Solid wall tunnels having only upper and lower walls flexing are described. An algorithm for selecting the wall contours for both 2 and 3 dimensional wall flexure is presented and numerical experiments are used to validate its applicability to the general test case of 3 dimensional lifting aircraft models in rectangular cross section wind tunnels. The method requires an initial approximate representation of the model flow field at a given lift with wallls absent. The numerical methods utilized are derived by use of Green's source solutions obtained using the method of images; first order linearized flow theory is employed with Prandtl-Glauert compressibility transformations. Equations are derived for the flexed shape of a simple constant thickness plate wall under the influence of a finite number of jacks in an axial row along the plate centerline. The Green's source methods are developed to provide estimations of residual flow distortion (interferences) with measured wall pressures and wall flow inclinations as inputs.


Background: It is plausible that interleukin polymorphisms may affect predisposition of autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the results of so far published studies remain controversial. Objectives: The authors conducted this meta-analysis to clarify relationships between interleukin-1 (IL-1)/interleukin-4 (IL-4)/interleukin-6 (IL-6)/interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms and SLE by pooling the findings of eligible studies. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI was endorsed by the authors to identify already published studies. Fifty-seven studies were found to be eligible for meta-analyses. Results: The overall pooled meta-analyses yielded positive findings for IL-1A −889 C/T, IL-1B −31 T/C, IL-6 −174 G/C, IL-4 −590 C/T, and IL-10 −1,082 A/G polymorphisms. In addition, we also detected similar positive findings for IL-1B −511 C/T, IL-4 −590 C/T, IL-10 −592 A/C, IL-10 −819 C/T, and IL-10 −1,082 A/G polymorphisms in Asians, and such positive findings were also observed for IL-1A −889 C/T, IL-6 −174 G/C, and IL-10 −1,082 A/G polymorphisms in Caucasians. Conclusions: The meta-analyses' results suggest that IL-1A −889 C/T, IL-1B −31 T/C, IL-6 −174 G/C, IL-4 −590 C/T, and IL-10 −1,082 A/G polymorphisms might affect predisposition of SLE.


Crystallographic and low frequency dielectric studies were performed on lead-free non-stoichiometric perovskite ceramics of Ba 1-x A x/2 (Ti 1-x Nb x )O 3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) compositions. A classical ferroelectric behaviour was shown for x varying from 0 to 0.05. A relaxor behaviour appears for higher values of x. The corresponding relaxor characteristics increased as the composition deviated from BaTiO 3 . They are only slightly dependent on the substituted cations in the 12-coordination number (12-C.N.) crystallographic site. Such kind of materials are of interest for environmentalfriendly applications.


The brain tumor detection is the approach which can detect the tumor portion from the MRI image. To detect tumor from the image various techniques has been proposed in the previous times. The technique which is proposed in this research paper is based on morphological scanning and naïve bayes classification. The morphological scanning will scan the input image and naïve bayes classifier mark the tumor portion from the MRI image. The proposed algorithm is implemented in MATLAB and results are analyzed in terms of PSNR, MSE and accuracy and fault rate.


Abstract This paper gives an account of 'left' and 'progressive' economic development politics and policy in Sheffield and Chicago in the early 1980s. The origins of these policies in activist work and grassroots organizing, and the leadership of John Benington and David Blunkett in Sheffield and of Robert Mier and Harold Washington in Chicago are characterized and briefly compared.


As energy systems become ever more closely intertwined in order to enable electrification and real‐time coordination across sectors, tracking the nature of change to ensure accountability during complex implementation processes presents novel challenges and requires renewed thinking on data infrastructures. For instance, sectors like electricity generation, electricity distribution and electrified urban transport have begun to interact more closely and with more spatial complexity than ever before. Correspondingly, this conceptual article articulates the evolving relationship between cross‐sectoral metrics (CSM) and twin transitions (i.e., digitalisation and decarbonisation) of energy systems in the Anthropocene. It argues for development of explicitly cross‐sectoral metrical analysis as an accountability tool for shifts to equitable, low‐carbon energy systems. It draws on three pertinent fields of study—calculative logics, institutionalisation, and degrees of digitalisation—to provide the basis for a theory of transformative metrics for application to evolving energy systems. Scholarship on calculative logics offers insights on the nature of metrics, work on institutionalisation helps understand the dynamics of integrating novel metrics into evolving sociotechnical systems, and consideration of degrees of digitalisation ensures mindfulness of differences across contexts. Resulting insights can serve as diagnostic tools to inform timely monitoring and implementation of twin transitions for energy systems. Work across three distinct lines of scholarship is specified to enable conceptual development, and an empirical case study is sketched to show how to operationalise and apply an analytical framework. This delineation serves as a step towards a theory of transformative metrics, for integrative study of CSM for accountable twin transitions.


The exciton emission spectrum of ZnSe MIS diodes in forward bias electro-luminescence has been studied down to the lowest temperatures (20-30K) at which it is still possible to pass an appreciable current through a device. With diodes prepared on crystals of the highest chemical purity grown by a conventional vapour phase techniques, the luminescence consisted almost entirely of the 1LO and 2LO phonon-assisted replicas of the Gamma 8 to Gamma 6 free exciton emission. The shapes of the two bands are discussed in terms of the semiclassical theory of Gross et al. (1966) with the result that the width and asymmetry of the bands are attributed to a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of the excitons in an exciton band with an effective exciton temperature close to that of the lattice.


Objective To evaluate the effect of using 532 semiconductor laser in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy by laser photocoagulation.Methods From January 2010 to January 2011,96 patients(165 eyes) who suffered diabetic retinopathy received laser treatment carried out by Nd:YAG-532 wave length laser instrument made in Tai Wan.After the operations,these patients were followed up for about one year.Results Among the 165 eyes.visual acuity was improved in 52 eyes(31.51%),remained unchanged in 95eyes(57.58%),and declined in18 eyes(10.91%).Nd:YAG-532 wave length laser could not only reduce the risk of vision loss,but also enhance the opportunity of vision recovery.It could also reduce the incidence of continuous cystoid macula edema.Conclusion FD Nd:YAG(532nm) laser photocoagulaton is obviously effective in the treatment of diabeticretinopathy.


When this formula contains the less than inequality, the disc is called open, and when it contains the less than or equal to inequality, the disc is called closed. A point (x0, y0) in a plane region R is an interior point of R if there exists a δ − neighborhoodabout (x0, y0) that lies entirely in R. If every point in R is an interior point, then we call R an open region. A point (x0, y0) is a boundary point of R if every open disc centered at (x0, y0) contains points inside R and points outside R. By definition, a region must contain its interior points, but it need not contain its boundary points. If a region contains all its boundary points, then we say that the region is closed. A region that contains some but not all its boundary points is neither open nor closed.


The objective of this work is exploring influence of styles of leadership on Organizational Culture. Organizational leaders assist in defining and shaping context of work making contribution towards organizational inventions, creating and manage organizational culture and promoting innovation. For organizations, culture is a way of learning environmental elements. There are many definitions available for culture. Issue of difference with leader includes material is highly discussed topic, and it is assumed that leadership is different from management. In present time, organizational culture is progressively understood as an asset of a company to be used to improve performance of business and performance of job. From past some years, culture of an organizational is considered as important element of for success of an organization in the world of business. Different approaches are taken by organizations in building good quality of work culture, but for some organization, quality of work culture does not matter.


A series of assembly processes are developed to improve the optical path performance of a kind of interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG). The assembly process of IFOG optical path mainly points to the fiber splicing operation of different fibers. First, a thermal exfoliation process is developed to decrease the surface exfoliation defect of fiber. Second, a loss-damage cutting method is proposed to control the end-face verticality degree of fiber. Third, several arc discharge functions of fiber splicer are designed to carry out the high-quality splicing. Three kinds of fibers, i.e., the single-mode fiber, the polarization maintaining fiber, and the erbium-doped fiber, are utilized. The arc discharge functions of different fiber combination modes are designed. Finally, when evaluating the process improvement effect of optical path assembly, the splicing loss of total IFOG optical path, the Weibull distribution-based reliability index, and some integrated evaluation indexes of IFOG, are considered to estimate the assembly quality. Many experiment results have proved the correctness and the effectiveness of proposed techniques.


