ABSTRACT Background of Study : As an illustration, based on SNPHAR 2018, 7% of children have experienced sexual violence, 57,14% of children have experienced emotional violence, and 25% of children have experienced physical violence. During this pandemic, children are one of the vulnerable groups and household conditions are also vulnerable. This is because many family members have to stay at home for a long time. Not to mention the economic problems due to loss of income and other problems. Methods : This study uses a Quasi Experimental research design with a pre experiment approach, the planning used is One Group Pre test and Post Test. The samples taken were 200 children aged 12 – 18 years. The sampling method in this study used proportional random sampling. The data collection method used a questionnaire before and after being given peer group facilitation. The statistical test used a paired T-test with α = 0,05. Results : The results showed that there were changes in the knowledge and attitude of preventing violence in children before and after being given peer group facilitation with the mean before being given peer group facilitation was 60,20 and 51,25, while the mean after being given peer group facilitation was 72,80 and 60,40. The results of the paired T-test analysis obtained a significant value of p value = 0,0001 = 0,05, meaning that there was an influence of peer group facilitation on the prevention of violence against children during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sintang Regency. Conclusion : Optimizing the role of peer groups can prevent acts of violence against children.Keywords : Peer groups, Child Violence


The work concerns city parks in Poznan and their importance in the structure and landscape of the city. The research included 38 park objects of various origin , size and nature . There were evaluated the uniformity of parks' distribution within the agglomeration, the shape of the outline of the plan ( the nature of the border line) and their surroundings.


Granulomatous gastritis is a rare disease characterized by the presence of granulomas within the gastric mucosa or submucosa (1,2). Granulomatous gastritis is mainly found in association with Crohn disease, infections (e.g., tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, syphilis, teniasis) foreign bodies, sarcoidosis and underlying malignancy or vasculitis (1–4). Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa is most frequently associated with chronic nonspecific gastritis in both adults and children (5,6). H. pylori infection may rarely be associated with other forms of gastritis, including the granulomatous type. This case is the first pediatric case of granulomatous gastritis that resolved completely after H. pylori eradication therapy.


Based on the analysis of factors of the network security for archives information system,necessities for constructing and perfecting the archives network security are discussed.And a project of layer-based model of network security is discussed which use relative techniques for each layer.


Technology is needed by humans to facilitate all activities carried out so that they are fast and practical, besides that technology is used as a solution to problems in conventional systems. Conventional sales activities experience several problems such as recording activities, insecure archiving, manual calculations and loss of transaction data. From these problems, the purpose of this study is to design a sales information system, namely object-based book sales transactions in order to minimize errors and produce the information needed by users effectively and efficiently. The method used is Extreme Programming which is very suitable for developing and building object-oriented applications. This method has stages in the method including planning carried out problem finding and needs analysis, the design consists of system design with UML (Unified Modeling Language) and ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) database design, coding in the form of application menu displays, testing with blackbox testing and software increase. The design of an OOP-based book sales information system using the Extreme Programming method is expected to help and facilitate users in managing data, sales transactions and reports.


While playing the key role in the economic and social life of the country, road transport is one of the major sources of air pollution in Poland [1], alongside some heavy industries and agriculture. The environmental impact of road transport is currently subject of national and international considerations that make paramount the need for new mobility solutions contributing to the achievement of an environmentally-friendly transport system [2]. One of the solutions is large-scale promotion of electric vehicles, including those supplied exclusively from batteries. Such electric cars, for use mainly in cities, can resolve a number of civilization and ecological problems. They are quiet and virtually emission-free [3], and in terms of safety, in the event of an accident they reduce the risk to occupants from explosion and fire [4]. This article describes the current state of electromobility in Poland with the indication of light battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and the most important factors stimulating its development, which the Polish legislator intends to implement in a short time.


Internationally, as well as here in the UK, the concept of 'peer pressure' is widely used in analysing the factors influencing young people's experiences of sex and pregnancy – illustrated, for instance, by the following strapline from a recent English government‐funded teenage pregnancy national media campaign: 'Should I let my friends control my sex life?' Through a focused interrogation of relevant literature alongside findings from two studies recently conducted by the authors, this paper critically examines some of the complexities of the concept of 'peer pressure', and how it may reveal itself in different contexts. Focusing on young people's narratives of sex and pregnancy, it argues that notions of 'peer pressure' may be inadequate to enable a full appreciation of the range of real pressures that two different groups of young people – those in public care, and a wider cross‐section of youth living in the same geographical area – experience. The paper concludes by suggesting that a more sophisticated understanding of how (peer) pressure might operate requires that the concept be contextualised and seen as interacting with other factors influencing young people's experiences of sex and pregnancy. The implications of this analysis in relation to sex and relationships education are discussed.


How do principals view their own performance? How do teachers and superintendents view the same performance? Results of one study designed to answer those questions are presented here.


Taking typical leaves of leaf spot of Zizyphus jujubain Ningxia as materials,the main pathogen species of leaf spot of Zizyphus jujubain the region and effective fungicides against the disease were studied by the tissue isolation,detached leaves inoculation and inhibition method of mycelial growth.The results showed that Stemphyliumsp.were isolated from typical leaves of leaf spot of Zizyphus jujubain Ningxia and accounted for 85%of the pathogen total isolates.Among them,strain Y-14 of Stemphyliumsp.had very strong pathogenicity and was confirmed as the main pathogen species of leaf spot of Zizyphus jujubain Ningxia;Virulences of 7kinds of fungicides on pathogen were 25%propiconazole EC25%prochloraz EC1010/g Bacillus subtilis WP10%polyoxin WP250g/L azoxystrobin SC70% mancozeb WP1%phenazine-1-carboxylic acid SC,especially EC50 value of anterior 5kinds of fungicides were less than 1.0g/L,so they should be the best fungicides of leaf spot of Zizyphus jujubain Ningxia for effective biological and chemical control.


The curvature radius is one of the veneer properties that is connected to wood elasticity and can be used in the molded furniture industry. This paper refers to the methodology of determining the minimal curvature radius and after wards, by relying of this methodology, the bending capacity of veneers. Furthermore, the devices that are used in determining the minimal curvature radius and the main influencing factors such as species, density, thickness, moisture content are also presented. A chart for determining the curvature radius related to veneer thickness is obtained and a linear equation is then found, on this basis. The final results and analysis emphasize the importance of these characteristics, when veneers are used in molded products.


The origin of the most energetic particles in nature, the ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays, is still a mystery. Due to their extremely low flux, even the 3,000 km^2 Pierre Auger detector registers only about 30 cosmic rays per year with sufficiently high energy to be used for directional studies. A method to provide a vast increase in collecting area is to use the lunar technique, in which ground-based radio telescopes search for the nanosecond radio flashes produced when a cosmic ray interacts with the Moon's surface. The technique is also sensitive to the associated flux of UHE neutrinos, which are expected from cosmic ray interactions during production and propagation, and the detection of which can also be used to identify the UHE cosmic ray source(s). An additional flux of UHE neutrinos may also be produced in the decays of topological defects from the early Universe. Observations with existing radio telescopes have shown that this technique is technically feasible, and established the required procedure: the radio signal should be searched for pulses in real time, compensating for ionospheric dispersion and filtering out local radio interference, and candidate events stored for later analysis. For the SKA, this requires the formation of multiple tied-array beams, with high time resolution, covering the Moon, with either SKA-LOW or SKA-MID. With its large collecting area and broad bandwidth, the SKA will be able to detect the known flux of UHE cosmic rays using the visible lunar surface - millions of square km - as the detector, providing sufficient detections of these extremely rare particles to solve the mystery of their origin.


Background: Celosia laxa (Amaranthaceae) is mainly a west African plant species used in Traditional Medicine as an anthelmintic, anticancer, antibacterial and analgesic agent. The seeming prevalence of worm infection in Gwandu community of Gwandu Local Government Area of Kebbi State-Nigeria prompted this study. Methods: Whole plant of C. laxa extracts obtained through maceration in aqueous (AE), methanol (ME) and hexane (HE) solvents were investi-gated for their anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuman) at four different (gradient) concentrations of 10, 20, 40 and 80 (mg/ml) for each extract. The study involved the determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms. Results: Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at the highest con-centration of 80 mg/ml as compared to the standard drug, praziquantel (10 mg/ml). Consequently, the aqueous extract showed a higher activity at 80 mg/ml compared to standard praziquantel at 10 mg/ml (with no significant value of p < 0.05). The time of paralysis and death observed for AE was 13.0 ± 1.8 and 16.8 ± 1.5 while the ME was less bioactive with 15.7 ± 0.5 and 23.0 ± 0.0 respectively. However, on the other hand, the hexane extract recorded no-activity on all the test sample concentrations, compared to the standard drug (with a significant difference of p-value, p > 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the leaves of C. laxa are likely to yield a potent anthelminthic drug owing to soluble phyto-constituent which are largely hydrophilicity extracted by the polar solvents. Also, considering that the plants' mode of preparation for use by the locals was aqueous decoction before administration, the folkloric therapeutic claims can be said to have been justified.


