ABSTRACTThis paper turns to the insights of New Governance in order to explain how law was used to promote innovations in health care governance in the Canadian province of Ontario between 2004 and 2012. New Governance refers to a family of approaches that are more flexible and less prescriptive. My research includes review of government documents, legislation and other sources in order to identify changes to regulation and governance. I also draw upon interviews with seven organizations in the sector, which were conducted as part of a larger project to help contextualize and explain the changes in law. I argue that, while the formal legal and regulatory apparatus continue to be used to regulate the provision of care and treatment, New Governance approaches represent additional processes and procedures to problem-solve challenges in the sector. Law is being used to formalize or strengthen these processes and procedures in order to allow long-term care home residents, families, friends, and workers to participate in problem-solving. This increasing emphasis on processes can be understood as an attempt to broaden the scope of possible solutions and changes that could be implemented in the sector. For future research, I suggest that more attention be paid to interrogating the relationships that enable New Governance techniques.Keywords: governance, regulation, experimentalism, long-term care, disability, innovation.IntroductionIn Canada, and around the world, public sector managers and their political masters continue to respond to challenges in their respective health care systems. According to the Institute of Public Administration of Canada, factors such as an aging population, increasing prevalence of chronic conditions, implementation of new technologies, and the introduction of new and costly pharmaceuticals contribute to the rising health care costs of provincial and territorial governments (Institute of Public Administration of Canada, 2013: 3). Most frequently, public discourse around health care is related to the level and quality of services, and the funding for such services. Colleen Flood explains the crisis talk in an Ontario context:In the end, recurrent political debates are reduced to issues of money, and the problems of the system are blamed on the lack of it. We believe, however, that the Ontario crisis in health care, along with similarly situated health care schemes, has more to do with an absence of effective governance (Flood, 2004: 170).One could ask how the literature on governance responds to current and future challenges in the health care system. By governance, I mean "the changing boundaries between the public, private and voluntary sectors, and the changing role of the state" (Rhodes, 2012: 33). This paper turns to the insights of New Governance in order to explain how law was used to promote innovations in health care governance in the Canadian province of Ontario between 2004 and 2012. New Governance consists of a range of processes and practices that are less rigid and less prescriptive: increased participation of non-state actors; public/private collaboration; diversity and competition within the market; decentralization; integration of policy domains; noncoerciveness (soft law); adaptability and constant learning; and coordination (Lobel, 2004a and 2012; de Burca and Scott, 2006). There is a shared concern within the literature about how New Governance transforms the way law is created and administered (Trubek, 2006: 246). For some scholars and policy makers, New Governance is positioned as an ambitious framework for addressing public policy problems, such as occupational safety, discrimination law in the workplace, financial regulation, and health care (Lobel, 2004a and 2012; Sturm, 2006a; NeJaime, 2009; Blum, 2007).This paper examines how recent changes to the governance of the long-term care (LTC) home sector in Ontario-especially participatory processes and procedures enshrined in law- can help meet some of the pressing challenges in the sector. …


[Objective] The better optimization of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus, in the past five years is re-viewed in this paper, also the related domestic experimental research results, and according to the pathogenesis of RSV, it further summarizes the current domestic research for the main direction of the disease. [Methods] The article from the two aspects of compound Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine monomer, according to the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus section, discusses the experiment in vivo and in vitro related rich research results. [Results] It is found by inducing and summarizing, whether individual or compound traditional Chinese medicine, for respiratory syncytial virus re-search has made great achievement, but with experimental study limited to suppress the virus more value-added; replication and inhibiting inflammatory infiltrates the two big aspects, lacking of deeper side of molecular biology research, making the traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus research appear too single, not a broader recognition by the industry. [Conclusion] We need to be sure the safety of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus and curative effect, but at the same time must recognize that because of the complexity of its com-position and design of experiment of traditional Chinese medicine, the irrationality of the existence of many factors, it makes progress with many problems, so we must be aware of their own insufficiency, more in-depth explore its mechanism of action, with all kinds of research direction in the future for us.


The Rb-E2F transcriptional regulatory pathway plays a critical role in the cell cycle. Rb is inactivated through multiple waves of phosphorylation, mediated mainly by cyclin D and cyclin E associated kinases. Once Rb is inactivated, cells can enter S-phase. Collectively, three Rb family members and ten E2F proteins coordinate every additional stage of the cell cycle, from quiescence to mitosis. However the Rb-E2F pathway is frequently altered in cancer. Aside from cell proliferation, the Rb-E2F pathway regulates other essential cellular processes including apoptosis, cell differentiation, angiogenesis and DNA damage repair pathways, but its role in invasion and cancer progression is less clear. We demonstrate here that matrix metalloproteinases genes (MMPs), which regulate the invasion, migration and collagen degradation activities of cancer cells during metastasis are transcriptionally regulated by the Rb-E2F pathway. Unlike E2F target genes involved in cell proliferation, which are solely regulated by the E2F activators (E2F1-3), additional E2F family members can regulate MMP9, MMP14, and MMP15. While we had previously shown that Raf-1 kinase physically interacts with Rb, and that disruption of this interaction with a small


NEUTRON-HE purpose of this paper is to report the T pathological observations in eight cases of glioblastoma multiforme treated by thermal-neutron capture by boron 10. Because of the complexity of this subject, the clinical, physical and physi~logical~~ 22 aspects have been recorded in separate reports. This form of investigative therapy is another


The genus Mycobacterium has the ability to degrade various environmental pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Mycobacterium has an ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions and it has been considered for future bio- remediation applications for the removal of PAH contaminants from crude oil–polluted sites. The degradation of PAHs using a cost-effective laboratory microcosm system was discussed. The various conditions such as environmental habitat, degradation behavior, enzymatic mechanisms, and ecological survival are thoroughly discussed in this chapter. Based on the above study, Mycobacterium has proved to be a better candidate in bioreme diation of PAH-contaminated sites.


Energetic Electron Precipitation (EEP) associated with substorm injections typically occurs when magnetospheric waves, particularly whistler-mode waves, resonantly interact with electrons to affect their equatorial pitch angle. This can be considered as a diffusion process that scatters particles into the loss cone. In this study, we investigate whistler-mode wave generation in conjunction with electron injections using in-situ wave measurements by the Themis mission. We calculate the pitch angle diffusion coefficient exerted by the observed wave activity using the quasilinear diffusion approximation and estimate scattering efficiency in the substorm injection region to constrain where and how much scattering happens typically during these events.


This paper reports the investigation conducted in India using coir fibres as an additive substance used in the preparation of sustainable concrete mixtures. It is meant to be used as energy-saving building components. The coir fibres were added in different percentages 2%, 4%, and 6%, and to compare the results of these the reference concrete was also prepared without coir fibres. The study focuses on investigating the different parameters such as workability, density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength. The concrete blends were made while maintaining a constant water cement ratio of 0.52. The results of this study revealed that the addition of coir fibres in concrete mixes enhances the mechanical properties of concrete. An optimal percentage was proposed as 4 percent for the addition of coir fibres in concrete. It is possible to produce sustainable concrete with the use of coir fibres.


The scale-inhibition performance of single Bis(Hexamethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phospho- nic Acid))(BHMTPMPA) and the synergistic scale-inhibition effect of it and magnetic field were studied through static and dynamic tests. The calcium carbonate crystal samples were characterized by means of SEM. The results of the tests showed that: the scale inhibition effect of BHMTPMPA could be enhanced by the synergism with magnetic field. When the dosage of BHMTPMPA was 0.5 mg / L, the static scale -inhibition rate by synergistic reaction between BHMTPMPA and magnetic field was 24.9% higher than that by the only BHMTPMPA; when the dosage of BHMTPMPA was 2.0 mg / L, the dynamic scale-inhibition rate by synergistic reaction between BHMTPMPA and magnetic field was 13.7% higher than that by the only BHMTPMPA. The SEM results showed that: The synergism between magnetic field and BHMTPMPA could cause the edge of the calcium carbonate crystal more smooth and the distortion phenomenon more obvious.


Clinical decision support system for chest X-ray images was proposed in this paper, which is based on image processing and analysis methods to evaluate the normality of X-ray images. To segment lung regions from the chest X-ray images, threshold and morphological methods were applied. The feature selection and image measurement were performed to evaluate the normality of chest X-ray images. The results demonstrate that the segmentation results differ only marginally from the actual contours of lung regions and provide similar results with actual lung regions. Moreover, based on the measurement and feature selection, the interpretation of normality was facilitated, and the results of interpretation were similar with the diagnosis made by clinical experts.


The capacity region of gaussian multi-input- multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels has been shown to be achieved by dirty paper coding (DPC). However, due to the high complexity of DPC and the infeasibility of the channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, in this paper we focus on random beamforming with multiple beams (RB- MUX). The main advantages of RB-MUX are multiuser diversity and spatial multiplexing gain at limited feedback load. In this paper we analytically assess the ergodic sum-rate of RB-MUX scheme with multiple antennas at the receiver by considering three combining techniques: maximum ratio combiner (MRC), optimum combiner (OC) and antenna selection (AS). The analysis relies on the assumption of large average SNR, so that the additive noise can be assumed negligible as compared to the beams mutual interference. Simulation results corroborate our analysis.


