Recent results have shown that finite state automata can be simulated by recurrent neural networks composed of synfire rings. The simulation process was shown to work correctly in the cases of Boolean neural networks and of Izhikevich spiking neural networks. In this paper, we generalize these results to the very biological context of the Hodgkin-Huxley neural model. We prove that any finite state automaton can be simulated by a Hodgkin-Huxley based recurrent neural network composed of synfire rings. In this framework, the inhibitory system ensuring the transition between the successive rings can be significantly simplified. These results show that a neuro-inspired paradigm of abstract computation based on sustained activities of neural assemblies is indeed possible, and potentially harnessable. They also constitute a first step towards the implementation of biological neural computers.


Slave narratives are biographical and autobiographical tales of bondage and freedom either written or told by former slaves. The majority of them were "told to" accounts written with the aid of abolitionist editors between 1830 and 1865. However, a number of narratives (including the work of Frederick Douglass) were written solely by the author and are, therefore, referred to as authentic autobiographies. The first of more than six thousand extant slave narratives were published in 1703, and the autobiographical account of George Washington Carver published in 1944 is considered the last of the genre.1 Primarily written as propaganda, the narratives served as important weapons in the warfare against slavery. Taken as a whole, slave narratives can be considered as a literary genre for a number of reasons. They are united by the common purpose of pointing up the evils of slavery and combatting the antebellum notion of black inferiority. In the narratives, one finds a striking similarity of language, simple and often dramatic accounts of personal experience, strong revelation of the character of both ordinary" and extraordinary men and women, and ironic humor and other submerged elements of protest literature. Vernon Loggins has observed that excepting his folk songs, the black man's "most valuable contributions to American literature have been in the form of personal memoirs."2 Despite his deeply degrading status, the slave retained the very human desire


Multiple regression models Multivariate analyses are widely used in medical research especially to describe the association between two variables whilst controlling for other variables. However, the clinician is often not comfortable enough with these mathematical models and their interpretation to make her/his own judgment of the results. This paper aims to describe in a simple fashion the multiple regression models and illustrate their interpretation using two medical examples of the linear regression and the logistic lysis regression models.


On the dawn of April 21 1967 the citizens of Athens woke up by a strange noise. When they opened their windows, they saw tanks moving in the streets and when they turned on their radio receivers, they heard military marches and announcements that certain articles of the Constitution, especially these having to do with the civil rights and of the function of the Parliament, were suspended.That was the beginning of the military dictatorship which lasted seven years and three months. But what was the face and the identity of that regime? Seventeen years ago some army officers, especially captains and colonels, decided to form a secret group, the aim of which was the overthrow of the legal government and the establishment of a military one.


A method of manufacturing a thermoplastic, in particular a mechanical part made of said material, characterized in that it comprises at least one injection molding step or a step carried out by extrusion of a composition of polyamide to thermoplastic material or combination of thermoplastic material, said material comprising a thermoplastic matrix based on at least one thermoplastic polymer.


O. Klimo1,2, S. Weber2, V. T. Tikhonchuk2, J. Limpouch1 1Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Brehova 7, 11519, Prague, Czech Republic 2Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Univ. Bordeaux 1-CEA-CNRS, 33405 Talence, France Shock Ignition (SI) [1] is considered as a relatively robust way to achieve efficient fuel burn in the inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The phases of the fuel assembly and ignition are separated as in Fast Ignition, but the additional energy to ignite the target is supplied to the central hot spot by a strong converging shock. This shock is launched at the end of the compression phase by an additional ignition laser pulse with the power of the order of hundreds of TW. The ignition laser pulse intensity is thus so high that nonlinear phenomena in the laser plasma interaction, which may undermine the SI efficiency, cannot be avoided. The stimulated scattering instabilities, the Raman and the Brillouin scattering (denoted SRS and SBS respectively), are of particular importance in this context as they are responsible for the absorption and reflection of the laser light and for the acceleration of electrons. These processes are studied in this paper using numerical simulations.


Abstract The article argues that Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics presents human 'neediness' as the constitutive element of his theological anthropology. Since this element has had little notice in Barth scholarship, the article focuses on describing the consistent reiteration of this theme in theologically substantive locations throughout the Dogmatics. It begins with Barth's observation that the emergence of humanity on the sixth day discloses humans to be 'the neediest of all creation'. Barth elaborates the dimensions of human neediness in his discussion of 'the readiness of humanity for God', propounding the human need for God as the precondition of knowledge of God that is in actuality undercut by the sin that denies any such neediness. Barth thus describes a potential 'blessed neediness' and an actual 'wretched neediness' that together define the glory and the tragedy of all that is human, and which inform not only Barth's epistemology and hamartiology, but also his accounts of christology, forgiveness, redemption, worship and Christian witness.


The nonlocal mechanism (NM) has shown its effectiveness in many real-world applications. However, it is usually criticized for its costly computation complexity in time and space, which are both <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathscr {O}(H^{2}W^{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H\times W$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the spatial dimension of input feature maps in height and width. In this letter, we first show that the NM can be expressed as a low-rank representation by theory. Then we propose a down-to-earth low-complexity global context acquisition mechanism, termed as the low-rank nonlocal representation (LNR), whose complexity in time and space are both approximatively <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathscr {O}(HW)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. LNR is a general module that can be deployed on an arbitrary convolutional neural network (CNN) hierarchy for any visual recognition tasks. To demonstrate its superiority, experiments are carried out on four standard remote sensing scene classification benchmarks. Experimental results show that our proposed LNR can significantly reduce the computation cost by boosting the performance gain. Implementing LNR on the classical ResNet, in particular, can reduce at most 3.93 M model parameters.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this work was to compare the anticaries potential of several currently marketed fluoride-containing mouthrinse products using two in vitro approaches: 1) fluoride uptake studies of demineralized human enamel samples after exposure to rinse products; and 2) microhardness studies of sound enamel samples after exposure to the rinse products and demineralizing agents.

METHODS
Four currently marketed rinse products, formulated at 100 ppm F, were evaluated in fluoride uptake studies relative to a negative (water) rinse control (Study 1). The same rinse products were evaluated in microhardness studies (Study 2) against a positive control, ACT Anticavity rinse, which is formulated with 225 ppm F and carries the ADA Seal of Acceptance as an effective anticavity mouthrinse. Test products included ACT Total Care rinse (pH = 6.34), Listerine Total Care rinse (pH = 3.57), Crest Pro-Health for Me rinse (pH = 3.33), and Crest Pro-Health Complete rinse (pH = 3.43).

RESULTS
Study 1-Samples treated with any of the fluoride-containing rinses showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of fluoride uptake than the negative (water) control. Two of the products (Crest Pro-Health for Me and Crest Pro-Health Complete) showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of fluoride uptake into demineralized enamel than the other marketed rinses (Listerine Total Care and ACT Total Care). Study 2-Samples treated with the same two rinse products (Crest Pro-Health For Me and Crest Pro-Health Complete) showed significantly lower mineral loss than the other rinse products, as well as the positive control.

CONCLUSION
Results of these in vitro studies indicate that the Crest mouthrinse products evaluated here are capable of providing significantly better fluoridation of demineralized enamel, as well as significantly better protection against the initiation and progression of demineralization, compared to the other marketed fluoride-containing mouthrinse products tested.