Conventional approaches can repair minor skin injuries; however, severe burn injuries require innovative approaches for efficient and better wound repair. Recent studies indicate that stem cell‐based regenerative therapies can restore severe damaged skin both structurally and functionally. The current study aims to evaluate the wound healing potential of skin substitute derived from human neonatal stem cells (hNSCs) using a severe burn injury rat model. Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from placenta (a source of neonatal stem cells) by explant culture method. After characterization, AECs and umbilical cord‐MSCs were differentiated into keratinocyte and fibroblasts, respectively. Morphological changes, and expression of corresponding keratinocyte and fibroblast specific markers were used to verify differentiation into respective lineage. A skin substitute was developed by mixing hNSCs‐derived skin cells (hNSCs‐SCs) in plasma for transplantation in a rat model of severe burn injury. Results indicated that placenta‐derived AECs and MSCs were efficiently differentiated into skin cells, that is, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, respectively, as indicated by morphological changes, immunostaining, and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Further, transplantation of hNSCs‐SCs seeded in plasma significantly improved basic skin architecture, re‐epithelization rate, and wound healing concurrent with reduced apoptosis. In conclusion, neonatal stem cell‐derived skin substitute efficiently improved severe burn wounds in a rat model of burn injury. Unique properties of placenta‐derived stem cells make them superlative candidates for the development of "off‐the‐shelf" artificial skin substitutes for future use.


It is shown that for every subdivision of the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space, $d\geq 2$, into $n$ axis-aligned boxes, there is an axis-parallel line that stabs at least $\Omega(\log^{1/(d-1)} n)$ boxes, and this bound is best possible. In general, it is also shown that for every integer $k$, $0<k<d$, there is an axis-aligned $k$-flat that stabs at least $\Omega(\log^{1/\lfloor (d-1)/k\rfloor} n)$ boxes of the subdivision.


This paper discusses the state of the art in research on the use of textile-reinforced concretes in structural maintenance. Textile-reinforced concretes can be used in structural maintenance for various purposes, including the sealing and protection of the existing building structures, as well as for the strengthening of structures. The first-mentioned aspects are explained in this paper on the basis of example applications. A special focus is placed on the maintenance of heritage-protected structures. The development, characterization, and testing of a textile-reinforced concrete system for a heritage-protected structure are presented. Examples of the application of textile-reinforced concrete for strengthening highway pavements and masonry are also given. In particular, the possibility of adapting the textile-reinforced concrete repair material to the needs of the individual building is one advantage of this composite material.


This document considers the interaction of Differentiated Services (diffserv) (RFC 2474, RFC 2475) with IP tunnels of various forms. The discussion of tunnels in the diffserv architecture (RFC 2475) provides insufficient guidance to tunnel designers and implementers. This document describes two conceptual models for the interaction of diffserv with Internet Protocol (IP) tunnels and employs them to explore the resulting configurations and combinations of functionality. An important consideration is how and where it is appropriate to perform diffserv traffic conditioning in the presence of tunnel encapsulation and decapsulation. A few simple mechanisms are also proposed that limit the complexity that tunnels would otherwise add to the diffserv traffic conditioning model. Security considerations for IPSec tunnels limit the possible functionality in some circumstances.


The asymmetric synthesis of dragmacidin D ( 1 ) has been completed in 10 steps. Its sole stereocenter was set using direct asymmetric alkylation enabled by a C 2 -symmetric tetramine and lithium N -(trimethylsilyl)- tert -butylamide as the enolization reagent. A central Larock indole synthesis was employed in a convergent assembly of heterocyclic subunits. The stereochemical evidence from this work strongly supports the predicted S configuration at 6 ′″ position consistent with other members of the dragmacidin family of natural products.


We explore a feasible model that combines near-inflection point small-field slow roll inflationary scenario driven by single scalar inflaton with the production of non-thermal vector-like fermionic dark matter, χ, during the reheating era. For the inflationary scenario, we consider two separate polynomial forms of the potential; one is symmetric about the origin, and the other is not. We fix the coefficients of the potentials satisfying current Planck-Bicep data. We calculate the permissible range of yχ and mχ for the production of enough dark matter to explain the total Cold Dark Matter (CDM) mass density of the present universe while satisfying Cosmic Background Radiation (CMBR) measurements and other cosmological bounds.


The invention relates to an adaptive measurement range rotation speed adjustment circuit which includes a signal generation circuit, a signal adjustment circuit, a DAC output voltage reference circuitand a DSP digital adaptive adjustment circuit. The invention also discloses an adaptive measurement range rotation speed adjustment method. According to the invention, the circuit herein is providedwith a 12 BIT-bit DAC output which serves as a comparator, so that the comparison precision can reach 1/4096. And since a hysteresis comparator is also introduced, the rising edge threshold and the falling edge threshold of the rotation speed signal are different, which prevents zero-crossing comparison errors. The circuit also uses DSP adaptive adjustment circuit, and a system automatically findsbest comparative level and compares the comparative level with the rotation speed signal, thus preventing manual adjustment of gears. The circuit herein has the advantages of simple connection, no zero crossing errors, high adjustment precision, and excellent adaptive digital adjustment.


The paper considers the growth rates of electric vehicles, taking into account the development of electrochemical energy storage. The main lithium batteries aging mechanisms under conditions of uneven load and reversible nature of energy exchange processes with short modes of recharging batteries during regenerative braking are determined. To assess the aging of the lithium battery, the WLTC driving cycle was taken as a basis, in accordance with which the load on the electric vehicle energy storage unit the was formed. A Nissan Leaf equipped with energy storage units (ESU) of different energy intensity was adopted as a test sample. Current diagrams were obtained for one battery cell, minimum, average and maximum currents, as well as durations of traction, braking and stopping modes in various control modes of electric rolling stock are given. An assumption is made about the growth of the energy intensity of the ESU in the future period and its influence on the load of the storage battery is determined. On the basis of the data processing carried out, the main changes in the processes occurring in the power source, associated with an increase in the energy intensity of the ESU, have been revealed


We study the last fall degrees of {\em semi-local} polynomial systems, and the computational complexity of solving such systems for closed-point and rational-point solutions, where the systems are defined over a finite field. A semi-local polynomial system specifies an algebraic set which is the image of a global linear transformation of a direct product of local affine algebraic sets. As a special but interesting case, polynomial systems that arise from Weil restriction of algebraic sets in an affine space of low dimension are semi-local. Such systems have received considerable attention due to their application in cryptography. Our main results bound the last fall degree of a semi-local polynomial system in terms of the number of closed point solutions, and yield an efficient algorithm for finding all rational-point solutions when the prime characteristic of the finite field and the number of rational solutions are small. Our results on solving semi-local systems imply an improvement on a previously known polynomial-time attack on the HFE (Hidden Field Equations) cryptosystems. The attacks implied in our results extend to public key encryption functions which are based on semi-local systems where either the number of closed point solutions is small, or the characteristic of the field is small. It remains plausible to construct public key cryptosystems based on semi-local systems over a finite field of large prime characteristic with exponential number of closed point solutions. Such a method is presented in the paper, followed by further cryptanalysis involving the isomorphism of polynomials (IP) problem, as well as a concrete public key encryption scheme which is secure against all the attacks discussed in this paper.


Abstract Recently, total variation (TV) regularization has become a standard technique for image recovery. The mean squared error (MSE) of the reconstruction can be reliably estimated by Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE). In this work, we develop two recursive evaluations of SURE, based on Chambolle's projection method (CPM) for TV denoising and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for TV deconvolution, respectively. In particular, from the proximal point perspective, we provide the convergence analysis for both iterative schemes and the corresponding Jacobian recursions, in terms of the solution distance, from which follows the convergence of noise evolution of Monte-Carlo simulation in practical computations. The theoretical analysis is supported by numerical examples.


In the autumn of 1999, PubSCIENCE made news when it was unveiled by US Energy Secretary Bill Richardson. It was developed by the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information to facilitate searching and accessing peer-reviewed journal literature in the physical sciences and other disciplines of concern to DOE. PubSCIENCE is available for public use through the Government Printing Office's 'GPO ACCESS'. It can be accessed at http://www.osti.gov/pubscience. Part of the unique story behind PubSCIENCE is what a long history is associated with it. It is the culmination of an agency's long tradition of scientific and technical information dissemination that now is bringing information to the desktop. For over 53 years, the Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) within the Department of Energy (and its predecessor agencies) has been managing DOE's technical information programme. The origin of this information programme was as a library and information policy group for the Manhattan Project. From the beginning the fundamental purpose of this programme was to ensure that research results were reported and made available to the agency, other government organizations and their contractors, and the broader scientific community. The mission of OSTI today is still the same: to collect, preserve, disseminate, and leverage the scientific and technical information (STI) resources of the DOE to provide access to national and global STI for use by DOE, the scientific research community, academia, US industry and the public in order to expand the knowledge base of science and technology. Although the mission remains the same, the manner in which it is met is very different. Until recently, the two major end-products for disseminating this information were Nuclear Science Abstracts (NSA) and the Energy Science and Technology Database (EDB). Both these databases contain bibliographic information describing information products – what we term 'information about information' – and stating their availability for users who sought to obtain full-text copies. NSA is an historic record of nuclear research beginning with the Manhattan Project and following throughout the life of the Atomic Energy Commission. It contains international nuclear science and technology references from the early 1940s up to June 1976. With the creation of the Energy Research and Development Administration and then the DOE in the 1970s, the scope of the agency was broadened. EDB then supplanted NSA to provide a comprehensive source of worldwide energy-related information, both nuclear and non-nuclear. It covers 1974 to the present and includes information on energy sources, use and conservation, environmental effects, waste processing and disposal, regulatory considerations, as well as basic scientific studies. Its scope mirrors the scope of the DOE R&D program. Together these databases offer more than 5 million records in energy science and technology. These databases have provided bibliographic information and abstracts for technical reports, journal articles, conference papers and proceedings, dissertations, translations, patents, books, and software. The NSA publication was distributed to depository libraries at no cost in order to ensure free public access. One might ask why it was distributed for free. Scientific and technical information was, and remains, the principle deliverable stemming from the huge research and development programme sponsored by the Federal government. Scientific and technical information is an integral part of that programme, much as the white pages are an integral part of the business of the phone company. Access to information stemPubSCIENCE: hyperlinking to the physical sciences 65


Three cobalt mixed oxide deN2O catalysts, with optimal content of alkali metals (K, Cs), were prepared on a large scale, shaped into tablets, and tested in a pilot plant reactor connected to the bypassed tail gas from the nitric production plant, downstream from the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia (SCR NOx/NH3) catalyst. High efficiency in N2O removal (N2O conversion of 75–90% at 450 °C, VHSV = 11,000 m3 mbed−3 h−1) was achieved. However, a different activity order of the commercially prepared catalyst tablets compared to the laboratory prepared catalyst grains was observed. Catalytic experiments in the kinetic regime using laboratory and commercial prepared catalysts and characterization methods (XRD, TPR-H2, physisorption, and chemical analysis) were utilized to explain this phenomenon. Experimentally determined internal effectiveness factors and their general dependency on kinetic constants were evaluated to discuss the relationship between the catalyst activity in the kinetic regime and the internal diffusion limitation in catalyst tablets as well as their morphology. The theoretical N2O conversion as a function of the intrinsic kinetic constants and diffusion rate, expressed as effective diffusion coefficients, was evaluated to estimate the final catalyst performance on a large scale and to answer the question of the above article title.