Subject. The study constitutes the multiple factor analysis of using the Internet and groups the information infrastructure of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by homogeneous development trends.
Objectives. The study is to analyze the emergence and development of the information space that helps evaluate the extent to which entities of the national economy are competitive, and identify promising leaders and outsiders of the information development.
Methods. Research employs methods of the multiple factor statistical analysis, including cluster, factor, situational and correlation analysis.
Results. Suggested in the study, the multiple factor analysis can focus on evidence from various countries so as to use the effective mechanism for detecting typical groups of regions and steering their socio-economic development.
Conclusions and Relevance. We performed the trend analysis, correlation and factor analysis of the way the Internet is used across the Russian Federation in 2016–2017, referring to the percentage of household and business users of the Internet. We discovered emerging tendencies of using the Internet across Russia in 2017 and regions where such trends persevere or decline. As the correlation analysis shows, there was a direct and strong correlation between percentages of households and legal entities using the Internet in 2016, while the relationship was weak and inverse in 2017. The factor analysis revealed the sole latent (hidden) factor influencing the use of the Internet in Russia in 2017, which we construed as regional budgetary spending.


A hollow-core fiber-based transient absorption experiment for tunable excitation (415-770 nm) and broadband detection (320-1100 nm) is presented and employed on studying ultrafast dynamics in photosystem I.


A discussion of the relationship of art historical and historical research. Emphasis on the use of the monuments of art history as historical documents. Criticism of over-reliance on written sources and an appeal to art historians to learn the languege of art.


We have searched the first-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) W-band CMB anisotropy map for evidence of cosmic strings. We set a limit on the dimensionless string parameter δ of δ = 8πGμγβ < 2.9 × 10-5 for the statistical search for a significant number of strings in the map. We also set a limit using the uniform-distribution-of-strings model in the WMAP data with δ = 8πGμγβ < 7.3 × 10-5 at the 95% confidence level (CL). The pattern search technique we developed in this paper set a limit δ = 8πGμγβ < 1.5 × 10-5 at the 95% CL, which corresponds to a limit on the symmetry-breaking energy scale of ≲1016 GeV/⟨γβ⟩.


CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells using metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) with decaphenylcyclopentasilane (DPPS) are fabricated and characterized. The effect of addition of MPcs on the photovoltaic properties is investigated by changing the central element of the MPc and depositing MPc and DPPS successively on the perovskite layer. When silicon phthalocyanine is used to the cell, the microstructure of the perovskite film improves, which results in improvement of the open‐circuit voltage, fill factor, and photoconversion efficiency. For cells with only MPcs as the hole‐transport layer, the conversion efficiency increases by passivation with the phthalocyanine and crystal growth at room temperature.


Introduction. Temporomandibular disorders consist of a disorder of masticatory muscles and/or a disorder of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of physicomedical therapy combined with topical application of Fastum gel® for the treatment of TMJ disorder during an 8-month period. Material & Methods. In the period from September 2008 until May 2009 32 TMD patients were examined (mean age 38.3 years, 93.8% women). The criteria for inclusion were: pain in the TMJ, limited mouth opening and pathologic noise. In collaboration with a rheumatologist-physiatrist, patients went to physicomedical therapy and topically applied Fastum gel®, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen gel. The control group consisted of 20 students of dental medicine (mean age 23.5, 70% women). By means of magnetic resonance imaging the TMJ disorder was confirmed: discopathy (anterior disc displacement) in 25 (78.1%) and osteoarthritis in 7 (21.9%) patients. Results. The most prominent symptom was pain in TMJ in 31 (96.9%) of patients. The median of pain upon mandibular movement was 6 on AVS, 0 at rest, 3.55 during palpation. The median of active mouth opening for patients was 40.75 mm before treatment and 52.25 mm for asymptomatic subjects, which was statistically significant (t-test with p<0.001). The difference in all pain evaluations on AVS scale after the treatment was shown to be statistically significant (t-test with p<0.001): pain upon mandibular movement was 1.1. As much as 81.26% of the patients had no disturbances after treatment or they experienced a significant improvement. Conclusion. One of the efficient reversible and noninvasive modalities for treatment of TMJ disorders is physicomedical therapy. During an 8-month follow up it was shown that a better and mostly painless oral function was achieved. NSAD seems to be a useful complementary therapy of TMJ disorder.


The thesis presents the housing legislation in Slovenia since 1991. Positive and negative sides of home ownership and home renting are described. The rent for non-profit housing is formed according to the law following a valid methodology, while the rent for commercial housing is formed freely. The thesis contains an analysis of apartment rental market in 2014 based on signed lease agreements. A detailed analysis has been made on rent prices, the volume of renting and characteristics of the rental apartments within Slovenian municipalities. Analysis of rented apartments were performed also by city zones of each city municipality, which were created especially for this assignment and derive from zones of mass real estate appraisal models. The rent analysis showed that most of apartments were rented in city municipality of Ljubljana where the rent prices were also the highest. Presence of a university in a city municipality also influences the number of rented apartments. There have been many more lease contracts signed there, as opposed to municipalities with no university. In individual city municipalities the rents are the highest in city centre areas. It has been found that in some city municipalities the zones of mass real estate appraisal models are appropriate for analysing apartment prices and rents, while in other locations, such as city municipality of Maribor, those models are not usable. A t-test was carries out in order to determine whether the average apartment rents per unit in individual city municipalities and inside their zones characteristically differ from each other or not. The results showed a significant statistical difference among average apartment rents per unit in majority of city municipalities observed, a conclusion we cannot make for average rents between different zones of a certain city municipality.


A set of boundary conditions requiring vanishing of the normal components of the D and B vectors at the boundary surface was introduced recently and labeled as the DB-boundary conditions. Basic properties of the waveguide defined by circular cylindrical DB boundary are studied in this paper. It is shown that the circularly symmetric TE and TM modes coincide with those of the respective PEC and PMC waveguides. More general waveguide modes can be split in two groups, self-dual and anti-self dual modes with respect to a duality transformation and their dispersion properties differ from those of a PEC waveguide as there may exist backward-wave modes for certain ranges of frequencies.


The static permittivity and density of 1,1‐dimethoxy‐2‐propanone have been measured in the temperature range −30 to 100 °C and at atmospheric pressure to 3.5 kbar. The dipole moment increases at atmospheric pressure from 2.75 D at −30 °C to 2.89 D at 99 °C and increases by 0.9% in the pressure range 0.001–3.5 kbar, when the density increases by about 20%. The results are interpreted in terms of the barrier to the free rotation of the methoxy groups and a reduction in the free energy difference with pressure between the conformers with a large and a small dipole moment.


This paper aims at the global regularity problem concerning the 2D incompressible Boussinesq equations with general critical dissipation. The critical dissipation refers to $\alpha +\beta=1$ when $\Lambda^\alpha \equiv (-\Delta)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}$ and $\Lambda^\beta$ represent the fractional Laplacian dissipation in the velocity and the temperature equations, respectively. We establish the global regularity for the general case with $\alpha+\beta=1$ and $0.9132\approx \alpha_0<\alpha<1$. The cases when $\alpha=1$ and when $\alpha=0$ were previously resolved by Hmidi, Keraani and Rousset \cite{HKR1,HKR2}. The global existence and uniqueness is achieved here by exploiting the global regularity of a generalized critical surface quasi-gesotrophic equation as well as the regularity of a combined quantity of the vorticity and the temperature.


Currently the content and methods of basic computer courses teaching in college have been unable to fully meet the actual needs. A new teaching mode for Fundamentals of Computer is designed,based on the basis of The connotation of Computational Thinking and the Characteristic of MOOC. It can provide the support to the reform of Fundamentals of Computer,and the strategy of fostering applicative talents as well.


This paper aims to provide a short introduction into the world of so called masternode coins. Cryptocurrencies based on an incentivized node model that provides income to holders of cryptocurrency that run second tier nodes on the network.


In the actual context of worldwide scientific research for new solutions of power generation from renewable energy resources, IPA SA & associated companies run the CEEX/ MENER Project ENCONVEC. The projectpsilas main goal is a demonstration of technical solutions for implementation of renewable energy generators under specific Romanian geo-climate and socio-economic particularities. The present paper presents the project status regarding main objectives and research approaches focused on thermal and photovoltaic solar energy conversion, also considering wind, waves and biomass energy potentials. Besides that, it presents the main results related to the monitoring of the PV system, developed by IPA SA.


This paper proposes a review of the editions made in Gerona (1628) of Quevedo's Discurso de todos los diablos , in order to argue which one is the princeps . The writer´s personal circumstances at the end of 1628 and the beginning of 1629 – unattended by the most recent editors of this satire in their analysis of this question– seem to support the hypothesis that the first edition is the one that contains Cuento de cuentos in ten unnumbered pages at the end of the book (DG1 in the abbreviations used by Maranon Ripoll, C in the ones by Rey).