The Southern Verona Lowlands /High-Polesine territories, in the second part of the Sub-Boreal period were subject together with a large part of the Po Plain to continental climatic conditions, interrupted by damp oscillations (Lobben oscillation), finally marked by sub-arid terminal peaks. At the same time, the anthropic impact derived from a widespread dissemination of settlements in the lower Po Valley became increasingly consistent. The interaction of these factors is debited from the first significant changes in the fluvial regime of the Po River, a principal padanian artery already present in the area from the first half of the III millennium B.C., travelled by a northern branch that I have called Po di Adria 1.
The evidences of these first hydrographic changes are the formation of new flood-channels, of crevasse-splays and the diversions of various stretches of river courses, now less stable than in the preceding phases (post-Canar I and Pre-Canova phase: EBA-MBA: XVII-XVI century B.C.). These first changes were followed by a phase of relative stability, which coincides with a stage (MBA-RBA) of maximum settlement expansion of the Terramare sites in the central-eastern Po Plain, during which we assist, especially in the range between the South Verona plain and the Upper-Middle Polesine deltaic region, a flowering of a network of sites connected to the main chiefdom site of Fondo Paviani.
To the end of this phase, the first evidences of a deterioration of the densely settled Po Plain territories, accentuated by the overexploitation of the soils and by the subsequent collapse of the Terramare settlement system, are seized. Between the end of the Terramare cycle and the beginning of the successive settlement cycle of the Frattesina site (between RBA2 and FBA1) some further paleohydrographic and paleoenvironmental transformations are documented, the effects of which from the hinterland Low Verona/High Polesine plains extended to affect the most eastern belts of the deltaic-coastal system. It now captures (between RBA2 and FBA1) the transition from an environment with very sinuous canals, anastomized, surrounded by basins dominated by peats-marsh sedimentation, to sub-rectilinear canals with wide sandy meanders, to which is associated the construction of first and most evident stripes of natural banks: these new morpho-fluvial patterns mark the transition from the Po of Adria 1 to the Po of Adria 1/2. These evident paleohydrographic transformations are caused in large part by the confluence of a new Po branch – The Po di Poggio Rusco-Dragoncello-Sermide, a result of a great diversion of the Po river flow from the hydraulic node of Brescello-Guastalla, in the Po of Adria 1. This new asset give a more efficient configuration to the Po course , named Po of Adria 1/2. At the same time, an increase is observed in the progradations of the coastal bodies (dunes and beach ridges) favoured by the confluence of the discharge contributions of Adige River in the Po di Adria River.
These new dynamics, due to the cutting and obliteration of a series of very sinuous meanders inherited from the previous period (Ceneselli and Campestrin meanders), influenced the disorganization and participated in a rapid obliteration of pre-existing anthropic canals network having delivery in the F. Tartaro, at the same time placing serious difficulties to the previous connections between the central site of Fondo Paviani and the Po delta, now connected through the Po di Adria branch alone.
After a phase of strong reduction and generalized abandonment of the Terramare sites (advanced RBA2), followed, starting from the FBA1, a phase of rapid recovery and resettlement in the regime of the "new" Po branch, the Po of Adria 1/2, favoured by the establishment of new average climatic conditions, more dry than the previous ones. This more stable situation determined the optimal conditions for the Frattesina site foundation, located at the apex of the delta system originated from the contributions of the main Po branch of the time, now disjointed from the connection with the Adige river, in following the clogging for overflood of the Saline-Cona branch. These new conditions, for the recovery of a stable river structure "in almost-balanced equilibrium" for the Po of Adria, determined by the confluence of the Po di Poggio Rusco-Dragoncello-Sermide in the ancient Po of Adria 1, favoured the rapid rise of the transformation and exchange pole of Frattesina, a role that lasted almost continuously for the three centuries of FBA.
At the beginning of the Iron Age (EIA1: IX-VIII century B.C.) there were even more traumatic and extensive paleoenvironmental changes of the previous ones, determined by the establishment of a climatic phase of oceanic-cold type, with dryness peaks (Goschenen I fluctuation). This climate change reflected in the increase in the aggradation level of river courses, which now show accentuated phenomena of superelevation of the riverbeds, followed by repeated successions of floodings and river breaches. To these disastrous paleohydrographical processes, there are associated evident alterations in the coastal lines morphology, caused by deep erosions associated with disturbances of marine-weather origin. All these processes will quickly lead to the overflood of the entire river tract of Po di Adria 2, which is shortly to undergo a complete avulsion of its flow near Castelmassa, culminated in the Sermide breach-flood, the formative episode of new branch of the Po di Ferrara (Po di Spina).


Learning in the Recurrent Random Neural Network (E. Gelenbe). Generalization Performance of Feed-Forward Neural Networks (S. Shekhar et al.). The Nature of Intracortical Inhibitory Effects (J.A. Reggia et al.). Random Neural Networks with Multiple Classes of Signals (J.-M. Fourneau, E. Gelenbe). The MicroCircuit Associative Memory, muAM: A Biologically Motivated Memory Architecture (C.F. Miles, D. Rogers). Generalised Associative Memory and the Computation of Membership Functions (E. Gelenbe). Layered Neural Network for Stereo Disparity Detection (E. Maeda et al.). Storage and Recognition Methods for the Random Neural Network (M. Mokhtari). Neural Networks for Image Compression (S. Carrato). Autoassociative Memory with the Random Neural Network using Gelenbe's Learning Algorithm (C. Hubert). Minimum Graph Covering with the Random Neural Network Model (E. Gelenbe, F. Batty).


Prior to March 25, 1953 a cold trough aloft moved eastward across the United States and during the next few days was partially responsible for the development of a series of storms along the East Coast. These storms, the result of cyclogenesis associated with the cold Low aloft which broke off from the southern end of the cold trough, deepened to various degrees a t sea level and four of them  brought  heavy  rains  to New England. Even before these rainstorms,  many  stations  in New England had already received more than normal total rainfall for March.  The  additional rainfall set several new precipitation records in the  area nd  brought damaging floods along several rivers. The excessive rainfall and consequently the severe floods occurred principally in southern and western Maine. In the following paragraphs, the rainfall and flooding during the period March 25-30 will be summarized and the synoptic conditions which produced them will be analyzed. RAINFALL


Some methods of capillary gas chromatography,such as GC,GC-mS,GC-FT-IR,are used to analyze the products of thymine irradiated by ^18O^8+ ion beam in N2O saturated aqueous solution.From the results of GC-MS the molecular weight of products can be determined,and from the results of GC-FT-IR some molecular structure information of products can be obtained.By this way the products,5,6-Dihydrothymine,5-Hydroxyl-5-Methylhydantoin,5-Hydroxyl-6-Hydrothymine,5-Hydro-6-Hydroxylthymine,5-Hydroxymethyluracil,Trans-Thymine glycol,Cis-Thymine glycol and dimers are dtermined without separation of them from sam,ples.Though these products are as same as those products of thymine irraduiated by γ rays in N2O saturated aqueous solution,the mechanism of thymine irradiated by heavy ion beam in aqueous solution is differrent from that by γ rays.The main products of thymine irradiated by ^18O^8+ ion beam in N2O saturated aqueous solution are hydroxyl adducts at 5-6 band of thymine,while the main products of thymine irradiated by γ ray in N2O staurated aqueous solution are dimers of thymine.


 Gender and climate change issues are generally treated as cross-cutting issues, not given priority or a clear allocated budget in many of the reviewed policies. Gender mainstreaming in most of the reviewed policies is an addendum rather than an integral aspect of the respective policies. While the mainstreaming of gender in all climate change activities and programs can certainly prove beneficial, this should be done with both a comprehensive implementation plan across sectors and a clear budget allocation.


A serum‐free culture system for primary hepatocytes which maintains stabel high‐level hepatocyte function for prolonged periods in culture has been developed. Isolated rat primary hepatocytes were cultured in serum‐free media between two layer of gelled collagen in a sandwich configuration which reinstates the cellular polarity necessary for long‐term function in vitro. Thsee serum‐free hepatocyte cultures maintained near physiological rates of albumin and transferrin secretion for a minimum of 26 days in culture. L‐Proline was shown to be critical for both the approach to steady state and maximal level of protein secretion. Analysis of does–response data gave Km values of 2.9 and 1.7 μg/mL for albumin and transferrin secretion, respectively.


Sustainable development stands for meeting the needs of present generations without jeopardizing the ability of futures generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development requires improvement in social, economic and environment dimensions of development and shift in approaches using natural source, investment management, technology and institutions and organizations to meet the needs of present and future generations simultaneously.On the other side, spatial planning is a kind of planning dealing with land or territory and to be applied in different levels of national, regional and local. It is worth to know that there is a reciprocal relationship between sustainable development and spatial planning. Spatial planning brings integration in different levels so it is a suitable tool to achieve sustainable development. Spatial planning integrates sectorial policies from different organization and administrations. This articles tries to answer this question that how spatial planning could be effective to achieve sustainable development.In this regard, this article tries to discuss this issue with considering the visions of Europe Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) and Europe Sustainable Development Strategy goals.


As an alternative to decrease the internal deficit of wheat production in Brazil is the expansion of the cultivation area to the Cerrado, in which the occurrence of drought periods is common, causing damage when it occurs during the crop establishment and during the reproductive stage, thus develop genotypes tolerant to dry environments is essential. Development of drought-tolerant genotypes depends on the presence of genetic variability, thus the identify the variability within the accessions cultivated in Brazil allows the selection of genotypes with tolerance levels for use in crossing blocks. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify wheat genotypes displaying drought tolerance in the early stages of development through morphological characterization. In this sense, here we investigate 104 wheat genotypes cultivated in Brazil in response to drought at early stage of development. The seeds were deposited on germination paper with water and with PEG6000 at -0.5 MPa solution, simulating the control and drought stress conditions, respectively, and were kept in a germination chamber for eight days. The number of roots, root and shoot length, and root and shoot dry mass were measured, and a relative performance was calculated. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, Scoot Knott test and a Pearson correlation. The genetic distance was calculated based on the Euclidean distance and for the grouping the UPGMA method was applied. The principal component analysis was also performed. Based on the shoot and root phenotyping, it was possible to verify that the evaluated wheat panel displayed genetic variability associated with drought and present potential genotypes to drought tolerance on early stages of development, as FPS Nitron, which is a target genotype as a genitor to be used in crossing blocks aiming drought tolerance.


Earthquake-induced structural pounding may cause major damages to structures, and therefore it should be prevented. This study is focused on using an artificial neural network (ANN) method to determine the sufficient seismic gap in order to avoid collisions between two adjacent buildings during seismic excitations. Six lumped mass models of structures with a different number of stories (from one to six) have been considered in the study. The earthquake characteristics and the parameters of buildings have been defined as inputs in the ANN analysis. The required seismic gap preventing pounding has been firstly determined for specified structural arrangements and earthquake records. In order to validate the method for other structural parameters, the study has been further extended for buildings with different values of height, mass, and stiffness of each story. Finally, the parametric analysis has been conducted for various earthquakes scaled to different values of the peak ground acceleration (PGA). The results of the verification and validation analyses indicate that the determined seismic gaps are large enough to prevent structural collisions, and they are just appropriate for all different structural arrangements, seismic excitations, and structural parameters. The results of the parametric analysis show that the increase in the PGA of earthquake records leads to a substantial, nearly uniform, increase in the required seismic gap between structures. The above conclusions clearly indicate that the ANN method can be successfully used to determine the minimal distance between two adjacent buildings preventing their collisions during different seismic excitations.


