To transfer variable size data bursts directly over dense wavelength division multiplexing links Optical burst switching (OBS) is used vastly in recent days. But burst-scheduling algorithms implemented in OBS must be able to use the available wavelengths efficiently, and operate fast enough with the burst incoming rate. In this paper we proposed a new burst scheduling algorithm to avoid burst overlapping in the egress router of OBS network, which will improve the quality of service (QoS). We considered TAG (tell-and-go) protocol where many lightpaths pass in a given link and burst overlap may occur. For intermediate node forwarding to only one outgoing link and receiving from many incoming links, we found the conditions for the burst controls. For low traffic loads we showed that burst blocking can be made zero. For higher traffic loads there is burst blocking, which can be reduced using different sets of fiber delay lines (FDLs) and also shown relation stating the burst blocking and the requirements of FDLs. For both the traffics we used, time-based assembly algorithm in an assembly node to build the burst. Analysis on throughput depending on burst size, inter-arrival time, and sizes of FDLs, is made and improvement of throughput using FDLs is shown.


TPS9593Background: Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most common cancer in humans and have increased > 75% in the past two decades, with > 28,000 cases of advanced or metastatic diseases per yea...


Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a collection of clinical symptoms of
coronary artery disease with thrombotic disorders that cause atherosclerosis basis
atherom plaque. Inflammation contributes importantly in acute atherogenesis and
further atherothrombotic. Increased hs-CRP and glucose is a predictor of major
adverse cardiac events (MACE) in ACS. However, the result of researchs on the
two markers is still not consistent.
This study is a prospective cohort study which aims to determine the
prognostic value of hs-CRP and glucose on admission in patients with ACS at
ICCU Dr.Sardjito Yogyakarta Hospital with a MACE outcomes i. e. death,
reinfarction, cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure, ventricular tachycardia and
fibrillation (VT/VF), urgent-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were
assessed during the 7 days of treatment. Examination of hs-CRP and glucose each
with immunoturbidimetric and hexokinase-G6PD method. The results of
prognostic valuein the form of relative risk (RR).
The study subjects were 60 patients SKA each consisting of 30 patients
with hs-CRP >3 mg/L and 30 patients with hs-CRP <3 mg/L


This article examines the question of whether Catholic colleges and universities which have separated from their founding religious institutions by incorporating under boards of trustees are still Catholic and bound by the canon law. It answers this question in the affirmative. Although laypersons play a significant role in these incorporated colleges and universities, the institutions remain Catholic.
The article focuses on the incorporation movement, born after the second Vatican Council, as an effort to further academic progress previously lacking in these institutions and modeled after the American civil corporation. The author suggests that contemporary analysis of that movement is inaccurate, and instead the incorporated institutions are bound by the canon law of the Catholic Church in the administration of their properties. The author also discusses Ex Corde Ecclesiae, the Papal constitution on higher education, and finds that it is applicable to American Catholic institutions.


It is helpful to use simulated intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)images during the validation of image pro- cessing algorithms such as the image segmentation.A method is proposed to simulate IVUS images.To accomplish the simulation of the static IVUS image,it introduces the ringdown and guidewire artifacts to the polar image-formation model,and simulates the fibrous,lipid and calcific content in the atherosclerotic plaque respectively.Utilizing character- istics of the pulsatile artery,the simulation of sequential IVUS images can also be achieved.The method is evaluated via 15 real IVUS images(with 50 experiments on each image),and results demonstrate that it outperforms the traditional polar image-formation model by 56.9% in terms of the correlation coefficient of simulated and real images,and 24.3% in terms of the mutual information of simulated and real images.


Lumbar puncture is the usual confirmatory procedure for the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. However, the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure does not always reflect the intracranial pressure (ICP), especially in children.1 Therefore, direct ICP monitoring is the gold standard for ascertainment of ICP. However, this procedure is more invasive, requiring general anesthesia and hospital admission to monitor ICP over a period of days. It also carries low risk for central nervous system infection or injury. Consequently, newer techniques are being devised to noninvasively monitor ICP.2 In this issue of JAMA Ophthalmology, Swanson et al3 use a now ubiquitous ophthalmic technology to pursue the holy grail of noninvasive ICP monitoring. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has shown high sensitivity for identifying subtle neuroanatomical changes within and around the optic disc that correlate with the presence of papilledema.4 Optical coherence tomography is noninvasive and can often be performed without sedation or hospital admission. These investigators conducted a prospective study to determine whether OCT can be used as a surrogate for direct ICP management. They compared various OCT-derived optic disc parameters with the results of direct ICP monitoring and found a striking correlation. How do we interpret the results of this study and determine their clinical implications? The proposed OCT evaluation of the 3-dimensional disc parameters to detect intracranial hypertension is novel. Prior OCT studies have typically reported the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, which is the thickness of the RNFL at a 3.4-mm circular scan around the nerve. In contrast, these investigators manually measured various parameters of the disc itself, including the maximum RNFL, maximal retinal thickness, and maximal anterior retinal projection of the disc. Combining these 3 parameters, OCT yielded a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 62% in detecting elevated ICP in children with craniosynostosis. While the manually measured maximum 3-dimensional OCT parameters of the disc correlated with intraoperative ICP, the standard automated optic nerve head parameters did not correlate with ICP, including the average peripapillary RNFL thickness. In addition, there was no difference in the peripapillary RNFL thickness between the group with elevated ICP and those without elevated ICP among the patients with craniosynostosis, indicating that most patients with elevated ICP did not have the usual peripapillary RNFL thickening that is seen with papilledema. While the OCT 3-dimensional parameters of the disc appear to be more sensitive than the standard peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements in detecting raised ICP, we have to keep in mind that they may be less specific. The standard peripapillary RNFL circular scan uses a fixed diameter of 3.4 mm around the nerve to provide RNFL thickness because prior studies found it offers the best reproducibility.4 When measuring the disc itself, congenital anatomic variations in the disc will have a much larger effect on the variability of the disc parameters. The complexity of OCT data analysis may limit the general applicability of this study. These OCT measurements require the ability to accurately calibrate, demarcate, quantitate, and interpret subtle neuroanatomic aberrations, which is a diagnostic skill set likely to be inaccessible to many practicing ophthalmologists. Ultimately, we will need automated ways of measuring the 3-dimensional OCT disc parameters and prospective evaluations of these parameters to see how they vary with treatment of intracranial hypertension. Several general issues deserve comment. The accepted threshold of 15 cm H2O for ICP elevation in craniosynostosis5 has recently been called into question. The reader is directed to the critical analysis by Hayward et al,6 which argues that a threshold of 20 cm H2O may be more realistic. As elegantly summarized in this review, except in cases of severe ICP elevation causing loss of autoregulation and reduced mean arterial perfusion, the putative neurocognitive effects of elevated ICP on the brain are open to serious question, given that intracranial hypertension may be a surrogate for other problems. This is particularly true in the setting of pediatric head trauma.6 However, the fragile premise that elevated ICP is intrinsically detrimental to neurocognition may encourage prophylactic cranial vault expansion to preempt the development of intracranial hypertension in children with craniosynostosis. Direct ICP monitoring is unnecessary in children with asymptomatic craniosynostosis. We do not monitor children with single-suture craniosynostosis who are younger than 2 years of age unless there is a clinical suspicion that they have developmental delays, irritability, or headaches related to decreased intracranial volume. Without visible papilledema, there is no threat to vision in these children. However, we tend to monitor children with syndromic craniosynostosis because they have a higher risk for decreased intracranial volume, hydrocephalus, and poor venous outflow, which puts them at higher risk for intracranial hypertension. These complex forms of craniosynostosis can be independently associated with hydrocephalus, which may portend a worse clinical outcome than in those without hydrocephalus. This innovative study also raises new and intriguing questions. Will the presence of pseudopapilledema confound the Related article Optical Coherence Tomographic Detection of Intracranial Pressure Invited Commentary


Introduction: Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin are a cornerstone of chemotherapeutic strategies in various cancers such as breast cancer, lymphoma, sarcoma and pediatric leukemia. Their widespread use, however, is currently limited by anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Hypothesis: We propose to incorporate light-sheet fluorescent microscopy and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound to unravel the 3D architecture and electromechanical coupling of doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury and regeneration in the adult zebrafish model. Methods and Results: 3-month old zebrafish were injected intraperitoneally with doxorubicin at 20 μg/g of body weight followed by imaging at 3, 30, and 60 days post-injection. We observed an initial decrease in myocardial and endocardial cavity volume at day 3, followed by ventricular remodeling and hypertrabeculation at day 30, and normalization at day 60 ( P P P P P Conclusions: Our results suggest that doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury leads to ventricular remodeling, followed by activation of Notch signaling to promote endocardial hypertrabeculation and restoration of cardiac function.


