n June 1958, the Congress of the United States created the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission. It clharge(d tllis group with the responsibility of compiling a national inventory of outdoor recreation facilities anid resources an(d of (leterminiing thie types, locations, and number of resoulrces needed by present and future generationis, particularly those of 1975 and 2000. To accomplish these tasks, the Commissioni employe(d a professionial staff, conducted a national survey Nvithl the aid of the Bureau of the Census, coIntracted or conducted over 100 additional independent research investigations and comiipile(d the most extensive bibliography ever published in the field of organized recreation. The total operation expended some three million dollars and required three and one-half years to complete. The final report of the Commission was received by the Congress in January 1962. Legislation is now being prepared to implemenit the ORRRC's recommendations. During the preliminary stages of a Nationial Recreation Survey (1960), this writer was employed by the Commission as a Consultant with the specific task of reviewing the literature for data relevant to the survey. The results of this endeavor could not be made available, however, until the Commission's final report was received by the Congress. The materials are now available as an appendix to the Commission's Report.1


We present evidence for the existence of a new kind of neutral excitation generated in superfluid helium in the presence of a ${\mathrm{Po}}^{210}$ $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle source..The flux of neutral excitations is negligibly small above 0.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and increases as the temperature is decreased. The neutral excitations travel in the liquid at low temperatures through distances greater than 1 cm without appreciable scattering or attenuation. They produce ${\mathrm{He}}_{2}^{+}$ ions and electrons at the free surface of the liquid, and positive ions and electrons at a suitably arranged metal plate immersed in the liquid. Experiments indicate that these neutral excitations are not photons. A possible model for the neutral is some kind of exciton. In addition, we also present evidence that, at temperatures below 1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, electrons within superfluid helium may emerge from the liquid into the vapor above its surface when they arrive at the liquid surface trapped in vortex rings. No such behavior is observed for positive ions.


The world's population is progressively becoming older, and age-related conditions are a major public health concern. A worrying phenomenon worldwide is increasing obesity among ageing societies, which is occurring in parallel with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in older populations. As a result of the combination of these two states, new medical conditions, such as sarcopenic obesity, have recently become a public health concern. Data from the literature indicate a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and atherosclerosis among patients with sarcopenic obesity than the risks associated with simple obesity or sarcopenia alone. The mechanisms underlying sarcopenic obesity are multifactorial. There is interplay between low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, hormonal changes, a sedentary lifestyle, eating habits, and ageing. The aim of this review is to summarize the available data regarding the definition, epidemiology, and pathways that lead to sarcopenic obesity, as well as treatment strategies.


Through laboratory test,discovered the best aging process of B95п alloy wire,which meet the standard requirements of tensile stress,shear stress and rivet performance of B95п alloy wire.


It is a theoretical basis to solve the lifetime maximization problem of designing energy-efficient routing or topology control protocols. Many approaches focus on this problem and heuristic algorithms are proposed where the energy consumed by receiving data is not considered. In this paper, we define the traffic planning and its corresponding lifetime of a sensor network, and then formulate the lifetime maximization problem. We propose two genetic coding methods and analyse their strengths and weaknesses.


The use of social media within modern political activities is a new phenomenon that reshapes election races and the way in which politicians communicate with voters. During the last presidential campaign in Brazil, the elected candidate had almost no time on TV (8 seconds) and very little party support but focused his campaign on social networks. In this context, the objective of this paper is to study the relationship between social media and the electoral performance of candidates running in the 2018 Brazilian presidential election by analyzing how candidates used their social media profiles, assessing how citizens interacted with them and identifying the correlations between a candidate's performance on social media and votes received. For this, we collected and analyzed the numbers of followers and all posts from all 13 presidential candidates in the three major social networks, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, from January–October 2018. As a result, more than 41,000 posts and 291 million interactions were analyzed, and our findings show that: (i) candidates heavily used social media throughout the year, but focused on engaging words and avoided sensitive topics; (ii) Instagram garnered a higher increase in followers and a higher rate of interactions via posts in comparison to Facebook and Twitter; (iii) there was found no correlation between the number of posts and votes received, with a very small negative correlation with posting about sensitive topics, and a strong correlation between votes and followers, and votes and engagement, mainly on Instagram; and (iv) more studies are needed to build a general prediction model using combined data from all of these networks.


The design use the Intel XScale PXA270 as CPU, integrating embedded WEB service , wireless controlling and temperature capture, implement the intelligent wireless monitor. The design impleted software design and hardware frame, especially impleted porting linux to PXA270, the porting and configing of BOA, the wireless module design of PTR5000, degree module device design of DS18B20,and web design based on java .


The influences of magnetic field on thermodynamic, mechanical and electromagnetic properties of water including the specific heat, surface tension force, soaking effect or angle of contact, refraction index and electric conductivity are studied. From these investigations we know that the magnetic fields reduce the specific heat of water, increase the soaking degree and hydrophobicity of water to materials, depress its surface tension force and increase refractive index and electric conductivity of water relative to those of pure water. We can predict that these changes are caused by the changes of microscopic structures and distribution of water molecules under the action of a magnetic field. Therefore, our studies have important significations in science and has practical value of application of magnetized water.


In the last few decades all around the globe, and so the Adriatic region is not excluded, there have been a remarkable growing problem with marine litter, specially of plastic origin. Around 80% of marine litter originates from the mainland and is usually brought to the sea by wind (eg. from the landfills), rivers, sewage discharges, waste industrial water or is deliberately thrown into the sea. It is of great importance to identify pollution hot spots and sensitive areas in order to prioritize the location of efforts to reduce marine litter. The highest litter densities on the croatian part of the Adriatic were observed in areas that are under great influence of human activities in the populated coastal areas (aquatorium around cities Split, Trogir, Dubrovnik, Pula) and around famous nautical tourist destination (Kornati islands, Brijuni, Telascica). Channel waters are loaded with greater variety of litter mostly derived from nearby mainland, while the more distant areas are mainly dominated by plastics originating from the neighboring countries. Plastic materials float and takes longer to sink to the seabed and its distribution primarily depends on the currents. Occasionaly large quantities of floating litter are discharged with Neretva river due to uncontrolled dumping yards. On the southern shores of peninsula Peljesac and islands Mljet, Korcula, Lastovo and Vis, due to geographical position and orientation towards the currents, winds and waves, the appearance of large amounts of litter is observed repeatedly, particularly massive one in 2010. In addition to the general surface cyclonic circulation in the Adriatic, occurs several cyclonic gears, of which the most prominent are those in south and central Adriatic. Both areas, especially Jabuka pit, are significant fishing area and important routes of maritime transport. Therefore, we can assume that the fishing and merchant ships are the main source of industrial waste. According to unpublished data, seabed of Jabuka and south Adratic Pit are rather polluted with marine litter.


J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 56(3):118-122, 1998 The analysis of hop acids, humulones and lupulones, with negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) is described for two different chromatographic systems. One system focuses on the complete resolution of the ad- and normal homologues implying that no optimal mass spectrometric parameters can be used, whereas the other system makes no compromise to the MS and yields a high sensitivity. The latter system is especially suitable for the fast screening of bitter acids. With this system, the detection limit with selected ion monitoring (SIM)-MS could be estimated to be 10 ng/ml for the humulones and 5 ng/ml for the lupulones. The presence of hop acids in beer was investigated and was found to be positive for humulones, whereas lupulones could not be detected. RESUMEN Es descrito el analisis de acidos de lupulo, humulonas y lupulonas, por espectrometria de masas de ionizacion electrorocio negativo, por dos sistemas cromatograficos diferentes. Un sistema se enfoca en la completa resolucion de los homologos normal y ad implicando que parametros espectrometricos de masa no optima pueden ser usados, mientras que el otro sistema no se compromete al MS y proporciona una alta sensibilidad. El ultimo sistema es especialmente c onveniente para el rapido monitoreo de acidos amargos. Con este sistema el limite de la determinacion con espectrometria de masas por medio de monitoreo de ion selective (SIM) puede ser estimado en 10 ng/ml para las humulonas y 5 ng/ml para las lupulonas. La presencia de acidos de lupulo en cerveza fue investigado y se encontro era positivo para humulonas, mientras que lupulonas no pudieron ser detectadas. Hop (Humulus lupulus) is used for its preservative and flavoring characteristics in beer. Hop or hop extracts are added during the boil of the wort. It is during this time that the virtually insoluble α-acids (humulones) are isomerized into the more soluble isoacids, the main bittering substances in beer. Although isomerized α-acids are the largest contributors, hops also contain β-acids (lupulones), which are claimed to add bitterness to beer. Most common hop acids are normal, co-, and ad-homologues (Fig 1). The analysis of the hop acids in hop is important for quality control. The difficulty of this analysis with LC is caused by the isomeric form of the ad- and normal homologues of the hop acid. For a proper chromatographic system, fairly high efficiencies are needed, as it is desirable to have baseline separation for all the compounds (9). The type of stationary phase in the chromatographic system appeared to be important. Certain types of reversed phase columns do not separate the ad- and normal homologues of the bitter acids (6). The analysis of the six major hop bitter acids using UV detection has been reported. For complete separation with micro LC, retention times


Local hybrid functionals are a class of exchange-correlation functionals that feature a real-space dependent admixture of exact (Hartree--Fock like) exchange governed by a local mixing function. Recently we reported the LH20t functional with wide chemical applicability and excellent performance for the GMTKN55 main-group energetics test suite (M.\ Haasler \emph{et al.}, \textit{J.\ Chem.\ Theory Comput.}\ \textbf{2020}, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00498). Here, we present a systematic evaluation of earlier and recent local hybrid functionals for large test sets of dipole moments and static polarizabilities, and for a smaller set of dynamic polarizabilities for heterocycles. Comparisons with coupled-cluster benchmark data show robust performance of all investigated local hybrids for dipole moments and polarizabilities. The two best local hybrids are the new LH20t and LH14t-calPBE. LH20t gives a percentage relative mean-square deviation of 5.87\% for the dipole-moment test set and of 4.30\% for static polarizabilities. This is only slightly inferior to the currently best performances among rung 4 functionals. Most notably, no large outliers are observed, in contrast to some other hyper-GGA functionals. This shows that the currently most highly parameterized (nine-parameter) LH20t clearly produces not only good energetics but also accurate electron densities and electric-field response. The influences of various aspects of local hybrids are examined, in order to aid in the further development of this class of functionals.


