We consider the problem of fault-tolerant parallel exhaustive search, a.k.a. "Treasure Hunt", introduced by Fraigniaud, Korman and Rodeh in [13]: Imagine an infinite list of "boxes", one of which contains a "treasure". The ordering of the boxes reflects the importance of finding the treasure in a given box. There are k agents, whose goal is to locate the treasure in the least amount of time. The system is synchronous; at every step, an agent can "open" a box and see whether the treasure is there. The hunt finishes when the first agent locates the treasure.
The original paper [13] considers non-cooperating randomized agents, out of which at most f can fail, with the failure pattern determined by an adversary. In this paper, we consider deterministic agents and investigate two failure models: The failing-agents model from [13] and a "black hole" model: At most f boxes contain "black holes", placed by the adversary. When an agent opens a box containing a black hole, the agent disappears without an observable trace.
The crucial distinction, however, is that we consider "barely communicating" or "indirectly weakly communicating" agents: When an agent opens a box, it can tell whether the box has been previously opened. There are no other means of direct or indirect communication between the agents.
We show that adding even such weak means of communication has very strong impact on the solvability and complexity of the Treasure Hunt problem. In particular, in the failing agents model it allows the agents to be 1-competitive w.r.t. an optimal algorithm which does not know the location of the treasure, but is instantly notified of agent failures. In the black holes model
(where there is no deterministic solution for non-communicating agents even in the presence of a single black hole) we show a lower bound of 2f + 1 and an upper bound of 4f + 1 for the number of agents needed to solve Treasure Hunt in presence of up to f black holes, as well as partial results about the hunt time in the presence of few black holes.


The currently best known algorithms for the numerical evaluation of hypergeometric constants such as Ç(3) to d decimal digits have time complexity O(M(d) log2d) and space complexity of O(d log d) or O(d). Following work from Cheng, Gergel, Kim and Zima, we present a new algorithm with the same asymptotic complexity, but more efficient in practice. Our implementation of this algorithm improves over existing programs for the computation of Π, and we announce a new record of 2 billion digits for Ç(3).


The article presents research of the problems arising under methodology of national general theory of law. The problems arise under dominance of empirical and naturalistic scientific tools whose cognitive ideal lies in scientific rationality, the tools bringing knowledge out of the scope of facts perceived via experience. An example of this methodology in national juridical studies is the "needs-based" approach presented by P. M. Rabinovych, a famous theoretician. It is emphasized that the methodology of facticity has some typical drawbacks whose highlight presents a part of the goal of the present work along with justification of underestimated possibilities of the idealistic methodology. It is emphasized that the needs-based approach presented by P. M. Rabinovych is the outcome and a variation of more general methodological concepts and theories of empirical and naturalistic character. The article describes the drawbacks typical thereof, in particular interpretation of socio-political reality as facticity, rejection of a priori irrational fundamentals in the phenomena of state and law as well as inability to resolve the main problems of moral consciousness and moral and ethical philosophy. The article defines the boundaries of empiric methods' cognitive possibilities based on the methods and techniques of scientific rationality. It is emphasized that in the field of socio-political phenomena, i.e. in the field of the morally obligatory, which is also constituted by value-necessitated fundamentals as well as by irrational ones, scientific rationality preaching the values-neutral approach becomes incapacitated. Therefore, it is impossible to rationalize the methodology of social and juridical sciences to the fullest extent. This drawback can be eliminated by the opposite methods of idealistic character resulting from acceptance of irrational and a priori fundamentals in the phenomena of state and law. Among these methods are the teachings of unbiased idealistic character, such as Christian idealism or the teachings of biased idealistic character, such as existentialism, the dynamics of the theory of law, the temporal theory of law and the communicative theory of law. The author makes a conclusion that development of those methodological concepts is a promising strategy for further research in general theory of law aimed at eliminating the dominance of the empirical methodology of facticity.


A static string in an AdS Schwarzschild space is dual to a heavy quark-antiquark pair in a gauge theory at high temperature. This space is nonconfining in the sense that the energy is finite for infinite quark-antiquark separation. We introduce an infrared cutoff in this space and calculate the corresponding string energy. We find a deconfining phase transition at a critical temperature T{sub C}. Above T{sub C}, the string tension vanishes representing the deconfined phase. Below T{sub C}, we find a linear confining behavior for large quark-antiquark separation. This simple phenomenological model leads to the appropriate zero temperature limit, corresponding to the Cornell potential and also describes a thermal deconfining phase transition. However, the temperature corrections to the string tension do not recover the expected results for low temperatures.


Rabies is the oldest zoonotic disease known to mankind. It is an acute, progressive, and fatal encephalomyelitis caused by the Rabies virus (RABV) and other Lyssavirus species of the family Rhabdoviridae. (1). Rabies sustains to pose a major public health challenge in India. Although the exact magnitude of the disease is not known reliably, some studies estimate that 174 lakh persons are bitten and approximately 20000 persons succumb to the disease International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 09 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Artificial coordinating fields (ACF) are proposed to deal with the motion planning problems of mobile robots in uncertain dynamic environments. An ACF around an obstacle can generate two orthogonal force vectors to a robot: one is called the coordinating force vector which is purposively designed in this paper, and the other is the repulsive force vector which is the same as that in a conventional artificial potential field. The ACF is designed according to the updated motion purpose and the relative states of the robot with respect to its local environment, and it also satisfies the robot's dynamic constraints. The direction of the coordinating force can be determiend on line according to an optimal evaluation function. The ACF can effectively remove the local minima, and reduce the oscillation of the planned trajectory between multiple obstacles. Only local knowledge of the environments is needed in the ACF-based motion planning. The properties of the ACF such as controllability, adaptability, safety and reachability are studied and discussed in detail in this paper. Theoretical analysis and simulations are given to illustrate our main results.


Objective: to analyze national nursing productions, which address the topic of breast cancer and self-care versus nursing theories. Method: an integrative review, with the guiding question << What nursing theories that are used in studies that deal with the topic of breast cancer and self-care? >> The period from January to April 2011, to search the productions were performed in the databases Lilacs, BDENF, MEDLINE and the SciELO virtual library. Afterwards they were analyzed according to the title, year of publication, place of study, theory, and purpose of the study, results and contributions to nursing. Results: the final sample consisted of five articles; the majority (4) from the North-Northeast region and the Theories were Social Representations, Oren, Leininger, Roy and Imogene King. Conclusion: theories are seldom used in nursing research on self-care and breast cancer. Descriptors: Nursing Care; Nursing; Women's Health; Nursing Theory; Self-care.


The correlation and path coefficient analysis of some kernel quality traits have been studied for 92 cultivars, breeding lines and landrace varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ninety-two genotypes were evaluated in alpha lattice design with two replications. Result of analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences among genotypes in the most of traits. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations among thousand kernel weight (TKW), grain length (GL) and grain width (GW). We also showed TKW, GL and GW had positive correlation with grain protein percentage, gluten weight, and falling number. Grain protein was significantly correlated with several kernel characteristics including: TKW, GL, GW, hardness index, gluten weight, SDS sedimentation, and falling number. On the first and second steps of stepwise regression analysis, protein percentage and falling number were the most effective traits in explaining different trait variations. Path coefficient analysis also showed the direct and significant effects of grain protein percentage and medium direct effect of falling number on SDS sedimentation. This result can be used in wheat breeding programs.


Through in-depth interviews conducted among urban women with different social background,anthropological meanings of women giving their husbands'smoking behaviour were found.They were addiction,bad behavior,lack of family responsibilities,overcoming stresses,trivial matters,men's common ways of social intercourse,and men's feature.The conclusion is that carrying out health education about against women to protect secondhand smoking from their husbands,and focusing on the value alteration of women on treating their husbands'smoking behavior,based the knowledge communication of smoking and passive smoking harm.


The attempts to design highly complex architectures have a plausibility problem and as a result are viewed with a skeptical eye. This problem can be alleviated to some extent by using computer-aided modeling & analysis techniques. The feasibility of an architecture can be ensured by developing detailed computer models to study its behavior under different environments. In this paper we describe the design of a knowledge based Computer Architecture Analysis Tool (CAAT). A prototype of CAAT was developed in a functional subset of NIAL. The tool consists of a knowledge base of queueing models. The mathematical details of analysis are transparent to the user. The concepts are expanded to include distributed expert systems for distributed problem solving of complex architectures that involve multiple domain knowledge.


semiotic and social perspective by Marian Smith in "Ballet, Opera and Staging Practices at the Paris Opera." Smith does a service with her notations of selected scenes from the ballets in Verdi's operas. Giacomo Agosti and Pierluigi Ciapparelli report on commentaries found in rare documents in the city and theatre archives in Milan dealing with artistic commissions to ensure quality of production at the Teatro alia Scala; the renowned painter Francesco Hayez was a member of one of the commissions in the 1840s and 1850s.


It is shown that symmetric products of Heine–Stieltjes quasi-polynomials satisfy an addition formula. The formula follows from the relationship between Heine–Stieltjes quasi-polynomials and spaces of generalized spherical harmonics, and from the known explicit form of the reproducing kernel of these spaces. In special cases, the addition formula is written out explicitly and verified. As an application, integral equations for Heine–Stieltjes quasi-polynomials are found.


The current global economic model needs fundamental change if the goal of health equity worldwide is ever to be reached, the third edition of the Global Health Watch report warns.

The report, written by academics and activists worldwide and billed as an "Alternative World Health report," argues that the failure of the current economic system, ongoing financial, food, and fuel crises, and the challenges of climate change and poverty mean that global health has not improved as it could.