And the end cap, an anode, describes hollow cathode lamp and a cathode. Data storage element, in the part of the end cap, communicating data between the computer equipment. Data communicated with computer equipment may include identification information and usage information corresponding to the hollow cathode lamp. A step of starting the power supply to the hollow cathode lamp, further describes a method comprising the step of communicating the storage element and the data arranged in the hollow cathode lamp. The data communicated with the storage element includes usage information about the use time of the hollow cathode lamp. .The


(57) has a Abstract solid electrolyte molded body (29), the molded product is fitted in the casing (11) together with the sealing member (21), measuring the oxygen content in the exhaust gas for, in particular to provide a sensor (10) for measuring the oxygen content of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The sealing member (21) is composed of a different metal layers. Arrangement of the metal layers, starting from the metal support made of steel alloy (23). Sealing ring (21) is covered by a copper layer having both surfaces rolled bonding (24). Under the copper layer (24), additionally a nickel layer may be disposed.


ANN based evaluation of the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas of a marine two-stroke diesel engine The article presents results of a study on the possible application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to the evaluation of NOx concentration in the exhaust gas of a marine two-stroke Diesel engine. A concept is presented how to use the ANN as an alternative to direct measurements carried out on a ship at sea. Methods of proper ANN selection, configuration and training are presented. Also included are the results of laboratory tests, performed to obtain data for ANN training and tests, and the results obtained from modelling certain processes with the aid of selected ANNs. As a result of the performed investigations, an ANN was constructed and trained to calculate NOx concentration in the Diesel engine exhaust gas based on the engine operation parameters measured with an average error of 1.83%, and the fuel consumption measured with an average error of 1.12%.


Some agent-based models use digital analogs of insect pheromones for coordination. Such models are intermediate between classical agent-based models and equation-based "mean field" models. Their position in this range can be adjusted by pheromone parameters (notably, the propagation factor).


We consider theoretical and practical issues in the parallelization of algorithms for the min-cost flow problem. Starting with the $\epsilon$-relaxation family of algorithms, we show that a naive parallelization, although work efficient, does not admit significant parallelism. The reasons for this lack of parallelism are identified and a set of algorithmic approaches are suggested to address this problem. These algorithmic augmentations are shown to conserve the work done, and also improve parallelism by either eliminating redundant iterations of the algorithm or increasing the parallelism of the remaining iterations.
Empirical evidence of the effectiveness of our techniques is also provided from implementations on the Connection Machine CM-5. This evidence is of two kinds. Machine independent measures of parallelism are provided in terms of operations per iteration. Running times and speedup figures on the CM-5 are also reported.


/ e in this issue, you can ut the efforts of several ns to integrate text, graph-and image descriptions into document format. However, al standardization activity in ea has just begun. Furthermore, e has been little progress in specify-details of the integration of these fferent technologies into an official national or international standard. However, current graphics standardization work provides a clear indication ofthe nature and function ofthe graphics components of these future standardized integrated document files.


This study concerned itself with the development and application of a non invasive screening procedure to detect pesticide exposure in deep Brain structures Before onset of overt clinical symptoms. This system used the electroencephalogram (EEG) as an indication of pesticide exposure. Sections of the EEG were first converted to the frequency domain. The energy content of each frequency band was then reduced by an amount determined by an energy template which best described the power spectra of a control group. The selection of a proper template was based upon the shape of the input EEG's power spectrum. By reducing the amount of energy in the input spectrum, a new spectrum was effectively generated which was then converted back to the time domain. The resulting time domain signal was the filtered EEG. This process emphasized the differences between controls and animals exposed to pesticides. These differences, usually appearing as spikes, were used as an indication of pesticide exposure. This procedure was then used to detect long term, low level exposure to the pesticide Baygon. The study involved 20 female Rhesus monkeys and three different exposure levels (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg body weight/day). The frequency and duration of spiking that was present in the filtered EEG was used as an indication of alteration in deep brain structure electrical activity. A total of 40 minutes of EEG data was analyzed and statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that there was a statistical difference both in the frequency and duration of spiking between exposed monkeys and controls (P < 0.05).


Introduction: Clinical practice guidelines recommend periodic colonoscopy surveillance following colorectal adenoma excision. Inappropriate use of post-polypectomy surveillance (PPS) is common and lead to improper resource utilization. The aim of this review was to identify structured interventions which can affect PPS practises and to evaluate the effectiveness of these various interventions in improving clinician adherence to PPS guidelines. Methods: A computerized search was performed to identify relevant studies between 1997 and November 2020. Two investigators identified eligible studies and extracted data independently. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa risk of assessment scoring system. Results: The search identified 5,602 citations. Forty-one articles were retrieved for full-text analysis and 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Compliance to PPS guidelines was higher following interventions which included medical education, specialist nurse coordinators facilitation, continuous quality improvement, and clinical decision support systems. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that medical education, specialist nurse coordinators, continuous quality improvement, and clinical decision support systems are effective in improving clinicians' compliance to PPS guidelines, and are associated with reduction in over- and underutilization of colonoscopy surveillance resources.


Melanoma is the most fatal skin cancer, often highly resistant to chemotherapy. Here we show that treatment with an 11‐base DNA oligonucleotide homologous to the telomere 3′ overhang sequence (T‐oligo) induces apoptosis of several established human melanoma cell lines, including the aggressive MM‐AN line, whereas normal human melanocytes exposed to the same or higher T‐oligo concentrations show only transient cell cycle arrest, implying that malignant cells are more sensitive to T‐oligo effects. When MM‐AN cells were briefly exposed to T‐oligo in culture and injected into the flank or tail vein of SCID mice, eventual tumor volume and number of metastases were reduced 85‐95% compared with control mice. Similarly, T‐oligos administered intralesionally or sys‐temically selectively inhibited the growth of previously established MM‐AN tumor nodules in the flank and peritoneal cavity by 85 to 90% without detectable toxicity. We previously showed that T‐oligos act through ATM, p95/Nbs1, E2F1, p16INK4A, p53, and the p53 homologue p73 to modulate downstream effectors and now additionally demonstrate striking down‐regulation of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein livin/ML‐IAP. We suggest that T‐oligo mimics a physiologic DNA damage signal that is frequently masked in malignant cells and thereby activates innate cancer prevention responses. T‐oligos may provide a novel therapeutic approach to melanoma.—Puri, N., Eller, M. S., Byers, H. R., Dykstra, S., Kubera, J., Gilchrest, B. A. Te‐lomere‐based DNA damage responses: a new approach to melanoma.


The occupation probability of impurity atoms, Co, Fe or Ni, on each site of β-Mn structure has been determined by means of neutron diffraction with the single crystal specimens. Almost 90% of the impurity atoms occupy the site I. In the β-Mn(Co) alloy, an atomic long range order of Co impurities on the site I has been discovered below 500 K. The ordered structure is analyzed by introducing the scalar basis functions based on the group theoretical treatment and is discussed on the relation to the icosahedral packing sequence.


Incremental planning is performed periodically to decide how a backbone optical network has to be updated to serve the forecast traffic during the next planning period. Based on reliable traffic prediction, new equipment is installed and its capacity is ready to be used. Nonetheless, due to the introduction of new services among other reasons, exact prediction is not usually available. This leads to the installation of more capacity than required, thus increasing network expenditures. In this paper, we propose to reduce expenses by incrementing the capacity of the network as soon as it is required to meet the target performance. Hence, performance metrics are monitored and the incremental capacity (INCA) planning problem is solved on-demand when some metrics drop under a threshold. The INCA problem is mathematically modeled and a heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem in practical computation times. Since solving the INCA problem requires access to both operation and inventory databases, an architecture to support on-demand network planning as well as a model for the inventory is proposed. Exhaustive simulation results, together with its experimental assessment, validate the proposed on-demand INCA planning.


We present a calculation of the π+π− invariant-mass correlations and the pion balance functions in the single-freeze-out model. A satisfactory agreement with the data for Au+Au collisions is found.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of Twist in invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMPC)of the breast and the relationship between them,and their significance in relation to cancer clinicopathological characteristics.METHODS:The expressions of Twist protein was determined by immunohistochemical SP staining in 103cases of IMPC and 108cases of invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified(IDC-NOS)from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital 2008-01-01-2009-12-31,undergoing without preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy.RESULTS:Twist expressions in IMPC and IDC-NOS tissues were 56.3%(58/103)and 41.7(45/108),differences were statistically significant(χ2=4.525,P=0.033).Nuclear expression of Twist was negatively correlated with the estrogen receptor(r=-0.301,P=0.002)and was positively correlated with metastasis in lymph nodes(r=0.324,P=0.001),lymphovascular invasion(r=0.507,P0.001)and extranodal extension(r=0.428,P0.001);cytoplasm expression of Twist was only negatively correlated with the estrogen receptor(r=-0.262,P=0.007).No correlation was found between Twist and the patient's age,tumor size,pathologic stage and progesterone receptor or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that IMPC patients with Twist positive expression showed a lower disease-free survival(DFS)compared to the patients with Twist negative expression(log-rank test,P=0.002).Multivariate analysis showed that high expression of Twist and lymph nodes status were independent risk factors that could predict the survival of IMPC patients(RR=2.771and 2.202,P=0.046and 0.014,respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Twist shows over-expression in IMPC and may play an important role in aggressiveness and higher metastatic risk of IMPC of the breast.It can be a new method to develop drugs targeting twist in IMPC of breast.