Enantioselective resolution processes can be improved by integration of racemization. Applying environmentally friendly enzymatic racemization under mild conditions is in particular attractive. Owing to the variety of enzymes and the progress in enzyme engineering, suitable racemases can be found for many chiral systems. An amino acid racemase (AAR) from P. putida KT2440 is capable of processing a broad spectrum of amino acids at fast conversion rates. The focus of this study is the evaluation of the potential of integrating AAR immobilized on Purolite ECR 8309 to racemize L- or D-methionine (Met) within an enantioselective chromatographic resolution process. Racemization rates were studied for different temperatures, pH values, and fractions of organic co-solvents. The long-term stability of the immobilized enzyme at operating and storage conditions was found to be excellent and recyclability using water with up to 5 vol% ethanol at 20 °C could be demonstrated. Packed as an enzymatic fixed bed reactor, the immobilized AAR can be coupled with different resolution processes; for instance, with chromatography or with preferential crystallization. The performance of coupling it with enantioselective chromatography is estimated quantitatively, exploiting parametrized sub-models. To indicate the large potential of the AAR, racemization rates are finally given for lysine, arginine, serine, glutamine, and asparagine.


Membrane type 1 metalloprotease (MT1‐MMP) is a transmembrane metalloprotease that plays a major role in the extracellular matrix remodeling, directly by degrading several of its components and indirectly by activating pro‐MMP 2. We investigated the effects of MT1‐MMP overexpression on in vitro and in vivo properties of human breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cells, which do not express MT1‐MMP or MMP‐2. MT1‐MMP and MMP‐2 cDNAs were either transfected alone or cotransfected. All clones overexpressing MT1‐MMP 1) were able to activate endogenous or exogenous pro‐MMP‐2, 2) displayed an enhanced in vitro invasiveness through matrigel‐coated filters independent of MMP‐2 transfection, 3) induced the rapid development of highly vascularized tumors when injected subcutanously in nude mice, and 4) promoted blood vessels sprouting in the rat aortic ring assay. These effects were observed in all clones overexpressing MT1‐MMP regardless of MMP‐2 expression levels, suggesting that the production of MMP‐2 by tumor cells themselves does not play a critical role in these events. The angiogenic phenotype of MT1‐MMP‐producing cells was associated with an up‐regulation of VEGF expression. These results emphasize the importance of MT1‐MMP during tumor angiogenesis and open new opportunities for the development of anti‐angiogenic strategies combining inhibitors of MT1‐MMP and VEGF antagonists.—Sounni, N. E., Devy, L., Hajitou, A., Frankenne, F., Munaut, C., Gilles, C., Deroanne, C., Thompson, E. W., Foidart, J. M., Noel, A. MT1‐MMP expression promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis through an up‐regulation of vascular en‐dothelial growth factor expression. FASEB J. 16, 555–564 (2002)


A methodology for determining the mechanical trajectory and spatial coordinates of unmanned aircrafts by means of kinematic projection is described. The suggested methodology consists in the formation of two moving independent centers of kinematic projection by launching intercepting drones into space. Electromagnetic radio waves emitted by unmanned aircrafts pierce an unknown flying object and generate two independent projecting rays intersecting at the place of searching a flying object. At that, the instantaneous (at a certain moment) projection of the point of spatial location of the searched object will be located in an imaginary `picture plane' on the line connecting the projections of the points created by projecting rays of the intercepting drones. Since all the objects of projection are mobile in this case, the whole projection of the trajectory of the searched object will be displayed on the operator's monitor. The formation of a `more picture-like plan' perpendicular to the main one will allow us to build an axonometric view not only for the projection, but directly for the aircraft spatial movement trajectory. Every point of this trajectory gives us information about `instant' coordinates of the location of the aircraft in space. Velocity is calculated as the ratio of spatial displacement of a flying object to the duration of movement. The scientific novelty of the method of determining the trajectories, velocities, and coordinates of an unmanned aircraft consists in the combination of radar detection of a moving object with kinematic design used for its implementation in order to calculate instantaneous coordinates of the object. This methodology solves the problem of determining more accurately the coordinates of flying objects that are not clearly and qualitatively displayed on radar monitors due to small size, mass, and specific materials used in manufacture. At the same time, the influence on the accuracy of determining the coordinates of unmanned aircrafts reflected from the fixed obstacles placed on the relief surface of earth was established. The results of this study can be used in practice in military science, for example, during the anti-terrorist operation in the occupied territories of Ukraine, with the aim to detect and neutralize enemy reconnaissance unmanned aircrafts. The use of this method in aerial photography for clear fixation of drone coordinates during aerial surveys for terrain topography is also promising.


For companies to take full advantage of the potential offered by the Web, it is essential that their e-commerce websites be prepared and organized in highly usable manner. Companies with better website quality will save time and money, promote customer satisfaction and continued business, and gain an advantage over their competitors. This paper is an attempt to investigate the current issues and challenges for the top 10 B2C e-commerce websites in terms of promoting and marketing their products and services in China. The managerial implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.


This talk examines the impact of data integrity/quality in the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system on real-time locational marginal price (LMP) in electricity market operations. Measurement noise and/or manipulated sensor errors in a SCADA system may mislead system operators about real-time conditions in a power system, which, in turn, may impact the price signals in real-time power markets. This research serves as a first step to analytically investigate the impact of bad/malicious data on electric power market operations. The first part of this talk studies from a market participant's perspective a new class of malicious data attacks on state estimation, which subsequently influences the result of the newly emerging look-ahead dispatch models in the real-time power market. We propose a novel attack strategy, named ramp-induced data (RID) attack, with which the attacker can manipulate the limits of ramp constraints of generators in look-ahead dispatch, leading to financial profits while being undetected by the existing bad data detection algorithm embedded in the state estimator. In the second part, we investigate from a system operator's perspective the sensitivity of locational marginal price (LMP) with respect to data corruption-induced state estimation error in real-time power market. We present an analytical framework to quantify real-time LMP sensitivity subject to continuous and discrete data corruption via state estimation. The proposed framework offers system operators an online tool to identify economically sensitive buses and transmission lines to data corruption as well as find sensors that impact LMP changes significantly and influentially.


A programmable high voltage pulse power supply based on Pulse Frequency Modulation(PFM) control strategy is proposed in this paper.The output voltage is adjusted by a PFM converter circuit,and the width of high voltage pulse is controlled by a micro-controller.The proposed pulse power supply has low consumption,small volume,light weight and good isolation characteris-tic,furthermore,the output high voltage is continually adjustable and stable between 1.5~2.5kV.With a reliable over curent protection,it works in safe condition and also meets the need of the power supply which is applied in ion source of neu-tron tube's performance test system.


Computations are tabulated for maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of radioactive fall-out in water and air for consumption during selected periods at designated times after burst to meet specified dose criteria, namely, 15 rems in 90 days and 150 rems in 30 days. The MPC values obtained may be used directly to obtain values for other doses during the same periods of 30 and 90 days by simply using the approprtate factor. For example, the MPC for a dose of 1.5 rem in 90 days is one-tenth the tabulated value for 15 rems. The fourteen major radionuclides of the fall-out are evaluated in terms of their individual contributions under varying situations to the radioactivity of the fall-out mixture. Only limited, unofficial MPC data were available for single exposures, hence in the computations, emphasis was given to exposure periods ranging to 90 days. The calculations for radioactive fall-out are based upon the critical organ yielding the smallest MPC for each element. The study shows that, in general, the principal contributors in the fall-out mixture to the dose to tnternal body parts during the first seven days after burst are: I/sup 1//sup 3// sup 1/ Np/sup 2//sup 3//sup 9/ Ba/sup 1//sup 4//sup 0/more » La/sup 1//sup 4//sup 0/ Sr/ sup 8//sup 9/, Zr/sup 9//sup 5/, Nb/sup 9//sup 5/, and Y/sup 9//sup 1/. The main contributors from 8 to 105 days after burst are:I/sup 1//sup 3//sup 1/, sr/sup 8// sup 9/, Ce/sup 1//sup 4//sup 4/, Pr/sup 1//sup 4//sup 4/, Ba/sup 1//sup 4//sup 0/ , La/sup 1//sup 4//sup 0/, and Y/sup 9//sup 1/, whereas Sr/sup 8//sup 9/, Ce/sup 1//sup 4//sup 4/, Pr/sup 1//sup 4//sup 4/, Zr/sup 9//sup 5/, Nb/sup 9//sup 5/, Sr/ sup 9//sup 0/, Y/sup 9//sup 0/and Y/sup 9//sup 1/are the principal contributors from 105 days to 365 days after burst. (auth)« less


We present a class of non-polynomial parametric splines that interpolate the given control points and show that some curve types in this class have a set of highly desirable properties that were not previously demonstrated for interpolating curves before. In particular, the formulation of this class guarantees that the resulting curves have C2 continuity everywhere and local support, such that only four control points define each curve segment between consecutive control points. These properties are achieved directly due to the mathematical formulation used for defining this class, without the need for a global numerical optimization step. We also provide four example spline types within this class. These examples show how guaranteed self-intersection-free curve segments can be achieved, regardless of the placement of control points, which has been a limitation of prior interpolating curve formulations. In addition, they present how perfect circular arcs and linear segments can be formed by splines within this class, which also have been challenging for prior methods of interpolating curves.


