utilized in space man-machine system design. EIectro-myogram of hand and electro-oculogram data will also be analyzed.


Patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and concurrent coronary heart disease (CHD) are not rare in clinic. The main challenge in the treatment for these patients is that the antithrombotic therapies for VTE and CHD are different from each other, but the combination of the two therapeutic strategies would increase the risk of bleeding. There is a need to optimize the antithrombotic therapeutic scheme on the basis of individual conditional, in order to balance the therapeutic effects and the bleeding risk. This article discussed the appropriate antithrombotic therapy when balancing the effectiveness and the risk in different circumstance of concurrence of VTE and CHD, such as combining anticoagulation therapy, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT), thrombolytic therapy and extending therapy, in order to provide safe, standard and effective therapeutic schemes for the clinical management of these patients. In the meantime, this article also provides perspectives regarding the application of novel non-vitamin K anticoagulants (NOACs) and the assessment tools of bleeding risk.


Occupation-based practice (OBP) is central to the practice of occupational therapists where occupations or meaningful activities become the focus of the assessment, intervention, and outcomes measurement process. Although occupational therapists practising in Thailand claim that they engage in OBP, this claim warrants empirical investigation. This study aimed to investigate the experiences and perceptions of hospital-based occupational therapists of OBP within stroke rehabilitation. Utilizing a qualitative design, fourteen occupational therapists were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews until data saturation was reached. Each interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five themes were identified (1) Perspective towards OBP, (2) OBP as professional value and cultural identity, (3) Implementing OBP for stroke rehabilitation in hospital settings, (4) Environmental factors of using OBP in stroke rehabilitation, and (5) OBP in the service management. Occupational therapists perceived that OBP is important for professional identity. Using OBP provides positive changes in stroke clients. This study provides evidence that will help implement OBP into occupational therapy in Thailand.


The magnetic field effects reported in 1973 for the thermal reaction of benzyl and pentafluorobenzyl chlorides with n-butyllithium in hexane have been re-examined under various reaction conditions. Using a new reaction apparatus, which has an electromagnet (up to 1.49 T) in a glove box under an argon atmosphere (H2O and O2 < 1 ppm), a study has been made on the effects on the yields of asymmetrical products (phenylpentane and pentafluorophenylpentane) and symmetrical ones (diphenylethane and decafluorodiphenylethane) in the absence and presence of external magnetic fields. No appreciable magnetic field effects have been observed with change of sample concentration, reaction temperature, or magnetic field strength, or with various benzyl halides.


Obsidian artifact discoveries cover a wide range of geography and timescales dating from hundreds of years before present (BP) to ≈ 320,000 BP [1, 2]. The general utility and widespread use of obsidian make it an archaeologically important material that has helped unravel the history and prehistory of humans, including its use to create permanent artistic expression on skin as tattoos [3]. Obsidian is a volcanic rock that contains trace volumes of crystals relative to a glassy matrix, and when fractured, particularly in a controlled manner, results in the formation of a razor sharp edge [4]. Artifacts created from obsidian comprise perhaps the sharpest-edged cutting tools manufactured and compare favorably to 21 st century surgical stainless steel scalpel knife edges [5]. This typically black volcanic glass also possesses a useful geochemical trait in that ratios of minor to trace elements can often be linked to its geographical origin [6]. We have demonstrated the use of a new tool to measure these elements through co-located scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (mXRF) and electron beam induced X-ray microanalysis. A rigorous evaluation of this dual microbeam analysis was performed by examining the major, minor, and trace elements within a well-characterized rhyolitic glass reference material to provide the measurement science foundation for understanding the method's capabilities and limitations. This coupled X-ray spectrometry method was recently used to identify the source locations for two varieties of highly polished, kilogram-sized Mesoamerican obsidian "mirrors"/tablets from Central Mexico that are housed in the collections of the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI) [7], demonstrating the utility of this method for archaeological science. The subject analysis and electron beam


Objectives : The purpose of this study was to establish that Korean Boston Naming Test(K-BNT) and the delayed recall test of Seoul Verbal Learning Test(SVLT) applied together may be useful for clinician to diagnose dementia of the Alzheimer's type(DAT). Methods : We compared the results of K-BNT and the delayed recall test of SVLT between DAT group(N=30) and control group(N=30) without any cognitive impairment. Also, we made Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(ROC curve) of K-BNT and the delayed recall test of SVLT for the two groups. Results : The scores of K-BNT and the delayed recall test of SVLT of patients group with DAT were significantly lower than those of control group. K-BNT and the delayed recall test of SVLT showed the positive correlation with KMMSE. The cut-off values of K-BNT and the delayed recall test of SVLT determined by ROC curve were z=-0.58 score (28.10‰) and z=-1.35 score(8.86‰), respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of K-BNT and the delayed recall of SVLT in order to diagnose DAT were 63.3% vs 90.0% and 73.0% vs 73.0%, respectively. When these two tests applied together, the sensitivity and specificity were 50.0% and 100%. Conclusion : This study is suggested that the use of these two tests at the same time may be the useful screening test to diagnose DAT.


In this paper,a present research situation of the rheological properties of soy-based adhesive from physical and chemical modification was reviewed,and its problems and future research aspect were also analyzed,rheological properties of soy-based adhesive was researched,Modification methods should be combined with soy-based adhesives,the rheological properties multivariate analysis of soy-based adhesives was made under the condition of different modified,by improving the measuring instrument at the same time,combined with microscopic analysis and instrument analysis,the relationship between the structure and rheological properties of soy-based adhesives was showed,this paper provided the theory basis for the soy-based adhesives modified preparation.


Following the definition of SARS-CoV2 outbreak as a pandemic by WHO, FDA gave EUA approval to the CDC real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and soon to other vendors to increase test availability. Most of testing platforms are PCR based, which test for multiple gene targets. We aimed to compare distribution of crossing threshold (cT) values of Diasorin (DIA), NeuMoDX (NDX) and Cepheid GenXpert (GX) for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and assess performance of individual gene targets within the assays. We also correlated cT values with time from symptom onset.

 Retrospective review of medical and laboratory records of patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV2 between 08/01/2020 and 10/10/2020 on DIA, NDX, and GX platforms.

 We included 212 patients in our study. Days since symptom onset included 1 to 16 days. For DIA, mean Ct values for 46 symptomatic patients were 21.75 (S gene) and 22.74 (ORF1 gene); whereas 23.49 (S gene) and 25.49 (ORF1 gene) for 12 asymptomatic patients. Similarly, on NDX mean was 22.21 (N gene) and 23.13 (NSP2 gene) for 69 symptomatic, though 28.09 (N gene) and 28.61 (NSP2 gene) for 35 asymptomatic patients. GX manifested mean Ct value of 27.13 (E gene) and 31.22 (N2 gene) for 19 symptomatic; while 33.85 (E gene) and 36.42 (N2 gene) for 31 asymptomatic patients. Correlation coefficient for cT values versus days since symptom onset are DIA (r2 0.19), NDX (r2 0.22), and GX (r2 0.02).

 The difference in cT values was statistically significant for symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients. There was positive correlation between days since symptom onset and cT values for DIA and NDX but not for GX, which may be due to difference in population tested in these platforms. These observations may be used to predict viral load and thus infectivity of patients who test positive for SARS-CoV2.