The extremely high concentration of the electric field near the drain corner of the gate is the major cause for premature breakdown and local hotspot formation of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). This hotspot negatively impacts the device performance, reliability, lifetime, and limits the operability envelope. Metal field plates have been used to mitigate this electric field concentration. However, it has been proven difficult to reach the theoretical breakdown voltage of GaN using conventional field plate structures. In this work, a novel "resistive field plate" structure based on amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) was constructed to minimize the electric field concentration by imposing a linear voltage boundary condition on the device surface, between the drain and source electrodes. Standard electrical testing and state-of-the-art optical thermography techniques were used to understand the electro-thermal interactions behind the improvement in electrical and thermal performance of AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor HEMTs (MOS-HEMTs) employing the a-IGZO resistive field plate. The novel field plated design resulted in ∼25% increase in the device breakdown voltage (VB) and ∼24% reduction in the channel peak temperature as compared to a control sample employing no field plate structures. Key knowledge obtained from this study provides insight into enhancing the performance and reliability of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and also suggests a viable solution that may enable the full exploitation of the potential of wide bandgap and ultra-wide bandgap lateral power electronic devices.


Roughly 90% of the geothermal power resource in the United States is thought to reside in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). While realization of EGS development on the 100+ GWe scale would make geothermal a significant component of the renewable energy portfolio, hurdles to commercial development still remain in accessing and characterizing, creating, monitoring, operating, and sustaining engineered reservoirs. In August 2011 the Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), convened a workshop in San Francisco, CA, to outline opportunities for advancing EGS technologies on five- to 20-year timescales. Community input charted technology needs categorized within the functional stages of Characterizing, Creating, and Operating EGS reservoirs. In this paper we present technical paths identifying, creating, and managing fractures and flow paths; monitoring flow paths and fracture evolution; zonal isolation; drilling; models; and tools that encompass the underlying technology needs identified at the workshop as critical to optimizing and ultimately commercializing EGS. We develop the chronological evolution of these paths, tying the past and current status of each to the active GTO EGS research and development (R&D) portfolio, anticipating milestones that strategic initiatives could help to realize on a five-year timescale, and projecting to target capabilities for 2030. The resulting structure forms the basis for an EGS Technology Roadmap to help guide priorities for future GTO EGS R&D investments.


The original design of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) and tritium handling are described. Modifications to these designs inspired by operational experience gained from running TFTR since 1982 with deuterium-deuterium (D-D)-fueled experiments are also presented. The presently installed gas handling systems work well for the D-D phase of operation, but they do not have the level of sophistication needed for tritium injection, tritium-contaminated-gas exhaustion, and gas detritiation for deuterium-tritium (D-T) operations. The pumping and gas-handling systems were designed prior to the operation of TFTR to handle the tritiated process streams anticipated during the DT phase. Since then, it has been found that certain changes and refinements to this design would make tritium handling simpler and safer. Most (90%) of the process gas (deuterium fuel) is pumped by the cryopanels in the neutral beams during operations. This nearly pure elemental hydrogenic gas is radiologically 25000 times more safe to handle than the corresponding amount of tritium oxide. It has been decided to transfer the hydrogenic species from the neutral beam cryopanels into special containers for off-site shipment as elemental tritium rather than as oxide. This reduces the exposure of oil-lubricated pumps from large contact with tritium-laden gas and reduces the risk of exposure to tritium oxide. Conditioning of the torus will be processed by impurity cryopumps, designed to pump only the nonhydrogenic species (impurities) and reduce the total amount of tritium used during conditioning.<<ETX>>


Social capital is a designer social science concept that is very much in academic and popular vogue. Indeed, in recent years there has been a proliferation of theoretical articles in academia lauding the veracity of social capital as a "silver bullet," explain all, cure all phenomena. However, it seems that little work has been undertaken on linking the theory of social capital to work in practice in the field of community learning and development. This article aims to redress the balance in some way by offering an analysis of social capital in terms of a "work in progress" at an intergenerational school/seniors' community project in Midlothian, Scotland, where the theory of social capital is informing practice and thinking of the staff of Midlothian Befrienders and vice versa.


In this paper a part of distributed system for civil engineering structures on-line measurement and remote monitoring is presented. The novel concept of combining simultaneous measurements performed by 2D digital image correlation and thermovision methods is described. The experiments performed by means of a single thermographic camera with combined visual sensor are reported and the high applicability of the concept is proven.


Tensile properties of two high-impact polystyrenes (HIPS), named 0.84S and 0.45S, were evaluated at four strain rates, from 2.7 × 10-3 to 1.8 × 10 s-1, using un-notched dumbbell specimens. Under the strain rates up to 1.6 × 10-1 s-1, 0.84S showed slightly higher fracture energy than 0.45S, where the fracture energy is defined as the total area under the force−displacement curve. However, when the strain rate was further increased to 1.8 × 10 s-1, the difference was remarkably increased, due to a dramatic increase of the fracture energy for 0.84S at the highest strain rate, 1.8 × 10 s-1. The high fracture energy for 0.84S was found to come mainly from the fracture strain. The microscopic examination, using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), shows the trend of deformation behavior, which supports the tensile test results, and suggests that the adiabatic deformation process, which has long been known to cause the fracture energy increase at high strain rates for many polymers, doe...


Most patients with GCT are at a young, reproductive age, the study of the quality of life and sexual health seems to be important. The frequency of sexual dysfunction was analyzed in 39 patients with GCT in different stages after removal of the primary tumor and chemotherapy treatment (the number of courses ranged from carboplatin monotherapy to 4 courses of PEB). Patients after RPLDE and radiotherapy were not included in the study. Chemotherapy leads to sexual and psychological disorders – after 6 months from removal of the primary tumor a lack of satisfaction with sexual life was noted in 23%, a decrease in libido 17.9%, erectile dysfunction 25.6% and a significant increase in body weight in 28.2%. Direct correlations were found after 6 months from the removal of the primary tumor between the reduction of libido and the following features: the number of courses of chemotherapy, stage of the disease and the histological structure of the tumor. Before the removal of the primary tumor a decrease in libido was observed in 12.8%, in 2 years after – in 10.3%. The increase in body weight can be regarded as a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which is often accompanied by hypercholesterolemia and subclinical hypogonadism and enhances the negative impact on the quality of life of patients.


This paper discusses the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) law on the telecommunications industry. Section 404 of the SOX law requires a statement of responsibility for internal controls on asset management activities impacting on financial reporting. As such, it becomes imperative that operators can report accurately on issues such as what network assets they have, where those assets are, which assets are in-service, how those assets are being used, what customer services are supported by these assets, and what capacity is available in the network. It is probable that the US government will operate with a degree of leniency in these early days of mandatory compliance, but if operators procrastinate for too long, the consequences could be very serious indeed.


The analysis of economic trends has been a subject of study in the world's main economies. The study of a particular country's economic development sets out from the need to base the analysis on statistical/econometric models allowing economic monitoring to be objectified. The results achieved in any one country or regions are promptly used to establish the trends therein and for comparison with the national or international outlook. This paper analyzes recent trends in the Spanish economy by means of synthetic indicators.

 Key words: Synthetic indicators, economic trends, Spain.


String matching algorithms are critical for web usage devices which screen the packets and moves on the basis of load. Intrusion detection or prevention systems, web cleansing, anti-virus and junk preventive systems all have a necessity for effective algorithms when managing string matching scenarios. Some of the algorithms viz. Aho-Corasick, WuManber, Rabin-Karp, Commentz-Walter, Bit parallel etc. entails lot of space and time. AhoCorasick algorithm is built on the basis of finite state machines. On the shadow of KnuttMorris-Pratt, Commentz Walter developed an algorithm which in turn uses finite state machines. Bit parallel algorithms like shift-or takes the help of varied computer words ie. the registers in CPU, to compare the efforts. Rabin Karp implements hashing for discovering matching pattern strings in a given text. Wu-Manber looks text in chunks than of every character coalescing the work of Aho-Corasick and Boyer-Moore. Our algorithm reduces character comparisons and consumption of memory on the basis of graph evolution structure and search procedure by means of dynamic linked list. Theoretic study and trial results demonstrates that the projected work is much enhanced in terms of space and time consumption, when compared with previously known pattern-matching algorithms.


Valda McRae has recently published a fascinating history of the Melbourne University Chemical Society. The Society was founded in 1903 by David Orme Masson, and held its 1000th meeting in August 2011. The catalogue of speakers is a 'who's who' of Australian (and a few overseas visiting) chemists and the topics that engaged them. Here I proudly acknowledge a bias - I have addressed the Society on three occasions.


Chronic pain (CP) severely disrupts the daily life of millions. Interoception (i.e., the sensing of the physiological condition of the body) plays a pivotal role in the aetiology and maintenance of CP. Given that pain is inherently an interoceptive signal, interoceptive frameworks provide important, but currently under-utilised, approaches to this condition. Here we first investigated three facets of interoceptive perception in CP, compared with pain-free healthy controls. We then introduce a novel interoceptive treatment and demonstrate its capacity to reduce pain severity in CP, thus potentially providing effective complementary analgesic treatments. Study 1 measured 'interoceptive accuracy', 'interoceptive confidence' and 'interoceptive sensibility' in patients (N=60) with primary, secondary musculoskeletal, and neuropathic CP. Compared with matched pain-free controls, CP participants exhibited significantly lower interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive confidence. Pain severity was positively predicted by interoceptive accuracy, anxiety and depression, but negatively predicted by interoceptive confidence. In Study 2 we tested a promising new interoceptive treatment for CP, in a single-blind between-subjects design (N=51) with primary, secondary musculoskeletal, and neuropathic CP patients. The treatment specifically activates the C-Tactile system, by means of controlled stimulation of interoceptive unmyelinated afferents, at 3cm/s with a force of 2.5mN. This treatment led to significant pain reduction (mean 23%) in the CP treatment group, while CP controls who received comparable but non-interoceptive stimulation reported no change in pain intensity. Together, these two studies highlight the importance of interoceptive approaches to CP and demonstrate the potential of this novel method of C-Tactile fibre stimulation to reduce pain severity.


