In this paper, we describe improvements to the in situ cosmogenic radiocarbon extraction system at SUERC made since 2004, highlighting the factors that potentially control the reduction of analytical variability. We also present new results on system blanks and of measurements of in situ 14C in shielded quartz and a surface quartz sample used at the University of Arizona as an in situ 14C standard (PP-4). The SUERC in situ 14C extraction system was built in 2001 and is based on a combustion technique following the design of the extraction system at the University of Arizona. Our preliminary results suggest that the continuous running of the extraction system and the monitoring of gas collecting time and of the temperature of the cryogenic traps used in the gas cleaning steps are key to maintaining low and stable system blanks. Our latest average system blank is 2.02 ± 0.23 x 105 14C atoms. This is consistent with those recently published by the University of Arizona and ETH in situ 14C labs. Measurements of in situ 14C concentrations in sample PP-4 yield an average of 3.82 ± 0.23 x 105 atoms g–1 quartz, again consistent with published values.


Along with the continuous development of the world, the necessity is also increasing of raising individuals who can keep up with developments and fulfill requirements and who research, criticize, question, realize themselves, and have high self-esteem (Anil, 2009). Science education plays a great part in raising individuals who can keep up with current developments. Harlen (1999) and Litcfield and Mattson ( 1989) state that science plays a key role in improving questioning, critical thinking, problem solving, decision making, and communication skills. In nurturing potential scientists, it is necessary that the items taught be meaningful for students and related to daily life. When the taught material is related to daily life, it becomes meaningful and permanent for the students.Objectifying teaching, making connections, and preparing the teaching environment according to these criteria are among the duties of a teacher (Akgiil, 2010). In this sense, there are certain characteristics and vocational qualifications of the teachers who produce individuals who are appropriate for the necessities of the time. They are explained by Celikten, Canal, and Yeni (2005, pp. 216-217) as follows: qualified teachers treat students patiently, controlling their emotions. They are respectful and conciliatory toward different religious or opinion groups. They are open to improving and criticizing themselves. They motivate students and focus on success. They are supportive in the expectation of high success, and they serve as models for students with their thoughts and behaviors. They are trustworthy, honest, objective, cheerful, tolerant, and affectionate in addition to holding leadership qualifications. The vocational qualifications of effective teachers are stated as follows: knowing students' problems-their physiological, emotional, and social features- and acting accordingly. They attempt to develop students' problem-solving skills and systematic and creative thinking skills. They help produce individuals who can apply what they have learned, and they evaluate students' achievement objectively using reliable and valid testing and measurement techniques. They make students aware that learning is a lifelong process. By creating independent classroom environments, good teachers attempt to ensure that their students are sociable and self-actualizing. A good science teacher uses a variety of teaching methods, technical strategies, and teaching materials because the more senses are involved in the teaching process, the more permanent the learning becomes and the longer the students will remember what they have learnt. In this sense, visual and audio learning objects enable teachers to increase the chances of more permanent learning (Seferoglu, 2006).A learning object is any reusable digital source that supports learning (Polsani, 2003, p. 77; Wiley, 2002). According to South and Monson (2000), learning objects comprise a wide range of digital media from mind maps and graphs to video and interactive simulations, all designed or used to realize the aims of teaching. Educational movies have also been a common learning object for 50 years (Depover, Giardina, & Marton, 1998), and they are necessary for success in the learning-teaching process (Wenger, 1943). Such movies are prepared to give information about specific topics (Michel, Roebers, & Schneider, 2007). Before beginning more complicated subjects, teachers have found out that educational movies can be used as "advance organizers" (Michel et al., 2007), and popular science fiction movies contribute to students' making sense of scientific concepts and forming mental schema (Barnett et al., 2006). Moreover, Ozta§ (2008) put forward that pausing and discussing movies while the subject matter is taught is an effective technique. Birkok (2008) states in his research that movies are effective for delivering comprehensive and intensive information to the masses. Furthermore, Whiteman (2009) indicates that documentaries can be used to reach and teach the masses. …


Fairness and efficiency are two classical and connected topics in economics. They have become well known, perhaps due to Adam Smith's two influential works: The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), which highlights a concern for fairness concern as part of morality, and The Wealth of Nations (1776), which underlines a concern for efficiency. However, during the rapid development of economics, fairness has received disproportionately less attention than efficiency. As a result, many people, including some economists, have incorrectly understood that economics as a subject no longer cares about fairness.

The primary objective of this thesis is to dispel this misperception. We would argue here that, similar to efficiency, fairness is an important factor for both social and individual decisions, and sometimes its effect can be determined.

Written in a three-paper format, this thesis explores fairness from three different angles. These angles cover the broad areas of how theoretical economists model fairness in social choice theory, how the general public perceive distributive fairness, and how people implement their fairness norms in making real-life donations. This multidimensional exploration is believed to be crucial to a comprehensive understanding of fairness.


The objective of this study was to assess the impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the extraction of polyphenolics and antioxidant activity from downgraded date palm fruits. The PEF pretreatments (frequency: 30 Hz, time: 50 μs, pulse number: 240, the electric field strengths were found to be 1, 2, and 2.5 kV.cm−1, and methanol (50%) and temperatures (20, 40, 50 °C)) were optimized and applied before extraction to produce an extract of date fruits with a high content of bioactive compounds. The extracts obtained immediately after pretreatments were analyzed for total polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic profiles. The results revealed that the PEF-assisted extracts at 2.5 kV.cm−1 at T50 °C exhibited higher polyphenol content (+27%) and antioxidant activity (+31%) and notably improved phenolic profiles compared to untreated extracts. PEF treatment processing significantly enhanced the bioactive components and antioxidant activities of date fruits over time, regardless of the treatment applied and the extraction's temperature. Hence, the application of PEF combined with thermal processing can be an appropriate alternative treatment for a better extractability of bioactive compounds from fruit of dates and food byproducts. These biomolecules could be consumed as new food technology, incorporated as food additives, and nutraceuticals products.


In traditional computational mechanics, it is often assumed that the physical properties of the system under consideration are deterministic. This assumption of determinism forms the basis of most mathematical modeling procedures used to formulate partial differential equations (PDEs) governing the system response. In practice, however, some degere of uncertainty in characterizing virtually any engineering system is inevitable. In a structural system, deterministic characterization of the system properties and its environment may not be desirable due to several reasons, including uncertainty in the material properties due to statistically inhomogeneous microstructure, variations in nominal geometry due to manufacturing tolerances, and uncertainty in loading due to the nondeterministic nature of the operating environment. These uncertainties can be modeled within a probabilistc framework, which leads to PDEs with random coefficients and associated boundary and initial conditions governing the system dynamics. It is implicitly assumed here that uncertainty in the PDE coefficients can be described by random variables or random fields that are constrcuted using experimental data or stochastic micromechanical analysis.


Purpose. This study investigated short-term corneal changes induced by reverse-geometry lenses worn for orthokeratology. Methods. Nine young adult subjects wore reverse-geometry rigid gas-permeable lenses (BE; UltraVision Contact Lenses, Brisbane, Australia) in one eye only for 10, 30, and 60 min in the open eye and 8 h in the closed eye. The fellow eye acted as a non-lens-wearing control. Corneal topographic changes were monitored using the Medmont E-300 corneal topographer and keratometry. Changes in uncorrected logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (log MAR) visual acuity were also recorded. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and post hoc t-tests. Results. Significant central corneal flattening (−0.61 ± 0.35 D; p = 0.014) and the formation of a defined "treatment zone" (diameter, 3.86 ± 0.88 mm) were found after 10 min of open-eye lens wear, which progressed with increasing periods of lens wear. Significant improvement in unaided logMAR (−0.16 ± 0.18; p = 0.005) was also apparent after 10 min and showed further improvement with longer periods of lens wear. Corneal asphericity showed a trend toward corneal sphericalization, which reached statistical significance after 8 h of lens wear. There was no significant change in corneal toricity. Conclusions. The cornea responds rapidly to the application of reverse-geometry lenses for orthokeratology, with significant central corneal flattening and improvement in visual acuity after just 10 min of lens wear. This suggests that the corneal epithelium is able to be molded or redistributed very rapidly in response to the tear film forces generated behind reverse-geometry lenses.


treatment of injuries to the main bile ducts (MBD) is becoming an increasingly important problem. This is due to the increase in the number of patients with diseases of the biliary tract and operations for them, which is due to improved diagnosis of cholelithiasis. The article presents a review of the literature on the current state of the problem of surgical treatment of iatrogenic injuries of the main bile ducts. The classification and modern methods of diagnostics are presented, the evolution of views and modern methods of reconstructive interventions are given. Despite certain successes achieved in this most complicated area of surgery, unsatisfactory results are observed in even the most experienced surgeons on average in 10% of cases.


New Students' Admission (here termed as PPDB) aims to support the Indonesia country in the education quality equalization. For this, there is a need for research to observe the impacts of PPDB on the education quality. This research aims to describe the procedure in the preparedness, implementation, and impacts of zoning system policies of PPDB on the education quality equalization in middle schools in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. This quantitative research was conducted using the discrepancy evaluation model developed by Malcolm M. Provus. The respondents involved included the principals, PPDB committee, students and students' guardians representing five zones as determined in Bantul Regency. The technique of collecting data was conducted using the questionnaires, interview and documentation. The content validity was carried out using Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha. Meanwhile, the data analysis used was the descriptive-quantitative and canonical test. This research on the implementation of PPDB using zoning system in Bantul Regency showed the following results: the zoning system policies in PPDB had no a significant impact on the quality equalization of education at middle schools in Bantul Regency. Overall, the completeness of the supporting equipment for the learning process at state middle schools in Bantul Regency has been available and and running well. The PPDB committee stated that there has been no change in education management both before and during the zoning system policy in PPDB. Thus, there is no change in the education quality.


