Abstract : An experimental and theoretical study of the axial compressive strengths of high performance polymer fibers is undertaken. Compressive failure of these fibers manifests itself as kink band formation. Techniques permitting the application of small, measurable axial compressive strains to initiate kink banding in fine fibers are introduced. Tensile tests of compressively kinked poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fibers reveal only a 10% loss in tensile strength after application of compressive strains much greater than the critical strain required for kink band initiation. The concepts of compressive failure due to elastic microbuckling instabilities in axially compressed extended-chain polymers is proposed. Highly oriented polymer fibers are treated as a laterally interacting collection of fully extended chains. The critical stress required to buckle this collection of chains is calculated to be equal to the minimum longitudinal shear modulus of the fiber. This critical compressive strength is used as a prediction of the limiting value of fiber compressive strength. An excellent linear correlation between axial compressive strength and torsion modulus is measured for four extended-chain polymer fibers and for a graphite fiber. These fibers exhibit compressive strengths equal to approximately one-third of their respective torsion moduli. The relationship between torsion strains and axial normal strains in high performance polymer fibers is also investigated.


We both knew and loved David Bayley for almost 50 years. Throughout that time he was recognised as the world's leading international comparative policing scholar. Since his death many tributes from...


THIS INFORMATIVE resource will help students and nurses understand the essentials of anaesthetic procedures. The author, who is associate professor of anaesthesiology and critical care at the University of Pittsburgh's school of medicine, explains medical terminology and risk assessments, and compares general and regional anaesthesia. He also offers advice and reassurance to patients who need anaesthesia.


Objective: Investigate and describe the production, collection and disposal of residues of health services (RHS) and characterize the exposure of Oncology staff from Cape Verde Hospital. Method: A descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative methodology, using semi-structured questionnaire, chek list and on-site observations to investigate the situation of the solid health waste handling and its risks. The participants in this study were professionals from a hospital who handle solid chemotherapy waste, in total 50 participants. Results: The data point to the lack of training of professionals exposing them to risks of occupational accidents, inadequate handling of RHS in the oncology outpatient clinic and to serious socio-environmental risks. Conclusion: Professionals, patients, general population and the environment are exposed to risks because of lack of training and an appropriate management plan of RHS. Research Article Citation: Ramos MI, Patrício KP. Handling of Solid Waste of Health and Its Risks: Ambulatory of Oncology. J Med Clin Res & Rev. 2017; 1(2): 1-5.


Indian coals have high percentage of ash content. Bigger sizes are crushed into smaller ones and fed for washing. The main air pollution problem due to washery project is the dust, which is more acute than any other coal processing industry. It is, therefore, essential to pay attention to assess the impact on air environment due to washery activities. Air pollution problem in the washery in question was due to the superimposition of pollutants from the washery and a thermal power plant (TPP). To evaluate the actual contribution of air pollutants by washery and thermal power plant factal analysis techniques were adopted. Approach to the selection of air monitoring stations for factal analysis and methods adopted for air quality survey have been described. Three season data were generated and the status of air pollution has been evaluated. The data were critically analysed on the basis of changes in wind directions at different seasons, the proportion of ash and volatile matter in washery dust and TPP fly ash, and microscopic examination of the SPM by identification of black dust from the coal washery and whitish gray dust from power plant. From the data results the actual contribution of pollutants by the washery and thermal power plant were evaluated. The results obtained by different techniques were found to be comparable.


Current peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing applications are remarkably simple and robust, but their inefficiency can produce very high network loads. The use of super-peers has been proposed to improve the performance of unstructured P2P systems. These have the potential to approach the performance and scalability of structured systems, while retaining the benefits of unstructured P2P systems. There has, however, been little consensus on the best topology for connecting these super-peers, or how to construct the topology in a distributed, robust way. In this paper we propose a scalable unstructured P2P system (SUPS). The unique aspect of SUPS is a protocol for the distributed construction of a super-peer topology that has highly desirable performance characteristics. The protocol is inspired by the theory of random graphs. We describe the protocol, and demonstrate experimentally that it produces a balanced and low-diameter super-peer topology at low cost. We show that the method is very robust to super-peer failures and inconsistent information, and compare it with other approaches.


The main aim of our research was to define the most important things for people in terms of their safety at work. Also, we wanted to find out why the same measures of safety improvement were effective at one enterprise, but could led to the opposite result and would not be supported by the staff at another one. In other words, our goal was to formulate and list success factors of safety culture that could help both a country and an enterprise to avoid big expenditures related to occupational incident and accidents, as well as to save qualified stuff, and most importantly, people's health and lives.


The synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of two novel benzodiazepine derivatives are described. The compounds were synthesized divergently from the key amino alcohol 5, which was realized using the unusual Weinreb-enamino ketone 10. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).


First-principles calculations of 17O quadrupolar and chemical shift NMR parameters were performed using CASTEP, a density functional theory (DFT) code, to try and interpret high-resolution 17O NMR spectra of the humite group minerals hydroxyl-chondrodite (2Mg2SiO4·Mg(OH)2) and hydroxyl-clinohumite (4Mg2SiO4·Mg(OH)2), which are models for the incorporation of water within the Earth's upper mantle. The structures of these humite minerals contain two possible crystallographically inequivalent H sites with 50% occupancy. Isotropic 17O multiple-quantum magic angle spinning (MQMAS) spectra were therefore simulated using the calculated 17O NMR parameters and assuming either a static or dynamic model for the positional disorder of the H atoms. Only the dynamic disorder model provided simulated spectra that agree with experimental 17O MQMAS spectra of hydroxyl-chondrodite and hydroxyl-clinohumite. Previously published 17O satellite-transition magic angle spinning (STMAS) spectra of these minerals showed significan...


Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is when a patient who received mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours develops pneumonia. According to the literature, the prevalence rate of VAP in patients experiencing mechanical ventilation is 9%–68%, its resulting mortality is 30%–70%, it also extends hospital and ICU stay by 6–7 days, raises healthcare costs by $40,000 per patient. VAP is a serious complication in the critically ill one factor causing VAP is an aspiration of oral colonization which may result from poor oral hygiene care. Oral hygiene care using either a mouth rinse or with help of forceps and gauze or combination together with the aspiration of secretion can reduce the risk of VAP in these critically ill patients.

 The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of strengthening oral hygiene practices and develop cost-effective and easy to use protocols of oral hygiene for ventilator-dependent patients. This study is an observational study conducted in all intensive care unit at tertiary care hospital, 41 bedded inpatient critical care area including high dependency unit (HDU)/coronary care unit (CCU), medical intensive care unit (MICU), surgical intensive care unit (SICU), neonate intensive care unit (NICU) and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Approximately 500 patients were admitted monthly to the intensive care unit. All ventilated patients admitted to the intensive care unit are included. Intervention is done in three phases: firstly, VAP device-associated infection (DAI's) surveillance initiated according to the CDC guideline. HAI's surveillance was done on daily basis. Secondly, educate staff regarding DAI's surveillance, VAP bundle, Oral care and suction technique of ventilated patient). Ongoing training and hands-on practice on mannequin and also perform sign-off on the patient first under supervision of Nurse instructor and infection control officers. Finally, VAP bundle was initiated which include elevation of head, daily sedation vacation, and assessment of readiness to extubate, daily oral hygiene care, and assessment of stress ulcer and deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis.

 Before implementation, we just calculate all pneumonia rates together not using proper guidelines. But after we follow CDC guideline for DAI's surveillance, we trained more than 50% of critical care staff out of 93 staffs, and 90% to 95% compliance of using chlorhexidine gluconate for oral care at least per shift and also as per patient needed observed in ventilated patients.

 The implementation of these changes in practices along with using chlorhexidine gluconate products has made it possible to achieve goal and staff perform work according to the best practice guideline. Oral care hygiene using chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) as an element of the ventilator bundle is supposed to decontaminate the mouth, avoid aspiration of contaminated secretion into the respiratory tract and prevent VAP.


Frequency doubling of multimode diode-pumped graded-index fiber lasers generating high-quality (M2=2–2.5) beam at 954 and 976 nm is studied. Efficient generation in PPLN crystals of second harmonics at 477 and 488 nm has been demonstrated.


Forest management is inherently a multiple-objective decision making process. Timber production, recreation, wildlife habitat and watershed protection are some of the many uses of forests. Providing the public with an optimal bundle of timber and nontimber benefits is challenging because many of these benefits conflict. Modeling the conflicting objectives, quantifying the trade-offs between them, and identifying efficient management alternatives can facilitate consensus between the stakeholders that represent the various forest uses. Spatially-explicit harvest scheduling provides an excellent modeling environment for such analyses. This work evaluates several existing and one proposed multi-criteria mathematical programming techniques as applied to a two-, then to a three-objective spatially-explicit forest planning problem. The objectives of these models were (1) to maximize the net revenues of the forest, (2) to maximize the minimum amount of mature forest habitat in large patches that evolve across the landscape and over time given various harvest schedules, and (3), in the three-objective model, to minimize the perimeter of these patches. The comparison criteria were the number of efficient alternatives found, the time to find them, the ability of the user to filter the alternatives, and the potential of the techniques to handle n-objective problems. In both the twoand the three-objective case, the proposed Alpha-Delta and the traditional Weighted Method showed promising computational performance. It is recommended that these two methods should be employed in concert to make full use of their respective advantages.


One hundred and four nutritional, morphological, and acriflavine-resistant mutants were produced in a strain of Penicillium expansum isolated from an infected apple. Nutritional mutants were induce...