A distribution control system distributes, to a communication terminal, first frame data capable of being reproduced singly by the communication terminal or second frame data as a difference with the previous frame data distributed to the communication terminal. The distribution control system includes a generating unit configured to generate the first frame data or the second frame data from certain frame data; and a transmitting unit configured to transmit third frame data with the contents being not updated or non-update information indicating that the contents are not updated, in place of the first frame data or the second frame data, to the communication terminal when contents of the certain frame data are not updated over a certain range or more as compared with contents of the frame data previously generated.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: aqueous coating composition contains at least one water-soluble film-forming polymer selected from polyurethanes, polyesters, polycarbonates and polymers obtained by polymerising olefinically unsaturated monomers and additionally contains solid particles of an amine resin based polymer. The coating is formed on a substrate by applying the aqueous composition to obtain a peelable temporary coating. EFFECT: solid particles of an amine resin based polymer used in the aqueous composition improve peeling capacity of the temporary coating layer. 11 cl, 1 tbl, 3 ex


The line width of the ESR and NMR signals of paramagnetic transition metal complexes is determined mainly by the electron spin-lattice relaxation time τe. Values of τe greater than 10−9 lead to ESR spectra that are readily resolved, while values smaller than 10−11 give NMR spectra having small line widths. Since fast relaxation processes are effective in nearly all transition metal complexes with several unpaired electrons and in all complexes having an orbitally degenerate ground state, the NMR method has a wider scope. The sign and magnitude of the electron-nucleus coupling can be determined with great sensitivity from the NMR spectra, whereas only the magnitude of this interaction can be determined from the ESR spectra. Free spin densities can be found very accurately from the NMR shifts, and the method can therefore be advantageously applied to kinetic measurements, e.g. on short-lived contact complexes.


Background: Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have 3 distinctive modes of cardiovascular events: sudden death, heart failure, and stroke associated with atrial fibrillation. Holter monitoring provides various indexes, though little is known regarding their significance for the long-term prognosis except ventricular tachycardia as a risk marker for sudden death in HCM. Methods: Ambulatory Holter monitoring was performed in 106 HCM patients with normal sinus rhythm in clinically stable conditions. All patients were prospectively followed for the occurrence of sudden death, cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure or stroke associated with atrial fibrillation. Results: Cardiovascular events occurred in 19 patients during an average follow-up period of 10.1 years. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis after adjustment for baseline characteristics showed that the risk of cardiovascular events was associated with a decrease in total QRS count (hazard ratio, 0.94 per 1,000 increase; p=0.011) and in average heart rate (hazard ratio, 0.93; p=0.026). These 2 predictors had little relationship to traditional predictors or the mode of cardiovascular events. Conclusions: Decreased heart rate on ambulatory Holter monitoring is an independent predictor for the long-term prognosis in patients with HCM. These simple indexes may add a new implication to the clinical practice of ambulatory Holter monitoring for the purpose of risk stratification in patients with HCM.


Objective To explore efficient induction system of inducing marrow mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts.Methods Trial was divided into 4 groups according to different concentrations of vitamin C,dexamethasone and β-glycerophosphate,and the control group was set.Human marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced into osteoblasts,then the characteristic of osteoblasts was detected by gomori method for alkaline phosphatase(ALP).Results Under the concentration of dexamethasone of 10-8mol/L,β-glycerophosphate of 10-2mol/L and vitamin C of 3×10-4mol/L,integrated optical density was the highest.Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cells poses potential augment capability and excellent osteogenic characteristics,which provides foundation for technique optimization of bone defeat fixation.


Better understanding of the atmospheric processes influencing the dynamics of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) can contribute to advancement of atmospheric circulation models and improve the quality of numerical air quality forecasts. In particular, urban areas are important being responsible for intense air pollutants emissions, and on the other hand because of complicated topography and heterogenic land cover, making it difficult to reliably model the dynamics of the boundary layer over the city. Correct modeling of the boundary layer and wind field has a key impact on the obtained concentrations of air pollutants in the forecasts.


PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for preventing an ink-jet head nozzle clog is provided to prevent the ink-jet head nozzle clog in advance, to be easily applicable in practice, and to be easily recycled. CONSTITUTION: A method and an apparatus for preventing an ink-jet head nozzle clog includes an ink pool having a predetermined space for temporarily keeping ink and including an opening for discharging ink, an ink supply path communicated with the opening of the ink pool, nozzles(12) communicated with the ink supply path for injecting ink when printing, a piezo-electric element supplying pressure required for injecting ink of the ink supply path through the nozzles according to a predetermined control signal, and screens having a plurality of diaphragms formed in the inside of the ink pool in length direction and arranged between both end parts of the ink pool.


A paired‐pulse (PP) stimulation protocol was used to examine changes in field potentials (fEPSPs), locally evoked in CA1 via Schaffer/commissural fiber stimulation and in the dentate gyrus (DG) through angular bundle stimulation, in freely moving epileptic rats. This epilepsy model is characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures that occur after a latent period of 1–2 weeks following an electrically induced status epilepticus (SE). In the control period, i.e., before induction of SE, the PP stimulation protocol given at the appropriate intensity evoked fEPSPs with a pronounced paired‐pulse depression (PPD). In the acute period, immediately after SE, the fEPSPs in the CA1 and DG areas were generally depressed. During the latent period in the CA1 stratum radiatum, the negative fEPSP was followed by a large positive potential that remained for the rest of the recording period. CA1 PPD, observed during the control period, was changed to paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF) that remained for the rest of the recording period. Also during the latent period, a broad late component appeared in DG fEPSPs. The initial decrease in PPD was partly restored in the following weeks. Timm staining at different time points after SE showed an increase of mossy‐fiber sprouting in the inner molecular layer within 6 days, which was robust within 6 weeks. We noted Timm granules positioned on parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in the granule‐cell layer of rats that had survived SE, suggesting that restoration of PPD could be partly due to reinnervation of a population of GABAergic neurons. The broad late component of DG fEPSPs, which was sensitive to the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine, was still present for at least 6 weeks into the chronic epileptic phase, indicating lasting increased excitability. These observed changes indicate a lasting increased excitability in CA1 and DG networks that could play a role in the recurrence of spontaneous seizures. Hippocampus 2002;12:311–324. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory failure has been one of the most important causes of death in intensive care units, and certain aspects of its pulmonary pathology are currently unknown. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to describe the demographic data, etiology, and pulmonary histopathological findings of different diseases in the autopsies of patients with acute respiratory failure. METHOD: Autopsies of 4,710 patients with acute respiratory failure from 1990 to 2008 were reviewed, and the following data were obtained: age, sex, and major associated diseases. The pulmonary histopathology was categorized as diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary edema, alveolar hemorrhage, and lymphoplasmacytic interstitial pneumonia. The odds ratio of the concordance between the major associated diseases and specific autopsy findings was calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Bacterial bronchopneumonia was present in 33.9% of the cases and cancer in 28.1%. The pulmonary histopathology showed diffuse alveolar damage in 40.7% (1,917) of the cases. A multivariate analysis showed a significant and powerful association between diffuse alveolar damage and bronchopneumonia, HIV/AIDS, sepsis, and septic shock, between liver cirrhosis and pulmonary embolism, between pulmonary edema and acute myocardial infarction, between dilated cardiomyopathy and cancer, between alveolar hemorrhage and bronchopneumonia and pulmonary embolism, and between lymphoplasmacytic interstitial pneumonia and HIV/AIDS and liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchopneumonia was the most common diagnosis in these cases. The most prevalent pulmonary histopathological pattern was diffuse alveolar damage, which was associated with different inflammatory conditions. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the complete pathophysiological mechanisms involved with each disease and the development of acute respiratory failure.


Sustainable development requires the design-construction delivery process to incorporate new sets of environmental, social, and economic goals; however, AEC projects today have difficulty clearly and collectively defining these goals, and executing an integrated design process that achieves them. We are designing a framework to enable AEC teams to collaboratively address their sustainable goals using two complementary methodologies: POP Modeling and Narratives. POP Models are a simple, consistent and structured way of capturing and visualizing project information in terms of its product, organization and work process by defining the functions, forms and behaviors. Narratives help to formalize, understand and communicate the dependencies among these pieces of information and thus to define and integrate the design process. We applied POP Modeling and Narratives to the Feasibility Study of the Stanford Green Dorm. Our initial findings suggest that POP Models help enable and maintain a common understanding of the project goals. Narratives can prove useful to capture and manage integrated multidisciplinary design processes. Together, they can help project teams define their sustainable goals and incorporate them into an integrated design process.