DC and pulse breakdown in the He-Ar gas mixture are investigated for small pressures and inter-electrode gaps. Expressions for calculating the breakdown voltage of a gas mixture are derived, assuming that breakdown occurs by way of the Townsend breakdown mechanism and that Maxwell spectrum can be used for the free electron gas. The parameters considered in experiments have been chosen so as to be of interest in designing gas-filled surge arresters. The obtained results demonstrate that the derived breakdown voltage expressions are correct, and that a suitable choice of parameters can produce a positive synergetic effect with regard to gas-filled surge arrester design. The latter issue is especially interesting for lowering the dc breakdown voltage of unconditioned electrodes.


Classical monetary systems regularly subject the most vulnerable majority of the world's population to debilitating financial shocks, and have manifestly allowed uncontrolled global inequality over the long term. Given these basic failures, how can we avoid asking whether mainstream macroeconomic principles are actually compatible with democratic principles such as equality or the protection of human rights and dignity? This idea paper takes a constructive look at this question, by exploring how alternate monetary principles might result in a form of money more compatible with democratic principles -- dare we call it "democratic money"? In this alternative macroeconomic philosophy, both the supply of and the demand for money must be rooted in people, so as to give all people both equal opportunities for economic participation. Money must be designed around equality, not only across all people alive at a given moment, but also across past and future generations of people, guaranteeing that our descendants cannot be enslaved by their ancestors' economic luck or misfortune. Democratic money must reliably give all people a means to enable everyday commerce, investment, and value creation in good times and bad, and must impose hard limits on financial inequality. Democratic money must itself be governed democratically, and must economically facilitate the needs of citizens in a democracy for trustworthy and unbiased information with which to make wise collective decisions. An intriguing approach to implementing and deploying democratic money is via a cryptocurrency built on a proof-of-personhood foundation, giving each opt-in human participant one equal unit of stake. Such a cryptocurrency would have both interesting similarities to, and important differences from, a Universal Basic Income (UBI) denominated in an existing currency.


the timing of mitosis is determined by a gradual change Stefania Francesconi1, Muriel Grenon, in the wee1/cdc25 ratio. This ratio influences the cell size Dominique Bouvier and Giuseppe Baldacci at division and maintains the dependence of mitosis on IFC 1, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer, CNRS UPR 9044, the completion of DNA replication (Enoch and Nurse, 7 rue Guy Moquet BP 8, 94801 Villejuif, France 1990; Moreno et al., 1990). Recently, it has been shown 1Corresponding author that during the S phase cell cycle block at the restrictive temperature of the thermosensitive cdc22-M45 mutant, Fission yeast p56chk1 kinase is known to be involved in the cdc25 phosphatase accumulates to high levels although the DNA damage checkpoint but not to be required its basal activity remains low. This indicates that the DNA for cell cycle arrest following exposure to the DNA replication checkpoint operates despite the accumulation replication inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU). For this of cdc25 protein (Kovelman and Russell, 1996). reason, p56chk1 is considered not to be necessary for Fission yeast mutants deficient in the DNA replication the DNA replication checkpoint which acts through the checkpoint have been isolated which fail to arrest the cell inhibitory phosphorylation of p34cdc2 kinase activity. In cycle in the presence of the DNA replication inhibitor a search for Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants that hydroxyurea (HU) and thereby undergo mitotic catastrophe abolish the S phase cell cycle arrest of a thermosensitive (hus mutants). Analysis of hus mutants provided evidence DNA polymerase δ strain at 37°C, we isolated two for a partial overlap between DNA replication and DNA chk1 alleles. These alleles are proficient for the DNA damage checkpoints since many of these mutants were damage checkpoint, but induce mitotic catastrophe in also affected in the ability to arrest the cell cycle in G2 several S phase thermosensitive mutants. We show that phase after DNA damage, resulting in the radiationthe mitotic catastrophe correlates with a decreased sensitive phenotype (rad mutants). However, in fission level of tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2. In addition, yeast, the radiation checkpoint seems not to involve we found that the deletion of chk1 and the chk1 the Y15 phosphorylation of p34cdc2. Indeed, mutations alleles abolish the cell cycle arrest and induce mitotic affecting elements involved in Y15 regulation do not catastrophe in cells exposed to HU, if the cells are abolish the G2 delay when cells are irradiated (Al-Khodairy grown at 37°C. These findings suggest that chk1 is and Carr, 1992; Enoch et al., 1992; Barbet and Carr, 1993; important for the maintenance of the DNA replication Sheldrick and Carr, 1993; Al-Khodairy et al., 1994). checkpoint in S phase thermosensitive mutants and The fission yeast checkpoint gene chk1 /rad27 has that the p56chk1 kinase must possess a novel function been proposed to be solely involved in the DNA damage that prevents premature activation of p34cdc2 kinase checkpoint, as deletion of this gene abolishes cell cycle under conditions of impaired DNA replication at 37°C. arrest after irradiation (rad phenotype) but does not abolish


Maximum likelihood algorithms are described for generalized linear mixed models. We show how to construct a Monte Carlo version of the EM algorithm, propose a Monte Carlo Newton·Raphson algorithm and evaluate and improve the use of importance sampling ideas. Calculation of the maximum likelihood estimates are shown to be feasible for a wide variety of problems where they were not previously. We also use the NewtonRaphson algorithm as a framework to compare maximum likelihood with the ')ointmaximization" or penalized quasi-likelihood methods and explain why the latter can perform poorly.


The invention discloses an energy management device. The energy management device comprises an energy transfer unit and an allocation control unit, wherein the energy transfer unit is electrically connected to a high-power energy storing device, a high-energy energy storing device, at least one energy load of a carrier, and can be electrically connected to an external energy source; the allocation control unit is at least used for generating and outputting an allocation control signal to the energy transfer unit according to the residual electric quantity of the energy storing device, whether or not the energy transfer unit is electrically connected to the external energy source, and the position of the carrier, so that the energy transfer unit can perform energy transfer among the high-power energy storing device, the high-energy energy storing device, the external energy source and the energy load according to the allocation control signal, particularly energy transfer from the high-power energy storing device and the external energy source to the energy load, and energy transfer from the high-power energy storing device and the high-energy energy storing device to the energy load.


In this paper, we study breakdown characteristics in shallow-trench isolation (STI)-type drain-extended MOSFETs (DeMOS) fabricated using a low-power 65-nm triple-well CMOS process with a thin gate oxide. Experimental data of p-type STI-DeMOS device showed distinct two-stage behavior in breakdown characteristics in both OFF- and ON-states, unlike the n-type device, causing a reduction in the breakdown voltage and safe operating area. The first-stage breakdown occurs due to punchthrough in the vertical structure formed by p-well, deep n-well, and p-substrate, whereas the second-stage breakdown occurs due to avalanche breakdown of lateral n-well/p-well junction. The breakdown characteristics are also compared with the STI-DeNMOS device structure. Using the experimental results and advanced TCAD simulations, a complete understanding of breakdown mechanisms is provided in this paper for STI-DeMOS devices in advanced CMOS processes.


Summary The Intermediate Value Theorem is not often proved in Calculus I classes because many teachers and students see the theorem as obvious and its proof as impenetrable. This article addresses those two misconceptions, showing how the IVT can be proved in Calc I … and why it should be.


Abstract
School Administration Staff are educational staff who play an important role in improving school administration services. Therefore, the school administrative staff must have adequate competence in order to be able to carry out their duties and functions according to their competencies very professionally. Therefore it is necessary to have competency standards that must be possessed by administrative staff, especially in the field of digital literacy as a basis for competence in carrying out these tasks and functions. In educational institutions, especially the private sector, there are still many School Administration Staff who are still considered lacking in standard competency as a competent administrative staff, one of the reasons is because educational institutions recruit more administrative staff because of the kinship element where they are close people in these institutions without going through selection with clear competency standards, so that often the competency standards that need to be possessed by an administrative staff are neglected, consequently the quality of education services in schools is less than optimal. One effort to improve the ability of administrative staff in carrying out their daily tasks and functions in addition to the need for clear work guidelines and schools must also provide adequate facilities to improve the human resources of school administration staff in the form of adequate infrastructure as well as through training funded by the agency. The purpose of this study was to determine how big the role of school administration staff in the Vocational High School "Favorit" Pungging Mojokerto in improving the quality of education in schools. The research method used in this study is qualitative research. The results of this study indicate that the management of human resources in school administration is very important and influential in improving the quality of education at the Vocational High School "Favorit" Pungging Mojokerto.


This paper presents some theoretical components of comparative historical institutionalism components compared. It begins with an overview of the theory and the importance its followers give to institutions in the construction of the modern state, liberal democracy and economic development. Two analyses of Latin America are compared with Korea and Taiwan during the decades in which the development model predominated, while the second shows the progress undergone by the State in the region during the twentieth century. In addition to this, the return of the state is presented with a series of measures with a content that is different to its actions in Latin America is presented. Finally, some of the limitations of comparative historical institutionalism are shown to understand the region.