Xiaolin Ren, Wei-Chih Chen, Jiarui Li, Qiang Gao, Joshua Sanchez, Hailan Luo, Fanny Rodolakis, Jessica L. McChesney, John W. Freeland, Tao Xiang, Jiangping Hu, Riccardo Comin, Yao Wang3,∗, X. J. Zhou1,2,6,7,∗, and Zhihai Zhu1,2,7,∗ Institute of Physics, National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China ∗To whom correspondence should be addressed. Emails :firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, email@example.com (Dated: March 10, 2022)


A framework of 3-DOF internal model control for anti-windup was devised after analyzing the 2-DOF internal model control's function of anti-windup.And the steps of designing the three controllers were given out in details.The stability of the system was also analyzed.The design of Q1(s)and Q2(s) used the theory of internal model control and the design of Q3(s) used the method of conditioning technique.The analysis of the stability of the system used the Popov's criterion.The result of the simulation has demonstrated that this method can realize the decoupling of anti-windup,reference tracing and disturbance rejection.


Climate change exacerbates the existing risks to coastal areas which are exposed to sea-level fluctuations, coastal inundation and river flooding from extreme weather events. This exacerbates the risk to households and settlements; businesses; infrastructure and essential services; and industry such as fishing and tourism. The climate projections facilitate effective planning and adaptation measures to counter: deleterious impacts of climate change. The social economic and environmental impact of climate change is significant and affects both government and the broader community at all levels. Both projects generate significant externalities that accrue to the broader community.


Abstract The main aim of the study is to establish the effects of online unpaid reviews posted by internet celebrities (renowned vloggers) on audience's purchase intention, product recommendation and engagement on the platform. The empirical research conducted for this purpose revealed that audience's attitude towards the vlogger is positively affected by the perceived attributes of the vlogger - trustworthiness, expertise and attractiveness. Further, the attitudes towards the vlogger reflect on the attitudes towards the reviewed product, and both have positive effects on the purchase intention, product recommendations and actions on Youtube. Despite being influenced by the attitudes towards the vlogger and the product, the attitudes towards the video content don't have a significant impact on audience's intentions. Additional multi-group analysis showed significant differences based on audience's gender and their familiarity with the vlogger.


Background. The annual death rate from stroke in Russia remains the highest in the world.
Aims: To study the influence of combined methods of medical rehabilitation on the psychological status and functional independence of patients with post-stroke spasticity.
Materials and methods. The article presents data on the effectiveness of the influence on the psychological status and functional independence of the combined methods of medical rehabilitation in 60 patients with ischemic stroke with movement disorders in the form of hemiparesis with increased muscle tone by the type of spasticity in the long-term period. The patients were divided into 2 groups comparable in terms of clinical and functional characteristics: the main group (n=30), who received combined methods of physiotherapy (thermotherapy, oxygen therapy, oxyhyperthermia, vibrotherapy, aromatherapy) from the Alpha LED Oxu Light Spa apparatus in addition to the standard rehabilitation complex , which includes exercise therapy, medical massage, kinesitherapy, and a control group (n=30), who received only a standard rehabilitation complex. To assess the initial psychological status and functional independence of the observed patients undergoing medical rehabilitation in the period from 3 to 6 months after the disease, the SAN method (well-being, activity, mood) and the FIM scale were used.
Results. Before the start of rehabilitation in all patients included in the study. Тhere was a moderate degree of deterioration in well-being, a decrease in activity and mood, as well as a decrease in indicators of independence in everyday life. After the course of treatment (on day 14) and in the long-term period (after 8 months) the patients of the main group had a pronounced positive dynamics of the psycho-emotional status, which was manifested in an improvement in the indicators of well-being by 1.93 times (by 28%), activity by 1.95 times (by 29.6%) and mood by 2.01 times (by 29.8%) points. In the control group, after the standard course of treatment, there was less pronounced dynamics of psychometric indicators. When evaluating the results of functional independence on the FIM scale, there was a significant improvement in the indicators of independence in everyday life by 32%.
Conclusion. The use of combined methods of medical rehabilitation in patients with post-stroke spasticity contributes to a significant increase in their quality of life and psychological status, which is confirmed by the FIM and SAN tests.


To trace source and identify substances of an offensive odor emitted in Nanjing city sometimes,carbon disulfide was determined by sampling ambient air with specially prepared canisters,and was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer after extraction with pre-concentrator.The lowest concentration of the method was 0.003 mg/m~3,and it satisfied the detection(requirement) for 0.04 mg/m~3 which is the permitted concentration of carbon disulfide for ambient air standard of hazard substances in inhabitant area of China(TJ36-79).


Background and Purpose— The purpose was to investigate the occurrence of self-reported falls in people with stroke at 3, 6, and 12 months and 6 years post stroke and predictors for falls during 6 years. Methods— A prospective study involving 121 people with stroke. Data were obtained through structured interviews and assessments. Generalized estimating equation modeling using proportional odds was used to explore the predictive value of fall history, functioning/disability, and personal factors during 6 years. Results— The proportion of fallers constituted of 35%, 26%, 33%, and 35% of the sample at 3, 6, and 12 months and 6 years of follow-up, respectively. Higher perceived effect of stroke on activities of daily living (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.80), falls at 3 months (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.94), and no gait/balance disability at baseline (odds ratio, 7.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.99–26.73) were predictors for future falls. During the 6 years, the odds for a fall decreased for participants with gait/balance disability at baseline but increased for those with no gait/balance disability. Conclusions— Results highlight the importance of performing fall risk evaluations over time among people with stroke, even when gait and balance functioning initially post stroke is good.


The hurricane season of 2004 brought significant damage to the southeast United States through wind, wave, and flooding effects. Executing the recovery missions resulted in enormous workloads and many logistical challenges as hurricane after hurricane continued to impact the southeast. The US Army Corps of Engineers were tasked with several key missions to assist victims of the hurricanes in recovery efforts and in preparing for the next hurricane season. One element of this mission, requiring an emergency response to hurricane impacts on Federal Shore Protection Projects totalling nearly 82 miles of coastal shoreline, resulted in the placement of nearly 18 million cubic yards of sand to mitigate for the hurricane impacts and restore the projects to their authorized design levels. Although these projects experienced large erosion losses due to the prolonged storms, they performed as intended and designed. This paper presents the impacts of the 2004 hurricane season on the Federal projects, their performance during the storms, and the resulting emergency restoration efforts. This paper also provides comparisons of hurricane impacts on protected shorelines versus non-protected shorelines; such comparisons highlight the successes of beach nourishment.


Since multi‐access edge computing (MEC) was established as a key enabler of 5G, MEC based on 5G networks (5G MEC) has been perceived as a new business opportunity for many industry players, including telecom operators. Numerous 5G MEC cooperation announcements among companies playing their respective roles in the MEC ecosystem have been recently released. However, because of cooperative and competitive relationships among key players in the MEC ecosystem and the uncertainty of 5G MEC, the announcement of 5G MEC cooperation can negatively affect the telecom operators' firm value. This study investigates the market reaction to announcements of 5G MEC cooperation for telecom operators using an event study methodology. The empirical results show that announcements of 5G MEC cooperation have a negative impact on the telecom operators' firm value. The results also show that the early deployment of 5G networks may reduce the negative impact of 5G MEC cooperation announcements by reducing uncertainty.


Based on the air temperature and precipitation data in summer for 81 stations,calculated variance coefficient and "Z" index.Results into the weight and light drought flood can be classified grades standard,calculated occurred per cent age,results into the three weight,middle,light regionalization and has been regionalization of mainly drought flood region and proposed seven countermeasure.


Let (D) denote the twin domination number of digraph D and let Cm Cn denote the Cartesian product of Cm and Cn, the directed cycles of length m;n ≥ 2. In this paper, we determine the exact values: (C2 Cn) = n; (C3 Cn) = n if n ≡ 0 (mod3), otherwise, (C3 Cn) = n + 1; (C4 Cn) = n + ⌈ n 2 ⌉ if n ≡ 0;3;5 (mod8), otherwise, (C4 Cn) = n + ⌈ n ⌉ + 1; (C5 Cn) = 2n; (C6 Cn) = 2n if n ≡ 0 (mod3), otherwise, (C6 Cn) = 2n + 2.