Wind power generation has the characteristics of intermittency and uncertainty. It is significant to predict intervals of short-term wind power precisely for optimizing the grid power system operation scheduling and reserve capacity. The paper proposed a simple short-term wind power intervals prediction model based on artificial bee colony-neural network (ABC-NN). A new criterion was developed in this method to get better prediction results. Then generalized morphological filter was applied in the de-noising of wind power time sequence by analyzing of wind power constitute components. The simulation results demonstrate that the new method has a better performance in wind power intervals prediction.


Zhang Zai's Xi Ming had far-reaching influence in Zhu Xi's thought process.From the early time of reading Xi Ming to the middle-aged period to complete the Note of Xi Ming as a series of interpretation,and then to the deathbed of the notes of Xi Ming to change,Zhu Xi'pious adherence was consistent from beginning to end.In this process,Zhu Xi left a large number of historical data to explain Xi Ming,from which we can see that Zhu Xi really pay attention to Xi Ming.Through this historical data,not only contribute to the understanding the Note of Xi Ming,understanding the problem of Xi Ming'spread version,on the basis of deepening of Xi Ming thought connotation understanding;and also that Zhu Xi'thought changes in the interpretation Xi Ming process,the development in depth understanding of Zhu Xi's thought,is also very helpful.


AN important activity in industrial manufacturing processors is that of taking the measurements of patterns, machine components, jigs and workpieces. Since a large number of measuring instruments and methods are avaialable for small objects they present no real problems. However when large items have to be measured, as is the case in aeronautical engineeing, shipbuilding, antenna construction, the erection of large machines in automotive engineering environments and in applications involving industrial robots, conventional methods are woefully inadequate. This inadequacy is due to the need to construct expensive measuring devices that are often inconvenient to use and that can be the cause of undesirable side‐effects (interference, work interruptions, deformations).


Interpreting is not only a timely cross-cultural activity,but also a complex information processing which is psychologically related with people's conceptual work.Memorization,an essential part of interpreting,is known as the "bottle-neck" for information processing.This paper aims to find some strategies of memorization based on the research on memory in psychology.


The following sections are included:Nigerian states rely much on federal government statutory allocations rather than their own internally generated revenue (IGR) to finance health care.Overall public health spending is low, as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) and as a share of total government expenditure. The health budget does not receive priority at all administrative levels. Further, budget execution rates remain a challenge at all administrative levels of the government and are highly dependent on revenues generated.Resources are not allocated efficiently. Most public health spending goes towards public hospitals. In contrast, public spending for primary health care (PHC) is relatively low, and primarily goes to cover staff remuneration.There is heavy reliance on off-budget sources to finance PHC. Public clinics rely heavily on off-budget sources, including household out-of- pocket spending and other donors to cover clinic non-salary recurrent spending, including essential drugs.Improved accountability and transparency would help in public financial management (PFM). PHC spending allocation and use could be improved through an effective PFM system, integrated health facility accounting systems, and capacity.A mechanism of strategic purchasing and costing of the PHC essential package could help governments allocate adequate resources for PHC, especially for non-salary recurrent spending.Policy on user fees needs to be reconsidered. This has implications on equity to access and use of PHC services.


Compaction circuits that have been used for mixed-signal systems testing constitute a part of encoding/decoding device for an arithmetic error-control code (ECC). These circuits are commonly referred to as residue computing circuits (RCCs). As ECCs originated primarily to protect data transfers over binary channels, their design methodology has been mostly oriented towards a binary case. A non-binary design technique has only been considered for a special type of compaction modulus. In this work, we consider a design technique for a multiple-bit arithmetic compaction circuit with an arbitrary compaction modulus. It is assumed that the data being compacted are fuzzy. This in turn distorts the result of compaction increasing the aliasing rate. Even though the fault free system's distortion is small, the compaction circuit may aggravate it beyond the acceptable levels making the method impractical. We design a low cost compactor that does not increase the distortion. The circuit can be used for off-line and on-line mixed-signal testing, as well as fault-tolerant data processing and noise-tolerant data transmission.


An Implementation of rapid PN code acquisition based on partial matched filter(PMF)bank and Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)is presented.The PMF Bank and the 128-point FFT are used for parallel acquisition in time domain and frequency domain respectively.The SRAM for coherent integration is replaced by the shifter which is smaller in area,and the working frequency of the FFT module is also lowered by utilizing the characteristic of the coherent integration times.The rapid Pseudo Noise(PN)code real-time acquisition circuit is implemented on A Filed Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)and synthesized using 0.18μm CMOS cell library.The max frequency of the circuit is 103MHz,and the scale of the circuit is 1.502 million transistors.The performance of the acquisition circuit equals to 0.131 million correlators in serial acquisition circuit.


Herein we report on the ability of H2-photoreduced TiO2 nanoparticles in catalyzing ethylene polymerization without the use of any alkylating agent. Even more, we demonstrate that the same reaction occurs directly on stoichiometric TiO2 in the presence of ethylene under UV-light irradiation at room temperature, thus without any pre-reduction step. The synergic use of electron paramagnetic resonance and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy allowed us to identify and correlate different Ti EPR signals and UV-Vis-NIR bands; while transmission FT-IR spectroscopy (applied under in situ UV-light irradiation) was fundamental to prove ethylene polymerization and to observe ethylene oxidation by-products. The possibility to easily polymerize ethylene in a one-step procedure can be a promising approach to increase the compatibility of TiO2 as inorganic additive for polyethylene blends. In the last decades nanostructured materials based on TiO2 have attracted increasing interest owing to the possible applications in environmental pollution remediation, photovoltaics and photocatalytic hydrogen generation. With respect to other semiconductors, TiO2 offers several advantages including low toxicity, chemical and thermal stability, low cost and high resistance to photo-corrosion. Compared to the applications based on the photocatalytic properties, the number of those taking advantage from the surface chemical properties of TiO2 is rather limited, in agreement with the stability of this oxide. For instance, despite the fact that most of the heterogeneous catalysts for olefins polymerization are based on supported Ti compounds, TiO2 is inert toward ethylene polymerization. In this context, however, some of us have recently succeeded in transforming TiO2 into a catalyst for ethylene polymerization, generating surface reduced Ti sites able to convert ethylene to polyethylene without the need of any activator. These sites were obtained treating TiO2 at high temperature (773 K) in H2, resulting in reduced materials characterized by both surface and bulk shallow-trap defect sites in analogy with the so-called "black titania". However the hard treatment in H2 at high temperature is not only expensive in terms of energy and time, but it can also induce an unwanted anatase-rutile conversion and morphological modifications. The challenge is now to join the potential of photo-activity of TiO2 with its ability to convert ethylene to polyethylene, operating the whole reaction in mild conditions. Interestingly, reduced species at the surface of oxides can be formed at room temperature in H2 atmosphere under UV illumination, but it has not yet been reported whether or not the reduced Ti species obtained in this way are able to polymerize ethylene. Even more appealing would be the photo-induction of ethylene polymerization on TiO2 at room temperature without any prereduction step, a strategy that could ensure evident advantages on the economy of the whole process. In this work we address both challenges by using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Diffuse Reflectance (DR) UVVis-NIR and transmission FT-IR spectroscopies as fundamental tools to observe the effects of UV-light irradiation on TiO2 in the presence of H2 and C2H4. The investigated sample was a TiO2 anatase obtained via sol-gel method, and the UV light irradiation was accomplished using a Newport 500 W Hg(Xe) arc lamp, equipped with a water filter to eliminate the infrared portion of the spectrum (more experimental details are given in Section S1 of the Supporting Information). Our first goal was to monitor the evolution of the properties of TiO2 when it is irradiated with UV-light at room temperature in H2 atmosphere (hereafter H2-photoreduced sample). According to previous studies, this procedure leads to H2 splitting and to the consequent formation of surface and sub-surface Ticenters. The EPR spectrum of the H2-photoreduced TiO2 sample (Figure 1A, red) is dominated by a broad absorption feature (gx= 1.9452 gy=1.918 and gz=1.875), assigned to Ti in a surface disordered environment and a second signal characterized by narrow lines and axial structure (g=1.992, g||=1.962), assigned to regular subsurface or bulk lattice Ti centers. The presence of these defective Ti sites is further confirmed by the DR UV-Vis-NIR spectrum (Figure 1B, red) characterized by a broad absorption in the 400-1700 nm region centered at 800 nm. The UV irradiation in H2 atmosphere induces also the growth of a broad absorption in the MIR region having a maximum at ca. 2000 cm (Figure 2A and S2, red traces), which is absent in the spectrum of stoichiometric TiO2 (black) and is ascribed to the presence of free conduction band electrons. A more detailed discussion of the reduction process is reported in Section S2 of the Supporting Information. As second step, we tested the reactivity of the H2-photoreduced sample towards ethylene at room temperature. Both EPR and DR UV-Vis-NIR spectra do not show significant changes at short contact times. A small increase in the overall spectral intensity is observed in both cases only after prolonged contact times (Figure 1, blue). Most probably, ethylene is slowly oxidized in a process involving surface O sites, generating further reduced Ti sites and oxidation products containing C=O groups (vide infra). Simultaneously, in the 2500-2000 nm NIR spectral region (Figure S3) three weak bands appear at 2305, 2355 and 2422 nm, ascribable to the combination of the ν(CH2) and δ(CH2) modes of polyethylene and thus testifying the occurrence of ethylene polymerization reaction. [a] Dr. C. Barzan, Dr. L. Mino, Dr. E. Morra, Prof. E. Groppo, Prof. M. Chiesa and Prof. G. Spoto. Department of Chemistry University of Torino Via Pietro Giuria 7 firstname.lastname@example.com Supporting information for this article is given via a link at the end of the document.