The article describes the aspects of forming the information V2I model, the process of preparation, monitoring and assessment of the technical state of the transport vessel power plant under operating conditions with the possibility of predicting its technical state. The authors developed an informational V2I model, which is characterized by the vibrational field of the transport vessel, means of monitoring of the technical state parameters and infrastructure components for monitoring any transport vessel. The main idea is to implement information monitoring system designed to ensure the efficient operation of the vehicle in non-stationary operating conditions, characterized by the lack of quality data transmission networks.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the rules of municipal law-making technique. The author justifies the relevance of this study. The author presents the scientific approaches to the definition of sources and forms of law, gives their classification and considers the problem of correlation of these concepts. The author analyzes the meaning of discussive law "On Regulatory legal acts in the Russian Federation" as a possible juridical source of lawmaking rules. The author reveals the specificity of regulatory acts as sources of municipal. The Federal law "On general principles of organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation" is subjected to the comprehensive review as it has crucial relevance for the system of regulatory legal acts. The analysis of three groups of rules allocated in the law "On General Principles of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" allowed determining these rules as procedural.


The central objective of this analysis is the description and analysis of the distribution of costs and benefits of participation in debt-equity financing. This is done by focusing on the mechanisms involved in debt-equity financing and by examining the conditions under which particular distributions of costs and benefits accrue to the interacting parties. While we examine these differential impacts from the perspective of all parties involved, the central focus is on the impact for the national economies of debtor countries.


Tech- nological developments are now so rapidly. For gaming desktops just so many kinds and not many games - the game is still a desktop application that is not connected to a network. and of course the game will seemingly boring if played by itself without any user interaction with others in this sense is connected with the network connection. In scienti c writing, the author tries to make a game of Tic Tac Toe can be played this game multiuser which are connected in a LAN-based network connection connecting the media either using wired or wireless. Application of this game created using socket programming language Java Standard Edition (J2SE). With the application of this game is expected to gaming enthusiasts do not look bored with gaming desktop. Because of this desktop game can be played with a lot of people and played alternately. Penamaan File: 50406640


Starting from basic theory, this paper shows that induction generators are useful only if the speed range is limited. A number of seemingly ingenious schemes are discussed. The conclusion is that there is either no net output or that the efficiencies of the systems are too low for wide speed range operation to find practical application as constant-frequency aircraft electrical, supplies.


MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc network) is type of network which is comprised of moveableness vertices which are connected to form a wireless network. The connected vertices can move very freely as there is no fixed infrastructure for the network. Black hole attack is a DOS attack where one of the vertices in the network is mischievous which tries to capture all the datagrams passing through it by sending a false reply to the origin vertex. In this paper an improvement is made to the existing AODV protocol to mitigate the black hole attack in Manets. The proposed method finds the mischievous vertex and avoids the delivery route through the mischievous vertex. The simulations were experimented in ns2 and the observations prove that the implemented approach works well for various performance metrices like Packet delivery ratio, End to End delay and throughput.


The Dezhou Fourth Waterworks has a design capacity of 11 × 104m3/ d. The treatment process includes pretreatment,conventional treatment and advanced treatment. The conventional treatment uses double layer horizontal flow sedimentation tank and V-filter. The advanced treatment uses ozonation and upward flow biological activated carbon adsorption. The technological process,design parameters of main structures and design characteristic were introduced for reference.


We present a new model for predicting the switching current and delay in a CMOS inverter with an RC load. The model exploits the ability of an inverter model such as the one described in [ 11 to predict accurately the current peak time, t,, as a function of inverter size, input slope and capacitive load. An iterative procedure computes the effective capacitance presented by the RC load, using an empirical model for the output voltage of the RC load driven by a reference inverter. Not only is the resulting model accurate but computationally efficient as well, so that the two to three order speed up over HSPICE achieved in [l] is preserved.


Perception of ligands in the extracellular space by transmembrane receptors initiates signal transduction. The conformation change of the receptor induces changes of intracellular signalling components, including altered cellular concentration, altered subcellular location, altered conformation and altered interacting partners. Biochemical approaches have yielded a lot of information about these processes. However, methods that are compatible with analysis of single living cells are often preferred, since cells are highly organized and their response is usually spatially heterogeneous. In addition, the study of signalling cascades requires high temporal resolution. Fluorescence imaging approaches meet these requirements. Moreover, imaging approaches can be combined with genetically encoded green fluorescent protein-based probes that have a high selectivity and sensitivity for the process/molecule of interest. Nowadays, many genetically encoded probes are available for visualizing signalling in living cells. This review is centred on a key regulator of cellular signalling, protein kinase C (PKC). We will discuss imaging approaches that are used for analysing the molecules involved in activation of PKC, visualizing the dynamics of the location of PKC, measuring the conformation of PKC and quantifying the activity of PKC. These approaches are of general interest since they can be applied to study the dynamics, conformation and activity of any protein in living cells.


Academic Research on Urdu Language and Literature started much before creation of Pakistan, but there were very few who excelled to the level of PhD. Although there was no shortage of topics but researchers, academicians and universities offering PhDs were rare. Even Pakistan's oldest University of Punjab established department of Urdu in 1948, Karachi University followed couple of years later. For the first 20-25 years of Pakistan not much could be achieved in field of credible research on Urdu.

It only improved in 1973 when Dr. Waheed Qureshi took charge of Urdu department, Punjab University. He opened new doors for research relating activities, engaged and supported researchers in there work, which gave tremendous boost to academic research on Urdu. His predecessors Dr. Ghulam Hussain, Dr. Khwaja Muhammad Zakria and Dr. Sohail Ahmad Khan had the same generous attitude towards research. In my tenure as head of Urdu Department (2000-2001), regular PhD program was initiated in parallel to already existed Private PhD program, greatly increasing number of PhD students. At the same time Allama Iqbal Open University, Universities of Karachi, Sindh, Multan and Bhawalpur had there own M.Phil and PhD programs. Research on Urdu Language and Literature is not confined to universities in Pakistan. Research work on Urdu is carried out globally. Universities in USA, Canada, UK, France, Belgium, Turkey, Bangladesh and specially India are awarding M. Phil and PhD degrees in Urdu.

Need for Comprehensive List of Topics

Though the advancement and expansion on research on Urdu is encouraging but there are also some points to ponder about such as lack of coordination between Urdu departments of universities. No university has any idea of topics others are working on or have been researched, nor there is any elaborated and comprehensive list of topics available one can consult before assigning a topic to researchers resulting in repetition of topics. One can find multiple research papers on one topic, of which many might be from same university. This is sheer wastage of time, resources and expertise.

Another disadvantage of non availability of a comprehensive list is that research trends can not be judged, which hinders search for new topics.

My association with academic research is spread over 40 years and I am affiliated with M.A, M. Phil, and PhD level research work being done in Punjab and Allama Iqbal Open universities. It was always difficult to confirm if any previous work is available on a topic, at times after putting months of work on a topic one gets the knowledge that some university had already researched on the topic or has assigned the topic for research.

Due to above mentioned reasons, need for a comprehensive list of topics is evident. I over the years kept notes on credible research work done, using my notes and other available documents complied this list.


Diatoms are unicellular, eukaryotic and photosynthetic algae with unique cell wall made up of silica. They have selective living habitat which are variable according to climate, chemical factors and interference of other biological organisms. Diatoms are indicates past and present ecological questions and they are strongly related to the quality of aquatic system. Diatoms having different geometrical shapes with different taxonomic precision. Due to their unique characteristics they are used in nutrient supplements, antibiotic, anti-cancerous drug, nanotechnology and paleoecology to interpret historical condition from fossils. Present study will help forensic expert to compare with samples in drowning cases of Aurangabad region and to conclude pre and postmortem drowning. It helps to link suspect and victim to crime and demonstrates the collection and extraction methods for diatoms with minimum loss.


In this paper, a Susceptible Exposed Infected Recovered (SEIR) epidemiological model is formulated to determine the transmission of tuberculosis. The equilibrium points of the model are found and their stability is investigated. By analyzing the model, a threshold parameter R0 was found which is the basic reproductive number. It is noted that when R0 1 the disease will persist in the population and become endemic. The model has two non–negative equilibria namely the disease – free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium. The graphical solutions of the differential equations were developed using Matlab as well as the computer simulations.


The invention discloses a on-line charging method comprising: determining insufficiency of network resource remaining quota of prepaid user; transmitting message carrying on-line charging indication information to prepaid client equipment; the on-line charging indication information comprising a redirecting rule for redirecting a service flow to charging service equipment; after the prepaid client equipment receiving the message carrying on-line charging indication information, then redirecting the service flow to charging service equipment to complement on-line charging. Accordingly, the invention also discloses on-line charging system and equipment. The invention enables the prepaid client equipment to use a service flow to complete charging for prepaid user without interrupting other service of the prepaid user, thus improving user experience.


This paper mainly presents experimental results obtained with different spaceborne and airborne SARs over the Fontainebleau forest, France. Results show that C-band is not suitable either for monitoring the seasonal dynamics of foliage or for estimating forest structural parameters like the standing biomass. As well, X-band is found to be insensitive to biomass variations. In contrast, Land P-bands give interesting results for estimating the biomass of coniferous stands. For deciduous trees, it is suggested to use lower frequencies since P-band does not allow standing biomass to be accurately estimated.


We consider the light quark electroproduction cross section and show that the contribution coming from the infrared (q T < 300 M eV) region is not negligible. It changes the F 2 (x, Q 2)/xG(x, Q 2) ratio by 20-30% (or even more) for small x and Q 2 ∼ 4 GeV 2 .