Discuss:ion on Rheu7matoid Arthritis. THE; PRESIDENT opened the discussion by giving what he lhad been accustomed to take as a working definition, but added that he expected to hear it roughly handled in the debate. He regarded rheumatoid arthritis as an arthritis atffecting, as a rule, many joints,'but chiefly the smaller oInes, and occuirring usually in the female sex, and always (due to the absorption of a toxin. His feeling was that the cause sshould be sought for, and if that were found the treatnient becaule clear. But the etiology of the disease -was so varied that the treatments had been multituidinous. iMultiple arthritis mlust be caused by an infection indulced fromn a particular focus to the joints by the blood strean,


Background: Low- birthweight (LBW) is the single most powerful predictor of mortality in the first few months of life, especially in most developing countries. The physiologic hypercholesterolemia of later pregnancy suggests an adaptive function for pregnancy maintenance or fetal growth. Decreased levels of maternal total cholesterol have been reported in association with intrauterine growth restriction. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the association between low maternal serum cholesterol during early pregnancy and LBW in term neonates. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in which eligible participants were enrolled at the gestational age of 14–20 weeks over a period of 12 months. Blood samples were taken to measure the total serum cholesterol concentrations, and the sera were then analyzed enzymatically by the cholesterol oxidase: p-aminophenazone method. Association between low maternal serum cholesterol and LBW was tested by using Chi-square. All significances are reported at P < 0.05. Results: The present study showed an incidence of 13.4% for delivery of LBW babies in the low-risk study patients. LBW was 2.05 times more common with low total maternal cholesterol than with normal midrange maternal cholesterol levels (21.1% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.039). Conclusion: We can infer from the study that the low maternal serum cholesterol is associated with LBW in term neonates. We can, therefore, recommend that the concept of an optimal range for maternal serum cholesterol during pregnancy may have merit and pregnant women should be encouraged to follow a healthy, balanced diet, and ensure regular antenatal visit to their health-care provider.


Morphogenetic interactions during the histogenesis of Herbst9s corpuscle, as studied by heterochronic transplantations Duck embryo frontal buds or bill fragments have been transplanted to the frontal bud or limb bud of early duck embryo hosts. Results show that: (1) Somato-sensory nerve endings are able to participate in corpuscle histogenesis as soon as they reach 14 days of incubation. (2) However, corpuscle histogenesis can take place only in dermis that is older than 20 days of incubation. (3) The time at which the corpuscles form in a graft of a given age is independent of the total duration of graft innervation. The results, which demonstrate the existence of morphogenetic interactions between the dermal mesenchyme and the nerve endings, are discussed in connexion with what is known about the origin of Herbst9s corpuscle and the role of nerve and cutaneous tissue in its development. A schematic model is proposed for the morphogenetic sequence of Herbst9s corpuscle.


Yogyakarta is one of the big cities in Indonesia who attempting to overcomes its
transportation problem by providing a mode of transportation called Trans Jogja. This new
mode providers better services than others mode of transportation public. So far the
existence of Trans Jogja has not be able to reduce transportation problem in this city. This
condition is caused by the fact that the location of bus stops as a one of the most crucial
component in operation of Trans Jogja is not appropriate. The location of bus stops are not in
the centre of production and pull of passengers may be a reason why the society not using
Trans Jogja optimally.
This research aims to known the accessibility of Trans Jogja bus stops viewed by its
passengers in this research, the passengers perspective are identified by three factors which
include distance, travel time, and cost. This research used deductive approach, supported by
both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The sample of this research consist of bus stop
and users of Trans Jogja, with the number of sampel as many as 12, obtained by purposive
method with catogorized them into four regions based on the types of surrounding activities
include the education, trade, service and office area, hospital area, and tourism area. The
sample number of Trans Jogja passengers were 120 people.
The research shown that based on users perception of bus stop location accesibility,
it�s known that in general the user states that the location of halt of Trans Jogja is currently
better when viewed from distance, travel time and cost incurred within reach. In this case,
distance factor become the most factor affected the accesibility of bus stop. People are not
optimally used of Trans Jogja because the system did not provide maximum time realibility.
A result people would prefer to use private transportation vehicles to support its activities,
people tends to use Trans Jogja only when their trips are not timely constraints.


Thank you very much for downloading guide to living mammals. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this guide to living mammals, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their laptop. guide to living mammals is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the guide to living mammals is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The Reliability and the Efficiency of the Early Streamer Emission Concept Elysabeth BENALI, Michael TROUBAT, Fabien BARRIERE FRANCE PARATONNERRES Limoges, FRANCE firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract—This paper is a compilation of answers to the critics and comments frequently heard or written on the Early Streamer Technology. The ESE concept and the theory are criticized by partisan of the conventional method. Keywords—Early Streamer Emission, Leader I. INTRODUCTION Since the publication of the first standard on ESE technology, the lightning protection market has been modified. The supporter of the old and conventional technology of have been upset and used to critics with recurrent topics the ESEs. In order to answer those critics, this paper proposes some explanations and gives some ideas on the Early Streamer effect. II. THE EARLY STREAMER EFFECT This section aims to show that ESE air-terminals work properly as well in laboratory and in nature. A. Laboratory sequence of Tests An international committee has work on a new version of ESE standard; the result is the publication in 2011 of the last NFC 17-102 [1]. The new procedure of tests of the NFC 17-102 includes five


This work investigates the possibility of utilizing gender classification in gait recognition to reduce search space time as gender classification reduces the total number of search subjects from database. In this paper, gender classification is performed by utilizing Sparse spatiotemporal features along with most effective features, more informative less effective features and shape features. The spatiotemporal interest points are detected by improved Harris corner detector which is simulated annealing optimized Harris corner detector. The spatiotemporal interest points among the video frames are treated as the central point around which a cuboid of pixel values are extracted and processed to form final descriptor. The most effective features and more informative less effective features are extracted by the cofactor entropy while the shape features are extracted using angular radial transform and FFT and the feature fusion is performed using BAT as in our previous works. Then the Sparse Multi-kernel Support Vector Machine (SM-SVM) is used for subject classification. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides efficient gender classification and thus reduces the gait recognition time.


Abstract : The automated munitions supply management information system (MIS) is a subsystem of the Standard Base Supply System MIS, yet it has received little individualized analysis to determine the adequacy of data provided to the Munitions Accountable Supply Officer (MASO). This study addresses the data requirements of MASOs, aligned under maintenance organizations, operating throughout the Air Force. A survey instrument was used to collect data from 75 current MASOs for analysis of both data received and data required for the performance of their duties. The instrument included questions on demographics, task descriptions, data adequacy, and MIS deficiencies. Analysis determined the eight most important computer data sources utilized. From these products, a data requirements list was compiled and contrasted with data currently available. Final analysis results indicated a general satisfaction with the existing MIS; however, five major deficiencies were noted. Based on study of the five deficient areas, the author suggests several recommendations that, if implemented, could enhance the current computer products. (Author)


Prevailing wisdom in nance suggests long-run investors have a competitive advantage, since they can ride out short-run uctuations and mispricing, and pursue illiquid investments. This paper investigates if this advantage holds in a portfolio context, examining bene ts of international diversi cation across short- and longrun horizons. Employing a multi-horizon non-parametric lter, increased long-run correlations between international equity markets are detailed, even for synchronized markets. A model replicating the temporal aggregation properties of intermarket correlation is developed, indicating that short-run correlations are downward biased by frictions. Finally, the impact on portfolio allocation is investigated, demonstrating decreased risk reduction bene ts in the long-run.


An experimental investigation and calculations were made of the interaction of pulse-periodic XeCl laser radiation of intensity 106–108 W/cm2 with metals. The main energy loss channels associated with evaporation of the metal, its thermal radiation, and convective cooling of the surrounding gas were determined. An optimal regime was shown to exist for heating metal samples which was a function of the laser radiation intensity and was determined for each of the investigated metals by its thermophysical and optical properties.


Book synopsis: Nostalgia has been considered as a general cultural phenomenon, but hardly in their relation to technological development. The book contains articles on the relevance of old technologies analyzes of three technical areas: mobility (car and train), Architecture and Urbanism (real and virtual retro rooms, historicisms in construction and design, as well as post-apocalyptic nostalgia charged utopias) and technical media (photography, movie and video games).


We tested the hypothesis that acclimation of foliar dark respiration to CO 2 concentration and temperature is associated with adjustments in leaf structure and chemistry. Populus tremuloides Michx., Betula papyrifera Marsh., Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, Pinus banksiana Lamb., and Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. were grown from seed in combined CO 2 (370 or 580 μmol mol -1 ) and temperature treatments (18/12, 24/18, or 30/24 °C). Temperature and CO 2 effects were predominately independent. Specific respiration rates partially acclimated to warmer thermal environments through downward adjustment in the intercept, but not Q 10 of the temperature-response functions. Temperature acclimation of respiration was larger for conifers than broad-leaved species and was associated with pronounced reductions in leaf nitrogen concentrations in conifers at higher growth temperatures. Short-term increases in CO 2 concentration did not inhibit respiration. Growth in the elevated CO 2 concentration reduced leaf nitrogen and increased non-structural carbohydrate concentrations. However, for a given nitrogen concentration, respiration was higher in leaves grown in the elevated CO 2 concentration, as rates increased with increasing carbohydrates. Across species and treatments, respiration rates were a function of both leaf nitrogen and carbohydrate concentrations (R 2 = 0.71, P < 0.0001). Long-term acclimation of foliar dark respiration to temperature and CO 2 concentration is largely associated with changes in nitrogen and carbohydrate concentrations.