Sir, As we have had no further accounts of the Quassi Root, since Dr. Linnæus published the sixth volume of his Amænitates Academicæ in the year 1764, I have, according to your desire, sent you the copy of a letter on the good effects of this root, which I hope will be acceptable to the Society, as it may excite Physicians to make trials of this medicine which seems to promise to be of so much use.


The stock market is a type of trading where an investor invests their money in a company's share. In the stock market, an investor with fast and accurate decisions can make money hand over fist. But the inconsistent nature of the stock market makes the decision critical and investment risky. To sort out it, the researcher has developed an Artificial intelligence and machine learning model with the lowest error percentage to forecast the stock price. The author discusses the importance and benefits of forecasting in the share market. The main aim of this paper is to explore the various technologies used to predict the share market stocks. The report also highlights the factors why prediction is not 100% accurate and whether it is possible or not.


DIISOPROPYL fluorophosphate ("DFP") has been shown to have a marked and prolonged miotic effect in normal men and animals. 1 The miosis may be accompanied with spasm of accommodation and ciliary pain. 2 These effects have been shown to be due entirely to the inactivation of cholinesterase and not to direct action on the iris and ciliary muscle. 3 In this respect "DFP" is similar to physostigmine 4 and neostigmine, 5 but in its reaction with cholinesterase it is at least five and a half times as potent and much more persistent than physostigmine. 6 "DFP" can also overcome the effects of atropine and homatropine on the pupil and ciliary muscle. 3 Finally, "DFP" has been shown to resemble physostigmine in its influence on the intraocular tension of normal human eyes, 1h differing, however, in that its effect is much more prolonged. Occasional normal human eyes show a rise in


An investigation was conducted to determine the feasibility of computing liquid impact loads as evacuated systems are filled with liquid. The computations were performed using the FLOW-NET program, a general two-phase compressible flow circuit analysis program. Test data were generated at the NASA White Sands Test Facility as part of a Space Station propulsion module design. Analysis results were compared to test data for a number of configurations, composed of straight pipes, tees, and bends. Comparisons were made of the magnitude of the initial impact, subsequent impacts, and the time duration between impacts, or impact frequency. (Author)


We exploit the implementation of the double volume cap regulation introduced under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II in the European equity markets to investigate the impact of dark trading on liquidity and informational efficiency. We show that stocks subject to trading suspension in dark pools suffer a deterioration in liquidity compared to those that are not. The limiting of trading in dark pools also tends to reduce informational efficiency. Our results support recent theory arguing that dark pools encourage inter-venue order flow competition, underscoring the significance of dark trading for market quality. JEL classification: G10, G14, G15


Ships have long been recognized as a major vector for the introduction of non-native and harmful organisms. From 1992 to 1996 a shipping study was undertaken in Germany, focusing on the fauna transported by ships, to assess the importance of species introductions by international shipping traffic. Ballast water, tank sediment or hull fouling of 186 vessels was sampled. A total of 257 species were identified, ranging from Foraminifera to Teleostei, and 57% of the species sampled were considered to be non-native to the North Sea region, originating from elsewhere in the world including the north eastern Atlantic (west of the English Channel). Non-native species were recorded in 38% of all ballast water samples, 57% of all sediment samples and 96% of all hull samples, indicating that hull fouling is an important vector of introduction. Four species (1.6%) of unknown origin (cryptogenic species) were identified. The potential for establishment in the North Sea region of all non-native species found was classified into three categories based on the degree of similarity of climatic conditions in the North Sea and the donor region. Based on this criterion 19 of the species found in the fouling communities on ships' hulls were deemed to have a high potential for establishment in the North Sea.


"My parents went to two different C of E churches! My father was organist at a Central London Anglo-Catholic shrine church, while we children worshipped locally in Harrow with my mother. As with many, a serious teenage Christianity slid away at university. "I came back to faith through friends and housegroups at the village church where we lived 20 years ago. That renewed faith was about giving my emotions to God, not just my intellect.


The author investigates the relationship between risk management and corporate value in financial institution in this article.First,we consider that the tiptop object of a firm is value creation.Second,we introduce the famous MM-theo-ry which consider that in the perfect and integrity market,risk management of the firm is irrelevance and even will destroy the value for the cost of risk management.Finely,We analysis that in the real world,capital market is far from perfect,risk management can increase value because the exist of corporate income taxation,costs of financial distress,various types of agency costs,and information asymmetries between managers and investors.


The recently introduced hateful meme challenge demonstrates the difficulty of determining whether a meme is hateful or not. Specifically, both unimodal language models and multimodal vision-language models cannot reach the human level of performance. Motivated by the need to model the contrast between the image content and the overlayed text, we suggest applying an off-the-shelf image captioning tool in order to capture the first. We demonstrate that the incorporation of such automatic captions during fine-tuning improves the results for various unimodal and multimodal models. Moreover, in the unimodal case, continuing the pre-training of language models on augmented and original caption pairs, is highly beneficial to the classification accuracy.


This paper presents empirical evidence of the impact of the recent global financial crises on Islamic and conventional banks in three GCC countries. Our assumptions are discussed within the framework of Khan (1976), Khan and Mirakhor (2005) and Chapra (2008). A diagonal BEKK model is used to examine the impact of the global crisis on conditional beta of the selected banks. Results show that Islamic and conventional banks have been largely affected by the global crisis, except for few banks. They reveal also that small banks have been less affected than larger banks. These results are in line with the other studies which have found that Islamic banks are not more resilient than conventional ones.


NA62 experiment Straw tracker frontend board serves as a gas-tight detector cover and integrates two CARIOCA chips, a low cost FPGA (Cyclon III, Altera) and a set of 400Mbit/s links to the backend. The FPGA houses 16 pairs of sub-nanosecond resolution TDCs with derandomizers and an output link serializer. Evaluation methods, including simulations, and performance results of the system in the lab and on a detector prototype are presented.


Several notions of barelledness for locally convex spaces over non-archimedean valued fields are discussed in this paper and the relation between them is studied. We give examples showing that they are different notions in general. On the other hand, the concepts of elementary and edged set are used to prove that for a wide class of spaces of countable type the various versions of barrelled spaces considered in the paper coincide. We obtain in this way (by a different proof) the non-archimedean counterpart of a well-known result in the theory of barrelled spaces over the real or complex field,


The formal redox potentials of a class of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) molecules, bis-(4-dimethylaminophenyl) squaraine (1) and its derivatives (2-26), have been determined in methylene chloride solution


This second edition of the conifer book PINES is an amended and updated version of the first edition, which sold out in 2002. The scope and structure of the book have been maintained. It includes several taxonomic changes and presents a new chapter on phylogeny. Conservation aspects have been added. The book contains a total of 92 drawings and 103 distribution maps.


Provided is a wind turbine generator having a tower structure that can cope with increases in the size and height thereof while avoiding the restrictions of transportation limits. In a wind turbine generator in which a nacelle is installed at a top portion of a monopole type wind turbine tower, in which tower shells (2a) having circular cylindrical shapes are connected together, to generate power, the tower (2) is provided with a double-tube structure (20) at least at the bottom end of the tower.


Despite the National Science Foundation's recent clarification of the Broader Impacts Criterion used in grant evaluation, it is not clear that this criterion is being understood or applied consistently by grant writers or reviewers. In particular, there is still confusion about how to interpret the requirement for broadening the participation of under‐represented groups in science and scepticism about the value of doing so. Much of this stems from uncertainty about why the participation of under‐represented groups is desirable or beneficial in the first place. This paper distinguishes three different rationales for the importance of diversity in science and draws out the implications for the kind of diversity that is desirable, as well as how the diversity requirement of the Broader Impacts Criterion should be applied and weighed against other criteria in reviewing particular grants. I argue that there are epistemic, as well as social, benefits to diversity that can help promote scientific progress.