The subject of this essay is the regulation in Chapter 6, 13th article of the BrB, which stipulates that even those who did not realise, but had reasonable reason to assume that a child is minor age, shall be sentenced to liability. The responsibility for sexual offences generally requires that the offender is intentional in relation to the fact that a child is underage, but Chapter 6, 13th article of the BrB is an exception to this. This provision is aimed both as a way of protecting children from sexual acts, and for protecting suspects from being sentenced without proof of intent or negligence in relation to the child's age while upholding the suspects right to a foreseeable legislation. Following the government's bill in SOU 2016: 42, which proposes that Chapter 6, 13th article of the BrB is to be reformed, this essay aims to investigate the need for a change of provision from a legal certainty perspective, and from a legal security perspective. In a good rule of law, the legal certainty of the accused is a fundamental right, and means that the rule of law must consist of rules that are foreseeable and applied in a uniform manner. At the same time, the public, in this case the children, must be assured of a legal certainty in the form of effective prosecution of offenders.

Children under the age of 15 can not consent to sexual acts, which means that the person who commits a sexual act with a child under the age of 15 has committed a sexual offence against a child. Certain actions with children over the age of 15 but under 18 years are also punishable, even though children over the age of 15 have reached the age of sexual self-determination. The provision in Chapter 6, 13th article of the BrB is applied in relation to all sexual offences against children and is of great importance to whether an offence is punishable or not. However, the rule has not been changed since 1962 and nor have the Supreme Court clarified it. The rule has been noted and criticised by both public and prominent lawyers, particularly in connection with detention sentences. It has been suggested from various sources that the law needs to change, in order to prevent children's right to protection from being eroded. The hope of this paper is to clarify the legal situation and suggest improvements to increase legal certainty and legal security. In order to give the presentation a more dynamic appearance, opinions from practitioners are reproduced in the text.

The analysis finds that the text and the preliminary work provide small guidance for the application of Chapter 6, 13th article of the BrB. It is only apparent that the child's physical development and circumstances must be taken into account. The interpretation has thus been handed over to the courts, which has resulted in that the legal application has neither been uniform nor foreseeable. This means that there are legal uncertainties. In addition, there are several probabilities associated with the assessment of the child's development, which means that an objection that the perpetrator thought the child was older may not be able to be disproved. This makes inefficient prosecution and legal security is compromised. The provision is therefore in need of a change. It is stated that responsibility for addressing the problem should be on the legislator and that it is therefore good that the provision has recently been investigated. The bill is judged to improve legal certainty and legal security, but is not considered to adequately assess problems. A number of as- sessment questions remains, relating to the child's body development. In order to further tighten the legislation, it is proposed that a strict liability with a so-called good-faith defence should be introduced for children under 13 years, while a negligence liability should apply to children under 18 years.


Organized within the framework of the COPEDEC 2016 Conference, the workshop targets regional and international experts and decision makers from Latin American countries which share significant inland waterway networks. The workshop builds upon a series of previous events organized by PIANC, such as the Smart Rivers Conference (Buenos Aires, 2015), as well as ECLAC's work on inland shipping in South America and the results of the ECLAC international seminar on River Mobility in Amazonia held in Quito in May 2016.


. The nervous system of the benthic freshwater rotifer, Notommata copeus, was examined using antibody probes, epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and digital imaging to highlight similarities with other monogonont rotifers. Immunoreactivity to anti-FMRFamide (Phe–Met–Arg–Phe–NH2), -SCPb (small cardioactive peptide b), and -serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) was present in the central, peripheral, and stomatogastric nervous system. Specifically, anti-FMRFamide and -SCPb staining was abundant in perikarya and neurites of the cerebral ganglion, ventrolateral nerve cords, and mastax. In addition, a single loop-like neurite was present in between the nerve cords at the posterior end of the body. Serotonergic neurites were also abundant, and highlighted several cerebral pathways that included connections to the nerve cords and possibly the mastax. Novel neural pathways were also present in the posterior trunk region, where serotonergic neurites innervated the foot and lateral body wall. The results presented herein also highlight the utility of 3D visualization software to gain further insights into the organization and architecture of the rotifer cerebral ganglion.


This paper describes the elaboration of a computational environment that allows the comparison between the centralized model of planning and auction models for the operation of hydrothermal power systems. This environment will be used to add computational intelligence methods to the strategies of the agents (hydroelectric, thermoelectric, distributors) in the auction environment and later enable the verification of market behavior regarding energy price and the risk of deficit in periods low river inflow.


The aim of this research is to appreciate geometry as an art generating principle. As we know, it was the reinvention of perspective that achieve the conquest of pictorial space in Renaissance painting. Such enterprise emerged from Brunelleschi's experiments, Masaccio's Trinita, and Alberti's Della Pittura treatise. About two decades later, Andrea Castagno began painting a fresco in the Saint Apollonia convent; thus depicting a perspective Last Supper, endowing it with an illusionist effect. Our objective is to propose a hypothesis about its perspective outlining, since no evidence that unveils its secret can be found (if there ever was any).


The generation oi kilovolt electrical signals by photoconductive switches (PCS) is a well established technique.1 In addition to being compact, the advantages of the PCS over more conventional switches include faster speeds, lower jitter, and, in certain cases, higher repetition rates. PCSs have previously been employed in the activation of Pockels cells2 for gating and for shaping laser pulses.3 However, PCSs have not been widely used for controlling intracavity Pockels cells. In this paper, we describe the use of a Pockels cell that is controlled by two PCSs and report on experiments that demonstrate the flexibility resulting from the use of more than one PCS. The switches used for this experiment were high voltage silicon junctions operating in the linear mode in a low impedance (few Ω) unmatched transmission line structure.


The purpose of this research was 1) described the awards in a novel Kapten Bhukal The Battle of Alas Tua based on maksim award, 2) described character education in a novel Kapten Bhukal The Battle of Alas Tua, and 3) implement maksim the prize in Kapten Bhukal The Battle of Alas Tua as material learning the indonesian language. Data collection in this study used technique note. The method of analysis of data used the method padan. The object of this research is maxims award and character education in novels captain bhukal the battle of old pedestal. The analysis of the research is 43 maxims award consisting of 15 maxims recognition for greatness, the 11 maxims of intelligence, 7 maxims respect for courage, 4 maxims recognition for wisdom, 3 maxims recognition for good, 1 maxims recognition for toughness, 1 maxims recognition for beauty, and 1 maxims recognition for success. And there are 14 data character education consisting of 2 character education and unity, 2 character education hard work, 1 independent character education, 1 character education tolerance, 2 character education appreciate achievement, 1 caring environment character education, 3 3 friendly character education, and implement maksim recognition for learning the indonesian language contained in kd 4.10 class X.


The following theorem is obtained: A function 9 which associates to relations Rx,--,Rh over A an n-ary relation S over the same set is of the form &9 for a formula of characteristic (k,p) iff we have: if 2C = <A, Rt , • • •, J?n>, 21' = <A\ R[ , • • •, R'h> and if f: A0 S A-* A'o C A' is a (A, ̂ -isomorphism from 21 to 21' then / is an isomorphism of 9(Rt, • • •, Rh) (restricted to A0) to &(R'X ,••• ,R*) (restricted to A'0). The various characterizations of (k, ̂ -isomorphisms and (k, p)-operators open the way to a multitude of applications. First among these is a mathematical criterion for the elementary equivalence of two relational structures: (21, « i , • ••, an) s &\ "[, • • •, a'n) iff f:f{at) = a[ (i = 1, 2, • • •, n) is a (A:, p)-isomorphism for all k, p. (Remark: This result was obtained later in different fashions by Ehrenfeucht, see review below, by Mycielski, and by the reviewer.) Other applications are new proofs of the basic results of the theory of models (LowenheimSkolem theorem, compactness theorem, etc.) as well as some more special results on the elementary theory of the linear ordering relations and ordinal arithmetic; a resume of these results appears at the end of the paper in the Zeitschrift. Another result anticipates partially the well-known work of Jdnsson, Morley, and Vaught on universal and homogeneous structures. The following is shown: (i) If 21 = (A, K> is homogeneous then 21 is N0-universal for the universal class generated by 21. (ii) A class K of relational structures has a unique finite or denumerable homogeneous element which generates K iff the class K satisfies the finite amalgamation property (for any two finite structures 21, 23 « K with a common restriction $> there is a <£ t K and isomorphic embeddings of 21, 23 into £ such that the square


America's changing face is well illustrated in the history of AACC'sFlorida Section.There were majorpopulation shifts in Florida because of several factors. Among these were tourism, agricultural and industrial development duringthefiftiesand sixties, and, morerecently,after Castro's revolutionin Cuba,the immigrationof hundreds of thousandsofCubans,mostlyto southern Florida. Theseunsettlingchanges contributed to an unusually rapidincrease in the numbers of, and "turnover"among,clinicalchemists, making records difficultto uncover.


Postoperative infection constitutes one of the most common preventable complications for surgical patients. The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) outlines 3 measures that focus on infection prevention. This report examined data from 2 infection prevention (INF) measures at the University of Kansas Hospital. The measures recorded were the percentage of times that a surgical patient receives prophylactic antimicrobials within an hour prior to incision (INF-1) and the percentage of times that appropriate antibiotics were selected (INF-2). The investigators assessed the impact of implementation of a surgery prophylactic antibiotic order form on these measures. The study revealed that overall compliance with INF-1 between the fourth quarter of 2006 and the first quarter of 2009 was 94.1%, whereas compliance with INF-2 over the same period was 98%. Both figures were above the benchmark compliance rate (90%) established by SCIP. However, although variability in antibiotic ordering was greatly reduced through the process, high variability continued to be observed for INF-1. The authors describe how the hospital determined that the lack of a coordinated system could lead to inappropriately timed infusions, which could lead to adverse events, and as such decided to implement a multidisciplinary approach that enlisted multiple departments to participate in surgical patient prophylaxis. Their results showed that by encouraging several different departments to play important roles in the process, the hospital was not only able to decrease clinical variability and decrease costs of care but also to maintain compliance with nationally established standards, such as SCIP, that govern patient care.