This paper examines the sources of economic nationalism by a closer examination of the theory and policy of international trade, originating in the 19th century. We compare and contrast the views of British classical writers, the main proponents of trade liberalism, with the writings of Friedrich List, the main proponent of economic nationalism. The focus is on the distributional implications of trade, and the treatment of the benefits that a poor country may derive from trading with a rich country in 19th century economic thought. We also review the current literature on economic nationalism, and find that alternative perspectives emerge from differing views on the benefits and drawbacks of globalisation. We argue that List's approach remains relevant to understanding contemporary economic nationalism because it highlights a historical context in which the adverse distributional implications of foreign trade are likely to provoke nationalist sentiment.


Following an introduction into the microarray technology in translational neuroscience, the book goes on to look at the use of '-omics' technologies to analyse molecular changes in traumatic injury, neuron degeneration and regeneration, oxidative stress response, neuropathic pain manifestation, and more. The work covers central nervous system as well as peripheral nervous system pathologies. This novel approach makes the book an indispensable companion for neurobiologists, neurologists, cell and molecular biologists, geneticists, and analytical chemists.


OZET Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the level of knowledge of hairdressers, barbers, manicurists and pedicurists who could easily get infected with certain blood-borne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 147 barbers/hairdressers in the Adiyaman Province. Questionnaires were completed by the participants before the seminar in the training program co-prepared by Adiyaman Provincial Directorate of Health and the Chamber of Artisans. Those questionnaires completed by the participants were prepared after literature reviews. Results: Thirty-six participants gave the correct answer to the question which was if HIV + HBV + HCV are the blood-borne pathogens. 72.9% of the respondents stated that HBV infection is, 21.9% of the participants stated that HIV infection is a blood-borne disease. Regarding the question on the correct use of razor blades and razors, only 10 participants (6.8%) said "I use a new one for each customer", which was the correct answer. 17.3% of the barbers-hairdressers got injured within the preceding month, and 49% of them within the past one year with sharp objects, such as blades and razors that they used on their customers. 60.1% of them were vaccinated against HBV, and 39.9% of them were not. Conclusion: Barbers'/hairdressers' knowledge of the blood-borne pathogens is insufficient, and they do not pay adequate attention to protect their customers and themselves. (Viral Hepatitis Journal 2014; 20(2): 67-71)


Phase-comparison methods of transmission-line protection by distance-to-fault measurement have been widely used in schemes based on electromechanical relaying elements, but investigations into logical methods of protection have exposed an incompleteness in its steady-state theoretical basis, and an only partial utilisation of the techniques that are available in a field which is appreciably wider than it appears is generally supposed. Only the simplest modes of comparison appear to have been sufficiently attractive to warrant application hitherto, and the purpose of the paper is therefore to provide a thorough account of a comprehensive theoretical basis for comparison and to demonstrate the improved steady-state polar characteristics than can be derived from its use.Comparator models which effect phase comparison of two or more relaying signals are described in their schematic form, and composite mho/reactance and mho/ohm characteristics which can be obtained from them are developed. A quadrilateral characteristic, of potentially general application, is described.


Objective: To compare the recovery condition after transabdominal hysterectomy(TAH) and transvaginal hysterectomy(TVH),and to investigate their advantages and disadvantages.Methods: The clinical datas of the patients undergone the TAH or TVH were analyzed retrospectively,the datas included the operation time,the intraoperative blood loss,the anus exhaust time after operation,the rate of complication after operation and the time of hospitalization.Results:The operations of two groups were performed successfully.Conclusion: Intensive preoperative examination and the the right operative pattern are the key to perform the operation successfully.If the condition permits,TVH should be priority chosen.


Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we obtain upper and lower bounds for moments of the Riemann zeta‐function averaged over the extreme values between its zeros on the critical line. Our bounds are very nearly the same order of magnitude. The proof requires upper and lower bounds for continuous moments of derivatives of the Riemann zeta‐function on the critical line.


.................................................................................................................................... V Sammendrag ............................................................................................................................. VI Preface ..................................................................................................................................... VII Table of Content .................................................................................................................... VIII Table of Figures ........................................................................................................................ X 1 Why is Prediction of Suicidal Behaviour Important? ........................................................... 1 2 Suicidal Behaviour at a Public Level .................................................................................... 4 3 The Challenges of Prediction and How This Leaves Us within the Prediction Paradox ...... 6 4 The Ideation-to-Action Framework ...................................................................................... 8 4.1 The Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide ...................................................... 9 4.1.1 Thwarted belongingness. .................................................................................... 11 4.1.2 Perceived burdensomeness. ................................................................................ 11 4.1.3 Acquired capability for suicide. ......................................................................... 11 4.1.4 Risk assessment grounded in the IPTS. ............................................................. 13 4.1.5. Empirical evidence. ............................................................................................ 13 4.2 The Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour ........................ 14 4.2.1 Pre-motivational phase. ...................................................................................... 16 4.2.2 Motivational phase. ............................................................................................ 16 4.2.3 Volitional phase. ................................................................................................. 16 4.2.4 Risk assessment grounded in the IMV. .............................................................. 17 4.2.5 Empirical evidence. ............................................................................................ 17 4.3 The Three-Step Theory of Suicide................................................................................ 18 4.3.1 Pain. .................................................................................................................... 19 4.3.2 Hopelessness. ..................................................................................................... 20 4.3.3 Connectedness. ................................................................................................... 20 4.3.4 Suicide capacity. ................................................................................................. 21 4.3.5 Risk assessment grounded in the 3ST. ............................................................... 21 4.3.6 Empirical evidence. ............................................................................................ 22 4.4 The Fluid Vulnerability Theory of Suicide................................................................... 23 4.4.1 The suicidal mode. ............................................................................................. 24 4.4.2 Fundamental assumptions of the FVT. .............................................................. 25


The paper introduces the research and developing trendency of mining mechanismelecto-mechanical integralization ,and emphatically discusses the electromechanicalintergrated driving technique,SRD Transmitting technique and robot technique ,etc.which are closely relaed to the electromechanical integralization technology and the prospect applied in mining mechanism.


The g factors of the 2/sub 1//sup +/ states in /sup 146,148/Ce have been measured using the time integral perturbed angular correlation technique. The levels were populated by the radioactive decay of mass-separated /sup 146,148/La which was produced by thermal neutron fission of /sup 235/U. The measured g(2/sub 1//sup +/) values are 0.24 +- 0.05 and 0.37 +- 0.06 for /sup 146/Ce and /sup 148/Ce, respectively. The results are interpreted as a probe of the number of valence protons participating in the collective motion. Data for Ba, Ce, Nd, and Sm nuclei in the region of N = 90 show a distinct change in the value of g(2/sub 1//sup +/) as the number of neutrons increases from 86 to 90. This change is attributed to the effects of the strong interaction between the ..pi..h/sub 11/2/ and ..nu..h/sub 9/2/ orbits which causes a gradual dissipation of the Z = 64 subshell gap.


This report gives the latest data of the subcommittee on the subject of the protection of transmission lines against lightning by the use of overhead ground wires, special construction, etc. Reports of power companies are included and recommendations of the committee are submitted.


This paper examines the object‐oriented data base as an alternative to the traditional, "pure" relational data base for construction project control information. An entity‐relationship (E‐R) model is developed to describe the piping work density identification process that is necessary for piping work package generation. With the E‐R model, a relational data base is developed to describe the characteristics of the relational data modeling concept. Then, an object‐oreinted data base (OODB) is developed with the same data and E‐R model to discuss specific features. Later, these two data bases are compared, with a focus on semantic expressiveness. Lessons are drawn from this comparison to illustrate the advantages, disadvantages, and appropriate uses of the OODB approach. The concluding discussion highlights the important distinctions and issues between these two data bases for users. The benefits of this examination are a better understanding of the potential of OODB approach.


There are some advantages in subjective test,but its quality is not convenient to control.In this paper,subjective test is analysed in the way of reliability,and it is discussed that how can the examiners lead to errors in criticism.At the end of this paper,some inprovement methods are expounded.