Marion Birth, director of Medact, one of several international health charities coordinating the report, said, "By exposing the link between the health of individuals and a system based …


Purpose Regional lymph node recurrence (RLNR) in gastric cancer is uncommon. We investigated the effects of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy against limited RLNR and analyzed the regularity of regional lymph node recurrence and metastasis. Patients and Methods This retrospective study included 34 gastric cancer patients with limited RLNR after D2 lymphadenectomy between January 2012 and May 2018. All patients received systemic chemotherapy and local radiotherapy with median dose of 52.5 Gy (30–66 Gy in fractions of 1.8–3.0 Gy daily, five times weekly). All sites of recurrent and metastatic lymph nodes were collected and analyzed. Results The median follow-up was 19 months (range 7–60 months). After treatment, complete response and partial response were observed in 32.4% and 55.9% of patients, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 18 months and 13 months. On multivariate analysis, age (≤60 vs >60) was associated with a significantly better OS (p = 0.025) and radiation dose (<54 Gy vs ≥54 Gy) was considered as an independent prognostic factor for PFS (p = 0.000). During radiotherapy, three patients developed grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity, and no deaths were related to the treatments. The most commonly metastatic lymph nodes were the No. 4, No. 3, No. 6, No. 5, No. 7, No. 9, and No. 8 nodes; the recurrent lymph nodes were mainly located in the No. 16b, No. 16a, No. 9, No. 14, No. 7, No. 13, and No. 8 nodes. Conclusion The selected gastric cancer patients with limited RLNR may benefit from radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. High-dose radiotherapy (≥54 Gy) lead to better PFS and tend to extend OS. The major lymph node recurrence sites were in the gastric vascular region (especially No. 16a/b nodes).


A simplified methodology for On-Die clock tree Power Supply Induced Jitter (PSIJ) analysis is put forth. The approach estimates jitter induced on a clock output (CK) without introducing significant error while significantly reducing simulation times. Approach relies on analysis of various transfer functions of on-die linear regulators. The accuracy of this simplified approach is highly dependent on on-die linear regulator design.


Summary. The aim of this study was to examine the community structure and horizontal microdistribution (under the peat mat, transitional zone peat mat/open water and open water zone) of ciliates in shallow peat-bog pools in eastern Poland, as well as to assess the effect of physical and chemical factors on the distribution of planktonic ciliates. The highest species richness occurred in the transitional zone. Decidedly lower numbers of taxa were observed in the open water zone. The density and biomass of protozoa significantly differed between the studied zones, with the lowest numbers in the open water zone and the highest between peat mat and open water. Analyses at the level of species and genera revealed distinct distribution patterns of some taxa. Strombidium viride and Vorticella companula as medium-sized showed highest abundance in open water. Small and medium-sized Cinetochilum margaritaceum and Colpoda sp. were highly abundant in the transitional and in the peat mat zones. In the peat mat, as well as in contact zone, the number of ciliates had the strongest correlation with water temperature, conductivity, concentrations of total organic carbon. In turn, in the open water zone, there was a significant rise in the strong correlation between the number of ciliates and the total phosphorus concentration.


1. Journalism, Memory and The Voice of the Visual 2. Why Images of Impending Death Makes Sense in the News 3. Presumed Death 4. Possible Death 5. Certain Death 6. Journalism's Mix of Presumption, Possibility and Certainty 7. When the "As If" Erases Accountability 8. How News Images Move the Public in Print and Onscreen


In box girders with wide flanges, an uneven flange stress distribution (the flexural normal stress is greater at the edges than that at the center of the flange), so-called shear lag (or positive shear lag), may occur following the characteristics of stress concentration problems. However, Foutch and Chang in 1982 discovered the shear lag anomaly called negative shear lag in which the stress distribution is opposite from that in positive shear lag. Several attempts have been made to explain it. However, existing studies lack a more general and physical explanation on the origin of negative shear lag. In this paper the origin of the anomalous phenomenon is explained from the physical point of view. It is shown that, at any given location, negative shear lag can take place whenever the portion of the shear flow acting along the flange edges, which produces the shear lag-aftereffect, is larger than the remaining portion of shear flow caused by positive shear lag.


Abstract : The following paper discusses a study that investigated how select cognitive and affective assessment surveys may be predictive of decision-making performance in a training simulation. In this study, Army Officers completed a simulation and answered cognitive assessment surveys. Results showed that scores on the Uncertainty Response Scale, Desire for Change subscale (Greco & Roger, 2001), were predictive of overall performance. As predicted, there were also significant changes in affect, as measured by the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List Revised (Lubin & Zuckerman, 1999), on all subscales in response to key events within the simulation. These affective responses are indicative of the participants immersion in the simulation as they assumed the role of the main character. We propose the Cognitive Assessment Support Tool (CAST) as a methodology for incorporating the results from cognitive assessment surveys into tailored feedback provided to users by intelligent tutors, or virtual coaches, during simulations. The results and the proposed CAST framework are discussed in the context of the guided experiential learning (GEL) model of instruction (Kirschner, Sweller, & Clark, 2006), which emphasizes providing background information followed by practicing the task actions and instructional feedback.


The most hurtful thing someone said to me after my son died was: 'Was it caused by all the medication you took when you were pregnant?' (I suffered with appendicitis when 6 weeks pregnant, and I admit I did need analgesia to cope with the excruciating pain.) Why did my friend feel the need to assign blame to the cause of my son's death? Why could she not accept that it was simply bad luck? My already disproportionate guilt was heightened by her comments and the dagger of grief in my chest had been twisted further.

I've since noticed this blame game is universal. It is not only commonly talked about for victims of crime (the rape victim who was wearing a short skirt), but also in the context of ill health (the patient with …


The effect of paramagnetic impurities on superconductors with energy-gap anisotropy is studied using the Shiba-Rusinov theory and treating the ordinary and exchange interactions equally. The Abrikosov-Gor'kov-theory results are a special case of our calculations. The transition temperature T/sub c/ and the jump in specific heat at T/sub c/ are calculated. The emphasis is to clarify the roles of the ordinary and the exchange interactions in the electron-impurity scattering. The difference between the results of the Shiba-Rusinov and Abrikosov-Gor'kov theories is brought out.


With expounding the importance and urgency of the study on seafarer's mental hygiene, the new changes of seafarer's mental environment which brought great stress to seafarers at present are analyzed in detail and the active measures that should be taken to maintain mental hygiene for seafarers are suggested in the paper.


Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological diseases and although most patients nowadays respond well to anti-epileptic drugs (AED), 30 - 40% of them still present seizures despite treatment with 2 or more AED. This illustrates the need for discovery and testing of new molecules designed for specific brain targets. Several voltage-gated Na+ channel gene mutations were shown to be associated with genetic and hereditary epilepsy. Thus, while it is noteworthy that some currently available AED act through Na+ channels, the identified mutations in Na+ channel genes strongly support the development of new Na+ channel blockers used as AED. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of epilepsy and particularly on insight gained from the identification of mutations in idiopathic epilepsy (IE). All of the IE mutations identified concern genes coding for ion channels, suggesting a possible role of these integral membrane proteins in epileptogenesis. The recent identification of mutations in genes encoding the α1, α2 and β1 subunits of the voltage-gated Na+ channel (SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN1B) and their association with febrile seizures (FS) further illustrates the contribution of these channels in epilepsy. Modes of action of AED supposed to act through the voltage-gated Na+ channels are examined in an attempt to propose alternative routes to discover new active compounds.


The present study assessed the category-specificity of sexual interest/arousal of gay men and lesbian women toward an understanding of the possible interaction of sex and sexual orientation that may exist in this phenomenon. Utilizing viewing time as a measure of sexual interest, participants (N = 99) rated the sexual appeal of sexually provocative pictures while the length of time they spent viewing each picture was unobtrusively measured. As hypothesized, same-sex oriented individuals, both men and women, demonstrated a category-specific pattern of sexual interest. That is, (1) men and women viewed preferred sex pictures significantly longer than nonpreferred sex pictures; (2) men and women rated preferred sex pictures significantly more sexually appealing than nonpreferred sex pictures; (3) the differences in viewing time and appeal ratings between preferred and nonpreferred sexual stimuli were greater for lesbian women than that demonstrated by their heterosexual counterparts; (4) the differences in viewing time between preferred and nonpreferred sexual stimuli were greater for heterosexual men than for gay men; and (5) the appeal ratings between preferred and nonpreferred sexual stimuli were comparable for gay men and their heterosexual counterparts. The results of this study suggest that self-identified gay and lesbian men and women are categoryspecific in their sexual interest. ifi ity i i tl t i t i i i tl ll li t r i t ; t i s i i i ti l ti t r f rr r f rr l ti li r r t r f r l i t t t tr t t ir t r l t r rt ; ( ) t iff r s i i i ti t r f rr r f rr s l sti li r r t r f r t r s l than for gay en; and (5) the appeal ratings bet een preferred and nonpreferred sexual sti uli were co parable for gay en and their heterosexual counterparts. The results of this study suggest that self-identified gay and lesbian en and wo en are categoryspecific in their sexual interest. This work is dedicated to my brilliant partner and many hours in the Hawkes lab. .


Through the closed cutting experiment of the medium density fiberboard and particleboard,the paper studied the rule for the influence of different rake angle,cutting thickness and cutting speed on cutting forces in the process of cutting.Following main conclusions are obtained:the main and perpendicular cutting force of the wood-based panels tend to decrease with the increase of the rake angle.Normally,when the rake angle is the same,the principal and perpendicular cutting force of the particleboard is bigger than the MDF.The cutting thickness had significant effect on the cutting forces.The principal and perpendicular cutting forces were all increased with the rise of cutting thickness.The main and perpendicular cutting forces of MDF and the perpendicular cutting force were all decreased with the rise of the cutting speed,and had a relation with the cutting speed.