The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a difference existed between the longitudinal mandibular length and mandibular growth velocity of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients and non-cleft patients. The sample consisted of 30 unilateral complete cleft lip and palate patients from the Lancaster Cleft Palate Clinic in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. A lateral cephalogram was traced and measured for each patient at the ages of six, nine, twelve and fifteen. Each measurement in each time point was compared to the comparable age point from the Bolton and/or Michigan study norms. T-tests determined that the cleft lip and palate sample had statistically significantly larger gonial angles and shorter total mandibular lengths than the Michigan study norms at, at least three of the four time points and that the cleft lip and palate group had statistically significantly shorter maxillary lengths and shorter total mandibular lengths and more acute SNA and SNB angles than the Bolton norms at, at least three of four time points (p<.05). No significant difference was found between the growth timing and rate of the total mandibular length of the cleft lip and palate patients when compared to the non-


The murine sterol carrier protein 2 gene (Scp2) has been mapped to chromosome 4C5-->D1 by in situ hybridization. This location is syntenic with the locus of SCP2 on human chromosome 1p32. We found the overall structure of murine Scp2 to be identical to that of the human SCP2 gene. In addition, two Scp2 pseudogenes have been isolated and mapped to chromosomes 3H2-->4 and 9F.


A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Chemistry


The research status about the recycling and utilization of condensed water is summarized briefly.The condensed water flow of residential building in hot summer and cold winter region is calculated.The experiment system for recycling condensed water is established by which it is derived that the energy saved is 9.6 percent of single air conditioner's cooling capacity by recycling the condensed water of twenty air conditioners of which single cooling capacity is 3500 watt.


Background: Hypertension is a disease that has the potential to become the most significant cause of death in the world in 2020. Hypertension caused by an imbalance of the renin angiotensinogen system. Viscera hydrolyzate extract has an anti-hypertension activity. The research aimed to determine tilapia viscera hydrolyzate extract's ability to reduce blood pressure, suppressing the expression of TNF-α and IL-6. Viscera hydrolyzed with alcalase and extracted to obtain viscera bioactive crude extract (VisBC).Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive rats induced by DOCA-salt, gave VisBC therapy. 15 Wistar rats divided into 5 treatment groups, namely normal control (without induced DOCA-salt), positive control (SHR-Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat = induced by DOCA-salt), comparative control (SHR + Captopril 5 mg/kg), VisBC 1 (SHR + BC 150 mg/kg) and VisBC 2 (SHR + BC 300 mg/kg), where each treatment consisted of 3 replications. Each treatment measured for blood pressure, TNF-α and IL-6 expression. The data represented as mean ± SD and analyzed by ANOVA (p less than 0.05) in any difference, a subsequent Duncan test. Data analyzed by SPSS 20.0 for Windows 10.Result: The results showed the treatment of VisBC could reduce systole (19.64%) and diastole (29.15%) blood pressure. Also, VisBC inhibited the expression of TNF-α (8.08%) and IL-6 (8.39%). The VisBC of tilapia with a dose of 150 mg/kg could inhibit the expression of TNF-α and IL-6, thereby affected the decrease in blood pressure (systole and diastole) in rats induced by DOCA-salt. This research proved that fish waste could produce bioactive as anti-hypertension.


THIS is an edition of modest dimensions and limited scope. Those who want a commentary on every line and a discussion of every theory, or who require a ready-made answer to examination questions, must go elsewhere. Though, as his bibliography shows, M. Perret knows the work of his fellow scholars, he does not argue with them, and much that might be said on the Eclogues he does not say. He asks questions and raises doubts without always giving an answer or a solution, and he is not afraid to confess himself stumped. But, as Quintilian says, one of the virtues of a grammaticus is aliqua nescire. Perret has no use for the biographical details recorded in the ancient Lives and commentaries. He regards them as derived from the Eclogues themselves and of no independent value. So in 1 and 9 none of the characters 'is' Virgil himself, except that in Lycidas' words in 9. 30-36 we can hear Virgil giving expression to his own poetic ambitions. In view of his rejection of allegorical interpretations elsewhere it is perhaps surprising that Perret is so confident that in 5 Daphnis represents Julius Caesar. On the identity of the child in 4 we are given no more than a brief parenthesis suggesting Asinius Gallus or M. Marcellus, not, many would say, the most likely candidates. The brief introductions to the separate poems are always stimulating, and there are many good observations in the notes on matters of style. The comments on metre do not always carry conviction. There seems hardly ground for saying that an ending of the type huic quoque porno (2.53) is 'tres rare en l'absence de ponctuation bucolique', when in the same poem there are two lines where such an ending is preceded by a stop and three (including 53) where it is not. It is pointed out (8. 63) that in all the poems where two singers compete there are fewer elisions in the lines of the one Virgil appears to have thought the best. But in 7 (the only case where there is a definite decision in favour of one singer) the fact that there is only one elision in Corydon's lines looks less remarkable when we observe that there are only four in those of Tityrus. That there are only two elisions in Menalcas' speech of twenty-five lines in 5 may seem of less significance when we reflect that there is at least one other passage in the Eclogues of the same length with no more elisions (9. 39-64) and that even in the Georgics, where elision is much more frequent than in the Eclogues, there is a passage of eighteen lines (2. 325—42) with only one elision. Nor is it likely that Virgil would have regarded as a fault a practice for which he later showed a marked predilection.


The main goal of the work was to study the utilization of fumarate by sulfur-reducing bacteria Desulfuromonas sp. under different growth conditions and accumulation of hydrogen sulfide by bacteria in the media with sulfur and different electron donors. Sulfur-reducing bacteria Desulfuromonas sp. , isolated from soil in Yazivske sulfur deposit, were used in the reasearch. Bacteria were grown in the medium Postgate C without sulfates. The content of hydrogen sulfide was determined by formation of methylene blue. The content of organic acids (fumarate, succinate, lactate, acetate) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biomass of cells was determined by the photoelectrocolorymetry method using KFK-3. The highest level of accumulation of hydrogen sulfide by bacteria Desulfuromonas sp. was found i n media with sodium lactate and sodium pyruvate. The maximal concentration of hydrogen sulfide was 1.9 mM. M aximal accumulation of biomass was observed i n the media with malate, lactate and fumarate with the presence of elemental sulfur. Sulfur-reducing bacteria Desulfuromonas sp. are able to utilize fumarate as an electron donor and acceptor in the absence of elemental sulfur in the medium. After the incubation of Desulfuromonas sp. in the medium with fumarate , chromatographic analysis of culture liquid showed that fumarate is converted to succinate and small quantities of acetate The presence of acetate is, probably, due to the particularaties of the functioning of citric acid cycle in bacteria of the genus Desulfuromonas . Consequently, the results indicate that the fumarate serves as a donor and acceptor of electrons.The simultaneous introduction of two electron donors – fumarate and elemental sulfur – was accompanied by inhibition of sulfur reduc tion . After an additional source of carbon (sodium lactate) and electron acceptor (elemental sulfur) was added to the medium with fumarate a fivefold increase of sulfidogenic activity was observed. Thus, regulation of respiration in bacteria Desulfuromonas sp. is directed to the primary utilization of the most energetically favorable electron acceptors.


We have presented a complex valued recurrent neural network given by a set of non-linear differential equation. In this paper, activation dynamics of complex valued neural networks are studied on general time scales. Besides presenting conditions guaranteeing the existence of a unique equilibrium pattern, its global exponential stability is discussed. Some numerical examples for different time scales are given in order to highlight the results. The equation is shown to possess a unique equilibrium point beside having bounded solution. The equation is shown to possess a unique equilibrium point besides having a bounded solution.


Although we can trace the concept of legal deposit to the Library of Alexandria, the current legal deposit has its origins in the French Royal Deposit of Francois I. The legal deposit will be alternately or simultaneously censorial, probationary and for preservation. However, whatever the era, legal deposit is too often ignored or only reluctantly accepted. We must constantly remind depositors of the law. The situation has not changed in twenty-first century.


We present and analyze kinetic models for the size evolution of a huge number of populations subject to interactions which describe both birth and death in a single population, and migration between them. If the mean size of the population is preserved, we prove that the solution to the underlying kinetic equation converges to equilibrium as time goes to infinity, and in various relevant cases we recover its main properties. In addition, by considering a suitable asymptotic procedure (the limit of quasi-invariant interactions) a simpler kinetic description of the model is derived. This procedure allows to describe the evolution process in terms of a linear kinetic transport-type equation. Among the various processes that can be described in this way, one recognizes a process which is closely related to the Lea–Coulson model of mutation processes in bacteria, a variation of the original model proposed by Luria and Delbruck, and a model recently proposed to describe evolution of the cross-genomic family abundance (i.e. the number of genes of a given family found in different genomes).


In computer science, context-awareness refers to the capability of a computing device to sense,
understand and react to contextual information, i.e. information that is not at the centre of an activity
but is still relevant for that activity. A computing device does not necessarily interact with humans at a
given moment, but when it does, its Context-Awareness has many implications for human-computer
interaction. The thesis that this paper surmises looks at Natural User Interfaces from a Context-
Awareness perspective.