The number of smart home appliances that can be connected to the Internet grows every day. In this paper, we explore the potential of combining two emerging head-mounted interaction devices for intuitive control of these devices. Smart glasses are used to detect the object the user wants to control, and an EEG/EMG headset is used for triggering commands to the object of interest. We discuss the research and implementation challenges of identifying devices having the users visual attention and of mapping EEG/EMG headset output to device instructions. By exploiting the user context, we improve the responsiveness and precision of the user intent detection. Despite the enthusiastic reactions of the participants in a small user study, we have learned that the consumer-grade headsets available today present many shortcomings.


The generation of hydrogen from water and sunlight through photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) offers a promising approach for producing scalable and sustainable carbon-free energy. However, the design of high-performance PECs requires a detailed understanding of physicochemical properties of the interface between semiconductor photoelectrode materials and liquid water, which is often difficult to probe under operating conditions. In this presentation, we discuss how high-level first-principles simulations can be integrated with advanced experimental characterization techniques to unravel the key chemical and electronic properties of solid/liquid electrochemical interfaces. Specific discussion focuses on the combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) simulations and near-ambient-pressure XPS experiments for the identification of solid/liquid interfacial chemical composition and speciation. We also show how first-principles molecular dynamics simulations can be coupled to many-body perturbation theory to directly probe the link between interfacial electronic properties and local chemistry, which is necessary for devising meaningful strategies to improve PEC performance and durability. Finally, we illustrate the benefit of this combined approach towards insights into native oxide chemistry at prototypical InP/water and GaP/water interfaces. We show that GaP exhibits a larger water-induced band edge shift and a broader XPS spectrum than InP, which can be traced to fundamental differences in the surface oxide chemistry by direct comparison between simulations and experiments.This example suggests a more general roadmap for obtaining a realistic and reliable description of the chemistry of complex interfaces by combining state-of-the-art computational and experimental techniques.


The purpose of this study is to find out the strategy and communication model of techno-entrepreneurs or business actors in the field of start-up business in digital media. This research uses ethnomethodology method. Data analysis techniques are carried out through conversation analysis with the help of NVIVO 12 Software. The validity test of the data uses source and theory triangulation. The findings of this study cover two important aspects. The first communication strategy used in digital media management. Includes six things, namely management of communication, the use of communication channels, planning carried out by institutions, communication channels to drive the wheels of the organization, communication media used and who are the parties involved as communicators for both internal and external. The second finding is the factors that influence the formation of the strategy includes two aspects. First, it is the company's internal conditions. Digital-based business information must be supported by a combination of two core strengths. Those are professionals in information technology and professional management skills in the field of digital media. There are both relations with strong external parties. Business survival is determined by three important stakeholders. They are advertisers as sources of corporate income, sources as suppliers of production materials, and readers/subscribers as consumers.


We show that through an interdot off-site electron correlation in a double quantum-dot (DQD) device, Kondo resonances emerge in the local density of states without the electron spin-degree of freedom. We identify the physical mechanism behind this phenomenon: rather than forming a spin singlet in the device as required in the conventional Kondo physics, we found that exchange of electron position between the two quantum dots, together with the off-site Coulomb interaction, are sufficient to induce the Kondo resonance. Due to peculiar co-tunneling events, the Kondo resonance in one dot may be pinned at the chemical potential of the other one.


In order to depict the process of rock creep comprehensively,and overcome the deficiency of the linear Newton fluid which can not describe accelerated creep accurately,based on the mature rheological model,the nonlinear creep body model was introduced.In this model,the total creep strain before accelerated creep stage was defined as the characteristic length of creep,and the ratio of stress level and long-term strength of rock specimens was defined as accelerated creep rate.The improved rheological mechanics model was established that can describe the viscoelastic-plastic characteristics of accelerated creep.Combined with the uniaxial compression creep test under multi-step incremental cycling loading and unloading on the sandy shale from Dongxiang Copper Mine,the parameter identification of the mechanical model was explained,the experimental creep curve was compared with the creep fitted curve obtained by the model.The results show that the accelerate creep properties of rocks can be described effectively by this improved creep model.


With the advanced development of control / electrical components such as Drive Safety Support Systems or telematics services, more electronic products are required for use in automobiles, while the trend that appreciates low-fuelconsumption vehicles with clean energy requires quieter Electric Vehicle and Hybrid electric vehicle. Therefore, noise reduction for automotive electronic products, such as micromotors or inverters, are also required. Sumitomo Riko Co., Ltd. has developed and mass produced unique polyurethane foam with high thermostability / flame retardancy as a sound proofing product to be used primarily for automotive products since 1997. Polyurethane foam is a porous material consisting of a foam part called a cell and skeletal part around which forms a polymer structure. It is used in a wide range of fields as light weight and flexible material for noise absorbing / sound insulation. However, it was not able to be used for electronic products which generate Joule heat when powered, due to its poor radiation performance of porous structure. Figure 1 shows Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a model image of a cross section of polyurethane foam. The general method for improving the physical properties of polyurethane foam is chemical treatment, such as using a foam stabilizer to optimize the allocation design(1). Therefore, the properties, including thermal one, were only able to be changed in a limited area. As a countermeasure, we invented Magnetic Induction Foaming (MIF)*1 (2), (3) as a method of forming a new type of polyurethane foam which uses a magnetic field. This method enables changes of properties in fields not possible to change with chemical treatment. MIF has various possible applications, such as controlling mechanical physical properties by controlling cell structure(4) or improving noise absorbing property using with the In-Mold Coationg (IMC) method(5). Our intention, in developing this method, was to give radiation performance to polyurethane foam which is a heat insulation material. More specifically, we succeeded in forming a heat bridge by making magnetic heat conductive particles filled in a matrix formed by magnetic field orientation in an articulated structure to realize sound-proof polyurethane foam with higher radiation performance.


pursuing long-run economic and social reforms. Although cabinet instability is high in Italy, interparty competition is at an impasse and unable to break the hold of the DC and its clientelist factions. This book is not intended for a general audience, but there is little by way of new information, empirical testing of hypotheses, or methodological innovation that specialists can learn from it. Although Zuckerman acknowledges the limitations of his narrow focus (p. 181), his pursuit ofthe logical consequences of a thesis yields results that are not quite convincing. By basing his case on the structure of Italian politics, he overlooks the existence of clientelism in other factions and parties, downgrades the persistence of political culture and the role of other factors, and is forced to seek evidence in Japan and India for some of his conclusions.


ABSTRACT In present study, MIKE 11NAM rainfall runoff(R-R) and MIKE BASIN models were used to develop R–R relationship and to analyze the water availability status of the Shipra river basin under changing hydrological conditions. The model was developed using discharge data observed for 9 years at the Ujjain G/d site. The coefficient of determination(R 2) values for NAM R-R model calibration and validation were 0.685 and 0.642, respectively, indicating good agreement between the simulated and observed runoff. As the Shipra River is subjected to a number of hydrological interventions, the MIKE BASIN model was used to develop various scenarios to study the influence of river diversion, on-stream dam, river interlinking on water availability in different time-scale at desired locations. Scenario analysis of MIKEBASIN results indicated that the Khan diversion, which was executed to avoid entry of contaminated Khan river water into Shipra has reduced the water availability in the Shipra river. However, the simulation results indicated that the water availability in Shipra has been improved due to Narmada-Shipra link, a minimum of 1.7 m3/s flow is available at Ujjain even during the low-flow period. Gambhir reservoir was developed to evaluate how demand deficit can be fulfilled through proper reservoir operation during a drought period.