The damping characteristics of a magneto-rheological damper featuring non-magnetized flow paths in the piston are analysed using the Eyring constitutive model considering both viscous and minor hydraulic losses. The force–displacement and force–velocity characteristics of the magneto-rheological damper with non-magnetized flow paths were experimentally evaluated under different excitations and magnetic field intensity. Experimental results revealed relatively largerpre-yield-like region, attributed to flows through the non-magnetized paths, which increased with an increase in the coil current. A mathematical model of the damper was subsequently formulated using the Eyring constitutive model considering pressure drop across the piston and viscous effect in addition to the current-dependent friction. The Eyring model parameters were identified as a function of the magnetic field intensity and thus the coil current. For this purpose, a finite element model was formulated to identify a relation between the coil current and the magnetic field intensity. The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by comparing the model-predicted force–velocity characteristics with the measured data under different applied currents. The model results are also compared with those obtained from the widely reported modified Bouc–Wen model and the Bingham constitutive model. The comparisons showed that the Eyring constitutive model can yield more accurate predictions of the damping properties compared to the Bingham model but similar to those from the modified Bouc–Wen model, while the Bouc–Wen model involves identifications of considerably greater number of parameters. The proposed model provided more accurate prediction of the damping force in the pre-yield region compared to the other models.


The authors of the paper using X-ray identified electron density distribution, the radii of the ions, the dynamic characteristics of the crystal lattice of lithium fluoride and the characteristic Debye temperatures of the sublattices of Li and F.


Summary form only given. Interferometry os a standard technique for measuring the line integrated electron density of magnetically confined plasma. It is on the basis on the fact that an electromagnetic wave, on its passage through a plasma, experiences a phase change with respect to the reference beam. A single channel far-infrared (FIR) hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser interferometer was developed to measure plasma electron density on the IR-T1 tokamak. The structure of the single channel FIR laser interferometer is described. The laser source used in the interferometer was a continuous-wave glow discharge HCN laser with a cavity length of 2 m and power output of about 50 mW at 377 /spl mu/m. This system we used from a heterodyne laser interferometer.


An experiment was carried to estimate heterotic performances of newly developed test hybrids utilizing CMS system during Rabi 2011 using RCBD design. Five known CMS lines and sixteen developed R-lines were crossed through line × tester analysis. Eighty test hybrids were developed. It is very difficult to find a hybrid earlier to BRRI dhan28 as life cycle of 140 days. Heterosis for days to first flowering varied from -6.23% to 16.35% with a SD of 4.47 meanwhile heterosis for days to 80% flowering varied from -9.24% to 11.04% with a SD of 4.03. Among eighty crosses seventy two were found positive heterosis for days to first flowering but sixty four crosses were found for days to 80% flowering. RG-BU08-016R crosses with IR58025A (-2.68*) and IR62820A (-3.42**) showed significant negative standard heterosis for days to first flowering. Five crosses of IR58025A showed significant negative heterosis with RG-BU 08-005R (-3.42*), RG-BU 08-006R (-5.28**), RG-BU 08-013R (-4.129**), RG-BU 08-016R (-5.78**), RG-BU 08-018R (-4.06*) for days to 80% flowering. Besides these 4 crosses of IR62820A showed significant negative heterosis with RG-BU 08-007R (-2.32*), RG-BU 08-016R (-6.03*), RG-BU 08-018R (-4.58**) followed by GAN 46A/RG-BU 08-006R (-4.58*), BRRI 1A/RG-BU 08-001R (-2.55**) and BRRI 1A/RG-BU 08-006R (-9.24**) resulted significant negative heterosis for days to 80% flowering. Positive heterosis were recorded for IR58025A with RG-BU 08-007R (26.97**), RG-BU 08-0046R (8.77**) and RG-BU 08-105R (14.44**) for PER and RG-BU 08-018R (42.46**), RG-BU 08-046R (112.30**), RG-BU 08-057R (27.46*) for SER. While two R-lines, RG-BU 08-013R (25.41**) and RG-BU 08-057R (7.21*) were found having significant positive heterosis for panicle exertion rate crosses with IR62820A but RG-BU 08-025R (52.82**), RG-BU 08-057R (122.66**) and RG-BU 08-063R (37.38**) were found having significant positive heterosis for SER. IR62820A/RG-BU08-057R showed significant positive heterosis for both panicle and stigma exertion rate. GAN46A/RG-BU 08-063R (5.65* & 133.02**) was recorded showing significant positive heterosis for both panicle and stigma exertion rate where. But the crosses of IR68888A was not shown exhibiting a great contribution for panicle and stigma exertion rate except RG-BU08-018R (25.94**). Meanwhile the crosses of BRRI1A was recorded having significant positive heterosis for PER with RG-BU08-005R (13.41**), RG-BU08-007R (5.65*) and RG-BU08-097R (25.94**) as well as RG-BU08-007R (133.02**), RG-BU08-013R (48.19**) and RG-BU08-038R (29.21*) were recorded having significant positive heterosis for SER.


The genus Echinocoleus and the species E. setiger were described by Horn (1885) from two specimens from an unspecified locality in Arizona. Jeannel (1936) placed the genus in the subfamily Nemadinae and the tribe Nemadini based on a statement by Hatch (1933, p. 191) who had not seen specimens. Jeannel also placed the species Dissochaetus arizonensis Hatch in the genus Echinocoleus, which he would not have done had he seen specimens of either. Peck (1973) after seeing the types of both genera, placed Echinocoleus in the tribe Ptomaphagini and subtribe Ptomaphagina of the subfamily Catopinae, and reviewed what little was known of the genus. Recently, Dr. D. E. Foster (Entomology Section, Agricultural Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas) collected a series of Echinocoleus from nests of Pogonomyrmex harvester ants in west Texas. These specimens prompted me to study this interesting myrmecophilous beetle genus as part of a projected series reviewing the systematics and evolutionary biology of the Catopinae of North America. The methods, terminology, and format of this paper follow those of my previous studies (Peck 1973, 1976). Dried and pinned specimens were relaxed for 24 hours by soaking in a small dish of distilled water with two drops of liquid detergent, and were then dissected under 70% alcohol. Drawings were made of structures on temporary slide mounts or embedded in glycerine jelly.


Social capital is naturally embedded in social networks. In his famouswork on the causal relationship between "bridging" social capital (e.g.,associational life), trust, and civic behavior, Putnam [1993] did not inves-tigate the structural aspect of such networks. Recently, the relationshipbetween associational life and civicness of ethnic minority groups in Eu-rope has been investigated [Fennema and Tillie, 2001; Jacobs et al., 2004;Vermeulen and Berger, 2008], without reaching uniform conclusions. Inthis work, simple structural properties of the network of interlocking di-rectorates among ethnic associations are used as a proxy of the socialcapital of the corresponding minority group. We pursue this line further,arguing that more advanced models may consistently predict differencesamong the studied communities, and look at the structure of such net-works,but also at the dynamics that produced it. Here we present resultswith a stochastic actor-based model, SIENA [Snijders et al., 2010], whichestimates the effect of actor covariates and local structure on networkevolution. We model the dynamics of the full two-mode network amongdirectors and boards of voluntary associations, including the structural ef-fects proposed by [Koskinen and Edling, 2012], and considering the politi-cal orientation of associations as a covariate. Using data from [Vermeulenand Berger, 2008], we compare the evolution of interlocks among Turkishassociations in two European capitals, and explain the noticeable differ-ence in structure by looking at statistically significant differences amongthe estimated effects. In the longer term we intend to relate the dynamicsof these networks to the civic behavior of the corresponding communities.


Volumetric and viscometric properties of the binary mixture of hexan-1-ol with m-xylene at T = (303.15, 313.15, and 323.15) K have been investigated. The excess volumes and viscosity deviations from the mole fraction average were calculated and correlated by a Redlich−Kister type equation.