A control system of a downshift by an automatic transmission having an improved shift feeling by controlling pressure fed to a kickdown servo brake comprises a throttle valve sensor, an input shaft rpm sensor, an output shaft rpm sensor, a transmission control unit for outputting a control signal for a second-to-first speed shift after reducing hydraulic pressure fed to a predetermined state using every duty pattern when the vehicle is in the state of a second-to-first downshift, or a control signal for a second-to-first speed shift after the third-to-second speed shift is completed when the vehicle is in the state of a third-to-first speed shift, and first and second transmission control solenoid valves, and a hydraulic pressure control solenoid valve for changing the state of hydraulic pressure fed to every friction member.


In Part III (Radioactivity & Radiochemistry, Volume 2, Number 3), we wondered when we would see the guidance promised by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) clarifying the testing of mixed wastes. One month after going to press, the EPA and NRC issued a joint proposal that updates their thoughts regarding these very issues.


The effect of Al particle size on the burning of combustion welding rod was investigated by the analysis on the burning speed,the controllability and the welding seam.The results show that the reducing with the particle size of Al,the burning speed improves rapidly and the welding controllability gets worse.On the contrary,as Al powder particle size increases,the blowhole obviously increases in the welding seam alloys,mechanical property is reduced. When Al powder particle size is -260/+300,the speed is moderate,the blowhole is rare,and the welding seam is best.


Accumulation of water treatment sludge is a major environment problem in the water purification process. Recovery of waste constituents or reuse of sludge is a cost-effective method in handling this environmental dilemma. The present study investigates the suitability of sludge in the production of bricks and recovery of aluminum from the sludge accumulated at the Biyagama drinking water treatment plant (BDWTP) in Sri Lanka. The chemical parameters of total organic carbon, pH, total nitrogen content, total phosphorous content, heavy metals, and cation exchange capacity in samples were analyzed in different turbidity periods. The aluminum recovery was investigated both by acidic and by alkaline leaching processes. A mixing ratio of 3:1 (clay:water treatment sludge) was found to be suitable for manufacturing bricks having compressive strength, efflorescence, and water absorption parameters according to SLS 39:1979. The metal composition of manufactured bricks was compared with clay and water treatment sludge. The environmental impact of current landfilling was estimated by analyzing the leachate of this sludge for COD, NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, free NH3, SO42-, and metals. The heavy metal leachability of manufactured bricks was also analyzed to establish its suitability as an eco-friendly product.


Miloš Milić 1 Predrag Petronijević 2 Todor Vacev 3 Ivan Nešović 4 Andrija Zorić 5 UDK: 69.059.25:692.522.012.45 DOI: 10.14415/konferencijaGFS2021.18 Summary: The paper encompasses rehabilitation of a wooden floor in a residential building constructed about 1930. The strength of the wooden floor was satisfying, but there was a problem of high oscillation amplitudes which caused discomfort for the tenants. The rehabilitation was done by making a composite joint of the existing wooden girders with a cast reinforced concrete slab. The slab is cast over trapezoidal sheet metal, and nails were used as studs. Static and dynamic analysis for all load stages was performed and presented, along with the construction process.


Roads construction projects require large quantities of suitable soils as a filling material. However, in urban areas, when roads are constructed, suitable filling soils have to be hired with enormous costs. Thus main objective of this research was to stabilize weak subgrade soils mixing with fly ash and rice husk ash. Weak sub-grade soil was obtained from Mahokanda construction site in Matara, Sri Lanka. Fly ash and rice husk ash were obtained from Lakvijaya power plant in Puttalam and rice mills in study area, respectively. Forty-eight weak subgrade soil samples were mixed with stabilizers (fly ash and rice husk ash) in different ratio and then 16 specimens were cured for 7 days while other 32 (2X16) samples were cured for 14 and 28 days, respectively. In order to find out maximum strength of each soil sample, different soil tests viz Atterberg Limits, Proctor Compaction, Swell Index (SI) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) were carried out. Results revealed that maximum CBR value (36.01%) was obtained, when 70% of soil blends with 20% of fly ash and 10% of rice husk ash at 28 days curing period. Reason for the increment of CBR may be due to formation of cementitious compound in the mixture is due to chemical reactions of SiO2 in stabilizers and CaOH present in soils. Based on results, policy implications are discussed in relation to need of stabilizers in road construction projects in order to improve stabilizing weak subgrades while decreasing project cost and utilizing waste materials.


Spin-orbit interaction is a weak coupling between intrinsic (spin) and extrinsic (orbital motion) degrees of freedom of spinning particles. It implies mutual conversion between a particle's spin and orbital angular momenta. Classical polarized light also carries spin and reveals spin-orbit coupling when propagating along a curved trajectory.1 This manifests itself in two mutual phenomena. First, the curved trajectory affects the evolution of the light's polarization state, which is described by the Berry phase and parallel-transport law: see Figure 1(a). Second, the light trajectory also experiences a reaction from the spin, i.e., a polarization-dependent perturbation of the trajectory occurs. This can also be described in terms of the Berry phase and represents a topological spin transport of photons also known as the spin-Hall effect of light or the optical Magnus effect: see Figure 1(b). We recently reported the first direct observation of this effect.2 Remarkably, the spin-orbit coupling phenomena have a dual, geometro-dynamical nature. On the one hand, the parallel transport of the polarization and the spin-Hall effect can be attributed to the inertia of the wave field and the Coriolis effect. On the other, the spin-orbit interaction of light has an inherent geometrical origin that is described by the Berry-phase topological monopole in momentum space. Two decades ago, the Berry phase brought a geometrical beauty to the description of quantum-adiabatic evolution.3, 4 Physicists started to realize that seemingly 'passive' geometrical concepts, such as Berry curvature, also manifest themselves dynamically, producing a real action on physical objects. As a result, geometry-induced forces appear that affect the dynamics of quantum particles with some internal properties.5 In particular, they describe the Magnus effect of quantum vortices6 and spinHall effect of spinning particles.7, 8 This offers a novel type of quantum transport that is robust against the details of the system and is determined solely by the geometry and intrinsic properties of the particles. Figure 1. Spin-orbit interaction of light. (a) Evolution of the polarization vector (e → e′ → e′′) along a helical trajectory according to the Berry phase and parallel-transport law. Θ: Polarization rotation angle for each helix. (b) Topological spin transport of photons: Reaction of spin to the trajectory causes splitting of rightand left-hand circularly polarized beams. ∆: Splitting for each helix. (Reproduced with permission from Nature Photonics.2)


This article selects the newly founded local undergraduate colleges in Zhejiang as the research object,and uses the principal component analysis to comparatively analyze their S T innovation ability from the scientific and technological personnel,science and technology funds,projects,science and technology achievements and technology transfer,and so on.The article comes to a conclusion that the newly founded undergraduate colleges and universities are limited in the general science and technology innovation ability,and the university development is not balanced.Therefore,the newly founded undergraduate colleges and universities must adopt corresponding countermeasures to improve their science and technology innovation ability.


We experimentally demonstrate an active cavity exhibiting 100% spectrally flat reflection with no vestiges of structural resonances while still transmitting light across the gain bandwidth. This non-Hermitian structure is realized in an indium-phosphide platform.


SUMMARY In this article Pauline Croft examines the change in English feelings about the survival of their parliaments on the accession of the Stuarts. In the last parliament of Elizabeth, confidence was expressed in the vitality and usefulness of the institution. From the first parliament of James VI and I in 1604 there was a collapse of confidence. The future of Parliaments was seen as being at risk in the changed political atmosphere in England and against the background of the observed decline of representative assemblies on the Continent. The article traces the development of references to the statutes of Edward III which prescribed annual sessions of parliament. These are referred to in the House of Commons in 1610, and this was the beginning of a continuing campaign for a statutory assurance of regular parliamentary sessions. This reached its climax in the Short Parliament of 1640, where there was a petitioning campaign calling for guarantees, probably encouraged by developments in the Scots' parlia...


Flamenco does not belong only to Gitanos (Spanish Roma or Gypsies) and has transcended culture-specific beginnings to be considered universal. Yet it is the Spanish cultural manifestation most associated with Gitanos, by themselves and by the majority society, that is an important element of their ethnic identity. Based on many years of participant observation of flamenco in the context of the "fiesta flamenca" (literally "flamenco party") we explore some of the ways in which the expression of flamenco singing (cante), rhythm (compás) (and dance as an occasional reflection of this music) is not only the means of entertainment, but also the language of communication. As a significant element of their identity, it is the cement, which holds together the participants, at the same time that the subtle but significant differences in the cante and compás reflect subtle but important differences of identity among different groups of Gitanos.


An analytical solution is presented for three-dimensional thermomechanical deformations of a simply supported functionally graded (FG) rectangular plate subjected to time-dependent thermal loads on its top and/or bottom surfaces. Material properties are taken to be analytical functions of the thickness coordinate. The uncoupled quasistatic linear thermoelasticity theory is adopted in which the change in temperature, if any, due to deformations is neglected. A temperature function that identically satisfies thermal boundary conditions at the edges and the Laplace transformation technique is used to reduce equations governing the transient heat conduction to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) in the thickness coordinate which is solved by the power series method. Next, the elasticity problem for the simply supported plate for each instantaneous temperature distribution is analyzed by using displacement functions that identically satisfy boundary conditions at the edges. The resulting coupled ODEs with variable coefficients are also solved by the power series method. Results are given for two-constituent metal-ceramic FG rectangular plates with a power-law through-the-thickness variation of the volume fraction of the constituents. The effective material properties at a point are determined by the Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme.


