In Japan, before the nineteenth century cotton was one of important cropcultures. The alluvial plains of Osaka were reckoned among the most widely cultivated areas for cotton, and four farming methods of cotton cultivation had been used there. The practice of cotton plant cultivated in normal farm-land belonged to the first group. As to the second group, there was the practice of cultivating the newly reclaimed land "Shinden", from the seventeenth centrury downward. Shinden being made of sandy soil, in those days, cotton culture was the only farm product in a land of this kind. In the third group there was a practice of culturing in the paddy-field every other year, a paddy rice plant and a cotton plant. In the year when cotton plants were being cultured, there was no irrigation of the paddy-field. In the fourth group, earth was laid on the ground inside each parcel of a paddy-field and converted into fields under crops; then cotton plant was cultured there.The author, in this paper, observed especially this fourth method of cotton culture.The farm-land under cultivation in the paddy-field, in those days, was generally called "Handa". About 60-70cm difference of undulations existed between the farm-land and the paddy-field in the Handa. There was an almost repeated cultivation of the cotton crop on the higher place or farm-land. On the contrary, in lower places, or paddy-fields, a paddy rice plant was cultured every year. The percentage of area under cultivation between farm-land and paddy-field, though it was divided in area, was about fifty-fifty on an average. At present, though the farm-land has been nearly converted into the paddy-field, on the cadastral map drawn in 1886 or 1887 there is an example which signifies such a Handa.Handa was widely distributed in the eastern area of Osaka and the lowland area of central Kawachi. These are generally lower marshy lands, 10 meters above sea-level. So being flooded, the cultivated fields were often completely submerged. In years when precipitation had been little, crops suffered from deficient rain and irrigation water for the paddy-field, and it was the source of many droughts. A newly designed land utilization having its origin in this characteristic of region which sustained damages from both submergence and drought, as a natural result, was "Handa".As there grew a greater need for water for irrigation in those areas, since a water-course of the Yamato which was an important river-head for irrigation was replaced a new course in 1704, so that Handa was extensively incorporated as a new practice in those areas though the Handa was already observed in the land register drawn in 1594; that is to say, in opposition to the area under paddy-field in the Handa showed a decrease, area under farm-land increased piece by piece. After 1890, however, area under farmland decreased gradually and nowadays it cannot be seen very clearly. At last it was inverted into paddy-fields. The following two factors are the real reasons why area under farm-land had disappeared: By the pressure of good quality and low-price import raw cotton, cotton culture was agronomically put at a disadvantage and, in addition, the drainage and irrigation facilities had been reformed.


ABSTRACT In this paper, enhancement of volume depletion is studied on P-type double gate junctionless Field Effect Transistor (P-DGJLFET) by Gate work function and Gate dielectric engineering. The formation of parasitic BJT action in junctionless device along with DIBL effect is curtailed by integrating Rectangular Core-Shell (RCS) architecture with varying core doping along with different gate oxides and electrodes, respectively. After validating our simulations with the experimental results on Junctionless P-type FET, we demonstrated that RCS based P-DGJLFET with high K dielectric and aluminium as gate electrode exhibits superior ON/OFF ratio, Lower DIBL, better ON current, good OFF current and desired threshold voltage at channel length 5 nm. An exceptional ON/OFF current ratio (ION/IOFF) of 1010 is achieved when core is made thicker than shell. The DIBL is reduced by 62.5% when thin core along with SiO2 is replaced by thick core and HfO2. Also, the stringent requirement of lower work function in Junctionless P-type is relaxed using RCS architecture. The performance of RCS with polysilicon as gate electrode is better than conventional DGJLFET with aluminium as gate electrode. A comprehensive comparison on performances between different technology boosters applied on double gate JLT in the literature and proposed device is also presented.


Aqueous nonthermal extraction was performed from thin and coarse fennel gratings of seven different sizes in order to obtain extracts, which could be used as natural food preservatives (antioxidants). A moderate pulsed electric field (PEF) with different intensities, E = 0–600 V/cm, and number of pulses, n = 0–850, was used to electropermeabilize the cell membranes and to accelerate the following extraction. The optimal parameters of PEF were found for each size of grating to maximize the yield of solutes. Extract turbidity and color were evaluated.

Additionally, the thermal extraction from coarse gratings was studied at different temperatures (60–90C). The concentration of vitamins C and E in extracts, obtained with thermal and PEF treatments, was estimated.

The PEF treatment was more effective for coarse gratings (the juice yield increased from 60 to 98%, and the obtained extracts were less turbid and less colored) than for thin gratings.

Furthermore, extracts obtained from coarse gratings treated by PEF contained more vitamins C and E than extracts obtained by thermal extraction.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

Researches presented in this article should find their entire practical application in the field of food industries. They will permit preparation of fennel extracts, used as food preservatives (antioxidants), by PEF-assisted aqueous extraction, which preserves better antioxidant substances. Extracts should be of good quality and the energy consumption should be reasonable.


To encourage anti-drug policing, the federal government and many state governments have enacted laws that allow police agencies to keep a substantial fraction of the assets that they seize in drug arrests. We use rich new data on police seizures and local spending to explore the reactions of both governments and police to the incentives created by these policies. We find that local governments offset police seizures by reducing their other allocations to police, partially undermining the incentives laid out in statute and diverting the earmarked funds to other purposes. Police, in turn, respond to the real net incentives for seizures, once local offsets are taken into account, by increasing the drug arrest rate. Heroin prices also increase, suggesting that the increased emphasis on anti-drug policing raises the supply costs of illicit drugs. These findings highlight both the promise and pitfalls of using financial incentives to solve agency problems in a federal system: both local agents and intervening governments have sophisticated responses to financial incentives, and these responses must be taken into account in both designing effective policies and evaluating their consequences. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


A real time system fusing data from vision and laser sensors to detect and classify types of defects in brick masonry is presented. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is conceived and used to develop a Defect Finding Classification Model (DFCM) to automatically classify the types of defects found in masonry walls using the image data obtained from both vision and 2D laser sensors mounted on an articulated 6-axis robotic arm. Thirteen image features were extracted to train the SVM. It was found that the proposed approach has a detection accuracy of over 96%.


A multiple imaging episode of the pulsar PSR 1133+16 has been detected with the Arecibo telescope at 1400 MHz. The episode is characterized by intensity vairations by a factor of 10 on a timescale of 4 minutes. The observed pulsar 'light curve' has the form of periodic fringes resembling the oscillations expected from simples caustic events. The fringes exhibit pulse longitude dependent shifts in time and frequency similar to those recently found in PSR 1237+25. This suggests another case of successful interstellar interferometry of the pulsar magnetosphere.


During the 19th century most Latin American countries promoted the foundation of national museums (containing their own archeology, anthropology, and ethnology) as a means of fostering state building and laying the foundations for the homogenization of the nation. Such institutions sought to promote the civic education of the citizenry, the recovery of memory and the construction of a common past allowing for the formation of a national identity. The case of Guatemala, however, stands out for its uniqueness and its tendency to go in the opposite direction: to deny the Maya past, not to accept the principle of a homogeneous nation, and to leave the foundation of the first National Musem, in the 19th century, in the hands of the Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais. The construction of archeological museums was later left to private initiative, thereby generating a process of patrimonalization of culture and, at the same time, a privatization of the national patrimony.


The paper discusses the place and role played by the pictures and text in the digital era. The digital art has become an essential component of contemporary art and new tools currently available to artists are revolutionizing the way they think and create, and so, artistic projects that could not have been accomplished with traditional methods, are now possible through computer interfaces. The computers have facilitated the traditional processes, and also offered a whole new vision on the sketches and the idea forming process, allowing the artists to create many virtual versions of an artwork – a concept. In order to analyze the history of digital art, it is necessary to study the history of several disciplines: computer history as visual medium, the history of graphic design and computer history integrated in the visual arts. Often these disciplines coincide during certain periods, making the study even more difficult to conduct. This chapter presents a brief history of computer generated art, of deconstructive typography and the importance of information visualization. Some of the earliest known examples of computer-generated algorithmic art were created by artists such as George Nees, Frieder Nake, Manfred Mohr and Vera Molnar in the early 60's. As a conclusion, we emphasize the idea that artists should use the computer as a tool adapted to their will, but understanding its potential to host systems that might allow the creation of artwork or graphics. In this regard, the computer must be considered a generative tool with a potential that must be understood in the context of the artist's work and intentions.


Calculation of the electric field vector of a horizontal Hertz dipole (HED) is a fundamental step in a moment method based electromagnetic model for high frequency behavior of energized conductors. This paper presents an approximation of the Sommerfeld integrals that arise in the exact formulation of electric field due to HED within homogenous earth. The approximation is based on the quasi-static approximation and the method of complex images.


try structure of employment differs significantly between cities. Most emphasis has been placed on "export" or basic activities-for example, durable manufacturing and extractive industries-which tend to be spatially concentrated in a few localities and lead to cities specializing in the production of certain goods. Even when these "export" activities are excluded, however, there are marked variations between cities in the relative importance of industries serving local markets [Ullman 1969, p. 581. These differences may be dismissed as simply reflecting dissimilarities in the costs of production associated with unequal populations-for example, economies of scale or agglomeration economies which may accompany an increase in city size. These explanations, however, ignore the possibility of variations in demand which may accompany dissimilarities on the supply side. Both production and consumption are endogenous for industries oriented toward the local market. If


Objective: to establish age and gender patterns of changes in the ratio of spleen height to left kidney height in children and adolescents of Orenburg region according to the data of intravital imaging. Materials and methods. Abdominal CT scans of 75 children without visible pathology were examined. The surveyed were divided into 4 age groups: early childhood, first childhood, second childhood, adolescence. The study was performed on 16-slice computed tomographs with the determination of the height of the spleen and the left kidney and calculation of the ratio of these parameters. The obtained data were subjected to variation-statistical processing with the determination of the mean value (M), standard error (m) and the reliability of differences according to the Student's t-test. Results. It was found that the indicator of the height of the spleen among all the examined changed from 7.1±0.3 cm in the 1st group to 10.2±0.3 cm in the 4th group (p=0.001). The height of the left kidney in the 1st group was 7.6±0.1 cm and increased by the 4th group to 10.2±0.1 cm (p=0.001). The smallest value of the ratio of the height of the spleen to the height of the left kidney among girls and boys was found in children of early childhood and was 0.90±0.10 and 0.93±0.04. The maximum value of the indicator among girls was 1.05±0.08 in children of the second childhood, and among boys, 1.05±0.07 in children of first childhood. Conclusion. There are no significant differences between the indicators of the ratio of spleen height to left kidney height, depending on age, and there are no gender differences within the group.