We study the interaction between a massless scalar fields and the spacetime generated by charged black hole surrounded by magnetic field. The equations of motion are written into a Heun form, and its analytical solutions are obtained. These solutions have an explicit dependence on the parameter of the magnetic field. We obtain the exact Hawking radiation spectrum, the regular partial wave scattering, and the resonant frequencies (quasispectrum) expression. The special case of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by magnetic field is analyzed and the solutions are shown.


The Internet has a profound influence on our civilized society. The form and characteristics of knowledge have changed obviously. The strategies and ways of learning knowledge should be improved. In the Internet era, new forms of education and new ecology of classroom have been produced. Teachers should transform their traditional roles in the process of education. In order to adapt to the new era, this paper puts forward the new orientation of teachers from many aspects: teachers are mentors of students, promoters of learning, participants and collaborators of process, learners of knowledge and researchers of teaching. In the era of AI, teachers must become designers and developers of modern curriculum, guides of students' all-round development, and supporters of students' emotions. Only by adjusting the role in time can teachers not be eliminated in the Internet and Intelligent era.


Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the comorbid psychiatric disorders, psychiatric signs and symptoms of the mother and family functionality in children with epilepsy, as well as to examine the relationship between the mentioned variables and quality of life.
Methods: The study was conducted with 31 children between the ages 8-11 with a diagnosis of epilepsy for at least 6 months and their mothers; and 30 healthy children of the similar age group and their mothers as the control group. Childhood Depression Inventory (CDI), Children State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-CH), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) was used for children in the Epilepsy and control groups, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Family Assessment Device (FAD) was used for mothers in both groups.
Results: According to the results of our study the CDI scores of children in the epilepsy group were found to be significantly higher than of those in the control group. No significant difference was found between both groups in terms of their STAI-CH scores, as well as in terms of total STAI and SCL-90-R scores of mothers in both groups. However, the Ange and Hostility subscale scores of mothers in the epilepsy group were found to be significantly higher than of those in the control group. In addition, the PedsQL total and subscale points of children in the epilepsy group were found to be significantly lower than of those in the control group. Finally, a negative correlation has been detected between the PedsQL scores of the epilepsy group and the children's CDI and STAI-CH scores, the STAI and SCL-90-R scores of the mothers and the FAD scores. Moreover, it was determined that the depression level of the children in the epilepsy group had a significant effect on the quality of life.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest a correlation between the quality of life in children with epilepsy and the psychiatric symptoms of children and mothers as well as family functionality.


An easy-to-implement and versatile method for computing the behaviour of an electron propagating in 2D periodic quantum structures has been introduced. Numerical results for various parameters of the problem has been presented. The resulting eigenvalues directly lead to the Brillouine dispersion diagrams of the periodic structures studied.


The sample datum in multidimensinal space are mapped to the two dimensional plane by a neural network. The contours of objective fuction are produced automatically on the plane, which completely reveals the characteristic and the shape of the operational space which sample datum cover. The optimal operational point or region on this mapping plane can be determined intuitively. An arbitrary point on the mapping plane may be reverted to original multi dimensional space by the algorthm of reversal mapping. This paper described briefly the basic principle of the method. The availability of the method was illustrated with the examples of the operational optimization. The results show that this novel method is superior to pattern recognition.


Who bears the responsibility for ensuring that graduates are prepared to enter the job market? This chapter explores the issues surrounding the employability of graduates.


Purpose: We have recently reported that TC1(C8orf4), a small protein present in vertebrates, functions as a novel regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. TC1 up-regulates β-catenin target genes that are implicated in the aggressive behavior of cancers. Our aim was to investigate the clinical and pathobiological relevance of TC1 in gastric cancer. Experimental Design: The expression of TC1 was analyzed using tissue microarray in correlation with clinicopathologic variables and β-catenin target genes in 299 gastric cancers. The biological effects of TC1 on Matrigel invasiveness and the proliferation of cancer cells were analyzed. TC1 expression was analyzed in gastric cancer cells after serial peritoneal implantation in nude mice. Results: TC1 expression was present in 111 carcinomas (37.1%), correlating with tumor stage (P < 0.002), poor differentiation (P < 0.001), lymphatic infiltration (P < 0.005), and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.006). TC1 also correlated with poor survival in diffuse type carcinomas (P < 0.0001), and even in patients with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0014). TC1 also correlated with the expression of β-catenin target genes including laminin γ2, metalloproteinase-7 and metalloproteinase-14, cyclin D1, c-Met, and CD44. TC1 enhanced Matrigel invasiveness and proliferation, supporting its role in the aggressive biological behavior of cancers. The expression of TC1 increased in MKN45 cells after serial peritoneal seeding in nude mice. Conclusions: Our data suggests that TC1 coordinates the up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes that are implicated in the aggressive biological behavior of cancers. The strong clinical relevance, even in patients with lymph node metastasis, suggested that TC1 could be a potential therapeutic target of advanced gastric cancers.


Eight novel N′-tertbutylaminocarbonyl-N-5-substitutedphenyl-2-furylformylthiourea derivatives were synthesized by taking active group 5-substitutedphenyl furan and tert-butylamino into the acylthiourea. Their structures were elucidated and confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H NMR. The inhibitory rate of cellular growth of K562 cells was measured via MTT assay. The results indicated that the title compounds have some effects on the cellular growth inhibition to K562 cells of leukemia.


INTRODUCTION Laser machining is expected that it fabricate a 3D microstructure in transparent material without bonding. The microstructures in glass materials are required for optical waveguides and micro fluidic chips. In laser micromachining for glass, a specific laser which is a very short pulse laser (i.e. femto-second laser [1][2]) is often used for machining the glass without cracks. In other methods, use of absorbent materials and high processable glass materials as work pieces are also effective for non-crack machining. Especially, a method of machining by femtosecond laser [3] and machining with absorbent materials are suited for micromachining in glass materials. This is because selective laser absorption in glass materials is required. In femto-second laser machining, it is possible to absorb the laser beam selectively by nonlinear absorption. In machining with absorbent materials, the laser beam is absorbed at the interface between glass and absorbent materials, and only a part of glass contacted with the absorbent is removed. It is possible to machine the glass even by nano-second laser, which is less expensive than femto-second laser. Therefore, the authors investigated the method of machining the microchannel in silica glass with absorbent materials by UV nano-second pulsed laser. In this method, the liquid-like absorbent is required for continuous supply of absorbent and evacuation of the debris. As a method of machining glass with liquid absorbent, LIBWE (Laser-Induced Backside Wet Etching) method was reported [4]. However, in LIBWE method, the high concentrated organic solution is used as the absorbent material. In this research, it is proposed the method of machining in glass materials with absorbent slurry which is water including metal-oxide nanoparticles as absorbent instead of harmful organic solution.


Enterprises often face the problem of whether or not implementing 6σ management can increase the economic benefits of enterprises.This paper evaluates the feasibility of implementing 6σ management from two aspects of cost and benefit caused by implementing 6σ management.


ABSTRACT The South African government acknowledges that services could become a major driver of economic growth and has called for the development of a comprehensive strategic framework and action plan for the export development and promotion of South Africa's service sectors. This article contributes to this goal by proposing a broad strategic framework to help leverage the power of services, particularly services exports. Based on a study of South Africa's services trade and the nature of the services economy in the country, the article offers policy advice for the key stakeholders in the country's services network. It also offers insights for other developing countries that are grappling with the challenge of developing their services sector as a way of diversifying their economies and finding new forms of competitive advantage.


Design patterns are tools to support social creativity in that they allow communities of designers to make available knowledge related to design experiences, such as problems, solutions and design decisions. Identifying design patterns is a process known as design pattern mining. This paper describes one of the techniques used throughout a series of design workshops held for identifying design patterns in the design of software applications for synchronous collaboration. The paper describes the way the technique was applied in concrete design cases, and its influence on the results obtained throughout the workshops. Results indicate that the use of scenario-base design supports the exploration of the design space of the application under design. This allows the generation of a larger number of scenario ideas to support the design pattern mining process.