This article advocates the use of short-range wireless communication inside a computing chassis. Ultrawideband links make it possible to design a within-chassis wireless interconnect. In contrast to conventional, fixed, wireline connections between chips, wireless communications offer certain unique advantages, as the authors explain.


We propose an su(2) WZNW model with a non-rational level and a continuous spectrum based on the non-unitary hermitian representations of the chiral algebra su(2)_k. It is conjectured that for this model the continuous spectra counterpart of the Goddard-Kent-Olive (GKO) coset construction yields the Liouville and the imaginary Liouville field theories. We support the conjecture by a number of nontrivial tests based on analytic calculations.


Introduction Groove pancreatitis is a form of chronic pancreatitis affecting the space surrounded by the pancreatic head, duodenum and common bile duct. The clinical findings can conflict with pancreatic cancer causing diagnostic dilemma preoperatively. Case series We describe two patients with a history of alcohol excess, who presented with a few months history of upper abdominal pain associated with weight loss and vomiting. Endoscopic and radiological investigations related duodenal narrowing, biliary dilatation and multiple pseudocysts around the head of the pancreas and duodenum. A Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy was carried out in both patients. Histopathology report demonstrated cystic areas in both medial and lateral walls of the duodenum microscopically consistent with groove pancreatitis. Conclusion The diagnosis of groove pancreatitis should be considered in patients with duodenal stenosis and cystic lesions around the head of the pancreas associated with history of alcohol excess. Differentiation from pancreatic cancer is difficult preoperatively.


Since the publication of my article (JRAS., 1945, pp. 165 ff.) Dr. A. A. Hekmat has kindly sent me a copy of his book Jāmī, published at Teheran in 1941 (A.H. 1320). In view of Ṣāfīs evidence, he there (pp. 185 f.) dates the first daftar of the Silsilat al-dhahab between A.H. 873 (accession of Sulṭān Huṣayn) and A.H. 877 (Jāmi's pilgrimage). He also calls attention to a relevant passage in the poem itself, strangely overlooked by Ethé and by all other scholars. The important line, which will be found on p. 214 of the lithograph of the Nafaḥāt al-unsand Silsilat al-dhahab published at Cawnpore in 1874, runs as follows:—


Forecasting significant weather events continues to pose a challenge to meteorologists. While there are notable success stories of predicting important storms far in advance; such as the 12-14 March 1993 Superstorm and the 6-8 January 1996 MidAtlantic snowstorm; many important weather events are still only predicted with short notice. Pattern recognition offers a paradigm for this prediction challenge. The premise of pattern recognition is that significant weather events have repeatable and very specific configurations of atmospheric anomaly fields. For example, flooding in Virginia is found to occur with specific combinations of anomalous conditions. These patterns include anomalously large values of precipitable water, a maximum of 700 hPa thermal field east of the region, and unusually strong negative values of the 850 hPa u wind component coupled with large positive values of the 200 hPa v wind component along the East Coast. (Knight and Evans 2000) Once the "fingerprint" for a significant weather event has been identified, this information can be used to assess the risk of a future event based on the configuration of model forecasts of anomaly fields. Several steps are followed to produce this significant weather forecast system. A comprehensive relational database of significant weather events is assembled from existing events (National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), the Storm Predictions Center (SPC) and others). The following weather events are chosen for the domain of the Middle Atlantic River Forecast Center (MARFC); flash flooding, widespread flooding, snow storms, ice storms, non-convective wind storms, record heat and cold, tornadoes, convective winds, hail and forest fires. All events are within the specified region, with the exception of fires where only data from Pennsylvania was available. The events database period of record varied from 1950 to 2003 with most event types within the database covering at least a 40 year span. This paper addresses key predictors associated with various significant weather events. The first section will detail the criteria used for the events along with their sources. The second section explains an objective methodology used to rank the importance of atmospheric data fields for each event, with a discussion describing the technique of spatially clustering maximum and minimum values of anomalies and ranking their magnitudes. The results section outlines preliminary findings for the future implementation of an early warning system of significant weather events within the MARFC domain.


Are elementary public school teachers who have been upwardly mobile occupationally more helpful, as measured by Anderson-Brewer "Dominative-Socially Integrative" observation scheme, to children of lower and upper occupational status families than teachers who have not engaged in upward occupational mobility?


One of the important elements of national, urban and biosphere identity is the local cuisine, as a code that forms and translates certain values. Recently, in the US and Europe, the direction of interdisciplinary research has become relevant, which combining the problems of food, environmental ethics and safety. In the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, the risk of food insecurity is growing, especially in countries dependent on food imports. A pandemic offers the opportunity to transform food systems. Agribusiness is aimed at uninterrupted supply of cheap, unified food. The world trade market is quite pragmatic, it responds to the needs of trends in Western society, because it is a source of income and the basis of modern resource allocation. Concerned about the potential threat to food security during the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries and organizations are working hard to provide affordable food to consumers who can still access and buy food despite restrictions on movement and loss of income, as well as safe rural management farms. The purpose of the article is the implementation of the environmental aspects of identity in modern urban research. The article deals with the development of the 'Slow Food' movement in Ukraine. The movement supports farmers, studies and promotes local products, traditional recipes, and supports the biodiversity of species. In Ukraine, volunteers of the movement for more than ten years have been proving that food should be produced not only in environmentally friendly conditions, but also without harm to the environment, wildlife, society. Dnipro, Kyiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Simferopol and Chernihiv represent the cities of Ukraine. Bessarabia, Volyn, Galicia, Carpathians, Crimea and Podillia - present the 'culinary dialects' of the regions. Unlike other countries, Ukrainian primary centers are informal associations of enthusiasts who, at their own expense, embody the Slow Food philosophy and take part in the preserving and promotion of traditional foods. But most importantly is a movement of volunteers to help Ukraine to save landscapes and food independence which is based on on local products. Environmental aspects of urban life, the question of what plans we build them , for a long time they remained secondary to political and socio-economic problems. There are many initiatives now and the townspeople are addressing these issues, but they are not yet at the time. Odessa may become one of the sitopic cities of Ukraine. The creation of new lokal spaces and practices for the social cohesion and safe food for Odessa citizens contributes to the successful implementation of Cittaslow principles. An analysis of the trend towards more conscious consumption and understanding of the problems in the current food system will contribute to the development of gastronomic tourism. It is proved that Odessa can become one of the sitopic cities of Ukraine. Due to the creation of new lokal spaces and practices aimed at creating social cohesion and safe food for Odessa citizens, the principles of Cittaslow, a slow and environmentally friendly city, are being successfully implemented.


In February 2020—or "back in the old days before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)," as it feels now—we were thinking of a suitable hook for an editorial about Open Access and Open Science. Fast-forward only a few weeks, and parts of the global economy have come to a standstill, national borders have been closed, quarantines and curfews have been implemented, social distancing has become common sense, and most people would be able to name their favorite TV virologist. Which also means that the hook for an Open Access and Open Science editorial suddenly presented itself rather forcefully in the shape of COVID-19. Most of us are affected by COVID-19 in a multitude of ways both in our personal and professional lives. It has reminded us of the interconnectedness of the entire global community, and the common social and economic challenges facing all humanity, many of which have been intensified due to the economic slowdown. The unfolding COVID-19 pandemic has also amplified various forms of inequity, which while playing out differently in various economic contexts serve as a vivid reminder of latent forms of discrimination and bias affecting hundreds of millions of human beings across the planet every day. In many contexts, COVID-19 has also elicited heartbreaking ethical decision-making for politicians, policy makers, administrators, managers, and family members and we will live to think through and analyze the repercussions and implications of these for many years to come. From a teaching point of view, this certainly raises serious questions regarding the ways in which our institutions prepared decision-makers and our citizens for this type of crisis. From a research perspective, COVID-19 is possibly representative of the types of external shocks that we expect to be facing much more frequently in the not-too-distant future in light of the series of grand challenges (Eisenhardt, Graebner, & Sonenshein, 2016; George, Howard-Grenville, Joshi, & Tihanyi, 2016), we are confronted with. Overwhelmed health-care systems, rising unemployment, spiraling global debt, disrupted supply chains, and a range of other developments raise urgent questions in relation to degrowth, radical innovation, or resilience. At the same time, this type of massive discontinuous change (Winn, Kirchgeorg, Griffiths, Linnenluecke, & Günther, 2011) also provides us with unexpected opportunities: enforced or encouraged changes in travel behavior, production, and consumption patterns result in a sudden reduction in global carbon emissions and other dimensions of our ecological footprint. As such, they have the potential to form a punctuated equilibrium (Romanelli & Tushman, 1994) with regard to pro-environmental awareness and behavior, policy measures and, more generally, parts of the transition toward a more sustainable development. One rather unexpected outcome of the COVID-19 crisis has arguably already been the rapid digitization of the Higher Education sector, and there are other outcomes that are still unfolding, although our conscience and consciousness are not yet able to keep track. All of these changes highlight the need for rapid development of solid theory, practical decision-making models or ethical decision-making guidelines, and various new tools that can be useful during this pandemic, and more importantly post-pandemic, to be better prepared for expected future outbreaks.