Mitosis leads to a global downregulation of transcription that then needs to be efficiently restored. In somatic cells, this is mediated by a transient hyper-active state that first leads to the reactivation of genes necessary to rebuild the interphasic cell and then of those executing specific cell functions. Here, we hypothesized that cells displaying rapid cell cycles may display accelerated gene reactivation dynamics. To test this, we focused on mouse Embryonic Stem (ES) cells, which have a short cell cycle and spend a minor time in G1. Compared to previous studies, we observed a uniquely fast global reactivation, which displays little specificity towards housekeeping versus cell identity genes. Such lack of specificity may enable the restoration of the entirety of regulatory functions before the onset of DNA replication. Genes displaying the fastest reactivation dynamics are associated with binding of CTCF, a transcription factor that largely maintains binding to its targets on DNA during mitosis. Nevertheless, we show that the post-mitotic global burst is robust and largely insensitive to CTCF depletion. There are, however, around 350 genes that respond to CTCF depletion rapidly after mitotic exit. Remarkably, these are characterised by promoter-proximal mitotic bookmarking by CTCF. We propose that the structure of the cell cycle imposes distinct constrains to post-mitotic gene reactivation dynamics in different cell types, via mechanisms that are yet to be identified but that can be modulated by mitotic bookmarking factors.


Abstract : Measurements made long ago of the underwater noise associated with propeller tip-vortex cavitation on a submerged WWII submarine underway at sea, combined with measurements of the noise from a geometrically scaled model of the same submarine running submerged and self propelled in our towing basin, are used to calculate the value of the exponent in McCormick's equation, (sigma (sub rho)/sigma (sub MU))=(Re(sub rho)/Re(sub MU))(exp n) , relating the ratio of full-scale to model cavitations numbers at cavitation inception to the ratio of the Reynolds numbers. The value of n is calculated to be 0.28, which is smaller than the usually assumed values ranging from 0.3 to 0.4. This provides evidence that n is not a constant, but decreases with increasing Reynolds number.


Handoff and cabling costs play key roles in the design of cellular telecommunications networks. Efficient homing of cells to switches can have a significant impact on each of these costs. In the presence of capacity constraints at the switches, the problem of assigning cells to switches becomes a difficult one to solve, with all effective solution approaches being based on heuristic techniques. This paper presents a hybrid heuristic which integrates ideas from linear programming into a simulated annealing framework. Extensive computational results are presented comparing the performance of the heuristic with the lower bound obtained from the linear programming relaxation. These results indicate that this price influenced simulated annealing (PISA) procedure is extremely efficient, usually providing solutions with gaps around 1% in less than 1 s.


Evaluation of magnetic damping effect, which is produced by the coupled effect between deforma tion and induced eddy current, is needed for the mechanical design of structures located in a high magnetic field such as magnetic fusion reactor components. The authors have defined the coupling intensity parameter which represents the intensity of electromagnetic and structural coupling effect. This paper describes the method to obtain the coupling intensity parameter from the results of magnetic damping experiment. Since the vibration profile obtained from the experiment includes the damping by air and the structural damping, these damping effects should be removed from the experimental results to obtain the coupling intensity parameter accurately. The dependence of the parameter on external magnetic field and thickness is obtained experimentally for the bending problem of a cantilever plate under various conditions.


From conference on nuclear and hypernuclear physics with kaon beams; Upton, New York (2 Jul 1973). In proceedings of the summer study meeting on nuclear and hypernuclear physics with haon beams. Preliminary results for K- reactions with carbon-12 and oxygen-16 yielding LAMBDA /sup C12/ and LAMBDA / sup O16/ at 390 MeV/c are given. Differential cross sections for the production of the ground and 10-MeV excited states of LAMBDA /sup C12/ and levels of LAMBDA /sub O16/ are found. (JFP)


"Thank you for your recent submission of the revised manuscript. Please be informed that we would normally expect an ethics committee to have reviewed the study prior to the interviews taking place. Please clarify in the Methods section if named ethics committee waived the need for full ethical review. Alternatively, if there is local legislation in place that means that ethics approval is not needed for this kind of study, could you please include details and references to this in the Methods section.": Lines 143-150 and Lines 495-505:


APO has brought out this publication at a time when smart manufacturing is being recognized as a key leverage for raising productivity growth, more so after the pandemic-induced degrowth and slowdown. With some members that are already at an advanced level of smart manufacturing adoption, it is time for other APO member economies to accelerate. From policymaking at the national level to crafting strategies at the enterprise level, this publication offers a multitude of frameworks and implementation plans that the stakeholders can adapt and use.


In the course of his Mycological survey carried out in the forests of Coorg(Mysore State) India, the writer collected several ascomycetous fungi, a detailed study of which proved some of them to be new species on the basis of critical and comparative studies and host relationship. This paper published from this Laboratory is the second in the series and presents an account of four new species. Type material has been deposited at Herb. Orientalis, New Delhi and C. M. I., Kew, England besides M. A. C. S. Herb.


BACKGROUND: Standardization and validation for Ayurvedic polyherbal preparation using modern techniques of analysis are extremely important. Sanjivani Vati (SV) is one such a multicomponent formulation, which is well known for its multiple uses. Even so, it lacks the latest scientific measures to ensure its safety and efficacy more precisely. So, an attempt has been made to standardize the pharmaceutical procedure of SV and to validate its analytical profile. To develop Standard Manufacturing Procedure (SMP) of SV and to validate its quality control parameters. METHODS: Five batches of SV were prepared in the pharmaceutical laboratory, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India, following a classical reference. They were further subjected to an organoleptic, relevant physicochemical and physical, heavy metal, and microbial limit analysis along with a chromatographic as well as spectroscopic evaluation, that is, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GCMS). RESULTS: A batch size of 100 g of SV can be prepared by using 10 g of its each ingredient, 250 mL of cow's urine required for levigation of 6 h 45 min with a yield of around 730 pills of average weight 130.64 ± 2.43 mg, and after drying for 5 h 52 min at 50°C. These findings accomplished the chief objective of its pharmaceutical standardization. Analytical specifications of SV are highly amorphous powder, mild bitter in taste with odor of cow's urine and having brownish black color. All the physicochemical parameters were found validated as per official standards except total ash value. Moreover, FTIR showed the presence of hydroxy, alkane, amide, acyl, alkoxy, and aromatic compounds. Fingerprinting assay revealed seven and nine retardation factor values at 254 and 366 nm, respectively. Furthermore, a total of 21 compounds were detected in GCMS. Pills were also observed free from specific heavy metals, microbes, and pesticides indicating good manufacturing practices. CONCLUSION: This is a preliminary report generating results for standardization as well as validation of SV that could be used for future references. Moreover, further works should be carried out to explore the therapeutic outcomes of this medication.


The generation and openness of classroom teaching require teachers to have some wit.So far,teaching wit has become increasingly important in practice.Theoretical research is,however,far from enough and most of the research focuses just on case study.Through the review of related research on teaching wit at home and abroad,evaluation would be made from aspects including the status quo,the definition of teaching wit,and its related concepts.On this basis,views of related factors towards teaching wit would be presented in order to enhance the teacher's teaching wit.


In a closed loop system, we discover an accelerometer free-based speed control system utilizing ARM Cortex processor. Here, to detect the motor fault, a three-dimensional accelerometer is utilized as an input device. In generally, the output of accelerometer device would be analog. The speed control of the motor is finished by the methods of the relay. The TIVA microcontroller is utilized to receive information or data and also control the speed of the motor by circumstances that follow the vibration of the motor during a fault. The fault signal is examined through the fuzzy logic controller, and dyadic transform algorithm free-based on MATLAB simulation and the conclusion is given to the controller for speed control. TIVA a mixed-signal microcontroller family from Texas Instruments; Built around a 16-bit CPU, and is intended for a minimal price and low power utilization embedded applications. The speed of the motor is controlled by utilizing a controller associated relay circuit for various voltage tapping.


This study explores the influence of national culture upon leaders' interpretations of corporate environmentalism. The first part of the paper reviews the theoretical and empirical premises for a common interpretation of corporate environmentalism across countries. Three dimensions of corporate environmental performance are distilled from the qualitative literature developed in North America: organizational embeddedness, capacity to undertake environmental actions, and responsibility for protecting nature. We develop a survey instrument to measure corporate environmentalism and collect data from two random samples of Chinese (Shanghai-based) and Japanese executives. Exploratory factor analyses suggest that North American, Chinese, and Japanese executives employ three similar dimensions to interpret the corporate environmental performance of their companies. Using these dimensions, the second part of the study compares the overall degree of corporate environmental performance reported on the average by Chinese and Japanese executives. The study also investigates the influence of national culture, environmental values and socioeconomic contexts upon firm-level greening in both countries.