I was particularly saddened to hear of the death of Joyce Wilson in May this year. She had been a teacher, an employer, a colleague and a friend to me for over 45 years. Joyce Wilson was a founding member of the Health Information Management Association of Australia (HIMAA). She undertook the six months training course for medical record personnel conducted by Sara McKinney (from the USA) in 1955. After the fi rst full time three-year course started at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, in 1956, Joyce lectured to students in medical terminology, disease classifi cation and coding using the Standard Nomenclature of Diseases and Operations (SNDO). She was a strong believer in the need to code accurately and encouraged her students to enjoy the process. As students, at the beginning we were not so sure about 'enjoying coding' but by the time we had completed the course many of us felt the same as 'Miss Wilson'. In those days she was 'Miss Wilson' and remained so to me for many years. She was highly respected by all and encouraged her students and young graduates to believe in their chosen profession. As a student I had a most enjoyable six weeks with Joyce as my supervisor at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children (RAHC) Sydney and was pleased to be offered a position as her assistant at the end of my training. I subsequently worked with her at RAHC for three years. Joyce was a member of the External Education Committee for the NSW Training School for Medical Record Librarians for many years and extremely active in the professional association. A highlight of her involvement was as a member of the organising committee of the Sixth International Congress on Medical Records held in Sydney in 1972. Joyce was in charge of the social arrangements and did a grand job organising the cocktail parties and banquet. She also hosted a number of international visitors, showing them Sydney and entertaining them before and after the Congress. Joyce remained at RAHC, her beloved 'Children's Hospital', until her retirement. From this time we met infrequently as I was still working, but we were able talk on the telephone and meet when possible, more so in recent years. Joyce was a unique individual who enjoyed life and I feel blessed to have been able to call her my friend. I would like to share with you some excerpts from her nephew's eulogy, which he presented at her funeral: I'd like to touch upon her twilight years. It was my privilege to know Joyce well in her last 15 years, when she often refl ected back on her life. My grandfather Thomas once said to Mum, 'There is not much fun in getting old, dear; nothing to look forward to, only memories.' Well, Joycie's memories were quite revealing. Here are some which come to mind. Joyce would never own up to her real age. It was only on Tuesday when Flora O'Dea, a friend for more that 60 years, discovered Joyce's true age from the death notice in the SMH [Sydney Morning Herald]. For decades, including that one year they travelled together, Joyce always told Flora that she was two years younger than Flora. She was actually eight years older! It was only when Joyce turned 95 and was feted by the hostel management with a birthday cake that she seemed to decide that she could now not only admit her real age but also brag about it! After all, as she frequently told us, no one else in the family has yet to reach such an advanced age as she! When she turned 97 almost three weeks ago, I asked her what she wanted for her birthday. 'Champagne, of course!' was her reply. She always said it was her favourite drink, that it went with everything from soup to nuts. So champagne she got. Some time ago I asked Joyce why she had never married. Her immediate answer was that she had never found anyone good enough except for one man, and he wasn't available. But she assured us that, although she may have been a Miss, she hadn't missed much. She added that she had had a good life and done what she wanted to do. Joycie said she had never wanted to have children of her own. Too much pain! She couldn't understand why women, after having had one child, would back up to have another. But she loved her nieces and nephews dearly, as well as their children, and repeatedly told us that her family was the most important thing in her life. She loved us all in her own way and lit up when we visited or called her. Joyce dressed well, was rather the grand dame, and was confi dent about taste. She did enjoy shopping, and the only place for her to shop was David Jones. Two years ago, on one of the last occasions I took her shopping for clothes, I wheeled her in to the women's section at David Jones in Chatswood. Fronting up to the nearest desk, Joyce summoned the sales clerk with the query, 'How do you get service around here?' She then proceeded to describe what sort of dress she wanted. Within minutes several staff were scurrying to fetch selections for her. Once presented with the dresses, Joyce refused to go to a dressing room. She stood up from her wheelchair, removed the clothes she was wearing, and standing rather unsteadily in her slip in the middle of David Jones, proceeded to try on the three dresses which had caught her fancy. Having made her choice, she dressed again and then demanded a senior's discount. Joyce was self-suffi cient and enjoyed her own company. She had a few select friends of long-standing and didn't seek to make new friends. She kept most people at arm's length and let only a few people get close. If she was unhappy with a situation or person, she wouldn't hesitate to let you know. She was not always the most diplomatic of people, but she was a fi rm and loyal friend to those she loved. We are all going to miss Joycie. Each of us will cherish our memories of her.


We have studied thermal and mechanical nociception in anesthetized adult rats that had received subcutaneous injections of capsaicin as neonates. This treatment appeared not to have impaired mechanonociception in any of the body regions that were examined. In contrast, thermal nociception was present in some locations and absent in others. Its total disappearance from back skin correlated with the loss of C fiber responsiveness in the dorsal cutaneous nerves (DCNs); electrical excitation of these nerves now failed to evoke the delayed component of the cutaneus trunci muscle reflex, although the early reflex response, elicited by excitation of the mechanosensitive Aδ axons, was unaffected. Heat nociception was similarly eliminated from the nonpad glabrous skin of the paws. When the stimulus was applied selectively to the pads, however, a normal foot‐withdrawal response was evoked. The probable basis of this differential heat responsiveness in the paws was revealed by the use of the Evans Blue technique in untreated animals; antidromic activation of the paw nerves to excite their C fiber population led to dye extravasation in the glabrous skin around the pads but to almost none in the pads themselves, indicating a relative absence in the pads of a nociceptive C fiber innervation. In capsaicin‐treated animals, the tail‐flick test revealed a significantly reduced responsiveness to noxious heat in the tail. These results may explain some of the anomalies among the reports of the effects of neonatal capsaicin. It appears that in strategically exposed locations exemplified by the paw pads and tail, capsaicin‐resistant axons that could be the relatively fast‐conducting Aδ ones are involved in the signalling of noxious heat. The heat‐nociceptive C fibers that seem to be solely responsible for such signalling from back skin and nonpad glabrous skin of the paws probably contribute to heat nociception in the tail but not to that in the paw pads.


What is the role of the media after a state has been through a war or a disaster that leaves all the social and political structures weak and often destroyed? Hennriette Von Klatenborn-Stachau and Shanthi Kalathil, are two consultants for the World Bank's Communication for Governance and Accountability Program (CommGAP). They spoke at a Polis meeting on the relationship between the media, the state and civil society in countries that have just experienced serious political upheaval, violent conflict or riots. Polis Intern Alex Cacciatore reports.


The progress of any health organization depends on the input of the health workers and this depends on how much they are motivated by the organization. With lack of motivation health workers work reluctantly and this affects the recovery rate of most patients. To know the motivational level and the implication of lack of motivation is important. This study was carried out from January-October, 2015. This was a mixed study (quantitative and qualitative) on health institutions in Fako Division. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire involving both open and closed questions. Data was analyzed using Epi Info version 3.1, and SPSS version 21.0. The level of statistical significance was set at a P value < 0.05 at a 95% Confidence Level. We included 185 participants of which 151 (81.6%) were female. We saw that the motivation in institutions was low as most institutions motivate once a year (42.7%) causing little or no satisfaction amongst nurses. With lack of motivation, nurses were reluctant to work and high rate of "private practice". We concluded that when institutions motivate nurses there was increased output, increased patient input into the institution and a reduced rate of malpractice among the nurses. We recommend that health institutions should motivate nurses regularly to have a desired output.


The Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity Migration, Race and Ethnic Diversity Institutional Racism and the Underclass Thesis: Minority Ethnic Groups in the Labour Market Social Exclusion and the Geography of Race and Ethnicity Ethnicity and Education Cultural Representations and Changing Ethnic Identities The Politics of Race and Citizenship Conclusion: The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain


ABSTRACT This study reports the variability of the fatigue strength of specimens manufactured by the laser powder bed fusion process with respect to their location on the build plate. Specimens from the right-hand and left-hand halves of the build plate were tested under high cycle fatigue. Comparison of the fatigue data suggests that the specimens manufactured on the right-hand half of the build plate have a higher fatigue strength than those manufactured on the left-hand half. One reason for the observed discrepancy in fatigue strength was the higher accumulation of spattered powder particles on the left-hand side as compared to the right-hand side of the build plate. These spattered particles are oxidised, and form defects such as inclusions within the specimen.


Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus… SARS was first reported in Asia in February 2003. Over the next few months, the illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a total of 8, 098 people worldwide became sick with SARS during the 2003 outbreak. In general, SARS begins with a high fever (temperature greater than 100.4°F/38.0°C). Other symptoms may include headache, an overall feeling of discomfort, and body aches. Some people also have mild respiratory symptoms at the outset. About 10 percent to 20 percent of patients have diarrhea. After 2 to 7 days, SARS patients may develop a dry cough. Most patients develop pneumonia. The main way that SARS seems to spread is by close person-to-person contact. The virus that causes SARS is thought to be transmitted most readily by respiratory droplets (droplet spread) produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Droplet spread can happen when droplets from the cough or sneeze of an infected person are propelled a short distance (generally up to 3 feet) through the air and deposited on the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or eyes of persons who are nearby. The virus also can spread when a person touches a surface or object contaminated with infectious droplets and then touches his or her mouth, nose, or eye(s). In addition, it is possible that the SARS virus might spread more broadly through the air (airborne spread) or by other ways that are not now known. © 2007 Editorial selection, Deborah Davis and Helen Siu;individual chapters, the contributors.