In this paper, we propose a novel example-based super-resolution method to hallucinate high-resolution images from low-resolution images. As example-based super-resolution is a kind of learning process, how to learn effectively from training samples is essential to the quality of the reconstructed images. In our algorithm, a classification process is firstly employed to construct a well-organized patch database. Then, the KPCA prior model is used for each class to infer the high-resolution output. Since the training samples or patches are divided into numerous classes, the variations among the patches in each class or cluster are therefore greatly reduced. In addition, KPCA can capture the high-order statistics in those training samples, which makes the learning process even more powerful. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can provide a high quality for image super- resolution reconstruction.


ing the grossest stereotypes for eager White Easterners and Europeans. Charging Elk looks stereotypically Indian and likes charging around on horses to the excited applause and exclamations of French audiences. Welch avoids the tempting and complex ironies of his character's situation— a rich tale untold— by concentrating on his naivete and passivity. Our estimation of the novel depends largely upon our judgments about the character's passivity. After launching out on his own from his new friends, the Soulases, Charging Elk becomes haunted by his sexual isolation, an Adam pining for an Eve who assumes the shape of the prostitute Marie. His desire to save money to return home gives way to a more basic sexual desire. Later, after the murder trial and sentence, Welch speeds over Charging Elk's prison years, during which this model prisoner becomes a skilled orchardist. In his second rebirth, Charging Elk learns the rural life of the Gaziers' plum orchard, loves and marries the Gaziers' daughter, Nathalie, and starts his own family back in Marseille. It is a hard-won, slowly earned domestic victory, and when a new Wild West Show stops in town in 1905, Charging Elk talks with younger Sioux and assesses his own lonely journey, his heartsong. Charging Elk's story unfolds slowly, and the historical world within which Welch places Charging Elk feels meticulously drawn and credible. Insofar as I have any criticism, it concerns some aspects of the character's conception. Charging Elk walks through his days as if a blank slate on which passing char acters or events inscribe what they will. He appears too simple, trusting, and childlike. Yet Charging Elk acts when he must, and he certainly proves him self capable of learning a different language and establishing a new life. Welch was knighted by the French government for Heartsong, and the French translation sells briskly. A t the second Montana Festival of the Book in Missoula (September 2000), Welch told me he has begun working on a sequel, as he wants to realize Charging Elk's dream of coming home. When Charging Elk brings his French family back across the big water, we can expect this story of merging cultures to unfold with new turns.


A delay lock loop algorithm is proposed, in which the correlation sequence is obtained from the received signal by analyzing the OFDM signal. The algorithm is a waveform-based timing tracking one, in which the OFDM signal is thought of as a whole. At the same time the algorithm has nothing to do with modulated information and the carrier frequency offset, and overcomes the impact of ICI. The simulator results show that the algorithm can work properly at low SNR.


Quantification of visual stimuli from different stimulus domains has led to conflicting results when discrimination difficulty is related to selected pattern attributes. It is suggested that complete physical specification of visual patterns should involve both structural and metrical units and that independent manipulation of each may resolve conflicting data.


Various methods of an oil recovery, various systems of gathering and transport of oil and gas are considered. Thrown out substances are defined. Modeling calculations of total emissions in free air are executed.


FOR OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICES, drug prices continue to be an issue for patients, and step-therapy and pre-authorization are responses to increasing drug costs, which exceed any other component of healthcare. Why is this a growing problem for ophthalmologists? Some experts contend that drug prices keep increasing because pharmaceutical companies are running out of new agents that can command premium prices. One reason for this widening gap could be the U.S. patent system. By Lynda Charters; Reviewed by Donny Won Suh, MD


International Image Theory (IIT) suggests that individuals maintain holistic images of other countries that are akin to schemas, or stereotypes, and that these national images shape both attitudes and foreign policy preferences. Previous research has manipulated national images via explicit descriptions of fictitious countries and found initial evidence for such effects. Here we extend this research and investigate whether (1) priming subliminal associations of a real country with image-specific adjectives leads individuals to endorse such an image for that country, and whether (2) the endorsement of national images mediates observed effects on foreign policy preferences. We first demonstrate that the perception of a nation's power can be experimentally manipulated via associative implicit priming (pilot study). In Experiment 1, we then found that participants who were subliminally primed with adjectives pertinent to the ally, enemy, or dependent image of a country evaluated the country on the National Image scale (Alexander, Brewer, & Hermann, 1999) in a manner consistent with the prime. Experiment 2 further showed that induced national images mediate priming effects on foreign policy preferences.


Background: Flawed judgments about medication risks potentially jeopardize efforts to protect the public. It has been shown that positive risk/benefit perceptions by patients and providers lead to better patient outcomes, higher acceptance of drug therapy, and higher adherence rates. Objective: To explore consumers' level of familiarity with 10 best-selling over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription drug products, correlate familiarity with risk perceptions regarding those agents, and ascertain common sources of information regarding the medications studied. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the major metropolitan tri-county area of south Florida using a facilitator-administered survey instrument. Data collection involved asking consumers about the extent to which they agreed with statements related to risk perceptions, familiarity, and sources of information for 10 best-selling medications. Participants were recruited from a convenience sample of 1,035 south Florida residents. Results: When ranking the drugs by familiarity, 972 respondents reported a higher level of familiarity with OTC than prescription medications. Overall, prescription agents were perceived to be riskier than OTC products (p < 0.01); however, individual respondents tended to perceive the listed drugs as either risky or not regardless of their OTC or prescription status. Direct-to-consumer advertisements were mentioned most frequently as information sources. Conclusions: As shown in this study, marketing status, provider interaction, and effects of an undefined health risk are variables that contribute to consumers' decision-making regarding the medication use process.


Abstract  The left main trunk stenosis with Williams syndrome and supravalvular stenosis is a cause of sudden death and a serious disease. We performed modified Myers procedure with patch aortoplasty concomitant with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using a free right internal thoracic artery (ITA) graft for a 2‐year‐old patient with this disease. The proximal cuff of the free right ITA graft was implanted in the posterior wall of the reconstructed aorta. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful, and aortic regurgitation and ischemic signs were not detected. CABG using this technique is useful for coronary artery stenosis in infants and young children, and favorable long‐term outcomes are expected.


We report a unique case of "aleukemic" skin chloroma located at the place of previous head injury. Chloroma presented as a local livid papulous skin infiltration (5x3cm), whilst physical examination and patient's complete blood counts were normal. Chloroma spontaneously disappeared. One month later, a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia was made. We discussed different pathogenetic mechanisms of this rare phenomenon, including local autonomous growth of dermotropic clone, but also a chemotactic reaction to nonspecific injury.


The aim of this article is to compare the design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with baffles. Baffles used in shell and tube heat exchanger improve heat transfer and also result in increased pressure drop. Shell and tube heat exchanger with single segmental baffles was designed with same input parameters using 1) Kern's theoretical method; 2) ASPEN simulation software and 3) HTRI simulation software 4) SOLIDWORKS simulation software. Shell side pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient are predicted. The results of all the three methods indicated the results in a close range. The proven theoretical methods are in good agreement with the simulation results.


In this second part in a three part sequence, the hybrid wavefront-resonance scheme developed in Part I is applied and explored numerically for the transient field scattered by a plane parallel waveguide cavity configuration. Emphasis is on validating the effectiveness of this representation and on explaining the observed features in the scattered signal at early, intermediate, and at late observation times. Utilizing results reported earlier for the complex resonances [3], it is shown that the late-time observables carry the signature of a cluster of high-Q internal resonances that occurs near modal cutoff frequency, in the form of a slowly decaying typical waveform which is independent of the incident angle or the excitation pulse but is related to the cavity dimensions. The early-time field is expressed as a rapidly decaying series of external wavefront interactions, while at intermediate times the internal resonances synthesize the dispersive guided mode return. The convergence of the resonance series...


The Korean traditional architecture is seen to be light and beautiful by the curve and structure of its roof. Sunjayon is its rafters of the corner roof. They are put together to the traditional technique one of which is trimming and arranging wood timbers in the ancient oriental architecture. Perhaps, Korea will be a nation that has been best keeping the roofing technique with the degree of high difficulty among three eastern counturies of Asia. This study shows his own design and planing principle and his setting know-how of Sunjayon, of which Korean master carpenter has been well practiced from his grand master.


Real-time environments require that decisions be made in time-constrained situations. Traditional deliberation methods which are performed regardless of time considerations are not adequate to meet the demand of this type of environment. Anytime algorithms provide a method for modeling the explicit control of real-time computations. This paper discusses the incorporation of an anytime algorithm to simulation model measures of effectiveness (MOEs). The simulation model was used by an expert system to optimize the selection of an automated guided vehicle (AGV) strategy employed in a manufacturing environment. The problems encountered during the incorporation of an anytime algorithm to the decision-making process are presented, along with the solutions which were developed.<<ETX>>


At this time, along with the development of the times, technology has also developed very rapidly, especially in the field of computers. Where can we know that the development of this technology can help human work. In the world of education, computer science is very necessary so that teachers or students do not lag behind in the development of today's times. For this reason, training in computer science is needed. Many of us know computers only limited to Ms. Office alone because it is often used in everyday life, but actually in computer science there are many applications/programs that can help human work to be easier. For this reason, this training was made to introduce one of the application programs in computer science, namely the application of visual studio 2010 and SQL server 2008. Where this application can create programs according to our wishes to help make our work easier. The object that will be used as the location of service is the teachers at the Al JABAR Middle School. In this service, the team wants to do it in the form of training and talk shows about Simple Design Training Using Visual Studio 2010 and SQL Server 2008 Applications at IT AL JABAR Junior High School. The results obtained at the IT Al-Jabar Junior High School from this activity are that teachers can increase their knowledge in computer science, especially in making simple designs using Visual Studio 2010 and SQL Server 2008 applications which are useful for teaching materials to their students


A novel post-deposition annealing technique employing ultra-high pressure was demonstrated. A 40 nm thick AlSiO gate insulator was deposited using ALD on n-type GaN layers. These PDAs were performed at 600 ºC in N2 under 400 MPa, with normal pressure. The annealing duration was varied within the range of 10-120 min. For the normal pressure annealing, the flat-band voltage exhibited a shift towards the positive bias direction as the annealing duration increased. Conversely, for the 400 MPa, the flat-band voltage approached the ideal curve. These results suggest that this annealing technique could be a method for improving the interfacial characteristics.