The metallogenic type of Gangdise belt in Tibet is porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit primarily,the genesis of epithermal deposit or magmatic hydrothermal deposit has not been paid enough attentions.In recent years,the large scale Xiongcun copper-gold deposit,discovered in the middle of the Gangdise Mountains,is regarded as magmatic hydrothermal type.Luobuzhen copper-polymetallic deposit is also located at middle of the Gangdise Mountains,which is near to Xiongcun ore district.In this paper,on the basis of analysis on geological characteristics,ore body and ore features of Luobuzhen ore district,comparing its genesis with Xiongcun copper-gold deposit,it is concluded that the genesis of Luobuzhen deposit belongs to magmatic hydrothermal altered type.Taking it as a case study,the authors further deduce the metallogeny in the middle Gangdise,which provides the new idea of prospecting in the Gangdise metallogenic belt.


Maintenance engineers have been applying treatments to both flexible and rigid pavements for as long as such pavements have existed. The types and application of various treatments for both corrective and preventive maintenance have been the subject of research studies over a number of years, and many publications have reported these findings. Recently, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has initiated an effort to encourage DOTS (state and local) to begin, or extend, the practice of preventive maintenance, since there simply is not enough money available to continue the types of maintenance currently employed. This report specifically addresses flexible pavement preventive maintenance, including the types of pavements that are candidates for preventive maintenance, the available treatments, where and when they should be used, their cost effectiveness, the factors to be considered in selecting the appropriate treatment strategy, and a methodology to determine the most effective treatment for a particular pavement.


This work offers an assessment of private capital flows to emerging market countries and their impacts on the environment. It emphasises the critical role that private capital plays in the financial transfers from post-industrial to developing nations (far exceeding foreign aid).


A lens driving control apparatus for a zoom lens
includes a zooming operation member for operating a zoom
part of the zoom lens, a focusing operation member for
operating a focusing lens part of the zoom lens, and a
control circuit for driving and controlling the zoom
part. The control circuit computes information about
driving of the zoom part for substantially preventing a
change of angle of view resulting from movement of the
focusing lens part, on the basis of an operation signal
of the zooming operation member and an operation signal
of the focusing operation member or a position signal of
the focusing lens part and a position signal of the zoom
part, and drives and controls the zoom part in accordance
with the computed information.


Objective
To investigate the feasibility, safety and clinical efficacies of the combinations of the endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures was employed in the treatment of colorectal polyps.

Methods
From Apr. 2013 to Mar. 2016, 59 cases of laparoscopic partial colonoscopy colorectal polyp patients with partial resection and a stitch were performed in the second clinical medical college, Jinan University, Shenzhen people′s hospital of gastrointestinal surgery: knotless self-retaining suture was used in 34 cases(knotless self-retaining suture was used group), and traditional absorbable suture was used in 25 cases (traditional absorbable suture was used group). Respectively to compare two groups of general situation, time of interpretative suture intestines, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative intestinal function recovery time, postoperative hospital stay and the incidence of postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage and other indicators whether there is a statistically significant difference.

Results
Two groups in the age distribution, sex ratio, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative intestinal function recovery time, postoperative hospitalization days and the incidence of postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage and there were no statistically significant difference between the indicators(P>0.05). However, the two groups had difference was statistically significant on the suture time , the time of interpretative suture intestines in group A is less than that of group B [13.96±3.19) min vs (25.68±10.72) min](P<0.05).

Conclusions
Knotless agnail line in laparoscopic combined intraoperative colonoscopy in the treatment of colorectal polyps is safe and feasible. In the laparoscopic intraoperative colonoscopy in the treatment of colorectal polyps, knot agnail line relative to the general can absorb line can shorten the time of interpretative suture intestines, but also not increase the incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage and other complications, etc.

Key words:
Knotless self-retaining suture; Combinations of endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures; Colorectal polyp


Abstract An experimental study on the response of the motorcycle front wheel-tyre assembly in a frontal impact was conducted. A topological approach was employed whereby the post-impact projected deformation area of the wheel was selected as the response variable. Design factors included in the design of experiment were impact speed (S), impact mass (M), inflation pressure level of the tyre (P), contact geometry of the striker (G), and the offset distance of the impact location from the axle (D). A 2v5-1 fractional factorial design with four replications was applied. Statistical software, Minitab version 13, was employed in the experimental design and data analysis. The impact tests were conducted using the in-house developed pendulum impact test rig. A factorial analysis was performed to identify the significant factors influencing the responses of the wheel-tyre assembly. It was found that the influential effects for the response, excluding the torn-off cases, are the main effects S, M, P, and D, and interaction effects SM and PG. On the other hand, for the response including the torn-off cases, the main effects are the same but the interaction effects are slightly different, namely SM, MD, MG, and PG. These factors were then incorporated in the establishment of the empirical models for predicting the impact response of the wheel-tyre assembly. Regression analysis was also carried out to evaluate the yielded empirical models. Curves demonstrating the behaviour of the wheel under various impact conditions investigated were generated based on the empirical models. A comparison was also made with the findings where maximum residual crush was the response variable.


The granular flow model proposed by Jenkins and Savage and extended by us is used here to construct numerical solutions of steady chute flows thought to be typical of granular flow behaviour.

We present the governing differential equations and discuss the boundary conditions for two flow cases: (i) a fully fluidized layer of granules moving steadily under rapid shear and (ii) a fluidized bottom-near bed covered by a rigid slab of gravel in steady motion under its own weight. The boundary value problem is transformed into a dimensionless form and the emerging system of non-linear ordinary differential equations is numerically integrated. Singularities at the free surface and (in one case) also at an unknown point inside the solution interval make the problem unusual. Since the non-dimensionalization is performed with the maximum particle concentration and the maximum velocity, which are both unknown, these two parameters also enter the formulation of the problem through algebraic equations. The two-point boundary value problem is solved with the aid of the shooting method by satisfying the boundary conditions at the end of the soluton interval and these normalizing conditions by means of a minimization procedure. We outline the numerical scheme and report selective numerical results. The computations are the first performed with the exact equations of the Jenkins–Savage model; they permit delineation of the conditions of applicability of the model and thus prove to be a useful tool for the granular flow modeller.


Nowadays, there are several low cost GPS receivers able to provide both pseudorange and carrier phase measurements in the L1band, that allow to have good realtime performances in outdoor condition. The present paper describes a set of dedicated tests in order to evaluate the positioning accuracy in static conditions. The quality of the pseudorange and the carrier phase measurements let hope for interesting results. The use of such kind of receiver could be extended to a large number of professional applications, like engineering fields: survey, georeferencing, monitoring, cadastral mapping and cadastral road. In this work, the receivers performance is verified considering a single frequency solution trying to fix the phase ambiguity, when possible. Different solutions are defined: code, float and fix solutions. In order to solve the phase ambiguities different methods are considered. Each test performed is statistically analyzed, highlighting the effects of different factors on precision and accuracy


Silk fabric draws a wide spectrum in terms of usage area. Sometimes a military uniform, sometimes a pennant or a banner, sometimes embodied in religious clothes, it appears in different patterns. One of the states that put silk at the center of its political and cultural life is undoubtedly the Mongols. They saw this commodity as a symbol of wealth and nobility in social life, as well as actively using it in military, religious and economic life in Mongol Empire Era. In addition to giving detailed information about the main sources of the period (13rd century) and travelers, the use of silk fabric by the Mongols, the discussions of the sources on this subject constitute the main subject of the article. In particular, Yuanshi and Mongolian sources record that, apart from the clothes of the Mongolian elite, silk fabrics were used in the Mongolian army, tents and cars, and "paper Money". There is no information in any source about James Chambers' thesis that the reason for the Mongolian army to wear silk underwear is to reduce arrow wounds. This duty of silk underwear cannot go beyond speculation, but it is possible that uniforms made of silk were worn in the Mongolian army, apart from wool and coarse cloth clothes, which we can call soft armor. In addition, there were silk threads on the Mongolian banners and, interestingly, in the shields used by the Mongols. Although the Mongols used metal shields, they were basically round shields formed by knitting wooden sticks with each other. The inside of this wooden stick structure was probably wrapped with silk threads to increase the strength of the shield and make the braid structure more stable. Especially in Yuanshi, it is understood that the silk fabrics in the clothes worn by the Mongolian guard class Keshig hold a large amount. Silk fabrics could be used in the structures that we can call the big tents (pavilions) used by the Mongols, and also in the carriages of the Mongolian elite class. The issue of "paper money", which is one of the important contributions of the Mongol Empire to world history, is another issue that stands out when examining the usage areas of silk in the Mongol Empire. Because in China, where the Mongols ruled, this type of money could also be made of silk until a certain period.
From a general perspective, the use of silk fabrics and silk threads ranged widely in the Mongol Empire. Apart from the areas mentioned in our article, for example, the use of gold or white silk fabrics as clothes had symbolic meanings. As a means of achieving political goals, the distribution of silk cloth could play a central role. One of the ways to distinguish the Mongol nobility from the common people was the luxurious use of silk fabrics, colors and patterns within the Mongolian elite. The distribution of silk cloth in the jisun festivals, where different colored clothes were worn every day and which aimed to bring the Mongol elite class and the commons closer together, had both material and spiritual meanings for the Mongols. These festivities could be held at summer festivities, winter quriltais, or ascension ceremonies.


This piece centres on the vital role intellectuals and think tanks play in US foreign policymaking. Before examining empirical data and original developments, a middle-level theoretical framework is needed to link our data and grand theories in International Relations and Foreign Policy Analysis. We focus on a 'strategic core force' troika in the US foreign policymaking system and the significant role it has played in policy transformation. It consists of three key elements—'policy architect', 'expert counsellor' and 'policy implementer'. This paper uses a case study from the Asia-Pacific, focusing on the shift of US strategy towards Japan. The post-Cold War period saw increasing uncertainty concerning Japan's role in US foreign policy and led to a critical examination and restructuring of East Asian policy. Although we focus on the 1990s, there are profound implications for current US policy towards East Asia. The policy shift in the 1990s laid the foundation for Obama's 2011 'pivot to Asia' strategy, especially as it relates to US security and military operations. It has become increasingly clear that Japan can provide concrete material support in the form of military and financial assistance and as such its importance for US East Asian policy cannot be overstated.