Abstract Background dNLR is a novel biomarker associated with clinical outcome in solid tumors including early stage breast cancer (BC). Here we report the association of dNLR with pCR in triple-negative (TN) and luminal BC patients (pts) treated with neoadjuvant CT. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of two randomized studies (GEICAM/2006-03 - NCT00432172 and ETNA - NCT01822314) involving 821 pts with early stage (>2cm) or locally advanced TN or luminal BC receiving anthracycline/taxane-based CT +/- carboplatin (GEICAM/2006-03) or nab-paclitaxel/paclitaxel followed by anthracycline regimen (ETNA). dNLR was calculated as the ratio of neutrophils and the difference between total leukocytes and neutrophils in peripheral blood before CT (baseline) and at the end of treatment (EOT). Logistic regression analyses were used to explore dNLR association with pCR at the two time points by molecular subtype. Results 684 and 137 pts were from ETNA and GEICAM/2006-03 study respectively (TN n = 308; Luminal n = 513). In TN subgroup median baseline dNLR was 1.61 [interquartile range (IQR): 1.25-2.04] and at EOT 1.65 (IQR: 0.96-2.22). In luminal BC median baseline dNLR was 1.68 (IQR: 1.22-1.96) and at EOT 1.48 (IQR: 0.86-1.93). No association with pCR was found in luminal BC. Baseline dNLR was associated with pCR in TNBC in univariate analysis (OR: 0.709, CI: 0.5-1.006, p = 0.0406). At EOT significant association of dNLR as continuous variable with pCR was observed in TNBC both in univariate and multivariate analysis (OR: 0.665, CI: 0.501-0.884, p = 0.0034, n = 255 and OR: 0.62, CI: 0.406-0.946, p = 0.0231, n = 228 respectively). Quartiles distribution of EOT dNLR was also associated with pCR in univariate and multivariate analysis (Q1 vs combined Q2/Q3/Q4 group: OR: 0.32, CI: 0.17-0.64, p = 5e-04 and OR: 0.26, CI: 0.1-0.63, p = 0.002 respectively). Also a ROC curve - based optimal cut off method revealed significant association of EOT dNLR with pCR in TNBC (>2.231, OR: 0.43, CI: 0.25-0.74, p = 0.0035). Conclusions No association was found between dNLR and pCR in luminal BC. High dNLR levels at baseline and especially EOT seem to be associated with worse clinical outcome in TN tumors after neoadjuvant CT. Clinical trial identification GEICAM/2006-03 - NCT00432172: 07 Feb 2007 ETNA - NCT01822314: 02 Abr 2013. Legal entity responsible for the study GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure M. Mansutti: Advisory / Consultancy: Celgene; Advisory / Consultancy: Novartis; Advisory / Consultancy: Pfizer; Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Roche; Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: AstraZeneca. A. Lluch: Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Amgen; Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): AstraZeneca; Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Boehringer-Ingelheim; Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): GSK; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Novartis; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Pfizer; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Roche/Genentech; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Eisai; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Celgene; Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Pierre-Fabre. M. Thill: Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Genomic Health; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Amgen; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Celgene; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Eisai; Honoraria (self): Hexal; Honoraria (self), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Medtronic; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: MSD; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Myriad; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Novartis; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Pfizer; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: PFM Medical; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Roche; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: RTI Surgical; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Teva; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Biom-up; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Lilly; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Neodynamics; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Norgine; Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Tesaro. L. Gianni: Advisory / Consultancy, MetIS, Novartis, Odonate Therapeutics, Revolution Medicine, Synaffix, Zymeworks: CONSULTANCY: ADC Therapeutics,; Advisory / Consultancy, RESEARCH FUNDING (institution): Zymeworks, Daiichi SankyoZymeworks, Daiichi Sankyo: AstraZeneca; Advisory / Consultancy, PATENTS, ROYALTIES: European Patent Application N. 12195182.6 and 12196177.5', Roche: Celgene; Advisory / Consultancy: Lilly; Advisory / Consultancy: G1 Therapeutics; Advisory / Consultancy: Genentech; Advisory / Consultancy: Genomic Health; Advisory / Consultancy: MSD; Advisory / Consultancy: Oncolytics Biotech; Advisory / Consultancy: Odonate Therapeutics; Advisory / Consultancy: Onkaido; Advisory / Consultancy: Roche; Advisory / Consultancy: Pfizer; Advisory / Consultancy: Tahio Pharmaceutical; Advisory / Consultancy: Sandoz; Advisory / Consultancy: SeaGen,; Advisory / Consultancy: Synthon; Advisory / Consultancy: Zymeworks,; Advisory / Consultancy: CD47; Advisory / Consultancy: GENENTA. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


Technologies for the conversion of Marine Energy (ME) into electricity are now ready for full-scale deployment in farms of devices, making the final step from demonstration to operability and commercial exploitation. Although marine energy is more abundant along the Atlantic and Nordic European coasts, significant resources are also available in the Mediterranean Sea, opening up new perspectives for sustainable energy production in sensitive coastal areas and for the economic development of Southern Europe. The implementation of ME converters in the Mediterranean is also liable to induce significant technological advancements, as the low energy levels impose more restrictive constraints on device efficiency and environmental compatibility, while the milder climate allows the testing of concepts and prototypes in the natural environment at more affordable costs. Research institutions and industrial players in Mediterranean countries have in fact already taken up the challenge. The energy sector now adds up to the many different traditional maritime activities and to the new ocean-related industries that are developing, potentially exacerbating the competition for the use of marine space in the Mediterranean region. As the prospective sea use patterns are rapidly changing, an adequate international legal and policy framework needs to be designed for the coherent management of sea space, and Marine Spatial Planning needs to be finally implemented. To this end, the creation of transnational clusters of stakeholders is expected to be an effective catalyzer.


We reflect on translating participatory and experiential learning methodologies into an online teaching environment through a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) that simulates the 'real-world' contexts of international development in order to develop an applied critical understanding of gender analysis and gender mainstreaming. Rather than being prescriptive, the paper aims to contribute to the growing body of literature that emphasizes the potential of using online technologies for providing opportunities for experiential and work-integrated learning. Our experience leads us to conclude that VLEs provide opportunities to facilitate knowledge contextualization and prepare students for an uncertain and complex world of work.


In order to analyze the influence of semi-trailer truck operating conditions on road surface, a three-dimensional vehicle-pavement coupled model with 14 degrees of freedom is established for simulation and calculation. The influence of the different vehicle operating conditions on the dynamic tire loads, dynamic load coefficient (DLC) and road-friendliness which include road surfaces, vehicle speeds, vehicle loads are analyzed in this study. The results shown that the influence of the road surface roughness and vehicle loads on the tire dynamic load coefficient as well as road-friendliness is very obvious. Especially, the DLC values of the 3rd axle increase from 23.97 %, and 34.88 % when vehicle moves on three different road conditions with a velocity of 20 m/s and fully loaded. Finally, this study result gives the road-friendly limit of driving speed for 5-axle semi-trailer truck when vehicle operates under the different conditions.


[Objective]To understand the knowledge and attitude about snacks consumption among parents and their impacts on related behaviors in primary school children.[Methods]A total of 1446 adults having children in primary school were recruited by a cluster sampling strategy from Jing'an District,Shanghai.A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted.Descriptive analysis,univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression were used in this study.[Results]The proportion of adults who didn't oppose to rewarding children with snacks,eating snacks instead of meals in dinner and having snacks within half an hour before or after dinner were 57.61%,42.19%and 11.00%,respectively.The results of the multivariate linear regression model suggested that the adults' knowledge and attitudes about snacks consumption were associated with their children's related behaviors,such as whether snacks could be used to encourage and reward their children or not,snacks advertised on TV could be taken at will and times of eating snacks a day,etc(P0.05).[Conclusion]The adults' knowledge and attitudes affect their children's related behaviors.It is necessary to enhance the education to adults in parenting on reasonably snack eating pattern.


A wireless meter reading and energy-saving control system that consists of ZigBee network,GSM network and meter reading center is designed.The wireless energy monitoring and control terminals based on CC2530 and CS5466,and Routers/Collectors with power amplifier CC2591 are designed.GSM controller is designed to receive and parse the user control commands,and control corresponding terminal relay setting of electric energy meter through ZigBee net.The PC monitoring software is designed based on Delphi 7 and SQL server 2000 for data processing of meter reading center,and wireless real-time control is realized for any one of terminal relay setting of electric energy meter,which is convenient for on-demand remote power up/power down, so can realize saving energy.


Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE) is a rare but distinct disease, characterized by vesicobullous skin eruptions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It can arise either before or after a diagnosis of SLE has been established. BSLE is characterized by a dermatitis herpetiformis-like histology and an autoimmunity to type VII collagen. It must be differentiated from other autoimmune vesicobullous diseases such as epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA disease, and bullous pemphigoid. A combination of clinical, histological, and immunofluorescence findings are necessary to establish a diagnosis of BSLE. We present a case of BSLE to illustrate and emphasize the need for an integrative diagnostic approach. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i1.15691 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No. 1, April, 2013, Page 90-92


Abstract : The control clock system which was developed as part of the hybrid differential analyzer project is discussed. In this system, machine computation proceeds in alternate analog and digital computing intervals. The precise generation of these time intervals, and the command of the solution read-out time are the principal functions of the clock system.


shown). These results permit the deceased patients previously diagnosed with MAUIE to be reclassified as having IWC. However, both individuals also displayed alopecia and developed aggressive cSCC. Although NMSC development in IWC is reported, and an increased risk of cancer development in IWC must be assumed, this extent of cSCC and a fatal course has never been described as such. Development of cSCC is influenced by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and cytogenetic heterogeneity. In patients with IWC, LOH occurs at least in skin and enables development of the pale spots owing to homologous recombination of either chromosome 12q or 17q. The LOH of all genes on 12q/17q is associated with this and includes tumour suppressor genes such as BRCA1, FLCN and NF1. Therefore, it is likely that the LOH also plays a role in tumour development of IWC and MAUIE. Our data of both patients diagnosed with MAUIE excluded a LOH for 12q/17q by heterozygosity of the IWC-associated and further common variants. Thus, the ichthyotic skin can be assumed to be the origin of the examined cSCC. Nevertheless, a possible increased risk of homologous recombination and an associated LOH affecting other chromosomes in patients with MAUIE/IWC cannot be excluded. The search for variants associated with an inherited risk for cSCC development did not reveal changes in another gene common to both patients, apart from those variants known to be somatic driver mutations in cSCC (e.g. NOTCH2, PTEN). Unfortunately, the identification of germline variants in unknown genes is almost impossible on low quality wholeexome-sequencing data from FFPE-cSCC samples. Our study reclassified both patients with MAUIE as having a specific form of IWC including alopecia, recently described in another patient with IWC, and development of aggressive skin cancer. On the basis of our study and the development of skin cancer in a large percentage of patients with IWC, we recommend that all patients with IWC undergo regular intensive skin screening for cancer and be well informed about their disease.