Extended Abstract Nanocrystalline ceramics have great potential for applications in electronics, sensors and energy-related areas due to their remarkable functional properties. However, only doped, co-doped and binary ceramics have been extensively studied, while the area of equimolar, multicomponent ceramics has been a largely unexplored field until recently [1]–[3]. In this investigation, a multicomponent nanocrystalline ceramic oxide, (Co,Cu,Mg,Ni,Zn)O, was synthesised with the primary intention of studying the type and stability of the phases formed with systematically varying zinc oxide content. The individual components were selected on the basis of Pauling's rules in order to maximise the probability of single phase formation. All these elements have a +2 oxidation state in their stable oxide form. While the oxides of cobalt, magnesium and nickel have a stable rocksalt crystal structure, zinc oxide stabilizes in the wurzite structure and copper has a stable monoclinic structure (a distorted rocksalt structure, due to the Jahn-Teller effect). Therefore, it could be expected that copper and zinc would distribute themselves in the stable lattice structure of the other rocksalt oxides and form a solid solution within the 5 component system, even though it has been reported that in the binary (Ni,Cu)O system, the dominant Jahn-Teller effect leads to the formation of a distorted cubic structure [4]. Based on this premise, a bottom-up, nebulised spray pyrolysis (NSP) approach was selected for synthesis. NSP is a relatively rapid process with adequate residence time which yields clean and stable equilibrium (or near-equilibrium) phases of the product. The process is also industrially scalable. Nitrates of the selected cations were used as precursors and the individual precursor quantities were adjusted in order to maintain the requisite final compositions with de-ionised water as the solvent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the as-synthesized powders confirmed the presence of single phase cubic rocksalt structure in the fm3̅m space group for all the compositions. The variation of the synthesis temperature shows a decreasing trend from 1400 C to 1100 C for uniform increase in the concentration of ZnO from 4% to equimolar composition because of increasing configurational entropy towards equimolar concentrations. This observation could be also due to the decrease in Jahn-Teller effect with decrease in CuO concentration. The crystallite size calculated using Scherrer formula shows a decrease from 48 nm for 4% ZnO to 20 nm for 20% ZnO in a linear fashion since ZnO has a different crystal structure, necessitating more energy requirement to dissolve ZnO in rocksalt lattice leaving lesser energy for crystallite growth. Also with increasing ZnO concentration, its dissimilar crystal structure hinders the diffusion of isostructured components leading to lesser crystallite growth.[5]. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the particles to have broken shell like morphology and energy dispersive spectroscopy associated with the SEM confirmed the composition.


Abstract IDEAS (IDEntification and Analysis of Sensitivity) is a Matlab toolbox that automatically estimates parameters of ODE models and assesses their uncertainty, via a symbolic computation of the sensitivity functions. The use of the toolbox is illustrated on a real-life biological model, in the field of microbiology. IDEAS helped improving the model structure, by revealing a lack of practical identifiability that may have not been noticed otherwise.


Precipitation simulation for making the data size larger is an important task for hydrologic analysis. The simulation can be divided into two major categories which are the parametric and nonparametric methods. Also, precipitation simulation depends on time intervals such as daily or hourly rainfall simulations. So far, Markov model is the most favored method for daily precipitation simulation. However, most models are consist of state transition probability by using the homogeneous Markov chain model. In order to make a state vector, the small size of data brings difficulties, and also the assumption of homogeneousness among the state vector in a month causes problems. In other words, the process of daily precipitation mechanism is nonstationary. In order to overcome these problems, this paper focused on the nonparametric method by using uni-variate and multi-variate when simulating a precipitation instead of currently used parametric method.ጊ缀Ѐ㘰〻Ԁ䭃䑎䷙᜙Ⴇ


A method for providing traffic congestion tendency information is provided to enable communication information receiver terminals to detect and analyze traffic information broadcasting signals by standardizing the traffic information broadcasting signals. Traffic data including a first identifier, traffic congestion tendency information on a specific section, and a position information related to the specific section, is received. Traffic congestion tendency estimation information is generated based on the information included in the received traffic data. The position information is determined based on the information included in the traffic data corresponding to the position related to the specific section. The traffic information is recognized based on the determined position information and the traffic congestion tendency estimation information.


This is a preliminary paper that attempts to set out the conceptual framework on intergenerational transfers and outline the relationship between financial satisfaction and wealth transfers decision among the older persons. It combines the concepts of resource transfers (which is made up of time transfers and financial transfers) and financial satisfaction. The paper maps the basic theories surrounding the concepts of resource transfers and financial satisfaction, and postulates that there may exist interdependencies between time transfers, financial transfers and financial satisfaction. A preliminary pilot test was also conducted to evaluate the hypotheses set out, as an initial ground work towards the study of the overall framework.


The invention provides a production method of a low-sugar low-temperature fermented live-bacterium probiotic beverage, which adopts skim antibiotic-free milk powder, xylo-oligosaccharides, SR healthy sugar, and glucose as raw materials; and the tasty refreshing low-temperature fermented live-bacterium low-sugar probiotic beverage is prepared based on a Maillard reaction and low temperature fermentation technology. The process comprises the following steps: hydrating 12.5% of skim antibiotic-free milk powder with purified water at 55-65 DEG C, performing filtration, heating, homogenization and sterilization; adding a reducing agent of a glucose solution, performing a Maillard reaction; filtering to obtain an extract, rapidly cooling, adding bacterial strains, performing low-temperature fermentation at 36-42 DEG C, treating the fermented milk, treating xylo-oligosaccharides and pectin; well mixing the fermented milk and the treated colloid, adding diluted sodium citrate and lactic acid liquid, adding plant extracted essential oil of lemon oil and sweet orange oil, performing homogenization, sterilization, and aseptic low-temperature cold filling so as to obtain the tasty refreshing low-temperature fermented live-bacterium low-sugar probiotic beverage.


High pulse energy, near-IR supercontinuum radiation is generated in a single-mode fibre. The supercontinuum pulses are dispersed to generate a rapid wavelength sweep, and employed to carry out broadband, real-time absorption measurements in gas samples.


A $\ensuremath{\rho}+{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ Regge-pole model in which the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is an $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-type or nonconspiring trajectory is investigated. It is found to agree with present charge-exchange data and certain superconvergent sum rules. Present polarization measurements are not accurate enough to constrain all the Regge parameters, and a range of solutions emerges consistent with the data.


Polycrystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) is one of the important materials as transparent conducting oxide layer in thin film solar cells, digital displays and other similar applications. In this study, ITO films were deposited onto float glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering method at different substrate temperatures (50–175°C) with discharge power of 60 W and work pressure of 0.25 Pa. The ITO films were characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope analysis, optical and electrical measurement. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the ITO films show a strong dependence on the substrate temperatures. The structural and electrical measurement results indicate that the donor impurities are due to the substitution of Sn into In sites, which causes an expansion of the lattice. As the temperature is increased from 50 to 175°C, the preferred crystal orientation changes from [222] to [100], the transmittance in the visible wave band is beyond 80%, and the electrical resistivity decreases to 7.32×10−4 Ω.cm at 175°C substrate temperature. However, the optical bandgap is slightly increasing with the increasing of the substrate temperature.


The continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) was introduced to clinical application in acute renal failure. Recently its therapeutic range is already spread to full field of critical medicine and it becomes an important component in critical nephropathy therapies. The indications of CRRT in critical ill patients without renal involvement ig. systemic inflammatory response syndrome, acute necrotic pancreatitis, acute lung injury, fulminant liver failure and congestive heart failure were reviewed.


At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, along with myriad other foundational changes taking place in China, attitudes to the role and significance of women and animals were also changing. This evolution is apparent in the artistic realm where both had featured in imperial-era Chinese art for centuries and continued to appear in the new Republic after 1911. This article examines animals and their paired depiction with women within one genre of art – the Baimei tu (One hundred beauties) – as it evolved from the late 1800s until the end of the 1910s. An examination of the works of leading commercial artists of this form reveals the importance of animals in the creation of a gendered modernity for China's Republic – one that established a clear hierarchy of men over women. This article argues that the species-ist othering of animals was integral to the othering of women in the early Republican world of commercial art. It contributes to the literature on human-animal studies that shows the links between species-ism and sexism through the identical processes of variously othering animals and women. Identifying animals and women as special and different, reinforces a species hierarchy that places humans above other animals and a sex hierarchy that places men above women.