A novel Fabry-Perot sensor, comprised a glass sphere bonded to a capillary and single-mode fiber, is proposed for refractive index sensing. It is characterized in air, water, ethanol, isopropanol, and glycerol.


A new mouthguard material, polyolefin, was recently developed. To date, no studies have compared ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyolefin mouthguards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of polyolefin, relative to those of EVA. Two polyolefin materials, hard and regular, were used, in addition to EVA. Hardness, tensile strength, tear strength, elongation, and water absorption were analyzed, as well as the adhesive strength of the materials in laminated mouthguards. Hard polyolefin (MG-H) and EVA were significantly harder than regular polyolefin (MG-R) (p<0.01). Regular polyolefin had significantly lower tensile and tear strengths than MG-H and EVA (p<0.01), while MG-H had significantly higher tensile and tear strengths than EVA (p<0.01). Both polyolefin materials had significantly lower water absorption and higher adhesive strength than EVA (p<0.01). In this study, polyolefin exhibited satisfactory physical properties when compared with EVA. This suggests that polyolefin is suitable for use as a mouthguard material.


With more and more attention on dual bridge series resonant isolated dc–dc converters in power electronic transformer, various phase-shift optimization methods have been widely studied. In this article, a model predictive power control with a triple phase shift scheme is proposed to improve both the steady-state and dynamic performance of the adopted converter. In addition, the proposed method can realize the dynamic response improvement without the output current sensor, compared with the existing methods. With the current stress optimization model, the minimum current trajectory control can be achieved. The proposed model predictive power control can greatly improve dynamic performance compared with the traditional PI control and is not sensitive to the circuit parameters. The design procedure of the LC resonant tank is given to ensure minimum current stress operation. Finally, comparative experimental tests in a 400 W hardware prototype are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in both steady-state and dynamic performance optimization.


With the help of numerous authentic examples,the author discusses at large the divisional phenomena occurring in the economic contract clauses in English,focusing on the most common divi-sional elements such as the separations between subjects and predicates,between predicates,between predicates and objects,between indirect objects and direct objects,etc.Understanding these divisional phenomena will help us not only understand the economic contracts but also translate them accurately.


IoT (Internet of Things) is dominating all over the world for developing technology. It is another information industry following the computer, internet, and mobile connection. In modern society, we must ensure security for leading a comfortable life. Nowadays, security has been affected by different types of matters. Gas leakage and fire incidents are considered among them. At present, there are many undesirable accidents from gas leakage and fire incidents. One way to prevent accidents involving gas leakage and fire incident detection is to affix a gas leakage and fire incident detection device at adequate places. Indeed, when the gas leakage or fire incident occurs, then the temperature can be increased naturally. Our proposed work, a simple system using low-cost devices, has been designed to send a phone call to the user via the GSM module in case of any gas or smoke leakage. It also sends data to the alarm, alerting the users and sending a graphical alert to the server via NodeMCU. Besides, a temperature sensor also detects the temperature of that hazardous situation at the same time and sends data to the web server. We are using different algorithms to know the sensor's early predictions' overall accuracy in real-life-critical situations through the machine learning approach. This proposed work will contribute if gas leaks or fires occur at home or in the industry, then people can take the necessary precaution in advance.


Ever since high-frequency ventilation was first reported by Sjostrand and colleagues (1) in 1970, the number of investigations as well as the clinical use of high-frequency ventilation has grown exponentially. It has become reasonably well accepted that high-frequency ventilation, and more specifically highfrequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), plays an important role in the treatment of neonates, infants, and children with severe respiratory failure. Clark et al. (2) prospectively studied HFOV with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Their results suggested that the "use of HFOV as the predominant mode of ventilation in the management of respiratory distress syndrome is as safe as conventional ventilation and can contribute to a decreased incidence of chronic lung disease." In the case of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, Arnold et al. (3) concluded that, compared with CMV, HFOV resulted in an acute improvement in oxygenation as well as a lower incidence of chronic lung disease, as determined by a decreased need for supplemental oxygen at 30 days. Other studies (4-6) have also reported improved oxygenation status with HFOV compared with CMV. However, an important question has not been conclusively answered: does HFOV adversely affect hemodynamics compared with CMV?


The textbook discusses the key concepts of the discipline "HR Management Strategy". The first section reveals the theoretical aspects of strategic personnel management. The second section examines the specifics of the HR management strategy depending on the basic and competitive strategy of the organization, the stage of the organization's life cycle, personnel policy and other factors. The third section presents the main components of the HR management strategy: recruitment, selection and adaptation of personnel, motivation and stimulation of personnel, development of the organization's personnel.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of training 38.04.02 "Management" (master's degree level), as well as in the areas of training 38.03.02 "Management" and 38.03.03 "Personnel Management" (bachelor's degree level).


Small, cheap, and powerful microprocessors have enabled industrial firms to manufacture a wide array of relatively inexpensive and portable com putational devices. Programmable calculators, word-processors, home computers, automated teller-machines, supermarket scanners, and games such as Asteroids are but a few of the commercial and consumer applications of micros. Since microprocessors , can be the core of personally owned computational devices, they enable a wider array of people to have intimate access to computational devices. Some prophets suggest that microprocessors are sufficiently small, cheap, and flexible that they can be used in a wide variety of applications and become a catalyst for social change as powerful as the automobile, steam engine, railroad, and electricity . Without being euphoric, it is easy to see that microprocessors allow designers and consumers greater latitude in the kinds of computer applications and devices which are feasable and economical. Some of these are socially important , others interesting, and still others merely novel. The set of computing applications which are based on micros, as well as its slice of the computer industry, will be examined in this course. The computational power and economics of micros will be examined in light of cost/performance trends in computing over the last 20 years. Some micro-applications and their social impacts will be examined. And the class will examine the meanings of the "micro-revolution ." This course will satisfy the ICS requirement for ICS 193. It will not entail any programming of microcomputers , and it will require more reading than the typical ICS course .


On the basis of the corrosion problem of 13Cr stainless steel tubing and casing materials in various oilfield environments, research status on corrosion resistance of the steel in different corrosive environment were introduced in the paper. The corrosion behavior of the steel in high temperature and high pressure environment and acidification environment were analyzed. Several common local corrosion types of the steel were briefly analyzed, and the development trend of research on corrosion resistance of the steel, which was provided an important reference for the selecting material of tubing and casing used in oilfield.


In previous work, we defined "link spectral invariants" for any compact surface and used these to study the algebraic structure of the group of area-preserving homeomorphisms; in particular, we showed that the kernel of Fathi's mass-flow homomorphism is never simple. A key idea for this was a kind of Weyl law, showing that asymptotically the link spectral invariants recover the classical Calabi invariant. In the present work, we use the subleading asymptotics in this Weyl law to learn more about the algebraic structure of these homeomorphism groups in the genus zero case. In particular, when the surface has boundary, we show that the kernel of the Calabi homomorphism on the group of hameomorphisms is not simple, answering an old question of Oh and M¨uller; this contrasts the smooth case, where the kernel of Calabi is simple. We similarly show that the group of hameomorphisms of the two-sphere is not simple. Related considerations allow us to extend the Calabi homomorphism to the full group of compactly supported area-preserving homeomorphisms, answering a longstanding question of Fathi. In fact, we produce infinitely many distinct extensions. Central to the applications is that we show that the subleading asymptotics for smooth, possibly time-dependent, Hamiltonians are always O p 1 q , and for certain autonomous maps recover the Ruelle invariant. The construction of a hameomorphism with "infinite Ruelle invariant" then shows that a normal subgroup with O p 1 q subleading asymptotics is proper.


Useful information of underground anomalies bodies can be deduced using transient electromagnetic method.However,due to the need of outside field data acquisition,the received transient electromagnetic signals are usually superimposed electromagnetic interference and noise which seriously affect underground anomaly data mapping and geological conditions explanation using the transient electromagnetic signals.The traditional noise reduction methods for the received transient electromagnetic secondary field attenuation signal can not get good results.To this issue,a new algorithm was proposed based on improved ICA of noise reduction for the received transient electromagnetic signals.This method builds multi-dimensional observation vectors from the transient electromagnetic signals received,researches on basis vectors of signal spaces using independent component analysis,and then uses kurtosis criterion to separate the signal space and noise space in order to achieve the purpose of noise suppression.The noise processed transient electromagnetic signal can be better applied in the inversion calculation of underground information.By measured data verification,it was proved that the proposed algorithm has better effects being applied to the signal noise suppression of transient electromagnetic method.It can effectively reduce the noise as well as separate the useful information from the secondary field signal,and has better effects in improving the quality of transient electromagnetic data mapping and geological condition explanation.


The intensive efforts of the World Bank and other urban lending programs focused on the immediate physical needs of housing and urban services rather than considering cities as sites of value creation, income generation, or productivity—an urbanization model of high urban population growth shaped this focus. Such urban planning and policy need to be considered in terms of its intention and how objectives implicitly and explicitly address the issue of context. Moreover, lessons of policy and program assistance practice should be reflected in urban lending program design; their evolution and use suggest the need for more attention to context. Michael Cohen Graduate Program in International Affairs The New School, New York email@example.com www.gpia.info From Master Plans to Stimulus Packages: Reflections on Urban Assistance to Rich and Poor Countries


The author has studied 30 morphological characters of 35 individuals from 4 populaions form different habitats.The result indicates that the overall morphological of differetiation Ranunculus sieboldii miq is somewhat unorderes,That iswhy the individuals of different populations may fall into one cluster, but most individuals within the same population offall in-to the same cluster. It is inferred that there are certain amonunts of morphological differentiation in different habitats. It showsplentiful morqphological diversity,and it has strong adaptation to different habitats.