We present interstellar matter (ISM) and circumgalactic medium (CGM) metallicities for 25 absorption systems associated with isolated star-forming galaxies ( ) with 9.4 ≤ log(M*/M⊙) ≤ 10.9 and with absorption detected within (200 kpc). Galaxy ISM metallicities were measured using Hα/[N ii] emission lines from Keck/ESI spectra. CGM single-phase low-ionization metallicities were modeled using Markov Chain Monte Carlo and Cloudy analysis of absorption from HST/COS and Keck/HIRES or VLT/UVES quasar spectra. We find that the star-forming galaxy ISM metallicities follow the observed stellar mass–metallicity relation (1σ scatter 0.19 dex). CGM metallicity shows no dependence with stellar mass and exhibits a scatter of ∼2 dex. All CGM metallicities are lower than the galaxy ISM metallicities and are offset by log(dZ) = −1.17 ± 0.11. There is no obvious metallicity gradient as a function of impact parameter or virial radius (<2.3σ significance). There is no relationship between the relative CGM-galaxy metallicity and azimuthal angle. We find the mean metallicity differences along the major and minor axes are −1.13 ± 0.18 and −1.23 ± 0.11, respectively. Regardless of whether we examine our sample by low/high inclination or low/high impact parameter, or low/high N(H i), we do not find any significant relationship with relative CGM-galaxy metallicity and azimuthal angle. We find that 10/15 low column density systems (logN(H i) < 17.2) reside along the galaxy major axis while high column density systems (logN(H i) ≥ 17.2) reside along the minor axis. This suggests N(H i) could be a useful indicator of accretion/outflows. We conclude that CGM is not well mixed, given the range of galaxy-CGM metallicities, and that metallicity at low redshift might not be a good tracer of CGM processes. On the other hand, we should replace integrated line-of-sight, single-phase metallicities with multiphase, cloud–cloud metallicities, which could be more indicative of the physical processes within the CGM.


The quality of care in the NHS in England did not improve in 2012-13 despite widespread publicity about failings in the care of patients at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, England's health and social care regulator has found.

The Care and Quality Commission carried out more than 35 000 inspections across the NHS and social care sector last year and found poor care in one in 10 inspections in hospitals and residential care homes.

The CQC's annual report cites many examples of hospital patients' concerns being ignored, patients not knowing what was happening, and relatives going hungry because they did not want to leave the patient's side in case a doctor appeared.1

Inspectors had to step up their action against NHS services last year after finding that standards were not being met. The proportion of times inspectors had to take enforcement action more than doubled from 3% in 2011-12 to 6.5% in …


Quinoidal oligothiophenes have attracted great attention as promising electron-transporting semiconductors. However, the use of quinoidal molecules as nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) in organic solar cells has not been reported so far. We hypothesized that control of diradical characteristics to fine-tune the electronic properties of quinoidal oligothiophenes is important for the application to NFAs. Since the representative approach to increase the contribution of the quinoid character is the utilization of aromatic stabilization in a quinoidal form, we designed and developed new quinoidal oligothiophenes that contain benzene annelation. As a result, we revealed that quinoidal terthiophenes having fully benzene annelation functioned as NFAs. Furthermore, the quinoidal thiophene 5-mer showed acceptor characteristics in NIR organic phototransistors. In this presentation, we also discuss the influence of benzene annelation on the diradical character and physical properties.


Abstract : A thermodynamic exclusion principle is used to determine those regions in the earth's upper atmosphere where the formation of clouds due to condensation or sublimation of water vapor is or is not possible. The probability of occurrence of such clouds is then determined from model atmospheres as a function of altitude for different latitudes and seasons. The theoretical results correspond well with actually observed locations, frequencies, and altitudes of noctilucent clouds. It is shown that statistical analysis of certain noctilucent cloud data should not only permit experimental tests of the theoretical study, but also provide, by inference, information about variations of the mesopause altitude with latitude, season, and solar activity.


This article draws on Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of arborescent and rhizomic assemblages to examine encounters between large-scale conservation and grassroots resistance to industry. I explore how the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) World Heritage listing of New Caledonia's reefs contributed to the demise of Rhéébù Nùù, an indigenous activist group that had been targeting a multinational mining project. I also interrogate how an assemblage's form enables certain modalities of power while constraining others and how these differences in power modalities inform relationships between types of assemblages. Mistakenly expecting assistance in protecting their coral reef from mining impacts, Rhéébù Nùù relinquished the coercive power inherent to their rhizomic form in favor of participation in UNESCO's arborescent structure via World Heritage "management committees"—a globally promoted, but locally inappropriate, comanagement diagram that targeted local fishing activities despite an absence of overfishing. Thus, this article argues that rhizomic structures have unique means of influence, exercised through particular modalities of power, which might be lost through cooptation into arborescent assemblages that exercise different modalities of power and might employ locally inappropriate diagrams. Ultimately, conservation does not only result in the extension of state powers, as the literature has shown; as this study demonstrates, it can surreptitiously support the extension of environmentally damaging industrial development at the expense of grassroots action.


PrologueTHE FAILURE OF SYNTAXThe BridgeA Nervous ConditionThe Friendly Forest'Round in CirclesProjectionRaising CainTHE DEMONS OF RESISTANCEThe Power of BeliefAn American HollySoaringNet ResultsMetamorphosisThe CurseInterludeBONDS AND BINDSSymbiosisAttachmentJean and JaneThe Magic RingThe LessonCinderellaREPTILIAN REGRESSIONSCaught in Her Own WebThe WallflowerPanicBurnoutNarcissusTraditionEpilogueDISCUSSION QUESTIONS


01 Executive Summary This brief evaluates financing and governance challenges pervasive to the revitalization of green spaces for sustainable development in Kenya. These issues impede the country's ability to conserve the environment and preserve the livelihood of communities. The paper recommends the adoption of robust financing models that augment resources from both government and private actors. It further recommends that infrastructural projects should be implemented following national and county environmental policies. Consequently, alternate ideas around multi-agency governance arrangements for the development, preservation, and management of urban green spaces in Kenya should be promoted and supported. Research and Analysis in Development


Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA(Dated: October 28, 2010)In this paper we generalized the slave-particle technique to study the phase diagram of the Hub-bard model on honeycomb lattice which may contain charge fluctuations. For large U, we haveantiferromagnetic order phase. As we decrease U below U


GRAM is a mediatic arts research group composed of five professors from three universities and ten MA, PHD and post doctoral students. Dr. Louise Poissant, an art philosopher specializing in the media arts is the founder and head of the group. While she makes all administrative and financial decisions, I am responsible for the holographic section. In this research I have been assisted by Philippe Boissonnet and am presently assisted by Marie- Christiane Mathieu, both holographers. Our group is based at the Universite du Quebec a Montreal.


In order to achieve the high accuracy temperature measurement for a uncooled long-wave infrared thermal imager under different ambient temperatures,the radiometric calibration model of the infrared thermal imager is established in consideration of the effect of detector operation temperature.The radiometric calibration experiment is then conducted,and sixteen functional relations between image gray levels and detector operation temperatures at different blackbody temperatures and different brightness gain values are obtained.The mathematical calculation model of target temperature is established and the calibration result is verified by experiments.The results show that the detector operation temperature effect can be treated linearly in the range from 25 ℃ to 40 ℃,and it is independent on the target temperature.By setting an appropriate brightness gain,the temperature measurement error of the infrared thermal imager is less than 0.5 ℃,which is a great improvement of the measurement accuracy of the uncooled long-wave infrared thermal imager under different ambient temperatures.


In this work are given new paradoxes and fallacies discovered in the theory of balancing chemical reactions. All the counterexamples showed that so–called »chemical procedures« of balancing chemical reactions given in earlier chemical literature are inconsistent. Balancing chemical reactions is a mathematical procedure independent of chemistry. In order to avoid the appearance of paradoxes, chemical reactions must be considered as a formal system founded by virtue of well–defined mathematical model. The results obtained in this work affirmed that the usage of traditional ways of balancing chemical reactions is limited. They may be used only for balancing some elementary chemical equations. In other words, foundation of chemistry looks for a new approach of balancing chemical reactions, which must be completely different than current »chemical procedures«. This work is a collection and analysis of some paradoxes and fallacies which appeared in the theory of balancing chemical reactions.


Media has an important role in the learning process of early childhood. Media can be used as a tool to facilitate learning process to be effective and eficient. This program is done at Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Al-Masithoh and Raudhatul Athfal Miftahul Ulum, both are located in Sukosono, Kedung, Jepara. The objectives of this program are: (1) to develop the creativity of RA teachers on creating instructional media; (2) to increase the knowledge and skills of RA teachers on learning media, called softbook; (3) to improve the linguistic intelligence of students using bilingual softbook as a learning medium. The methods used are education, training, education, and practice. The results of this program are: (1) the output or product in this program is a softbook (buku bantal) made from spons ati as the basic material. It is related to RA theme with bilingual concept (Indonesian and English) and (2) schools could practice of making the bilingual softbook according to the stages started from drawing, painting, writing, sticking, decorating , sewing, and the last is finishing.


The position taken by Mr Darwin is, that all species have arisen by the natural process of ordinary generation. That the differences which we now see in them have arisen from slight variations in individuals having from time to time occurred, which have been perpetuated by inheritance, by successive stages and slow degrees, through unlimited spaces of time. Some of these slight variations he considers to originate in causes beyond our power of explanation, and which, although not the work of chance, we may call chance, for want of a better appellation—others to arise from habit, or from the excessive use or disuse of certain organs; but that when such a variation has once appeared, it is preserved by hereditary descent through a principle which he calls "natural selection," and which he deduces as a corollary from the struggle for existence which we see constantly going on around us.