Ostensibly, traditional Marxist categories of social class were his touchstone but actually, his analysis of Xunwu provides material for a sociology of revolution that is authentically Chinese and vastly more complex than the usual ragbag of imported Stalinist dogmas. (However, he never theorized about such insights. For all his talk of ' rooting theory in facts', he used truth more as a guide to practical action than as an element in the formation of theory.) The key to revolution in southern Jiangxi in the early 1930s—and here too I direct the reader to Stephen Averill's masterly work—was the part played by local elites in collective violence and revolutionary action. Report from Xunwu focuses centrally on the role of education, combined with social cleavages in the landlord class, in spreading new and radical ideas among the sons and daughters of these people. For example, whereas all the five college students from small-landlord families in Xunwu were revolutionary, all twenty-five from big-landlord families were reactionary. Mao particularly valued the ' old-rich' small landlords, who tended to send their children to new-style schools and were influenced by ' new culture '. Of these people Mao said that ' daily they receive the leadership of the proletariat class'. New-rich small landlords, on the other hand, ' are serious about money, and their special trait is stinginess; getting rich is their central concern '. These new rich were responsible for most of the loansharking in Xunwu. ' They do not waste money [on tuition]; nor do they sacrifice the labor of their children by sending them to school. . . . This half-landlord-like rich peasant class is the most evil enemy in the countryside.' These and other passages in Mao's Report suggest that on his secret and possibly subconscious political agenda the hope lived that China's socially responsible elite—the old rich— in the villages and market towns would ensure a continuity of enterprise and personnel in a period of radical change. Mao's chief collaborator in his Xunwu investigations was the young Xunwu revolutionary Gu Bo, a son of the singlesurname Tangbei village, famed for its scholars. Gu's collaboration with Mao ' carried on a family tradition', notes Thompson, for his maternal grandfather had edited a local Xunwu history and gazetteer in 1899. Can we assume that the text of Report from Xunwu is authentic in every detail? Mao's editors freely admit that the articles and documents in his Selected works were revised both substantively and stylistically before publication. The original texts of these materials are available for comparison with the revised ones, but this is not the case with Report from Xunwu, written in 1930 but not published until 1982. Chapter v of the Report is known to have been edited by Mao in 1941, but Thompson believes that the other four chapters are unlikely to have been corrupted. This is because of what he calls the ' symbolism and political significance' of the text in an age of ' seeking truth from the facts' and the intense scholarly effort put into its preparation for publication. I am not so sure, for in my experience, while Chinese Communist editors rarely insert material into texts without saying so, they often quietly drop troublesome passages to save political embarrassment. Deng Xiaoping used the publication of this Report to push his new pragmatic policies and the cult of his leadership (for he was a Xunwu veteran and Mao's follower in the early 1930s). Would he have let statements stand that might have shown him up in 1982? It seems doubtful.


This work is the result of geological mapping on the scale 1:25,000 comprising an area of 220 km 2 , located in the Chapada Diamantina northwest of Morro do Chapeu town, in Bahia state. The stratigraphy of this area is represented, from bottom to top by Morro do Chapeu Formation, of the Chapada Diamantina Group (constituted by quartzites, representing 27% of the area); by Bebedouro Formation (formated by metassiltites, tills, flints, and arkosean quartzites, comprising 18% of the area); by Bambui Group (indicated by calcilutite, dololutitc, dolomite, marldolorrudites, and intraformational breccia, corresponding to 53% of the area); by Caatinga Formation (represented by monomitic breccia, sandstone, petromitic conglomerate, and limestone, representing 0,6% of the area), and unconsolidated sediments comprising 1,4% of the total area. The quartzites of the Morro do Chapeu Formation show transgressive-regressive alternations (with marine-coastal sediments), stood by presence of feldspar, possibiliting its division in two facies. The Bebedouro Formation was separated in two parts: inferior and superior members. Bambui Group, for its characteristics: color, texture, thickness of the layer, and sheets, may be divided into facies and subfacies, and it may be still made on type section to the area, since the Serra da Babilonia until extreme western part of the region.


The Internet is heading towards efficiency with the continued deployment of technologies such as Content Distribution Networks (CDN) and with the introduction of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) localization. These technologies reduce the amount of costly traffic that ISPs must send to other ISPs. While these advances will undoubtedly cause many residential ISPs to gain profit, the transit ISPs that carry traffic for them will actually lose revenue.

In this work, we identify different means by which transit ISPs can increase revenue by subverting CDN and P2P systems and thus causing traffic to flow through them on profitable paths. We evaluate how profitable such techniques are by collecting datasets from the popular BitTorrent P2P system and the world-wide Akamai CDN. We find that many ISPs are able to at least double their profitable P2P or CDN traffic, while some can increase it many more times.


Abstract An overcorrection procedure was used to modify the high rate headstriking behavior of a 10‐year‐old retarded child. While the treatment was effective in reducing the behavior, the staff ultimately abandoned the procedure because it could not be practically implemented in their applied setting. It is suggested that while technically effective treatments are available to treat such behavioral disorders, greater attention must be paid to staff response cost and implementation factors which may deem even effective treatments impractical in applied situations.


With increasing income per capita, Chinese consumers have not only increased their demand for almost every agricultural product, but also have experienced a change in consumption patterns. With a quickening pace of life, more consumers begin turning to more convenient western food products, such as pizza, fried chicken, sandwich, fruit juice and etc., to both save time and meet nutritional needs. For instance, the increase of orange juice in China is very significant and attractive to the world's largest orange juice producers such as the United States and Brazil. In order to decide the types of orange juice products that best satisfy Chinese consumers' all kinds of needs, a mall intercept survey was conducted to investigate Chinese consumer knowledge, perceptions, consumption patterns and willingness to pay (WTP) for orange juice products. The survey contains 1,454 participants and about 980 responders eligible for final statistical analysis. The results showed that most Chinese people have some limited knowledge and biased perceptions of orange juice. Although they are willing to pay more for higher quality orange juice, they may lack the ability to distinguish it from the lower quality one. ( en )


Considering suitable transformations of survey and size variables, an attempt has been made to improve upon the Horvitz-Thompson estimator through Midzuno-Sen scheme of sampling. Analytical as well as numerical studies have been undertaken in order to examine the properties of the suggested sampling methodology.


Preface Arndt Graf and Chua Beng Huat Part I: History 1. The port of Osaka: from ancient times to today Towao Sakaehara 2. Relations between Marseille and East and Southeast Asia Laurent Metzger Part II: Contemporary Developments 3. Three harbour cities: an exploration of the ports of IJmuiden (The Netherlands), Banjul (The Gambia) and Jakarta (Indonesia) Peter J.M. Nas, Timoer Reijnders, Eline Steenhuisen 4. 'Ever-changing waterfronts': urban development and transformation processes in ports and waterfront zones in Singapore, Hong Kong and Shanghai Dirk Schubert 5. The 1999 decentralization policy, local politics and local capacity of the port city of Surabaya Kacung Marijan 6. 'The future lies in the past': re-inventing the former port city of George Town, Penang Morshidi Sirat Part III: Contact Zone 7. When port cities encounter revolution: the Hong Kong and Singapore experiences Yong Mun Cheong 8. Port cities in Northern Japan and Pacific Russia: relations and exchange Miriam Rohde Part IV: Representation 9. Representation and nostalgic reinvention of Shanghai in Chinese films Yvonne Schulz Zinda 10. Marketing a city-state: Hamburg and Singapore in comparison Arndt Graf 11. Eclipse of the port: cultural industry and the next phase of economic development of Singapore Chua Beng Huat Part V: Beyond Port Cities 12. Singapore's story: a port city in search of hinterlands Tan Tai Yong


1-(2-Chlorobenzoyl)-3,6-diphenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine was prepared from 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride and 3,6-diphenyl-1,2(or 1,4)-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. This reaction yields the 1,4-dihydro derivative rather than the 1,2-dihydro derivative. The central six-member ring of the title compound exhibits a boat conformation and therefore, is not homoaromatic.


Gastritis is one of the most common digestive problems among teenagers, adults, the elderly, and children. Gastritis or more commonly called ulcer disease caused by inflammation of the gastric mucosa and can cause death. The problem that is felt is heartburn, nausea vomiting, burning sensation when experiencing late eating or when eating wrong. To overcome the wrong diet needs to get support from the family to remind. The design of this study uses qualitative research and uses the Case Study Research strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine the dietary patterns of Ny.N who have gastritis sufferers. The samples taken were 3 participants, namely the family of gastritis sufferers for 3 years. The research data was taken using interviews with the same questions every 3 participants. Then the data is analyzed by classifying the same words from the statements of each participant collected into a theme. The results of the study found 3 themes, namely, frequency of eating, portion of food, and type of food. Looking at the results of this study, it is necessary to have family social support to always remind the diet of patients who experience chronic gastritis rather than recurrence or complications of other diseases.


With the development of global economy, environmental problems have become core issues of human concerns. Human society and environment are an organic unity, and environment is the fundamental condition for human survival and the material base of social production sustainable development. The essence of solving environmental problems is to deal with the relationship between human and nature, human and human, economy development and environment protection.


The physical activity and fitness status of American youth has been a matter of public concern for most of the latter half of the 20th century. In the 1950s President Eisenhower created the first President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports with a primary mission of mounting a large-scale effort to improve physical fitness in the young people of America.