Paclitaxel is a microtubule stabilizing agent and a successful drug for cancer chemotherapy inducing, however, adverse effects. To reduce the effective dose of paclitaxel, we searched for drugs which could potentiate its therapeutic effect. We have screened a chemical library and selected Carba1, a carbazolone, which exerts synergistic cytotoxic effects on tumor cells grown in vitro, when co-administrated with a low dose of paclitaxel. Carba1 targets the colchicine binding-site of tubulin and is a microtubule-destabilizing agent. The Carba1-induced modulation of microtubule dynamics increases the accumulation of fluorescent paclitaxel inside microtubules, providing a mechanistic explanation of the observed synergy between Carba1 and paclitaxel. The synergistic effect of Carba1 with paclitaxel on tumor cell viability was also observed in vivo in xenografted mice. Thus, a new mechanism favoring paclitaxel accumulation in microtubules can be transposed to in vivo mouse cancer treatments, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies combining low doses of microtubule targeting agents with opposite mechanisms of action.


quality in women – Results from a four-armed randomized controlled pilot trial. Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a clinical trial investigating the effects of acupuncture (AP) and Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) on hot flushes and quality of life in postmenopausal women. Methods: 40 postmenopausal women reporting at least 20 hot flushes per week were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. They were randomly allocated to receive traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) AP, sham AP, verum CHM, or placebo CHM for 12 weeks. Follow-up assessment was conducted 12 weeks after intervention. Primary outcome measures included hot flush frequency and severity. As a secondary outcome measure the severity of menopausal symptoms was assessed using the menopause rating scale (MRS II). Results: TCM AP induced a significant decline in all outcome measures from pre- to post-treatment compared to sham AP (hot flush frequency: P = 0.016; hot flush severity: P = 0.013; MRS: P < 0.001). In the TCM AP group a larger decrease in MRS-scores persisted from pre-treatment to follow-up ( P = 0.048). No significant differences were noted between the verum and the placebo CHM group. Compared to the verum CHM group there was a significant decrease in MRS-scores ( P = 0.002) and a trend towards a stronger decrease in hot flush severity (P = 0.06) in the TCM AP group from pre- to post-treatment. Conclusions: TCM AP was found to be superior to sham AP and to verum CHM in reducing menopausal symptoms, while verum CHM showed no significant improvements when compared to placebo CHM. Our findings demonstrate a significant improvement of hot flush severity and frequency, as well as other menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women after 12 weeks of TCM AP treatment in comparison to sham AP. Moreover we measured persisting long-term effects of TCM AP on attenuation of overall, somato-vegetative and urogenital menopausal symptom severity at 12 weeks follow-up assessment. When comparing the effects of TCM AP with verum CHM, TCM AP was found to be superior to CHM in terms of significantly stronger decreases in all MRS II subscale scores, and a trend towards a stronger reduction in hot flush severity from pre- to post-treatment. No significant effects were found for verum CHM compared to placebo CHM. Interventions in all study arms were well tolerated.


It is always desirable to maintain reliable communication in adverse channel conditions, even though fewer messages are successfully recovered to ensure acceptable quality of the diversified content of multimedia traffic, such as videos, images, voice and data. An effective way to achieve these wireless communication capabilities is to employ Unequal Error Protection (UEP) and Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, topics that are actively being studied. The paper considers the design of a novel UEP scheme for MIMO systems based on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBCs) and Hierarchical 4/M QAM modulation technique. The simulation results have proven the significant improvement experienced in Signal to Noise ratio per bit (Eb/No) for the most important prioritised data. The highly prioritised queue yields a gain of about 26 dB over the less important refinement one. Additionally, we observe that increasing the diversity order of the OSTBCs further enhances the bit error performance of each traffic priority.


SUMMARY The serological and genetic variability of Plum pox virus (PPV) isolates from transgenic plum trees expressing the PPV coat protein gene and conventional plums was analyzed. PPV isolates were characterized serologically by TAS-ELISA using PPV-D and PPV-M specific monoclonal antibodies and by molecular typing across three genomic regions as well as RFLP analysis of the 3' terminus of the CP gene. PCR products spanning the (Cter)CP and (Cter)NIb-(Nter)CP regions were sequenced. Sequence information revealed no significant difference between serological and molecular features of PPV isolates from transgenic and conventional plums that were growing together in experimental orchards for 6-8 years. These results show that transgenic plums do not promote the emergence of new PPV variants under field conditions.


In traditional data fusion algorithms based on context awareness, time-varying application situations and context acquisition cost are not considered, which leads to inaccurate situation prediction and low applicability of data fusion. In this paper, a space-based context model is introduced, in which the sensors' history from three aspects, the context attribute, the context state and the situation space are described. Then optional attributes with the maximum overall utility are chosen by Dynamic Bayesian Networks. After that, the related situation prediction is obtained through data fusion. A data fusion algorithm CFACA (Context Fusion Algorithm based on Context Awareness) proposed in this paper gives a dynamic data fusion method. In the end, the simulation of this algorithm is discussed and the results show the effectiveness of the CFACA.


Penaeus monodon (tiger shrimp), Metapenaeus monoceros (brown shrimp), and Fenneropenaeus indicus (white shrimp) are the most economically important shrimp species in the waters of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. This is the first analytical study to assess three major shrimp stocks using both length-based and catch-based methods, such as length-based Bayesian biomass estimation (LBB), length-based indicator (LBI), and a catch-based method entitled JABBA (Just Another Bayesian Biomass Assessment), to explore and process the data; estimate the growth parameters, with length at first capture; present relative biomasses; and approximate the reference points. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF) analysis for the tiger, brown, and white shrimps were L∞ = 113.0 mm, 85.4 mm, and 76.4 mm, respectively, for carapace length. Our results showed that the relative biomass level (B/BMSY) of the tiger shrimp was 0.43, suggesting an overfished status, and brown and white shrimps were 0.84 and 0.96, indicating that they were fully exploited but not overfished. This study, therefore, advised an optimum carapace length limit to catch from 57.0–70.0 mm for tiger shrimp, 44.0–53.0 mm for brown shrimp, and 40.0–48.0 mm for white shrimp. The estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) reference points were as follows: optimal biomass BMSY = 3116 mt, 15,885 mt, and 2649 mt for tiger, brown, and white shrimp, respectively, and optimal harvest rate uMSY = 12%, 33%, and 8% for tiger, brown, and white shrimp, respectively. The average annual catch values for the last ten years were 265 mt, 2396 mt, and 115 mt below the estimated MSY values of 389 mt, 4899 mt, and 209 mt for tiger, brown, and white shrimp, respectively. But, brown shrimp had the estimated highest carrying capacity (31,770 mt) and intrinsic growth rate (0.66) than the tiger and white shrimp, which was replicated distinctly in the graphical representation of the Kobe plot and the surplus production plot. Hence, the brown shrimp stock is estimated to be in a better state than the tiger and white shrimp stocks.


We propose an end-to-end approach to scheduling tasks that share resources in a multiprocessor or distributed systems. In our approach, each task is mapped into a chain of subtasks, depending on its resource accesses. After each subtask is assigned a proper priority, its worst-case response time can be bounded. Consequently the worst-case response time of each task can be obtained and the schedulability of each task can be verified by comparing the worst-case response time with its relative deadline.<<ETX>>


Assessing the species diversity of an urban forest is important for understanding its structure and functions, but the result can be affected by sampling methods, times, and delimitations of the study area. In this study, we examined the influence of different ways to delimit boundaries of urban areas on the assessment of species diversity of urban forests through a case study conducted in Haikou, China. We surveyed the species diversity of the urban forest in Haikou twice using the same sampling protocol but two commonly used delimitations of the urban area. The two surveys produced significantly different estimates of species richness of the urban forest. Recorded species richness was 228 (144 woody and 84 herbaceous species) and 303 (164 woody and 139 herbaceous species) for the first and the second survey, respectively. The rarefaction analysis indicated that species richness of woody plants recorded in the two surveys could converge by doubling the sample size, but species richness of herbaceous plants was significantly different between the two surveys at the 95% confidence interval even at three times the original sample size. The value of the Simpson dissimilarity index between the two surveys was 0.417 and 0.357 for woody and herbaceous plants respectively, which implied noticeable dissimilarity of species compositions of plant assemblages in the two areas. We concluded that the assessment of biodiversity of an urban forest can be affected significantly by how the boundary of an urban area is defined. Caution should be taken when comparing species diversities of urban forests reported in different studies, especially when richness measures are used.


To evaluate the overall level of pollution in surface sediments of weir-constructed sections in the Geum River, samples were collected at nine sites four times during the period from 2015 to 2016 (a total of 36 samples). Particle size distribution, organic matter, nutrients, and heavy metals were analyzed. The surface sediments were composed mainly of sand, and the sediment types were S (sand), zS (silty sand), and sZ (sandy silt). The concentrations of IL, T-N, and T-P were lower than the values of the class IV sediment pollution evaluation level (National Institute of Environmental Research standards). The results showed that the research sites were not severely or apparently not polluted by organic matter and nutrients. The pollution assessment and ecological risk of heavy metals were evaluated using various geochemical assessment indices (Igeo, EF, mPELkQ, and PLI). Our results indicate that there was anthropogenic pollution in the study area, moderately polluted especially by Cd and Zn.


Information  necessary  for  control  and comparison  of  actual  results with  planned  is  formed  in an  administrative  account,  on  structural subdivisions and segments of organization, and also for the acceptance of different administrative decisions, planning and estimation of  alternative variants of actions. For the acceptance of different operative economic decisions managers and leaders need reliable information,both about productive and about financial position of enterprise. Exactly it served principal reason of selection of administrative account as an independent element of the system of record-keeping. The problem of formation of management accounting is to reorient of the domestic theory and practice on the new challenges facing the management of the organization in the marketplace. Another object of the national management accounting is the creation and development of new and innovative systems on practice about generating information on the production cost.


costs of procuring them were recouped, and had the wrong training for American factory organization. New England also had abundant and elastic supplies of machinemakers, shown economically by astonishingly small wage differentials between there and Old England despite low immigration. It is therefore understandable that the American textile industries could become self-supporting in innovation after the first decade of the nineteenth century. And before 1810, comparative factor-cost disadvantages in machine-made textiles explain more than obstacles of all types to diffusion, shown by the modest profits earned by Slater, the Scholfield family, and other immigrants setting up mills. The bibliography is valuable, and the many prints of early machines are a delight to the eye and useful for comparisons between British and American machines. Despite some drawbacks, the book should be consulted and read carefully by all students of diffusion of technology, regardless of their focus on industry and occupations.