In 1934, Paul W. Lapidus published his experience with an operation for the correction of hallux valgus that would later bear his name.10 He did not claim the originality of this operation and readily acknowledged many other surgeons had already reported similar approaches for hallux valgus. With this manuscript, Lapidus intended "to stress the mechanical importance of the metatarsus primus varus, as one of the most frequent and most prominent factors of the hallux valgus deformity." He described an operation composed of an arthrodesis of the first tarsometatarsal joint, the creation of a bony bridge between the bases of the first and second metatarsals and a distal soft-tissue release and repair similar to the Silver procedure that effectively corrected an atavistic "square foot" that he believed had a congenital predisposition toward hallux valgus. He emphasized the importance of resecting bone only from the lateral portion of the joint while denuding it of its articular cartilage to obtain acceptable correction of the deformity and a condition favorable for fusion. Lapidus refined his indications and modified his operative technique over his career and reported these changes in two subsequent publications.11,12 Over time he concluded that only the subset of the patients with hallux valgus who manifested a fixed metatarsus primus varus and an intermetatarsal angle larger than 15 (later revised to larger than 10 to 12) degrees required more than a distal softtissue procedure. He reported his technique of obtaining an anteroposterior radiograph with the forefoot tightly bandaged to determine the mobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint. He found that leaving the cortical bone chips he had osteotomized from the first and second metatarsals and


The article analyses linguo-pragmatic aspects of a cross-cultural business interview based on the examples from business interviews with participants of gender-specific characteristics speaking different varieties of English, belonging to various cultures and working for international companies.


It was studied the clinical files of patients from the emergency and general surgery that were submitted to splenecto- my, from January 1995 to June 1999. There were included 51 patients in the study, 75.5% were females. The splenec- tomy was made more frequently due to idiopathic thrombocitopenic purpura. The surgical approach most used was open, in 96.1% of the patients, and drain was employed in 68.6% of all the cases. Postoperative complications were presents in 60.8% of the patients, and bleeding was the most frequent, the mortality rate observed was 5.9%.


Political science is abundant of time-series event count (TSEC) data. This paper argues that state space form makes TSEC models easy to interpret, compare and extend. Its merit is illustrated by extension of the Poisson exponentially weighted moving average model. With help of MCMC, I propose to use negative binomial instead of Poisson in measurement equation, which has not been used in TSEC models. Monte Carlo simulation demonstrates that my model is more robust against violation of Poisson assumption such as omitted variables. Moreover, I rewrite other existent TSEC models in state space form.


Thesis entitled"Salt induced alterations in the Physiological, Biochemical and Proteomic profile of the symbiotic cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae" submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology by Ravindra K. Yadav.


This study examined responses from more than one thousand employed adults across the United States to shed light on the causal directions and temporal dynamics between, on the one hand, the hostile social situations employees face at work (i.e., workplace mistreatment) and, on the other hand, the harmful behaviors that employees enact at work. Using autoregressive cross-lagged panel analyses on a 12-wave longitudinal dataset, we show that employees' bad behaviors at work (e.g., sabotage, theft, abuse of coworkers) are both a cause and a consequence of experiencing mistreatment from colleagues and supervisors (e.g., ostracism, everyday discrimination, abusive supervision). We investigate the temporal aspects of this reciprocal relationship and find that deviance-to-mistreatment and mistreatment-to-deviance effects both occur over a 1-week time horizon. Moreover, this reciprocal relationship continued across the 12 weeks of the study, and its magnitude neither intensified nor diminished over this time period. Finally, we investigated the role of moral character evaluations in the reciprocal mistreatment-deviance relationship. Our results revealed that individuals whose moral character is more positively regarded by coworkers (i.e., those evaluated as higher in honesty-humility) are less penalized by others in response to their deviance. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications of these results for mitigating deviance and mistreatment in organizations.


the subject of this thesis is the volley score competition procedure.The research builds up a multi-layered structure theory model of score competition process by theoretical analysis and verifies the real-time practice of the model by taking technical analysis of the high-level man's volleyball in the world.It also makes a quantitative identification of the feature of the multi-layered structure of world high-level men's volleyball and the rule of gaining and losing scores.


Matrix converter is a new type of AC-AC converters,compared with traditional AC-DC converter,it requires no DC energy storage devices,and has characteristics of compact structure and small size.But its complex structure of the controller data processing capabilities is higher,and the traditional matrix converter control system is difficult to meet the requirements.The latest DSP28335 chip as a controller,this greatly improves the controllers data processing capabilities,and based on indirect space vector modulation strategy for designing a set of control system hardware and software.Finally,V/F control strategy test is carried out,the results show the feasibility of the control system,and it has practical application value.


The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro wear and superficial roughness of four materials (Delton Dyract Flow, Dentsply; Filtek Flow, Vitremer, 3M ESPE) used as fissure sealant in 32 extracted human molars divided in four groups (n = 8) after abrasion with toothbrush/dentifrice. Impressions of each occlusal surface were made to analyze wear and circular specimens were prepared to analyze the roughness. Teeth and specimens were mounted in a toothbrushing machine. The replicas were observed using a SEM to determine the superficial wear. Wear: there were no statistically significant differences either between Delton and Filtek Flow or between Dyract Flow and Vitremer. Roughness: there were no statistical differences between Filtek Flow and Dyract Flow, Dyract Flow and Vitremer, Vitremer and Delton., Considering the clinical practice, if caries activity is present the use of Vitremer is suggested not only for its well known fluoride release, but it presented good roughness results.


In high-density and high-rise urban areas, pedestrian level winds contribute to improve comfort, safety and diffusion of heat in urban areas. Outdoor wind study is extremely vital and a prerequisite in high-density cities considering that the immediate pedestrian level wind environment is fundamentally impacted by the presence of a series of high-rise buildings. In this paper, the research site of Sai Ying Pun in Hong Kong will be analysed in terms of geography, climate and urban morphology, while the surrounding natural ventilation has also been simulated by the wind tunnel experiment Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). It has found that, the existing problems in this district are the contradiction between planning control and commercial interests, which means some areas around tall buildings are not benefit to the residents because of the unhealthy wind environment. Therefore, some recommendation of urban renewal strategy has been provided.


The MeCP2 protein is a transcriptional repressor binding to methylated cytosines and modifying the chromatin structure. Mecp2 gene was eventually found to be the cause of 95% of Rett Syndrome cases. In spite of its ubiquitous expression, it is believed to have some unique functions in the neurons. But till now, very less is known about the role of MeCP2 in neuronal cells and the mechanism by which it brings about the deteriorating disorder. The aim of the project was to produce two different transgenic mouse models expressing Mecp2 tagged with EGFP as a reporter to further characterize Mecp2 and obtain an appropriate functional analysis. The transgenic constructs have been generated by engineering a BAC clone (B22804) containing the entire Mecp2 gene of the mouse and flanking sequences, by GET recombination. First mouse model overexpresses the wild type Mecp2 labeled at C-terminus with EGFP protein. The second transgenic model overexpresses an early truncated (human mutation) Mecp2 protein, lacking the nuclear localization signal, also labeled at the C-terminus with the EGFP protein. The investigation of the transgenic mouse lines shall allow the spatio-temporal analysis of the Mecp2 protein by tracing the EGFP protein. Moreover, the transgenic mouse model which ectopically expresses an early truncated Mecp2 protein will help to understand the role of the mutated protein in the pathogenesis of the Rett Syndrome. Although Mecp2 is more predominantly expressed in the brain, it doesn"t seem to express in all the cells including glial cells. So, the Mecp2+/EGFP+ specific brain cells were isolated by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) using our unique transgenic mouse models and the identity of them could be characterized using different markers by immunostaining. A transcriptomics approach using the Mecp2+/EGFP+ cell sub-population between the two transgenic models would validate the regulation of already found target genes or determine new target genes specifically. Further analysis will be done in the following directions: Live cell imaging of Mecp2 at the synapses, analysis of Mecp2+/EGFP+ cells in the respiratory network through the mouse development, and determining the size of the neurons expressing the transgenic proteins.


In a retrospective analytical study of 191 severe head injury patients admitted in Sodei Prabuddhalertla hospital, Samut Song Khram between October 1,2003 and September 30, 2005 were compared with 210 severe head injury patients between October 1,2005 and September 30,2006 or before after hospital accreditation. During which emergency management system had been fully accredited since October 1,2005 and was financially supported the Narentorn Emergency Center. Significant decrease of mortality and morbidity rates of severe head injury had been observed, particularly the reduction mortality rates during pre - ,post – Hospital Accreditation from 70.16 precent to 47.14. Key words : severe head injury, emergency management system


The research is aimed to analyse character education content and the factors that led to the similarities and differences in character education content of Indonesian history textbooks of Grade XI students based on 2013 curriculum issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture and Erlangga. Problems in this research were examined using a descriptive qualitative research with content analysis method. Results of the study show that textbooks issued by Ministry of Education and Erlangga contain the character values that are in the National Character Education and PPK. Ministry of Education's textbook has four dominant character values, namely a sense of wonder, nationalism, being independent, and religiousity. While character values in Erlangga textbook is more dominant on the following values: fond of reading, a sense of wonder, nationalism, and integrity. The textbooks issued by Ministry of Education and Erlangga both have such character values because they referred to the 2013 Curriculum, which emphasizes the development of individuals' characteristic. The factors that caused the difference in the contents of character values in the both of these textbooks are the approach and the material's form of delivery. The Ministry of Education and Culture's textbook used a regressive approach while Erlangga's textbook used the narrative approach.Each book raises the character value with different forms of delivery, either directly or directly. The content of character values in these textbooks are expected to be sources of character growth for students and to help them play a role in efforts to develop character education in history studies.