Learning portals are education-oriented Web portals, which provide access to a variety of educational material, usually coming from various sources. In order to explore how they can support their users during an educational activity (e.g. preparation of teaching a course), it would be interesting to study the behavior of their visitors, focusing on the particular context in which specific actions are taking place. For example, user activities may be analyzed during specific learning events, when activities are more focused. This paper discusses the case study of the Organic.Edunet Web portal (www.organic-edunet.eu), a learning portal for organic agriculture educators that provides access to more than 10,500 learning resources from a federation of 11 institutional repositories. The portal mostly focuses on serving school teachers and university tutors and has attracted until today almost 42.200 unique visitors from more than 160 countries, out of which about 2.600 have registered to the portal. An effort is made to study the users' behavior, focusing in tutors and educators in both schools and universities, in relation to specific training events in which we know that they have been involved. Therefore, we analyze logs of user activities that took place on specific dates and geographical locations, in order to potentially identify notable changes in their normal visiting behavior.


The need for increasing the efficiency of energy production systems and harnessing renewable resources of energy has necessitated an increase in efficiency of all the components involved in a power generation system. The transfer of heat from the resource to the motive/working fluid is accomplished by heat exchangers. The heat exchangers have a major role to play in both the economics and operational performance of a power plant in the form of being a major part of capital cost and having a bearing on performance and efficiency of entire plant. A better understanding of the functioning of heat exchangers will translate directly into increasing the efficiency of entire power plant and reducing initial and maintenance costs, by providing us correctly sized heat exchangers with higher thermal performance without compromising on pressure drop aspect. In this project, the endeavour is to seek & validate (with modifications, if required) heat transfer models for an accurate description/analysis of heat transfer process occurring in heat exchangers (HEs) of common types (viz. plate, shell and tube) and then validate them against both CFD and experimental data, so as to lend credence to both the CFD simulations and also the theoretical model(s) (selected ones).


The author presents the so-called Ciclo do Recife (Recife Cycle), a period generally comprised between 1923 and 1931, which was marked by intensive cinematog...


Introduction: In radiotherapy treatment planning system (TPS), basic input is the data from computed tomography (CT) scan, which takes into account the effect of inhomogeneities in dose calculations. Measurement of CT numbers may be affected by scanner-specific parameters. Therefore, it is important to verify the effect of different CT scanning protocols on Hounsfield unit (HU) and its impact on dose calculation. This study was carried out to analyse the effect of different tube voltages on HU for various tissue substitutes in phantom and their dosimetric impact on dose calculation in TPS due to variation in HU–relative electron density (RED) calibration curves. Materials and Methods: HU for different density materials was obtained from CT images of the phantom acquired at various tube voltages. HU-RED calibration curves were drawn from CT images with various tissue substitutes acquired at different tube voltages used to quantify the error in dose calculation for different algorithms. Doses were calculated on CT images acquired at 120 kVp and by applying CT number to RED curve obtained from 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp voltages. Results: No significant variation was observed in HU of different density materials for various kVp values. Doses calculated with applying different HU-RED calibration curves were well within 1%. Conclusion: Variation in doses calculated by algorithms with various HU-RED calibration curves was found to be well within 1%. Therefore, it can be concluded that clinical practice of using the standard HU-RED calibration curve by a 120 kVp CT acquisition technique is viable.


Particle Accelerators: An Introduction (C Zhang) A Guided Survey of Synchrotron Radiation Sources (H O Moser) Transverse Beam Dynamics: Linear Optics (Q Qin) Transverse Beam Dynamics: Closed Orbit Correction and Injection (C-C Kuo) Transverse Beam Dynamics: Dynamic Aperture (Q Qin) Longitudinal Beam Dynamics -- Energy Oscillation in an Electron Storage Ring (Y Jin) Photoinjectors (B-Z Ilan) Synchrotron Radiation (C T Lee) Lattice Design for Synchrotron Radiation Source Storage Rings (Y Jin) Spallation Neutron Source and Other High Intensity Proton Sources (W Chou) RF Electron Linac and Microton (S-H Wang) Collective Beam Effects in Storage Rings (Z Guo) Designing Superconducting Cavities for Accelerators (H Padamsee) Accelerator Magnets: Dipole, Quadrupole and Sextupole (C S Hwang) Emittance and Cooling (C T Lee) RF Systems for Light Source Storage Rings (Z T Zhao) Vacuum System (J R Chen) RFQ Design and Performance (J Fang) Insertion Devices: Wigglers and Undulators (C S Hwang) Medical and Industrial Applications of Electron Accelerators (Y Lin) High Gain Free Electron Lasers (L H Yu) Proton Therapy: Accelerator Aspects and Procedures (H-U Klein & D Krischel) Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation Applications (H O Moser et al.)


Increasingly, users access online services such as email, e-commerce, and social networking sites via 802.11-based wireless networks. As they do so, they expose a range of personal information such as their names, email addresses, and ZIP codes to anyone within broadcast range of the network. This paper presents results from an exploratory study that examined how users from the general public understand Wi-Fi, what their concerns are related to Wi-Fi use, and which practices they follow to counter perceived threats. Our results reveal that while users understand the practical details of Wi-Fi use reasonably well, they lack understanding of important privacy risks. In addition, users employ incomplete protective practices which results in a false sense of security and lack of concern while on Wi-Fi. Based on our results, we outline opportunities for technology to help address these problems.


After the end of the Second World War, a large group of Polish composers decided to stay outside Poland. In the next few years this group was enlarged by other composers who had initially tried to make their lives in People's Poland, searching for their own place within the framework of the imposed communist system. In 1949, Roman Palester (1909–1989), one of the most important  Polish composers of the pre-war period and very active in the first years after the war, took the decision to remain in France. Soon afterwards he started working for Radio Free Europe in Munich, where he was responsible for preparing cultural programmes as the head of the cultural department. Simultaneously, he kept composing and managed to write many works of distinction. Unfortunately, his music today remains almost entirely forgotten. Andrzej Panufnik (1914–1991) took a quite a different road, deciding to leave Poland illegally in 1954. He settled in the United Kingdom, where after some extremely hard years he started to gain sustained recognition both as a composer and a conductor. His works are nowadays in the repertoire of many outstanding soloists and orchestras all over the world. However — as is also in the case with Roman Palester — the long-lasting censorship of his music and of any mention of his name in the Polish press meant that it was hard to consider him as part of 20th-century Polish musical culture. It is still difficult to bridge this gap.  Why Roman Palester and Andrzej Panufnik decided to choose emigration and how this decision determined their lives henceforth? How did it influence the reception of both composers and the presence (or non-presence) of their music in Polish cultural life of the last seven decades? This article aims to answer these questions.


The article analyzes the standard of the accused's right to enjoy professional legal assistance as developed in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Its purpose is to illustrate the Court's broad understanding of this right, which is supported not only by its essential substantive components but also in its connection to the principle of a fair trial. It highlights the subjective and objective scopes of the accused's right to the assistance of the defense counsel as well as the question of the waiver of this right, the prerequisites for appointment of the public defender, and the criteria for the implementation of the guarantee standard arising from this right. In the conclusion, the author presents several reflections resulting from the juxtaposition of the "conventional" standard of the right to the assistance of the defense counsel with its implementation in the Polish legal order.


Reduction of chlorinated ethenes with iron metal was studied in pilot-plant tests. The test showed a sufficient ability of the iron material to reduce a mixture of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene. The reactions were well approximated by the first-order kinetics. The rate constants per surface area were 0.22 ± 0.11 and 0.44 ± 0.09 mL m -2 L -1 , respectively. Significant changes of Ca, total Fe, HCO 3 - , and NO 3 - concentrations were found in the reaction zone. Speciation calculations indicated aragonite and siderite as possible precipitating minerals. The change in HCO 3 - concentration in the reaction zone was gradual and could be approximated by zeroth-order reaction kinetics with the rate constant value 0.096 mol L -1 h -1 . The surface precipitate may influence the operating life of a permeable reactive barrier as a consequence of permeability decrease and coating of iron.


Semiconductor device comprising: - a semiconductor body having a first semiconductor region (11) of the first conductivity type; - at least a first rectifying junction (1) to the first semiconductor region (11); - at least one second rectifying junction (2) to the first semiconductor region (11); and - at least a third rectifying junction (3) to the first semiconductor region (11); - wherein the three rectifying junctions (1, 2, 3) each having a different high barrier height, wherein the second rectifying junction (2) has a lower barrier height than the first rectifying junction (1), the first rectifying junction (1) a lower + barrier height than the third rectifying junction (3), and the second rectifying junction (2) between the first and third rectifying junction (1, 3) is arranged.