French Guiana, sandwiched between Suriname and Brazil, receives demographic, economic, and cultural flows that cross borders inherited from colonial history. Some Native American groups have a special place in this process, moving since long ago and up to now across borders. The case of the Karipuna who settled in neighboring Brazil and come to work in French Guiana illustrates the particular place occupied by these groups but also the effects of the present imposition of a border that had long remained virtual. These populations then moved from the status of Indians with privileged access to French territory to that of Brazilian migrants, to which the state applies stricter rules that limit mobilities. As a result, they are now seen through the derogatory stereotype applied to other Brazilian migrants in French Guiana.


In this study, the color and color fastness properties of the dyed plain knitted fabrics made from 50/50 bamboo/cotton blended yarns with three different stitch lengths are investigated in comparison with those of the similar fabrics made from 50/50 conventional viscose/cotton and 50/50 modal/cotton blended yarns. Abrasion behaviors of the fabrics are assessed by measuring the weight loss and the color values after four different increasing abrasion cycles. The bamboo/cotton fabrics reveal the highest K/S and C* values, but the lowest L* values before abrasion. The lowest weight loss values are obtained for the bamboo/cotton fabrics. Regarding the color properties after abrasion, the bamboo/cotton fabrics show the highest K/S and C* values, but the lowest L* values as in the case of those obtained before abrasion. The highest color difference values (ΔE*) occurred between the beginning and the end of the abrasion test (20000 cycles) and are observed for the bamboo/cotton fabrics. The rubbing, wash and perspiration fastness results of the bamboo/cotton fabrics are found to be worse than those of the other fabrics having viscose/cotton and modal/cotton yarns. However, the highest light fastness results are obtained for the bamboo/cotton fabrics. From the color values after abrasion and the fastness results, it can be concluded that the bamboo/cotton fabrics having the better dyeing properties lose their color more easily than the other fabrics having the viscose/cotton and modal/cotton yarns. The results also indicate that stitch length affects the color values before abrasion and the weight loss and color values after abrasion.


The relation between non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and Chlamydia trachomatis infection continues to arouse interest.1 The recent study by Haddow et al confirms the findings we published earlier2—that is, that 34–37% of …


, Wenigstenns having arrangement of a sensor in a vehicle, wherein the sensor (1) is used to determine the yaw behavior of the vehicle a micromechanical oscillating circuit and on a base plate (2) is arranged, which via at least one damping element (3a, 3b) (with the body 4) is connected, so that the natural frequency (f


We report continuous observations in the high Arctic (north of 84°N) over the full 2013 summer season at two nearby sites with distinct initial snow depth, ice thickness, and altitude with respect to the local ice topography. The two sites, subject to similar atmospheric conditions that did not favor strong ice melt, showed contrasting evolutions. One site, with initially thin sea ice (1.40 m) at a relatively low location of the fl oe, witnessed the formation of a spectacular 1.20 ‐ m ‐ deep melt pond, a pond ‐ enhanced erosion of the ice surface, and a sudden pond drainage into the ocean. Then, the outpoured fresh water rapidly froze, heated the old ice from below, and also acted as a temporary shield from the ocean heat fl ux while it was progressively ablated through dissolution. Eventually, the site almost recovered its initial ice thickness. In contrast, the other site, with initially thicker sea ice (1.75 m) at a relatively high location on its fl oe, did not support any signi fi cant meltwater and underwent over 0.5 m of continuous basal ablation. The two sites experienced formation of superimposed and interposed ice. Sea ice survived summer melt at the two sites, which entered the refreezing season with similar snow and ice thicknesses. For the fi rst time, processes associated with the formation of a deep melt pond and subsequent false bottom evolution are continuously documented with ice mass balance instruments.


In this work, we developed a numerical solver, integrated it into the OpenFOAM platform, for modeling electroconvective flow. The solver deals with the system of Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Navier-Stokes equations. The finite volume schemes functioned in OpenFOAM were used for discretisation of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations. The Newton method was employed to solve the nonlinear Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations in a coupled manner. The validation shows the high accuracy of our solver. It is used to investigate ion conduction in the electrodialysis cell. The simulation results have allowed examining the flow's profile, ion distribution in different regimes of the system. Especially, the mechanisms behind the vortex formation in the channel can be explained by these results. This solver developed on OpenFoam open-source code provides the research community with a valuable tool for the study of electrochemical problems.


A transport-independent asynchronous RPC (remote procedure call) mechanism (ASTRA) that combines the advantages of both RPC and message-passing IPC (interprocess communication) has been designed and implemented. ASTRA calls do not block the caller (client) and the replies can be received as and when they are needed, thus allowing the client execution to proceed locally in parallel with the server invocation. All the calls are received and executed by the server in the order called by the client. ASTRA is unique among other asynchronous RPC systems in allowing its users to explicitly specify whether low-latency or high-throughput is required for a call, and in providing highly optimized lightweight intramachine calls. ASTRA is built within the framework of the SHILPA distributed computing environment.<<ETX>>


The invention relates to a swinging wave power generation device, which comprises a plurality of unidirectional driving units in a column, a plurality of swinging units connected with the unidirectional driving units respectively, a plurality of floating body units connected with the swinging units respectively, a plurality of uniform revolving speed units connected with the unidirectional driving units respectively, a transmission shaft, a speed changing unit and a generator; the main body framework comprises a rudder plate extending into the water; each unidirectional driving unit comprises an input gear, an output rotating shaft and a gear transmission set; each floating body unit comprises two floating bodies, and the floating bodies float and sink interactively due to wave, so that the swinging units are linked with the input gears to rotate interactively in the clockwise and anticlockwise directions, unidirectional output is generated to the output rotating shafts and finally transferred to the uniform revolving speed units; the uniform revolving speed units transmit kinetic energy to the speed changing unit through the transmission shaft; and the generator receives the rotating kinetic energy of the speed changing unit and generates power.


In June 1996, thrombolytic tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute cerebrovascular syndromes within 3 h of symptom onset. Approval followed 2 years later in Canada, and then in Europe in 2003, when it was approved by the European Medicine Evaluation Agency (EMEA). Immediate professional recommendations were published, and large public-awareness campaigns were launched to improve recognition of symptom alert ('Stroke is a brain attack') and to inform patients about the narrow therapeutic window ('Time is brain'). The goal was to treat at least 10% of stroke patients with intravenous (i.v.) tPA by the year 2010. What have we managed to achieve over the past decade? In 2005, in France – which has a population of 63 million – fewer than 800 patients (less than 0 2% of all strokes) were treated with i.v. tPA within the 3-h time window, and in no more than 30 hospitals (data from Lettre du Neurol. 2006; 09:72–73). In the most active center, i.v. thrombolysis was administered to only 49 of 1400 patients – 900 of whom presented with stroke and 500 with a transient ischemic attack (TIA). In countries with well-organized medical care, specifically the United States and Germany, only 3% and 5% of patients, respectively, are being treated with tPA. These figures represent current optimal access to care. While many patients and their relatives still do not respond appropriately to the symptoms of an acute ischemic attack because of ignorance or procrastination, many others simply live too far away from a stroke unit, even if helicopter facilities are available. These patients are unable to present within the therapeutic window, even if they are taken immediately to the stroke unit. This creates a dichotomy of care for stroke management: one for fortunate patients who are located sufficiently close to a stroke unit to arrive within the 3-h therapeutic window, and another for patients who are unable to present sufficiently quickly to benefit from tPA.


Gunshot sounds are common in crimes, particularly those involving threats, harassment, or killing. The gunshot sounds in crimes can create fear and panic among victims, often leading to psychological trauma. Gunshot sounds are associated with a significant mortality rate, especially in cases of gun violence. The sound of gunshots can serve as evidence in criminal investigations, allowing law enforcement officials to determine the number of shots fired, the caliber of the gun used, and the distance from which the shots were fired. Efficient gunshot detection is necessary to address the issue of gun violence in society. This study aims to detect gunshot sounds using an efficient approach to prevent crimes. The frequency-time domain spectrum analysis is performed to understand the patterns of signals related to each target class. A novel Discrete Wavelet Transform Random Forest Probabilistic (DWT-RFP) feature engineering approach is proposed, which takes Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) extracted from gunshot sound data as input for feature extraction. A novel meta-learning-based Meta-RF-KN (MRK) is proposed to detect gunshots based on newly created ensemble features with a DWT-RFP approach. For experiments, the gunshot sounds dataset containing 851 audio clips collected from public videos on YouTube from eight kinds of gun models, is used. Advanced machine learning and deep learning techniques are applied in comparison to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. Extensive experiments show that the proposed MRK approach achieves 99% k-fold accuracy for detecting gunshots and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed approach can potentially be used for accurate gunshot detection and to help prevent crimes.


The article analyzes scientific approaches to defining the concepts of "inequality", "social inequality", "economic inequality", "socio-economic inequality", "economic stratifica-tion". The main determinants and principles of the emergence of inequality and approaches to its reduction are visualized, as well as specific types and manifestations of inequality. It was established that the main criteria for assessing economic inequality are the level of income, the Gini quintile coefficient, the differentiation of wealth, the percentage of accumulation, the presence of property, the share of small and medium-sized businesses, and the level of employment. The main criteria for assessing social inequality are determined, namely: the size of the subsistence minimum, the size and composition of the population, the level of health care, the level of education, and the level of social protection. Based on the analysis of approaches to distinguishing manifestations of inequality, the article distinguishes between regional, national and global inequality. Generalization of the work of domestic and foreign scientists made it possible to improve the classification of approaches to types of economic inequality and specify manifestations of inequality inherent in each of its types. It is substantiated that technological changes, which have become an integral part of the development of entrepreneurship, are important factors influencing the change in inequality in the incomes of the population over the past few decades. With this in mind, global drivers of changes in income distribution and factors ensuring such changes within the country are determined. It was determined that the causes of income inequality among the population can be the characteristics of the households themselves, and the drivers of income inequality among the population were identified.