Based on the different opinions about the crime judgment in the "Qieryao" criminal case and with the detailed legal analysis,the case should be judged as negligent crime of endangering public security through dangerous ways and means. The full analysis about the difference and a correct judgment can be a sample to direct future similar case in judicial practice.


OBJECTIVE To observe pulmonary temperature change in patients Undergoing aortic arch surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA).METHODS Four patients with type Ⅰ acute aortic dissection who underwent aortic arch surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA) were enrolled in this study.Swan-Ganz catheter was advanced into pulmonary artery before operation.When catheter balloon was inflated,the thermo sensor in the tip of the catheter could be used to record pulmonary temperature,anal and nasopharyngeal temperatures were also recorded during CPB and DHCA.RESULTS The pulmonary temperatures of the 4 patients were cooled down to 16.6℃,which were almost equal to their nasopharyngeal temperatures of 16.4℃.Generally,pulmonary temperature changed parallel with nasopharyngeal temperature,and it was a little lower than nasopharyngeal temperature during cooling down period and a little higher than nasopharyngeal temperature during warming up period.CONCLUSION Pulmonary temperature can be cooled down to deep hypothermia during aortic arch surgery with CPB and DHCA.


Mitchell Energy and Development Corp. and Tejas Gas Corp. have purchased the Winnie pipeline system from Union Texas Petroleum for $4.5 million, with additional lease obligations of about $2.5 million. The Winnie System includes 328 mi of pipeline, a compressor station, and associated gathering facilities in southeast Texas. The current throughput averages 90-100 million cu ft/day. Mitchell's Southwestern Gas Pipeline Inc. will have an 80Vertical Bar3< interest, Tejas Gas Systems 20Vertical Bar3<. According to G. Mitchell (Mitchell Energy), the system will enable the companies to expand their gas-processing operations.


patient. The other sister was living and well. The patient showed a slow progress in mental and motor function since the infancy. During the infancy she had often vomiting. There was no history of convulsions or severe illness. On admission at the age of 9 years, the patient showed mental retardation and motor dysfunction of severe degree. She was able to sit alone but unable to stand or walk. The extremities were somewhat rigid and the deep tendon reflexes were weak. EEG showed findings of hypsarrhythmia. Thin-layer chromatograms of serum amino acids showed an increase in alanine. The concentration of serum alanine was found to range from 5.0 to 8.0mg per 100 ml on repeated examinations (normal value; 1.90 to 5.40mg per 100ml). The other amino acids in serum were within normal limits. Fasting blood glucose was 80mg per 100ml. Blood pyruvate levels were 2.9 to 4.1mg per 100ml (normal value; 0.5 to 1.5mg per 100ml). Blood lactate levels were 16.6 to 23.3mg per 100ml (normal values; 10 to 20mg per 100ml). Paperchromatography of urinary organic acids revealed a remarkable spot of pyruvic acid but no abnormal spots were detected otherwise. Serum alanine levels following the alanine loading showed an almost normal clearance curve except for the elevation of base level. Glucose tolerance test was normal. But the patient showed a significant rise of blood pyruvate and lactate after glucose loading as compared with controls. The activity of


In the era of Information and Communication Technology, E-books are the blessing for the present world and it has drawn worldwide popularity besides the printed books among the readers. This paper aims at identifying the usage of E-books among the science and engineering faculty students at Rajshahi University, Bangladesh. A total of 150 respondents were chosen randomly and distributed with a structured questionnaire where 141 respondents returned the questionnaire. Simple percentage calculations were used to analyze data. The study finds that 100% of the surveyed students used E-books. Most of students used E-books by Laptop and Smartphone by borrowing from friends and accessing central library databases for improving and gaining knowledge of research and course work in the department. However, most of the students mentioned that they prefer printed books to E-books. Majority of the students agreed that the library should enrich the collections of E-books as well as the users and library professionals should be properly trained up Rajshahi University.


During a verbal conversation, as individuals listen and respond, the human brain moves through a series of complex linguistic processing stages: decoding of speech sounds, semantic comprehension, retrieval of semantically coherent words, and finally, overt production of speech outputs. Each process is thought to be supported by a cortical network consisting of local and long-range connections bridging between major cortical areas. Both temporal and extratemporal lobe regions are suggested to have functional compartments responsible for distinct language domains, including the perception and production of phonological and semantic components. This study provides quantitative evidence of how directly connected, inter-lobar neocortical networks support distinct linguistic stages of linguistic processing across brain development. A novel six-dimensional tractography animation technique was used to intuitively visualize the strength and temporal dynamics of direct inter-lobar effective connectivity between cortical areas activated during distinct linguistic processing stages. This study analyzed 3,401 non-epileptic intracranial electrode sites from 37 children with focal epilepsy (age: 5–20 years) who underwent extraoperative electrocorticography recording. We used a principal component analysis of high-gamma modulations during an auditory naming task to determine the relative involvement of each cortical area during each linguistic processing stage. To quantify direct effective connectivity, we delivered single-pulse electrical stimulation to 488 temporal lobe sites and 1,581 extratemporal lobe sites and measured the early cortico-cortical spectral responses at distant electrodes. Mixed model analyses determined the effects of naming-related high-gamma co-augmentation between connecting regions, age, and cerebral hemisphere on the strength of effective connectivity independent of epilepsy-related factors. Direct effective connectivity was strongest between temporal and extratemporal lobe site pairs which were simultaneously activated during the period between sentence offset and verbal response onset (i.e., semantic retrieval period); this connectivity was approximately twice more robust than that with temporal lobe sites activated during stimulus listening or overt response. Conversely, extratemporal lobe sites activated during overt response were equally connected with temporal lobe language sites. Older age was associated with the increased strength of inter-lobar effective connectivity between those activated during semantic retrieval. The arcuate fasciculus supported approximately two-thirds of the direct effective connectivity pathways from temporal to extratemporal auditory language-related areas but only up to half of those in the opposite direction. The uncinate fasciculus consisted of only less than 2% of those in the temporal-to-extratemporal direction and up to 6% of those in the opposite direction. Our multimodal study quantified and animated the direct inter-lobar networks toward and from temporal lobe regions supporting distinct stages of auditory language processing. Additionally, age-dependent strengthening of connectivity after age five may preferentially occur between language areas supporting semantic retrieval.


This work discusses the design and implementation of two online case studies in a face-to-face general chemistry course. The case studies were integrated into the course to emphasize the need for science literacy in general society, to enhance critical thinking, to introduce database searching, and to improve primary literature reading skills. An online social networking platform was chosen to take advantage of commonly used modes of conversation in the young adult population. Facebook was selected as the case study platform because of its functionality, popularity, and group capabilities. Details on the execution of the case studies on Facebook and corresponding student feedback are included.


This article investigates the use of Kalman filters at strategic network locations to allow predictions of future network congestion. The premise is that intelligent agents can use such predictions to form context-aware, cognitive processes for managing communication in mobile networks. Network management is improved through the use of context-awareness, which is provided through rough long or mid-term plans of operation and short-term predictions of network state and congestion levels. Research into incorporating an intelligent awareness of the network state enables a middleware platform to better react to current conditions. Simulations illustrate the advantages of this techniques when compared to traditional mobile network protocols, where the general assumption is that nothing is known about the mobility or communication patterns of the mobile entities and the network is often treated as an opaque black box. Our approach shows promise for improved network management.


The vibrational characteristics of the shell and core of 300MW turbine generator was investigated by the theory of FEAS(finite element analysis system). Based on the result of the FEAS analyses, the structure of the core and shell will be optimized.


How did constitutionally limited government and democracy emerge in the West? Many scholars from many different perspectives have attempted to answer this question. I identify the emergence of these forms of self-government with early modern nationalism. Broadly speaking, nationalism of the right sort provides indispensable resources both for united popular resistance against autocratic rule, and for the formation and legitimation of national systems selfgovernance. Resistance and self-government both require a national consciousness that includes a myth of national origin, a national language, a common faith, and, crucially, native traditions of self-government, and stories of heroic ancestors who successfully defended those traditions against usurpers and tyrants. It is through national consciousness that abstract theories of resistance and self-government become concrete and tenable. It is though national fellowship that the idea of a political nation, possessing the right to make rulers accountable to its will, comes into existence and is sustained over time. My arguments basically fall under two headings, historical and theoretical. By an examination of the nationalist political thought of early modern European countries, I intend to establish important historical connections between the rise of nationalism and the emergence of self-government. But I also intend through the examination of the very same materials to emphasize that a certain set of nationalist assumptions is indispensable for making self-government coherent. The main body of the work consists of an in-depth examination of the early modern nationalist political thought of three Europeans nations, the Netherlands, England and Russia. Acknowledgements This dissertation never would have been written without the help of a several different people and institutions. Thanks are due to the graduate school of the University of Wisconsin-Madison for providing me with the opportunity to pursue this work, and the means to support myself while pursuing it. Two very generous fellowships from the Intercollegiate Studies Institute also supplied much needed financial support and time. A paper written for one of Jimmy Klausen's always fascinating graduate seminars was the germ of this work. The initial idea was much improved and refined by conversations with him, and the others, especially my advisor Rick Avramenko, and also Howard Schweber, Dan Kapust, and Johann Sommerville. Thanks are also due to my parents, who have been unfailingly patient, and have provided financial and moral support through the entire process.