Cloud computing has enabled the integration of providers to perform tasks faster, and has allowed users to view the processing and storage resources as unlimited. Bioinformatics, which handles large volume of information produced by high-throughput sequencing machines, may use the infrastructure of cloud computing to provide tools to be used in workflows. In addition, institutions may join other institutions to form a federation of computing clouds, providing greater flexibility in the choice of service providers. In this context, the performance of the implementation of a workflow is strongly affected by the storage and retrieval of data, due to the large amount of information from genomic sequences. Thus, choosing the best cloud for these operations is critical to the efficiency of the workflow. This work aims to propose a policy for the storage of genomic data for federated cloud computing seeking, by defining some selection criteria and strategies, to reduce the time of data transfer and thus contribute to the reduction of total execution time of the workflow. A case study was carried out with real data, using BioNimbuZ platform, which is an architecture for the implementation of bioinformatics workflows in federated cloud environments. With the results obtained, it was possible to determine the weight of each storage policy criteria and perform the analysis regarding the policy originally created for the architecture. Thus, the storage policy proposal presented efficiency gains, especially in clouds with great computing power.


Abstract Arid zones are very harsh environments characterized by binding edaphic and climatic factors, their rainfall is low and irregular accentuated by high temperatures and their soils are fragile and vulnerable. In recent years, it has been noted that vegetation is regressing and that the majority of reforestation has been a failure. Our study aims to know the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of forest soils in the pinewoods of an area of the highlands of western Algeria (Naama). For this we analyzed several soil samples spread over five sampling stations in a forest of Aleppo pine. The results show that the forest soils of our study area are characterized by a generally sandy texture and an orange color for all the selected stations. They are characterized by: a very high C/N ratio that indicates a slow evolution of organic matter and a nitrogen deficiency that is necessary for carbon decomposition. The conductivity shows that the soil contains some salinity, its permeability is strong and its humidity fairly low with an alkaline pH (> 8) due to the increase in the limestone level in the area. Basal respiration is low compared to microbial biomass due to poor physico-chemical quality of soils and the effect of water stresses that slow down microbial activities. Soils in this arid forest are generally characterized by soil homogeneity sensitive to the influence of environmental factors mainly poverty into elements necessary for its proper functioning such as nitrogen and water that accentuate soil degradation of these forest formations, which results in the risk of degradation being triggered.


The invention relates to a glue applying gun, in particular to a quick-dry glue applying gun. The quick-dry glue applying gun comprises a gun body, a discharging outlet, a handle, a trigger, a hose, a valve and a lead screw, wherein the handle is arranged at the bottom end of the gun body; the discharging outlet is formed in the front end of the gun body; the hose, the valve and the lead screw are all arranged in an inner cavity of the gun body; the trigger is hinged to the bottom of the gun body; an air blower is arranged at the upper end of the gun body and connected with a gas storage bin, and the gas storage bin is filled with nitrogen gas. After the quick-dry glue applying gun applies glue, the glue can be cooled and dried quickly, so that the cost is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.


In this paper we briefly describe the research activity that we have been carrying out during the last years on dynamic logic programs. After reviewing our contributions to strengthening the semantic foundations of dynamic logic programs, we describe a simple formalism to reason about actions —based on dynamic logic programs— and its event-condition-action extension that supports the specification and the execution of reactive programs.


In a compact format, Julie Livingston tells a story of the 'miracle' of Botswana's first 50 post-colonial years. Livingston is known primarily as an historian of public health in Botswana; her Self-Devouring Growth adds to that literature but broadens her reach to the global. It is not a conventional history but rather a critical commentary written with an historian's sensibility and tools. It gleans what can be learned globally from a remarkable local story 'from which we can think about the telos of development in relation to what the pope is calling "ecological sin"' (3). Livingston explores three threads of the Botswana experience in chapters on water ('Rainmaking and Other Forgotten Things'), cattle ('In the Time of Beef') and movement ('Roads, Sand, and the Motorized Cow') that together constitute a parable with lessons about the consequences of self-devouring growth through which the 'superorganism of human beings is consuming itself' (1). Botswana compresses into a short 50 years the long-term global process. As someone who has lived in and done research on the evolution of Botswana off and on since the early 1970s, I will say Livingston's analysis of the trajectory of development there resonates with my experience and the critical literature on Botswana. After gaining independence in 1966 the Government of Botswana embraced a developmental state model, partnering with the De Beers Diamond Mining Company, which generated tremendous wealth intended to promote self-sustaining economic growth. The resulting revenue dramatically increased social welfare in the form of roads, water, schools, health clinics and jobs, and promoted rapid urbanisation. The paradox of this process is that it leads directly to a decline in social consensus and growing inequality in the distribution of incomes and goods, and is 'self-devouring', where – to put it simply if dramatically – one ecological problem leads to another in a nihilistic downward spiral. Amongst government officials, business leaders and policymakers, this has not triggered a reevaluation of the foundations and process of society in relation to the natural environment. Rather, the governing coalition views these outcomes as obstacles to be overcome and problems to be solved through the application of technology in a state/market partnership. '[I]n a developmental state where nature – now separated from humans – becomes an object with limits to overcome, domesticated, quantified through technology, endless growth is the very point' (34). Livingston starts with the long history of water and rain in the drought-prone environment of Botswana where rainmaking was the social and political process collectively managing the resource. This 'mode of instantiating collective self-agreement' (14) promoted reaching a consensus on living within the limits nature imposed. The developmental state, on the other hand, found natural limits to be a problem solvable through the drilling of boreholes in rural areas and the building of dams, allowing, for example, the construction of the capital, Gaborone, in a place with limited water. This led to dramatic growth and a rate of urbanisation in the capital that outstripped, by a factor of 10 or more, the prediction of 25,000 as the ultimate population when it was first built. The result with regard to water was self-devouring growth. The dam was raised, but


This work describes the processing of Au nanowire arrays on insulating substrate developed to contact tungsten–oxide nanorods self–organised on the mica surface. The combination of electron beam lithography in scanning electron microscope and lift–off process is shown to be effective in fabricating nanocontact finger patterns with a line width of about 270 nm and 400 nm on bare and WO3 nanorod covered mica surfaces, respectively, separated by a few micrometre distance. It is shown that at right selection of the distance between Au nanowires, the applied procedure makes possible to contact WO3 nanorods of different length and density even if the nanostructures do not form an interconnected net. It opens the way for fabrication of single–wire nanosensors grown on insulating substrates.


This result generalizes the theorem of Erdos und Suranyi, which is obtained by taking / (x) = x 2 (see [2], Problem 250). In [1 ] Jerzy Mitek gave a first generalization of this theorem, corresponding to f {x ) = x2 (s ^ 1 ). Let s = degree of f (x ) . For s = 0, the only polynomials verifying theorem's hypotheses are / (x) = 1 and / (x ) = — 1 , for which theorem's conclusion obviously holds. Let now s ^ 1. By use of Newton's interpolation on the nodes 1 , 2 , ..., s, / (x ) can be written in the form


Diagonal loading technology is widely used in array antenna beamforming because of its simple method, low computational complexity and the ability to improve the robustness of beamformer. On this basis, this paper proposes a robust adaptive beamforming
method based on automatic variable loading technology. The automatic variable loading matrix (AVLM) of the method is composed of two parts. The non-uniform loading matrix dominants when the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is small, effectively control the influence of noise disturbance without affecting the ability of array antenna to suppress interference. The variable diagonal loading matrix dominants when the input SNR is high
to improve the output performance of array antenna. Simulated results show that compared to other methods, the proposed method has better output performance for
both low and high input SNR cases.


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2017. Major: Organizational Leadership, Policy, and Development. Advisor: Melissa Anderson. 1 computer file (PDF); xii, 251 pages.


This text aims to put into play the relationship heterotopia-experience without either argumentation or narrative. It is written as a merely illustrative presentation for the text to go on building itself up, as each reading ascertains the temporariness of its writing. More than definitions or description of other spaces and possible/impossible interpretations of concepts or its concomitances, it sets to prompt forces dwelling in judgements, criteria, ideas and actions that lead to compose in the heterogeneous as Heterotopias (concept) and Heterotopias (inaugural issue).


We introduce H(δ)-sets defined by a given hereditary class, and investigate some properties and characterizations by usingH(r)-open sets. We also study relationships between H(δ)-open sets and H(θ)-open sets. AMS Subject Classification: 54A05


This study deals with estimation of milling shape accuracy and trajectory conformity for small CNC 3D milling machines, based on vibration monitoring during the regular working cycles. The author made a large number of experimental tests, acquiring the acceleration signals, both on the milling tool-holder and on the bed frame. In order to evaluate the appropriate spectral characteristics of different machine parts and their weights on equipment dynamics, it was analyzed both the complete and the partial working cycle (such as forward tool motion, with or without effective milling, with or without tool driving, exclusively the milling cutter transitory/stabilized regime) for different basic milling shapes. The acceleration signals were jointly time-frequency investigated in order to evaluate specific spectral indicators related to the real motion characteristic of milling tool. It was used short time fast Fourier transform (STFFT) and Hough transform (HT) algorithms, along with stochastic evaluation of signal parameters, within time and frequency domains. The results reveal an accurate correlation between the specific transitory dynamics of the machine and the imposed milling shape. Main implications of the results within this analysis involve the noninvasive and facile investigation for milling errors of the CNC machine, conformity of tool head trajectory, identification of potential failure source, or damaged machine part.