Abstract Introduction Thyroid nodules (TN) are common and the prevalence increases with age, however, 95% are benign. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the gold standard to evaluate TN. We previously demonstrated the rate of surgery was significantly lower in the older (O) vs. younger (Y) patients in the subgroup of benign (6.5% vs. 15.7%, P < 0.01) disease. This study will determine if indeterminate TN (ITN) in the O vs. Y patients have differences in ultrasound (US) features, molecular studies and surgical management. Methods 1402 sequential TN (greater than 1 cm) were biopsied from January 2015 - December 2016. Demographic data, US characteristics, molecular studies and pathology results were compared between older ≥ 65 year-old (O) and the younger < 65 year-old (Y) patients. Results/ Discussion The 442 (31.5%) ITN (Bethesda 3, 4, 5) were included in this study. There were 101 patients (22.8%) older than 65 years. The mean age was 72.0 ± 5.6 vs. 47.0 ± 11.4 years in the O and Y groups. There was no difference in gender or TN size (2.6 ± 1.2 vs. 2.6 ± 1.3 cm, P=0.40) between the groups. The O group had less Hispanic patients (10.9% vs. 23.8%, P=0.04) and more multinodular glands (81.4% vs. 67.0%, P=0.01) compared to the Y group. ThyroSeq V.2 molecular test was performed in 96.8% of ITN. Rates of positive mutations were similar (37.6% vs. 34.6%, P=0.86) but the high risk mutations were less common in the O vs. Y group (42.1% vs. 72.9%, P< 0.01). Surgery was performed in 159 (36.0%) ITN. Surgery rates of ITN were lower in the O vs. Y group (27.7% vs 38.4%, P= 0.05). Surgical pathology of all ITN showed benign 57.8%, malignancy 24.7%, and NIFTP 9.2%. Pathology was not different in both groups (P=0.36). Although malignancy occurred in 42.9% vs. 29.8%, P=0.18, in the O vs. Y groups, the difference was not significant. Suspicious US characteristics were not affected by age group (P= 0.66). The ITN with malignant pathology was significantly associated with Bethesda 5 cytology, high risk mutations and US characteristics including hypoechogenicity, undulating/ lobulated/ infiltrative margins, micro-, macrocalcification, and high intranodular blood flow (P< 0.01). In the O group, ITN with malignant pathology was not associated with microcalcification but was associated with hypoechogenicity, abnormal margins, macrocalcification and vascular flow. Conclusions Among ITN in the elderly of our cohort, the frequency of high risk molecular mutations and the surgical rates were lower than in the young adults. The typical high risk US characteristics associated with malignancy can be used to guide the practical ITN management combined with FNA results and molecular studies in the elderly. This study suggests differences in pathology and management of ITN between older and younger patients.


Between September 1986 and December 1987 we treated 82 patients with head and neck malignancies in our department, of which 45 were males and 37 were females. There were 43.1% 70 years old or older. The primary sites included thyroid cancer (22 cases), laryngeal cancer (19 cases), oral cancer (12 cases) and others. There were 65.4% advanced cases of stage III and IV. Various complications were found including hypertension, angina pectoris, cerebral arteriosclerosis, respiratory dysfunction, diabetes mellitus and others. The level of serum immunosupressive substances were elevated in the advanced cases.


A core technique of modern tools for formally reasoning about computing systems is generating and dispatching queries to automated theorem provers, including Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) provers. SMT provers aim at the tight integration of decision procedures for propositional satisfiability and decision procedures for fixed first-order theories – known as theory solvers. This thesis presents several advancements in the design and implementation of theory solvers for quantifier-free linear real, integer, and mixed integer and real arithmetic. These are implemented within the SMT system CVC4. We begin by formally describing the Satisfiability Modulo Theories problem and the role of theory solvers within CVC4. We discuss known techniques for building solvers for quantifier-free linear real, integer, and mixed integer and real arithmetic around the Simplex for SMT algorithm. We give several small improvements to theory solvers using this algorithm and describe the implementation and theory of this algorithm in detail. To extend the class of problems that the theory solver can robustly support, we borrow and adapt several techniques from linear programming (LP) and mixed integer programming (MIP) solvers which come from the tradition of optimization. We propose a new decision procedure for quantifier-free linear real arithmetic that replaces the Simplex for SMT algorithm with a variant of the Simplex algorithm that performs a form of optimization – minimizing the sum of infeasibilties. In this thesis, we additionally describe techniques for leveraging LP and MIP solvers to improve the performance of SMT solvers without compromising correctness. Previous efforts to leverage such solvers in the context of SMT have concluded that in addition to being potentially unsound, such solvers are too heavyweight to compete in the context of SMT. We present an empirical comparison against other state-of-theart SMT tools to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.


HE CASE OF A 58-year-old widow will T demonstrate why modern hospitals are troubled by recurrent staphylococcal infections. This healthy-appearing grandmother first presented herself for medical care early in January, 1958, because of a carbuncle on her right breast. She also had a draining, sloughing carbuncle on her left forearm that initially appeared in mid-December, 1957. The granulating crater of a healing carbuncle also persisted over the angle of her right scapula. The latter lesion was acute late in November, 1957. She was not ill or uncomfortable. Hospitalization was advised to discover the cause for the continued skin infections. Little was discovered concerning the host parasite relationship. Because the staphylococcus was of a type alien to the hospital, its clinical habits could be studied.


Apart from the space S = S (Ω), which was studied in detail in Chapter 1, the space C = C (Ω) of all continuous functions on a complete metric space Ω plays an important role in both linear and nonlinear analysis. If Ω is a compact subset of Euclidean space without isolated points, most results on the superposition operator in C (Ω) are of course well-known "folklore". For instance, in this case F maps C into itself if and only if f is continuous on Ω × ℝ, and F is always bounded and continuous. A somewhat more careful analysis is required, however, if Ω, has isolated points. Before studying the superposition operator in the space C , we discuss a certain continuity property "up to small sets" of functions f = f(s, u) which is usually called the Scorza–Dragoni property. It turns out that the functions having this property are precisely the Caratheodory functions. The main sections of this chapter are devoted to the study of the superposition operator from C into C , from C into S , and from S into C . Since C is a thick set in S , there is no essential difference between the cases F(S) ⊆ S and F(C) ⊆ S . On the other hand, the requirement that F(S) ⊆ C leads to a strong degeneracy, as will be shown at the end of Section 6.4.


I have always benefited from the new technologies available to me as I have grown up. Unfortunately, many teachers and adults overlook these new technologies as educational tools since they simply do not know how they work or simply how to use them themselves. With the six game designs contained within my marketing proposal, I hope to overcome these obstacles and design a series of interactive tools that educators, parents, and students alike will be able to easily use and learn from. While my proposal will be directed toward the director and original design team of the proposed children's television program, I hope that educators looking to incorporate new technologies into their classrooms can also use the information held within my proposal. Acknowledgements • I would like to thank Mrs. Donna Williams for advising me through this project. Without her support and guidance throughout this project and the knowledge gained from her experiences, my career at Ball State would not have been as successful. • I would also like to thank my roommates, Chad Huff and Joseph Rothrock, for reading through many drafts of this project along with dealing with all of my stress. • Finally, I would like to thank Jessica Kerman for putting me in touch with the creators of the original television show, Our Magical World, which got this project started.


Animal experiments and observational studies in humans suggest that vitamin D deficiency might play a role in development of diabetes. To examine whether supplementation affects progression to diabetes, investigators in Norway randomized 511 adults with prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance) …


The biomass and productivity of Quercus acutissima plantation with 27-year age in Liangfengjiang National Forest Park,Guangxi were studied by building different biomass models of different organs to provide a reference for cultivation and management of Q.acutissima.The total biomass of Q.acutissimaplantation was up to 236.07t/hm2.The biomass per standing tree increased with diameter increasing and there was significant difference in biomass between different diameters.The biomass of different organs was trunkbranchroot stumpleafthick rootmedium rootrootlet.The annual net productivity of stand tree was 14.94t/(hm2·a)and the leaf annual net productivity reached 6.21t/(hm2·a),which was the highest among different organs.In conclusion,the biomass of Q.acutissima plantation with higher leaf annual net productivity and rapid circulation of stand material concentrates mainly on trucks,which indicated that Q.acutissima was a good fast-growing tree species.


Sensing devices based on Graphene Field Effect Transistors (G-FET) have been demonstrated by several groups to show excellent sensitivity for a variety of chemical agents. These devices are based on measuring changes in the electrical conductivity of graphene when exposed to various chemicals. However, because of its unique band structure, graphene also exhibits changes in its optical response upon chemical exposure. The conical intersection of the valence and conduction bands results in a low density of states near the Dirac point. At this point, chemical doping resulting from molecular binding to graphene can result in dramatic changes in graphene's optical absorption. Here we will discuss our recent work in developing a graphene planar lightwave circuit (PLC) sensor which exploits these optical and electronic properties of graphene to demonstrate chemical sensitivity. The devices are based on a strong evanescent coupling of graphene via electrically gated silicon nanowire waveguides. A strong response in the form of a reversible optical attenuation change of 6 dB is shown when these devices interact with toxic industrial chemicals such as iodine and ammonia. The optical transition can also be tuned to the optical c-band (1530-1565 nm) which enables these devices to operate at telecom wavelengths.