Introduction: Anxiety and fatigue have been reported by women undergoing cytotoxic and endocrine treatment (tx) for breast cancer and can have lasting effects on quality of life (QoL). The differential effects of menopausal (meno) status, tx allocation and duration of symptoms are not well established.
 Methods: Participants (pts) with hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative breast cancer with 1-3 positive lymph nodes and an Oncotype DX recurrence score of 0-25 enrolled in the RxPONDER trial were randomly assigned to endocrine therapy (ET) alone vs chemotherapy followed by ET (CET). A subset of English speaking pts in the US at the start of the trial were invited to complete health-related QoL (HRQoL) questionnaires shortly after randomization (baseline; BL) and 6, 12, and 36 months after BL until accrual goal reached. BL surveys were completed in clinic; cognitive function results presented separately. Standardized T scores (mean 50; SD 10) were computed for anxiety (PROMIS Emotional Distress – Anxiety Short Form 7a) and fatigue (PROMIS Fatigue Short Form 7a). Higher T scores indicate more anxiety or fatigue. The primary endpoint of this exploratory analysis was to compare mean anxiety and fatigue T score by tx arm by meno status. Separately by meno status, a GEE model was fit to the three follow-up timepoints adjusting for BL to estimate the difference between tx arms and whether there was a time trend over the three follow-up measures.
 Results: The accrual exceeded the goal of 500 pts with 74% of pts participating voluntarily until the QOL invitation was removed from the protocol (12/1/12). A total of 139 pre and 432 postmenopausal pts completed the anxiety questionnaire at BL. There was no difference in anxiety between tx arms [Table 1]. Mean anxiety score difference between CET and ET over time in the premenopausal cohort was -0.63 (p=0.63) and in the postmenopausal cohort was 0.59 (p=0.45). Although anxiety scores decreased over the three follow-up times, the change was not statistically significant.
 A total of 139 pre and 429 postmenopausal pts completed the fatigue questionnaire at BL. Fatigue mean T scores in both the pre and postmenopausal cohorts were higher over time in the CET vs ET arm [Table 2]. Fatigue scores were 2.85 points higher for CET vs. ET over time in the premenopausal cohort (p=0.02) and 1.82 points higher in the postmenopausal cohort (p=0.007). Fatigue scores decreased over time for premenopausal (p=0.01), but not for postmenopausal (p=0.62) pts.
 Dropoff occurred over time with 79%, 76%, 60% of pts at BL participating at 6, 12, and 36 months. Endocrine treatment adherence data are not yet available at each timepoint.
 Conclusions: CET had a clinically significant negative effect on mean fatigue scores compared to ET alone in both pre and postmenopausal pts over time. Scores improved over time but did not return to BL. Pts had lower mean anxiety scores during tx compared to BL, but differences in scores between CET and ET groups out to 3 years did not significantly differ. Future therapeutic studies must continue to include HRQoL assessments to broaden our understanding of the full impact of chemotherapy and for the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies to manage these toxicities.
 Table 1. Comparisons of mean Anxiety score by treatment arm and menopausal status.
 Table 2. Comparisons of mean Fatigue score by treatment arm and menopausal status.
 Citation Format: Michelle M. Loch, Jamie K. Forschmiedt, Irene M. Kang, Julie R. Gralow, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Kathy S. Albain, Daniel F. Hayes, Nancy U. Lin, Edith A. Perez, Lori J. Goldstein, Priya Rastogi, Anne F. Schott, Steven Shak, Priyanka Sharma, Danika L. Lew, Jieling Miao, William E. Barlow, Debu Tripathy, Lajos Pusztai, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Kevin Kalinsky, N. Lynn Henry. Patient-reported anxiety and fatigue in women enrolled in the RxPONDER trial (SWOG S1007) by menopausal status [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-05-06.


The interfacial tension γ between the coexisting isotropic and nematic phases of toluene solutions of poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) (PHIC) was determined as a function of the molecular weight of PHIC by the pendant drop method. The value of γ was almost independent of the molecular weight, in contrast to the theoretical prediction for rodlike polymer solutions that γ should be inversely proportional to the polymer molecular weight. This is consistent with the disagreement between rod theories and experiment with respect to the isotropic-nematic binodal concentrations of PHIC solutions and implies the importance of the chain-flexibility effect on γ in the solutions.


A method for enhancing a depth image of a scene is provided and includes calculating an enhanced depth image by blending a first filtered depth image with a second filtered depth image or with the original depth image. The blending is achieved by application of a blending map, which defines, for each pixel, a contribution to the enhanced depth image of the corresponding pixel of the first filtered depth image and of the corresponding pixel of either the second filtered depth image or the original depth image. For pixels in the depth image containing no depth value or an invalid depth value, the blending map defines a zero contribution of the corresponding pixel of the second filtered depth image and a 100% contribution of the corresponding pixel of the first filtered image.


This article presents the application of a data-driven control design to the output voltage regulation of dc–dc converters. Using only data collected on the plant, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is designed in order to achieve a desired closed-loop response, without deriving a mathematical model for the plant. Since an inverse response is typical on voltage signals of different dc–dc converters, the virtual reference feedback tuning (VRFT) method with flexible criterion is applied to estimate the controller gains, so the limitation due to the nonminimum phase zero, if it exists, is taken into account by the algorithm. We present appropriate choices for data collection, controller structure, and reference model definition in order to safely apply the VRFT method to design a controller for dc–dc converters. A practical application on a boost converter shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.


MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. Educational Assessment; Educational Change; Elementary Education; Elementary School Teachers; Knowledge Level; Mathematics Curriculum; *Mathematics Instruction; Mathematics Tests; *Portfolios (Background Materials); *Problem Solving; State Programs; *Student Evaluation; *Teacher Attitudes; Teaching Methods; Test Construction; Testing Programs; 'Word Problems (Mathematics); Writing Evaluation Performance Based Evaluation; *Vermont For the past five years, Vermont has been developing an innovative statewide assessment system in which portfolios of student work in mathematics and writing are a key element. The use of mathematic's portfolios, particularly in elementary school, is a novel aspectof the assessment system. This study examines the elementary school mathematics portfolio assessment and its instructional impact by exploring the conceptions of problem solving, the knowledge' of problem-solving strategies, the evaluation of problem-solving tasks, and the instructional practicfg of 20 fourth-grade teachers. Teachers indicated that the portfolio assessment program has enhanced their understanding of mathematical problem solving and broadened their instructional practices, but that they have encountered difficulty in understanding certain components of the reform and making the relevant changes. Teachers did not share a common understanding of mathematical problem solving or agree on skills that students should master. Eight figures and three tables present study findings. (Contains 13 references.) (SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ****************.-******************************************************


The somewhat prolix discussion of the various ties occasionally produces a noteworthy, or at least novel, point. For example, the "haves" in underdeveloped countries often show important links with the "haves" in advanced countries, but the same is not true for the "have-nots" in the two kinds of countries (pp. 139-41). For another, ideologies of the great powers influence those in smaller states, but not the other way around. Singer stresses the vital influence of education, and in this discussion states that "in 1963 the United States was the country to which almost forty per cent of the independent countries of the world sent most of their overseas students for study" (p. 162). The author points out the implications that their relatively meager sources of information have for weaker states. When a weak state reacts against a perceptual "mentor," it often turns to another, thus not diminishing its dependency (p. 177), and the same holds true for economic ties (p. 226). In discussing foreign direct investment, Singer states that what began "as a mutually advantageous economic relationship also often takes on, by its very success, highly political overtones" (p. 265). He makes a distinction between "perceived political influence" and "actual political influence," suggesting that decision makers in a weaker state, without basis in fact, behave as though they thought the greater power was almost omnipotent (p. 314).


This commentary offers a set of sympathetic reflections on Noel Castree's recent interventions on geography, the environmental humanities and the Anthropocene. Whilst largely endorsing Castree's exhortation that geographers engage analytically and institutionally with debates about the Anthropocene, the commentary sets out three limits to Castree's argument. The first is that in directing his argument towards a critically engaged geography, Castree misses an opportunity to draw attention to the way that power shapes institutional formation. The second asks after the kind of politics that Castree seeks to inaugurate through his work on the Anthropocene. And the last asks whether reason and debate are sufficient conditions for social transformation in light of recent interventions on affect and the non-conscious.


The Montreal Children's Hospital psychiatric in-patient unit for emotionally disturbed children is a short-term diagnostic and treatment center where emphasis is placed on a collaborative team approach to treatment. In his average three to six month stay on the ward, the disturbed child experiences contact with members of the various disciplines in the milieu ; nurse, child care worker, remedial teacher, social worker, psychologist, psychiatrist, and occupational therapist.' All members of the team are involved in contributing to the diagnostic formulation and treatment program for the child. The occupational therapist brings to the diagnostic and treatment procedures her knowledge of psychopathology and normal growth and development, and her particular skill in adapting activities to the treatment of disturbed children. The role of the occupational therapist on this unit includes the co-ordination and planning of the total ward program in co-operation with the head nurse. Ward rounds are held twice weekly. During those rounds, staff members discuss their observations about the children in the different areas of the milieu, thus enabling them to work with the children in a dynamic and meaningful way. Throughout the period of the child's stay on the ward, parents are offered the opportunity to learn how to cope with the problems their child presents and to gain insight into why he may be behaving in that manner. This paper illustrates the integration of occupational therapy in the therapeutic milieu' for emotionally disturbed children through the description of the treatment of a child admitted to the ward with the presenting symptoms of enuresis, encopresis and learning difficulties in school.