There are essentially two different approaches to the axiomatization of quantum field theory (QFT): algebraic QFT, going back to Haag and Kastler, and functorial QFT, going back to Atiyah and Segal. More recently, based on ideas by Baez and Dolan, the latter is being refined to " extended " functorial QFT by Freed, Hopkins, Lurie and others. The first approach uses local nets of operator algebras which assign to each patch an algebra " of observables " , the latter uses n-functors which assign to each patch a " propagator of states ". In this note we present an observation about how these two axiom systems are naturally related: we demonstrate under mild assumptions that every 2-dimensional extended Minkowskian QFT 2-functor (" parallel surface transport ") naturally yields a local net. This is obtained by postcomposing the propagation 2-functor with an operation that mimics the passage from the Schrödinger picture to the Heisenberg picture in quantum mechanics. The argument has a straightforward generalization to general pseudo-Riemannian structure and higher dimensions.


Severe coronary calcium increases the complexity of percutaneous coronary interventions. It may affect the adequate preparation of the lesion, proper stent expansion and apposition and increase the risk of stent thrombosis and restenosis. The techniques available for the management of severe calcified lesions can be divided into 2 groups: non-balloon and balloon-based technologies. Rotational atherectomy has been the predominant technique to treat severe calcified lesions. As a matter of fact, there are new devices available that facilitate the modification of the plaque such as the new lithoplasty balloon that involves the use of high-energy mechanical pulses to crack coronary calcium. Coronary lithoplasty is an easy technique with a short learning curve that seems to be more effective on deep calcium by increasing luminal compliance. This may revolutionize the standard approach for the management of severe calcified coronary lesions. Also, the role of intravascular imaging is essential to select the most appropriate plaque-modification device and assess the optimal stent result. This review provides an overview of the techniques available and evidence on the currently approved devices to treat calcified lesions. Palabras clave: Aterectomía rotacional. Aterectomía orbital. Láser de excímeros. Litoplastia coronaria. Opciones actuales para el tratamiento de las lesiones calcificadas


Background: Nerve impulses that are generated in injured nociceptive fibers and enter the spinal cord are known to cause central sensitization leading to neuropathic pain. Injury-induced impulses that are transmitted antidromically into the peripheral terminals of nociceptive fibers may also cause nociceptors to be sensitized, thus contributing to neuropathic pain. However, this possibility has not yet been tested. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of antidromic impulses on the mechanical allodynic behavior seen in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly into one of two groups, i.e., a capsaicin group or a vehicle group. Capsaicin group animals were treated with 1% capsaicin (4) in the stump of the distal nerve after severing the fifth left lumbar spinal nerve in order to inhibit delayed and continued antidromic impulses. The vehicle group was treated with same solution without capsaicin. The withdrawal threshold for mechanical allodynia was measured using von Frey hairs in terms of the bending force required to elicit hind-paw withdrawal. Threshold values were compared between the two groups. Results: The capsaicin group showed a statistically significant difference in terms of the paw withdrawal threshold as compared with the corresponding control from 12 days and this remained so until 32 days after treatment. Conclusions: Our results suggest that antidromic impulses developed by nerve injury are partly responsible for the development of mechanical allodynia.


In this paper, we review some of our works on tuning the slow-light effect and superprism effect in photonic crystals from a synergistic perspective. The dispersive effects in a generic photonic crystal structure are classified into the longitudinal dispersion and angular dispersion according to their orientations with respect to the direction of light propagation. The slow-light effect originates from the longitudinal dispersion whereas the superprism effect originates primarily from the angular dispersion. The ability to tune these two categories of dispersive effects leads to several interesting topics of photonic crystal research, including slow-light photonic crystal modulators and superprism demultiplexers and sensors. We will discuss commonality and difference between the tunings of these two effects.


Technologies of refining the oil of Silybum marianum(milk thistle) seed were optimized to achieve the comprehensive utilization of the seed.Taking the mechanical pressing oil as raw material,technological conditions in the three refining procedures were examined by single and orthogonal experiments.Ths three stages included removing free acid by bases,decoloration by activated clay,and deodorization by steam distillation.Changes of bioactive constituents were also monitored by measuring the content of standard constituent silibin with HPLC.The results showed that in the free acid revoving procedure,the concentration of sodium hydroxide was 10%,the percentage of extra alkali addition was 0.15%,and the neutralization time and temperature were 25 min 60℃,respectively.For decoloration,the optimal conditions were amount of the addition of activated caly: 4%,time: 25 min,temperature: 100 ℃.Two hours introduction of steam could effectively remove the odor of crude oil.The content of silymarin in refined oil was 0.247 mg·g-1,the loss rate was 11.47%.After refining,the physical and chemical properties of the oil all meet the standards of edible vegetable oil.


The promising rice genotypes were grown in different agro-ecological regions of Gujarat state to study their adaptability to varying climatic and soil conditions. Yield data of 21 rice genotypes grown at Nawagam, Vyara, Dabhoi and Thasra locations during kharif-2006 were collected from the Main Rice Research Station, Nawgam, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. Result of the combined or pooled ANOVA revealed that genotype, environment and genotype-environment interaction were highly significant. Significant genotypic variance indicated genetic diversity among genotypes yield. Further the results of non-parametric stability analysis indicated that the genotypes IET-19147 and NWGR3006 had the lowest value of Si (1)


Did the Nazis present a special message concerning the memory of the Great War? Studying Amt Rosenberg's bibliographical recommendations, WWI appears as the place of a strictly nationalistic message: Nazi discourses are not to be found, neither in the text, nor in the paratexts.


Substrate-transferred single-crystal semiconductor heterostructures are effective as low-thermal-noise optical coatings for small beams. We discuss developing GaAs/AlGaAs coatings at a size scale relevant to interferometric gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO. © 2018 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 310.1620, 270.2500, 350.1270


The implementation of proactive fiscal policy ta king issue of treasu re bonds as its main content has scored a success in expanding domestic demand a nd improving economic growth.However,the reality of less vigorous market demand and pressure of deflation cause the high voice of tax abatement.Through analyzin g the rapid increase of tax revenue and height of macro tax burden,the author be lieves that tax abatement is not feasible.At the present stage,it is necessary t o implement the policy of appropriate tax abatement and tax increase based on th e structural adjustment of tax revenue system.


1 Islets from normal mice were used to study the mechanisms by which imidazoline antagonists of α2‐adrenoceptors increase insulin release in vitro. 2 Alinidine, antazoline, phentolamine and tolazoline inhibited 86Rb efflux from islets perifused with a medium containing 3 mm glucose, i.e. under conditions where many adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP)‐sensitive K+ channels are open in the β‐cell membrane. They also reduced the acceleration of 86Rb efflux caused by diazoxide, an opener of ATP‐sensitive K+ channels. 3 ATP‐sensitive and voltage‐sensitive K+ currents were measured in single β‐cells by the whole‐cell mode of the patch‐clamp technique. Antazoline more markedly inhibited the ATP‐sensitive than the voltage‐sensitive current, an effect previously observed with phentolamine. Alinidine and tolazoline partially decreased the ATP‐sensitive K+ current. 4 The four imidazolines reversed the inhibition of insulin release caused by diazoxide (through opening of ATP‐sensitive K+ channels) or by clonidine (through activation of α2‐adrenoceptors) in a concentration‐dependent manner. Only the former effect correlated with the ability of each drug to increase control insulin release stimulated by 15 mm glucose alone. 5 It is concluded that the ability of imidazoline antagonists of α2‐adrenoceptors to increase insulin release in vitro can be ascribed to their blockade of ATP‐sensitive K+ channels in β‐cells rather than to their interaction with the adrenoceptor.


The present invention relates to a pool for sealant best dose of 500 mg for use in the treatment of postmenopausal women with breast cancer, progression or recurrence of the progress during endocrine therapy.


Access control regulates the behavior of legitimate users in the security domain to access and operate resources, and ensures that resources are not used by unauthorized users, in order to protect resources. With the maturity of security label technology, new requirements are put forward for access control of multi-level security network. In this paper, a fine-grained access control model based on sensitivity calculation by fuzzy mathematics is proposed. Fuzzy mathematics is used to comprehensively calculate the sensitivity level of users and files based on their security label attributes. On this basis, the mandatory access control policies are set to make the access control mechanism between users and files more reasonable.


This paper treats some problems concerning the access to the resources when the holonic approach is used in manufacturing systems. The proposed solution makes use of a separate component that should solve distinct problems on accessing the services provided by the operational units existing in a manufacturing environment. It solves the configuration phase and then ensures the information collecting as needed for system monitoring and evaluation. The interfaces integrated with the respective component are described, too. For the holonic architecture performance analysis, a Petri net based model is used. The conclusions regard the way a centralized component added to a heterarchical manufacturing control scheme can determine certain advantages.


The CPOB (computer processing organic-glass burning-mark) method is used to measure TEM of High Power CO2 laser, the three-dimensional display of the TEM profile. So the center of light spot, the diameter of light spot, the distribution of power density along the line and the distribution of average power density on a circles area of different radius can be determined. This method is of great importance in the material laser machining field.


OSLER has remarked that, when a score of remedies are used for one disease, it is probable that none of them has much value. To add still another weapon, or rather to remind you of the availability of still another weapon, for the treatment of arthritis would, therefore, seem to be superfluous; however, the simplicity of application of this weapon, its effectiveness in acute cases of a specific type, and its freedom from objectionable sequelae make its further utilization worth while. The first report of the use of roentgen therapy in the treatment of arthritis was that of Sokoloff (1), who, in 1897, used it for the relief of pain in articular rheumatism. Stenbeck (2), in 1898, reported the results of treatment of 52 cases; 40 per cent of these cases showed "considerable improvement" and another 40 per cent "at least subjective improvement." About thirty further papers appeared on the subject up to 1930, since which time numerous articles have been published. Its first mention in the American literature wa...