Background Changing the culture of information use, which is one of the transformation agendas of the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, cannot become real unless health care providers are committed to using locally collected data for evidence-based decision making. The commitment of health care providers has paramount influence on district health information system 2 (DHIS2) data utilization for decision making. Evidence is limited on health care providers' level of commitment to using DHIS2 data in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to fill this evidence gap. Objective This study aimed to assess the levels of commitment of health care providers and the factors influencing their commitment levels in using DHIS2 data for decision making at public health care facilities in the Ilu Aba Bora zone of the Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia in 2020. Methods The cross-sectional quantitative study supplemented by qualitative methods was conducted from February 26, 2020 to April 17, 2020. A total of 264 participants were approached. SPSS version 20 software was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive and analytical statistics, including bivariable and multivariable analyses, were performed. Thematic analysis was conducted for the qualitative data. Results Of the 264 respondents, 121 (45.8%, 95% CI 40.0%-52.8%) respondents showed high commitment levels to use DHIS2 data. The variables associated with the level of commitment to use DHIS2 data were found to be provision of feedback for DHIS2 data use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.85, 95% CI 1.02-3.33), regular supervision and managerial support (AOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.50-5.37), information use culture (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.03-3.59), motivation to use DHIS2 data (AOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.00-3.25), health needs (AOR 3.96, 95% CI 2.11-7.41), and competency in DHIS2 tasks (AOR 2.41, 95% CI 1.27-4.55). Conclusions In general, less than half of the study participants showed high commitment levels to use DHIS2 data for decision making in health care. Providing regular supportive supervision and feedback and increasing the motivation and competency of the health care providers in performing DHIS2 data tasks will help in promoting their levels of commitment that can result in the cultural transformation of data use for evidence-based decision making in health care.


OBJECTIVE:To assess the possibility that proton pump inhibitors treating the patients with acid-associated diseases had other risk factors for C. difficile infection. METHODS :To review recent literatures for an analysis. RESULTS: Cohort study showed that C. difficile diarrhea occurred in about 6.8% of the inpatients who used antibiotics. A multivariate analysis indicated that C. difficile diarrhea was significantly associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Disruption of the normal intestinal flora is generally considered to be the risk factor for inducing clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Reduced gastric acidity has been suggested as a risk factor. Proton pump inhibitors, because of their strong acid-inhibiting effect, may be an independent risk factor for this problem.


Thermal issue is becoming more and more serious when integrated circuits (IC) further explores along the road of More Moore with dramatic increments of integration degree and power density. Thermal management, including thermal design, modeling, and optimization, has been an important concern in the system-level design of 3D IC. Current thermal modeling for a system level 3D IC design usually relies on a simplified thermal resistance network, which requires trade-offs between the model complexity and the simulation accuracy. Comparing to traditional thermal resistance based model, finite element simulation can provide a more accurate simulation for the thermal management of 3D IC. However, a full chip scale numerical simulation is still lack as an unacceptable huge grid number is unavoidable to deal with the geometric size mismatch existed in a 3D IC. Moreover, current finite element method based numerical simulation tools have no direct supports for the thermal management of 3D IC, since the placement design usually consists a complex data structure from a 3D IC. A method to bridge the finite element method and the 3D IC placement is introduced in this work. The whole bridge process includes placement data structure extraction, 3D IC system model generation, structure, mesh, solver configuration, calculation, and post data analysis. A full chip scale numerical simulation was demonstrated based the present bridge method along with the recently reported equivalent thermal conductivity simplified model.


This paper investigates active real-time balancing of rigid rotors during the transient time of acceleration. First, the governing equation of motion of a rigid rotor is formulated. A parametric adaptive control scheme is then designed based on this dynamic model. An ordinary recursive least squares estimation method is used to estimate parameters in this adaptive control scheme. A supervisory control strategy is proposed to coordinate the parameter estimation and the balancer control action. Simulation results show that the whole scheme can efficiently reduce the imbalance-induced vibration in the rigid rotor-bearing system.


Introduction: Ocular trauma is a major cause of monocular blindness and visual impairment throughout the world. It is estimated that more than 2 million people suffer from ocular trauma annually and 40,000 become visually handicapped permanently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the visual outcome in open globe injury patients. Methods: This study was conducted in Nepal Eye Hospital. All the cases of admitted open globe injuries were examined and managed in the hospital were included in this study. The detail history of trauma and visual acuity was recorded. Clinical diagnosis was made after detail examination of anterior and posterior segment.  Patient was treated according to the type of injury. Visual recovery and the cause of poor vision at the time of discharge was also noted. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 11 program. Results: Out of the 100 cases enrolled in the study work related injury was the most frequent injury, metal was the most common causative agent. Males of 20-50 years of age are more vulnerable to open globe injury. Vision improved in 48%, same vision in 39% and deteriorated vision in 13% cases was recorded. Conclusions: Present study reveals that open globe injury can present in varying severity and though the overall prognosis is grave, prompt surgical intervention can result in better visual outcome. The visual outcome in mild to moderate ocular injury was satisfactory but poor in severe injuries. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; July-December 2012/vol.11/Issue2/40-43 DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i2.7909


A 9-bit digital true time delay (TDD) and amplification module with high integration is proposed in this paper. The true time delay units, bi-directional amplifiers, serial-to-parallel converter and power pulse modulated circuits are integrated in a multi-chip module (MCM) with monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) and surface mount technology (SMT). Multi-layer microwave board is used to implement the routing of DC, control and RF signals. Moreover, in order to achieve better flatness of time delay, distributed amplifiers and high isolation cavity structures have been adopted. To calculate the spatial isolation of the cavity structures, electromagnetic simulation with microwave high frequency software has been utilized. For verification, a multichannel TDD module has been designed, fabricated and measured. According to the measured results, the TDD module achieves the receive gain within 4.5 dB ± 0.8 dB, transmit power within 17dBm ± 1.0 dB, and high time-delay accuracy within ± 0.5 ps for 6.25 ps and ± 20 ps for 1600 ps, simultaneously.


The increasing size and complexity of computer systems has created the need to develop new techniques to facilitate the design and evaluation of developing architectures. The most common technique applied to the development of new architectures is simulation, which permits detailed accurate modeling of the architecture. However, there are several problems associated with using simulation in developing computer systems. First, traditional simulation approaches are not flexible enough to permit easy extension or modification of the model. While most simulators are parameterized to provide flexibility, parameterization alone is not adequate to permit the modification and extension required for developing architectures. Second, traditional simulation approaches are computation intensive, slowing development and prohibiting simulation of large programs. To address the first problem, we use an object-oriented design for our simulator to produce a flexible, extensible model. To address the second problem, we incorporate the decode step of processor simulation into the state of each instruction object, saving the time to simulate the decode during execution. We have implemented a prototype of our design and initial experiments with the object oriented prototype, coded in C++, ran twice as fast as another prototype that we implemented using the traditional approach to simulation where the simulator was written in C.


The concerned research paper has drawn attention towards various aspects related to conflicts in an organization; that influence total framework of performance and related behavior of people i.e. the employees at work. The research paper has primarily sought to extract various conflict redressal and resolution strategies and hence propose desirable solutions to the managing an effective organizational performance tocounter the conflict situations. In addition, it has also presented an insight into different kinds and sources of conflicts, congruent resolution strategies and application of the same.


Abstract This paper examines the effect of hydrochloric acid as an alternative mobile phase additive in reversed phase chromatography of closely related peptides, such as the analogs of human angiotensin I and III, in comparison to the retention behavior and selectivity obtained with the two most popular additives TFA and phosphoric acid. The effect of the concentration of the additive and of the apparent pH of the mobile phase was investigated by isocratic elution of the selected peptides on a totally porous butyl-silica column with water-acetonitrile eluents containing either additive at various concentrations, corresponding to different values of the apparent pH of the mobile phase within the range 1.23 to 2.28. Differences in retention behavior and selectivity observed with the three mobile phase additives were discussed in terms of differences in the ion-pair associations between the ionized peptides and the counterions in the mobile phase.


In the article ecological problems of modern Ukrainian ecological sector are analysed, the main factors of the most important for agrarian sector ecological-institutional determinators are considered. The components of ecological pressure in Ukrainian agrarian management system and ecological recreation perspectives are proved. New approaches to the culture of ecological management are proposed. Ecological perspectives in the conception of Ukrainian agrarian sector's sustainable development are pointed out.


Seventy bryophytes are reported new to (or confirmed for) Albania from a meeting of the British Bryological Society in 2014, based in the Valbona Valley. The high number of new records reflects the poor state of our knowledge of the bryoflora of the country. Many of the newly recorded species have Alpine, Boreal or even Arctic affinities. However the most significant record is that of Jungermannia calcicola Konst. & Vilnet., previously known only from the Russian Caucasus.


This article explains the background and purpose of the Athens Club, a classist organlzation for blacks, created during the second decade of the 20th century in Havana, Cuba. This platform was provided to address artistic, scientific and literary
matters, with the goal of increasing the cultural level and good taste of blacks. The Club had ciose links with U.S. groups of blacks and fought to stop racial discrimination and solve social and political problems.


The issue of ground object detection is a hot topic in the fields of urban design and planning. The efficiency and accuracy of results play roles in urban renewal, road paving, greening engineering, and street livability construction. However, the "top-view" remote sensing data have some limitations in ground object detection. For example, the existence of clouds can mask the high resolution of remote sensing images. Therefore, this study proposes a data-driven framework for transferring the ground-view image into the aerialview scene. The experiments are implemented using a popular type of open data sourcestreet view image (SVI) to verify the feasibility and extendibility of the proposed data-driven framework. The ground objects such as roads, trees, cars, sidewalks and signboards can be effectively identified and detected. Our work contributes a new insight to ground object detection using ground-view SVI supplement the aerial-view remote sensing data. The experiment result can provide a better and comprehensive understanding of urban environments, which is important in urban planning, design, and renewal.