SUBTITLE: THESE ARE GOOD TIMES FOR THE LINER BUSINESS BUT APL IS GETTING AN EXTRA BOOST FROM A COMPANY CULTURE CHANGE.


Tomatoes at breaker and pink stage maturities were coated with corn-zein film. Color, weight and firmness changes and sensory quality were compared with noncoated tomatoes during storage at 21 o C. Corn-zein film delayed color change and loss of firmness and weight during storage. Shelf life was extended by 6 days with film coatings as determined by sensory evaluation


To evaluate the performance of the advanced driver assistant systems, such as lane departure warning systems (LDWs) and lane keeping assist systems (LKAs), a deep learning model is proposed to estimate the lateral distance between the vehicle and lane boundaries. The training of a deep learning model requires a large number of label images, but the generation of label images is time consuming and boring. Therefore, an improved image quilting algorithm based on a convolutional neural network is proposed. A lot of lane and asphalt pavement images can be synthesised using fewer images of a real road scene. Moreover, an algorithm that aims to automatically generate label images using lane and asphalt pavement images to satisfy the distribution of real scenes is proposed. Experimental results showed that the generated label images can be used to train a deep learning model, and the lateral distance can be estimated with a sub-centimetre precision, which can provide an effective benchmark for the road test of LDWs, LKAs and other driving assistant systems.


OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of quantitative assessment of radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging in indicating significant coronary artery stenosis.
METHODS: Seven hundred and twenty patients with suspicion of coronary artery disease were retrospectively identified. All of them had undergone cardiac catheterization within the 6-month period after having one-day pharmacologic stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion scan. Important parameters were analyzed including myocardial perfusion, wall motion, wall thickening severity scores of 3 coronary artery territories and left ventricular ejection fraction values. These parameters were subsequently compared with the results of gold standard cardiac catheterization.�
RESULTS: Binary logistic regression analysis found that patients who had significant coronary artery stenosis had significantly higher value in all quantitative parameters (mean severity scores in myocardial perfusion, wall motion, wall thickening and left ventricular ejection fraction values in almost all 3 coronary artery territories) than those of the non-significant group (p-value <0.05) except wall motion severity score of the left circumflex artery. Similarly, higher perfusion severity scores had a greater probability of significant coronary artery stenosis in all 3 coronary arteries
CONCLUSION: Quantitative parameters obtained from stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging can indicate significant coronary artery stenosis in all 3 main coronary arteries on a level comparable with that of cardiac catheterization, which is the gold standard method. Higher perfusion severity scores indicated a greater probability of significant coronary artery stenosis.�


Knowing how to avoid upsetting a client, and knowing how to properly handle an individual who feels wronged, can help you avoid customer service mistakes in the future, build a more loyal customer base, and actually increase sales and profits.


In this issue of Society News we present updates on our Digital Library, awards, and travel grants, along with Division Officer Slates and Corporate Membership News.


This book argues that "Plato's Socrates" subscribes to a coherence theory of truth, and according to that theory, there is only one fully consistent set of beliefs: the set which contains all and only true members. Thus, not only does inconsistency between two beliefs indicate that at least one of them is false, but the consistency of a belief with the other beliefs in the system suffices for its truth. In the early dialogues, "Plato's Socrates" uses an argumentative technique, the elenchos, in his attempts to convince his various interlocutors that they do not know what they think they know about morality. Many of his interlocutors are official spokespersons for the culture. Socrates thus talks to two generals about courage and to a priest about holiness. In these dialogues, Socrates will elicit a definition (D) of some moral term from his interlocutor, then he will elicit other beliefs held by that interlocutor, say, B 1, B2 and B3. He will then show that D is inconsistent with either {B 1, B2, B3} or with various consequences of {B 1, B2, B3}. He hopes thereby to prod the interlocutor into abandoning D, so that the interlocutor and Socrates can cooperate in searching for the right definition. If the elenchos succeeds in showing that D is inconsistent with {B 1, B2, B3}, it achieves its negative purpose. But Socrates often claims that he can show by this method that his own beliefs are true. He claims to have 'proved' them true, or to have chained his theses down 'with arguments of iron and adamant'. Yet the method seems capable only of yielding a verdict concerning the consistency or inconsistency of {B 1, B2, B3, D}, and not of establishing the truth of any one of its members.


Abstract The aim of the article is to indicate the present delimitation of the sea boundaries of the Republic. As yet none of the international sea boundaries of the Republic have formally been delimited. This effects, firstly, the boundary between the Republic and Mozambique, and, secondly, as far as South West Africa is concerned, the boundary between the Cape Province and South West Africa, the northern and southern boundary sectors of the Walvis Bay area and the landward sea boundaries of the thirteen islands of the Republic adjacent to the territorial waters of South West Africa. In delimiting these boundaries account will have to be taken of certain directives contained in national legislation and international law. The national sea boundaries of the Republic, comprising the territorial sea boundaries of, firstly, the mainland, and, secondly, islands situated outside the territorial waters of the mainland, ie the seaward boundaries of the abovementioned islands situated adjacent to the territorial w...


The study focuses on how preadolescent girls in instances of adult-children talk within the institutional setting of a girl group discussion forum construct joint stories that challenge a master narrative of school bullying. The unfolding of one such multi-party storytelling event on the topic of victimization is analyzed; primarily highlighting the participants' interactional management of diverse moral concerns, blame allocations, and issues of responsibility. All in all, the study highlights how the girls' collaborative storytelling comes to redefine moral concepts and test the institutional borders of tellability in ways that also raise questions about the institutional foundations of school bullying interventions.


Intussusception is the telescoping of a segment of the gastrointestinal tract within the lumen of an adjacent segment. Adult intussusceptions are rare, with ileal lipoma responsible for only 6% of cases. Clinically, adult intussusception remains an elusive diagnosis. The triad of abdominal pain, vomiting and passage of bloody stool is not frequently seen in adults. Abdominal computed tomography is the gold standard for identifying ileal lipoma as the lead point of an adult intussusception. Definitive management is by surgical excision of the involved segment. This is a case report of a 38-yearold female with intussusception with a 5-cm subserosal ileal lipoma as the lead point. This is the first (to the best of our knowledge) reported case of adult intussusception caused by ileal lipoma in Africa. Keywords: Intussusception, Ileal, Lipoma, Subserosal, Intestinal obstruction, Adult


Many modern aero and space structures are composed of composite materials containing significant porosity. Although nondestructive analysis techniques have been developed to detect damage in homogeneous materials, little research has been done on heterogeneous materials. This project involves the use of the heat equation to simulate a thermal interrogation method for identifying damage in a porous material. We first use different probability schemes to randomly generate pores and then we flash heat the compartment along one of its boundaries. Temperature data along the source and back boundaries is recorded and then analyzed to distinguish differences between the undamaged and damaged materials. These results indicate that it is possible to detect damage of a certain size within a porous medium.


Abstract A review is given of recent developments in the study of magnetic (localized) photo-excitations in ionic solids. Emphasis will be on three topics: (i) the importance of magnetic properties in the structural characterization of defects, (ii) photo-chemical reactions as revealed from magnetic interactions in point defects, and (iii) energy and phase relaxation dynamics in photo-excited colour centres as probed from magnetic transients. In our survey we will focus on defects photo-excited to phosphorescent triplet states. In discussing a number of dynamical processes, some attention is given to the application of (optical-microwave) coherence spectroscopy which holds considerable promise for future work.


This article describes an intergenerational service learning program that was originally implemented in 2000 as a result of funding from the Corporation for National Service Intergenerational Service-Learning in Gerontology Grant. Recognizing that many Sociology of Aging students take the course as a requirement for their major rather than out of a keen interest in learning about or potentially working with older adults, the first author incorporated an intergenerational service-learning experience in order to enhance student engagement. More than a decade later, the Elder Service Partner Program has proven to be an effective strategy for achieving a variety of important educational goals.


Marketing innovations are of vital importance to the survival and development of medium and small enterprises. These marketing innovations are the need of medium and small enterprises to compete in economy globalization. Only by continuously innovating the marketing theories, marketing organizations, products and markets can medium and small enterprises put themselves in an invincible position during the fierce competition in economy globalization.


In order to investigate the feasibility of using remote sensing data to determinate the aboveground carbon density for tree forests,we estimated the biomass and carbon density of forests in Yangquan region of Shanxi Province by using the variable BEF( biomass expansion factor) method based on the forest inventory data. We then selected the NDVI,RVI,bands of SPOT images and environmental factors( elevation,slope,aspect etc.) as independent variables,and established an estimation model by using the enhanced BP neural network method to derive a distribution map of the carbon density. The biomass of tree forests in Yangquan was552774 t,and the carbon density was 11. 38 t·hm-2. Needle-leaved forest,young forest and artificial forest had the largest biomass,while broad-leaved forest,mature forest and natural forest had the largest carbon density. Model predictions of carbon density were successful,with the average relative errors and the average absolute values of relative error of simulation results for needle-leaved forest,broad-leaved forest,and mixed forest being 2. 40%,6. 87%,-4. 09%,and6. 83%,2. 77%,3. 99%,respectively. The simulation accuracy of tree forest distribution map derived by the enhanced BP neural network model was 85. 05%,implying that artificial neural networks developed a new idea for fast and accurate estimation of forest carbon density,providing a scientific basis for future survey and management of forest resources.