Art education is an important content in the practice of university education. under the condition of the full development of internet technology, the form of art education in colleges and universities should follow the trend of the times to make corresponding reform and optimization, so as to ensure that the art education in colleges and universities accords with the trend of the times. In this process, the reform and utilization of teaching resources is very important. Based on the indepth analysis of the characteristics of art education in colleges and universities, this paper expounds in detail the optimization and integration strategies of resources in the process of art teaching reform in colleges and universities from the Internet perspective. 1. The Importance of Resource Integration in the Reform of Art Education and Teaching in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Internet Under the background of the rapid development of Internet technology, college education should also be more detailed in time, actively use the new teaching form, re-optimization and integration of teaching resources, art education is no exception. However, under the traditional teaching concept, the college art education has always adopted the very traditional form, and the teaching content also has certain limitations, which is very unfavorable to the cultivation and development of students' artistic literacy. Therefore, in the face of such a teaching situation, colleges and universities should actively carry out the reform of art education and teaching, fully integrate and utilize the resources of art education under the Internet vision, enrich the content of art teaching and broaden the students' artistic vision, so as to create a good prerequisite for the comprehensive quality development of college students. (1) Promoting more efficient reform of art education and teaching in colleges and universities Under the background of promoting the all-round development of students' comprehensive quality education, the improvement of students' ability and quality in all aspects should be the key consideration in the process of education. Art is an important subject in the stage of higher education, and it is also an indispensable part of basic education. From the perspective of the course of education development, art education has a long history in our country, so it has formed a relatively fixed teaching form and educational idea, and the teaching mode has gradually become perfect and standardized [1]. However, with the continuous renewal and development of education, the teaching mode formed under the traditional concept is no longer in line with the actual requirements of educational development and students' learning. At the same time, many teachers do not know the art subject in place, there is a clear educational tendency under the concept of examination-oriented education, even many teachers in the development of art teaching activities, just simply deal with the matter. The effective integration of college art education and teaching resources under the Internet has solved the main obstacles affecting the improvement of art teaching quality in colleges and universities. Good teaching resources can help students to learn and understand the content of art knowledge better, and at the same time stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning. (2) In keeping with the current trend of higher education, it is beneficial to cultivate students' artistic thinking 2020 Annual Conference of Education, Teaching and Learning (ACETL 2020) Copyright © (2020) Francis Academic Press, UK DOI: 10.25236/acetl.2020.037 163 In the process of students learning, the basic knowledge and comprehensive quality are the key parts that can not be ignored, so teachers should actively explore and improve the teaching mode when carrying out teaching activities, so as to promote students to learn the corresponding knowledge content better [2]. In the course of teaching activities, teachers should attach great importance to the integration of teaching resources, consider the changes of students' psychological activities in the process of learning, strengthen the integration and application of teaching resources, help students get more external environmental stimulation in the process of learning, and give students the most powerful impact on their psychology and spirit [3]. The effective integration of college art education and teaching resources from internet perspective is exactly in line with the current development trend of university art education, and plays a very positive role in cultivating students' thinking ability and enlivening the atmosphere of classroom teaching, which is the actual need of current education development. Figure 1 Art Education and Teaching in Colleges and Universities 2. The Basic Principles of Resource Integration in the Reform of Art Education and Teaching in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Internet (1) Interesting principle The pressure of examination-oriented study has been reduced for the students in the college education stage. If the content of classroom teaching is vivid and rich, it will fully attract students' attention. But on the contrary, if the classroom teaching form is boring and single, and the knowledge point itself is more difficult, it will greatly affect the students' enthusiasm for learning. It is very difficult to achieve the ideal teaching goal at this time [4]. Especially in the background of the full development of Internet technology, in order to effectively integrate the educational resources in the practice of art teaching reform in colleges and universities, the interesting problem of classroom teaching should be seriously considered first. Therefore, for teachers, in the process of art teaching reform in colleges and universities from the perspective of the Internet, we should have a good sense of interesting classroom construction, through the rich and colorful diversity of art teaching resources, effectively explore the interest of art education itself, stimulate students to actively participate in classroom teaching enthusiasm, let students have the desire to actively learn, fundamentally avoid the lack of concentration, the low efficiency of classroom teaching, lay a solid foundation for the improvement of art teaching quality. (2) Innovative principles From the actual situation of art teaching in colleges and universities, the single teaching form of step-by-step almost runs through the whole process of students' learning. Therefore, students in the process of learning, often have a strong passivity, learning is mostly out of the completion of the teaching tasks assigned by teachers, lack of autonomy and independence. In this form of teaching, if the content of learning is more difficult, students' confidence in learning will be greatly affected, and some students will be tired of learning, which is very unfavorable to the cultivation of students' artistic literacy and the development of subsequent teaching activities.[5]. Therefore, in the process of college art teaching reform from the Internet perspective, teachers should follow the innovative principle when integrating teaching resources. That is to say, teachers should make full use of the advantages of Internet resources, combine the students' actual learning requirements in the actual


A study of the problem about the fake signals derived from spectrum analysis on unevenly sampled data is presented. It concludes that fake signals will appear when using Lomb spectrum analysis of quasi-multi-period sampling data from VLBI experiments. An experiential formula to identify the fake peaks and a statistical proving are given. By this formula can identify the positions of fake signals. And it can also discuss how to use this formula in spectrum analysis. Although the conclusion is based on the VLBI data spectrum analysis, it can be used widely as well.


In order to clarify the mechanisms of food‐sensitive enteropathy, a food hypersensitive model was generated by feeding ovalbumin to female BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and morphological and immunological changes in the gut mucosa were investigated. Villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and increased numbers of intra‐epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were confirmed in this model, as seen in food‐sensitive enteropathy in humans. Subpopulations of IEL and lamina propria lymphocytes were enumerated by immunohistochemical observation. CD8‐positive cells were increased both in epithelium and lamina propria, whereas CD4‐positive cells were decreased in lamina propria. We document here that orally administered food antigen actually induces food‐sensitive enteropathy and mucosal damage is generated by lymphocytes that infiltrate the intestinal mucosa. We also investigated the effect of feeding an ω‐3 fatty acid‐enriched diet in this model and found that it was efficient in attenuating mucosal damage.


The microstructure and mechanical properties of 5A90 Al-Li alloy T-joints by laser welding with and without filler wire were investigated. The results show that laser welding with filler wire could reduce the undercut and collapse defects,and improve the weld surface forming. Meanwhile,laser welding with filler wire could also increase the area of fusion zone and enhance the laser absorption rate. Laser welding with filler wire could homogenize the weld microstructure on both sides of the Tjoint,although the grains were coarsened. However,the tensile strength of the joint increased by nearly 20% and the fractured surface revealed ductile features.


The discussion about the use of computers in the legal world began the year the cybernetics of Norbert Wiener was born. His fundamental work, Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and in the Machine, was in fact first published in 1948. His suggestion there of legal problems as cybernetic problems probably influenced the article published the following year by Lee Loevinger, in which one found jurimetrics, i.e., the use of computers in the field of law,1 spoken of for the first time. It is thus possible to assign a precise date of origin to the articles dealing with this development: 1949. Thereafter, the number of interested scholars has increased rapidly; the discipline has spanned the oceans and spread throughout Europe and Asia; and the writers on this subject have become so numerous that the most recent international bibliography on the use of


Partitioning algorithms play a key role in many scientific and engineering disciplines. A partitioning algorithm divides a set into a number of disjoint subsets or partitions. Often, the quality of the resulted partitions is measured by the amount of impurity in each partition, the smaller impurity the higher quality of the partitions. In general, for a given impurity measure specified by a function of the partitions, finding the minimum impurity partitions is an NP-hard problem. Let $M$ be the number of $N$-dimensional elements in a set and $K$ be the number of desired partitions, then an exhaustive search over all the possible partitions to find a minimum partition has the complexity of $O(K^M)$ which quickly becomes impractical for many applications with modest values of $K$ and $M$. Thus, many approximate algorithms with polynomial time complexity have been proposed, but few provide bounded guarantee. In this paper, an upper bound and a lower bound for a class of impurity functions are constructed. Based on these bounds, we propose a low-complexity partitioning algorithm with bounded guarantee based on the maximum likelihood principle. The theoretical analyses on the bounded guarantee of the algorithms are given for two well-known impurity functions Gini index and entropy. When $K \geq N$, the proposed algorithm achieves state-of-the-art results in terms of lowest approximations and polynomial time complexity $O(NM)$. In addition, a heuristic greedy-merge algorithm having the time complexity of $O((N-K)N^2+NM)$ is proposed for $K<N$. Although the greedy-merge algorithm does not provide a bounded guarantee, its performance is comparable to that of the state-of-the-art methods. Our results also generalize some well-known information-theoretic bounds such as Fano's inequality and Boyd-Chiang's bound.


We read with interest Pencina et al.'s paper introducing the 'net reclassification improvement' as a method to evaluate the marginal value of novel biomarkers [1]. We found the approach of particular value in that it focuses on medical decision-making, that is, how the addition of a biomarker to a risk prediction model affects subjects' risk classification and presumably subsequent decisions about medical interventions. An obvious limitation of measures such as the area under the curve (AUC) is that there is no necessary relationship between changes in the measure and changes in medical decisions. As an example, take a model for the outcome of prostate cancer biopsy where patients were placed in one of four risk categories: unlikely; possible; probable and highly probable. If a novel marker moved some patients with disease from the 'probable' to 'highly probable' category this would improve the model's AUC. However, if all patients with at least 'possible' cancer were biopsied, the marker would make no practical difference in the clinic. The net reclassification improvement would accurately capture the low utility of the marker. Nonetheless, we note two problems with the methods proposed by Pencina et al., both of which appear to be accepted by the authors. First, reclassifications are considered to be of equal value regardless of the direction. This is a disadvantage because it is rare that a false positive and false negative have the similar effect on a patients' survival or quality of life. In our prostate cancer example, most patients would consider a missed cancer to be worse than an unnecessary biopsy. In a net reclassification improvement analysis of 1000 patients, a marker that resulted in 50 fewer biopsies of men without cancer, but also 30 fewer biopsies of men with cancer, would have a positive net reclassification improvement. However, few clinicians would be prepared to miss 30 cancers in order to avoid biopsying 50 men unnecessarily. The second limitation is that the metric depends on what the authors themselves describe as a 'somewhat arbitrary choice of categories'. In their motivating example, patients with 5 per cent risk are classified differently than those with 6 per cent risk. But who is to say that 5 per cent is the appropriate cut-off? As it happens, both limitations have been addressed in papers published in the literature. With respect to weighting, Vergouwe et al. [2] pointed out that the threshold used to classify patients into different risk groups can be used to weight reclassifications. Take the case of a patient who states that he would opt for treatment if his probability of an event was pt or higher but not if it was lower than pt . It is easily shown using decision theory that if the value ('loss') associated with unnecessary treatment is defined as 1, the patient values missed treatment as (1− pt )÷ pt . For example, a patient who would opt for a prostate biopsy if his risk of cancer was 20 per cent or


A feedback law expressed by means of a Trotter product formula approximation of the dynamic programming equation, and which provides approximately optimal controls, is established for the control systems governed by a certain class of variational inequalities of parabolic type. To this purpose, two general Lie-Trotter formulas for the dynamic programming equation are proposed, and corresponding convergence results (generalizing previous results of the author) are proved. The framework also includes the control systems described by the parabolic obstacle problem as well as those governed by semilinear parabolic equations.