The invention relates to a photocatalytic self-cleaning nano-titania porcelain enamel substrate and a method for preparing the same. Raw materials comprise the following chemical compositions in percentage by weight: 35.0 to 68.0 percent of SiO2, 0.5 to 3.0 percent of Al2O3, 10.0 to 20.0 percent of B2O3, 12.0 to 20.0 percent of TiO2, 1.0 to 5.0 percent of K2O, 5.0 to 12.0 percent of Na2O, 3.0 to 8.0 percent of SiF6 and 1.0 to 3.0 percent of P2O5. The preparation method comprises that: the raw materials are mixed, melted, quenched and dried to prepare a porcelain enamel melted block; the porcelain enamel melted block, nano-titania, and the like are mixed, ground and sifted to obtain porcelain enamel; a steel plate which is subjected to derusting treatment is coated with the porcelain enamel so as to obtain the photocatalytic self-cleaning nano-titania porcelain enamel substrate with excellent photocatalytic performance and chemical stability; and the photocatalytic self-cleaning nano-titania porcelain enamel substrate has a simple preparation process and low production cost.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the trajectory of clinical symptoms and biomarkers in the last four weeks of life in terminally ill cancer patients.

STUDY DESIGN
Observational study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
Department of Oncology, Shijingshan hospital, Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, between January 2017 and January 2020.

METHODOLOGY
This study evaluated 173 terminally ill cancer patients. Seventeen symptoms and fifteen biomarkers were identified. For sequential analysis, the authors divided the final four weeks of life into four time periods from the date of death. Ordinal multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between the changes in clinical parameters and the risk of death in a given period. Changes in clinical parameters across different time periods were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

RESULTS
Abnormal consciousness; elevated ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) scores, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP)-to-albumin ratio; and decreased platelet (PLT) counts were independent factors (p<0.05) for predicting closer death in the final month of life. All parameters above showed significant changes over time in the last month, although the starting time points for these changes varied.

CONCLUSION
Abnormal consciousness, elevated ECOG scores, NLR, BUN-to-creatinine ratio, CRP-to-albumin ratio, and decreased PLT counts are potentially useful markers for approaching death in terminally ill cancer patients. These findings are valuable for understanding the biology of death in terminally ill cancer patients. And to some extent, they may help clinicians recognise that a patient will die in the near future.

KEY WORDS
Cancer, Ordinal regression analysis, Death, Terminal illness, Biomarkers.


Here we report Atom Probe Tomography (APT) analyses of grain and phase boundaries of laboratory-deformed, fine-grained mixtures of clinopyroxene and olivine (Zhao, et al., 2019).  The experiments show that the mixtures deform much more rapidly than either mineral endmember.  This enhanced deformation in the two-phase material is due to stress-driven reactions at the phase boundaries. Lower effective viscosities of phase mixtures may be critical to the initiation of plate tectonics and the formation of mantle shear zones.

The hypothesis presented here is that the ‘bulk rock’ – a wehrlite – deforms rapidly because conversion of one phase to the other occurs at phase boundaries (e.g., Sundberg & Cooper, 2008).  In this model, grain-scale transport of the shared (slowly-diffusing) mineralogical component Si4+ is not required.  The near-boundary gradients of olivine-insoluble ions are presented as evidence of the phase transformation which either dissolves olivine into clinopyroxene or vice versa.

The resolving power of the APT makes it a promising tool for investigating the microphysics of rock deformation, bridging the atomic scale all the way to the plate-tectonic scale.

References:
Sundberg M, Cooper RF (2008) Crystallographic preferred orientation produced by diffusional creep of harzburgite: effects of chemical interactions among phases during plastic flow. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 113(12):B12208.
Zhao N, Hirth G, Cooper RF, Kruckenberg SC, Cukjati J (2019) Low viscosity of mantle rocks linked to phase boundary sliding. Earth Planet Sci Lett 517:83–94.


Until the early 1980s, the major sources of information on the Plio-Pleistocene macro-fauna of South Africa were sites located in the hominine-bearing dolomitic breccia sites, Gauteng Province, South Africa or in close proximity to this area (e.g. Cooke 1963; 1968; Hendey 1974; Vrba 1976; 1981; Brain 1981; Klein 1984). Information on the more arid, central region of South Africa, which today is characterized by grassland and Nama-Karoo vegetation, was far more limited, primarily due to the lower intensity of research and the fact that most localities in this region represented open sites which often lacked organic remains-including hominines, and proved difficult to date. In the past three decades this picture has changed, following renewed palaeontological research at sites in this arid central region, for example at Cornelia-Uitzoek (Bender & Brink 1992; Brink & Rossouw 2000; Brink 2004; Brink et al. 2012), Equus Cave (Klein et al. 1991), Erfkroon (Churchill et al. 2000; Bousman et al. 2009) and Florisbad (Brink 1987; 1988; 2005; Brink & Henderson 2000; Coetzee & Brink 2004; Manegold & Brink 2011). In this context, Wonderwerk Cave (2750′ 45′′S. 23 33′ 19′′E), a dolomitic phreatic cavity located in the Kuruman Hills, some 60 km south of the town of Kuruman, in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa (Figure 1), is of particular interest. Excavations and investigations have been undertaken at this site since the 1940s by several different teams, with the most extensive excavations carried out between the 1970s-1990s by P.B. Beaumont then archaeologist of the McGregor Museum, Kimberley (Northern Cape Province) (Beaumont and Vogel 2006; also see Chazan & Horwitz, this volume, for details). This research has documented an extremely long archaeological record within the cave spanning some 1.8 million years, representing the Earlier (ESA), Middle (MSA) and Later (LSA) Stone Ages (Malan and Wells 1943; Humphreys & Thackeray 1983; Beaumont & Vogel 2006). In 2006, a new research program was launched – in which the current research forms a part – aimed at dating the ESA-MSA sequences at Wonderwerk, clarifying their geological contexts and analysing the organic and lithic collections deriving from the Beaumont excavations associated with these periods (Chazan et al. 2008; 2012; Matmon et al. 2012; Chazan & Horwitz, this volume). Here we present the preliminary findings of the analysis of the large faunal component derived from the two lowest archaeological strata, 12 and 11, which span the period 1.81.1 Ma (Matmon et al. 2012) and contain a small core and flake assemblage identified as Oldowan (Stratum 12) overlain by an Acheulean assemblage (Stratum11) (Chazan et al. 2012; see also Chazan, in this volume).


The equation of motion for a charge in an electromagnetic field is written in the Fermi coordinates of an observer moving with a constant acceleration g=9.8 m/${\mathrm{s}}^{2}$ (${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ in units such that c=1). This is involved in the equation of motion not only as a Newtonian term g\ensuremath{\rightarrow}, but also as a relativistic correction of the form ``-2(g\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\cdot}v\ensuremath{\rightarrow})v\ensuremath{\rightarrow}.'' We have studied the effect of this term under the conditions of an accelerator of particles. To this end, we have considered a constant and uniform magnetic field, and a periodic electric field, both directed along the vertical direction. When the frequency of the electric field is taken to be equal to the Larmor frequency of the charge in the magnetic field, a resonant effect occurs, producing a secular horizontal drift of the nearly circular trajectory.


Increasing competitiveness in the marketplace has led to pressure being applied to brands and past poor brand management in the 1980s saw brands suffering under short‐term, profitability‐based aims. The need for stability throughout the commercial environment in the 1990s has led to the longer‐term view now being adopted by marketing practitioners. This paper will highlight how direct marketing can be employed as a strategic marketing management tool to build a brand through the establishment of a mutually beneficial relationship. In this paper the authors will demonstrate the important role that direct marketing can play in establishing and building a brand through the in‐depth analysis of a single case study within the business‐to‐business arena. By using the case study approach the authors will combine relevant theory and practice to illustrate the potential of direct marketing in brand building.


The robot's mobility and intelligence have expanded its application in recent years. Specifically, indoor tracking is a fundamental function of public service robots in nursing homes, hospitals, and warehouses. Existing vision-based tracking requires visual information, which may be unavailable and introduce privacy issues in practical deployment. To this end, in this paper, we propose <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {LTrack}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, a long-range tracking system based on LoRa, an emerging low-power wide-area networking (LPWAN) technology, with a single transceiver pair. Note that commodity LoRa devices cannot estimate the angle of arrival (AoA) of signals due to hardware limitations. We design a virtual circular antenna array in the mobile rotating anchor via a lightweight hardware modification to multiplex the only RF channel in the low-cost LoRa device. The difference of time of flight (TDoF) measured in the circular antenna array is fused with the rotating orientation to estimate the target AoA. We also redesign and optimize the primitive LoRa ranging engine based on systematic analysis. Further, we present a real-time mobile target tracking algorithm based on the Doppler frequency shift to combat the uncertainty introduced by the target movement. We have developed the prototype of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {LTrack}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, which consists of a mobile rotating anchor, a LoRa tag, and a commercial robot. The system is evaluated in both LOS and NOLS indoor scenarios. Experiments show that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathsf {LTrack}$</tex-math></inline-formula> supports robust tracking with a median error of 0.12 m and 0.45 m in a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{137}\,\text{m}^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> lab space and a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{600}\,\text{m}^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> corridor, respectively.


Hausmannite (Mn3O4) is the stable phase of manganese oxides and has attracted interest due to its technological applications such as in molecular adsorption, ion exchange, catalysis, and water treatment. Hausmannite is a normal spinel structure that presents the formula A2+B23+O4, where the tetrahedral sites are occupied by Mn2+ and the octahedral sites by Mn3+ cations. The present work intends to fulfill the lack of information about the electronic and structural properties of hausmannite surfaces and their interaction with water. This is an important aspect for understanding the reaction mechanism occurring at the hausmannite–water interface. Density functional calculations have been employed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of hausmannite. Energy surfaces have been estimated for the low Miller indexes, and the water adsorption on the most favored surface was investigated in detail. The results indicate that the (001) cleavage surface is the most favored, in good agreement with th...