The Ordovician buried hill in Sangtamu area of Tarim basin is a fractured and vuggy reservoir. In the year 2000-2001, the seismic data processing integrated with interpretation were made, intensifying the surface consistence, prestack noise elimination and Hi-Fi processing. By using modern karst theory, seismic attribute cluster analysis and seismic facies technique to study the structural feature and the karst special distribution in this Ordovician buried hill, the favorable reservoirs, the top configuration are well delineated, with objective prediction of development of the reservoirs and calculation of proved oil-gas reserves. Nowadays, the annual productivity of 200,000 tons has been constructed in this area.


Abstract
Purpose
Criminological, historical, and sociological research has continually underestimated women's violent potential in the German Neo-Nazism movement. Contemplating this leads to questions about female agency in the Third Reich, a link that has not been established yet. This chapter seeks to expose this link, arguing that regardless of social environment, changing gender roles or political situation, Neo-Nazi women and women, in general, have a potential for violence in the public sphere.

Design/methodology/approach
The chapter looks at female perpetrators in both the Third Reich and the contemporary Neo-Nazi period and examines their involvement from the overarching theoretical viewpoint that women are not any less capable of violent crimes than men.

Findings
The scope of Neo-Nazi women's aggression and violence is not a modern phenomenon or an exception. Their invisibility is not a result of their suggested passive involvement; it stems from the public's and institutions' inability to perceive them as agents of violence. Bourdieu developed the concept of symbolic violence to characterize the violence experienced by victims who accept their societal subordination. It is shown that because researchers, officials, and the public reified the concept; they overlooked the reality that women can exercise their agency beyond the limits of their roles as wife and mother and commit violent acts.

Research limitations/implications
Reliable data are not available on the number of violent female Neo-Nazis. It is likely, however, that the numbers given are an underestimation.

Social implications
Law enforcement agencies have long overlooked women as potential offenders. A basic change in perspective is needed to better identify female perpetrators.

Originality/value of paper
The chapter is based on the murders of ten immigrants between 2000 and 2006, which puzzled investigators over a decade. Nobody suspected a woman was a key member of the group thought to be responsible for these murders.


Abstract The populations of Yersinia enterocolitica (serotypes 0:3 and 0:8) exposed to NaCl, KCl and CaCl 2 in meat, decreased as the concentration of each salt increased. Calcium chloride was significantly ( α =0.05) more effective against serotype 0:8. Sodium nitrite was synergistic to the anti-yersinial effect of NaCl. Mathematical equations were developed for the prediction of the population of Y. enterocolitica in meat, exposed to the chloride salts. In addition, these equations can also be used to determine the concentration of a chloride salt required for attaining a predetermined level of the pathogen. The Anti-yersinial Index (AI) demonstrated that CaCl 2 was most efficient against serotype 0:3 while the higher concentrations of KCl (1.8 and 2.2% w/w Cl) were most efficient against serotype 0:8.


Each year there are approximately 76 million foodborne illnesses and fresh produce is the
second most common vehicle for such illnesses. Small fruits have been implicated in several
outbreaks although none have been bacterial. Prior to market small fruits are not washed or treated
in any manner so as to extend their shelf life. Washing alone is not a viable option and the use of
novel technologies needs to be investigated. One such technology is ozone which has been used to
treat drinking water since the late nineteenth century. The efficacy of gaseous ozone to
decontaminate pathogens on strawberries, which were used as a model for small fruits, was
investigated in this study. Strawberries were artificially contaminated with 5 strains of E. coli
O157:H7 and Salmonella. Fruits were treated with 4 ozone treatments; i) continuous ozone flow for
2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 min, ii) pressurized ozone (83 kPa) for 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 min, iii)
continuous ozone (64 min) followed by pressurized ozone (64 min). Maximum reductions of 1.81,
2.32, and 2.96 log10 CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7 were achieved for continuous, pressurized, and
continuous followed by pressurized ozone, respectively. For Salmonella reductions of 0.97, 2.18,
and 2.60 log10 CFU/g were achieved for continuous, pressurized, and continuous followed by
pressurized ozone, respectively. It was concluded that continuous ozone was the least effective
treatment, and that there was no significant difference between pressurized ozone treatment and
continuous followed by pressurized ozone treatment. These results demonstrate that gaseous
ozone has the potential to be used a decontamination method for small fruits.


In this article the ability of complex products to retain their shape under the influence of various strains or dimensional stability. Defined physical chemical properties of clothing details affecting dimensional stability: rigidity, wrinkle resistance, shrinkage, tensile strain, compression, and others. The results of the analysis of the range of shoulder pads and adhesive application technology using multi-pack and perforated mesh stencil. The authors suggested that the technology of "zone" of the adhesive layer, when applied to a single-layer textile component adhesive with different patterns and the amount of adhesive dots in various parts of the top of the shoulder pad part, to enhance the quality of services in the individual order. The technology is protected by patent.


The aim of this study was to compare genetic polymorphisms and concentrations of hepatotoxic metabolites in patients with epilepsy and liver injury and those with normal liver function receiving valproate monotherapy to identify risk factors for VPA‐induced hepatotoxicity. A total of 279 Chinese patients with epilepsy were divided into an abnormal liver function (ANLFT) group (n = 79) and a normal liver function (NLFT) group (n = 200). Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR‐RFLP and nested PCR were applied to identify the frequency of two SNPs in candidate genes. Serum concentrations of VPA and its major metabolites were determined by Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry UPLC‐MS/MS. Significant differences were found in genotype distributions of CYP2A6 and CYP2C9 between the two groups. The values of 4‐ene‐VPA and 2,4‐diene‐VPA in the ANLFT group were significantly higher than in the NLFT group. Only CYP2A6 polymorphisms had associations with the concentrations of 4‐ene‐VPA and 2,4‐diene‐VPA. CYP2A6*1/*4 and CYP2A6*4/*4 variant carriers had higher CDR4‐ene‐VPA and CDR2,4‐diene‐VPA values than CYP2A6*1/*1 carriers. The logistic regression analysis showed that CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 were significant risk factors for hepatotoxicity by increasing the risk by 7.50 and 5.13 times, respectively. These findings provide preliminary evidence that CYP2A6 and CYP2C9 are associated with hepatotoxicity. However, only the CYP2A6 polymorphism was found to be associated with concentrations of 4‐ene‐VPA and 2,4‐diene‐VPA. Potential important risk factors include mutated genotypes of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 and higher concentrations of VPA, 4‐ene‐VPA and 2,4‐diene‐VPA.


In today's uncertain investment environment, the reliability of sovereign risk indicators is key. Miroslava Kostova Karaboytcheva and Carolina Silva argue that, in spite of the clear link that has been drawn between the informal economy of a country and its sovereign risk, this aspect is still not taken into enough account. They propose a way of improving credit ratings estimation by involving a new factor: the shadow economy as a percentage of GDP.


Thalassemia major is a common hemoglobinopathy in Albania. However, there are no data available on the frequency of RBC alloimmunization and autoimmunization in transfusion‐dependent Albanian patients with thalassemia.


Introduction As the impacts of urbanization on remaining natural egetation increase, the role of designed landscapes as refuges for avifauna and other wildlife is expected to rise. Evaluating the impact of methods and technologies applied to reclaim or create such areas provides useful information on which similar projects can be referenced (Aronson et al., 1995) and current progress towards desired goals assessed. Most studies on urban avifauna provide a broadscale assessment of pre-existing vegetation and have wide application in urban ecological planning. However, studies concerning habitat usage of designed


The dielectric parameters and electric conductivity of (NH 2 (CH 3 ) 2 ) 2 CoCl 4 crystals are investigated. Existence of the ferroelectric phase was observed below T c = 258 K. The occurrence of phase transitions at 244, 314, and 435 K is confirmed. The investigated crystals also manifest anomalously high conductivity commensurate with that in semiconductors. Its value as well as region of existence strongly depend on the preceding history of the sample. It is shown that the anomalous conductivity is connected with translocation of protons which participate in the formation of hydrogen bonds.


The ultrasound is a common way to measure the distance or detect an object. This is usually carried out by measuring the time-of-flight of the received echoes reflected by the objects, which is a parameter easily obtained from the signal and that only provides the spatial location. In the present paper, it is presented an electronic signal generator to drive air-coupled ultrasound transducers in a wideband regime. This design is planned to be used as a new application of these sensors, normally used for distance measuring, which is to characterize materials by using the complete signal of the echo to extract more useful information. The design was made with simple materials, but mainly based on a programmed microcontroller capable of making a specified frequency sweep that allows us to create a moderate-power tone burst with the use of a switched amplifier at the output. The tone burst produced by the microcontroller varies the pulse-width in time, obtaining the controllable frequency sweep that has a wide excitation spectrum.


Abstract A simple, green, and efficient method is introduced for the synthesis of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones under mild reaction conditions with improved yields by intramolecular cyclization of o-aminochalcones with zirconyl nitrate [Zn(O)(NO3)2·nH2O] as a water-tolerant Lewis-acid catalyst.