Background/aims: Critical congenital cardiovascular malformations (CCVMs) have been defined as lesions likely requiring surgical correction during the first month of life. CCVMs are relatively common, with a prevalence of 5–10 in every 1000 live births. Routine physical examination is unable to detect > 50% of CCVMs infants. Our aim was to verify the recent report by Koppel et al. (Pediatrics 2003;111:451–5), suggesting that a pulse oximetry screening, based on a single determination of postductal saturation (SpO2), is a noninvasive and highly specific test for early detection of CCVMs.Methods: Oximetry was performed on 4197 asymptomatic newborns discharged from nursery at median age of 72 hours during the 2000 May 1-2004 March 31 period. Infants symptomatic before screening (heart murmur, severe cyanosis) and those with suspected lesions detected by fetal echocardiography were excluded. Cardiac ultrasound was performed on all infants with SpO2≤95% at > 24 hours (positive screens).Results: Two cases of CCVMs were detected (intracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous return with post-ductal SpO2 88% and ductal-dependent aortic coarctation with SpO2 85%). Both infants received surgical correction before the first month of life. There were no false-positive screens. One infant with negative screen was readmitted at 26 days of age for a non ductal-dependent aortic coarctation (false negative screen). The mean sensitivity value of the SpO2 was 66.7%, with 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive, and 100% negative predictive value. During the study period, the prevalence of critical CCVMs among the screened population was 1 in 1399.Conclusion: Our findings confirm that neonatal pulse oximetry screening is a satisfactorily accurate, simple, noninvasive and inexpensive test for early detection of CCVMs which could be applied extensively especially to asymptomatic newborns in well-infant nurseries before discharge.


We consider a dielectric plane surface with a local cylindrical perturbation illuminated by a monochromatic plane wave. The perturbation is represented by a random function assuming values with a Gaussian probability density with zero mean value. Outside the perturbation zone, the scattered field can be represented by a superposition of a continuous spectrum of outgoing plane waves. The stationary phase method leads to the asymptotic field, the angular dependence of which is given by the scattering amplitudes of the propagating plane waves. The small perturbation method applied to the Rayleigh integral and the boundary conditions gives a first-order approximation of the scattering amplitudes. We show that the real part and the imaginary part of the scattering amplitudes are Gaussian stochastic variables with zero mean values and unequal variances. The values of variances depend on the length of the perturbation zone. In most cases, the probability density function for the amplitude is a Hoyt distribution and the phase is not uniformly distributed between –π and π. The standard Rayleigh and uniform distributions are obtained for special values of the length and in the case of an infinite illumination length.


The nutritional guidelines recommend the consumption of dietetic fiber for health promotion, especially, as a bulking agent, it aids control of the obesity and regulate energy intake and satiety. Glucomannan (KGM) is a fermentable dietary fiber, highly water soluble, which has an exceptional ability to bind water; it has been demonstrated to be effective in obesity and weight loss due to the satiating effect. Proteins are other food macronutrien that show high satiating capacity. So it would be interesting to apply KGM in solid food items with highprotein content such as cheese pies. In the present study the effect of different concentrations of KGM (KC= 0,75%, K1= 1,5%, K2= 2,25% Y K3= 3%) in reformulated cheese pies, on the rheological and instrumental textural properties was evaluated. In addition, rheological behavior of cheese pie slurries after in vitro digestion was analyzed. The instrumental methods used were dynamic oscillatory rheology for assessment of the rheological behavior, and doublecycle compression (TPA), compression until the breakdown and penetration with a tooth-probe for texture. in vitro digestion in the stomach phase was simulated at 37oC. The addition of KGM at 0,75% it was achieved a total replacement of starch and full-fat cheese with low-fat cheese in the reformulated cheese pie. The KGM contributed increases of all parameters of instrumental texture of the pies, which would stimulate the orosensorial exposure and, in consequence, the


Expanding the traditional question of how and why the bomb was built when it was, this paper asks how socio-historical factors influenced the reception of the bomb in the West. It suggests that the bomb was received as the 'winning weapon' and that this view of it was linked to two historical factors: the Great Collapse, which undermined belief in historical progress and threatened the survival of the democracies; and the failure of balancing, the inability of the democracies, for a number of sociopolitical reasons, to act in their own collective security. As the winning weapon, the bomb was expected to overcome these problems. More broadly, the analysis suggests that when collective actions do not appear capable of redressing persistent threats, then leaders tend to invest their faith in technological panaceas.


Objective: We performed this study to investigate the role of fixation by percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) in spondylodiscitis secondary to TB origin for pain relief and rapid early mobilization of the patient. Material and Methods: Thirty-two cases of tuberculous spondylodiscitis were managed from March 2017 to 2019. Clinical assessment, radiological evaluation, and laboratory studies with over a year follow-up after PPSF without decompression. Visual analog scale (VAS score) and Oswestry disability indices (ODI scale, Hindi version) were used for outcome measure. Results: Female-to-male ratio was 19:13. The average follow-up was 14 months ± 6 days and the duration for fusion was around 6 months. The mean duration of hospital stay was 4.006 ± 1.17 days. The average blood loss was 27.18 ml ± 17.71. The mean surgical time was 121.25 ± 14.59 min. ATT was continued for 12–18 months. C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) pain scores (visual analog scale), and ODI were lower at 3 months and at final follow up. No failure of instrumentation or decline in neurological condition was reported after operative intervention. Conclusion: Primary treatment of TB spine has been chemotherapy with limited indications for surgery. Severe pain in the presence of spondylodiscitis without neurological deficit or deformity projects as an unclear situation and a temporary surgical fixation gives stability to prevent unexpected neurological injury and promote early healing with faster rehabilitation in contrast to strict bed rest and external bracing.


Since M. J. Vermaseren's visit to Romania and the publication of the second volume of his monumental corpus on Mithraic finds in 1960, the once-called "Mithraic Studies" has had numerous paradigmatic shifts and changed its major focus points. Besides the important changes in the theoretical background of the research, the archaeological material regarding the Mithraic finds of Dacia – one of the richest provinces in this kind of material – has also been enriched. Several new corpora focusing on the Mithraic finds of Dacia were published in the last decade. This article will present the latest currents in the study of the Roman cult of Mithras and will give an updated list of finds and several clarifications to the latest catalogue of Mithraic finds from the province.


Five tactually experienced, hearing‐impaired children were tested in two sessions wearing the tactile aid during both sessions but activated during only one session. Subjects received auditory and visual information throughout. Each session consisted of a spontaneous and an imitative speech task, each eliciting six productions of four monosyllable and four bisyllabic words. Recorded responses were transcribed using broad IPA techniques. Four of the five children produced fewer errors with the aid active compared to the nonactive condition during both the spontaneous and imitative tasks. The mean percent of errors in nonactive and active conditions for spontaneous task was 27% and 26%; for imitative task, 19% and 17%. A 2×2 randomized block analysis‐of‐variance test showed a significant main effect for task (p <0.001). The tactile aid condition approached but did not reach significance (p <0.10). The data are extremely encouraging. While the act of producing speech is largely a habitual motor response, removal of the tactile information resulted in a measurable increase in articulation errors.


1. It may deliver a major radiation dose to both local and global populations 2. Excess 14C near discharge locations may provide tracer information on the physicochemical forms and the partitioning between 14C and stable carbon. The Irish Sea and Scottish coastal waters receive significant inputs of 14C from discharges by Amersham International plc into Cardiff Bay and British Nuclear Fuels plc, who discharge directly into the Irish Sea from their Sellafield fuel reprocessing plant. We have studied the distribution of 14C activities in a range of sample types throughout this region. Initial work focused on the spatial distribution within a range of biological materials which derive their carbon from different sources. This has been further extended to include the various geochemical phases of seawater, ie, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon and particulate organic and inorganic carbon, together with the organic and inorganic carbon phases of surface sediments. The results are discussed in relation to radiological considerations and the application of 14C to existing mathematical models derived using 137Cs


Abstract We present a symbolic technique of error analysis of numerical algorithms, which acts as a preprocessor to the actual numerical computation. The technique provides rigorous, a priori bounds which are universal for inputs in a prescribed domain. The method is an alternative to interval arithmetic in applications where speed and rigor but not necessarily the tight bounds are the main concerns. The technique was invented to perform the computer-assisted proof of chaos in the Lorenz equations.


You are an internal medicine resident seeing patients in the continuity clinic. Your next patient, Mr. Howell, is an 89-year-old man with Alzheimer's disease as well as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, osteoarthritis, cataracts, and hearing loss. Mr. Howell is accompanied by his wife, who made the appointment because Mr. Howell recently has complained of stomach pain. Mr. and Mrs. Howell have been your patients for the last 2 years. Mrs. Howell is 88 years old and has several chronic illnesses. Mr. Howell's ability to care for himself has been slowly declining, and Mrs. Howell has been assuming more of his care. At Mr. Howell's last visit, you noted that Mrs. Howell seemed very fatigued. Prior to entering the exam room, you run through a mental list of tips for communicating with older patients, which you learned at a recent workshop. You recall that the speaker suggested envisioning older patients as your grandparents and speaking to them as you would want a doctor to speak to your grandparents. You recognize that you should combine general techniques for communicating with older adults with specific approaches to those with sensory losses and dementia.


This paper focused on building predictive models for data mining projects and knowledge discovery functionalities. The objectives are 1) data selection and transformation, 2) Generation of a prediction models using classification data mining techniques, 3) Identification of different attributes which affects retention and performance of students and 4) Comparison of accuracy on the classification techniques used in the prediction models. The study used dataset from the students enrolled in the BS Computer Engineering program. Decision tree classifiers such as ID3, J48 and CART were used to build models. Results of the study showed that when the attribute evaluation was conducted using WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis), the College Entrance Test (CET) got the highest significant value among the identified attributes in predicting the retention and performance of students while J48 got the highest accuracy rating when classifying instances. However, further research on factors or attributes that influence retention and performance of students should be investigated and to include other programs in the University to improve the accuracy of the results of classification.


The impact of outliers on signal separation performance of an independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm is an important factor when selecting an ICA algorithm. If an ICA estimator has the property of B-robustness, the influence of an extreme point is bounded, leading to good separation performance in the presence of outliers. Since this property is binary, it does not give the degree of influence an outlier has on the separation performance. To address this issue, a Mamdani-type fuzzy inference, based on the location of a potential outlier and on the skewness of the data set, has been developed. It creates an outlier sensitivity map for an ICA algorithm. The implication of this work is a criterion to switch from one ICA algorithm to another in real time, as determined by the algorithms sensitivity to the data set under consideration. This paper describes estimation of the outlier impact on the separation performance of the non-B-robust FastICA algorithm using a Mamdani-type fuzzy inference. In simulations with data sets contaminated by outliers, the FastICA sensitivity map resembles the separation performance measured by the Amari performance index.