This paper characterizes the important features of photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals to advance the development of mobile sensor units that can monitor vital data and/or to prevent drivers from drunk driving. This paper discusses the correlation of various PPG signal spectra with a time lag. We demonstrate how these analyses, based on Lissajous curves and chaotic analysis, are applicable to alcohol-intake detection. Possible mathematical base is also discussed.


The antioxidant activities in vivo of yellow-margined box turtle muscle polypeptides were investigated by orally feeding D-galactose-induced aging mice.A subacute aging mice model was established by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose(200 mg/(kg·d)) for 6 weeks.Using L-carnosine as positive control,yellow-margined box turtle muscle polypeptides were taken to mice by gavage at three different doses of 50,100 and 200 mg/(kg·d).The mice were slaughtered after 6 weeks,and the activities of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in the serum,liver and brain were assayed.The results showed that the antioxidant effects of yellow-margined box turtle muscle polypeptides were positively correlated with the increased dosages.Compared with model control group,yellow-margined box turtle muscle polypeptides could significantly increase SOD activity by 41.71% and reduce MDA level by 28.80% in the serum(p 0.01).An obvious increase of T-AOC activity by 31.08% in the serum and SOD activity by 22.08% in the brain was also observed(p 0.05).Meanwhile,the activity of GSH-Px in the serum and liver exhibited an obvious increase by 22.94% and 14.53%(p 0.05).Furthermore,the content of MDA in the brain and liver revealed a reducing trend by 22.03% and 11.88%(p 0.05),respectively.Therefore,the yellow-margined box turtle muscle polypeptides showed obvious antioxidant activities in vivo,and they would have a great prospect for deep development and comprehensive utilization.


This short article discusses three erroneous interpretations of Wittgenstein's few remarks on the relation between religion, reason and the passions: (1) that the role he allots to pictures in religious discourse commits him to a certain form of expressivism; (2) that the heart and the intellect are essentially opposed in the context of faith; and (3) (in what is thought to be a Kierkegaardian vein) that the passionate heat of faith stands in simple opposition to the doctrinal chill of wisdom. In each case, these misinterpretations result from a failure to appreciate the depth and consistency of his commitment to a conception of the believing human being in which heart, mind, body and soul are fundamentally integrated.


Flow cytometrywas utilised for the fU'Stime to independentlymeasurefive sperm parametersof individual spermatozoa of bull ejaculates to differentiate between outcome successes after artificial insemination (AI). These parameters included plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, mitochondrial functionality and DNA damage measured by sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUfP nick end labening (TUNEL) assays. For each parameter, results of 142 ejaculates (30 bulls) were ranked into three groups according to their flow cytometric measures: (1) ejaculates with the 25% lOwestmeasures; (2) the 50% middle measures; and (3) the 25% highest measures. In total, 20272 first-service inseminations (18 x 106spermatozoa per AI dose) were performed, where fertility was defined as non-return within 60 days after first insemination. Whileplasmamembrane. andacrosomeintegrity,and mitochondrialfunctionalitywerenotsignificantlyrelatedto fertility, data from SCSA and TUNEL assays were significantly associated with fertility. Ejaculates in SCSA group 1 had.higher odds of AI success (1.07,95% CI= 1.02-1.12), whereas those in group 3 had lower odds of AI success (0,94, 95% CI = 0.89-0.99), compared with the average odds of all three groups. Ejaculates in group 2 did not have significantly higher odds of AI success compared with the average odds, For TUNEL-positive spermatozoa, the odds of AI success was higher in group I compared with the average odds (1.10, 95% CI = 1.02-1.13), whereas odds of AI success in groups 2 and 3 were not significant compared with the average odds. In conclusion, despite the high number of spermatozoa per AI dose from high-quality bulls, both SCSA and TUNEL assays were valuable measures in this study for evaluating sperm quality in relation to fertility after AI. Extra keywords: 60 day non-return rate, sperm DNA fragmentation. NOTICE:THISMAlERlALMAYBEPROTI;{:T;:' eVCOPYRIGHnAWI'hU;= Ii.


One of the most common issues facing managers these days is the management of conflict. While conflict has been studied exhaustively within the public and private sectors, when it comes to sport there has been limited research. This chapter provides an overview of the theoretical and empirical research on conflict in sports organizations and how that relates to changes currently occurring in sport. The consensus of the sport literature suggests that it is the structural arrangements of sports organizations that make them an environment for the emergence of sport. However, this review argues that although it was possible to adopt new organizational designs to reduce conflict, the process of change creates conflict and furthermore, new conflicts emerge in the new design. The continuing issue is the interaction of individuals in these structures causes conflict and the real problem is how to manage this conflict


Often necessary to meet enrollment goals in a competitive age, recruiting students from new sources requires a sound knowledge of marketing, solid research, effective organization, and institutional activities that will attract the desired populations.


The patient was a 57-year-old woman who visited our hospital with the cheif complaint of tarry stool. Hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer was revealed by emergent endoscopy, and she was admitted to the hospital. After admission she had no hemorrhage from the ulcer. Since an image of globular calcification was obtained in the left hypochondrial region on the plain radiograph of the abdomen, abdominal CT, celiac arteriography, etc., were undertaken. On the basis of the diagnosis of splenic cyst, splencetomy and selective proximal vagotomy were carried out as palliative procedures. From the fact that a cavernous hemangioma-like structure in the old stage was revealed in a portion of the wall of the cyst by histopathological examination of the resected specimens, it was strongly suspected that hemangioma was involved in the occurrence of the cyst.


Abstract : Use of engineering workstations greatly facilitates the design of special purpose (application specific) electronic circuits of VLSI level complexity. With a view toward the likely need for special purpose chips for future high performance signal processing applications, an examination into the nature of the enhancement in efficiency provided by a competitive workstation was conducted using the Chipmaster software available on a Daisy workstation. Layout of an 'on-line' arithmetic circuit was performed. The circuit implements an algorithm for computing 1/X where X is the binary input to the circuit. 'On-line' refers to arithmetic methods in which the results of computations are obtained in the form of a sequence of digits with the most significant digit obtained first and succeeding digits obtained in turn. 'On-line' algorithms have been developed by Ercegovac, the logic level circuit used in the study was generated by Henderson, and the effort was part of a broader study of systolic array signal processing systems by Symanski.


Subsurface imaging applications and other application concerned there is a need for directive antennas operating at relatively low frequencies, having smaller lateral size and narrower HPBW. However these requirements are constrained by inverse relationship about the antenna and its operating frequency. of 3.5 cm, will be able to operate between To that end the microstrip antenna is to its lightweight, low profile with conformability


The utility model discloses a metal wire cutting device, which comprises a base, an upright rod, a swing rod, a power push rod, a motor, a grinding wheel, a guide rail and a propelling plant. The upright rod is fixedly connected with the base, one end of the swing rod is hinged with the end of the upright rod, the other end of the swing rod rotationally supports the grinding wheel, one end of the power push rod is hinged with the upright rod, the other end of the power push rod is hinged with the swing rod, the motor is fixedly connected onto the swing rod and is in transmission connection with the grinding wheel, the guide rail is fixedly connected with the base and is in sliding fit with a bottom plate by the aid of a slider, the bottom plate is in transmission connection with the base by the propelling plant, and a clamping device is mounted on the bottom plate. The metal wire cutting device can conveniently and speedily clean a metal wire wound on a bobbin without damaging the bobbin.


Background
An increasing number of breast cancer (BC) survivors are at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer (CBC). We aimed to investigate the influence of various adjuvant systemic regimens on, subtype-specific, risk of CBC.

Methods
This population-based cohort study included female patients diagnosed with first invasive BC between 2003-2010; follow-up was complete until 2016. Clinico-pathological data were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, and additional data on receptor status through linkage with PALGA: the Dutch Pathology Registry. Cumulative incidences (death and distant metastases as competing risk) and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for all invasive metachronous CBC, and CBC-subtypes.

Results
Of 83,144 BC patients, 2,816 developed a CBC; the 10-year cumulative incidence was 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]=3.7-4.0%). Overall, adjuvant chemotherapy: HR = 0.70; 95%CI=0.62-0.80, endocrine therapy: HR = 0.46; 95%CI=0.41-0.52, and trastuzumab with chemotherapy: HR = 0.57; 95%CI=0.45-0.73 were strongly associated with a reduced CBC risk. Specifically, taxane-containing chemotherapy (HR = 0.48; 95%CI=0.36-0.62) and aromatase inhibitors (HR = 0.32; 95%CI=0.23-0.44) were associated with a large CBC risk reduction. More detailed analyses showed that endocrine therapy statistically significantly decreased the risk of ER-positive CBC (HR = 0.41; 95%CI=0.36-0.47), but not ER-negative CBC (HR = 1.32, 95%CI=0.90-1.93), compared to no endocrine therapy. Patients receiving chemotherapy for ER-negative first BC had a higher risk of ER-negative CBC from 5 years of follow-up (HR = 2.84; 95%CI=1.62-4.99), compared to patients not receiving chemotherapy for ER-negative first BC.

Conclusion
Endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, as well as trastuzumab with chemotherapy reduces CBC risk. However, each adjuvant therapy regimen had a different impact on the CBC-subtype distribution. Taxane-containing chemotherapy and aromatase inhibitors were associated with the largest CBC risk reduction.