Hypothesis Healthcare professionals (HCPs) have a 16-55% error rate in adherence to the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) algorithm. Poor communication has been highly correlated with noncompliance with NRP steps.1-2 Research in information-dense and high-risk fields such as aviation and air traffic control has shown that 70% of airline accidents are due to human error and 80% of errors are due to communication.3 In these disciplines, team training and effective communication are critical to decrease errors and optimize outcomes, particularly in scenarios that require synthesis of multiple data streams to mitigate potentially fatal problems. Use of stereotyped communication behaviors has been proven to decrease error rates in these fields. We hypothesize that 1) During simulated neonatal resuscitation, HCPs will commit reproducible patterns of errors when implementing the NRP algorithm and 2) Focused training in effective communication strategies will decrease the error rate. Methods In a randomized cross-over study, subjects performed as lead resuscitator in two simulated neonatal resuscitations. Two confederates were trained to use or not use a standardized resuscitation lexicon based on randomization. Subjects led one scenario in which confederates used non-standard communication and a second in which confederates used the resuscitation lexicon. Order of scenarios and communication methods were randomized. The resuscitation lexicon was patterned after communication techniques that have decreased error rates in aviation and air traffic control: standard phraseology, data prioritization, directed task distribution and closed-loop communication. An NRP instructor blinded to group assignment reviewed each videotaped resuscitation for number and types of errors committed. Primary outcome measures were calculated percent error rate, time to initiation of positive pressure ventilation, and time to initiation of chest compressions. Results A total of 13 subjects were recruited for participation in this study: five attending neonatologists, three neonatal hospitalists, three neonatal nurse practitioners, and two neonatology fellows. Seven subjects were exposed to the non-standardized communication in the first scenario. The other six subjects were exposed to the standardized resuscitation lexicon in the first scenario. Order of clinical scenarios was also evenly and randomly assigned. Statistical analysis of the data is currently underway. Average number of communication techniques used in the resuscitation lexicon group was 15.5, compared to 6.7 in the non-standard communication group. The average error rate in the non-standard communication group was 40.4%, compared to 37.2% in the resuscitation lexicon group. Average time to initiation of positive pressure ventilation (PPV) and chest compressions (CC) was decreased in the resuscitation lexicon group (30.7 sec vs. 32.4 sec, and 112.8 sec vs. 120.7 sec). Conclusion Raw data indicate the confederates performed appropriately to expose subjects to the resuscitation lexicon. There did not appear to be a significant decrease in error rate between the control group and the intervention group. Further analysis is underway to identify any underlying patterns to explain this finding. There was an approximately two-second improvement in time to initiation of PPV and eight-second improvement in time to initiation of CC. While statistical analysis is still pending, these differences could be clinically significant. This study has generated novel, objective data about the rate and types of errors made during neonatal resuscitation and the efficacy of standardized communication to decrease those errors. Focused training in communication has the potential to standardize communication throughout healthcare in much the same way it has been systematized in aviation and air traffic control. References 1. Carbine DN, Finer, NN, Knodel E, Wade R. Video Recording as a Means of Evaluating Neonatal Resuscitation Performance. Pediatrics. 2000;106(4):654-658. 2. Thomas EJ, Sexton JB, Lasky RE, Helmreich RL, Crandell DS, Tyson J. Teamwork and quality during neonatal care in the delivery room. J Perinatol. 2006;26(3):163-169. 3. Krivonos PD. Communication in Aviation Safety: Lessons Learned and Lessons Required. Presented at the 2007 Regional Seminar of the Australia and New Zealand Societies of Air Safety Investigators. June 2007. Disclosures Lou Halamek is a consultant regarding device development for Laerdal Medical.


The aim of this work is to give a characterization of the Shapley–Shubik and the Banzhaf power indices for (3,2)-simple games. We generalize to the set of (3,2)-simple games the classical axioms for power indices on simple games: transfer, anonymity, null player property and efficiency. However, these four axioms are not enough to uniquely characterize the Shapley–Shubik index for (3,2)-simple games. Thus, we introduce a new axiom to prove the uniqueness of the extension of the Shapley–Shubik power index in this context. Moreover, we provide an analogous characterization for the Banzhaf index for (3,2)-simple games, generalizing the four axioms for simple games and adding another property.


As the trend of home-delivered healthcare grows, the number of healthcare devices being utilized in the home setting also increases greatly, but the usability of all these devices has not been systematically examined. While traditional in-lab usability testing is too time-consuming to make broad assessments of a large number of home healthcare devices, retrospective evaluation techniques using subjective usability surveys may be more promising because of their time and resource efficiency. However, the equivalence of data collected with these two techniques is not well understood for medical devices. This study collected usability data for multiple healthcare devices from 74 subjects in laboratory usability testing and 395 subjects using a retrospective assessment survey. Measures of overall subjective usability (measured using the System Usability Scale) and the ISO usability metrics of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction were captured in both methods. Results show a consistency in satisfaction and overall subjective usability scores between the retrospective survey and laboratory testing, while measures of effectiveness and efficiency differed. These results suggest that retrospective surveys are capable of capturing the overall usability of a product by using the System Usability Scale metric. Such a finding should increase the confidence of researchers and practitioners who wish to use retrospective measures as a quick and economical technique in the large-scale assessment of medical devices. However, researchers should be cautious about measuring individual ISO usability metrics with retrospective surveys, as there are pronounced differences between lab-based usability testing and retrospective assessments.


As chiplet systems increase in popularity, it is important to revisit the tradeoffs for converting a monolithic design to a chiplet system. Chip yield, reusability, performance binning, and floorplanning push us toward smaller chiplets. Meanwhile, inter-chiplet interconnect and assembly overheads push us toward larger chips both in terms of power and cost. This work explores the impacts of these considerations on the minimum chiplet size that makes sense. We examine the case of a large design that could be built as a single monolithic system on chip (SoC) or as a system of chiplets and show that optimal chiplet size depends on a wide range of parameters. Our analysis indicates that the smallest chiplet sizes that are viable cost-wise depends both on technology node and on type of logic. The optimal point appears to be 50-150mm2 in 40nm and 40-80mm2 in 7nm for microprocessor type logic. For random logic, the optimal point increases beyond 200mm2 in both cases. This makes the case for chipletization weaker in all but the largest SoCs.


Changes in vegetation and snow covermay lead to feedbacks to climate through changes in surface albedo and energyfluxes between the land and atmosphere. In addition to these biogeophysical feedbacks, biogeochemical feedbacks associatedwith changes in carbon (C) storage in the vegetation and soilsmay also influence climate. Here, using a transient biogeographicmodel (ALFRESCO) and an ecosystemmodel (DOS-TEM), we quantified the biogeophysical feedbacks due to changes in vegetation and snow cover across continuous permafrost to non-permafrost ecosystems inAlaska and northwest Canada.We also computed the changes in carbon storage in this region to provide a general assessment of the direction of the biogeochemical feedback.We considered four ecoregions, or LandscapeConservations Cooperatives (LCCs; including the Arctic, North Pacific,WesternAlaska, andNorthwest Boreal).We examined the 90 year period from2010 to 2099 using one future emission scenario (A1B), under outputs from two general circulationmodels (MPI-ECHAM5 andCCCMACGCM3.1).We found that changes in snow cover duration, including both the timing of snowmelt in the spring and snow return in the fall, provided the dominant positive biogeophysical feedback to climate across all LCCs, andwas greater for the ECHAM (+3.1Wm decade regionally) compared to theCCCMA (+1.3Wm decade regionally) scenario due to an increase in loss of snow cover in the ECHAMscenario. The greatest overall negative feedback to climate from changes in vegetation coverwas due tofire in spruce forests in theNorthwest Boreal LCC andfire in shrub tundra in the Western LCC (−0.2 to−0.3Wm decade).With the larger positive feedbacks associatedwith reductions in snow cover compared to the smaller negative feedbacks associatedwith shifts in vegetation, the feedback to climate warmingwas positive (total feedback of+2.7Wm decade regionally in the ECHAMscenario compared to+0.76Wm decade regionally in the CCCMA scenario). Overall, increases inC storage in the vegetation and soils across the study regionwould act as a negative feedback to climate. By exploring these feedbacks to climate, we can reach amore integrated understanding of themanner inwhich climate changemay impact interactions between high-latitude ecosystems and the global climate system.


The study of pollen distribution was carried out for the surface sediments in nearshore waters of Hongkong-Dapeng Bay-Daya Bay. The result showed that the pollen assemblages are characterized by high percentage of pteridophyte spores, low content of arboreal pollen, and poor non-arboreal pollen, which is closely related to the littoral vegetation highly disturbed by human activities in these areas. The amount of fern spore is larger in the marine sediments close to the shoreline in Dapeng Bay and Daya Bay, which is related to grain size distribution and water currents within the bay; whereas in Hongkong, the spore content is higher by the side of the Zhujiang River Mouth, suggesting that the spores were mostly transported by the river current. In addition, the further the sample location is away from the seashore, the lower the contents of arboreal pollen and non-arboreal pollen are. Pinus is the most abundant arboreal taxon, the relative content of which gradually increases from the seashore to the deep-sea areas.