The problem of rural water pollution is a typical negative environmental externality problem. The formulation and implementation of relevant policies is a common means for the government to carry out public management, and it is also the starting point and key point for the next step to promote the treatment of rural domestic sewage. Based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of rural sewage treatment, this paper summarizes the characteristics of rural sewage source characteristics and sewage treatment in the aspects of system, capital, technology, engineering, operation and maintenance management, and puts forward the policy requirements for promoting rural sewage treatment, in order to provide reference for the formulation and introduction of relevant policies.


Testicular and paired epididymal sperm production as affected by breed and season were studied among the common Nigerian indigenous bull cattle. Rahaji (RJ) bulls recorded the highest sperm production ability followed by Bunaji (BJ), Sokoto gudali (SG) while Adamawa gudali (AG) had the least. The corresponding paired testes sperm reserve (PTSR) values were; 149.91±2.68x10, 134.69±2.48x10, 118.34±2.59x10 and 116.82±2.55x10; for RJ, BJ, SG and AG bulls respective values for right testes sperm reserve (RTSR) were (RJ), 74.72±1.35x10, (BJ), 66.39±1.25x10, (SG), 59.33±1.31x10 and (AG), 58.36±1.29x10; left testes sperm reserve (LTSR) values were74.20±1.75x10, 67.26±1.61x10, 57.82±1.68x10 and 58.37±1.66x10,for RJ, BJ, SG, and AG bulls, while for paired epididymal sperm reserve count (PESR) values were (RJ), 301.15±4.67x10, (BJ), 277.72±4.32x10, (SG), 238.70±4.50x10 and (AG), 232.28±4.44x10. significant (P<0.05) season difference on sperm production was observed with the early dry (ED) season favouring sperm production best followed by late dry season (LD) late rain (LR) while early rain (ER) was least. Corresponding PTSR values were 138.69±2.69x10, 132.57±2.60x10, 126.70±2.52x10 and 121.45±2.49x10; respective RTRS values were 69.71±1.36x10, 65.94±1.31x10, 63.39±1.27x10 and 59.58±1.26x10 while PESR values were 275.93±4.68x10, 269.06±4.38x10, 260.09±4.53x10 and 243.88±4.34x10. Sperm production potential was observed to be highest in RJ bulls and least in AG bulls, while early dry season favours best the production of sperm and bulls in the period of early rain had the least.


For a quantitative interpretation of seismic structures, it is needed to assess the effects of temperature, melt fraction, and grain size on the rock anelasticity. However, due to the limited understanding on the underlying mechanism, it is difficult to apply the experimental data to the condition of the mantle. To address this lack, we performed forced oscillation tests on the rock analogue (polycrystalline aggregates of organic "borneol") and measured modulus and attenuation over a wide frequency range. Attenuation spectra obtained from polycrystalline materials are generally represented by the superposition of a monotonic "background" and a broad "peak" which exists at relatively high frequencies. The background, which has been observed robustly in all experiments, follows the Maxwell frequency (fM = MU/eta, MU = unrelaxed modulus, eta = diffusion creep viscosity) scaling. This shows that the mechanism of the background is "diffusionally accommodated grain boundary sliding," which is rate-limited by matter diffusion in the same manner as the diffusion creep. Although we have a general consensus about the scaling law and mechanism of the background, those for the peak are still controversial. It is crucial to better understand the peak, because it dominates the background at seismic frequencies. We focus on the relationship between peak and partial melting, such that a large peak is obtained for melt-bearing rocks. Recent data obtained from the analogue samples show that even at subsolidus temperatures the amplitude and width of the peak increase with increasing T/Tm (Tm: solidus temperature) [Takei et al., 2014]. This result suggests that, even without melt, low Q and low V can occur at near-solidus temperatures. However, their data are limited to T/Tm =< 0.93. In order to understand the effect of partial melting on the peak, it is important to investigate anelasticity at both subsolidus and supersolidus temperatures. We measured anelasticity of the rock analogue at near-solidus temperatures ranging from subsoilidus to supersolidus temperatures (0.88 =< T/Tm =< 1.01). In addition to the forced oscillation tests at 2*10 Hz =< f =< 100 Hz, we performed the ultrasonic test to measure the unrelaxed modulus and the creep test to measure the diffusion creep viscosity to calculate fM. Also, from the reduction of the ultrasonic velocity by partial melting, we estimated the total relaxation strength which exists at higher frequencies than the ultrasonic frequency (> 700 kHz). The results are as follows. (1) Although the total relaxation strength of the background is constant regardless of various experimental conditions, that of the peak increases with increasing T/Tm, showing the breakdown of the Maxwell frequency scaling in the peak. (2) The increase of the total relaxation strength of the peak starts at the subsolidus temperature (T/Tm = 0.93), indicating that the mechanism of the peak is some solid-state mechanism. This result is also supported by the ultrasonic data which show that the relaxation by the melt squirt flow mechanism occurs at much higher frequencies than the peak (> 700 kHz). (3) Samples which experienced partial melting sometimes show a hysteresis such that the large peak observed in the partially molten state remains even below the solidus temperature. This implies that even after the solidification a connected network of grain-edge tubules works as a fast diffusion path and enhances the peak. These results provide a key to clarify the mechanism of the peak. We further discuss the implications to seismology. SCG58-15 Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2016


The most common kidney presentation in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is acute kidney injury (AKI) from cast nephropathy. Patients have a poorer 1 year survival compared to patients free of kidney involvement. The key to treating cast nephropathy is rapid reduction of free light chain (FLC) levels. The modern era of MM treatment was ushered in by the introduction of newer chemotherapeutic agents, such as bortezomib. Also, there is interest in the application of extracorporeal removal of FLCs with high cut-off hemodialysis (HCO-HD) using a dialysis membrane with a higher molecular weight cut-off pore size compared to conventional high-flux (HF) dialyzers. Does the use of HCO-HD provide additional benefit to bortezomib-based chemotherapy alone? Two trials have now been completed and the results were published in abstract form and orally presented at the 2016 American Society Nephrology Annual Scientific Meeting in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Both the MYRE and the EuLITE trials randomized patients with dialysis-dependent AKI due to biopsy-confirmed cast nephropathy to bortezomib-based chemotherapy, and either conventional high-flux hemodialysis (HF-HD) or HCO-HD with a primary end point of the discontinuation of renal replacement therapy. In the MYRE study, more patients in the HCO-HD arm were independent of dialysis at 6 months. In the EuLITE study, there was no difference in kidney recovery at 3 months. Both studies were small, which makes any firm conclusions on the benefit of HCO-HD tenuous. Based on the current knowledge, without more robust data, the routine use of HCO-HD cannot be recommended.


AbstractFlood impacts threaten the socioeconomic conditions of peoples' lives in the Mekong River Basin. In this study, the rainfall-runoff-inundation (RRI) model, capable of simulating rainfall ru...


Following curative resection for gastric adenocarcinoma, 142 patients were randomized to receive adjuvant chemotherapy of methyl‐CCNU and 5‐FU or to be closely followed without chemotherapy. The median patient has been followed for four years. At the present time, there have been 38 recurrences and 40 deaths among the 71 patients in the control arm and 28 recurrences with 29 deaths in the group of patients randomized to chemotherapy. Median survival for control patients is 33 months whereas it is estimated to be in excess of four years for the adjuvant therapy group. A survival advantage appears to be associated with adjuvant treatment, a test for treatment difference being significant (P < 0.03) after adjustment for important covariates. Survival and disease‐free intervals are longer in the chemotherapy arm for patients in all prospective stratification subgroups (proximal and total vs distal subtotal gastrectomy, presence or absence of lymph node metastases, invasion of adjacent organs vs confined to stomach wall and location of tumor within the stomach). A final assessment of this surgical adjuvant approach must await complete results of this trial, as well as of others currently in progress evaluating this same concept.


Recent Hubble Space Telescope observations of the Crab Nebula show filamentary structures that appear to originate from the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability operating on the supernova ejecta accelerated by the pulsar-driven wind. In order to understand the origin and formation of the filaments in the Crab Nebula, we study the interaction of a pulsar wind with the uniformly expanding supernova remnant by means of numerical simulation. We derive the self-similar solution of this model for a general power-law density profile of supernova ejecta. By performing two-dimensional numerical simulations, we find three independent instabilities in the interaction region between the pulsar wind and the expanding supernova remnant. The first weak instability occurs in the very beginning and is caused by the impulsive acceleration of supernova ejecta by the pulsar wind. The second instability occurs in the postshock flow (shock wave driven by pulsar bubble) during the intermediate stage. This second instability develops briefly while the gradients of density and pressure are of opposite signs (satisfying the criterion of the R-T instability). The third and most important instability develops as the shock driven by the pulsar bubble becomes accelerated (r ∝ t6/5). This is the strongest instability and produces pronounced filamentary structures that resemble the observed filaments in the Crab Nebula. Our numerical simulations can reproduce important observational features of the Crab Nebula. The high-density heads in the R-T fingertips are produced because of the compressibility of the gas. The density of these heads is found to be about 10 times higher than other regions in the fingers. The mass contained in the R-T fingers is found to be 60%-75% of the total shocked mass, and the kinetic energy within the R-T fingers is 55%-72% of the total kinetic energy of the shocked flow. The R-T fingers are found to accelerate with a slower rate than the shock front, which is consistent with the observations. By comparing our simulations and the observations, we infer that the some finger-like filaments (region F or G in Hester's observations) started to develop about 657 yr ago.