In our study, we aim to characterize the estrogenicity of 18 independent rivers that receive effluent from sewage treatment works. During the winter and summer of 2003, we collected multiple water samples and measured environmental estrogens with an in vitro yeast‐based reporter gene assay; estrogenicity was expressed as ng 17β‐estradiol equivalents (EEQ) per L of water. Estradiol equivalents values in winter ranged from 0.3 to 2.0 ng/L and, in summer, from 0.4 to 7.0 ng/L. Winter and summer EEQ values were not correlated with each other or with the dilution factor of the effluent in the river. Variation in EEQ values was large and correlated from winter to summer. Part of this variation in estrogenicity is explained by water flow rates; variation is larger at reduced flow rates. We measured plasma vitellogenin concentrations in immature male brown trout. At five sites, vitellogenin concentrations exceeded 1 μg/ml; however, at the majority of the sites, plasma vitellogenin concentrations were below 0.5 μg/ml. Our data indicate that the exposure of brown trout to environmental estrogens in Swiss midland rivers is low. However, some sites show reoccurring higher EEQ values and, at some sites, plasma vitellogenin concentrations in male fish clearly are elevated.


The unfair contract terms protection in Slovakia is currently regulated by a system of rules in the Slovak Civil Code; the path to the current extent of consumer protection has not been very straightforward. This article analyses the legislative framework on unfair terms, and questions of law enforcement. It further outlines selected issues and empirical evidence in the context of "surprising contract terms," transparency of a contract term, legislative power of the judiciary, it discusses the controversial of the German approach to resolve conflicts revolving around unfair clauses. The article concludes that the current Slovak regulation of unfair terms in consumer contracts seems to fulfil the requirements set by the UCTD; however, all in all, Slovakia's national regulation remains fragmented in the Civil Code, the Act on Consumer Protection and special sectoral regulation and supplemented by special procedural regulation.


Cite this article: Malimon, Z. V., Kukhtyn, M. D., & Perkiy, Y. B. (2018). Contamination of frozen fish with mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms depending on biochemical quality indices. Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine, 6(3), 39‒43. doi: 10.32819/2018.63008 Abstract. Because of the high nutritional and biological value, fish is a good nutrient for the development of all groups of microorganisms, making it a perishable kind of food. The conditions of fish storage require appropriate temperature regimes to stop the development of microorganisms. The purpose of the research is to investigate the bioassay of frozen mesophyll and psychrotrophic microflora, depending on the biochemical parameters which characterize its freshness. Mesophilic aerobic and elective anaerobic organisms in samples were found at a temperature of 30 ± 1 oС within bioassay incubation for 72 hours and psychrotrophic microflora at a temperature of 6.5 ± 0.5 oC within incubation for 10 days. Biochemical parameters include reaction with copper sulfate, peroxidase, total volatile base nitrogen and pH by generally accepted methods. It was discovered that frozen fish in reaction with copper sulfate, that was prior classified as fresh and benign, according to the content of mesophilic aerobic and elective anaerobic organisms, in of 25% of cases on average did not meet the microbiological standard of DSTU 4868:2007. At the same time, approximately 70% of samples of frozen fish which contained psychrotrophic microflora were found to be higher than established norm for mesophilic aerobic and elective anaerobic organisms, and 25.9 ± 1.4% of samples exceeded the number of 100.000 CFU/g. It was determined that for a positive reaction to peroxidase, the number of frozen fish samples complying with the microbiological standard according to the content of mesophilic aerobic and elective anaerobic organisms was 64.9 ± 2.7%, which is 1.6 times higher than in samples with such quantity of psychrotrophic microorganisms. The benign fish in response to peroxidase was contaminated with mesophilic microflora from 50.000 to 1 million CFU/g in 32.5 ± 1.3% of cases, and with psychrotrophic microflora 1,7 times more. This indicates a significant insemination of the fish microflora, which, based on the results of studies on peroxidase, is fresh. For a negative reaction to volatile base nitrogen, 30% of frozen fish samples, which were contaminated with mesophilic aerobic and elective anaerobic organisms, were found to have more than 50.000 CFU/g and 46.2% ± 1.8% of psychrotrophs. It was established that 48% of fish samples according to the content of mesophilic aerobic and elective anaerobic organisms and 57.6% by content of psychrotrophs did not meet the microbiological standard of DSTU 4868:2007 for the pH quality indicator in fresh fish. Consequently, the results of the research indicate that with satisfactory biochemical parameters of frozen fish in reaction with copper sulfate, peroxidase, the content of total volatile base nitrogen and pH, 25–50% of fish samples with over-normative (more than 50.000 CFU/g) content of mesophilic aerobic and elective anaerobic organisms. It was discovered that the psychrotrophic microflora is quantitatively predominant in the content of mesophilic aerobic and elective anaerobic organisms of frozen fish. In fish samples, which according to biochemical parameters are related to benign fresh, psychrotrophs exceeded the number of 50.000 CFU/g in 60–70% of cases.


The suasive power of clinicians depends on the projection of certainty; with that suasive power, responsibilities to the patient have not diminished even if the clinicians' authority has. Certainty is reflected in understanding, which is more than knowledge. Understanding allows reasoning beyond the specifics of knowledge, beyond the particulars. The variation in human manifestations represents either variation or diversity. In variation, all specific instances are variations on some canonical form. Diversity holds each instance as an entity unto itself. The epistemic choice of variety as variation or diversity determines medical reasoning. Biomedical research is confronted with the same challenges. The resort is to a special form of logic and epistemology that is organic, responding to needs, and synthetic, the product of humans. This evolutionary logic embraces a necessary use of logical fallacies. Science requires these fallacies, and thus scientism is limited and cannot replace medical reasoning.


Water-soluble cis-dialkylplatinum(II) complexes cis-[PtR2L2] (L2 = 2 TPPTS, 2 THMP, DHMPE; R = Me, Et, Ph) have been prepared by ligand displacement reactions of [PtR2(1,5-COD)] with L2. They are stable in water; the diethylplatinum(II) complexes cis-[PtEt2(TPPTS)2] undergo preferential disproportionation of the ethyl groups in water, giving ethylene and ethane in 1 : 1 ratio via β-hydrogen elimination in preference to protonolysis at 80 °C. A retardation effect of added free TPPTS on the reaction rate and a deuterium labelling study suggest a mechanism involving prior dissociation of TPPTS for reversible β-hydrogen elimination.


In the Dvādasānga- buddha- vacana,there are six kinds of the narrative works in Chinese translation of Buddhist sutras. Of which,they are named ity- uktaka( 本事),jātaka( 本生),nidāna( 因 缘),avadāna( 譬喻),adbhuta- dharma( 未曾有) and vyākarana( 授记). And there are three narrative characteristics in all of these sutras.( 1) From the narrative ethics,it has a distinct Indian Buddhist colors, and in particular,it emphasized what goes around,comes around,and self- inflicted retribution concept.( 2) From the detailed,repeated and exaggerated narrative styles,these works not only prefer to use different descriptions,such as scenes,language,action,psychology,portrait and so on,but also like to repeatedly use the same or similar type of story to show the same character in the same sutra,and like to depict the supernatural person or amazing story.( 3) From the narrative structure,there are two forms,one called gallery-style,another called vine- type. The former runs through the entire Buddhist scripture,the latter is mainly used in the smaller scripture. In short,by different pathways,the above- mentioned three stylistic features had been affecting the generation and development of Chinese classical novels,such as the uses of fiction,supernatural narration,and repeated narration,all of which was closely linked with the spread of these narrative works in the Buddhist scriptures.


Results are presented of an analysis of secondary electron emission data as applied to a currently accepted model of microchannel plate behavior. It is shown that the dynodized microchannel plate model makes an invalid assumption concerning the energy distribution of emitted secondaries, so that the postulated dynodizing action cannot be inferred. Because of the effect on the energy distribution, the relevance of surface effects to microchannel plate modeling is noted.


This paper investigates the problem of source localization using a single sensor and multipath signals in a electromagnetic warfare (EW) context. Time difference of arrival (TDOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) measurements are used to localize transmitters. This approach is interesting in the sense that no a priori knowledge of scatterers is required. For this localization approach, the minimal number of components (emitters and reflectors) is determined. Attainable accuracies of our method for the different possible configurations are discussed using the Cramér-Rao lower bounds.


We present results from a search for the H i 21-cm line in absorption towards 16 bright radio sources with the 6-antenna commissioning array of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). Our targets were selected from the 2-Jy sample, a flux-limited survey of the southern radio sky with extensive multi-wavelength follow-up. Two sources were detected in H i absorption including a new detection towards the bright FRII radio galaxy PKS 0409−75 at a redshift of z = 0.674. The H i absorption line is blueshifted by ∼3300 km s−1 compared to the optical redshift of the host galaxy of PKS 0409−75 at z = 0.693. Deep optical imaging and spectroscopic follow-up with the GMOS instrument on the Gemini-South telescope reveal that the H i absorption is associated with a galaxy in front of the southern radio lobe with a stellar mass of 3.2 − 6.8 × 1011M , a star-formation rate of ∼ 1.24M yr−1 and an estimated H i column density of 2.16 × 1021 cm−2, assuming a spin temperature of Tspin = 500K and source covering factor of Cf = 0.3. Using polarisation measurements of PKS 0409−75 from the literature we estimate the magnetic field of the absorbing galaxy to be ∼ 14.5μG, consistent with field strengths observed in nearby spiral galaxies, but larger than expected for an elliptical galaxy. Results from this pilot study can inform future surveys as new wide-field telescopes allow us to search for 21-cm H i absorption towards all bright radio sources as opposed to smaller targeted samples.