Tolerance to delayed-type hypersensitivity is produced in mice following an intravenous injection of herpes simplex virus. This form of tolerance is produced early on, following simultaneous injections of virus subcutaneously and intravenously, and is long lasting (greater than 100 days). The early tolerance mechanism is resistant to high doses of cyclophosphamide and is not transferable by serum or spleen cells taken after 7 days. However, spleen cells taken at 14 days onwards inhibit the induction of delayed hypersensitivity when transferred to normal syngeneic recipients. These cells are T lymphocytes and are specific for the herpes type used in the induction.


Although, the efficacy of 2g/kg IVGG has been widely accepted, 1g/kg single administration of IVGG(1g-IVGG) alone is also effective in a certain number of acute Kawasaki disease(KD) patients(pts). To investigate the efficacy of 1g-IVGG in acute KD pts, we reviewed 136 pts started with IVGG (108 pts started with 1g/kg, and 28 pts started with 2g/kg).Among 108 pts, 1g-IVGG alone was effective in 68 pts(63%)(CRP: 7.7+/-3.7mg/dl), and 35(32%) of 40 pts(CRP:10.7+/-6.5mg/dl,p<0.05)) who required additional therapy(AT) such as IVGG, Predonisolone or Ulinastatin, responded well. 2g-IVGG was started in 28 pts(21%) and effective in 10 pts(7%). The other 18 pts(13%) required AT. Coronary arterial sequelaes were recognized in 5 pts(3.7%) in 1g-IVGG plus AT and 1 pts (0.7%) in 2g-IVGG plus AT. If initial CRP is <12 mg/dl and WBC <15,000/μl, 1g-IVGG alone seemed to be effective in 35/48(73%) of pts(CRP: 6.6 vs 11.7 mg/dl,p<0.05). WBC/neutrophil counts reduced by –34%/-60% and CRP by –36% after 48 hrs. In pts requiring 1g-IVGG plus AT, WBC/neutrophil decreased only by –7.3%/-34% and CRP by –34%.We conclude that approximately 50%(68/136 pts) of acute KD pts can be treated with 1g-IVGG alone. CRP<12.0mg/dl and WBC<15,000μl seem to be good parameters that can predict the 73%response rate. Reduction of WBC/neutrophil and CRP may be hallmarks of the effectiveness.


Blast furnace slag (BFS), a calcium-rich industrial byproduct, has been utilized since 2005 as a mineral carbonation feedstock for CO2 sequestration, producing calcium carbonate precipitates. In this study, the conditions for the dissolution of Ca and Si in acetic acid, and subsequent carbonation, were elaborated. For this purpose, the retardation of the polymerization of silicon was attempted by varying the concentration of acetic acid, temperature, and leaching time. An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis revealed that both the Ca and Si dissolved completely within 30 min in 5% acetic acid at room temperature. This high dissolution value can be attributed to the fact that Ca was bound to O rather than to Si, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The use of CO2-absorbed monoethanolamine enabled the complete carbonation of BFS at ambient conditions without the need for a pH swing. The presence of dissolved silica was found to affect the polymorphs of the precipitated CaCO3. We believe that this process offers a simple method for manipulating the composites of products obtained by mineral carbonation diminishing the leaching residues.


Vertical aligned ZnO nanowire arrays with a long length and high aspect ratio were prepared successfully in a metastable supersaturated solution which was formed by the introduction of aluminum-iso-propylate into the growth solution. Investigations on the growth revealed that ZnO nanowires were preferentially grown along the c-axis in the metastable supersaturated solution and growth kinetics was subjected to reaction-limited growth. By the cyclic growth in the metastable supersaturated solution, the ZnO nanowire arrays with a length of 10 μm and aspect ratio of 70 could be prepared. The as-prepared ZnO nanowire arrays have potential applications in the next generation nanodevices.


Research consistently shows that children with siblings live at a greater distance from their parents than do only children. We extend this literature by assessing whether this difference varies as a function of parental need. Multinomial logistic regression analyses of German Ageing Survey data enriched with indicators at the district (Nomenclature of Statistical Territorial Units level three) level (n = 2,028) show that, in general, children with a sibling are less likely than only children to share a household with a parent. We do not find that children with a sibling are more likely than only children to live at great distance, that is, more than 2 hours away, from their parents. The differences between only children and children with siblings in parent–child proximity are most pronounced when parents are coping with severe health limitations. It is well established that only children are more likely than children with siblings to provide support and care to ageing parents. Our findings suggest that, in addition, only children might be more compelled than their counterparts with siblings to adjust their living arrangements in order to facilitate caregiving when parent care needs manifest themselves. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This article studies the key business requirements of cloud data centre network virtualization, and analyses the problems existing in the existing Overlay SDN data centre network virtualization products. At the same time, a general SDN system solution based on Open Daylight and white box switches to support network virtualization of heterogeneous cloud platforms is proposed and the corresponding system implementation is given.


New legislation emphasizes the importance of proper disposal of the residues of plant protection products in farms in the agricultural and horticultural sector, because some of those residues may remain in soil in unchanged form for several years, thus affecting the biodiversity of soil microorganisms. A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the methods of application and disposal of plant protection products by professional users. Biodiversity of microbial communities in soil at sites contaminated by xenobiotics from point sources was evaluated in a laboratory experiment. The awareness of the users of plant protection products regarding responsible and safe use of approved sprayers and the need to train persons performing protective treatments was satisfactory. However, the respondents demonstrated a low level of environmental awareness, and they often declared that in their farms the residues of plant protection products are disposed of in the same place repeatedly. Such practices reduce the biodiversity of soil-dwelling microbes, in particular, the counts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In most cases, fungi of the genus Mucor and the species of Fusarium culmorum and Gliocladium roseum did not respond to the presence of the residues of plant protection products in soil.

http://www.ineko.net.pl/pdf-60600-3638?filename=THE EFFECT OF IMPROPER.pdf


Aim To study isolation and purification of Gonyautoxins from two different strains of Alexandrium minutum Halim. Methods Ethanol extracts of the two culture strains of Alexandrium minutum Halim were fractionated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography to obtain gonyautoxins. The toxin profiles were tested by HPLC method. Results Both strains contain gonyautoxin-1, gonyautoxin-2, gonyautoxin-3 and gonyautoxin-4. The total gonyautoxin content of Amtk4 strain is almost 10 times higher than that of Amtk2 strain. Conclusion Alexandrium minutum Halim Amtk4 strain is suitable for the preparation of Gonyautoxins.


AIM
To study the protein binding of glimepiride.

METHODS
An HPLC-FA method is performed by using Pinkerton GFF II-S5-80 internal-surface reversed-phase silica support (150 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) at pH 7.4 in a 67 mmol x L(-1) isotonic sodium phosphate buffer at 37 degree C. Other conditions included flow rate of 0.2 mL x min(-1), UV detection at wavelength 230 nm and injection volume 900 microL.

RESULTS
Nonlinear regression parameter estimation was used for the association constant measurement of glimepiride to both primary and secondary sites, which were 5.1 (micromol x L(-1)-1 and 1 for K1 and n1, and 0.017 (micromol x L(-1))-1 and 7 for K2 and n2, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The method is shown to be suitable for investigation of protein binding of glimepiride.


Fermentation of chilli contained the procedures of alcoholic fermentation and acetic fermentation.On the basis of alcoholic fermentation,the paper emphasized acetic fermentation of chilli.The optimal conditions of acetic fermentation of chilli were as follows: fermentation time 8d,fermentation temperature 32℃,alcohol content 6%vol and inoculums 10%.Under these conditions,total acid content reached 5.05g/100ml.


Objective To analyze the levels of C reactive protein(CRP)in sera from patients with ulcerative colitis(UC),and evaluate their role in the severity and clinical efficacy of UC.Methods CRP was determined in 40 patients with active UC,32 patients with in active UC and 42 healthy subjects.The correlation among CRP and the severity of disease was analyzed subsequently.Results CRP was found to be ignificantly increased in patients with active UC than those in inactive UC patients and healthy controls(P0.05).CRP was found to be markedly decreased in active UC patients after effective treatment compared with those before treatment(P0.05).Conclusions CRP can be used to reflect the severity of active UC,and are the most important markers in evaluating the Prognosis.


Associations between perfectionism and dimensions of identity formation were examined in three samples of late adolescents. The role of identity as a mediator in the relationship between perfectionism and well-being was ascertained on the third sample. Two types of perfectionism (maladaptive perfectionism and personal standards perfectionism) and five dimensions of identity formation (commitment making, identification with commitment, exploration in breadth, exploration in depth, and ruminative exploration) were distinguished. Path analysis across the three samples (total N = 895) showed that personal standards perfectionism was consistently positively related to the commitment dimensions, exploration in breadth, and exploration in depth. Maladaptive perfectionism was consistently negatively related to the commitment dimensions and positively to a ruminative type of exploration. Identification with commitment and ruminative exploration proved to be partial mediators in associations between the two perfectionism dimensions and adolescent well-being (depressive symptoms and academic adjustment at university). Practical implications and suggestions for future research are provided.


It is an urgent task for us to try to reduce drug uses and consolidate the achievement in drug detoxification and rehabilitation.Therefore,relapse and follow-up life and education issue of drug users after his treatment becomes a new project to be explored.Some suggestions are as followed after a series of investigation: to reduce relapse rate requires clean social environment which create employment chance and provide training of labors skills to make the drug users live on their own.Meanwhile,community detoxification modal should be adopted to change the bad cycles in the field based on the increasing community policing and punishment on the relapse.