This study investigates some aspects relating to the urban form and design, as part of the international debate on its new instances of urban regeneration and environmental sustainability. Particularly, the theme regards the re-design of degraded urban edges in those towns strongly linked with landscape. The dissertation regards an experimental study of urban and landscape renewal presented for a research project proposed by University of Maryland and RAS Foundation. Its objective is to regenerate degraded urban areas of the "Vesuvian District of Culture & Tourism" of the Campania region, in Italy. In this context, there was a design workshop to prepare projects to be propose to local authorities. The team from the school of Architecture of Bari, composed by A. Petruccioli (scientific coordinator), G. F. Rociola (design coordinator), V. Cantore, P. De Pasquale, F. Erriquez, D. Fallacara (students), studied the town of Pimonte, severely hit by an earthquake about thirty years ago. Its most representative place is the San Michele Arcangelo which surrounding area, as a result of that disastrous event, gradually became a marginalized area, transformed in a dump with illegal buildings. These aspects were considered in the design proposal, characterized by an urban fabric with housing, public buildings, a square and a park. This project attempts to recover the original centrality of the church of San Michele Arcangelo in the urban structure, strengthening at the same time the link between the town and the agricultural landscape of the Lattari mountains. The study aims to provide a methodological contribution for urban and architectural design in the degraded and fragmented built peripheries, according to an approach that considers the project as a critical synthesis of the characteristics of the place, updated in continuity with the "invariants" and the "traces" of the settlement development processes, through their critical interpretation.


Diffraction lines are broadened for two reasons: instrumental eonfigura tion and physical origins. The latter yields information on materials microstructure. The complete process of line-broadening analysis is discussed, beginning with experimental procedure s and a correction for instrumental broadening. In the analysis of the physically broadened line profile, the main emphasis is given to the widely used methods of separation of size and strain broadening: the Warren-Averbach approximation and integral-breadth methods. The integral-breadth methods are collated and their reliability discussed. Close attention is given to an assumed Vcigt-function profile shape for both size-broadened and strain-broadened profiles because it is shown that a Voigt function fits satisfactorily the physically broadened line profiles of W and MgO obtained by the Stokes-deconvolution method. The subsequent analyses of broadening are performed by using the Warren-Averbach and »doubleVoigt«approaches and results are compared.


The haematological, lipid, and antioxidant effects of Parquetina nigrescens (PN) were investigated. 40 male wistar rats were grouped into 4 of 10 rats each. Group A: control; administered 10ml/kg of normal saline. The other groups were administered extract viz: Group B- 50mg/kg, Group C- 100mg/kg, Group D- 150mg/kg. After 21days, blood samples were collected for different analysis. The results revealed decreased WBC count at 50 mg/kg &100mg/kg doses (p<0.05), significant increase in RBC, PCV, & haemoglobin levels (p<0.05) at 50mg/kg dose. There was also significant increase (p<0.05) in total cholesterol (TC), LDL with no change in high density lipoprotein (HDL) at 100mg/kg dose while there was significant increase in the mean TC, TG, LDL as well as HDL at 150mg/kg doses. There was also significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of SOD activity at 100mg/kg dose and a significant reduction in the GPx activity (p <0.05) at 50mg/kg & 100mg/kg dose groups. The observations from this study reveal that PN possesses erythropoietic potentials at minimal dose which lends support to its folkric use in the treatment of anaemia. It could also serve as a free radical scavenger as it possesses antioxidant activities. However caution should be taken in its use as it has potentials to increase LDL.


justified on two grounds. Firstly, women would benefit from the earlier detection of invasive lesions, and, secondly, doctors would gain a better understanding of the natural history of cervical cancer. The introduction of routine screening of the cervix for cancer brings with it many other problems. Not the least of them is finding a method that is suitable for practical application on a large scale. The size of the task created by the nation-wide screening of women is overwhelming and a burden that cannot be carried with the aid of methods and resources at present available. Even if it were possible to collect the specimens in requisite numbers, there are insufficient technicians to process and scan the cervical smears. Nevertheless, a comprehensive service of this sort could not afford to reduce its load, or justify doing so, by eliminating a large and most important group of women on age alone. Though the incidence of carcinoma-in-situ in women between the ages of 20 and 30 is lower than in older women, it is still about 3-4 per 1,000, as Dr. J. T. Boyd and his colleagues point out at p. 785 of this week's B.M.J. The hopes that were raised when D. G. Bonham and D. F. Gibbs" introduced a histochemical test for detecting increased quantities of the enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the vaginal fluid of women with carcinoma of the cervix have gradually faded.5 The careful comparison of the results of screening by cytological and enzyme tests presented by Boyd and his colleagues shows convincingly that little will be gained by pursuing the application of enzyme detection on a large scale. Despite reports8 7 that the estimation of 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity in vaginal fluid may be used to detect invasive cervical cancer, its reliability-is far below that of cytology for the detection of carcinomain-situ. Boyd and his colleagues have also highlighted another of the problems encountered in large-scale routine screening for cervical cancer-namely, the reluctance of women to accept this service even when it was offered freely and under conditions that must have caused them very little inconvenience. Of even greater importance is that they have confirmed that it is the women who are at greatest risk from cervical cancer who are the most reluctant to participate in a survey of this sort. Probably fear and ignorance are important factors in this respect. Though routine screening for cervical cancer cannot yet be offered to every woman in Britain, it is important that the problem of education should be tackled now. This is not just a problem, however, of educating the publicsome doctors also have yet to be convinced of the value of routine screeninT. As F. J. Hofmeister8 has emphasized, education for carrying out cervical screening programmes must begin with the doctors, and, before that, with medical students.


This chapter deals with the alliance between Japan and the United States (U.S.). The Prime Minister of Japan and the President of the U.S. agree that the three legs of the Japan-U.S. relationshipsecurity, political, and economicare based on shared values and interests and rest on the mutual confidence embodied in the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security. The Prime Minister and the President reaffirm their strong determination, on the eve of the 21st century, to build on the successful history of security cooperation and to work hand-in-hand to secure peace and prosperity for future generations. The strong Alliance between Japan and the U.S. helped to ensure peace and security in the Asia- Pacific region during the Cold War. The Alliance continues to underlie the dynamic economic growth in this region.Keywords: Asia-Pacific region; Cold War; Japan-U.S. Alliance; Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security


This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary wild-ginseng adventitious root meal on growth performance, blood characteristics and meat quality characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. Ninety six pigs[(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] with average initial body weight of 68.29±0.31kg were used in 70d growth trial. Dietary treatments included 1) CON(Basal diet), 2) WGR1(Basal diet+0.5% wild- ginseng adventitious root meal), 3) WGR2(Basal diet+1.0% wild-ginseng adventitious root meal) and 4) WGR3(Basal diet+1.5% wild-ginseng adventitious root meal). The pigs were allotted into four dietary treatments with six replicate pens and four pigs per pen in a completely randomized design. For the whole period, final body weight and ADG were increased in CON treatment compared to WGR3 treatment(Linear effect, P=0.005). In blood characteristics, red blood cell(RBC) was significantly increased in CON and WGR2 treatments compared to WGR1 treatment (Quadratic effect, P=0.019). WGR2 treatment resulted in higher white blood cell(WBC) than CON and WGR1 treatments(Linear effect, P=0.041). WBC difference was significantly improved in WGR2 treatment compared to other treatments (Linear effect, P=0.042). Total protein was increased in WGR2 treatment compared to CON treatment (Quadratic effect, P=0.011). In cholesterol concentration of blood, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were not significantly different among treatments. In meet quality, pH in WGR1 treatment was higher than WGR3 treatment(Quadratic effect=0.022). Water holding capacity(WHC) was significantly increased in WGR2 treatment compared to WGR3 treatment(Quadratic effect, P=0.050).


Singular perturbations technique is a means of taking into account neglected high-frequency and parasitic phenomena into modeling systems by decoupling the representation into separate slow and fast time-scales. The practical advantages of a singular perturbation in model order are significant, since the order of every real dynamical system is higher than that of the model used to represent the system. This thesis focus is emphasized on the fault diagnosis of two time-scaled singularly perturbed systems. By decoupling the original full-order system into higher-order slow and fast subsystem models, our goal is to design a composite diagnoser based on diagnosers designed for the two subsystems to detect and isolate the faults in the original full-order system. Based on a power series expansion of the exact slow manifold associated with the original model around [varepsilon] = 0 , higher-order corrections of the manifold are obtained. Conditions are formulated for which a composite diagnoser can be designed for the original full-order system. Satisfying the conditions of a geometric approach, this composite diagnoser is used to diagnose the faults in the original full-order system. The illustrated methodology is applied to a two time-scale aircraft longitudinal dynamical model as well as the four degree of freedom gyroscope.


. Let R be a complete equicharacteristic noetherian local domain and ν a valuation of its field of fractions whose valuation ring dom-inates R with trivial residue field extension. The semigroup of values of ν on R \ { 0 } is not finitely generated in general. We produce equations in an appropriate generalized power series ring for the algebra encoding the degeneration of R to the toric graded algebra gr ν R associated to the filtration defined by ν . We apply this to represent ν as the limit of a sequence of Abhyankar semivaluations (valuations on quotients) of R with finitely generated semigroups.


Human analysts must reverse engineer binary programs as a prerequisite for a number of security tasks, such as vulnerability analysis, malware detection, and firmware re-hosting. Existing studies of human reversers and the processes they follow are limited in size and often use qualitative metrics that require subjective evaluation. In this paper, we reframe the problem of reverse engineering binaries as the problem of perfect decompilation , which is the process of recovering, from a binary program, source code that, when compiled, produces binary code that is identical to the original binary. This gives us a quantitative measure of understanding, and lets us examine the reversing process programmatically.Wedevelopedatool, called D ECOMPERSON , that supported a group of reverse engineers during a large-scale security competition designed to collect information about the participants' reverse engineering process, with the well-defined goal of achieving perfect decompilation. Over 150 people par-ticipated,andwe collectedmore than 35,000 code submissions, the largest manual reverse engineering dataset to date. This includes snapshots of over 300 successful perfect decompilation attempts. In this paper, we show how perfect decompilation allows programmatic analysis of such large datasets, providing new insights into the reverse engineering process.