Model-Driven Development (MDD) is a term used to describe the systematic use of software abstractions (models) as primary artifacts during a Software Engineering (SE) process. However, most of the exiting MDD methods are difficult to apply, which leads to no wide use of MDD in industry. This project aims to define an agile method to deal with MDD from requirements to code. By agile, we mean three characteristics: 1) Modelers can involve end-users in the development; (2) End-users can validate small parts of the system (Sprints); (3) Code implementation is free of errors since it depends on automatic transformations. The project aims to define a method to transform strategy models into business models, a method to generate business process models from strategies, and a method to generate code from business processes. The project also aims to ensure the understandability of the models and automate the transformation process as much as possible. The project is scheduled for 3 years and started in September 2022. It is financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.


Abstract Although many once-deforested areas of the eastern United States are now revegetated, impacts of this disturbance on watershed processes may persist. In this study, lake sediment stratigraphy and magnetism were used to assess the recovery of a small watershed in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains following abrupt reduction of human impacts. Average sediment yields were found to be higher than those of less disturbed basins nearby, and lower than those reported from the early twentieth-century Piedmont Province. Temporal trends in sediment yield appear to reflect both meteorological and land-use histories. Although most of the lake sediment is magnetically similar to bottomland sources, two instances of local upland sediment input, possibly related to human activities, are evident in the record. Interpreting relationships between sediment yield and changing environmental influences is impeded by poor temporal control in the methodology as well as by the intrinsic dynamics of the fluvial system. *I thank Henry McNabb and the U.S. Forest Service at Bent Creek Experimental Forest for resources, useful discussion, historical information, and other means of facilitating this research. I am also indebted to I. L. Larsen, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, for crucial assistance with Cs-137 counting.


The election of a mall for an individual is the result of comparing the utility of the diverse alternatives. The previous literature leads us to propose a function of utility of the consumer integrated by two components: the spatial factor and the factor image. The spatial factor reflects the influence that on the behavior of the individual has the position in the geographical space of a certain alternative of buy, this is: the cost in time, money and effort that supposes acceding to the center. If the consumer had to choose among two equal centers on a perfectly uniform market, he would choose the one that was more close, nevertheless, since the most probable thing is that exist certain differential attributes that provide to a center of major attraction that to other one, it is necessary to think that, when the difference in the distance among the centers does not overcome a certain level or threshold, is converted into an irrelevant criterion of election. That is to say, before two different centers, the consumer can be prepared to support certain cost of additional displacement if it him allows to accede to better offers. The monitoring of these suppositions constitutes the aim (lens) of this work. For it we rely on the information obtained of a personal survey questionnaire constructed, directed 350 individuals who take part in the familiar decisions of buy in Aracaju's homes (Brazil).


Using Ito's theorem the author derives second-order formulae for the numerical integration of Langevin equations. The author also shows how constrained systems can be handled and hence how stochastic simulation can be applied to U(1), SU(2) and SU(3) variables.


Background: There is no existing pediatric oncology nursing curriculum written specifically for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 80% of children with cancer reside. In 2012, the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Nursing Working Group sought to address this gap with a 3-phase study. Objective: Phase 1: identify educational priorities of LMIC nurses providing oncology care. Phase 2: solicit educational strategies from expert pediatric oncology nurses. Phase 3: develop a culturally adaptable modular curriculum framework based on LMIC nurses' priorities. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of LMIC nurses were surveyed (including Africa, Latin America, Asia). Next, 2 rounds of a Delphi survey were sent to expert pediatric oncology nurses from high-income countries with experience working in LMICs. A 2-day workshop was conducted to develop the framework. Results: Low- and middle-income country nurses' survey responses indicated a similar need for specialty training (eg, chemotherapy and psychosocial support). Delphi survey participants agreed on educational strategies (eg, group discussions and peer teaching). Finally, 5 LMIC nurses committed to creating curriculum modules. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for a curriculum framework created and field tested in LMICs. The International Society of Pediatric Oncology 3-phase project was a successful strategy for initiating this ongoing process. Implications for Practice: Translating or modifying existing oncology nursing curricula from high-income countries for use in LMICs is no longer adequate. Engaging LMIC nurses who care for children and adolescents with cancer in curriculum development, recognizing local cultures, traditions, and priorities and harnessing the LMIC nurses' knowledge, experience, and resources are the logical solution for a relevant curriculum.


This survey was one of a series carried out by the Professional Development Group of the EUROQUAL BIOMED II (ter Heege, 1997). The quality of orthodontic care depends on many factors (Behrents and Keim, 1991). One factor is a well-educated workforce, which has been well trained at undergraduate and postgraduate levels (van der Linden, 1996) and which updates its skills with regular CPE throughout a practising career.Adequate levels of funding are essential to facilitate this goal, together with a sufficient number of well-qualified teachers and teaching centres at all three stages of orthodontic education. Good equipment and a sufficient number of patients with a suitable range of clinical problems must also be available. Another important factor is that both students and teachers need good access to up-to-date scientific publications, professional books and information technology which can be applied to the field of orthodontics and other related areas (Keith and Proffit, 1994). Even if all these resources are available, over or under prescriptive legal regulations can hamper education, and training at all


Unrehearsed spoken language often contains many disfluencies. If we want to correctly interpret the content of spoken language, we need to be able to detect these disfluencies and deal with them appropriately. In the work described here, we use a statistical noisy channel model to detect disfluencies in transcripts of spoken language. Like all statistical approaches, this is naturally very data-hungry; however, corpora containing transcripts of unrehearsed spoken language with disfluencies annotated are a scarce resource, which makes training difficult. We address this issue in the following ways: First, since written textual corpora are much more abundant than speech corpora, we see whether using a large text corpus to increase the data available to our language model component delivers an improvement. Second, given that most spoken language corpora are not annotated with disfluencies, we explore the use of Expectation Maximisation to mark the disfluencies in such corpora, so as to increase the data availability for our complete model. In neither case do we see an improvement in our results. We discuss these results and the possible reasons for the negative outcome.


6093 Background: Lung cancer significantly impacts on a patient's personal and professional life. Little is known about lung cancer patients' lost productivity, which in turn has an important effect on society. We undertook this descriptive study to learn about lost productivity experienced by lung cancer patients and their caregivers.

METHODS
40 consecutive patients attending outpatient lung clinics at a major cancer centre completed questionnaires assessing demographic details, patient and caregiver productivity, and quality of life (EQ5D, FACT-L).

RESULTS
52.5% of respondents were male. Median age was 67 years (range 36 -81). Median disclosed income was $20,000-$39,999; 46.2% had pursued post-secondary training. 70% were ex-smokers, 40% had NSCLC, 27% SCLC, while a third did not know their diagnosis. Treatments received included IV chemotherapy (62.5%), oral therapy (20%), radiation (55%), surgery (42.5%) and 5% no treatment. Over 25% were working full-time prior to diagnosis, 40% were retired. None were able to continue full-time employment; 20% required disability or sick leave. 8 (20%) were able to work part-time. Of those still working, a median of 14 h were missed due to illness in the preceding 3 weeks, with a median of 32 h worked in that period. Patients reported an overall moderate (5/10) impact on their productivity and a significant (6/10) impact on their daily activities attributable to their cancer. Only 8.5% of patients received paid assistance, while 76% had their spouse, relative or friend as an unpaid caregiver. In the preceding 3 weeks, caregivers who assisted patients provided a median 24h of care; 25% of caregivers missed a median 12h of work. Overall, mobility, self-care and anxiety/depression were rated as mildly affected (1/3), while daily activities and pain/discomfort were rated as moderately affected (2/3). Median overall health state rated by the respondents was 60 {scale 0(worst)-100(best)}. Quality of life overall was poor - FACT-L median score was 93.2 (range 50 to 125).

CONCLUSION
Lung cancer negatively impacts work productivity and significantly impairs activity. While many lung cancer patients are retired, there is a significant burden on caregivers, which may result in a substantial burden to society in lost productivity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


T he gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis, which undergoes an obligate flea-rodent-flea life cycle, causes bubonic plague, a rapid and highly fatal zoonotic disease that was responsible for at least three pandemics (in the 5–6th centuries, the 8–14th centuries, and the 19–21st centuries). During the mid-1940s, researchers began studying a series of Y. pestis virulence determinants to learn how this pathogen causes disease in its mammalian hosts. More recently over the past decade, researchers have renewed an interest in this pathogen's interactions with its flea vector, seeking factors that enable the bacteria to persist in these insects. This revived interest in plague-flea interactions helped lead researchers to identify two bacterial factors, called hemin storage phenotype (Hms) and Yersinia murine toxin (Ymt), that are important in maintaining the vector cycle of Y. pestis. Although much remains uncertain about these factors, ongoing efforts to identify and characterize flea survival and transmission factors eventually will illuminate fleaplague interactions that are proving nearly as complex as plague-mammalian host interactions.


In this paper,it introduced the function of EGb/nano silver sol compound antibacterial agent and nanomerter antibacterial finishing process of cashmere knit wear in detail.Then the antibacterial properties and skin irritation were in depth studied.Experiments showed that after nanometer antibacterial finishing,the cashmere knitwear have high inhibition to colibacillus,staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans with no stimulation to the skin.It will keep the slippery hand feeling and soft gloss of cashmere,at the same time meet the function requirements of safety,sanitation and health care.