This paper analyses the role of family and church networks as sources of social capital in aiding migration, settlement and social integration of Zimbabwean migrants. It also shows how these networks sometimes inhibit migrant integration into the host community. The study was carried out among Zimbabwean migrants in Tembisa and Kempton Park in Johannesburg. This study adds to the growing literature on bonding and bridging social capital while at the same time revealing how social capital is both a blessing and blight to Zimbabwean migrants. This paper makes an important contribution to the literature by arguing that while sometimes migrant social integration is hindered by the activities of the host population (e.g. xenophobic attitudes among South African locals), in some cases, the migrants themselves could hinder their own social integration through their migrant social networks. I argue that this is an unintended consequence of migrant family and religious networks.


In this paper, we introduce type systems to detect faulty calls of functions in a program. The intended meaning of the faulty call is calling a function with a miss-match to the number of its arguments. We use error-detecting semantics that when detects the faulty calls, doesn't proceed to the next state. Type systems are used in the process of analysis and in repairing. The paper presents two type systems: the safety type system which checks the safety of a given program and the repairing type system which corrects errors. The repairing process is made by replacing the faulty call of function with a correct one. In the repairing process simple interactive input/output statements are used. The interaction (input/output) helps to get the lost parameters by interacting with the user; informing him about the number of lost parameters. The user can then input these parameters.


J1211+743 is a giant radio galaxy with a one-sided jet and two asymmetric lobes, one of which is of Fanaroff-Riley (FR) type II with a hotspot and the other is a diffuse relic devoid of a hotspot. The jet points towards the latt er lobe, which is diffi cult to explain in a standard way within the double-lobed radio source paradigm. Here, I propose to assume that the nucleus of J1211+743 has undergone a re-ignition of activity and its lobes, presumably both originally of FR II type, represent an earlier active phase, while the jet represents the current one. The asymmetry of the lobes is a consequence of the orientation of the source combined with an activity switch-off that occurred between two active periods. The relic lobe is on the near side with regard to the observer, whereas the radiation from the far-side lobe arrives significantly l ater owing to its longer distance to the observer. The far-si de lobe is thus perceived to have not yet decayed. On the other hand, the jet behaves in a standard way, i.e. its projected orientation refl ects the near side of the source. Hence, we are able to explain why the location of the relic lobe correlates with the direction of the jet .


Introduction: World Health Organization refers obesity as a global epidemic because of rapid increase in the number of overweight and obese individuals in last 20 years. Objective: To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity and determine their associated factors among school children aged 10-12 years in Mehsana district in India. Study Protocol: A single centric epidemiological study was conducted among 200 school children selected at random in Mehsana district school in the period from July 2011 to September 2011. Overweight and obesity were assessed using height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference of each student in the class. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to interview the students to elicit the information on family characteristics such as number of family members, education and occupation of parents, their usual physical activity, habit of watching TV and time spent with computer and for sleeping as well as the pattern of dietary intake. Results: Significant difference in body mass index for boys ( P P Conclusion: The present study attempts to highlights childhood obesity is an emerging health problem which need to be confirmed by large scale studies and effective preventive strategies should be developed to halt this epidemic at its beginning.


Summary form only given. Quality software is software that is fit for its intended purpose. High quality software meets business goals and user needs, which means it has the right features and the right attributes. Building quality software requires using disciplined processes and a carefully designed software architecture. The architecture part of this quality equation has often been ignored in software engineering education. Too often we teach only low-level code design. Yet, the software architecture is the first design artifact that addresses key quality attributes such as affordability, reliability, security, modifiability, and performance. The quality of a system emanates in large part from the software architecture. The software architecture provides the most fundamental basis for communicating design decisions and establishing effective work breakdown structures. The software architecture is the reusable, transferable abstraction that is the basis for software product lines. Architecture represents an enormous risk in a software development project; the wrong architecture leads to poor quality software and very often to project failure. It's time that all software engineering students know the principles of software architecture and how to use effective architecture practices. Every facet of our society depends on software. To ensure high quality software we need to teach our students to architect high quality software.


Dr. David Butler-Jones measures the sea change in attitude toward public health by the number of politicians at the news conference announcing his appointment as Canada's first Chief Public Health Officer.

![Figure][1]

Figure. Dr. Butler-Jones: the media have crowned him doctor to a nation


Problem: Medical education is shifting to competency based training focusing on 13 Core EPA's for Entering Residency. In response, UME leaders are reforming curricula to focus on Competency Based Education (CBE), and many institutions are choosing to incorporate Simulation Based Educations (SBE) into these efforts. Guidance for institutions planning comprehensive reform and simulation integration is limited. The purpose of this paper is to describe the experience at one medical school attempting to align a new UME curriculum and a new simulation center using CBE principles. Approach: As part of a UME curriculum redesign, the University of Texas Southwestern took two major actions. First, they secured funding to build a campus wide simulation center to host large-scale, high-quality simulation activities. Second, they formed a simulation planning committee to coordinate existing simulation activities and develop new activities to integrate into the new curriculum. This committee chose to use EPAs as an organizing framework. Outcome: The simulation planning committee carefully identified 25 simulation activities that would effectively Weis J, Wagner J, Farr D, Ginsburg C, Guttman O, Krumwiede K, Kho K, Martinez J, Reed G, Rege R, Sulistio M, Scott D MedEdPublish https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2018.0000137.1 Page | 2 target core EPAs, while also complementing existing UME courses. The committee identified a director and codirector for each activity and established standard elements that would be common to all simulation activities. Learners' progress through each activity is tracked and verified in a comprehensive portfolio. Next Steps: Throughout the academic year, data will be collected for each simulation activity according to uniform metrics. These data will be used to inform the committee's decisions to continue, modify, or discontinue certain activities for future cohorts of students.


This paper presents a procedure for multiobjective management of complex energy hubs. In distributed energy production, many energy sources can be present at the same time in an energy node: combined production of electrical and thermal power, renewable energy sources, exchanges with external grids etc.. Several strategies can be devised to manage this system in order to fulfil user demands and other technical constraints. Beyond maximal economic revenue, which is the most used single objective criterion for energy management, environmental impact of the system must be also taken into account, thus a multiobjective method must be used. A procedure, based on the Pareto optimality concept, which can face at the same time economic and environmental objectives has been developed and applied to the study of a Combined Heat and Power node. Results obtained are shown and discussed.


Thin film interdigital sensors have been designed and fabricated. The sensors were fabricated using different substrates and using different fabrication technology. The initial design was fabricated on glass slide and fabricated using IDT (Intergrated Device Technology). The new sensors were fabricated on silicon/silicon dioxide wafer. All sensors were coated with APTES, a cross-linker bind to certain bio-molecules and then were immobilized with Polymyxin B, a specific bio-molecules that bind to endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Sensors were tested for different concentrations of LPS. The impedance characteristics were presented using Impedance Spectroscopy method. A principle component analysis (PCA) was used for better data classification method.


In the present study,the expression,purification and characterization of the multi-antigenic gene encoding recombinant protein P30-ROP2 in Pichia pastoris were performed,in which the P30-ROP2 gene was subcloned into expression vector pGAPZαA and then the recombinants were transferred to yeast cell GS115 by electroporation.The Pichia transformants were identified by PCR and the expression products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.It was found that the positive recombinant plasmid pGAPZaA-P30-ROP2 was successfully constructed through PCR.Enzyme digestion and sequence analysis.and this recombinant plasmid expressed a specific 66 kDa fusion protein in Pichia pastoris with certain degree of immunogenicity as demonstrated by Western blotting.These results provide basis for the researches on the diagnostic antigens and preparation of vaccine in Toxoplasma infections.


From the Book:
The manifestations of the mode of goodness can be experienced when all the gates of the body are illuminated by knowledge
The Bhagavad Gita (14.11)