To improve the tracking performance of the pan-tilt visual tracking system, a Predictive Active Disturbance Rejection Control (P-ADRC) with parameter optimization is proposed. In this approach, the impact of internal parameter uncertainties and external disturbances on the closed-loop system performance is suppressed. Advance prediction of the target dynamics is achieved by Singular Value Decomposition-Unscented Kalman Filter (SVD-UKF), which reduces response lag caused by Tracking Differentiator (TD) in ADRC and visual processing. To realize optimal performance of P-ADRC, the Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) is used to overcome the problems of numerous parameters and difficulty in tuning. Simulation results indicate that, realizing satisfactory transient response and anti-disturbance behavior, the proposed method drastically reduces the Root Mean Square (RMS) tracking error of the pan-tilt system compared to conventional ADRC.


[Objective]To identify the standard of radiographic diagnosis and analyse the measurement between tailor's bunion and normal feet. [Methods]The fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (IM4~5),modified fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (MIM4~5),metatarsophalangeal-fifth angle (MPA),lateral deviation of the fifth metatarsal angle (LDA),width of fifth metatarsal head (WMH),distance of prominence of the fifth metatarsal head (DPMH) were measured by X-ray for 131 feet of normal persons and 117 feet of tailor's bunion. The measured results and other clinical presentations were compared.[Results]The IM4~5 were 13.57°±2.99° and 8.88°±1.88° on average.MIM4~5 were 12.80°±2.86° and 9.28°±2.13°on average. MPA were 18.47°±6.22° and 9.96°±5.39° on average. LDA were 6.55°±4.06°and 3.36°±2.10° on average. WMH were 13.27 mm±1.59 mm and 12.00 mm±1.25mm on average. DPMH were 3.91 mm±1.08 mm and 3.12 mm±0.74 mm on average in patients and normal feet. In the normal persons:IM4~5 were 5.19° to 12.58°, MIM4~5 were 5.09° to13.47° , MPA 1.38° to 19.04° , LDA 1.21° to 7.59° , WMH 9.55 mm to 14.45 mm, and DPMH 1.65 mm to 4.59 mm.There were statistically difference in each measured value between normal feet and tailor's bunion (P0.01).The IM4~5 is positively correlated with the MPA in the group of tailor's bunion (r =0.36,P0.05).[Conclusion]The radiographic measurement is an important clinical-index for diagnosis of tailor's bunion. The diagnosis of tailor's bunion is based on clinical presentations and radiographic angles (IM4~59°, MPA10° and LDA3°).


Microbubbles (MBs) exhibit cavitation upon exposure to ultrasound (US), which creates opportunities to adopt them in new therapeutic approaches. The present study reports an efficient, translatable approach to precisely control the spaciotemporal delivery of therapeutic microRNAs (AmiR‐21 and miR‐100) and TK‐p53‐NTR triple therapeutic gene, co‐loaded in PLGA‐PEG‐PEI polymer nanoparticles (NPs) to tumor models of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using US‐mediated targeted destruction of BR38 MBs. PLGA‐PEG‐PEI conjugated triblock co‐polymer NPs are synthesized and characterized for their physicochemical properties, and optimized for co‐loading of miRNAs and TK‐p53‐NTR. Quantitative in vivo imaging and ex vivo tissue analysis of 4T1 (TNBC) subcutaneous tumors in BALB/c mice reveal 19 ± 0.5% (p < 0.01) increase in delivery of miRNAs, and 48 ± 1.79% (p < 0.001) increase in delivery of TK‐p53‐NTR upon US treatment, which results to 48 ± 6.98% (p < 0.01) reduction in tumor growth as compared to contralateral tumors without US. This significantly increases the survival rate of animals as compared to pDNA control group. Similar treatment effects are observed in both TNBC and HCC tumor models. This novel combined therapeutic approach, entailing both miRNAs and suicide gene therapy has strong potential for future applications in cancer therapy.


Objective:To analyze the irrationality of clinical use of antimicrobials in dermatology department,and provide reference for rational use of antimicrobials.Methods:19 905 Clinical prescriptions were selected randomly for analysis in 2008,and all antibiotic prescriptions were investigated and analyzed with DDDs、DUI、compatibility between diagnoses and prescription、irrationality of combined antibiotics and irrational items of prescriptions.Results:Rate of antibiotic prescriptions was 25.29%(5 034/19 905).Among them,irrational prescriptions occupied 28.78%(1 449/5 034).Conclusion:The irrational use of antibiotics in dermatology department has various manifestations and the management should be strengthened.


The FD-FLIM technique has a high potential for automated post-consumer wood sorting. A problem of analysing post-consumer wood fluorescence properties is the uncertainty of the post-consumer wood category as the origin of the samples are unknown. In this study, the fluorescence properties of actual post-consumer wood is compared with prepared wood samples. The post-consumer wood samples display slightly different fluorescence intensities and lifetimes due to environmental influences and a higher sample diversity. For improved training of evaluation algorithms for post-consumer wood sorting, the prepared sample set should be extended or the post-consumer wood should be additionally analysed in the laboratory.


The historical climate data are used in this paper to analyze outgoing Transfer rule of air pollutant in Taiyuan city. Through comprehensive study on the data of surface air and lower level air monitoring (by airplane) and sounding (by balloon) at the same time, a further understanding in the aspect of transfer channel of air pollutant to the middle and the south of Taiyuan Basin and the transformation from SO 2 into aerosol obtained.


Sue Allingham, author, trainer and consultant, discusses some of the latest news stories from the sector, encouraging us to be critical of suggested improvements to practice while still open to learning from what is happening elsewhere in the world.


The ultimate goal of the companies is to enhance the wealth of the shareholders. For that purpose the liquidity and profitability plays the vital and crucial role. Especially the liquidity and its management are caused to great extent of the growth and profitability of a firm. The liquidity management becomes the most important one as the inadequate liquidity may injurious to the smooth operations of the firm as well as the excess liquidity can be disturbed to achieve the greater profits. In this way, this book provides a brief understanding about the relationship between liquidity and profitability with past literature support based on a conducted research.


Exposures to airborne irritants such as O/sub 3/, NO/sub 2/, SO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ can produce measurable changes in a variety of pulmonary functions such as respiratory mechanics, pulmonary gas exchange, mucociliary particle clearance, and airway permeability. The most commonly measured indices of pulmonary function are those obtained by analyzing flows and volumes during a maximal forced expiratory maneuver, because they can be obtained readily in both laboratory and field studies in humans. Other functional measures are essentially limited to laboratory studies on relatively small populations of humans, or on experimental animals. Interpretation of respiratory function changes in relation to exposures to airborne irritants is complicated by the large interindividual variability in baseline function and responsiveness, the superposition of both the transient effects of recent acute exposure and the cumulative effects of chronic exposure at any given measurement, and the inherent day-to-day variability of effort dependent indices. Each of several components may affect the same functions, but with different time scales and may affect different segments of the population of different degrees. The greatest uncertainties lie in the significance of transient and apparently reversible effects, and their contribution, if any, to permanent functional changes. Use of animal modelsmore » to study the role of transient changes in function on the development of permanent changes is illustrated in terms of the effects of H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ on particle clearance function.« less


Nuclear blasts leave plumes of residue and sources of radiation behind that can be used to determine their origin. To assist in locating the best areas to collect ground samples a team from West Point developed an autonomous Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) swarm system for expedited remote sensing. The system includes several distributed control algorithms to enable a team of quadrotor UAS to rapidly survey regions for radiation. Each vehicle is equipped with a sensor suite to measure radiation and estimate the source strength on the surface. While UAS survey the area, their data is fused into a single heatmap which becomes available in real-time to end-users employing the Android Tactical Assault Kit (ATAK). A rapid deployment system was developed to streamline how UAS are configured in preflight and enables them to launch directly from a box used for transport. The system was successfully demonstrated in a live flight test event over an active radiation field at Savannah River Site SC in April 2019.


We prove that every law of the lattice of all τ-closed formations of finite groups is fulfilled in the lattice of all τ-closed n-multiply ω-composition formations of finite groups for every non-empty set of primes ω and every non-negative integer n. Let n ≥ 0 and ω be an infinite set of primes. It is proved that the lattice of all τ-closed n-multiply ω-composition formations is not distributive.


For two flavors, the seesaw matrix can be identified with a two dimensional representation of the Lorentz group. This analogy facilitates the computation of physical neutrino parameters, while giving an intuitive understanding of the results. It is found that the induced mixing angle exhibits resonance behavior. For maximal mixing, we derive a precise relation among the right-handed mixing angle, the Majorana mass ratio, and their phase.


Abstract From 1994–1996 we investigated effects of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism on Black-throated Sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata) nesting success in the Verde Valley of central Arizona. Of 56 Black-throated Sparrow nests, 52% were parasitized. Black-throated Sparrows appear to respond to natural parasitism by accepting the cowbird egg, deserting the nest, or burying the cowbird egg. Removal and damage of host eggs by female cowbirds effectively reduced clutch size from an average of 3.4 to 1.9 eggs. Because of this reduced clutch size, Black-throated Sparrow reproductive success was significantly lower in parasitized nests (0.2 young fledged/ nest) as compared to nonparasitized nests (1.6 young fledged/nest). When comparing cowbird parasitism between two habitat types, we found significantly higher parasitism frequencies in crucifixion-thorn (Canotia holacantha) versus creosote-bush (Larrea divaricata) habitat. We argue that this difference in parasitism is due to the greater number of tall perches (e.g., shrubs >4 m) available in crucifixion-thorn habitat, providing vantage points for female cowbirds to better find Black-throated Sparrow nests.