The utility model discloses a thermal contracting tube cutting machine which comprises a base. A supporting plate is arranged above the base; an upper rotating shaft and a lower rotating shaft are arranged on the supporting plate at an interval; a first driving device for driving the upper rotating shaft and the lower rotating shaft to rotate is connected with one ends of the upper rotating shaft and the lower rotating shaft; the upper rotating shaft rotates anticlockwise; the lower upper rotating shaft rotates clockwise; a cutter is arranged on the left sides of the upper rotating shaft and the lower rotating shaft; an elastic resetting piece is arranged below the cutter; a cam is arranged above the cutter; and a second driving device for driving the cam to rotate is connected with one end of the cam. When the cutting machine is used for cutting thermal contracting tubes, manual operation is not required, the cutting machine is convenient and safe, and as the driving devices perform uniform motion, the lengths of the cut thermal contracting tubes are same.


UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: Dr. Davis, have you looked at CSF opiate binding in placebo responders? G. C. DAVIS: No, we have not done specific placebo experiments. Our own approach is that of studying individual differences in pain sensitivity. Since the degree of placebo responsiveness is one type of individual difference, these two phenomena may be related. We certainly need to do experiments to determine whether placebo responsiveness is one component of the individual differences we are measuring. QUESTION: Would you expect persons who are placebo reactors to have higher CSF opiate bindings? DAVIS: I do not know. UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: I am curious to know about the drug history of your patients during these tests. It seems to me that it might be difficult to distinguish what is just an attentional deficit due to chlorpromazine or some other antipsychotic drug. DAVIS: That's a fair observation. All of our patients had been drugfree for at least 2 weeks, and many for more than a month. UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: Was the dose of naltrexone used in your study administered orally? DAVIS: Yes. UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: The dose seems rather high. You used between


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1% and 10% sodium bicarbonate on the Candida albicans. 5ml of solution from 1% (A) was taken and added to 100ml of Czapek Dox broth and the subcultures were made after every 24 hrs.5ml of solution from 10% (B) was taken and added to 100ml of Czapek Dox broth and subculture were made after every 24 hrs.No sodium bicarbonate was added to 100ml of Czapek Dox broth and subcultures were made after every 24 hrs. The Czapek Dox broth with inoculum (Control flask), the Czapek Dox broth with inoculum with 5ml of solution from 1% (A) and the Czapek Dox broth with inoculum with 5ml of solution from 10% (B) was incubated at 27-300C for 24hrs. After 24 hrs, 0.1ml broth from control flask was added in control plate and was spread over the PDA plate and kept for incubation for 24 hrs at 27-300C. Similarly, 0.1ml of inoculum broth from (A) and 0.1 ml of solution from (B) was added in their respective PDA plates and kept for incubation for 24 hrs at 27-300C. This method was repeated till 168 hrs. By performing the spread plate method, it was found that the growth of candida albicans was inhibited after 168 hrs (after 7 days)
Keywords: Candida albicans, Sodium bicarbonate, Saliva, PDA, Candida hiveg, Czapek Dox Broth.


Background and Aim: Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are rare anomalies. In this study, we have done percutaneous closure of CAF in children with three different devices; ventricle septal defect (VSD) occluder, patent ductus arterious (PDA) occluder and Cook coil. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients, admitted to our heart center inpatient department between September 2004 and April 2013, that had a percutaneous closure of CAF in our center, and evaluated outcomes of patients with CAF treated with cardiac catheterization. Results: A total of fi ve patients (3 females) ranged in age from7 months to 10 years with congenital CAF underwent percutaneous closure. The fistulae had origins from right coronary artery (RCA) and from left coronary artery (LCA) in 3 cases and 2 cases respectively. One RCA drained to right atrium and rest four drained to right ventricle. All 5 cases had a co ntinuous murmur. During closure, 2 fistulae closed with VSD occluder, 2 with PDA occluder & 1 with Cook coil. Percutaneous closure was successfully achieved in all the 5 patients. Follow-up studies showed that there was complete abolition without recanalization. No deaths occurred. Conclusion: Percutaneous closure of congenital CAF is very safe and effective in children with less complication and shorter hospital stay. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i4.11786 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(4) 2015 45-50


Vehicles may be classified by a number of different criteria and objectives. However, comprehensive classification is elusive, because a vehicle may fit into multiple categories, there are numerous ways of categorizing vehicles. Numerous jurisdictions establish vehicle classification according to the vehicles construction, engine, weight, type of fuel and emissions, as well as the purpose for which they are used. Vehicular acoustic signal have long been considered as unwanted traffic noise. However Vehicles of different types generate dissimilar sound patterns even in similar working conditions. Sound patterns generated by moving vehicles vary depending on their types and hint information necessary to classify the vehicles. Various sound sources include engine, rotating parts and exhaust system. Other factors influencing variation of sound are condition of the vehicle, environmental conditions, road conditions, maintenance of the vehicle and so on. Different types of noise coming from different vehicles mix in the environment and identifying a particular vehicle is a challenging one. In this work acoustic signals generated by different category of vehicles will be used to detect its presence and classify its type. Many acoustic factors can contribute to the classification accuracy of ground vehicles. Acoustic signal classification consists of extracting the features from a roadside acquired acoustic signal, and of using these features to identify classes the acoustic signal is liable to fit.


Intermediate TPAPy was synthesised by vinyl-pyridine and 4-[N,N-bis(4-iodophenyl)amino]benzaldehyde through double-pot Heck reaction, then iodooctadecane was introduced to pyridyl forming the final pyridine salt TPAPyS. The structure of final salt was characterized by H NMR, C NMR, IR and HRMS-MALDI-TOF. Its fluorescence property was examined. Pyridine salt TPAPyS emits dark red fluorescence with peaks at 654 nm in solid state. The solid-state quantum yield of TPAPyS is 3.83%. TPAPyS emits red fluorescence with peaks at 647 nm in pure water and 612~640 nm in ethanol/H2O mixture solution. The spectra of TPAPyS with or without BSA, dicysteine, cysteine were measured. The maxima fluorescence emission intensity of water-soluble pyridine salt TPAPyS is enhanced after combining with BSA, dicysteine and cysteine. Pyridine salt TPAPyS is water-soluble with fluorescence spectra in near-infrared region, and it can be used as fluorescence probe to detect BSA, DCys and Cys.


Multi-path TCP( MPTCP) and Concurrent Multipath Transfer for SCTP( CMT-SCTP) are two technologies of the concurrent multi-path transfer for NGI,w hich are hot topics. Compared w ith the traditional TCP and SCTP,the congestion control of multi-path transport protocols w ill face the problem of unfairness. This paper begins w ith an overview of the traditional TCP congestion control algorithm,and then in view of the unfairness of concurrent multi-path transfer,basing on the resource pooling method,it introduces the slow start threshold ratio factor,increase factor,per-flow aggressiveness factor,deduces three new algorithms to solve the problem of unfairness,and carryies out the contrastive analysis through simulation.


Developing software that completely satisfies the customers' expectations is the main goal of Software Development Methodology. To achieve customer satisfaction, the user requirements must be elicited carefully. There are many problems associated with requirement gathering as the customers cannot explain their expectations, also confusions may arise which may lead to misinterpretation. Therefore, there is a need to analyse their expectations into more specific customer requirements. This paper has proposed a solution in form of an approach which Integrates Extreme Programming and Quality Function Deployment to improve the requirement elicitation process that helps to prioritize the user stories and categorize the risk involved with the user stories.


Emotional musical experiences were measured via internet-based methods. Therefore, an Internet version of software for real-time measuring of self-reported emotions (EMuJoy) was tested. 83 of 107 subjects who took part in the experiment listened to music pieces and at the same time continuously rated their emotional state using mouse movements in a two-dimensional emotion space based on the dimensions arousal and valence. Results showed that a web experiment seems to be a promising approach for emotion research: most of the subjects evaluated nearly all aspects of the study in a positive way.


The objective of this study was to assess the genetic divergence available in Brassica germplasm based on Euclidean distances for the identification of genetically diverse and agronomically superior accessions from different Brassica species which may generate putative tansgressive segregates on hybridization. Based on results obtained in field experiments, designed in compact family block, for two consecutive years, wide physio-morphological divergence were obtained for all the traits under study, both within and between species (though the inter-specific variation was higher than intra-specific one). Principal component analysis, which transformed all the metric traits into single index of similarity, yielded eight eigen vector and eigen roots. Based on first five principal components (which accounted for 97.83% of the total variation), non-heirarchical Euclidean cluster analysis grouped the 36 Brassica genotypes into five well characterized groups (based on aggregate effect of si:nilarity in traits). Genotypes of each Brassica species grouped separately, depicting characteristic differences among species.


The reaction of an equivalent of 2- mercaptoethyl ammonium chloride with an equivalent of 2,6-diformyl -4methyl phenol produced monoamine which was reacted with half equivalent of 1,2-diamine ethane to produce ethylene-bis-6-(2-mercapto-ethyl-imine)-methyl -4- methyl phenol [H4L]. The ligand was reacted with metal ions[Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II)] at reflux ethanol, under nitrogen at atmosphere. The ligand and derivative 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and metal ion complexes were characterized by elemental microanalysis, IR, UV, ( 1 H, 13 C, 1 H- 1 H, 1 H- 13 C)NMR and mass spectroscopies and suggested structures and octahedral for the complexes [Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni] while complexes of [Fe, Zn, Cd, and Hg] suggested tetrahedral geometry and a distorted square planar geometry around copper complex.


at creating suspense. According to Hitchcock, the key to the most effective method of arousing suspense is to give the audience some crucial information that the characters lack. This certainly is not the only technique for creating suspense, but it is an extremely effective one. We find it in most of Hitchcock's films and in almost every movie in the suspense genre. For instance, in Rear Window (1954) Lisa (Grace Kelly) breaks into the apartment across the way in search of evidence to incriminate a suspected murderer. Hitchcock allows the audience to see the killer enter his apartment, unbeknown to Lisa, who is hunting through the bedroom. The scene is one of the most sus-


A new class of models with associative memory is proposed to study theу phenomena in large social systems. The models have a structure similar to the structure of Hopfield neural network models. Considering the intellectual properties inherent in the subjects of social processes in the proposed conception has recently significantly expanded the range of phenomena the modeling of which becomes possible. The previously proposed methods and models that can be applied to problems of archetypes, sustainable development, transformation and other similar problems are summarized. The internal variables of description of individuals are divided into two classes. The first class includes variables that change relatively


Large food retail industry. The food retail industry. Five forces analysis. Mergers & acquisitions. M&A database analysis. Tech companies are entering the offline food retail. Case studies.