Recently, our institute, in conjunction with the Development Division of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC), organized its staff to conduct a survey of foreign-trade, industrial-trade, and foreign-funded enterprises. The subjects of this study comprised 1,400 enterprises specializing in foreign trade, the largest 500 enterprises in China in which foreign capitalists have made investments, and 100 enterprises that conduct export-import business on their own. The combined total of imports and exports made by these three types of enterprises accounts for more than 80 percent of our country's annual exports and imports. The results of this investigation and study, therefore, to a significant extent reflect the impact that the [Asian] financial crisis has exerted on our country's overall export trade.


The aim of this paper is to introduce a new methodology to forecast the monthly economic indicators used in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) modelling in order to improve the forecasting accuracy. Our approach is based on multivariate k-nearest neighbors method and radial basis function method for which we provide new theoretical results. We apply these two methods to compute the quarter GDP on the Euro-zone, comparing our approach, with GDP obtained when we estimate the monthly indicators with a linear model, which is often used as a benchmark.


3D Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) has long been viewed as conceptually attractive for illuminating targets under complex overburden, both for exploration purposes and for time-lapse monitoring of reservoirs. However, the widespread use of 3D VSP has been hindered by the cost and risk of deploying geophones in a borehole, by the limited availability of accessible wells and long operational acquisition time (Mateeva & al., 2014). These hurdles are largely removed when acquiring downhole seismic with a new measurement called heterodyne Distributed Vibration Sensing (hDVS) which is an innovative technology to improve the duration of borehole seismic operations. The hDVS technology uses optical fiber as a vibration sensor that can be used along the entire well depth as a sensor. We designed a pseudo 3D VSP survey (four Walkaway VSP lines and 2 circles) with the optical fiber clamped permanently to the well completion tubing. The main objective of acquiring the survey was to further investigate the Silurian and Ordovician formations by integrating VSP measurements with the available surface seismic surveys using the optical fibre measurements as well as to assess hDVS technology for Imaging. In this paper, we present the results achieved after processing the pseudo 3D VSP survey.


No solid evidence exists on optimal oxygenation targets in intensive care patients. The handling oxygenation targets in the intensive care unit (HOT‐ICU) trial assesses the effects of a targeted arterial oxygen tension of 8 vs 12 kPa on 90‐day mortality in acutely admitted adult patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure. This article describes the detailed statistical analysis plan for the predefined outcomes and supplementary analyses in the HOT‐ICU trial.


Forced migrants and refugees in Egypt are facing a mounting crisis as their protection concerns have been overshadowed by pressing political questions about the future of the Egyptian government. Numerous reports of human smuggling, such as the recent article in the Guardian and testimony by Mogos Redae, attest to the escalating severity of the security situation.


Eggplants are a good source of antioxidant among vegetables. Despite of that the influence of fruit development and storage conditions on the...


In order to establish an endomycorrhizal symbiosis on micropropagated plants and to evaluate its effect on plant growth and survival, three rootstocks belonging to the Prunusgenus were used: M51 ( P. dulcis), GF677 (P. persica×P. dulcis) and cv Citation (P. domestica ×P. persica). The plants were micropropagated and in vitro rooted . Spores ofGlomus mosseae (LMSS) andScutellospora calospora (SCLS) and root fragments of clover or corn mycorrhized by them were used as inocula. Plants were inoculated in: (1) the early acclimatization phase; (2) the transplant phase; (3) in both phases. Two similar experiments were conducted for each plant genotype, differing only in the type of inoculum. One month after transplanting, plant survival indexes, mycorrhization percentages and growth parameters for each plant were recorded. No significant effects were observed on survival. In M51 no mycorrhizae were found and no significant growth effects were recorded in either experiments. LMSS infected GF677 in the second experiment, but not in the first, when inoculated in the transplant phase, with a better establishment when a second inoculation was done. Citation was not colonized by LMSS in either experiment. SCLS was able to establish mycorrhizal infection of Citation and GF677 only in the first experiment, and only when inoculated in the acclimatization phase. There were significant positive effects of the inoculation phase, the inoculum strain and the plant genotype on growth parameters, regardless of whether symbiosis was established or not. In conclusion, M51 did not seem to be dependent on the establishment of an endomycorrhizal symbiosis, at least with the fungal strains used in our experiments. On the contrary, Citation and GF677 seemed positively influenced by inoculation, even when there was no infection by the mycorrhizas. This fact is probably due to growth promoter components of the inocula — possibly microflora. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Adult red palm weevils (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv.) were labeled by topical application of cerium chloride (CeCl_3) in 90% ethanol. Marked adults were detectable by assay of radiocerium following neutron activation of excised elytra. No significant loss of cerium from marked insects occurred over prolonged periods or after repeated washing with water. This marking technique has potential application in ecological studies, especially those of long duration. See full-text article at JSTOR


This study prescribes the last Japanese imperialism as the time when genre change gets noticeable and attempts to examine relevant aspects of I-novel creation and children's literature of Park, Tae-won in this perspective. The last Japanese imperialism was the time when replacement between literature genres was activated, responding to the rapid transformation of the norm system. Park, Tae-won created existing minor genres, children's literature and I-novel, responding to the rapid change of the literature system. Park, Tae-won comprehensively dealt with the problems of danger, anxiety, death incorporated into the realm of everyday life under the special context of colony Joseon, acceleration of the war basis through boy's detective novel. He created more active characters than those in adult literature, properly using the genre norm of children's literature in 「Boy detective group」. Through this, he tried to expand the possibility that can overcome fear of the day, And as the genre was translated from children's literature to I-novel, he reviewed the aspect transforming and expanding the same topic and motif despite the different genre norm, Going through 1940, Park, Tae-won dealt with the topics of fear and anxiety in the introspective way through I-novel style. In particular, 「Tudo(Stealing)」, 「Chaega」, I-novels of Park, Tae-won has the characteristic that aesthetically compressed symbol and allegory, implied aphorism are inserted into the text very abundantly, At the same time, they can be evaluated as I-novels with very stratified and complex meaning through genre-translation of fairy tale works. This is different from that Japanese I-novel is mainly focused on exposing ego of an transparent writer. His I-novel tried to shape contemporary realities in the indirect form. This is the creative result of I-novel of Park, Tae-won.


The first case appears to be an absolutely typical case of acrodermatitis atrophicans Herxheimer, which, from the history, one can assume to have, in this case, an endocrine causation. In the second case, however, although the clinical picture is less well marked, it is interesting to note that there is a strongly positive Wassermann reaction. Pautrier, who has shown about thirty cases in all of this disorder at Strasbourg, found that in only four there was a positive Wassermann reaction, which, in his opinion, was a coincidence. Milian, on the other hand, is of the opinion that many of these cases of idiopathic atrophy have a syphilitic basis, possibly caused by the action of the syphilitic toxins on the endocrine system. The second patient as yet has had no antisyphilitic treatment, and it will be interesting to note what effect, if any, such treatment has on the clinical condition. Should the condition clear up with any rapidity, it would appear to confirm Milian's supposition that idiopathic atrophy, even of the Herxheimer type, may have a syphilitic basis. If, however, the atrophy has progressed too far, obviously it may be permanent, and thus will vitiate any therapeutic test.


Brazil reports public healthcare gaps concerning lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI+) people. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are online-based teaching interventions, however their use is still scarce in Brazil. We aim to describe the development and to analyze preliminary impacts of the first online-based intervention through MOOCs for LGBTI+ health promotion in Brazil.

 We adopted mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches, based on participatory-action research: 1) to design the content and format of the MOOC, we conducted 10 focus groups during 2018 and 2019 with key stakeholders in three different Brazilian State capitals, identifying needs and challenges and linking it with guidelines of the National Policy for Comprehensive Health of LGBTI+ people; 2) based on step 1, we developed the MOOC, producing reading content, video-classes and multimedia; 3) we quantitatively analyzed, through a survey, its impact and reach after six months.

 The results showed that: a) focus groups were essentials to inform the priorities to design a tailored MOOC; b) the MOOC had 30 hours of autonomous learning activities divided into two modules, with problem-based evaluation; c) the first ten-month of the course had a total of 5,000 people enrolled with a completion rate of approximately 30%; d) 1,700 successfully completed the course; e) 582 participants joined the survey post-course evaluation and for 370 (63.6%) of them, this was the first training activity on LGBTI+ health.

 Results point to a high interest in LGBTI+ health and high demand for training on this topic among health professionals. The MOOC format was successful and reliable in enabling the teaching-learning process.

 Participatory action research was able to inform the content of the first MOOC for LGBTI+ health in Brazil. The MOCC had high interest, and for the majority of concluding participants it was the first activity and formal education about LGBTI+ health.


Low bit rate speech coding and very low bit rate speech coding are now at the research frontier. This topic is very important resolving the contradiction between the limit of channel bandwidth and the expansion of the information.A 1.8~2.4 Kbps variable bit rate speech coding algorithm based on Multiband Excitation (MBE) speech coding model was proposed. An informal speech testing show that the algorithm mentioned had good quality of speech coding.


At present there are diversified value propositions among college students, which are caused by the influence of family, society and the diversified social economy. We shall offer scientific guidance of the value proposition of college students by applying modem education approaches to organize extracurricular activities and strengthen legal construction and public opinion guidance.


Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) are collective oscillations of the electron ensemble in a metallic nanostructure and can be excited by electromagnetic (EM) waves. Their characteristics are determined by the morphology of the nanostructure and the permittivities of the metal and the surrounding dielectric. An intriguing feature of LSPRs is the local EM field enhancement, resulting in strong EM energy localization at sharp corners or edges [1]. Metal nanotips in particular are of considerable interest in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), biophotonic sensing and single-molecule experiments.In this paper we present a novel technique for collecting the scattered light from a LSPR at a metallic nanotip. By splicing a cone-shaped gold nanowire to the end of a multimode fibre (MMF), light from the LSPR is collected using the fibre.