This thesis is dividend into two parts on the theoretical and practical. The aim of the thesis was to optimization the tax liability of self-employed. In the theoretical part, I introduced the basic concepts of tax on natural person and describe the characteristics of natural person income. In the practical part, I calculated of the income tax of self-employed. Then I suggested the possibility of tax optimization.


We use a symmetry approach to construct a systematic derivative expansion of the low-energy effective Hamiltonian modifying the continuum Dirac description of graphene in the presence of nonuniform elastic deformations. We extract all experimentally relevant terms and describe their physical significance. Among them there is a new gap-opening term that describes the Zeeman coupling of the elastic pseudomagnetic field and the pseudospin. We determine the value of the couplings using a generalized tight-binding model.


This study aims to find out what factors make people commit criminal acts of destroying coral reefs on the island of Kayoa and how to enforce the law against people who commit criminal acts of destruction of coral reefs on the island of Kayoa. The type of research used in this research is using empirical research methods. This method is used to identify the law, and research on the effectiveness of the law. Legal research is focused on testing the community's compliance with a legal norm with the aim of measuring the effectiveness or not of an applicable legal arrangement or material. The results of this study indicate that the factors that influence people to commit criminal acts of coral reef destruction are due to geographical, social and economic factors so that people carry out mining of coral reefs that are already in violation of applicable law. Law enforcement against people who commit criminal acts of coral reef destruction is ineffective due to the lack of socialization from the local government to the people of the island of Kayoa, the village, so that people carry out coral reef mining.


A study was made of the effects of irradiation with lethal (0.31 C/kg) and superlethal (12.9 C/kg) doses on Na,K-ATPase activity of various membrane formations in rat brain cortex. The results obtained indicated a significant increase in the activity of the enzyme at different times after irradiation.


This thesis examines the requirement for Salt Inducible Kinase 3 (SIK3), a conserved regulator of metabolism across species, in normal and tumour growth, using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. This thesis shows SIK3 is required for normal animal development in response to changes in dietary protein and carbohydrate levels, and that SIK3 systemically interacts with Src signalling in tumour growth. Overall this thesis provides further understanding of SIK3 as the molecular link that integrates diet with metabolic and growth pathways. Thus, SIK3 activity may be crucial in human metabolic-related disorders such as obesity/diabetes and the cancers arising in these patients.


This case study contends communication is the key element that enables transformational leadership. This research examines President Barack Obama's rhetoric in six of his speeches, which demonstrate his transformational leadership is manifested through his communication, specifically that of the African American jeremiad. While transformational leadership is explored thoroughly in the literature, few have focused on the communication aspect. Obama's transformational leadership is assessed through his charismatic, visionary, unifying, motivating, hopeful, innovative, and guilt laden communication framed within the African American jeremiad and his transformational rhetoric. This thesis contributes to the field of communication by raising awareness about the close relationship between transformational leadership and rhetoric.


Milk is a secretion of lacteal gland of mammal containing important group of protein and peptide except milk fat and laktose. These substances are important for nutritional view-point, signification of peptide is in regulation of GIT, blood pressure Milk proteins are devided out on two groups, casein and whey protein. These groups have different amino acids and they can influence the function of bodies. Their present may be taken advantage of food industry, e.g. milk coagulation.


Representational symbols of religious identity are open resource of meaning. Instead of reconstructing meaning, interpretation is a recollection of cultural traditions. Therefore, disputes over symbols occur because of conflicting values, perceptions, and worldviews. However, cultural traditions are not static dogmas preserved in religious cultural memory. They are dynamic because they are also influenced by contemporary relations between groups. This paper argues for the fluidity of construction meaning of symbols and the role of social interaction and synthesize two ideas. First, Roland Barthes' view on a social semiotic approach to representational symbol will be raised. Second, the idea of symbolic interaction that meaning is a social construction, defined through interactions between collectives, and manifested in the form of actions following interpretations that arise within the subject of meaning. Finally, the author will formulate a recursive semiotic model as a synthesis of the two discussed approaches. The fluidity of meaning will appear through the definition and redefinition that occur in the recursive process. The conclusion to be drawn is that social relations are the key to the formulation of symbolic meaning.


An extremely reliable tungsten silicide is formed by reacting tungsten film with silicon wafer. The tungsten film is RF magnetron sputter-deposited onto a silicon wafer and is subjected to a novel discharge treatment. As a result, an amorphous tungsten silicide is produced. An effective tungsten silicide with tetragonal end phase and low sheet resistance forms when the sample is suitably vacuum-annealed at high temperature. >


BACKGROUND
Gingerol is the generic term for pungent constituents in ginger, which has been reported to be effective for inhibiting vomiting. We attempted to investigate the antiemetic effect of gingerol and its effective mechanism on substance P and NK(1) receptors in minks.

METHODS
The antiemetic effect of gingerol was investigated during a 6-hour observation on a vomiting model in minks induced by cisplatin, (7.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). The distribution of substance P and NK(1) receptors in the area postrema and ileum were measured by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of NK(1) receptor in the area postrema and ileum were measured by Western blotting.

RESULTS
The frequency of cisplatin induced retching and vomiting was significantly reduced by pretreatment with gingerol in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Substance P-immunoreactive was mainly situated in the mucosa and submucosa of the ileum as well as in the neurons of the area postrema. The immunoreactive production of NK(1) receptor was mainly situated in the muscular and submucosa of ileum and the neurons of area postrema, gingerol markedly suppressed the increased immunoreactivity of substance P and NK(1)1 receptor induced by cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), and exhibited effective inhibition on the increased expression levels of NK(1) receptor in both the ileum and area postrema dose-dependently (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Gingerol has good activity against cisplatin-induced emesis in minks possibly by inhibiting central or peripheral increase of substance P and NK(1) receptors.


Shannon P. Harvey, 2, ∗ Bai Yang Wang, 3, ∗ Jennifer Fowlie, 2 Motoki Osada, 2 Kyuho Lee, 3 Yonghun Lee, 2 Danfeng Li, 2, † and Harold Y. Hwang 2 Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (Dated: February 1, 2022)


A process for preparing organic fertilizer from the garbage rejected by restaurant incldues such steps as removing impurities, breaking, wet heating, puffing, dewatering, deoiling, recovering oil and fermenting.


Dearest APEC members, Greetings! I am back again to Amman after attending the 16th Biennial Congress of the European Society of Endodontology (ESE) that was held in Lisbon, Portugal, with huge participation exceeding 2000 dentists representing more than 70 countries from all over the world. Our booth in the exhibition venue to launch the Asian Pacific Endodontic Confederation (APEC) Amman 2015 Conference worked during the 3 days of the Congress (Fig. 1). More than 1000 flyers of the first announcement were distributed to the attendees in addition to other advertising material and Jordanian dates provided by the Jordan Tourism Board through their office in Madrid (Fig. 2). I would like to take this opportunity to thank the organising committee of the ESE Lisbon Conference for their support to APEC and congratulate them on this successful event. The esteemed official support to Amman APEC Conference gained by the government, the Jordanian Dental Association and the Jordanian Endodontic Society (JES) reflects the great interest and desire in Jordan to make this event special and different. I was also promised full support by sponsoring companies, pronounced speakers and dentists from well-known and prestigious universities as a result of formal personal contacts to invite them to our upcoming event that will form a Pan Arab and international gathering. Back to Amman, our preparations in JES will speed up to finalise the PDF file of the 4th Jordanian and 18th APEC Conference that will include more detailed information to be distributed to all APEC members and friends in due time. Before and during Amman conference, APEC family members will witness new initiatives that will materialise the goals, vision and decisions of previous Biennial General Meetings and will constitute a turning point to be added to the bright and rich history of our organisation and glory of the event. Aspired by the history and constitution of our organisation and the support of all APEC family members, we will move forward to compete in raising the


In this paper, we are interested in the mathematical modeling of the propagation of sound waves in the lung parenchyma, which is a foam-like elastic material containing millions of air-filled alveoli. In this study, the parenchyma is governed by the linearized elasticity equations, and the air by the acoustic wave equations. The geometric arrangement of the alveoli is assumed to be periodic with a small period $\varepsilon>0$. We consider the time-harmonic regime forced by vibrations induced by volumic forces. We use the two-scale convergence theory to study the asymptotic behavior as $\varepsilon$ goes to zero and prove the convergence of the solutions of the coupled fluid-structure problem to the solution of a linear-elasticity boundary value problem.


Modern avionics equipment typically includes measurements from magnetometers, accelerometers, and gyroscopes, which can be combined in attitude filters and state observers to provide information on the vehicle configuration, velocity, and acceleration. While vital for state estimation and feedback control, sensors used on miniature aircraft, constrained by payload capacity, are based on microelectromechanical systems and are of lower quality than full scale counterparts. This work presents a low cost, batch procedure for calibrating inertial sensors on miniature aircraft immediately before takeoff, so that accurate measurements are available for real-time applications. The routine requires a single maneuver to excite the sensors, and can be implemented in full form on a ground station computer, or as a lower fidelity version in onboard microprocessor software. An experiment is presented to validate the accuracy of the calibration procedure.


The theorems of Riemann, Clifford and Martens are proved for every line bundle parametrized by the compactified Jacobian of every binary curve. The Clifford index is used to characterize hyperelliptic and trigonal binary curves. The Brill-Noether theorem for $r\leq 2$ is proved for a general binary curve.


While an association between postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and adverse events exists, the incidence and impact of postoperative AKI after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remain unclear. This study aimed to diagnose AKI and investigate the risk factors for and prognostic value of postoperative AKI.