An image analysis method in which particle trajectories are accumulated from video recordings of particles moving in two-phase flows is shown to be a versatile tool for studying these particle movements. As no filtering of individual frames is necessary, several frames per second may be included in the analysis and a final result may comprise particle movements in thousands of frames. The implementation of the method is relatively inexpensive and its demands for processing power are quite moderate


Fair division of indivisible resources has attracted significant attention from multi-agent systems and computational social choice. Two popular solution concepts are envy-freeness up to any item (EFX) and maximin share (MMS) fairness which are defined using agents' cardinal preferences. On one hand, accurate cardinal values are hard to express in real-life applications, and on the other hand, with cardinal values, MMS and EFX may not be easy to satisfy. In this work, we study a new setting where agents have arbitrary ordinal preferences for the items (possibly with indifferences), and an allocation is called possible EFX (p-EFX) or possible MMS (p-MMS) if there exist cardinal preferences that are consistent with the ordinal ones so that the allocation is EFX or MMS. We first design a polynomial-time algorithm to compute an allocation that is p-EFX and p-MMS under lexicographic preferences. This result also strengthens a result of Hosseini et al.(AAAI 2021) who proved the existence of EFX and MMS allocations under strict lexicographic preferences (i.e., the items do not have ties). Although it has been well justified that lexicographic preferences are natural and common, there are situations where they do not fit appropriately, especially when the items have similar types. Therefore, on top of p-EFX and p-MMS, we want the allocation to be balanced (i.e., the numbers of items allocated to the agents differ by at most one). We then design another algorithm that satisfies p-EFX, p-MMS, and balanced simultaneously.


existed between varieties. Is this variation in ascorbic acid content due to the genetic constitution of the aerial portion or to the genetic constitution of the underground portion of the potato plant? To study this question an experiment was designed in which plants were produced with aerial and underground portions of different genetic constitution. This was done by grafting scions from varieties which produce tubers with a low ascorbic acid content on rootstocks of varieties which produce tubers with a high ascorbic acid content. The reverse combination was also made. In addition, scions of each variety were grafted on their own rootstocks. Thus, it was possible to separate the effect of the genetic constitution of underground and of aerial portions of potato plants on the ascorbic acid content of the tubers. Procedure


This report is the third in a series describing the development and evaluation of a software application to facilitate communications for railroad roadway workers using a wireless handheld computer. The current prototype operated on a cell phone integrated with a personal digital assistant (PDA). The roadway worker can perform two types of communication related tasks with the application: request information about train status and territory without assistance from the dispatcher and request track authority. This study documents a field evaluation of the application to identify the safety implications of digital wireless communications on roadway worker safety and performance. It compares performance using traditional voice radio and telephone communications to the use of an application that can display this information in a visual form. The software application was faster and more effective than the voice radio communication when used to convey long messages such as filling out Form Ds. Radio communication was faster than the visually based software application for simple communications that did not tax the operator's memory.


A Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based loss differentiation algorithm for wired/wireless hybrid network is brought out,it takes both average packet loss rate(PLR) and probe packet relative one-way delay(ROD)in loss pair as loss differentiation parameters,arranges them dynamic weight values in different network environments,and then distinguishes the wireless error loss from the congestion loss according to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation principle.Unlike most of the current loss discrimination algorithms,the proposed algorithm does not take one loss differentiation parameter and simply set its threshold of one loss pattern,but takes different parameters and arrange them dynamic weight values in different network conditions,and then uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for distinction.Simulation demonstrated that the algorithm has better network adaptability.


The paper mainly discusses the generalized Jacobi matrix and its inverse eigenproblem giving some eigen pairs.Generalized Jacobi matrix can be transformed to real tridiagonal symmetric matrix by similar transformation,keeping eigenvalues unchanged and eigenvectors only for linear transformation.Then the necessary and sufficient conditions that the elements of generalized Jacobi matrix are unique can be obtained through the predecessors' theories,moreover,ai,|bi|,|ci|'s specific expressions are gained.


In general, the conventional approach for structure study in the WCSB uses aeromagnetic and gravity data for detecting the basement structures, and geophysical well log data (combined with seismic data when available) for interpreting the sedimentary cover structures. With respect to well log data, the main approach is to interpret faults from isopach and structure top contour maps. However, the conventional isopach and especially structure top contour maps are usually dominated by a regional trend, and this trend can mask local structure and faults that cause only minor offset (e.g., a few metres). Variations at such a metre-scale usually show as subtle irregularities in contour lines and, thus, are difficult to interpret. The present study has developed a refined approach to detecting faults with small offsets using formation picks data, based on one of the oldest mathematical techniques, known as trend surface analysis. It goes one step beyond the conventional approach by incorporating advanced geostatistics for modeling residuals and extracting formation top offset pattern information that could be caused by faults from modelled residual surfaces. A case study on structure mapping for the Peace River Arch region demonstrates that the refined approach is superior to the the conventional isopach and structure top contour interpretation, conventional seismic cross section and high resolution aeromagnetic approaches by a higher resolution and accuracy. The refined approach allows mining information on local subsurface structures that is hidden in the well log data, which have been accumulated through years of oil/gas exploration and geological study. Datapages/Search and Discovery Article #90211 CSPG© 2015 CSPG/CSEG/CWLS Convention 2006, What's New? Where is Our Industry Heading? Calgary, AB, Canada, May 15-18, 2006


Based on the sharable content object concept of advanced distributed learning, an ontology-based intelligent content object (ICO) that can automatically reason and be reused is proposed. Then, by extending the advanced distributed learning or sharable content object reference model (SCORM) specification, an interoperable model for the ICO is developed; it involves (a) adding an ontological model of general domain knowledge for intelligent tutoring systems to the SCORM specification and encapsulating the design details of the heterogeneous knowledge ontologies, (b) adding a hierarchical data structure for the current ontology element to the communication data model in the run-time environment of the SCORM specification, (c) extending the application program interface in the run-time environment of the SCORM specification to enable the ICO to query various knowledge ontologies in a consistent way, and (d) adding an Ontology section to the content aggregation model in the SCORM specification to ensure that the same ICO can be associated with different knowledge ontologies. The proposed model extends the SCORM-based courseware model from a multimedia-based structured courseware to the intelligent courseware based on a knowledge ontology and can significantly improve the overall intelligence of the learning system along the lines of the specification, thereby providing a reference for the future development of the SCORM specification.


Single photon detector is an essential part of quantum optics and quantum information. We demonstrate up-conversion single-photon detector for the 1550 nm telecommunications band using long-wavelength pump and multimode fiber coupling. We achieve total-system detection efficiency of around 27% with noise as low as 2800 Hz. This method decreases the noise and significantly improves the system stability. What is more, it is very suitable for the practical product of up-conversion single-photon detector.


The invention provides a method and a device for on-line withstand voltage detection of a film sintered electromagnetic wire, wherein an insulation tank is arranged at the leading-out terminal of the film sintered electromagnetic wire, the tank therein is filled with conducting liquid medium, the film sintered electromagnetic wire passes through the conducting liquid medium in the insulation tank; the conducting wire before winding and sintering is used as an earth electrode, the conducting liquid medium is switched in a high voltage so as to form voltage at the two insulation sides of the electromagnetic wire; a leakage current detecting and alarming device is led out from the conducting liquid medium and connected with a remote control system through a network interface; when the electromagnetic wire has bare wire, burrs, film damage and incomplete film sintering, leakage current is generated, and when the leakage current exceeds the alarm leakage current set by the leakage current detecting and alarming device, the leakage current detecting and alarming device alarms and stops.


"A Passage to India",a masterpiece of modern British writer E.M.Forster,is about the India under the Raj in early 20th century.Ronny and Adela,two figures in the novel,represent two moral tendencies.The former adheres to the colonialist moral system,while the latter rebels against that moral system.The two figures are respectively the representative and ender of the colonialist moral system.Through the two figures,the novel shows the main aspects of the colonialist moral system and its fate of destruction.Ronny and Adela,as a result of their moral and political differences,cannot be united in marriage.


In this paper dual-band microstrip antenna for Global Positioning System (GPS) application is designed.This design contents on two circular patch ( upper circular patch, lower circular patch) printed on a two-layer substrate of an FR4 dielectric layer, and cutting a crossed-slot in the upper patch and four I slots in the lower patch. The antenna can work at GPS Ll band (1.575GHz) and L2 band (1.227GHz). The design achieved an approximately impedance bandwidth of 15.8 MHz for L1 for two ports, while L2 band is 11.8 MHz for two ports with maximum gain of 2.54dBi and 1.177dBi in the L1 and L2 band respectively for two ports. The resulting circular polarization (with axial ratio ≤ 3 dB) has been found to meet that required for this application. The VSWR is approximately1.1  (VSWR ≤ 2) for L1 and 1.2 for L2. Results were obtained above using the software CST, which shows that this antenna can meet the demands of the signals of satellite navigation system.The antenna dimensions are (70*70 mm 2 ). The structure is compact and has a good application prospect. The results with low-profile characteristics make the antenna suitable for GPS applications. Keywords: microstrip antenna, GPS antenna, Circular polarization, dual-band antenna, Global Positioning System.