Objective: The aim was to investigate hepatitis C virus (HCV) knowledge and alcohol consumption among patients (n = 114) in a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinic in Shanghai. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in an MMT clinic. Structured questionnaires (HCV Knowledge Scale and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)) and some open-ended questions were used to assess (i) HCV knowledge, (ii) HCV treatment received, (iii) awareness of HCV status, and (iv) alcohol consumption. Results: Findings revealed the HCV-positive rate was 57.0%. There were significant gaps in knowledge about HCV and HCV treatment received. The group mean score of HCV knowledge was 11.3 out of 20 (SD = 2.1) and the mean score on the AUDIT was 3.2 (SD = 5.4). Most participants (68.4%) reported not knowing their HCV status. Among HCV-positive participants, only 15.3% had received HCV antivirus treatment and 18.4% expressed a need for counseling about HCV infection. Conclusions: Considering the limited HCV knowledge and low level of HCV treatment received, effective HCV education and intervention strategies should be developed to target patients in China's MMT clinics. Moreover, alcohol screening should also be part of the routine assessments within MMT programs. Scientific Significance: This study reveals the importance of HCV testing and education among drug users in MMT clinics.


204 www.pccmjournal.org February 2017 • Volume 18 • Number 2 The authors reply: We appreciate the interest of Koomen and Wöstenvan Asperen (1) in our article (2). They raise concerns regarding the utility and generalizability of alveolar dead space fraction (AVDSf) in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). They point to inaccuracies in measurement of AVDSf, specifically related to inaccuracies of end-tidal Co 2 (Petco 2 ) from endotracheal tube leak and dead space from ventilator tubing as opposed to the respiratory system itself. We agree with them that accurate measurement of Petco 2 is essential for AVDSf to be a useful metric in PARDS. Endotracheal tube leak was minimal in our cohort, as all patients had an endotracheal tube leak less than 15% (median, 0% [0–1%]), with 95% of patients having a leak less than or equal to 5%. Our institution universally uses cuffed endotracheal tubes, minimizing the effect of leak on our measurements. This practice is supported by the recent recommendations from the 2015 Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference, which states "Cuffed endotracheal tubes are recommended when conventionally ventilating a patient with PARDS" (3). One additional study reporting on the utility of AVDSf in children reported leaks of 6% ± 6% (4). All studies investigating AVDSf in children have excluded patients with leak greater than 20% (2, 4, 5). Additionally, the Petco 2 in our study was measured proximate to the endotracheal tube, and we do not find this configuration to affect measured AVDSf, as the effect of ventilator and tubing dead space is minimized. Therefore, for populations which predominantly use uncuffed endotracheal tubes, or in which leak greater than 20% is more commonly present, we would agree that AVDSf would be inaccurate and unreliable. Taken together, it would be nice to have a biomarker to use, but determination of AVDSf in the general PICU patient population is a lot harder than Yehya et al (1), suggest. Furthermore, validation of the discriminative value of AVDSf has to be determined in a prospective study, which could help to address the real value of AVDSf. The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.


Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), a fatal infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) is considered as a neglected disease in the tropical areas, and newer agents with unique mechanism of action are urgently needed. In this work, 65 Imidazopyridine analogues from known literature were selected for building statistically robust genetic algorithm (GA) based QSAR models. Furthermore, values for the various cross-validation properties supported its statistical robustness (model 1, [Formula: see text], RMSE[Formula: see text], MAE[Formula: see text], CCC[Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]). Our in silico ADMET analysis revealed that a designed molecule, S10 may act as potent lead (T. brucei, pEC[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]M), [Formula: see text]) with better pharmacokinetics, no carcinogenicity, class III acute oral toxicity, minimal OCT1 and OCT2 inhibitions and no eye corrosion profiles. Our molecular docking analysis (on 42 drug targets) for a dataset and designed molecules demonstrated higher binding affinity of Imidazopyridine analogues with T. brucei farnesyl diphosphate synthase (TbFPPS) (PDB id: 2I19). This observation was further supported by 100[Formula: see text]ns molecular dynamics analysis retaining better stability of complex. Thus, imidazopyridine analogues would provide a promising scaffold for the development of anti-HAT agents.


This work in Utopia Planitia is the first continuous regional mapping of ice‐related landforms integrated into an effort to study the three main basins (Arcadia, Acidalia, and Utopia Planitiae) in the northern plains. The distribution and morphotypes of these landforms, SHAllow RADar detections, and crater size‐frequency distribution measurements (>50 m in diameter) were used to understand the permafrost cryolithology and its past evolution in relation to climate in Utopia Planitia. Three assemblages of landforms were identified based on their spatial correlation and correlation with Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter surface roughness along a strip from 30°N to 80°N. At 30°–38°N, the assemblage is formed by kilometer‐scale polygons, high‐albedo mounds, and thumbprint terrains. This assemblage is associated with a lobate deposit of 30 m in thickness with a crater retention age of 1 Ga. At 38°–47°N, the assemblage is comprised of large scallops, 100‐m‐diameter polygons, pits, and mantled deposits. This assemblage is correlated with a deposit of 80 m in thickness containing excess ice (~50–85% by volume) with a crater retention age of about 10 Ma. At 47°–78°N, the assemblage is composed of mantled deposits, textured terrains, and 30‐m‐diameter polygons. This assemblage is related to the ice‐rich, debris‐covered, latitude‐dependent mantle that has a crater retention age of about 1.5 Ma. Utopia Planitia appears to be a region of combined depositions of sediment and continuous cold climatic conditions that leaded to a complex distribution of ground ice.


THE primary purpose of this investigation was to develop and standardize an experimental method of preparing dentinal cavities in the molar of the rat which could be successfully sealed with a filling material. The effects of such materials upon the pulp could thus be tested. It is essential to develop methods of testing the effects of filling material and medicaments upon the pulp. A number of experimental studies on the effect of various materials upon the pulp have been investigated on the teeth of the dog, monkey, and man. Human teeth would be the most desirable test objects, but for obvious reasons it is difficult to find healthy human teeth which could be used in experimental investigations of this kind. Monkeys and dogs, while available in sufficient numbers for experimental study on their teeth, are expensive to keep and require considerable attention. The rat, on the other hand, is a convenient and less expensive animal for experimental investigations. The molar of the rat is anatomically and biologically similar to the human molar (Schour and Massler3) and therefore well suited for studies of the dental pulp. A careful study of the literature shows no previous investigation on the rat molar as a biologic testing tool for the effects of dental materials upon the pulp.


A breathalyzer check device was designed by using AT89C51 MCU and MQ3 alcohol sensor,with alcohol concentration check and monitoring function. The system uses integrated AT89C51,ADC0804,DS1302 clock chip,small volume,low power consumption of the chip as the data processing unit,makes the system miniaturization,and greatly reduces the power consumption of the system. The test results show that: the system error is less than 0. 03mg / L,the measurement range of 0. 03mg / L ~ 0.75mg / L. The tester portable,simple to use,can be used for the selftesting whether excessive drinking,can also be used for alcohol concentration monitor.


My management placement in the final year of training was on a trauma and orthopaedic ward. I had the opportunity to plan and prepare a service improvement project as part of my final dissertation.


In this work, a modified theory (model) of composite mechanics was developed to predict the tensile modulus of elasticity (MOE) of resinated wood with the consideration of glue penetration. Variables built into the model included species, glue solids spread (GS), wood thickness and compression ratio (CR). The results showed that the effect of glue on the wood tensile MOE differed from species to species. With the increase of glue dosage, thOE first increased linearly and then leveled off at a threshold level of GS. Further increase of glue dosage made the MOE exhibit either a small increase or a decrease depending on the wood and glue properties. With a normal range of GS (50 to 90 g.m-2), the effect of glue on the wood tensile MOE became negligible if wood thickness was larger than 1.4 mm. Also, an increase in CR resulted in a predictable increase of the wood MOE. The model prediction showed a good agreement with the published experimental results. Further validation of the model is underway.


: Experiments are carried out in the present paper to study the feature of pressure fluctuating in helical coil for both adiabatic and boiling steam- water two- phase flows.And the effects of heat flux on the fluctuations are stressed study.It shows that heat flux has great influence on the fluctuation feature.The root mean square (RMS) of the fluctuation process under the condition of low heat flux is similar as that of adiabatic flow,while the RMS of great heat flux differs greatly for that of adiabatic flow.The fractal dimension is close to 1.50 under the condition of great heat flux,which means the pressure fluctuating is approaching stochastic process.The correlation dimension increases with increase of heat flux.The Kolmogorov entropy on the condition of low heat flux is greater than that of adiabatic flow,while the contrary appears under the condition of great heat flux.It can be concluded that the flow pattern map and transition theories for flow patterns on basis of adiabatic flow just can be extrapolated to boiling flow with low heat flux.


The objective of this project was to develop a speaker-based active control system capable of dissipating reverberant acoustic energy within the fuselage of a typical business jet aircraft. A ground-based fuselage was utilized as the test-bed for the work conducted in this project. Typical aircraft fuselage trim was installed to more accurately reflect the acoustic properties of a flight-ready aircraft. Speaker locations were selected based upon the acoustic modal characteristics of the fuselage and practical considerations concerning available space in the walls of the trim. Preliminary control experiments involving single-input, single-output, feedback loops resulted in a very localized zone of quiet which yielded no global effects. Multi-input, multi-output feedback control with a distributed array of eight pairs of transducers weighted (spatially) to emphasize energy dissipation of select acoustic modes resulted in as much as 6 dB of global attenuation at acoustic resonances corresponding to the secon...