Two new deterministic lattice versions of the wind-tree model, with fixed or moving mirrors placed randomly on a square lattice are considered. Inboth cases, the diffusioncoefficient apppears to be givenby the Boltzmann expression for all densities ofthe mirrors.


Selecting an appropriate rules-based engine requires balancing many different, and often, not well-understood properties such as business rules representation methods, rule history and life cycle management, and interoperability with external data sources. The Handbook of Research on Emerging Rule-Based Languages and Technologies: Open Solutions and Approaches provides a comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art advancements in rule languages, containing methodologies for building rule-based applications, rule interoperability and interchange, and rule-based applications. Developers of rule-based languages and technologies as well as users of these applications will find this Handbook of Research to be a significant resource within the field.


The combination of regulatory changes and increased waste volume has resulted in design changes in waste processing systems. Problems resulting from waste segregation as a basis for design philosophy are considered, and solutions to the problems are suggested. The importance of operator training, maintenance procedures, good housekeeping, water management, and offsite shipment of solids is discussed. Flowsheets for radioactive waste processing systems for boiling water reactors and pressurized water reactors are included. (JGB)


This review is based on the anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-diarrheal activity of Punica granatum . It includes the complete summary of the ability of the various extracts of pomegranate peel, juice, leaf against bacterial infection, fungal infection, cancer cells, inflammation, and diarrhea. Pomegranate's anti-obesity activity is also discussed. The phytochemical components present in Punica are responsible for the various properties and activities. Its role against atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypoxia ischemia is also focused in this review.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use of antibacterial agents in both the outpatients and the inpatients of our hospital during Jan.-Dec.period of 2010 so as to promote the rational use of antibacterial agents.METHODS: 100 outpatient prescriptions and 30 inpatient medical records including15 surgical cases and 15 nonsurgical cases were randomly selected from our hospital monthly for investigation and analysis of the use of antibacterial agents.RESULTS: The proportion of patients with antibiotic use was on the high side and the drug use was mostly empirical without due importance to pathogen culture and drug sensitivity tests.The antibiotic use was noted in 32.4%(389/1 200) of the outpatients and in 43.33%(78/180) of the nonsurgical cases,and perioperative use of prophylactic antibiotics was noted in 100%(180/180).The preventive application of antibiotics in our hospital had the problems of unclear medication indications,nonstandard time of administration,prolonged drug use and high proportion in drug combination etc.CONCLUSIONS: The use of antibiotics in our hospital has problems and it remains to be standardized.


The advancement in distributed computing and boost in picture measure are affecting the outsourcing of picture store up and taking care of an appealing business to illustrate. In spite of the way this outsourcing has various purposes of enthusiasm, safeguarding data privacy in the cloud is one among the essential worries. In attendance be there forefront encryption gets ready for ensuring privacy in the cloud. In any case, such strategies will not permit cloud datacenters in performing tasks over scramble pictures. We addressed this issue via suggesting 2DCrypt, a reformed Paillier cryptosystem-based picture scaling and trimming plan aimed at multi-client settings gives permission cloud datacenters for scaling and item a picture inside mixed region. In the direction of presume a tall storing overhead happened as a result of the honest per-pixel encryption, proposed a space-proficient tiling strategy that grants tile-level picture editing and scaling tasks. Basically, as opposed to scrambling each pixel autonomously, we can encode a tile of pixels. The 2DCrypt is to such a degree, to the point that different customers be able to view and/ process photos deprived of partaking at all encryption keys- an essential alluring for utilitarian game plans in certified affiliations. The examination and consequences exhibit that 2DCrypt is IND-CPA secure and gets a commendable overhead. When scaling a 512 * 512 picture by a factor of two, 2DCrypt necessitates a picture client in downloading just about 5 : 3 times a more noteworthy number of data than the un-mixed scaling and necessity to work around 2 : 3 seconds more to get scaled picture in plaintext.


During the production process of lithium-ion battery cells, the filling, which consists of dosing and wetting steps, of the cell and its components with an electrolyte liquid is important for the quality and costs of the final product. The cell format as a combination of housing and cell arrangement not only determines the type of filling process but also influences the distribution of the electrolyte within the cell. The cell format also has an influence on the wetting state as a function of time. Herein, in situ neutron radiography is used to analyze the filling process of two different cell types – pouch cells with a z-folded stack and hardcase cells with a flat wound roll. The results are then analyzed and transferred to other common cell formats to identify a fillable cell design and format-dependent process improvement possibilities to enable faster processing.


To elucidate the ecological function of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),the temporal and spatial dynamics of AMF and glomalin and their relationship with soil factors were surveyed in farming-pastoral zone in Hebei province and Inner Mongolia.Soil samples in the rhizosphere of Caragana korshinskii Kom.were collected at 0-10,10-20,20-30,30-40 and 40-50 cm depth in April,July and October of 2009,respectively.The results showed that AMF and glomalin in the rhizosphere of C.korshinskii had significant spatio-temporal distribution,hyphal colonization and spore density had the highest values in July,glomalin had maximal value in April,hyphal colonization,spore density and glomalin were the highest at 0-10 cm soil layer.Spatio-temporal distribution of AMF and glomalin was significantly affected by soil factors,and glomalin had positive relationship with hyphal colonization and spore density.Therefore,glomalin may be an appropriate index for evaluating AMF activities and soil fertility.


In paragraphs 31-33 of Meca-Medina judgment the European Court of Justice has set aside the decisions of the Court of First Instance by finding an error in law. It held that: 'even if those rules do not constitute restrictions on freedom of movement because they concern questions of purely sporting interest and, as such, have nothing to do with economic activity, that fact means neither that the sporting activity in question necessarily falls outside the scope of Articles 81 EC and 82 EC nor that the rules do not satisfy the specific requirements of those articles. However, [...] the Court of First Instance held that the fact that purely sporting rules may have nothing to do with economic activity, with the result that they do not fall within the scope of Articles 39 EC and 49 EC, means, also, that they have nothing to do with the economic relationships of competition, with the result that they also do not fall within the scope of Articles 81 EC and 82 EC. In holding that rules could thus be excluded straightaway from the scope of those articles solely on the ground that they were regarded as purely sporting with regard to the application of Articles 39 EC and 49 EC, without any need to determine first whether the rules fulfilled the specific requirements of Articles 81 EC and 82 EC, as set out in paragraph 30 of the present judgment, the Court of First Instance made an error of law.' Therefore, the rules found to be purely sporting for the purpose of freedom of movement provisions, are not by the virtue of that fact also excluded from the assessment under competition provisions. They have to satisfy the requirements of both set of the Treaty rules separately. The UEFA's Gianni Infantino commented: '[...]it is important to recall that the European Court of First Instance reasoned that if a sports rule was "non-economic" in character (and so outside the prohibitions of free movement law) then logically the same rule would be outside the prohibitions of competition law as well. It is submitted that there is a powerful logic to this position, stemming from the fact that the EC Treaty itself only applies to "economic activities" within the meaning of Article 2 (an approach that goes back to Walrave). Consequently, if a sports rule is "non-economic" in character the Treaty (i.e. all of it) does not apply and that is the end of the matter. However, in what can only be described as a strange twist, the ECJ held that even if a sports rule has nothing to do with economic activity for the purposes of free movement law, that conclusion did not necessarily mean that the same rule has nothing to do economic activity for the purposes of competition law. In other words, the Court appears to contemplate that a sports rule could be "non-economic" (and outside the scope of free movement law) but could nevertheless infringe Articles 81/82, despite the fact that these latter Treaty provisions are only concerned with the economic relationships of competition. It is very difficult to find logic in this.' While reflecting the concern of most of the sporting world, this comment is based on legally flawed interpretation of the judgment. The ECJ had merely reminded us that the two sets of provisions protect different freedoms of action and include different elements in analysis and that those differences deserve recognition. In this sense, the rule which is considered purely sporting might not have the effect on economic freedoms of athletes or clubs guaranteed to them under Articles 39, 43 and 49 but it might have such effect on the guarantees related to undistorted competition under Articles 81 and 82; purely internal situation are outside of the scope of internal market rules but may not be outside competition rules; internal market rules are addressed to states and competition rules to undertakings, de minimis doctrine is applicable only in relation to competition, etc. …


The similarities between the depiction of the authors' youth in the autobiographies 'The Education of Young Donald' by Donald Horne, 'Unreliable Memoirs' by Clive James and 'The Watcher on the Cast-Iron Balcony' by Hal Porter are discussed. The similar instances in the autobiographies which highlight the authors' affection for their respective mothers, hostility towards their fathers and the general lack of mention of their siblings during the descriptions of their youth are presented.