In this paper,we start with the defects of slow convergence and being easy to fall into local optimum of ant colony algorithm in solving the practical problems.We present a modified version of the algorithm applied to the problem DCVRP by improving the transfer rules and local pheromonses,as well as introducing the candidate lists and 2-opt local search strategy to reduce computational time and eliminate bad path.By comparing different meta-heuristic methods,the experimental results indicate that the improved ACO has more advantags than other four main meta-heuristic algorithms.


Article Impact Statement: Strategies to combat parachute science in Latin America must recognize that it takes place within and from outside the region. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Experimental investigations on the catalytic oxidation of CO on well‐defined Pt(100) surfaces at low pressures (∼10−4 Torr) revealed under certain conditions the occurrence of kinetic oscillations which were associated with periodic transformations of the surface structure propagating wave‐like across the surface area. Based on experimental information about the various elementary steps involved (adsorption, desorption, surface reaction, adsorbate‐induced surface structural transformation) a set of coupled differential equations describing the kinetics of the various processes was established. A simplified version of these equations allows analytical treatment and provides qualitative insight into the occurrence of oscillations through linear stability analysis. Numerical solution of the full set of reaction‐diffusion equations reproduces the essential spatio‐temporal features of the experimental observations, although full quantitative agreement would still require better adjustment of the parameters inv...


Today, there is a steady trend in the use of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics in the aerospace and defense industries, mainly based on using pre-impregnated semi-finished products - prepregs. Producing carbon fiber parts from prepregs often requires a long manufacturing time, during which the prepreg must maintain its performance properties. Therefore, one of the main characteristics of prepreg is its viability. This work developed a suitable resin composition with optimized properties and a methodology for studying the viability of prepreg samples, based on determining the stickiness and degree of curing of the prepreg depending on storage time. The influence of prepreg storage time on the strength characteristics of cured laminates was studied. Prepreg samples with long-term viability of up to 60 days were obtained. The experimental data obtained are of practical significance in the industrial production of carbon fiber products, as they establish a connection between the performance properties of the prepreg and storage time.


The Bates Linear Accelerator uses six 5-MW 2.856-GHz RF transmitters. Phase drifts between the transmitters' 12 klystrons of greater than 0.5 degrees, or any amplitude drifts, compromise beam delivery and are a common occurrence. Instrumenting the phase shifts of these klystrons for machine diagnostics has received high priority. The hardware at the Bates facility that has been developed over the past seven years has proven very flexible. It is employed as a slow monitoring system of 14 phase and amplitude channels with VME hardware under EPICS, and as a fast jitter measurement system. We have recently measured phase jitters between the master oscillator reference line and klystron outputs, RF cavity outputs, drive laser detectors, wave guide loads and beam position monitors at two facilities. The resolution and repeatability of the medium level passive mixer implementation are better than 0.2 degrees for measurements of 5 to 60 seconds. This represents an R.M.S. jitter resolution of 20 fs. Data are presented for the above implementations and measurements. We are investigating the use of harmonic cavities and frequency up-converters for further improvements in jitter measurement resolution.


We have developed a production scheduling system called "K-CHIP," which handles operator resource leveling, using CLP (constraint logic programming). This system has the following features: (1) it approaches constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) as two-phase problems, consisting of production line scheduling and operator assignment scheduling, (2) it uses an interactive method for relaxing constraints on operator skills and on the number of operators as the intra-CSP adjustment method, and (3) it guarantees skill constraint satisfaction by creating a future training schedule. A simulation carried out based on this system produced the prospect of a 33% reduction in manpower. The simulation also demonstrated that the method can be effectively utilized to expand the system integration functions, centered on skills that are the main concern in plant management. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(6): 62–72, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10156


This article focuses on the change in selected state-level school finance variables from 1970 to 2000, with particular attention to the changes in these variables and school finance litigation decisions in states with and without state-level tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) or supermajority requirements (SMRs). The magnitude of the decrease in effort and the lower rate of increase in average perpupil expenditure (APPE) were statistically significant in states with SMRs. The greatest increases in APPE, average teacher salary, and percentage of funds from state sources were in the states with neither TELs nor SMRs; pupil-teacher ratios and adequacy scores also were more favorable in the latter group of states. Positive change in funding was less in states with constraints than in states without taxation or expenditure constraints. The least progress in funding was made in states with SMRs.


Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is an agreement under the Kyoto Protocol (1997) allowing industrialized (Annex-I) countries with Greenhouse Gas emission reduction commitment to invest in or finance projects that reduce emissions in developing countries using clean technologies. Under CDM, for every tonne of CO2 that does not enter into the atmosphere, a developing (Non-Annex-I) country earns one carbon credit which can be further sold to developed countries (Annex-I) through the international carbon market. Developed countries exchange these credits in terms of money and technology transfer with developing countries to meet their GHG emission reduction targets. 7391 CDM projects were registered worldwide by November 2013, out of which 6205 (84%) are under energy industry sector. India is contributing 828 (13%) CDM projects with estimated emission reduction of 69,156,926 metric tonnes of CO2e. By the end of the first commitment period (2012), 19,061,210 metric tonnes of CO2e emission reduction was achieved. The estimated range of annual CDM-generated revenue in India varies between US$10 and 330 million (Birla et.al.2012). India has the second largest number of CDM projects in the world. The National Clean Development Mechanism Authority (NCDMA) is the Designated National Authority (DNA) which was set up to evaluate and approve CDM projects. This paper provides a probing insight into these projects, and the methodologies used in order to achieve emission reduction by Indian industries.


Dear Editor:

Classic Kaposi's sarcoma (CKS) is one of clinical types of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)1,2. Treatment options for CKS vary depending on clinical features such as age, number and distribution of lesions, and tumor depth3. It is essential, therefore, that treatment is tailored to the individual. Although many therapeutic strategies from systemic to local treatments are available for CKS, those treatments tend not to be suitable for cases with a discretely scattered distribution. Therefore, we report on a case of discretely scattered CKS treated successfully with intralesional vinblastine injections, which have previously proved effective and well-tolerated in acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related patients with localized oral KS lesions4.

A 58-year-old Korean woman presented with a 5-year history of a skin lesion on her chin. Since that time of the initial skin lesion having appeared, subsequent lesions developed slowly on the upper and lower extremities. The patient was immunocompetent. Her past medical history was unremarkable except for the use of medication for dyslipidemia. A physical examination revealed multiple non-tender, round to elongated, red-purple papules and plaques (Fig. 1A), scattered over the chin, right hand, left forearm, and left shoulder. A skin biopsy of the chin was performed with immunohistochemistry stains (Fig. 2). Laboratory test results, including a complete blood cell count, thyroid function test, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus test, were all reported within normal limits. There was no evidence of metastasis on chest or abdominal computed tomography or on total body positron emission tomography imaging. We diagnosed this case as a discretely scattered CKS without visceral involvement. Although the patient had multifocal lesions on the head and limbs, the total number and size of the lesions had not changed in the last 3-months. To minimize the complications and considerable toxicities associated with the use of systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy, we opted to treat our patient with intralesional vinblastine administration instead. All skin lesions were treated with intralesional vinblastine injections at a dose of 0.1 mg/cm2 using a 0.1 mg/ml solution of vinblastine sulfate in sterile saline4. After 5 weeks of treatment the tumors had completely regressed with no significant side effects except for a slight postinflammatory hyperpigmentation response (Fig. 1B). The patient was kept on regular follow-up and showed no signs of recurrence of CKS 6-months after treatment.

Fig. 1

Clinical presentation of a discretely scattered classic Kaposi's sarcoma. (A) Widely distributed red-purple papules and plaques evident before treatment, and (B) complete regression of the tumors 5 weeks after treatment with intralesional vinblastine ...

Fig. 2

Immunohistochemical evaluation of classic Kaposi's sarcoma specimens. (A) Endothelial cells of the abnormal vessels staining positively for cluster of differentiation 31; (B) Spindle cells staining positively for Friend leukemia virus integration-1; and ...

CKS is usually indolent over many years but is not life threatening5. Consequently, clinicians have often hesitated in administering systemic therapy, which decreases quality of life, in patients with discretely scattered CKS. Our patient exhibited a dramatic response without serious side effects after a single cycle of intralesional vinblastine injections and had no additional lesions under outpatient follow-up. We conclude, therefore, that intralesional vinblastine administration is one of the most effective and useful treatment alternatives for relatively stable, discretely scattered CKS. However, the 6-month follow-up may not be sufficiently long when we consider the growth pattern of CKS and the potential for occult CKS lesions caused by hyperpigmentation, which were not histologically confirmed but need to be considered in estimating patient responses following intralesional vinblastine injections.


The morphological characteristics of elite basketball players are of great interest to some authors in order to define the best morphological profile for a particular playing position and different levels of competition. The aim of the research was to determine the differences in morphological characteristics in professional basketball players in relation to the playing position in different league competitions and to determine the relevance of these characteristics for success in the game. The survey included a sample of 773 elite basketball players competing in five different leagues in Europe. In our study, we found that centers are significantly taller and heavier than guards and forwards are. In addition to other components of basketball (technique, tactics, coach strategy), body height, body mass and body mass index play a major role in overall performance in a basketball game in all positions. The obtained data can help coaches in the scouting process in which leagues in Europe are played by players with certain morphological characteristics in relation to the playing position.