The invention compounds having a roof plant relates to the manufacture and construction method of the concrete crack resistance and vibration resistance are complemented the crack prevention coating is constructed such parking lots, and more detail (a) functional group, yes the pin flakes, solvent mixed, and the reaction of the mixture is a step of preparing a graphene functional sex, (b) Yes castle thus prepared functional in the short fibers with the solvent in the pin, and the homogenization step and, (c) said homogenizing of homogenates a surface treatment to include a yes functional castle pin composite staple to prepare a fiber composition and, (d) a step of producing the subject a mixture of water solubility of the prepolymer to the fiber composition of Preparative functionalized graphene composite staple castle, the functional group compounds having a polyamic is shown an amine having an amino group may be a prepolymer of the water-soluble polyol prepolymer having a hydroxyl group, the functional group having An isocyanate prepolymer having an isocyanate hwahapmulneun a prepolymer of the water-soluble may be a prepolymer, an epoxy having an epoxy group.


The present work, framed in the affectionate tribute to the person and work of Juan Cascajero, tries to synthesize and to show a global vision of the historical development and the practice of the theoretical foundations of Oral History, in Spain, and its reflection in the historiographic task of Juan Cascajero, main defender of this tool of work, from the parcels of the knowledge of Old History, like means of approach to the conditions of spiritual existence, materials and, of the majorities, silenced, of the Antiquity.


The purpose of this article is to perform an analysis of Lars Saabye Christensen's poem 'Nocturne' from the perspective of Memory Studies. Recollections and the past are not simply the main issues of the literary work, but also provide a basis that can be used as a conceptual apparatus in one's interpretative work. That is exactly what occurs in the relatively new study field that focuses on cultural aspects of literature, i.e. Memory Studies . Through an in- depth analysis of the language, stylistic measures, and with reference to Aristotle, I focus on the mechanisms that are in control of the lyrical subject's memory. Just as essential are P. Ricoeur's reflections on location and spatiality as well as A. Assman's postulates that enable to describe objects and places as having a memory. The application of the ideas of Memory Studies as a methodological tool allows to determine the lyrical situation including the lyrical subject's internal states. 1. INNLEDNING


If A(z) is a function of a real or complex variable with values in the space B(X) of all bounded linear operators on a Banach space X with each A(z) g-Drazin invertible, we study conditions under which the g-Drazin inverse A(z) is differentiable. From our results we recover a theorem due to Campbell on the differentiability of the Drazin inverse of a matrix-valued function and a result on differentiation of the Moore– Penrose inverse in Hilbert spaces.


Nowadays the terahertz frequency rage is one of the weakest technically equipped. Big number of THz applications requires compact sources of electromagnetic radiation with wide frequency tuning and increased output power. The main obstacles limiting the output power at high frequencies in BWO type devices are decrease of RF field localization region and increase of ohmic loss. Due to that, the use of intense electron beams (up to 500 A/cm2) and strong magnetic focusing fields (up to 1.5 Tesla) is required. However, orotron is a device where ohmic losses are reduced compared to those of BWO. It was achieved by volume mode operation in open Fabry-Perot-style resonator, but coupling impedance of this mode is quite poor compared to surface one. In this paper we propose to use nonuniform (multistage) gratings in cavity resonator for efficiency enhancement in slow-wave devices based on stimulated Cherenkov radiation. In such slow wave structures, the amplitude of higher spatial harmonics may be higher than zero mode. Thus, the coupling impedance of nonuniform grating will be higher than for uniform one [1]. Besides, the fast waves outgoing from the grating exist in spectrum of the natural modes of the nonuniform grating [2, 3]. Thus grating may be considered as antenna. Such modes can provide a feedback loop if the nonuniform grating is placed in cavity resonator.


This study investigated the effects of preperformance information on actual classroom teachers' expectations and attributions for a hypothetical male student. Teachers were found to have higher expectations for the student with ascending than with descending performance pattern and when the student was labeled learning disabled (or had no label) than when the student was labeled mildly retarded. Prior special education involvement did not influence expectancies. Ascending as compared to descending performance was ascribed more to teacher than student causes in line with egotism considerations.


BRUNT ICE SHELF, IN ANTARCTICA A U.K. research station will be hibernating through its second winter in a row after glaciologists determined that cracks in the ice have made it unsafe. The Halley VI Research Station, which sits on Antarctica's Brunt Ice Shelf, has studied climate change and extreme space weather and tracked the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. It was relocated in March to avoid a nearby chasm; now, two growing cracks have again made the site too dangerous for the 14 staff who had intended to stay through the 2018 Antarctic winter, from March to November, the British Antarctic Survey announced this week. It explained that if the ice fractured unexpectedly during the winter, the low temperature and constant darkness would make it hard to evacuate the crew.


Abstract This paper contributes to the question of how to choose estimator memory length in system identification. Traditional approaches to this problem have been based on stationary models for parameter time variations. This leads to a fixed trade-off between the "size" of parameter variations and the "size" of noise. However, in practice, one often experiences non-stationary parameter behaviour. The latter problem leads to the desirability of some form of time varying estimator memory. In particular, a short memory is desirable when rapid parameter changes occur. However, a long memory is desirable when infrequent parameters change occur so as to give maximal noise discrimination. The current paper discusses these issues at a conceptual rather than theoretical level. We illustrate the ideas by reference to parameter estimation in zinc galvanizing lines.


D rought and low cattle prices have long occurred together in New Mexico. They have always been the nemesis of both rangelands and ranchers. Past periods when severe, extended drought conditions prevailed include the 1860s, 1890s, 1930s, 1950s, and 1970s. The long intervals between droughts allows lessons from the past to be overlooked or forgotten at the very time when they are most useful. It has been my experience that range management is more a game of managing climatic and financial risks rather than of maximizing forage production and harvest efficiency through aggressive of practices such as seeding, brush control, fertilization or intensive fencing and water development (Holechek 1996). Studies by Lantow and Flory (1940), Reynolds (1954), Boykin et al. (1962), and Shoop and Mcllvain (1971) all demonstrate that drought planning is the critical element of ranching survival in the southwestern USA.


SummaryThis study evaluates the potential of MR-guided laser-induced thermotherapy for the treatment of recurrent head and neck tumours, as a stand-alone method, or in combination with radiotherapy. 15 patients with recurrent head and neck tumours (recurrent squamous cell carcinoma n=13, recurrent pleomorphic adenoma n=2) were treated, using MR-controlled laser-induced thermotherapy. 18 lesions were treated with 25 laser applications. MR thermometry was performed, using a temperature-sensitive TurboFLASH (TR/TE/TI = 7/3/400; flip angle = 8d`) and FLASH-2D (TR/TE/flip angle = 102/8/70d`) sequence for monitoring thermal-induced changes in signal and morphology. T1 weighted (TR/TE=700/15) sequences, plain and contrast-enhanced, were used for follow-up. 14 patients tolerated the procedure well. In one patient, with a recurrent squamous cell carcinoma and infiltration of the sublingual gland, the treatment had to be stopped after 5 min due to pain. No long-term side effects related to treatment were observed. ...


A generalized fabric bending model is developed based on the nonlinear bending moment-curvature relationship of fabrics. This model makes it possible to theoretically investigate the effects of fabric nonlinear bending behavior on measured bending prop erty values. The dependence of measured parameters (e.g., bending length, bending rigidity) on the conditions for the cantilever and heart loop, loop 3, and loop 4 tests is determined theoretically. Calculated results show good agreement with experimental observations reported in the literature for the cantilever and heart loop. An important discovery in this investigation is that the bending length values calculated and measured from loop 3 and loop 4 are not influenced by fabric sample length if that length is beyond a certain critical value.


The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is characterized by complex topography and heterogeneous surface cover, which makes it difficult to obtain accurate precipitation data at a regional scale. Therefore, it is important to use dense ground observations to evaluate satellite‐derived precipitation products. In this study, the top‐down‐based Global Precipitation Measurement Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals (GPM IMERG) and bottom‐up‐based Soil Moisture TO RAIN‐Advanced SCATterometer (SM2RAIN‐ASCAT; SM2RASC) precipitation products were evaluated against 1,584 unevenly distributed rain gauges over the TP from May to October 2015. Results show: (1) The overall performances of IMERG and SM2RASC are comparable at the daily scale, with a higher correlation coefficient (CC) for IMERG and lower root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) for SM2RASC. Regarding the precipitation detectability, IMERG outperforms SM2RASC; (2) Spatially, SM2RASC shows better performance than IMERG in grasslands, but IMERG outperforms SM2RASC in forest areas, due to the low quality of the soil moisture retrieved by satellite in the areas; (3) The accuracy of both SM2RASC and IMERG is closely correlated with altitude and rainfall intensity. The SM2RASC product estimates light to moderate rainfall (5–25 mm/day) more accurately than the IMERG, but the IMERG product shows better performance for drizzle and heavy rainfall (>25 mm/day). Due to relatively frequent fluctuations of the ASCAT soil moisture product, SM2RASC frequently reports false rainfall in dry conditions. This study demonstrates the good performance of the SM2RASC product over the TP and suggests that the impact of vegetation density and topography should be considered for improving the SM2RAIN algorithm.


Both Jack London and Robert Louis Stevenson are famous for a variety of literary work they produced in a relatively short time span. As we can establi


5597 Background: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is the most common Head & Neck cancer in Saudi Arabia. The tumor is considered chemosensitive, and, at the same time has propensity for distant metas...


This paper attempts to construct a storytelling model of computer games by using the Greimas`s schema of narrative. Analysis target is multi-play of Starcraft, which has the non-linearity and interactivity. As a result, the process of manipulation and sanction, occurred in epistemological level at very short time and the process of competence had lots of small schema of narratives and repeated that small narratives. This model may be applied to other games, because it looks that most of games have very short process of manipulation and sanction at epistemological level and have long process of competence as main game play.