Dispersions of sterically stabilized magnetite nanoparticles in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) carrier fluids have been prepared for potential biomedical applications. Trivinylsiloxy-terminated PDMS was functionalized with mercaptoacetic acid or mercaptosuccinic acid to afford PDMS stabilizers containing either three or six carboxylic acid groups, respectively, at one chain-end. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical co-precipitation reaction of FeCl2 and FeCl3 with hydroxide at pH 9‐10. Subsequently, the PDMS stabilizers were adsorbed onto the magnetite nanoparticle surfaces via the carboxylate groups in an interfacial reaction at an acidic pH. The complexes were characterized with transmission electron microscopy to establish an average particle diameter of 7.4 � SD 1.7nm and approximately spherical shape. Complexes containing up to 67wt% magnetite were prepared using these PDMS stabilizers, resulting in maximum saturation specific magnetizations of � 50emug � 1 . The polymer-magnetite nanoparticle complexes could be dispersed in PDMS oligomers to afford polysiloxane ferrofluids. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background: Cigarette smoke has been implicated as a major risk factor in various diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction like essential hypertension, atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular dysfunction. Nitric oxide, an important second messanger plays a pivotal role in maintaining vasomotor tone and its level is also found to be altered in many chronic vascular disorders. The particulates in cigarette smoke is presumed to affect the production NO in vascular endothelium. Hence, it is proposed to study the effect of cigarette smoking in influencing Nitric oxide level. The study sample comprised of 138 chronic smokers and144 apparently healthy nonsmokers . Plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglyceride concentration (TGL) were determined enzymatically and serum NO index (NOx) estimated by Griess method. It was found that serum NOx level was not influenced by biochemical parameters like plasma glucose and lipid profile. The estimated mean NOx levels was slightly lower in smokers(15.92 with SD 5.4) than in nonsmokers (16.66with SD 6.73) . However the difference was not statistically significant ( P= 0.31). It is concluded that there is no significant correlation between serum nitric oxide level and smoking, based on this study.


A system for bypassing an aneurysm (100) comprising at least one bypass prosthesis (11a,11b) and at least one extension prosthesis (160). The bypass prosthesis comprises an extension receptacle in a distal portion (16a) thereof, and the extension prosthesis has a proximal portion (161) adapted to engage the extension receptacle.


Improvement of Sickle Quality Through Ergonomic Participatory Approach at Batunya Village Tabanan Regency: SUTJANA D.P., et al. Dept, of Physiology, Udayana University, School of Medicine—Sickles are the most common hand tools used by farmers, but nowadays farmers are complaining that the sickles being used are of low quality in term of sharpness, comfort and durability. In view of this problem, a participatory ergonomics study has been carried out at Batunya village for one year (from April 1995 to March 1996). A sample of 119 farmers participated in this study. Through interviews and seminars at the local meeting hall and at the University of Udayana, opinions were gathered from the farmers regarding the sickles used concerning their sharpness, shape, weight and handle design. During the seminar the ergonomic application was also discussed with the farmers. All information was given to the blacksmiths to improve the quality of the sickle. The new sickles with a JBS mark are being sold to the farmers through the local KUD as a trial, and the farmers have been asked to comment on the new design. There is no significant difference (p>0.05) between the old and the new sickles from the point of view of productivity, but according to the farmers the new design JBS sickles perform better than the old ones. KUD officials reported that the sale of JBS sickles was better than that of the old design. By continuing this procedure a sickle can be designed ergonomically.


We used the Matlock Periphytometer (Matlock et al., 1998) to measure in situ nutrient limitations and trophic
status at five stream sites in the Bosque River Watershed in north-central Texas during July 1997. Periphytic chlorophyll a
production from the Matlock Periphytometer was also used as an indicator of baseline primary productivity and of
maximum primary productivity (MPP) in response to nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus). The measured MPP
was interpreted to represent the rate of periphytic growth when nutrients are not limiting. We developed a lotic ecosystem
trophic status index (LETSI) using the ratio of baseline primary productivity to MPP. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)
limitations were evaluated using a modified LETSI as the ratio of either N or P enriched growth to MPP. The LETSI is by
definition a functional index, and may provide a classification tool for lotic ecosystem trophic status. Using the LETSI
indices, we observed differences in nutrient limitations in the streams and detected co-limitations of nitrogen and
phosphorus at two of the stream sites.


This study aims to obtain the Airport Passenger Experience Model in Terminal 1 of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport as a Low-Cost Carrier Terminal. Development of a passenger activity service model to address the gap between the level of importance and service perceived by business and leisure passenger types at all travel touch points in service processing activities and non-processing activities. This study uses 50 service attributes and 100 samples of respondents. The questionnaires were distributed twice. The first questionnaire uses the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method to determine the performance of each service attribute through identification of passenger needs and desires (Needs). The second questionnaire uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to obtain a ranking or priority order based on the level of importance of airport passengers (Importance). The results of the formulation of the House of Quality (HoQ) from a combination of QFD and AHP analysis methods get 5 priority programs (Panca Programs) from 17 Needs & Importance technical responses, including Customer Centric, Strategic Approach to Customer Service, Innovative, Sense of Place and Positive Ambiance. These have been adapted to the types of business passengers and leisure passengers at Terminal 1 Soekarno-Hatta Airport as a template for the Airport Passenger Experience Model for Low-Cost Carrier Terminals. If the manager of Terminal 1-BSH can carry out the five priority technical responses, then it can meet the needs of airport passengers by contributing 53.73% and if the sixth to tenth priority technical response is also carried out, it will increase the airport passenger experience by contributing as much as 84.80% as optimization of airport service performance at Terminal 1 Soekarno-Hatta Airport.


The article is devoted to the problem of self-development and self-actualization of teenagers. The author pays attention to the problem of knowledge perception, appraisement, evaluation, education, knowledge of environment, a category of good and a evil, public attitudes; social activity by a child.


This paper proposes the adaptive extended state observer (AESO)-based active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) to deal with the uncertainties, both in the plant and in the sensors. The gain of ESO is automatically timely tuned to reduce the estimation errors of both states and "total disturbance" against the measurement noise. Furthermore, the satisfactory performance of the closed-loop system is achieved by compensation for uncertainties. This novel controller is applied to the air-fuel ratio (AFR) control of gasoline engine, which has large nonlinear uncertainties due to the unknown speed change, fuel film dynamics, etc. In addition, the measurement of AFR is polluted by sensor noise. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller can ensure high deviation precision of AFR despite both uncertain dynamics and measurement noise. Moreover, the experimental comparison validates the effectiveness of the AESO's gain by which the performance of ADRC on mitigating uncertainties can be improved.


Sanyan,a novel series of the Ming Dynasty,shows a new temperament which is quite different from that of the novels in Song and Yuan dynasties.Its focus has been shifted from entertainment only to entertainment and warning as well.It emphasizes more on the display of the humanity than on plotting.The reasons for the shifts are as follows: the social current of thoughts in the Ming Dynasty,and the changes in its authors and target readers.


It was obviously important to find out whether the patient had at any time between the delivery and the follow-up investigation been pregnant. This seemed impossible. She had attended a welfare centre regularly. Husband and wife confirmed the use of birth control (by male sheath) because they did not desire a second child until they no longer had to live in the same house as a relative suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient gave a history of regular menses and had received no injections of any kind either anteor post-natally, and had never received a transfusion.


Waterproof material used in tunnel and underground engineering is hard to be restored and even detected timely once this material is inactive.It is consequently very important to know the durability and even useful life of spray-on waterproof membrane under mechanical circumstance in tunnel to provide technical guidance for construction.This paper carried through the experimental research by equipment designed and made independently according to the stress characteristics of the waterproof material for the tunnel,and established durability norm of acrylate waterproof membrane under the conditions of pressure,tension and shearing force.


The invention provides a double-suspension-arm swing arm tower crane and a control method of the double-suspension-arm swing arm tower crane. The double-suspension-arm swing arm tower crane comprises a first suspension arm, a second suspension arm, a crane bracket, a first dip angle detection device and a balance control device, wherein the first suspension arm is used for supporting a first lifting hook; the amplitude action of the first suspension arm is driven by a first amplitude motor; the lifting action of the first lifting hook is driven by a first lifting motor; the second suspension arm is used for supporting a second lifting hook; the amplitude action of the second suspension arm is driven by a second amplitude motor; the lifting action of the second lifting hook is driven by a second lifting motor; the crane bracket is used for hooking heavy objects to be craned and is suspended jointly by the first lifting hook and the second lifting hook; the first dip angle detection device is arranged on the crane bracket and used for detecting the first dip angle which is a dip angle of the crane bracket; the balance control device is connected with the first dip angle detection device, acquires the first dip angle, and transmits control instruction to the first amplitude motor, the second amplitude motor, the first lifting motor and the second lifting motor according to the first dip angle. By adopting the double-suspension-arm swing arm tower crane, the operation frequency and workload of operators are reduced.