During the joint supervision of a Master's thesis "The Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of OFDM," of Arnout de Wild from Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, we realized that there was a shortage of technical information on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in a single reference. Therefore, we decided to write a comprehensive introduction to OFDM. This is the first book to give a broad treatment to OFDM for mobile multimedia communications. Until now, no such book was available in the market. We have attempted to fill this gap in the literature.
Currently, OFDM is of great interest by the researchers in the Universities and research laboratories all over the world. OFDM has already been accepted for the new wireless local area network standards from IEEE 802.11, High Performance Local Area Network type 2 (HIPERLAN/2) and Mobile Multimedia Access Communication (MMAC) Systems. Also, it is expected to be used for the wireless broadband multimedia communications.
OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications is the first book to take a comprehensive look at OFDM, providing the design guidelines one needs to maximize benefits from this important new technology. The book gives engineers a solid base for assessing the performance of wireless OFDM systems. It describes the new OFDM-based wireless LAN standards; examines the basics of direct-sequence and frequency-hopping CDMA, helpful in understanding combinations of OFDM and CDMA. It also looks at applications of OFDM, includingdigital audio and video broadcasting, and wireless ATM. Loaded with essential figures and equations, it is a must-have for practicing communications engineers, researchers, academics, and students of communications technology.
Chapter 1 presents a general introduction to wireless broadband multimedia communication systems (WBMCS), multipath propagation, and the history of OFDM. A part of this chapter is based on the contributions of Luis Correia from the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal, Anand Raghawa Prasad from Lucent Technologies, and Hiroshi Harada from the Communications Research Laboratory, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Yokosuka, Japan.
Chapters 2 to 5 deal with the basic knowledge of OFDM including modulation and coding, synchronization, and channel estimation, that every post-graduate student as well as practicing engineers must learn. Chapter 2 contains contributions of Rob Kopmeiners from Lucent Technologies on the FFT design.
Chapter 6 describes the peak-to-average power problem, as well as several solutions to it. It is partly based on the contribution of Arnout de Wild.
Basic principles of CDMA are discussed in Chapter 7 to understand multi carrier CDMA and frequency-hopping OFDMA, which are described in Chapters 8 and 9. Chapter 8 is based on the research contributions from Shinsuke Hara from the University of Osaka, Japan, a postdoctoral student at Delft University of Technology during 1995-96, Chapter 9 is based on a UMTS proposal, with main contributions of Ralf Bohnke from Sony, Germany, David Bhatoolaul and Magnus Sandell from Lucent Technologies, Matthias Wahlquist from Telia Research, Sweden, and Jan-Jaap van de Beek from Lulea University, Sweden.
Chapter 10 was written from the viewpoint of top technocrats from industries, government departments, and policy-making bodies. It describes several applications of OFDM, with the main focus on wireless ATM in the Magic WAND project, and the new wireless LAN standards for the 5 GHz band from IEEE 802.11, HIPERLAN/2 and MMAC. It is partly based on contributions from Geert Awater from Lucent Technologies, and Masahiro Morikura and Hitoshi Takanashi from NTT in Japan and California, respectively.
We have tried our best to make each chapter quite complete in itself This book will help generate many new research problems and solutions for future mobile multimedia communications. We cannot claim that this book is errorless. Any remarks to improve the text and correct any errors would be highly appreciated.


High resolution remote sensing image segmentation is a great challenge in terms of potential applications, but also because of the difficulty of the task. Fully automatic algorithms are not able to extract all the desired features from complex images but visual image analysis is time consuming and tedious (therefore error prone). In this work we present a simple, yet powerful approach for interactive image segmentation. This approach combines the best of the automatic image processing together with the ability of a human operator to choose the objects of interest for a given application. Results are presented on a wide variety of objects and contexts.


Abstract The article examines the roles of NGOs in banning cluster munitions that resulted in the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions and the campaign against landmines in the 1990s. It argues that NGOs have managed to move questions about the use of force from the closed decision-making sphere of military commanders and arms control diplomats into open public debate. Thus NGOs have simultaneously desecuritised the use of force by states, securitised certain weapons technologies, and made human beings the referent object of security. This has marked a shift from state security and strategic disarmament to human security and humanitarian disarmament, without fundamentally challenging the laws of war. However, in contrast to realist views that only militarily useless weapons ever get banned and radical critical perspectives that see new legal regimes as legitimating war and US hegemony, I argue that NGOs have engaged in immanent critique of military arguments and practices based on prevailing principles of international humanitarian law. The resulting weapon ban treaties have both restrained US policy and undermined its legitimacy. The article explores the discursive choices that underpinned the remaking of the security agenda by NGOs and their role as de/securitising actors and emancipatory agents of change.


Abstract. Pokemon Go, a highly popular, recently launched augmented-reality-based video game, fosters players' interaction with the real world. In this commentary we elaborate on how location-based games, such as Pokemon Go, have provided insights into the perception and understanding of space, as well as into their impact on patterns of mobility. In addition to that, we compare Pokemon Go with geocaching, another location-based game, to further elaborate on what Pokemon Go fails to do in terms of the practices of geographical exploration.


These organisations are jointly responsible for the content and scientific quality of the database. The financial and organisational responsibilities lie with Fachinformationszentrum (FIZ) Karlsruhe, whereas Springer Verlag remains responsible for distribution and marketing. FIZ Karlsruhe (Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure) is a member of the Leibniz Association, a group of independent German research institutes. As such, it receives funding from the federal and state governments but also generates substantial revenues of its own. The German Mathematical Society (DMV) was a founding member of FIZ Karlsruhe (established in 1977). Mathematicians are typically familiar with the Leibniz Association through the Oberwolfach Research Institute (MFO) or the Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics (WIAS) in Berlin, both of whom are member institutes. This structure ensures that zbMATH is not run primarily as a commercial enterprise. The income generated is used to finance the Berlin office of zbMATH with its approximately 30 full-time positions, as well as to maintain and develop the necessary infrastructure for the database. After all, it is crucial that the (currently approximately) 120,000 mathematical publications that appear each year in different sources (such as research monographs, conference proceedings, collected volumes, more than 2,200 journals and roughly 1,000 book series) are documented and reviewed in a timely fashion. For this, the contributions of our 7,000 reviewers are essential. Without these reviewers, zbMATH would not be possible. zbMATH caters for the needs of the mathematical community. As such it provides a number of free services:


Introduction: the root canal ramifications, also known as accessory canals, may vary by size, number and location in the root. The apical foramen, due to its magnitude, is the main path of communication between the dental pulp and periodontal region, but the entire system of root canals such as lateral, secondary and accessory canals also participate of the communication between pulp and periodontal region.  Aim: conducting a literature review to assess the prevalence of accessory canals in the furcation and the floor, and its influence in the etiology of endo-periodontal lesion.  Literature review: several techniques and methods have been employed over the years to identify the presence of accessory canals and, thus, to address its importance and influence in the endo-periodontal disease.  Conclusions: the prevalence of accessory canals in the furcation region and floor was 2.3% to 79%, varying according to the technique performed in the study. The most effective study method to assess accessory canals was the infiltration dye and decalcification method. The accessory canals are important essentially in the endo-periodontal relation.


The modelling of the magnetic field distribution of complex systems often requires the use of complicated analytical methods. One of alternative ways of handling such an issue includes finite element method. The following paper presents that this problem may be simplified by modelling single elements and combining them into a system using Elmer software. The simulation requires the definition of element's geometry created in Netgen software, as well as the boundary conditions and the specification of material's magnetic properties. This paper discusses the whole modelling process including chart generation, results validation via measurements, and uncertainty budget.


Photoemission spectra of the 3d valence band of polycrystalline Cu were studied using synchrotron radiation of energy 50 120 eV but failed in the region h..nu.. approx. = 90 eV. Fair agreement between experiment and theory was obtained when momentum broadening in the final state was included. The largest broadening was required around h..nu.. = 90 eV. A minimum in the photoelectron mean free path at this energy is discussed as a possible source of broadening. The observed changes in spectral shape for 50 < or = h..nu.. < or = 70 eV are attributed to direct transitions; the changes are found to arise mainly from the angular part of the transition matrix element. (AIP)


operating conditions and functions of aTF in an automatic transmission are described. characteristics and requirements of aTF are presented. aTF samples used for testing were characterized. The methodology used for determining the kinematic viscosity testing is given. There are presented the results of microscopic analysis and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy of aTF samples after the operation. also viscosity results of fresh and used aTF are illustrated and discussed. results of stationary and on-board diagnostics in damaged automatic transmission are presented. Possible influence of the aTF viscosity decrease on operating and technical conditions in automatic transmissions friction connections were described.


Based on the character of remote sensing image,a new mathematical morphology filtering algorithm is proposed.The algorithm,median filtering algorithm,and mean filtering algorithm are applied in remote sensing image,and their results are compared in different evaluation parameters.The conclusion proved the new filtering algorithm can well remove the noise under the condition of preserving details of the remote sensing image.


The paper intends to construct a paradigm from an economic history perspective to analyze the function transformation of China's government, and to illustrate the profound history of government behavior during the process of economic transformation, thus stressing the influence of history on reality. In the meantime, the paper illustrates the logic thinking and value orientation of the function transformation of China's government.


Introduction Part I. Beginnings: 1. Dunbar's aureate allegories and Andre's Vita Henrici Septimi 2. The Bowge of Courte and the birth of the paranoid subject 3. 'My panefull purs so priclis me': the rhetoric of the self in Dunbar's petitionary poems Part II. Translative Senses: 4. Alexander Barclay's eclogues and Gavin Douglas's Palice of Honour 5. Memoires d'outre-tombe: love, rhetoric and Stephen Hawes 6. Mapping Skelton: 'Esebon, Marybon, Wheston next Barnet' 7. Conclusion.


Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells may be differentiated into dendritic cells (DC) which have increased immunogenicity, but retain some immunosuppressive features of leukemic cells. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine, has been identified as a novel immunosuppressive agent by inhibiting T-cell proliferation and is involved in tolerance induction to tumors. We have recently shown that IDO protein is constitutively expressed in a significant subset of newly diagnosed AML patients, resulting in tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway and in the inhibition of allogeneic T-cell proliferation. We, then, in vitro generated DCs from 7 AML samples (AML-DCs) in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-α. The cells we obtained were morphologically and phenotypically semi-mature DCs expressing CD40, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR and CD1a molecules and they were more efficient to induce T-cell proliferation and type 1 cytokine production than primary AML blasts. At baseline, 5/7 AML samples expressed IDO, whereas 2/7 did not. After differentiation into DCs, IDO + AML samples showed an up-regulation of IDO mRNA and protein, and IDO − AML cells turned positive. IDO-expressing AML-DCs were capable to catabolize tryptophan into kynurenine metabolite and, functionally, they inhibited allogeneic T-cell proliferation through an IDO-dependent mechanism. These data identify IDO-mediated catabolism as a tolerogenic mechanism in AML-DCs and have clinical implications for the use of AML-DCs as cellular vaccine against leukemia.