Summary 1. We examined the consequences of maternal investment and developmental plasticity for morphology and locomotor performance of early stage larvae of the frog Bombina orientalis. 2. We quantified the stages at which B. orientalis hatch in a natural population in the Republic of Korea. Greater than 95% of embryos hatched with prominent yolk masses and had not yet acquired circulation in the caudal fin (stages 19-21). Stage at hatching did not depend on egg size or the temperature experienced during development. 3. To investigate relationships between egg size, temperature during embryonic development, hatchling morphology and locomotor performance, we reared embryos at either a high or low temperature in the laboratory. Among individuals at the modal stage of hatching in the field (stage 21), egg size had positive effects on both snout-vent length (SVL) and tail length. In contrast, the temperature experienced prior to hatching influenced only tail length, with development at high temperature resulting in shorter tails. These effects of egg size and developmental temperature resulted in a range of hatchling morphologies that in turn influenced maximum sprint speed. Specifically, longer tails but not greater SVLs increased sprint speed. Moreover, development from larger eggs resulted in slower speeds, after controlling for the effects of total length. 4. We also examined morphology-performance relationships after larvae developed for one additional stage (stage 22). Among these individuals, egg size again had positive effects on both SVL and tail length, and a high developmental temperature resulted in shorter tails. But in contrast to individuals at the modal stage of hatching, both longer tails and greater SVLs increased sprint speeds and there were no residual effects of egg size after controlling for total length. 5. These results concur with previously demonstrated relationships between egg size, hatchling morphology and susceptibility to predation in the field (Kaplan 1992). This suggests that locomotor performance may be a functional link between maternal investment in individual offspring and subsequent offspring fitness. Finally, we discuss the rapid ontogenetic changes demonstrated in this study in relation to the causes and consequences of performance variability, as well as the evolution of optimal levels of maternal investment.


Introduction: The Long Latency auditory evoked potential is used to evaluate the cortical processing of the acoustic information. Objective: To describe and compare the values of latency and amplitude of the Long Latency Evoked Potential in children. Also, to provide reference values. Material and Method: Quantitative and cross-sectional study. 20 individuals were evaluated with ages between 5:00 -9:11 with typical development. Evoked Potential was performed with the equipment Smart Ep (Intelligent Hearing Systems) with verbal stimuli using insert headphones. Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: There were no statistical significant differences between latency values and components amplitude of this potential, considering variables of ear and gender. The following reference values for components latency and amplitude potential were obtained. Conclusion: By this study, it was possible to propose values of reference for the components of the potential into the sample, considering that no statistically significance difference was found in the variables studied.


The authors report a case, not described so far in literature, of an association of HbJ-Broussais [alpha (90 (PG2) lys-->asn beta 2] with beta + thalassemia in a young girl born of Italian father and Breton mother. This association is clinically silent. Biochemistry revealed, besides HbA, the presence of HbJ-Broussais in the proportion of 19.4% and HbA2 value of 3.9%. These percentages, slightly lower than expected, are explained. A familial study is presented.


Objective To study the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in Fuyang so as to provide scientific evidence for antiretroviral therapy.Methods 1 061 AIDS patients were given the free standardized antiretroviral treatment.Blood samples were collected periodically for the detection of weight and CD+4 T lymphocyte.Results 59.51% of AIDS patients gained in weight.CD+4 T lymphocyte cell count increased dramatically with baseline of over 136/μl during 12 months of treatment in patients for different treatment schemes,while this increasing happened with baseline of over 150/μl with the increase of months of treatment.The survival rate was 87.28% after 36 months of treatment.Conclusions The highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) scheme has a certain effect on AIDS patients.The immune function of the patients has been rebuilt,and the mortality rate reached the control goal.


In view of the problems such as the time of self-consolidation is long and the drain pipes are easy to clogged and consolidation will slow down gragually in practice,a grading vacuum preloading method is put forward,namely,vacuum preloading is imposed hierarchically,and simulation tests are carried out in laboratory.The test results show that the moisture content and the soluble salt content decreases gradually,the strength increases gradually during the consolidation process of dredger fill.The physical and chemical properties of dredger fill have been improved after the hierarchical vacuum preloading.At the same time,samples are tested by the mercury intrusion test which sampled from consolidation process and the pore distribution characteristics is analyzed by using fractal theory.It shows that the large size of pore will be compressed into more small pore with the increase of consolidation pressure and the variation of pore diameter distribution is changed from majority of large size pore(above 50%) into advantage of middle and small size pore,which are above 35% and above 35% respectively.


Documentation in the literature indicates that death is as painless following the induction of hypoxia by rapid decompression as by other methods that lead to hypoxia, such as exposure to high altitude, carbon monoxide, and inert gases (nitrogen, xenon, and krypton). Many of the signs and symptoms of hypoxia are the same as those for alcoholic intoxication and inert gas narcosis. Moreover, there is good evidence that analogous relationships or mechanisms may exist for hypoxia, inert gas narcosis, and anesthesia.


Operating characteristics for a 118-mm bore cylindrical roller bearing were calculated using the computer program CYBEAN. The predicted results of inner and outer-race temperatures and heat transferred to the lubricant generally compared well with experimental data for shaft speeds to 3 million DN (25,500 rpm), radial loads to 8900 N (2000 lb), and total lubricant flow rates to 0.0102 cu m/min (2.7 gal/min).


Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is a newly emerged sensing paradigm, where a large group of mobile workers collectively sense and share data for real-time services. However, one major problem that hinders the further development of MCS is the potential leakage of workers' data privacy. In this article, we integrate federated learning (FL) with MCS and introduce a novel sensing system, called federated MCS (F-MCS). In F-MCS, the workers can optimize the global model while keeping all the sensitive training data locally, thus ensuring their data privacy. Nevertheless, there are still two major issues in F-MCS. The first issue is that in F-MCS services, the workers are heterogeneous in terms of computational capacities and data resources. Hence, qualified workers should be appropriately selected to improve the efficiency of the training process. The second issue is that F-MCS is a cross-device FL system, where the platform will finally get the global model after multiple training rounds. However, most privacy-preserving techniques are designed for cross-silo FL platforms, which cannot be applied to real-world F-MCS scenarios. To tackle the above problems, in this article, we propose a privacy-preserving scheme for F-MCS, namely, FedSky. Mainly, by extending the classic FedAvg algorithm, FedSky selects qualified workers based on the constrained group skyline (CG-skyline) and securely aggregates model updates based on the homomorphic encryption technique. Comprehensive security analysis demonstrates the privacy preservation of FedSky. Extensive experiments are conducted on an image classification task, where the comparison results validate the proposed scheme's efficiency and effectiveness.


The paper dixcuss briefly the present state for mineral resources of our country, the life and production of mankind resulted in various environmental and geological calamity, such as landslip, slacktip, fracture, ground subsidence I sea water encroachment, loss of water and erosion of soil, flood and water logging I water resources pollution et al.' explore further relations among the mineral resources, environment and population, make a number of suggestions of continued development: deepen ones understanding that mineral resources are limited; acquire a consciousness of protect the environment against pollution; strengthen birth control; general mobilization of the nation and beautify the environment.


The purpose of the current study was to determine the frequency of imaging–histologic discordance at percutaneous breast biopsy and to assess the likelihood of carcinoma in these discordant lesions.


Purpose: In recent years, various nanoparticles have been identified as excellent contrast agent in x‐ray imaging for small animal experiments. To better evaluate and quantify their potential imaging roles, we used a commercially available micro CTsystem with different imaging settings to study their imaging properties. Method and materials: Micro CTsystem used in this work is a commercial imagingscanner and a CCDcamera is installed as the x‐ray photon detector. Gold (AuNP) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles were fabricated and prepared in test tubes with various concentrations. The average size of AuNPs and SPIOs were determined from transmission electron microscopy to be 1.5 and 50 nm. AuNP samples were prepared in five test tubes with concentrations of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mg/mL. SPIO samples were also in test tubes with concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/mL. For comparison purpose, we also prepared iodinated contrast medium in test tubes with various concentrations. Notice that iodinated contrast medium has been widely used in current clinical x‐ray imaging applications for years. Results: For the concentration of 20 mg/cc at the imaging setting of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 keV, linear attenuation coefficients for AuNPs are 0.06329, 0.04282, 0.03362, 0.02798, 0.02292, and 0.01951 cm−1; SPIOs are 0.03506, 0.02504, 0.01995, 0.01664, 0.01432, and 0.01294 cm−1; and iodinated contrast medium samples are 0.03352, 0.02468, 0.02110, 0.01830, 0.01591, and 0.01432 cm−1. Other quantities including CT numbers and scatter‐to‐primary ratios were also quantified for nanoparticle samples. Experiments were repeated three times and estimated errors were less than 1.0%. Conclusion: From our micro CTimaging measurement, nanoparticles show promising indication as an excellent contrast agent in x‐ray imaging. However, we need to further investigate their related biological consequences such as cell toxicity before nanoparticles can officially enter clinical applications.


In the title compound, C21H24N2O2Si, the carbonyl group of the heterocyclic ring and the O atom of the silyl ether group are placed toward opposite sides and the tert-butyl and pyridazinone moieties are anti-oriented across the Si—O bond [torsion angle = −168.44 (19)°]. In the crystal, molecules are assembled into inversion dimers through co-operative N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the NH groups and O atoms of the pyridazinone rings of neighbouring molecules. The dimers are linked by π–π interactions involving adjacent pyridazinone rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.8095 (19) Å], generating ladder-like chains along the b-axis direction. The chains are further linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane through weak C—H⋯π interactions.