A collection of low-fat recipes such as white bean mousse, roasted red pepper dip and pomegranite walnut spread, offering an international smorgasbord of chip, bread and cracker companions. A whole section is devoted to classic and innovative varieties of salsa.


The practical trajectory often deviates the designed optimal trajectory in the practical application of horizontal wells. For this reason the authors regard the state variable dispersion between practical trajectory and the designed optimal trajectory as parameter, and propose an optimal control model for designing 3-dimensional horizontal wells with parameter. The proposed model is transcribed into nonlinear programming problem. The properties of optimal solution of this nonlinear programming are discussed. A global optimization algorithm, based on these properties, is proposed. This algorithm is applied to practical design, and the numerical results illustrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed model and its algorithm.


Solid Oxide Fuel Cells often show a significant power loss when integrated in a bipolar stack. In this paper, power limiting factors related to the inhomogeneity of current collection and gas supply are analyzed by means of a Finite Element Method model. The model, which considers the coupling of electronic and ionic charge carrier transport, charge transfer reactions and diffusive gas transport, provides the spatial distribution of the related losses and their dependency on operating conditions, cell- and flowfield-design. Simulation studies proved that in plane gas diffusion losses underneath the contact rib as well as ohmic losses in the cathode underneath the gas channel affect the performance. Variations in flowfield design parameters revealed optimum parameter combinations, which depend on the chosen operating conditions. For technically feasible flowfield design parameters performance losses of approximately 15% are predicted by the model.


Judicial justice is affected by many factors, in addition to system factor and subject factor, there are also the relational factors on justice, and procedure justice, the whole justice and the individual justice, lawsuit efficiency and lawsuit justice, It may also affect judicial justice whether these relations are handled.


According to the data obtained from the simulated experiment and the other related data collected,the relationship between bedrock water table and flow distance in a single fracture under different conditions have been studied.The statistic equations between the bedrock water table and the distance have been established.And it is compared with the former.Conclusions are drawn as followings:a.to unconfined flow,the cube of bedrock water table is proportional to the flow length,to the confined flow,the bedrock water table is proportional to the flow length;b.to the confined,the statistics results show no difference with the former study,to the unconfined,the statistics results are inconsistent with the traditional equations,but they are consistent with the results by Sun Fenggen;c.the statistics conclusions are of important reference value in studying the theory of the bedrock water motion.


Among the papers presented at the American Mining Congress International Coal Convention (Chicago 5/5-8/80) were those by R. Meyer (Exxon Co. USA), on the need for an early and rapid development of a 15 million bbl/day synthetic-fuels industry, owing mainly to the long lead time (more than 30 yr) and dwindling world oil supply; D.A. Skedgell (Slurry Transp. Assoc.), on the economics of coal slurry pipelines, of which there are now about eight proposals for construction; N.M. Lorentzsen (Burlington North. Inc.), on water requirements and other environmental objections to coal slurry pipelines, which make railroads more attractive; V.J. Kavlick (Fluor Eng. Constr. Inc.), on the South African Coal, Oil and Gas Corp. Ltd. coal conversion process; C.D. Hoertz (Ashland Synth. Fuels Inc.), on the 600 ton/day H-Coal pilot plant at Catlettsburg, Ky.; W.R. Epperly (Exxon Res. Eng. Co.), on the Exxon Donor Solvent coal-liquefaction process; and M. Wagner (EPA), on the environmental constraints on synthetic-fuels plant construction.


SUMMARY

The ignorance of phytosanitary management in pepper cultivation generates large economic losses and affects crop production. This is why this research was conducted in order to identify the main pests and diseases of the Santa Rosa neighborhood, Urcuqui canton, as it is one of the main economic activity in the area. The methodology that was used to carry out the research topic was through a survey of 10 farmers in the sector with specific questions, addressed to the subject of study. It was determined that the most severe disease within the pepper crop is Botrytis cinerea followed by a set of fungi that cause root rot known as Damping-off, followed by early blight, powdery mildew and Bacterial spot. In addition, in terms of pests within the culture it was determined that Bactericera cockerelli better known as jumping aphid, the insect that generates more damage within the crop, followed by Trips, the red spider in lower whitefly incidence and the Meloidogyne incognita. So, it is recommended to control pests and diseases of the pepper crop taking into account the rotation of active ingredients for disease control, to avoid losses in production and economic.

Keywords: Pepper, Pests, diseases.


Disciplinary differences cause multiple problems with trying to create a research study that gauges readers' comprehension of complex scientific information. This paper provides a case study of the some of the issues associated with research methods and methodologies on an on an interdisciplinary team.


The article proposes the concept of transformation of the assessment of the quality of educational activities and the training of future science teachers, the main ideas of which are the objectivity of the assessment; its complex nature; the technological nature of the assessment procedures; their openness; the unity of normative and "non-normative" criteria. It is established that the transformation of the assessment of the quality of educational activities and the training of future science teachers necessitate a comprehensive transformation of its content, instrumental and technological characteristics. The technology of transformation of the assessment of the quality of educational activities and the training of future science teachers in the context of the pandemic has been developed, which involves the implementation of three interrelated stages – preparatory, main and final. Its implementation will ensure the adaptation of the assessment of the quality of educational activities to the changed conditions of education; the formation of the subject position of the student in the conditions of informatization of educational activities; improving the quality of professional education by individualizing the content of the assessment of the educational activities of future science teachers, as well as the variability of the assessment procedures used in its implementation. On the basis of expert assessments, proposals for the transformation of the assessment of the quality of educational activities and the training of future science teachers are formulated. Their implementation will allow not only to quickly identify problems in the content and procedural aspects of professional education of future science teachers, but also to timely determine the directions for improving its conditions.


Plasmon-enhanced in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was realized using the Kretschmann geometry. A 10-μL flow cell was designed for multi-channel measurements using a semi-cylindrical lens. Dual-channel monitoring of the layer formation of different organic structures has been demonstrated on titania nanoparticle thin films supported by gold. Complex modeling capabilities as well as a sensitivity of ~40 pg/mm2 with a time resolution of 1 s was achieved. The surface adsorption was enhanced by the titania nanoparticles due to the larger specific surface and nanoroughness, which is consistent with our previous results on titanate nanotubes.


The Russian Military: Power and Policy. Edited by Steven E. Miller and Dmitri V. Trenin. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2004. 272p. $50.00 cloth, $25.00 paper. When Russia became an independent state at the end of 1991, it inherited the bulk of the Soviet armed forces and the Soviet defense industry. The Russian government initially tried to persuade the other former Soviet republics to preserve a unified military force, but in May 1992, after those efforts had proven fruitless, Russian President Boris Yeltsin established a separate Russian army on the basis of what had been left over from the Soviet Union. Because the Soviet military had been deteriorating since the late 1980s, sweeping reform of the new Russian army seemed an urgent priority. Economic, military, social, demographic, and political considerations all pointed to the need for a much smaller army equipped with state-of-the-art weaponry and configured for plausible combat scenarios. Advocates of reform hoped to place the Russian military under strict civilian control, including parliamentary oversight, and to replace the mass, conscript-based system of the Soviet army with a fully professional force. They also hoped to devise a completely new military doctrine that would be appropriate for the realities of the post-Soviet era.


Populations of carrot seeds with superior physiological quality and storage potential are of interest to seed companies and growers. Thus, we verified the efficiency of some tests for the selection of carrot populations with greater vigor and longevity of seeds. Seeds of 50 carrots progenies of different half-brothers from Brasilia cultivar were evaluated for the mass of one hundred seeds, the first count, germination, dormancy, accelerated aging with water and saturated NaCl solution. The seeds were stored at moisture contents of 6.1±0.3% in hermetic packaging at temperatures of 15 and 25°C for 12 months and germination was evaluated quarterly. The experimental data were evaluated for variance and phenotypic, genotypic and environmental heritability, coefficient of variation and genetic gain from selection. Selection based on the mass should not be used because it would increase the occurrence of dormancy in seeds of the next generation. The test of the first count, germination and accelerated aging in water or saline solution saturated may be used to select populations of carrot seeds of higher vigor and longevity. The estimated gain genetic selection for germination after 12 months storage at 25°C was 14%.


The present study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of different treatment regimens for the management of acute footrot in sheep. This study was conducted on 36 adult sheep of both sexes living at an altitude of 1800-2000 meters above sea level, aged between 2.49 ± 1.6 years and weighing 36.7 ± 0.9 kg. Footrot was diagnosed on the bases of physical and clinical analysis and then confirmed laboratorically. The animals were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. The animals of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd group were administered dicrysticin- SLDV@ 2.5 g/animal intramuscularly (IM), oxytetracycline @ 20 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) IM, and enrofloxacin @ 5 mg/kg b.wt. IM, respectively on the days 1st, 2nd and 3rd, besides this the animals in 1st and 2nd group were given melonex @ 0.2 mg/kg b.wt and esgipyrin-N @ 3 ml/animal IM for three days. Along with the above medications animals of all the groups were given 10% copper-sulfate footbath. The mean recovery time in days was shortest in group 2nd (3.03 ± 0.64) followed by group 1st (4.10 ± 0.31), and longest in group 3rd (4.48 ± 0.79) respectively. The mean ± SE values of rectal temperature and ruminal motility showed significant (p<0.05) differences. Therefore administration of parenteral antibiotics and analgesics in association with footbath is highly effective treatment for the footrot in sheep.