The past few years have witnessed a renaissance in Jewish religious life through the formation of new spiritual communities unbound by conventional expectations about the roles and parameters of a synagogue. These new groups — led mostly by Generation Xers (born 1965-83) and Millennials (born 1983-2000) — crave spirituality, but they aren't interested in rote rules or in lightweight worship. Instead, they focus on devotional experiences that move beyond the walls of the synagogue, build community, and, perhaps most of all, create what they call an authentic connection to their traditions and to God. De-emphasizing the 20th-century themes of Holocaust memory and "Israel right or wrong," the leaders are formulating a community-based spirituality through a return to Judaism's sacred pillars of Torah, prayer, and social justice.


Trauma-informed sport programs are an emerging means to support youth who have experienced psychological trauma. Using a train-the-trainer model, which involves building the capacities of peer facilitators to train youth workers, may be a promising approach for integrating and sustaining trauma-informed sport programs in multiple community settings. In this study, community stakeholders' experiences are explored with regards to participating in a train-the-trainer model focused on disseminating trauma-informed sport programming throughout a national community youth organization. Peer facilitators with previous experience in delivering trauma-informed sport programming (n = 6; 4 female; Mage= 47.50±10.35; Range = 32-62) attended a two-day intensive training workshop hosted by two expert consultants; here, peer facilitators learned and practiced how to train others to deliver trauma-informed sport programming. The peer facilitators then hosted training workshops for youth workers at their respective sites, which were monitored and assessed by the expert consultants. Data were collected through workshop observations and interviews with consultants and peer facilitators, and then analysed using deductive-inductive thematic analysis. The interview guides and deductive analysis were informed by the theoretical domains framework. Results spanned across seven themes: (a) Identity as champions of trauma-informed sport approaches; (b) Anxiety in taking on new leadership roles; (c) Improved confidence through leadership practice; (d) Enhanced communication and instructional skills; (e) Value of feedback in peer facilitators' development; (f) Importance of maintaining clear expectations; and (g) Positive intentions to continue and expand training. Implications are discussed regarding how community organizations can improve the dissemination of trauma-informed sport programming.


type="main" xml:id="ecpa12088-abs-0001"> This paper considers variation in the effects of oil price changes on the economies of large net oil-producer and large net oil-consumer countries using a bias-corrected, least squares dummy variable approach, Granger causality tests and monthly data from May 1986 to January 2013. We find that oil prices Granger cause most macro aspects of net oil producers but not those of net oil consumers. In contrast, oil prices exert a greater influence on financial markets in net oil consumers than in net oil producers. Overall, we identify substantial differences in the responses of the macroeconomy and financial markets to oil price changes in the two groups of countries.


A comprehensive work order management system was tailored to meet the needs of Rollsource, a company that supplies custom cut paper rolls to companies specializing in highspeed web printing. The converting company needed a system that would provide accurate electronic stock tracking procedures, as well as collection of other information. Viatech Systems Inc. developed a functional specification for the system, and Peregrine Systems put together the necessary hardware and software. Stand-alone systems were developed for each of Rollsource's five plants; however, they all were connected by modem to a master computer in the corporate office. The first system was installed and tested at the home office before systems were put in the plants. The work order management system permits tracking stock from parent rolls to finished rolls. It is helping Rollsource meet its goal of shipping customer orders the same day they are received.


The effects of various grazing management systems on sown, naturalised, and native pastures were studied at 6 different locations in the temperate high rainfall zone (HRZ, >600 mm rainfall/year) of southern Australia, as part of the Sustainable Grazing Systems (SGS) Program. The treatments examined had different pasture species and fertiliser management, with grazing method ranging from set stocking (continuous grazing) to rotation with rests based on pre- and post-grazing herbage mass or season and plant phenology. Sites were located at: Albany, Western Australia; Manilla, Barraba, Nundle, New South Wales; (grazed by wethers); and Carcoar, New South Wales; Maindample, Ruffy, north-east Victoria; Vasey, western Victoria; (grazed by ewes and lambs). Grazing method significantly (P 0.05), when a growing season index (P 0.05) factors included solar radiation, annual average temperature, fertiliser applied in the current year, and average annual perennial and broadleaf percent composition. The implications of these data for productivity and sustainability (as assessed by perenniality and water use) were encouraging. Generally, there were positive relationships between increased stocking rate and the probability of achieving a zero mm soil water surplus in winter, and between increased productivity and the proportion of perennial grass species where extremes of treatments were compared at each site. The results indicate that stocking rate can be increased without jeopardising sustainability, that grazing management can bring about more sustainable pastures, that there is scope to increase productivity particularly through increasing soil fertility, and growing season length can be used to predict potential carrying capacity. These are positive outcomes that graziers in the HRZ of southern Australia can use to enhance productivity (thus profitability) and sustainability.


Language style in a poem is not only useful as a function of beauty, but also a means to communicate an event. Diction or word choice is raised to present a hidden beauty. This study aims to describe the form of language style that is present in the poem "Sumpah Abadi" by Dee Lestari. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The technique used in data collection is observation, reading notes and literature study. The results showed that the poem "Sumpah Abadi" displays a number of language styles including language style based on word choice, language style based on tone, language style based on sentence structure, language style based on direct or indirect meaning.


To achieve automatic operation of a powered orthosis-aided gait or functional electrical stimulation-based walking restoration, accurate estimation of the leg angles is of utmost importance. Various phases of walking last for a short duration of time; thus, an accurate estimator is required with a fast convergence rate. To overcome this challenge, this paper presents a discrete-time nonlinear estimation algorithm to estimate lower-limb angles during an orthosis-aided walking. To this end, we use measurements from 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) inertial measurement units (IMUs) to estimate the lower limb angles. The estimator is based on a state-dependent coefficient (SDC) linearization or extended linearization of the nonlinear functions. A combination of multiple discrete SDCs is used to compute an optimal gain of the nonlinear estimator based on uncertainty minimization criteria. The nonlinear estimator is robust to uncertainties in system modeling and sensor noise/bias from the IMUs. Monte Carlo simulation studies reveal that the estimator outperforms widely used discrete-time extended Kalman (EKF) filter with respect to average root-mean squared estimation error (RMSE) criteria.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Description. Spanning trees of graphs are a fundamental concept in algorithmics. In a connected graph G, each spanning tree of G can be seen as a "backbone" of G that ensures connectedness. Within the vast area of graph algorithms, spanning trees have many applications – and these applications may require different classes of spanning trees. One such class is comprised of so-called low-stretch spanning trees. Roughly speaking, if one reduces a graph to a low-stretch spanning tree, the detour one has to make to reach a vertex v from some source vertex s via tree edges only is guaranteed to be small. This has not only applications in shortest paths but also in many other areas such as linear systems and network centrality measures.


The antibiotic resistance and susceptibility profil es of some bacterial isolates including Listeria monocytogenes, Erwinia stewartii, Legionel la pneumophilia, Carnobacterium gallinarum, Staphylococcus caseolyticus, Enterobact er dissolves, Pseudomonas mallei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas media and Lactobaci llus sp. were determined using some broad and narrow spectrum antibioticsby the disk di ffusion technique. Based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) interpret ive criteria, some isolates were found to be resistant to some of the tested antibiotics but sus ceptible to others. Among the Gram-positive bacterial isolates, Lactobacillus specie had the hi g est susceptibility profile with the zone of clearance ranging from 28 30 ± 8 mm in diameter. However, among the Gram-negative bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas mallei, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Aeromonas media were susceptible to all tested antibiotics, with 30mm ± 0 mm zones of clearance. CLSI standards were used to interpret results; while Lactobacillus sp. was the most susceptible isolate, Erwinia stewartii was resistant to all the test antibiotics except ceporex.


Social media as a means of communication plays a role in building a new paradigm of disaster. One of the social media users for hydrometeorological disaster communication is a shallot farmer in Parangtritis Village, Kretek Subdistrict, Bantul District, Yogyakarta Special Region. This study aims to determine the role of social media as a means of communication for hydrometeorological disasters in shallot farming activities. The design of this research is descriptive quantitative research. The research was carried out from April to October 2021 by taking the location of shallot farmers in Parangtritis Village, Kretek Subdistrict, Bantul District, Yogyakarta Special Region. The research sample was determined by a quota of 50 respondents. Research data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data that has been collected is then processed and analyzed descriptively. The results of this study show that: (1) The respondents' ownership of gadgets is 84%. Of all respondents who have gadgets, 71.4% of respondents have an internet connection. (2) All respondents stated that ownership of gadgets and internet connection is useful in hydrometeorological disaster information. (3) All respondents who have gadgets and internet connections have facebook and whatsapp social media accounts. (4) The role of ownership of social media accounts is as a means of exchanging information on hydrometeorological disasters, namely information related to shallot farming activities (seedlings, soil processing, fertilizers, pest eradication, harvesting, etc.) and information on the threat of hydrometeorological disasters on shallot farming, such as floods and extreme weather. The existence of social media is able to have a positive impact on shallot farmers, especially in adapting to existing weather conditions with strategies to change crop variations, change cropping patterns, change planting periods, and change irrigation systems, thereby helping harvest success.


In the competitive market for large-scale storage solutions the current main disk storage system at CERN EOS has been showing its excellence in the multi-Petabyte high-concurrency regime. It has also shown a disruptive potential in powering the service in providing sync and share capabilities and in supporting innovative analysis environments along the storage of LHC data. EOS has also generated interest as generic storage solution ranging from university systems to very large installations for non-HEP applications.