This article examines the unique risks associated with Islamic financial institutions and the secular state's reticence to directly regulate their religious dimension. It argues that the state's method of regulating the Islamic financial industry ignores special reputational risks associated with the religious and cultural distinctiveness of Islamic banks.


Is external public indebtedness a source of productive inefficiency in developing countries? This paper attempts to provide some answers to this question. In the first part, we propose an endogenous growth model with overlapping generations to help analyse the impact of public external indebtedness on productive efficiency. The study shows that an increase in the share of public external indebtedness has two conflicting effects. On the one hand, it increases the positive externalities and steps up productive efficiency. On the other hand, it exerts a crowding out effect on the formal private sector, thus reducing its size in favour of a less efficient informal sector. The marginal effect of public external indebtedness on efficiency becomes negative when its share in the total external debt exceeds an optimal threshold. In the second part, we use the stochastic production frontier method to test the effect of external indebtedness on the productive efficiency of a sample of 28 developing countries between 1970 and 2005. The results confirm the nonlinear effect of public external indebtedness on productive efficiency, and show that its optimal share is about 84 percent. We also observe that the share of public external indebtedness was sub-optimal during the whole period under study and, in particular, towards the end of the 1980s. The reduction of the share of public external indebtedness, with effect from the 1980s, contributed to improving productive efficiency.


Preasphaltenes for purposes of this study are defined as that portion of a lignite derived product which is soluble in tetrahydrofuran but insoluble in toluene. The preasphaltenes studied would fall into the seventh and eighth fractions of the sequential elution by solvent chromatography (SESC) procedure. The preasphaltene fraction was chromatographed for size separation using Bio-Beads S-X3 columns and pyridine as the eluent. The distribution and functionality of nitrogen and oxygen were then monitored in the molecular size fractions formed at different operating conditions. The study shows the structure and distribution of oxygen is the most important parameter. Work was centered on the development of procedures of the quantitation of oxygen functionality in this material. For this report it was only possible to identify the amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups present. Gel permeation chromatography offers the opportunity to observe subtle changes in preasphaltene structure that would be rather difficult to observe by another procedure. The postulated aromatic core plus ether links polymer structure requires precise information about the concentration of phenolic sites as they change with molecular weight. The type of preasphaltene structure suggested by this study would explain why preasphaltenes are insoluble in benzene even through their acidities, bascities andmore » fraction of aromatic carbons may be equal to those of asphaltenes. Their insolubilities result from ether and furan linkages locking the aromatic systems into very rigid condensed molecules.« less


An artificial mechanoreceptor based on a hetero-core fiber-optic sensor has been developed using a reflective-type sensor element for realizing human-like sensations for multiple tactile information on artificial structures. The proposed mechanoreceptor is embedded in a finger-shaped end effector as a pseudoartificial finger in order to evaluate how the end effector responds to a variety of tactile information. The end effector can detect contact forces in the range of 0.02–4 N with a maximum force sensitivity of 3.23 dB/N and is sensitive in a local area contact within 2 mm, which is comparable with the spatial resolution of human fingertips. The end effector can also detect vibrations at frequencies up to 1 kHz. The developed end effector is also tested in assessing the hardness of a soft resin material in the range of 5°–80° on the Shore A hardness scale, and in discriminating surface conditions when scanned across a surface.


In the continuous-time selection model for a single locus with several alleles, a stable polymorphism persists under mutation. Global stability can be shown for two and three alleles.For the discrete-time case there follows existence and uniqueness of a polymorphism.


An adaptive control system development for DC electric motor implemented as "thyristor converter — DC motor" system is considered. Linear controllers based on P- and PI-algorithms are usually used for such plants. So adaptation is decided to be made by these controllers parameters on-line adjustment with the help of a neural tuner. This method allows to keep required transients quality for both armature current and speed control loops under the conditions of both drive electromagnetic and electromechanical time constants values drift. Its usage also does not demand to change existing control system significantly. Mentioned controllers parameters are tuned in accordance with a rule base containing process automation engineer experience. Such rule base defines learning rate values during each neural tuner call. They are used for the neural network on-line training with the help of the backpropagation method. The neural network outputs are KP and KI values. The neural tuner is applied to the mentioned DC motor physical analogue. Linear controllers parameters on-line tuning for the DC drive under consideration allows to improve plant energy efficiency by 2%.


In many manufacturing and service systems, it is of great importance to generate processing schedules with strong response abilities to unexpected or urgent jobs. In this paper, we investigate the problem of scheduling jobs on two parallel identical machines. The objective is to minimise the maximum difference between any two consecutive completion times of jobs, i.e. to minimise the maximum inter-completion time. The processing of any job cannot be interrupted, and a smaller objective value of the processing schedule implies a faster response to an unexpected job that may arrive at any time point. The problem was introduced by Zheng, Pinedo, Lee, Liu, and Xu [2019. "Towards Robustness of Response Times: Minimising the Maximum Inter-completion Time on Parallel Machines." International Journal of Production Research 57 (1): 182–199]. In this work, we first give a sufficient condition of feasible solutions with respect to the makespan constraint, and reveal several basic properties of any optimal solution. We then prove a theoretical lower bound of the objective value, and propose a time algorithm to compute the lower bound. An efficient heuristic algorithm is further constructed to solve the considered problem. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms all the three heuristics introduced in Zheng, Pinedo, Lee, Liu, and Xu 2019.


Beginning with a discussion of the growing interest that forms of writing about the self has aroused among both critics and readers, this article focuses on the theoretical aspects that distinguish the practice of Irish writer W.B. Yeats in two types of writings about the self: the autobiography proper and the journal. My analysis draws from theoretical sources of diverse national contexts to bring a panorama of the main critical discussions of this important Anglophone author to the Brazilian public. Yeats figures as an exemplary subject for exploring how the subject-writer is constituted, the (im)possibilities of memory, and their representation in the writerly space, particularly given the wealth of material he left in these genres. As an exemplum, Yeats is a particularly apt subject due to the tradition of genetic and biographical studies that have always characterized Yeatsian criticism, as well his own preoccupation with these very questions in all the genres of his extensive oeuvre .


[Objective] To analyze the attack of occupational diseases in Minxing District of Shanghai and provide basis for improving preventive work against occupational diseases.[Methods] All the confirmed occupational disease patients in Minxing District from 1966 to 2004 were chosen as the study objects,the disease categories,morbidity trend and age distributions were analyzed.[Results] 1 821 cases of occupational diseases were found during the 39 years,among which 798 cases were pneumoconiosis(43.82%);435 cases were occupational poisoning(23.89%);1 441 cases were males;the age median was 42.The morbidity had an increasing trend.The major hazardous factors were dust and lead.[Conclusion] Pneumoconiosis and occupational poisoning seem to be the dominant occupational diseases;the morbidity of occupational poisoning,occupational dermatosis and occupational ophthalmopathy has an increasing trend.Emphasis should be put on the industries where such hazards exist.


Hospital alarms today indicate urgent clinical need, but they are seldom "true." False alarms are contributing to the ever-increasing issue of alarm fatigue, or desensitization, among doctors and nurses. Alarm fatigue is a high-priority health care concern because of its potential to compromise health care quality and inflict harm on patients. To address this concern, we have engineered Dynamic Alarm Systems for Hospitals (D.A.S.H.), a dynamic alarm system that self-regulates alarm loudness based on the environmental noise level and incorporates differentiable and learnable alarms. D.A.S.H., with its ability to adapt to environmental noise and encode nuanced physiological information, may improve patient safety and attenuate clinician alarm fatigue.


A fight has been raging since Brexit over whether the people's will has expressed itself; and if it has, what did it say? Davina Cooper explores how a referendum might actually help to support a democracy


The thinning of the film beneath a liquid drop is often faster than predicted by radial drainage. This could be explained by asymmetrical drainage, but mathematical difficulties are then encountered. However, analytical solutions may be obtained for the two-dimensional case and expressions are derived here for the asymmetric viscous drainage of films trapped between convex and concave wedges.

Solutions for the symmetrical drainage beneath wedges and parabolae are also presented which are analogous to the three-dimensional drainage beneath cones and paraboloids previously derived.

La dissolution du film, sous une goutte, est souvent plus rapide que celle predite par le drainage radial. Ceci pourrait e'tre explique par un drainage asymetrique, mais presente des difficultes mathematiques. Cependant, des solutions analytiques peuvent e'tre obtenues pour le cas a deux-dimensions, et des expressions sont developpees pour le drainage (visqueux) asymetrique des films se trouvant entre des coins convexes et concaves.

Des solutions analytiques pour le drainage symetrique des films se trouvant sous des coins et des paraboles, analogues a celles du drainage a trois-dimensions sous des co'nes et des paraboloides, sont presentees.


In an attempt to clarify the persisting controversy over the effect of the electrode area versus that of the stressed oil volume in large-oil-volume- breakdown, a study was carried out under well defined conditions of the oil quality, particularly with regard to the degree of particle contamination. The results indicate that both the electrode area and the stressed oil volume can affect the dielectric strength of transformer oil, with the stressed-oil-volume effect being most pronounced under particle contamination conditions. Test results with technically clean transformer oil as currently accepted for use in power apparatus indicate that the degree of particle contamination in these oils is sufficient to produce an observable stressed-oil-volume effect. Finally, it is demonstrated that the observed phenomenon can be interpreted in terms of an apparent effect of either the electrode area or the stressed oil volume. This has led to the development of a semi-empirical method of quantitatively assessing the breakdown phenomenon in large oil volumes with reasonable accuracy.