The dynamics near a hyperbolic point in phase space is modelled by an inverted harmonic oscillator. We investigate the effect of the classical instability on the open quantum dynamics of the oscillator, introduced through the interaction with a thermal bath, using both the survival probability function and the rate of von Neumann entropy increase, for large times. In this parameter range we prove, using influence functional techniques, that the survival probability function decreases exponentially at a rate, K', depending not only on the measure of instability in the model but also on the strength of interaction with the environment. We also show that K' determines the rate of von Neumann entropy increase and that this result is independent of the temperature of the environment. This generalises earlier results which are valid in the limit of vanishing dissipation. The validity of inferring similar rates of survival probability decrease and entropy increase for quantum chaotic systems is also discussed.


The paper identifies 29 models that the literature suggests are appropriate for technological forecasting. These models are divided into three classes according to the timing of the point of inflexion in the innovation or substitution process. Faced with a given data set and such a choice, the issue of model selection needs to be addressed. Evidence used to aid model selection is drawn from measures of model fit and model stability. An analysis of the forecasting performance of these models using simulated data sets shows that it is easier to identify a class of possible models rather than the "best" model. This leads to the combining of model forecasts. The performance of the combined forecasts appears promising with a tendency to outperform the individual component models.


The talk to BPS London & Home Counties Branch explored ways to embed Mindfulness practices into organisational life at the University of Westminster, with the intention of enabling it to become a 'Mindful Institution'. The presentation consisted of the journey so far and included an acknowledgement of Change Management and a Living Theory approach in order to explore own reflections and to ultimately improve practice.


The cytotoxic effects on human lymphocytes of Hemolysin sample (one pure sample produced in the laboratory for this study) were assessed at four different concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 μL) using the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) bioassay. The results showed that growth was inhibited by 21.4, 32.3, 48.7, and 79.34 for each of the four concentrations of the pure sample, respectively, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the lymphocytes and analysed by electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel. Hemolysin appeared to have the ability to degrade or damage the DNA. The present study showed that both the growth inhibition and DNA damage experienced by the human lymphocytes increased linearly with increasing


A new analytical procedure is developed using a strong complexing agent, 1,10‐phenanthroline (Phen), for direct UV detection of Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, Cd, and Fe at νg/L concentrations in environmental water samples. The metal chelates formed showed different electrophoretic mobilities and solved the comigration problem for capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation of free metal ions. To obtain stable metal‐Phen chelates during the capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) run, both pre‐column and on‐column complexation are required and threefold excess of Phen over metal ions should be added to the sample. The optimized background electrolyte (BGE) consists of 30 mM hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 0.1% methanol at pH 3.6. Under hydrodynamic sampling, CE run at + 20 kV in 65 cm×0.05 mm ID fused‐silica column with detection at 265 nm, baseline separation, satisfactory working ranges (10 νg/L to 5.5 mg/L), sensitive detection limits (1–3 νg/L), good repeatability for migration times (relative standard deviation, RSD 0.36–0.81%, n = 5), peak area (RSD 3.2–4.2%, n = 5) and peak height (RSD 3.2–4.5%, n = 5) were obtained for the metal cations investigated. The reliability of the method was established by parallel determination using the inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) method giving results within statistical variation. The procedure developed is shown to provide a quick, sensitive, precise, and economic method for simultaneous determination of metal cations that can form stable chelates with Phen.


Under the action of a prestressing force,the camber deformation of a PC simply supported girder develops slowly due to concrete creep effect.Creep effect analysis is a necessity for the design and construction of a simply supported girder.Any inaccurate preestimation of the concrete creep effect will lead to an unevenness of the elevation linetype of the girder,which will seriously impact traffic safety and passenger comfort.It even leads to such a paranormal camber deformation that the girder becomes unuseful at all.This effect is graver for high-speed railways.Enough attention should be paid to it.In this paper,we used a PC box girder casted-in-site on a double-track railway line to calculate the deformation of the girder under loading action of prestressing tension,girder erection and ballast covering.We adopted the program of MIDAS/Civil and other methods to calculate the creep coefficient and then compared the calculated result with the measured one.Comparison indicates that the calculated value is well matched with the measured value.


Objective:Purpose To observe the clinical result of misoprostol used for the prevention of bleeding after extrapertonseatsesarean.Method:82 cases who are likely to bleed after the postnatal period are equally divided at statistic random into two groups of 41: the experiment group and the contrast group, the former who keeps 200 μg misoprostal in mouth when the embroyo is given birth and the aminiotic fluid is absorbed from the temple, the medicine slice glues with physiology brine wet apt to fuse theabsoption. The latter is not specially disposed and then we can observe thebleeding deal difference of the two groups during and after the operation.Results:the two groups haverio distinct bleeding deal difference during the operation,but two hours after the operation, the average bleeding deal is distinct (P0. 05). The experiment group is 149 ml, and the contrast group is 190 ml, 24 hours after the birth, the bleeding deal of experiment value averages 390 ml, and the contrast group averages 430 ml, the difference being great(P0. 05). Conclusion:Misoprostol has the obvious function of promoting the womb constraction and reduces bleeding after the extrapertonsealsesarean. It is a kind of simple, safe and effective method to prevent bleeding after extrapertonsealsesarean.


Near Breda, the Netherlands, Grontmij has planned commercial development on top of the former waste disposal site 'Bavelse Berg' (figure 1). Since construction on a waste disposal site is relatively new, parties involved adopted a risk management approach for the feasibility study of the project. The urge was felt to resolve the lack of data for a number of geotechnical mechanisms. Pilot testing for the determination of settlement parameters has been performed. A worst case approach in stability analysis gave satisfying answers for construction on gentle slopes. This article starts with a short description of the history of landfilling and planned commercial development at the site. Next, it elaborates successively on the risk management approach, and characterization of the waste material. The aspect of foundation design and various stability issues of constructing buildings on the slopes of the landfill are also addressed.


Using conjugate-permutable subgroups in a complete set of Sylow subgroups of a group,some equivalent and sufficient conditions for a group to be nilpotent or supersolvable are obtained,those groups whose cyclic subgroups with composite number order are all conjugate-permutable or whose non-conjugate-permutable subgroups are all conjugated.


Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is extensively utilized in numerous applications such as outer space communication, biological disinfection, memory storage, optoelectronic circuits, and biological analysis [1]. Excessive exposure to UV irradiation is deleterious and causes adverse health effects, for instance, premature aging and skin cancer. A rapid and highly sensitive device for the detection of UV is in great demand in various applications. Recently, planar microwave resonator sensors have demonstrated attractive and robust performance providing high sensitivity, real-time response, and low-cost fabrication process [2]. The planar microwave resonators can easily be integrated with nanostructured materials to make them sensitive to UV radiation via absorption and subsequent charge generation [3]. Among various wide bandgap metal oxides such as TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, one-dimensional TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) are favorable in UV photodetectors as they possess, except intrinsic TiO2 properties high active surface area and their unique hollow geometry enables increased charge trapping and, a direct pathway for rapid transport of photogenerated carriers [4-6]. Therefore, the use of high aspect ratio (HAR) TNTs might offers superior sensing performance in the UV region.
 In this presentation, the impact of TNT thicknesses on the UV sensitivity of the planar microwave resonator's response will be investigated. We will demonstrate the use of a high frequency microwave resonator integrated with different thicknesses (50, 80, 100 µm) of TNT membranes. The presented work will aid in selecting an optimized thickness of TNT membranes with a large active surface-to-volume ratio to provide the highest sensitivity to UV irradiation. We expect this investigation to act as basis for expanding the use of HAR TNTs to effectively develop low-cost, easy to use and robust microwave UV sensors in a wide range of applications. Experimental details and recent results will be presented and discussed.


In this paper, we analyze the performance of cooperative communication system for independent and flat Nakagami-m fading channel parameters by using amplify and forward cooperative protocol. We have estimated the outage probability, channel capacity and ergodic capacity of the system. We further simulate the equations of these parameters by plotting them for verification.


We study nanostructured films made of helical nanowires and nanosprings, which provide remarkable mechanical behavior. When subjected to wetting and drying processes, these films crack like most coatings. However, beyond the great ability of these films to shrink, the cracks partially close when these films are no longer mechanically stressed. While for conventional coatings about [Formula: see text] of the crack opening is relieved, more than [Formula: see text] of the crack opening is relieved in films of nanosprings when the film is unloaded. We show here that this quasi-reversibility is related to (i) the high compliance of the material, (ii) the low energy consumed by plasticity, and (iii) the high deformability of the film components, e.g., the nanosprings. These results are compared to the case of usual particulate films.