Nectiopodan remipedes have two distinct pairs ofgonopores. The previously recognized pore on the fourteenth limb is that of the male system. Another gonopore, located on the seventh trunk limb, is associated with the female system. It occurs on the posterior side of the seventh protopod. In the adults of Lasionectes entrichoma the female gonopore complex consists of a semicircular chitinous ridge and a discoidal soft pad that is partly encircled by the ridge. The actual gonopore is in a trough located between the pad and the ridge. The internal location of the gonads and gonoducts in nectiopodans is now known at least in broad outline.


Tingzikou hydropower station is located at 15 km place of upstream of Cangxi County in Sichuan Province,which is the only water control hydraulic engineering in cascade development of Jialing River.At present,the station has already started its construction.The water surface of Jialing River will be uplifted about 80 m,and the backwater in reservoir will up to Guangyuan city and the length of it including main stream and branch is about 283.5 km when the station has been finished.20 year flood level is used as submerged line,area below this water level is submerged area;above the water level there are a thousand households distribution in a certain range,how many people will be affected by bank collapse is a major event to reservoir resettlement.Engineering geological analogy has been adopted for bank slump prediction.It is found that only 82 households will be affected by bank slump by the analysis on characteristic water level and slump prediction in different water level,it had no influence on people who's in the tail of the reservoir,and bank slump in the reservoir area was solved very well.


An early defeat and a year-old victory have put energy and urgency into the effort by American trade unionists to launch what AFL-CIO president Richard Trumka has declared a "new strategic initiative." The 2010 defeat in Barack Obama's first term of the Employee Free Choice Act, the "card check" membership sign-up law, derailed labor hopes for a new era of organization and membership growth, especially among the tens of millions of low-wage workers who are employed in the retail, hotel, health care, and warehouse industries. But then came the re-election of Obama. Despite high unemployment, a weak economy, and a noticeable lack of enthusiasm on the part of some of his partisans, including many in the trade union movement, the president pulled off a victory that, by way of contrast, seemed far more like a vindication of social policy liberalism than had been put forward in Bill Clinton's 1996 campaign.


Mossy forest is a unique type of vegetation that occurs in montane areas. Such areas are characterized by the appearance of mosses growing on virtually all surface areas. Due to the scarcity and sensitive condition of the area, wildlife studies are limited and up to date there is no information on the diversity and abundance of bats in mossy forests locally. Hence, bats diversity survey was conducted using l0 mist nets. A total of 8 individuals consisting of 5 species of bats were captured throughout 23 trapping nights. The low capture rate and diversity of bats was probably because of the loss of habitat around the mossy forest. The mossy forest is beside a 2 hectare logged over forest and surrounded by tea plantations. Currently, the 2 hectare logged over forest is being reforested and managed by Regional Environmental Awareness Cameron Highlands (R.E.A.C.H) as the society's Biodiversity Centre and it is hoped that more surveys are done to gain more information on the biodiversity in this sensitive area.


Falling of the elderly has become a growing concern of the community due to the increase of the ageing population and the serious consequences caused by falling. Devising a fall detection system that is not only highly accurate and reliable, but energy efficient and durable is a challenge. In this paper, we proposed an energy efficient fall detection algorithm based on segmented sampling rates. Most of the time, the algorithm uses a low sampling rate to minimise the energy consumption, but a higher sampling rate when a possible fall is sensed. This unique design helps to increase the fall detection accuracy, while reducing the total energy consumption. Results of comprehensive performance evaluation show that the accuracy rate of the proposed fall detection algorithm is 98.33%, meanwhile, the system can save energy by 9.13% comparing to other algorithms running with a high sampling rate without an energy efficient strategy.


Patients treated at room Irina A Down BLU Dr Prof. Dr.R. D. Kandou Manado in July amounted to 26 people on average monthly incidence of fractures is feeling the impact of pain experienced by the patient. Distraction is one alternative to reduce pain. Based on the initial survey 3 of 5 nurses interviewed have not implemented such measures. The purpose of this study is to get an overview of the implementation of the method of distraction on pain management of patients with fractures were performed by Irina A nurse in the department of Prof. BLU Down Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. This type of research is descriptive observasif on 23 Irina A nurse in the department of Prof. BLU Down Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Variables observed that the implementation of the distraction of pain in patients with fractures were performed by nurses. Data processed by tabulating the frequency and presented in tabular form. The results showed that nurses who perform the method of distraction pain in patients with fractures performed by nurses that as many as 18 respondents (78.3%). The conclusion that the majority of nurses are already doing the method of distraction in the treatment of pain in patients with fractures. Suggestions implementation continues and distraction techniques can be combined with other nonpharmacological techniques and supported by the provision of media for implementation of distraction methods such as books, pictures, etc


The magnetron sputtering method has been used for fabricating YBa2Cu3O7−y superconducting thin films. Their critical current and superconducting phase with relation to temperature have been investigated. Experimental results show, for some samples, the proportionality between critical current Ic and temperature as (1−T/Tc)3/2 in the vicinity of Tc and the typical proximity tunneling effect. While at temperatures much lower than Tc, the current‐temperature relation corresponds well with the Ambegaokar–Baratoff theory.


Abstract Space representation methods as described by Bruno Zevi in "Architecture as space" are still valid today. Projections, elevations, models, photos and films are commonly used and all of them define the space in a specific way, yet none defines it completely. The development of IT technologies caused emergence of new methods which shape the picture of today's architecture. Originally, a conventional technical drawing was adapted to the computer environment, but it was the 3D technology that revolutionized spatial representation, by restoring priority to the three-dimensional aspect of reality. Models allow us to explore the virtual reality, which is a huge progress in spatial representation. Thanks to advanced software, buildings of complex structure are formed, bearing testimony of their times – times of IT technologies. A flawless spatial representation method that perhaps will be known in the future should satisfy multi-plane needs of the observer, who experiences the represented space with all senses and impacts it as well.


The coupling of carbene complexes and 2-alkynylbenzaldehyde derivatives has been examined for systems where the alkyne is further linked to an alkene. This reaction proceeds via generation of an isobenzofuran followed by a stereoselective intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, followed by opening of the resulting oxanorbomene ring. A variety ofhydrophenanthrene derivatives and heterocyclic analogues have been produced in this reaction. In one case the intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction is a competing process.


Storytelling is a long-standing tradition in US public and school libraries. Storytelling, not to be confused with story reading, involves telling a story from memory without the aid of a book or written script. Some tellers memorize their stories; others memorize the characters and events and freely tell their stories, varying them with each telling.


The first-stage target of The Kyoto Protocol is that the developed countries should decrease their greenhouse gas discharging,but we can see that they have fulfill their commitment required by the protocol by comparing the greenhouse gas discharging levels of the main developed countries between 2004 and 1990.At the same time,the greenhouse gas discharging of developing countries increased rapidly,so global climate environment circumstance is severe.Data analysis shows that the development of world economy is Granger' cause of greenhouse gas increasing.It is very difficult to reach the UNDP environment target of carbon budget for the 21st century under the macro-background under which every country in the world makes great efforts on economic growth nowadays.


The integral equation for the current on a folded dipole is reduced to a matrix equation by the Galerkin method. The resulting current distribution allows the input impedance 'step-up' to be deduced, and also the variation in input admittance with frequency to be examined.


With the black hole mass function (BHMF; assuming an exponential cutoff at a mass of $\sim 40\,M_\odot$) of coalescing binary black hole systems constructed with the events detected in the O1 run of the advanced LIGO/Virgo network, Liang et al.(2017) predicted that the birth of the lightest intermediate mass black holes (LIMBHs; with a final mass of $\gtrsim 100\,M_\odot$) is very likely to be caught by the advanced LIGO/Virgo detectors in their O3 run. The O1 and O2 observation run data, however, strongly favor a cutoff of the BHMF much sharper than the exponential one. In this work we show that a power-law function followed by a sudden drop at $\sim 40\,M_\odot$ by a factor of $\sim $a few tens and then a new power-law component extending to $\geq 100M_\odot$ are consistent with the O1 and O2 observation run data. With this new BHMF, quite a few LIMBH events can be detected in the O3 observation run of advanced LIGO/Virgo. The first LIMBH born in GW190521, an event detected in the early stage of the O3 run of advanced LIGO/Virgo network, provides additional motivation for our hypothesis.


PACAP 27-derived peptide RP2 which can promote promote the epithelial cell proliferation is efficiently producted by genetic engineering and be used to study its effects on corneal epithelial cells,which can provide an experimental basis for the treatment for corneal injury. Recombinant peptide RP2 was expressed by genetic recombinant technology after the prokaryotic expression, purification by Chitin-Beads column, and producted,analyzed、identification by HPLC,SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry,then its effects on mouse corneal proliferation were studied. Experimental results showed that the molecular weight of RP2 is 3. 3 k Da. and the purity is 96%. Mouse corneal epithelial cells were respectively treated with recombinant peptide RP2、PACAP 27 and PBS for 24 h and 48 h,The proliferation rate of mouse corneal epithelial cells treated with recombinant peptide RP2,is( 49. 6 ± 3. 1) % and( 93. 0 ± 1. 7) %,the PACAP 27 group is( 29. 0 ± 2. 4) % and( 78. 8 ± 2. 6) %,while the PBS group is( 20. 2 ± 1. 1) % and( 40. 9 ± 3. 3) %. Therefore,the producted recombinant peptide RP2 can significantly stimulate corneal epithelial cell proliferation,so it will likely to become a new candidate drug for corneal injury.