Two programming languages DAL and DAPL have been developed to specify orthogonal components of a distributed application, namely the organisation of computers and processes using DAL, and the interface and functionality of each process using DAPL. Such distributed applications of similar and different configurations are managed by the DAS system.


The government or universities are putting effort to provide help for environment conditions of students by expanding various scholarship system, operating the faculty system, and expanding other convenient facilities according to the recent announcement that many university students have difficulti...


Abstract The purpose of this study is to see if students can develop the concept of acceleration without presenting the explicit knowledge but by demonstrative simulations instead. The questions to be answered in this study are: i. Can students discriminate between two types of the motion, namely accelerated and constant velocity motion, by estimating the position of the objects at each unit time? ii. Does being exposed to computer animation have a significant effect on discriminating between accelerated and constant velocity motions? iii. Is there a significant relationship between subjects' science achievement score and their pre and post "Locate the Position" scale results? The accelerated velocity is represented by a free fall of an apple from the tree. The constant velocity is presented by the flight of a bird towards the tree. The students marked the displacements of these two objects at six successive equal time intervals right after a real time demonstration. The simulations were run twice by slowing down the speeds at two stages. The students marked the displacements again after the slow motion demonstrations. Statistical analyses of student responses displayed significant improvements in achievement. Although not all of the students have achieved the expected outcomes many of them may use their experiences gained from simulations to construct more accurate mental models, and to form a bridge between real-world phenomena and scientific formalisms.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a matched sample comparison group study of elements of organizational culture that enable knowledge processes to drive superior firm performance.Design/methodology/approach – A matched sample comparison group approach was used to compare firm performance among matched pairs of public companies. Companies demonstrating high levels of trust (benchmark group) were matched with firms of similar size in the same industries demonstrating lower levels of trust (control group).Findings – The benchmark group generated significantly superior value, operating performance, and had higher average annual growth rates than matching firms in the control group. Firms with higher relative levels of trust embedded in the organizational culture are more likely to outperform similar firms with lower levels of trust.Research limitations/implications – The findings are based on surveys and financial performance of companies with securities traded on stock exchanges...


According to production condition , Factors which effect the regeneration period of transalkylation reaction catalyst are analyzed andSpecific treatment method which prolong the regeneration Period is proposed.


Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Roxana's contractual affiliations 3. Clarissa Harlowe: caught in the contract 4. Tame spirits, brave fellows, and the web of law: Robert Lovelace's legalistic conscience 5. Roderick Random: suited by the law 6. Shadows of the prison house or shade of the family tree: Amelia's public and private worlds 7. The embattled middle: longing for authority in The Vicar of Wakefield 8. Caleb Williams: negating the romance of the public conscience Bibliography Index.


Interpretations of the last book of the New Testament usually dwell upon its visions of things to come. Except for its prayers and hymns, however, little attention has been paid to its liturgical character. This fact is the more surprising since it is just in that respect that the Apocalypse of John differs mostly strikingly from other Jewish and Christian apocalyptic writings. Its visions are presented within a framework of liturgical activities, and toward the end of the book it is hardly possible to dissociate the acts of worship from the visions of the future. This close relationship shows that its liturgical portions are not a purely literary device. Rather in the Seer's mind they form part of the revelatory process itself representing the reaction of initiated creatures to the gradual disclosure of the saving purpose of God and its execution. From the historical viewpoint, this liturgical framework of the Apocalypse of John is interesting, because it contains a number of features which, in a similar manner, occur also in the liturgies of the Ancient Church. Thus it is from the liturgical character of the Apocalypse that the historical development of the Christian liturgy becomes intelligible. Out of the perplexing diversity of its types, the formative principle of its early stages emerges, and a number of motives become visible, some of which have determined its history to the present day. Others, which have no longer a vital role assigned to them, were, nevertheless, preserved on account of the significance originally attached to them. Among these features I mention the ideas of the Eucharistic Parousia, the Church's participation in the angelic worship, the emphasis placed upon the worthiness of the interpreter of Scripture, the connection between the Confession of Sins and the Eucharist, the separation of the believers and unbelievers prior to the heavenly meal, the celebration of the Eucharist as an act of the Church in its cosmic totality, the association of the Eucharist with the Judgment of the World, and the interpretation of the liturgy as a spiritual battle. It will suffice to single out two of these features, which for their lack of centrality in the liturgies are particularly apt to illustrate our point, viz. the participation of the Church in the angelic worship, and the worthiness of the interpreter of Scripture.


Background: Patient safety is a growing concern in the effort to achieve high levels of quality, not only for managers but also for health professionals and citizens. Objective: To translate, adapt, and validate the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire – Intensive Care Unit version (SAQICU) for the Portuguese population. Methodology: A methodological quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The instrument was validated in a sample of 120 nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs). Results: Nurses have a positive perception of patient safety, although they recognize the need to improve specific areas. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the SAQ-ICU showed good psychometric properties and proved to be a valid and reliable tool for the Portuguese population.


Cloud computing has been emerging out as a new and evolving paradigm with tremendous momentum. It is one of the most acceptable information technology based service which drew the attention of the people not only from the academia, industry but also registered its popularity among the general people. Features like scalability, elasticity, less entry cost, easy to access and subscription and pay per use etc. compel the businesses and end users to migrate themselves from the traditional platform to the cloud based platform. With the wide acceptability of cloud computing based services in the society, people have various myths like some think it as a new name of internet, as it shares many features of the internet while others feel it as another name of existing technology like distributed system, grid computing, and parallel computing etc.. This paper will help in making people aware of this technology by highlighting the points of difference with the existing technology and focusing on the various advantages and area of application which presents the evidence of its popularity and continual growth. The work in the paper will end with the discussion on the status of various issues and shortcomings from which it is suffering along with the present and future scope in this popular area.


In its
 World Health Report 2000
 (WHR2000), the World Health Organization published a ranking of its measures of health system performance of its 191 member states. WHO9s performance measurement initiative both stimulated and contributed to debate on an important and neglected topic. This policy forum argues, however, that the WHO algorithm has serious shortcomings in that it neglects potential variables (such as geography) that can affect a country9s performance.


Nonrandom sampling schemes are often used in program evaluation settings to improve the quality of inference. This paper considers what we call treatment-based sampling, a type of standard stratified sampling where part of the strata are based on treatment status. This paper establishes semiparametric efficiency bounds for estimators of weighted average treatment effects and average treatment effects on the treated. This paper finds that adapting the efficient estimators of Hirano, Imbens, and Ridder (2003) to treatment-based sampling does not always lead to an efficient estimator. This paper proposes efficient estimators that involve a different form of propensity score-weighting. Finally, this paper establishes an optimal design of treatment-based sampling that minimizes the semiparametric efficiency bound over the sampling designs.


--This study was descriptive design because the writer only wanted to describe about the discipline that was used by the lecturer in the classroom. The numbers of lecturers who were as the sample of this study were two English lecturers who were teaching Grammar II subject at STKIP PGRI WEST SUMATERA. Padang, so the writer took them all as the sample through total sampling technique. To find the data in this study, the writer used some instruments which are observation checklist, video and field note. The process in taking the data which was started from coming into the classroom observed the lecturer. The writer recorded the lecturer in two meetings for each lecturer. Then writer checked the data by using observation checklist and field note. Thus, the result of this study was all of lecturers used positive discipline in managing the classroom. Those, the lecturers used thirteen types activities of positive discipline which can be classified as following: the first type was showing a positive attitude. The lecturers show a positive attitude which was applied by two English lecturers. There were lecturer A, and B. Second, the lecturers show interest. The lecturer show interest was applied by all of the lecturers. Third, the lecturer focused on positive thinking. Fourth, the lecturer used supportive tone of voice. Fifth, they showed a sense of humour. Sixth, they listened to the students talk and taking them seriously. Seventh, acting tough the students enjoy with their jobs, it was used by all the lecturers. Eighth, used appropriate body language; it was applied by all of the lecturers. Ninth, they lowered body position. Tenth, the lecturers listened their students before judging. Eleventh, the lecturers were consistent in giving punishment and rules. Twelfth, the lecturer A separated the behaviour from the students. Thirteenth, respect diversity was applied by all the lecturers.


In order to evaluate and estimate the costs of products produced in a complex manufacturing environment properly,an improved activity-based costing(ABC) model is presented.By utilizing the input-output analysis method,the complex consumption relationships in a complex manufacturing environment are first expressed.The consumption characteristics(mainly presented by the activity rates) of all production activities are extracted by solving these relationships.Then with the consumption characteristics and operating parameters of these activities,the detailed cost consumption of a product in its manufacturing process is estimated.A case study is finally given based on the compressor products of a manufacturing company,and its effectiveness is shown.As the cost influence of complex consumption relationships is fully considered,the limitation of traditional ABC method is overcome,and therefore a high accuracy in product cost estimation under the complex manufacturing environment can be achieved.