This article refers to 'Contrasting acute and chronic effects of tolvaptan on serum osmolality in the EVEREST trial'†, by M. Vaduganathan et al., published in this issue on page 183–189. Being the most abundant molecule on earth, water is vital for all known forms of life. Water homeostasis in the human body is meticulously regulated, with plasma osmolality residing in a tight range at 285–295 mOsm/L under normal circumstances. This is important as even minute variations in plasma osmolality place the cellular compartment under stress: hypotonicity causes cell swelling; cell shrinking is observed in the case of hypertonicity. Arginine vasopressin (AVP), or antidiuretic hormone, is therefore released from a threshold of ∼280 mOsm/L, with levels rising steeply when plasma osmolality increases (Figure 1).1 Through V2 receptor stimulation, AVP promotes both the synthesis and availability of aquaporin-2 channels in the collecting ducts of the nephron, which is the major driver for water reabsorption in the kidneys.2 Hence, AVP decreases free water excretion, bringing plasma osmolality back to normal levels. In heart failure, increased osmotic AVP release as well as non-osmotic stimuli may contribute to elevated AVP levels.3,4 Indeed, compared with healthy volunteers, patients with heart failure demonstrate a more pronounced rise in plasma AVP when given the same osmotic load.5 In addition, it is well known that baroreceptor activity and angiotensin II, both up-regulated in heart failure, increase AVP release irrespective of plasma osmolality values.2 Yet, surprisingly little is known about the actual relationship between AVP levels, plasma osmolality, and decongestive therapy in heart failure, especially in the current treatment era with neurohumoral blockers. The post-hoc analysis from the Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study with Tolvaptan (EVEREST) trial reported by Vaduganathan et al. in this issue of the journal therefore presents a welcome addition to the literature.6 In the EVEREST trial, patients presenting with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and clear signs of volume overload were randomised to tolvaptan, a selective V2 receptor antagonist producing increased free water excretion (i.e. aquaresis), or matching placebo.7 The overall results of the trial showed a significantly greater reduction in body weight with tolvaptan, as well as


Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a true medical emergency. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by the appearance of sudden marked impairment of liver cell function with hepatic encephalopathy, resulting from acute necrosis or dysfunction of a large portion of liver parenchyma. It is uncommon, but not rare. An estimated 2000 to 2500 deaths per year in the United States are due to FHF. Even with supportive medical care, the mortality rate ranges from 50% to 90%, primarily because of associated cerebral edema, sepsis, and multiorgan failure[1,2,3].


Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transthoracic Tru cut needle biopsy on mediastinal and pulmonary mass guided by B mode ultrasonography. Method: Percutaneous transthoracic Tru cut needle biopsy was guided by B mode ultrasonography. Results: Appropriate specimens were obtained in 97 out of 98(98.99%).A diagnosis of malignant tumor was established in 90 cases(92.78%).There were no severe complications. Conclusion: B mode ultrasonography guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy gives a satisfactory diagnostic efficacy on mediastinal and pulmonary mass. It is worth to be further studied.


Objective To find out the impact of different surveillance models on the quality of injury surveillance and to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of injury surveillance based in emergency departments and based on the basic data for evaluating the quality and advancing its method.Methods On the premise of the same surveillance,process and method,the injury reports the two trained groups(part-time and full-time)filled out within one month from July 28th to August 27th in 2007 were collected.They were processed in the computer,examined,and finally compared.Results The omitted rate of PTSIS was 31.44%,higher than that of FTSIS,especially during the latter part of night when it was easier for the two models to be omitted.There was a difference in error in the report-filling:Part-time group was often found to have omitted "telephone number","the cause of injury" and "intent",while the full-time group more readily left out "injury severity","patient disposition",and "responder".The part-time group did a better job on "the mechanism of injury" and "disposition",and the integrity of their report-filling was greater than that of the full-time group by 12.84%.Conclusions The omitted rate of PTSIS is higher than that of FTSIS,while the quality of the report from PTSIS is better than that of FTSIS.Therefore in the condition of the limited resources,part-time groups' active participation in the injury surveillance should be encouraged.The full-time groups are expected to be trained for it if resources permit.


The objective of Meglio Muoversi [Better Moving] is the pursuing of the sustainable mobility in its variations of social, economic and environmental sustainability, through the realization of a process of planning, integrated management and monitoring, of advanced mobility services, aimed at thickening tangible and intangible networks of connection (accessibility), changing the travel behaviours of users to discourage the use of private cars and foster the integration between various modes of transport (safety and environmental impacts, efficiency and efficacy). Two services of advanced mobility flexible in space and time have been activated: Chiamabus and C'Entro. Chiamabus is a service on demand, C'Entro is a Car-sharing service and provides for the promotion of the Car-pooling. DOI: http://dx.medra.org/10.19254/LaborEst.12.11


The phenomenological description of the information technologies in the world of life is the subject of this paper. In 1, the philosophic precomprehension is caracterized with regard to this theme. In 2, the operation of the natural posture' is introduced with regard to subject. In 3, the critical dimensions are indicated, to reference to sense, that produces the reflexive attitudee in the discussed subject.


Transit service reliability is an important determinant of service quality, which has been mainly studied from the perspective of passengers waiting at stops. Day-to-day variability of travel time also deteriorates service reliability, but is not a well-researched area in the literature partly due to the lack of comprehensive data sets on bus travel times. While this problem is now being addressed through the uptake of global positioning system (GPS)-based tracking systems, methodologies to analyze these data sets are limited. This paper addresses this issue by investigating day-to-day variability in public transport travel time using a GPS data set for a bus route in Melbourne, Australia. It explores the nature and shape of travel time distributions for different departure time windows at different times of the day. Factors causing travel time variability of public transport are also explored using a linear regression analysis. The results show that in narrower departure time windows, travel time distributions are best characterized by normal distributions. For wider departure time windows, peak-hour travel times follow normal distributions, while off-peak travel times follow lognormal distributions. The factors contributing to the variability of travel times are found to be land use, route length, number of traffic signals, number of bus stops, and departure delay relative to the scheduled departure time. Travel time variability is higher in the AM peak and lower in the off-peak. The impact of rainfall on travel time variability is only found significant in the AM peak. While the paper presents new methods for analyzing GPS-based data, there is much scope for expanding knowledge through wider applications to new data sets and using a wider range of explanatory variables.


The new edition of the catalogue of district heating industry terms »Begriffsbestimmungen zur Fernwarmewirtschaft« [1] recently published by VDEW incited the authors to focus on the newly integrated chapter 8 concerning variables of energy input savings in CHP compared with separate electricity and heat supplies. This chapter has clearly been conceived for non-experts; the origins and definitions of a number of missing terms were omitted deliberately, making the chapter easier to understand for readers dealing with the subject for the first time. The terms listed in [1] are intended to help readers find a first approach to this subject concerning variables used in the comparison between combined and separate generation of electricity and heat. Experts dealing with this chapter extensively and planning to use these terms for further analysis will come across a number of questions that remain open. One could, for instance, be led to add the energy input saving for electricity to the energy input saving for heat - based on the residual electricity or the residual heat value method, respectively - in order to determine the energy input savings of the overall system. This is, however, not permitted. In this paper, the authors intend to structure the pattern of the terms, thereby making the interrelationship between the variables used in defining energy input savings more transparent. However, the authors do not intend to provide help in defining system limits enabling a comparison between two systems. This remains to be done by the individual user of the terms. Admittedly, it is not necessarily easy to understand the systematic struc-ture. Nevertheless, we find it useful to define the terms by consistently following a logical pattern so that the terms are defined correctly and unambiguously according to our view. We believe that this has the advantage of developing variables which are clear and unambiguous in their meanings and interrelationships.


Introduction: The Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a live attenuatedMycobacteriumbovis vaccine, is administered to all the newborns in Tunisia in order to prevent Tuberculosis (TB). Complications of this vaccine are uncommon. However, it poses a risk for children with unknown immunodeficiency. Case Presentation: We report on disseminated BCG disease in two infants, respectively, with severe combined immunodeficiency and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Evolution was fatal for both, despite adequate anti-tuberculosis treatment. Conclusions: Molecular methods are available to respond to the urgent need for rapid and specific diagnosis of local/regional or systemic BCG disease, using available commercial kits GenoType® MTBC and GenoType® MTBDRplus. These tests allow prevention of inoculation of live vaccines such as BCG among the next siblings until appropriate screening tests exclude primary or secondary immunodeficiency syndromes.


It is a well-known issue that the polling I/O, such as select() and poll(), has a poor scalability. As a solution of the problem, we previously proposed the interval control technique of the polling I/O, which eases excessively frequent invocations of the polling I/O [1]. Although the benchmark tests proved that the technique effectively reduced the service latency, it still has a problem of high processor usage when the number of concurrent sockets grows large. This problem is caused by unexpected context switches, which degrade the efficacy of the interval control. In this paper, we propose the interval control technique with POSIX real-time scheduling that prevents such unexpected interruptions. Because programs under real-time scheduling are difficult to develop and they often cause a systemwide freeze, simple application of real-time scheduling to the interval control mechanism is considered.


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine what factors affect the exit of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from tendering for public works in the Japanese construction industry using the Keiei Jikou Sinsa or Keisin (the database for evaluation of construction companies in Japan). Design/methodology/approach – This study empirically analyzes SMEs' exit using the binary logit model. For the empirical analysis, it uses the scores as well as financial and non-financial performance indicators of Keisin data. Findings – The Keisin scores (the total score and W score), financial performance indicators (cash flow from operations and capital) and non-financial performance indicators (having unemployment insurance and operating years) significantly affect SME exits. Although the Keisin data are used for bid entry qualifications of public works, they can be applied to a factor analysis of the exit of SMEs in the construction industry. Originality/value – As there exists little empirical analysis of ...