The effects of a range of habitat variables on spatial variation of breeding burrow density of sooty shearwaters, Puffinus griseus, were measured on 5 islands near Rakiura (Stewart Is) and 1 island in The Snares Is group, during the 2000-01 breeding season. Density estimates for 4 islands where Rakiura Maori harvest chicks ranged from 0.30 to 0.47 burrows per m 2 . Density on 2 non-harvested islands occurred at opposite ends of the burrow density spectrum (Whenua Hou, 0.09 entrances per m 2 ; The Snares, 0.90 per m 2 ). Burrow density was consistently lower in areas with shallow soil, in inland areas, and where there was more plant debris on the forest floor. The latter may reflect cause or effect because the birds drag woody and leafy debris into their burrows to form nests and to block the burrow entrance. Large amounts of variation in burrow density were not explained by habitat predictors. Detection of harvest impacts on sooty shearwater density on harvested and non-harvested islands will be more powerful if models account for soil depth and island edge- effects, but disregard vegetation variation.


Matrix suction and saturation in situ in an excavation slope at any highway in Hubei province were measured with thermal conductivity sensors and moisture probes for period of time in order to studey the effects of matrix suction and saturation on excavation slopes in unsaturated expansive soil area and their varying rules. Monitoring results show that matrix suction of excavation slopes has more change than that of natural slopes, and that great range of suction in expansive soil excavation slopes has an unfavourable effect on the stability. Field soil-water characteristic curveistic (SWCC) really reflects the variation and relation of matrix suction and saturation, and offers necessary parameters that determine the strength caused only by suction or its change, thus the calculation of unsaturated soil strength is greatly simplified. Permeability coefficient is derived from field SWCC, which is of significance for actual engineering.


Correlation studies in rice varieties indicated positive and significant association of panicle length, grains per panicle and 100 grain voight with yield, while there was no such correlation in the hybrids. In hybrids, the grain yield had significant and positive association with number of primary and secondary branches per panicle, cays to panicle emergence and number of non-ear bearing tillers. Correlation and regression studies of F1 performance with better and mid: parental values might be attributed to the potentiality of both the parents and not to a single better parent alone.


In the wave gear device (1), within the flexible cup-shaped inner toothed gear (2) arranged rigid externally toothed annular gear (3). Pushed cylindrical flexible internally toothed gear portion (2) forming part of the internal teeth (16) and a wave generator (4) is pressed to flex into an ellipsoidal shape (17) formed in the central axis (1a) of a position deviated direction. Within the flexible inner toothed gear (2) arranged with a wave generator (4), by using the wave generator (4) is pressed to the cylindrical portion (17) is pressed from the inside toward the outside in the radial direction, so that the pushed cylindrical portion (17) is flexed into an elliptical shape. Wave gear device (1) is determined by the outer diameter of the flexible toothed gear (2) outer diameter, and therefore, can realize a smaller outer diameter dimension of a wave gear device.


The behavior of stress was studied in as-deposited and thermal cycled SiO 2 films deposited by plasma tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and zoone TEOS chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. It was found that the stress is large and compressive for thin films (≤1500 A) for both types of oxides. At larger thicknesses, the stress becomes very small. During thermal cycling, the stress variation shows a hysteresis behavior. However, the type of hysteresis depends on the maximum temperature of cycling. This behavior of stress is explained based on the densification and structural changes in the oxide film which are shown up by the changes in the IR absorption spectra


Diverse and complex dynamics now impact upon regulation of health practitioners. Much can be gleaned, though, by scrutinising the margins of regulation where distinctions can be illustrative of lingering ideological tendencies and can result in confusion. The article examines the amenability to regulation of conduct by health practitioners that occurs outside the context of their professional work and yet which may impact upon trust reposed in them as health practitioners and in their profession more generally. It identifies too uncertainty about whether the principle of witness immunity can be invoked to protect health practitioners from regulation in respect of their forensic conduct. It argues that such an interpretation would constitute a confusion of public interests. It contends that the effects upon the reputation and standing of health practitioners' professions of any form of conduct should be an important consideration in determining whether it should be addressed by regulatory decision-making bodies.


Synchrotron radiation x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used for the study of 5 nm Si nanocrystals (NCs) for applications in nonvolatile memory devices. A detailed peak shape analysis of the high-resolution Si2p core-level spectra reveals average chemical shifts for the oxidized components consistent with those observed for planar oxidation. However, a much larger Gaussian width is found for each spectral component, reflecting the important level of structural disorder in the NCs, arising from stress produced during the kinetics of the oxide shell growth. Final state contributions to the core-level spectra are also discussed.


In this note we shall prove the following xed-point theorem. Theorem. Let B be a re exive Banach space, K a nonempty bounded, closed and convex subset of B and let T : K ! K be a map such that diam [T (D)] < diam (D) (1) holds for every closed and convex subset D of K, containing more than one element and mapped into itself by T . Then T has a xed point in K. Proof. Let F denote a family of all non-empty closed and convex subsets of K which T maps into itself. Then using the result of Smulian [7, p. 327] and Zorn's Lemma it follows that F has a minimal element, say C. Since T (C) C 2 F it follows that Cl [coT (C)] C and hence T (Cl [coT (C)]) T (C) Cl [coT (C)]: This implies Cl [coT (C)] 2 F and by the minimality of C we have Cl [coT (C)] = C: (2) As diam (coS) = diam (S) for every subset S of K [5, p. 17], (2) implies diam [T (C)] = diam (C): (3) Now, using (1) we conclude that C is a singleton, say C = u. Therefore, u is a xed-point of T , and the proof is complete. We remark that maps considered in [2], [4] and [6] satisfy the condition (1), and therefore our theorem is a certain generalization of corresponding xed-point theorems. We shall illustrate this on a theorem given in [6].


The Master's thesis deals with the valorization and restoration of Godinje, the first village in Montenegro with the status of immovable cultural property. The project encompasses an analysis of the present state of the cultural heritage, research of traditional architectural elements of the crmnica house, as well as the role of man in space. An important factor in the development and preservation of architecture is the awareness of space and the factors that define it. With the aim of encouraging the proper maintenance of cultural heritage, while giving purpose to certain objects, the village planning has been resolved. By emphasizing the spatial principles and traditional techniques of construction, and thus the education thereof, the value is emphasized and further development of Godinje is made possible.


Precise correction for γ-ray attenuation in skull bone has been a significant problem in obtaining quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images. The correction for γ-ray attenuation is approximately proportional to the density and thickness of the bone under investigation. If the acoustic impedance and the speed of sound in bone are measurable using ultrasonic techniques, then the density and thickness of the bone sample can be calculated. Whole bone usually consists of three layers, and each layer has a different ultrasonic character. Thus, the speed of sound must be measured in a small section of each layer in order to determine the overall density of whole bone. It is important to measure the attenuation constant in order to determine the appropriate level for the ultrasonic input signal. We have developed a method for measuring the acoustic impedance, speed of sound, and attenuation constant in a small region of a bone sample using a fused quartz rod as a transmission line. In the present study, we obtained the following results: impedance of compact bone; 5.30(±0.40)×106 kg/(m2s), speed of sound; 3780±250 m/s, and attenuation constant; 2.70±0.50 Np/m. These results were used to obtain the densities of compact bone, spongy bone and bone marrow in a bovine bone sample and as well as the density of pig skull bone, which were found to be 1.40±0.30 g/cm3, 1.19±0.50 g/cm3, 0.90±0.30 g/cm3 and 1.26±0.30 g/cm3, respectively. Using a thin solid transmission line, the proposed method makes it possible to determine the density of a small region of a bone sample. It is expected that the proposed method, which is based on ultrasonic measurement, will be useful for application in brain SPECT.


Porpuse Given the health crisis that the country and the world are currently experiencing, this document was prepared by the autonomous initiative of kinesiologists from twelve Hospital at Home units of public hospitals in Chile, in order to unify criteria based on their experiences and the available scientific evidence in order to carry out safe respiratory physiotherapy care in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. In addition, this document is intended to be a guide for those who need to protocolize and / or standardize their care at Hospital at home, and can be adapted according to the need and availability of resources and infrastructure of each unit. It is important to note that this document may vary depending on the evolution of this pandemic and the updating of scientific evidence. Scope This document is designed to be applied in the home of adult and pediatric patients admitted to Hospital at Home Units (UHD) with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection or with a positive result for COVID-19


We investigate the low-temperature dynamics of single electron boxes and transistors close to their degeneracy point using renormalization group methods. We show that intermode scattering is a relevant perturbation and always drives the system to the two-channel Kondo fixed point, where the two channels correspond to the real spins of the conduction electrons. However, the crossover temperature T ∗ , below which Matveev's two-channel Kondo scenario [K.A. Matveev, Phys. Rev. B 51 , 1743 (1995)] develops decreases exponentially with the number of conduction modes in the tunneling junctions and is extremely small in most cases. Above T ∗ the 'infinite channel model' of Ref. 6 turns out to be a rather good approximation. We discuss the experimental limitations and suggest a new experimental setup to observe the multichannel Kondo behavior.


Generally speaking, the classification for synthetic resin products customers is based on four aspects including the monthly turnover, equilibrium of purchase, business size and financial capability of the customers. However, application of two-dimensional matrix customer classification system can not only analyze the sales volume of the customers, but also accurately position them by finding out the sales capability, the channel construction ability and their loyalty. Therefore, the matrix customer classification system can provide the persuasive support for evaluation, cultivation and selection of customers.