In present days, the waste management, especially municipal waste, becomes more important than before. Together with the economy development, higher numbers of products offered and bigger customer's demand, the level of waste generated by humans are getting higher as well. Non-used waste are directed to the landfills and there, have a negative impact not only on the ecological environment but also on social environment – the landfills may have a significant impact on social living conditions as well. Presented article describes how introducing the logistics aspects into municipal waste management may cause its re-use, and at the same time, has impact on landfill decreased and its negative impact on the environment. This article describes the options used in the presented Czestochowa city to manage the waste, created by households and industry.


Characterized by post-Cold War, globalization, informatization, and democratization, the international circumstances of the 21st century have witnessed a gradual shift towards the concepts of government and governance in traditional nations. The complex and multi-level interest relations among many different agents in and outside South Korea have exercised dynamic impacts on its policies for North Korea and reunification. Its support policies for North Korea, in particular, display the apparent phenomena of governance due to the diversity of the agents and diversification of issues. The problem is that governance itself doesn't guarantee the efficiency of policies and rather can manifest itself in the form of social conflicts. Thus there appears a need to identify problems by evaluating the governance of South Korea's support policies for North Korea and search for desirable mechanisms to operate the governance in future. Thus this study set out to thoroughly analyze the problems with the governance of the Roh administration's support policies for North Korea and suggest policy directions for the Lee administration to resolve those problems and forward with desirable support policies for North Korea.


The conformation of the N—H bond in the title compound, C8H5Cl4NO, is syn to the 3-chloro substituent, in contrast to the anti conformation observed in N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-(3-chlorophenyl)acetamide and 2,2,2-trichloro-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetamide. The bond parameters in the title compound are similar to those in other acetanilides. The molecules are linked into zigzag chains running along the c axis through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding.


HYSTERECTOMY -TOTAL OR SUBTOTAL? Hysterectomy is a well-established treatment of menorrhagia. There is evidence that there is a shift of clinical practice from abdominal to hysterectomy via the laparoscope. Laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) and laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) represents about 30% of hysterectomy procedures in some countries (1) with many units performing more vaginal than abdominal hysterectomies throughout the world. There seems to be a recent trend towards subtotal hysterectomy -both laparoscopic (2) and vaginal (3 ) . Subtotal hysterectomy may have the advantages of reduced operation time, complication rate, hospital stay and postoperative discomfort with more rapid recovery. A decreased risk of vaginal vault prolapse and posthysterectomy urine incontinence as well as maintained unaffected libido and orgasmic frequency seem to have swung the balance back towards subtotal hysterectomy. Preservation of the Mackenrodt and uterosacral ligaments and the Frankenhauser uterovaginal nerve plexus probably play a role in pelvic organ suspension, bladder continence control and preservation of sexual function. We, as clinicians, need to continuously critically review our current practices. Well-controlled, prospective, comparative studies are needed to assess the validity of this new trend in surgical gynaecology. Readers are directed to information derived from a comprehensive literature review comparing the risks and benefits of subtotal (supracervical) hysterectomy with those of total hysterectomy in women at low risk for cervical cancer (4).


Observers see a white triangle on the top of three black disks; the white triangle appears lighter, although it has the same luminance of the white background. Also squared or irregular "anomalous" figures can be created (Kanizsa & Gerbino, 1987). Several competing explanations have been put forward for the effect (Dumais, & Bradley, 1976; Coren, 1991; Ramachandran & Rogers-Ramachandran, 2005), which will not be discussed in this context. The lightness/brightness of a surface is a function of the luminance of the area (candles/mq); when the same intensity is spread over a larger area the luminance decreases, and "normally" also the lightness is. Phenomenal modifications of lightness have been considered mainly in situations in which surfaces are affected by contrast, when different luminance/reflectance areas are simultaneously present (Li & Gilchrist, 1999; Gilchrist & Radonjić, 2009) Lightness can also be affected by illusory modification of the magnitude of an area: a white disk, when inside a small concentric circle (a display like those originally proposed by Delboeuf), looks not only larger but also lighter than when surrounded by a larger one. Increased size and lightness appear correlated (Zanuttini, Daneyko & Zavagno, 2009). This effect is counterintuitive, as the same intensity is spread over a larger area (Zanuttini & Danejko, 2010). The same lightness effect has been observed with the Ebbinghaus figure; moreover when the central disk is grey it looks darker (Danejko, Zavagno. & Zanuttini, 2011). What will happen of the lightness of an anomalous figure, when the size of the packs is manipulated in a Delboeuf or Ebbinghaus like manner?


The author emphasizes the proper selection of cases for this operation. The perineal repair which is usually needed in these cases has not received the consideration it deserves in the selection of the type of hysterectomy in a given case.


Free from the part determined analysis of tourism economy,this article constructs the system synthetic Function Index,through setting up models and carrying out the positive analysis.It seeks for the crux of restricting China's domestic tourism economy and gives some aim-directed countermeasures.


Fifty crystalline p-nitrophenyl-ureas have been prepared by the condensation of either p-nitrobenzazide or its pyrolysis product, p-nitrophenyl isocyanate, with various types of amines in boiling toluene solution. The yields were in general very high and the derivatives were suitable for the purpose of identification.


External thermal insulation composite system based on foam polyurethane board comprises adhesive、 foam polyurethane board、rendering coat and finish coat.Foam polyurethane board is a kind of high perfor-mance thermal insulation material with the interface easy to be adhesived.This new type external thermal insu-lation system has significant energy saving effect,and a good prospect of application in the field of building energy saving in China


It is my purpose to discuss those problems in guided-missile development which, while within security regulations, will be of
interest.
"The first thing for us to understand about guided missiles is that there aren't any" is a favorite figure of speech of one of my colleagues. It is common knowledge, however, that considerable effort is being expended by numerous research teams in this country,
as well as by others, on research leading to the development of effective guided missiles. Let us, then, attempt to answer the question were launched from the mother plane at distances ranging up to 30 miles from the target.
The problem of destroying the mother plane before these bombs can be released requires fire control predictions and accuracies of an
order of magnitude almost greater than those described in the foregoing example.


A simple and reproducible method was developed for the assay of riluzole in tablets. The excipients in the commercial tablet preparation did not interfere with the assay. Various methods for analysis of the same are available but are time consuming and expensive. Here we have developed a new, precise and simple validated UV spectrophotometric method for determination of riluzole from bulk and tablet formulation. The drug obeyed the Beer's law and showed the regression line (Y=0.0458x+0.0032) and correlation coefficient 0.9999. It showed absorption maxima at 263.5 nm in methanol. The linearity was observed between 2.0 – 20μg/mL. The molar absorptivity was found to be 10814.284. The results of analysis were validated by recovery studies. The % recovery was found to be 99.2 – 100.32%. Six triplicate analyses of solutions containing six different concentrations of the examined drug were carried out. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the examined drug in coated tablet and the results demonstrated that the method is equally accurate, precise and reproducible as the official methods.


Free carrier absorption is a major component of the laser-induced breakdown of optical materials. Free carriers mediate intense absorption of incident laser light, and the resulting heat transfers to the lattice, generating more carriers, creating a catastrophic runaway process. Unfortunately, measurements at very low levels of free carriers relevant to laser breakdown are very difficult, particularly when measurements must be taken at highly elevated temperatures. This paper describes a photothermal common path interferometer (PCI) system that is enhanced by use of micromachined heaters to control local substrate temperatures. The temperature dependence of the free carrier absorption of aluminum oxide and silicon are measured. The aluminum oxide is shown to have essentially no variation in absorption with temperature up to 700K, but silicon shows an exponential increase as would be expected by the relative sizes of their bandgaps.


Disability student limit many kinds of life conditions in their education environments because they dep end on individual mental, physical, and mental abilities when they dedicate on their studies. Especially, blind people cannot read their text books and seldom use visual materials, so if they do not use the distance education system supports; for example, transforming of voice or sound systems to visual systems, the blind people are not able to get some information. Therefore, they need to have distance education system for blind people in the fast internet and developed computer programs. In fact, many blind people seldom accept some systematical information if it does not transfer from visual information to sound material systems. In order to discover and handle some problems of education systems of blind people, this study analyzes data bases and collects many cases of studies in web-sites and computer home pages. For effective results and solving the problems, this project makes distance education support of portal site for blind people. Through analyzing aspects and characteristics of supporting information system for blind people, this study focuses on developing the UI(User Interface) for helping voice system, checking web data bases, and supporting some programs for blind people are easy to have some information. Also, it is helpful to disable people to overcome so me information gaps and is able to take various contents in the interactive on-line communications.


Objective:Highlight unresolved controversies in the management of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). Summary Background Data:Recent studies have resolved some of the previous controversies including the surgical cure rate in patients with and without Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia-type1 (MEN1), the biological behavior of duodenal and pancreatic gastrinomas, role of imaging studies to localize tumor, and gastrectomy to manage acid output. Methods:Review of the literature based on computer searches in Index Medicus, Pubmed and Ovid. Results:Current controversies as identified in the literature include the role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), surgery in ZES patients with MEN1, pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure), lymph node primary gastrinoma, parietal cell vagotomy, reoperation and surgery for metastatic tumor, and the use of minimally invasive surgical techniques to localize and remove gastrinoma. Conclusions:It is hoped that future studies will focus on these issues to improve the surgical management of ZES patients.