In order to distribute the rudiments of plant systems and renewable energy systems, a T-S-K fuzzy logic approach is taken in combination with multiple objective genetic algorithm approach. These approaches overcame non linearity in the water-energy dynamic and in the dynamic of easterly wind and shortwave solar flux present on a global scale. Hence system blocks for plant and renewable systems are presented. Increased rationality of the MOGA is shown with use of increased orders of differentiation. Consequently algorithms for plant systems and renewable systems presented orthogonal distribution with use of a domain flipping function. Furthermore, convergence between the two system blocks is identified with use of Lyapunov stability and sliding mode combinatorial technique effectively coupling the elements of each system block.


1. Management of dental caries 2. Periodontal disease 3. Endodontic problems in advanced operative dentistry 4. Tooth wear 5. Aesthetic problems 6. Occlusion 7. Cores 8. Gold crowns 9. Gold restorations: the metals, the manufacture and the fit 10. Metal-ceramic crowns 11. All-ceramic crowns 12. Inlays, onlays and veneers 13. Impression materials and techniques 14. Provisional restorations 15. Getting the appearance correct 16. Complex multiple fixed and combined fixed and removable prosthodontics 17. When and how to replace missing teeth 18. Minimal preparation (resin retained) bridges 19. Conventional bridges


"Stone is stable and is not easy to be moved away. No matter what the weather is, the stone will still be there, comforting it. The stone enjoys environment where it is placed, with flowers, grasses, mountains all around. Stone is like me who can insist and comfort with different challenges and difficulties." "Challenges just like big waves. Shake me, flow me, frightened me. I could not say I enjoy it, but I know challenges bring me golden rain. Wisdom like gold. Golden rain strengthens my golden boat."


This paper proposed a data structure to store irregular warehouse layout diagram. A warehouse unit is defined as four kinds, which are storage point, passage, node and block respectively. The shortest distance and route between two storage points can be calculated by virtue of their adjacent nodes. Based on this, a new genetic algorithm is proposed with an assumption that an order-picking operation always access goods as many as the vehicle can accommodate. An order involved some goods stored in different storage points. The storage point's sequence in the order is encoded a chromosome. A chromosome determines the number of order-picking operations and the total distance. Although this assumption made the algorithm search only part of the whole solution space, compared with one of the other genetic algorithm, this new genetic algorithm has better result. The reason maybe lies in that fewer order-picking operations conform to the optimizing goal.


ABSTRACT
 Housing research was introduced in Portugal during the 1960s, at the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, LNEC), as a prominent scientific area in the international post-war conjuncture. The contributions of the LNEC's research work guided architectural practice and political decisions following the aftermath of the Portuguese dictatorship in 1974. Based on primary sources, including documentation found at the LNEC library and archives, but also on the qualitative analysis of several interviews/oral statements conducted between 2017 and 2019 with the LNEC's former researchers, this paper discloses how the LNEC's legacy on housing research supported the establishment of the Portuguese housing programme in the 1970s, with effects in current times, both on a scientific level as well as for policy guidance.


Purpose: We continue our investigations regarding assessing the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of extracts derived from the leaves of various plants belonging to the Ficus genus. In the current study, we aimed to assess the antibacterial properties of ethanolic extract prepared from leaves of Ficus cyathistipula Warb. against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to evaluate the possible use of this plant in the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by these bacteria.
Methodology. The leaves of F. cyathistipula were sampled at M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden (NBG, Kyiv, Ukraine) and the Botanic Garden of Ivan Franko National University in Lviv (Lviv, Ukraine). Freshly collected leaves were washed, weighed, and homogenized in 96% ethanol (in the proportion of 1:9, w/w) at room temperature. The extract was then filtered and investigated for its antimicrobial activity. The testing of the antibacterial activity of the plant extract was carried out in vitro by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula (ATCC®27853™), Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC®35218™), and Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC®25922™), as well as Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain (ATCC®25923™), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain (ATCC®29213™) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (NEQAS 3679™), as well as the fungus Candida albicans locally isolated, were used as test organisms. Zone diameters were determined and averaged. The following zone diameter criteria were used to assign susceptibility or resistance of bacteria to the phytochemicals tested: Susceptible ≥ 15 mm, Intermediate = 10–15 mm, and Resistant ≤ 10 mm.
Scientific novelty. The ethanolic extract derived from the leaves of F. cyathistipula exhibited varying inhibitory activities against all the test strains. More sensitive for this extract was C. albicans strain. S. aureus subsp. aureus strain (ATCC® 25923™), S. aureus subsp. aureus strain (ATCC® 29213™), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (NEQAS 3679™), P. aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula (ATCC® 27853™), E. coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 25922™), and E. coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 35218™) strains were more resistant to F. cyathistipula extract. The results are encouraging enough to pursue bioactivity-guided fractionation of this extract and structure elucidation of the active phytoconstituents from the F. cyathistipula extract as a possible anti-bacterial agent.
Conclusions. S. aureus and C. albicans appeared to be more sensitive to the F. cyathistipula extract. The antibacterial activity may be associated with the presence of secondary metabolites. The results of this study provide baseline information on F. cyathistipula potential validity in the treatment of fungus-induced and bacterial infections, caused by Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus.


We propose the proper image compensation method for page-oriented HDS. By inserting reserved blocks in data page, misalignment of reserved blocks can be calculated. With obtained misalignment, SLM pixel values can be retrieved.


example, size, asset size of obligor, industry, market, and others) and to examine the relationship of prospective measures of quality (investment agency lists, state legal lists, market risk premiums on yield) to loss rates, default rates, and realized yields. Results of this painstaking analysis are spelled out with the meticulous care we have come to expect from National Bureau projects. There is something for almost everyone interested in this highly technical field. Institutional bond buyers may not find the volume an "open sesame" to profitable operations, but they can ill afford to ignore the statistical materials supplied or the statistical methods applied. Hickman also provides some insights into questions of investment theory and general historical financial development. His discussion of the neoclassical concept of a premium for risk bearing (pp. 322-24) is an excellent example of the former, while the latter is exemplified by the lack of evidence uncovered to support the myth of increasing bond-market domination by large corporations. All in all, this is an excellent piece of work, living up to the promise of its predecessor and to the established reputation of its institutional cousins. ARTHUR KEMP, Claremont Men's College


Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic and radiographic features of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis(JHF)and its differential diagnosis.Methods A case of JHF was presented,and analysed clinicopathologically,immunohistochemically and radiographically.Results With immunostaining,the cellular stromal component was strongly positive for vimentin.The hyaline matrix was strongly PAS positive.Furthermore,there are some special radiographic features in our case,such as "permanently molar-like teeth,the mature free bone and zygoma zygomatic arch dysplasia" et al.Conclusion JHF is a rare non-tumorous autosomally-recessive disease with an onset in infancy or early childhood.It is characterized by papulonodular skin lesions,soft tissue masses,gingival hypertrophy,joint contractures and osteolytic bone lesions.The accumulation of an amorphous hyaline ground substance is typical in the skin and the other organs.The diagnosis of JHF mainly depends on pathological and immunohistochemical examination.


Water pollution is a serious issue all over the world because water is contaminated by various pollutants, out of which dyes are most common and hazardous because of their complex structures making them stable, non-degradable and hazardous. Azure A is such a dye. Composite of rGO/CuS was prepared by mechanochemical method and further characterized by XRD, FTIR and EDAX techniques. This composite was used to degrade azure A photocatalytically. This composite showed better photocatalytic property as compared to pure CuS. Optimum conditions for maximum dye degradation were observed as: pH = 6.5, [Azure A] = 3.4×10 –5 M , amount of composite = 0.06 g and light intensity = 50.0 mW cm –2 .


PURPOSE: An education method for manufacturing cad and cam dental prosthetic material is provided to educate a manufacturing method using a model and oral scan. CONSTITUTION: An education method for manufacturing cad and cam dental prosthetic material comprises: a step of pouring gypsum in an impression and shaping; a step of converting the model in a three-dimensional digital shape and dental-scanning; a step of designing dental coping; a step of transferring the digital shape into a milling machine(30); a step of preparing coping; and a step of sintering the dental coping.


Objective To discuss the treatment to maximize the possibility of successful therapy of multiple trauma.Methods Retrospectively sum up the cases of multiple trauma from Jan 2004 to Dec 2006 in our hospital,and discuss the treatment and mode we have conducted.Results The sum of all cases:114,the sum of successful curative cases:86(75%);mortality:19(16.6%).Conclusion The treatment toward multiple trauma is still a pivot in emergency treatment field.The conceptions of "Golden hour","Platinum 10 min","Damage Control" and "Delayed Resuscitation" could boom the treatment skill.The direction for the development of trauma treatment is to be more professional as well as more integrated.


This paper presents a method for representing the geometries of translational swept volumes of three-dimensional objects which can be constructed by the union of three types of primitive objects: blocks, cylinders, and spheres. The representation method involves three major steps. First, the swept volume of each primitive object is modeled by a boundary representation. Second, based on ray-casting and scan-rendering methods, the boundary representation is converted into a ray in–out classification, which represents the rays entering and exiting from the primitive swept volume. Third, the ray in–out classifications for various primitive swept volumes are combined to represent the swept volume of an object constructed from the primitive objects. Examples are given to illustrate how swept-volume representations can be useful in the context of off-line NC and robot program verifications.


The representation of solar technologies in a research version of the GCAM (formerly MiniCAM) integrated assessment model have been enhanced to add technologies, improve the underlying data, and improve the interaction with the rest of the model. We find that the largest potential impact from the inclusion of thermal Concentrating Solar Power plants, which supply a substantial portion of electric generation in sunny regions of the world. Drawing on NREL research, domestic Solar Hot Water technologies have also been added in the United States region where this technology competes with conventional electric and gas technologies. PV technologies are as implemented in the CCTP scenarios, drawing on NREL cost curves for the United States, extrapolated to other world regions using a spatial analysis of population and solar resources.