About 30% to 40% of adults claim to have frequent indigestion, and over 50 million visits are made annually to ambulatory care facilities for symptoms related to the digestive system. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is present in patients with symptoms of chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits but no identifiable organic etiology. IBS has a prevalence of 1% to 20% worldwide, although up to 75% affected individuals never seek care. Diagnosing IBS can be challenging due to the nonspecific nature of symptoms, overlapping upper and lower abdominal symptoms, and the frequent presence of somatic and psychological   comorbidities. Up to 80% of IBS patients identify food as a possible trigger for their   symptoms, so they increasingly ask for dietary and behavioral counseling. Moderate-severe IBS is estimated to account for around 60% of all IBS cases and has been shown to impose a considerable burden on patients. It is estimated that IBS-C accounts for around 30% of IBS cases. The economic burden of IBS in the US is estimated at $28 billion annually, a portion of these costs may be related to unnecessary and high-frequency tests, although few studies have assessed the factors underlying frequent tests and procedures among patients with IBS. 32% of IBS-C patients suffer depression as their condition almost every day in the previous month. Sexual dysfunction is positively associated with perceived GI symptom severity and HRQoL.


Currently, ultrasonic testing (UT) is widely used in concrete for identifying the sub-surface or surface flaws. However, most the UT can only provide the qualitive evaluation of the flaws. Tomography technology is capable to visualize the damage and provide its positioning information in concrete by reconstructing the ultrasound. For example, the slurry leakage state in the grouting sleeve, and the location of the inclusion in the concrete pile foundation can be displayed by ultrasonic tomography. However, concrete material is highly heterogenous due to its complex components (aggregate, mortar, internal void). All those complexities can cause significant impact on the tomographic results. Especially for the aggregate, sometimes its dimension is very closed to the testing objects. It greatly affects the recognition and location of defects by ultrasonic testing. Therefore, this research proposed to reveal the influence of aggregate, defect size and the effect of type, tomographic pixels on tomographic images in concrete. An optimum transducer arrangement and tomography algorithms in terms of ray-trace method was proposed to achieve the high accurate and resolution of tomography. Finally, the comparison of tomographic images between the imaged location and the embedded location is evaluated and then tomographic states is assessed accordingly.


It is necessary to implementation of system contain intelligent decision making algorithm because discriminant and prediction system for Red Tide is insufficient development and the study of red tide are focused for the investigation of chemical and biological causing. In this paper, we designed inference system using case based reasoning method and implemented knowledge base that case for Red Tide. We used K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm for recommend best similar case and input 375 EA by case for Red Tide case base. As a result, conducted 10-fold cross verification for minimal impact from learning data and acquired confidence, we obtained about 84.2% average accuracy for Red Tide case and the best performance results in case by number of similarity classification k is 5. And, we implemented Red Tide monitoring system using inference result.


The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 made universities switch rapidly to e-learning, which enabled continuous access to education. Thus, the evaluation of e-learning engagement is essential to ensure students are engaged in their studies just as it is in the conventional face-to-face classroom. The students are totally in control of their participation in the e-learning platform, and little is known about what instructors can do to facilitate their engagement in the platform during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, the extant literature has reported that one of the challenges posed by e-learning is that many university students engage in off-task behaviors during lectures. Therefore, a systematic model for assessing university students' e-learning engagement, learning persistence, and academic benefits was developed based on a thorough literature review. Data was collected from 274 students using e-learning platforms, and this study adopted the quantitative method of Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling to validate the model empirically. A total of nine first-order constructs were used to measure e-learning engagement. They all explained 75% of the variance of e-learning engagement, while 42% and 66% explained the variance of learning persistence and academic benefits, respectively. All the hypotheses tested were positive, except for the relationship between learning persistence and academic benefits. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Interactive Learning Environments is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)


We consider the quantum symmetric pair ( U q ( su ( 3 )), B ) where B is a right coideal subalgebra. We prove that all finite-dimensional irreducible representations of B are weight representations and are characterised by their highest weight and dimension. We show that the restriction of a finite-dimensional irreducible representation of U q ( su ( 3 )) to B decomposes multiplicity free into irreducible representations of B . Furthermore we give explicit expressions for the highest weight vectors in this decomposition in terms of dual q -Krawtchouk polynomials.


There are five new projects from the Universities taken up that would lead towards PhD degree. Two projects from WBUT, Kolkata is aimed at the study of a few naturally occurring microbes where metal accumulation takes place inside, to repair DNA DSB induced on its genome following ionizing radiation. Both the users utilized beam time by taking 85 MeV 12C beam for irradiating the bacteria. The DSB induction and its repair was studied by the research scholars using the Asymmetric Field Inversion Gel Electrophoresis system at the Radiation Biology laboratory of IUAC.


Fault characteristic frequency components of rolling bearing vibration signals were extracted by the method of combining an improved wavelet decomposition and reconstruction algorithm and envelope analysis. The improved wavelet decomposition and reconstruction approach avoids the defects of Mallat algorithm's confusion in frequencies. Extracting the rolling bearing fault characteristic frequencies are more accurate. Analysis of normal rolling bearing and inner ring and the outer ring failure rolling bearing vibration signals indicate that the method can effectively diagnose the fault of rolling bearings. Furthermore,using this method succeeded in diagnosing the faults of aero-engine main bearings.


Abstract : The approximate theory of radar reflection from thin wires by Van Vleck, et. al., gives very good average radar cross section (RCS) results and good angular RCS results except end-on. In the paper, the nature of this end-on discrepancy is examined. It is found that, if the complete expressions derived by Van Vleck, et. al., are used without the approximations made to simplify calculation of the average RCS over all angles of incidence, then very accurate RCS results are predicted for nearly all angles of incidence and for all the wire length-to-wavelength ratios between 0.45 and 50. Comparisons with the numerical results of a source distribution technique (SDT) computer program and with the results due to Ufimtsev are shown.


Background The purpose of this research was review the epidemiology of the association of obesity and urinary incontinence, and to summarize the published data on the effect of weight loss on urinary incontinence. Methods A literature review of the association between urinary incontinence and overweight/obesity in women was performed. Case series and clinical trials reporting the effect of surgical, behavioral, and/or pharmacological weight loss on urinary incontinence are summarized. Results Epidemiological studies demonstrate that obesity is a strong and independent risk factor for prevalent and incident urinary incontinence. There is a clear dose-response effect of weight on urinary incontinence, with each 5-unit increase in body mass index associated with a 20%–70% increase in risk of urinary incontinence. The maximum effect of weight on urinary incontinence has an odds ratio of 4–5. The odds of incident urinary incontinence over 5–10 years increase by approximately 30%–60% for each 5-unit increase in body mass index. There appears to be a stronger association between increasing weight and prevalent and incident stress incontinence (including mixed incontinence) than for urge incontinence. Weight loss studies indicate that both surgical and nonsurgical weight loss leads to significant improvements in prevalence, frequency, and/or symptoms of urinary incontinence. Conclusion Epidemiological studies document overweight and obesity as important risk factors for urinary incontinence. Weight loss by both surgical and more conservative approaches is effective in reducing urinary incontinence symptoms and should be strongly considered as a first line treatment for overweight and obese women with urinary incontinence.


Data used in the paper which were collected by field investigation,monitoring and relative references in the ecological tourism district of Suxianling.Based on these data,the natural and social status of the district were assessed with the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method.The results showed that the comprehensive value of Suxianling Mountain was 4.7006,which showed its ecological environment overall quality in good condition.And showed that the little pressure on the natural ecological environment coursed by ecological tourist amount and its response mechanism in the district was in higher level,which provided development space for ecological tourism.But the results also reflected that both economic and social status was not very well,which were the main problems to solve for the further development of ecological tourism.The evaluation results provided decision-making basis for exploring the eco-tourism development model in ecological tourism district of Sanbaishan Mountain.


In February of this year, I was fortunate to attend Bodies in/and Asian Theatres, a regional conference of the International Federation for Theatre Research (IFTR, the scholarly organization with which this journal is affiliated). It was held at the University of the Philippines Diliman under the aegis of the IFTR Asian Theatre working group. Toward the end of a plenary panel on contemporary South East Asian dance on the final day, a debate arose over the work of one of the speakers, Eisa Jocson. A dancer and choreographer, Jocson's work explores the aesthetics of local and transnational performative labour, and is often based on forms she learns from Filipinos working in the entertainment industry. For example, Macho Dancer (2013) is based on a distinctive style of erotic male nightclub performance, Host (2015) on the work of Filipinas in Japanese hostess clubs, and the HAPPYLAND series (2017) on the high number of Filipinos employed at the Hong Kong Disneyland. In response to her presentation on these and other works, some scholars from the Philippines asked Jocson, who mainly performs in Manila and on the international contemporary performance circuit, why she did not tour nationally. After all, they reasoned, since Jocson's performances are inspired by the work of entertainers who often come from regional cities and rural areas, is it not right to present the work 'back' to such a workforce and their communities? Such questions are, of course, complex and loaded. In so far as Jocson's performances address the exploitation of Filipino entertainers' affective labour, is there any risk that Jocson compounds that exploitation for her own benefit? And in so far as those performances explore the choreographies of entertainment capital and commodified desire, should Filipino audiences not be informed and perhaps educated about such things? Jocson countered that while wider local exposure for her work was desirable, it was wrong to presume that it could readily be presented in such circumstances. She makes her work within a specific critical and discursive context, she explained, and as part of a long-term thematic and aesthetic enquiry. To present it outside such contexts would benefit neither the audience, nor the artist, nor the work. If anything, she seemed to be suggesting, the work is not made for the producers of such performance forms, but for their consumers, and those who elsewhere participate in and benefit from such economies. She recounted making the 'mistake' of asking the owners of a 'macho dancer' nightclub if she could perform Macho Dancer there, as part of their regular line-up, late at night. They offered her an early slot, so as not to disrupt business as usual.