To maintain hemodynamic parameters and rapid emergence is a challenge for anaesthesiologist in emerging era of early recovery. The aim of this study was to assess recovery characteristics of propofol and sevoflurane for induction as well as maintenance of anaesthesia in short surgical procedures. Sixty patients were assigned randomly into two groups. Group P patients were induced with 2mg/kg propofol intravenously followed by infusion of 12mg/kg/hr for 10mins, 10mg/kg/hr for 20 mins and 8mg/kg/hr till end of procedure. Group S patients were induced with 8% sevoflurane in 4L/min nitrous oxide and 2L/min oxygen mixture and maintained with 3.5% sevoflurane with spontaneous breathing. LMA was inserted in all patients. LMA insertion time and insertion attempt were observed. Time from end of procedure to first spontaneous movement, spontaneous eye opening, removal of LMA, followed verbal commands and became fully oriented to time and place, time to achieve Aldrete score ≥9 (phase I recovery) and time to achieve PADSS score ≥9(phase II recovery) were noted. Phase 1 recovery time was less in sevoflurane group as compared to propofol group. Phase 2 recovery time was less in propofol group as compared to sevoflurane group. They were statistically significant. Incidence of both nausea and vomiting was significantly higher in the sevoflurane group. We concluded that sevoflurane provides rapid induction with LMA insertion condition comparable with propofol. Sevoflurane provides early phase I recovery where as home readiness is early with propofol. Sevoflurane can be a suitable alternative to propofol for induction and maintenance.


Hypersexual behavior can have a devastating impact on attachments between partners in committed couple relationships. An array of emotions is activated by these attachment ruptures, including feelings of betrayal, confusion, frustration, hopelessness, and abandonment. Repairing these ruptures can be a delicate and challenging part of helping couples restore trust and forgiveness in their relationships. This article describes the process of using Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples as an intervention to facilitate the process of repairing the damage caused by hypersexual behavior.


The main aims of this survey mission in Tanzania and Kenya were: 1. Estimate coconut Lethal Yellowing incidence in those two countries; 2. Assess the possibility of working together with the different institutes in those two countries. (Resume d'auteur)


THE AUTHORS DESCRIBE STUDIES CARRIED OUT TO IDENTIFY THE MINERALOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES WHICH INFLUENCE THE PSV OF BLAST FURNACE SLAG ROADSTONE WITH A VIEW TO IMPROVING THE PSV OF SLAG WITHOUT CAUSING DETERIORATION IN WEAR RESISTANCE. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN THE SLAG HAVE DIFFERING PSV, AND THAT PSV OF SLAG DEPENDS PREDOMINANTLY ON CRYSTALLINE TEXTURE AND POROSITY. IT WAS ESTABLISHED THAT BOTH INCREASED CRYSTAL SIZE AND INCREASED POROSITY IMPROVE THE PSV OF BLAST FURNACE SLAG BUT LARGE POROSITY DEGRADED THE WEARING PROPERTIES OF THE AGGREGATE AND WOULD HAVE RESULTED IN A SHORTENED USEFUL LIFE AS A ROADSTONE. INCREASING THE SIZE OF THE CRYSTALS IN BLAST FURNACE SLAG PROVED TO BE A PRACTICABLE WAY OF IMPROVING ITS PSV. THIS DESIRED CHANGE IN CRYSTAL DIMENSIONS WAS ACHIEVED BY PLANNED HEAT TREATMENTS. THE HEAT TREATMENT PRODUCED SOME CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL PHASE ASSEMBLAGE OF THE SLAGS AND THESE HAD A MINOR EFFECT ON PSV. WHERE THESE CHANGES WERE ACCOMPANIED BY AN INCREASE IN THE RANGE OF MICROHARDNESS THE PSV WAS ALSO INCREASED. THE BEST IMPROVEMENT IN THE PSV OF SLAGS WAS OF THE ORDER OF 10 UNITS. THE INFLUENCE OF CRYSTAL SIZE WAS FURTHER DEMONSTRATED BY ACHIEVING A 10 UNIT DECREASE IN THE PSV OF SLAGS BY MEANS OF A HEAT TREATMENT WHICH LED TO CRYSTALS MUCH SMALLER THAN THOSE PRESENT INITIALLY. A QUANTITY OF ONE SLAG HAS BEEN HEAT TREATED TO IMPROVE ITS PSV AND ROAD TESTED FOR SKID RESISTANCE WITH SATISFACTORY RESULTS.


ii Declaration I declare that the work described in this dissertation is, except where otherwise stated, entirely my own work and has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or any other university. iii Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the help of all of the following people without whose assistance this project would never have succeeded. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Vinny Cahill whose excellent guidance kept me on the straight and narrow. Brendan O'Brien and Dave Traynor from the SCATS Development Unit in Dublin Corporation have my eternal gratitude for willingly sharing their expertise in SCATS and all things traffic and canteen related. A special word of thanks also goes to Ms. Orla Powers, a Corporation summer student, who got stuck with the unenviable task of filling out the project's two thousand-line configuration file. I would also like to thank the M.Sc. class of 2000 for their great friendship and help throughout the year. Finally I would like to thank my family for their constant love and support. Abstract Many large-scale and highly specialised distributed systems such as Urban Traffic Control (UTC) systems produce considerable quantities of data on a real-time basis. This data is then frequently locked in a proprietary format that makes it difficult to utilise for external purposes such as historical data analysis or additional end-user applications. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the techniques and issues involved in extracting, processing and presenting such large quantities of data to a variety of end-user applications in a meaningful and scalable fashion. In order to gain further insights into this subject it was decided to develop an end-user interface for a real-life example of a large-scale distributed system that produces high volumes of data. The example chosen was SCATS, the city of Dublin's UTC system. This system measures the traffic flows passing through several hundred junctions around the city and automatically adjusts the timing of the each intersection's traffic lights on a minute-by-minute basis. Three central issues present themselves in this project. The first of these is the question of how to extract data from a proprietary system and convert it into a format that can be universally read and understood. The second issue is how an algorithm can be created that takes the available data and generates a meaningful measure of road traffic congestion …


In Reply .—I am sorry that Mcintyre considers my statement a slur. It was not intended to be derogatory. He states that we all offer unique care to children; this is what I meant. Even within specialties, different individuals have different strengths and training backgrounds. I am comfortable with my role as a pediatrician and with the unique contribution I make to the care of patients. I hope McIntyre is not insecure with his role as a family practitioner in his community.


In this paper we modify Einstein's field equations, and write down the cosmological term and the metric tensor as an energy momentum tensor of space-time,and interpret space-time as a form of energy, not vacuum energy as such.The energy momentum tensor of space-time has equivalents of both mass and pressure components.The acceleration of the universe, Dark Energy and Dark Matter are explained in terms of the energy momentum tensor of space-time.


This paper addresses the problem of estimating the waves run up for a large semi-submersible production platform. Significant run-up evaluations on its squared-section columns were observed for the waves in operating design displacement. Some seed numbers generated JONSWAP waves in tank were used, and are generally regarded as a pure randomness in nature. Some identical sequences of relatively waves run up were found apart from one another for different seeds. This finding supports the recurrence of waves run up for the large semisubmersible platform.


Electro-optic properties of new liquid crystalline polymers exhibiting a ferroelectric phase over a wide range of temperature are reported. The materials exhibit bistable electro-optic switching in the smectic C* phase and a pronounced linear electroclinic effect in the smectic A phase. The response times are very fast, of the order of 100 microseconds.


Objective
To investigate the clinical efficacy of closed percutaneous reduction by leverage and Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of irreducible phalangeal neck fractures in children.

Methods
From January 2016 to March 2019, 12 children with irreducible phalangeal neck fractures ware treated. The time from injury to operation was 1 to 46 days, including 5 cases of old fracture. Closed Kirschner wire puncture was used to clear callus and closed percutaneous reduction by leverage and Kirschner wire fixation were performed. The fracture healing time of the children was followed up after operation. Total active motion (TAM) system was used to evaluate the recovery of finger function.

Results
All the operations were completed successfully, and no infection, skin necrosis and fracture malunion occurred. All the children were follow-up for 6 to 36 months, with an average of 15.3 months. The fracture healing time was (4.2±0.2) weeks. The Kirschner wire was removed and functional exercises were performed 4 weeks after operation. The finger joint function was evaluated as excellent according to TAM system.

Conclusion
Closed percutaneous reduction by leverage and Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of irreducible phalangeal neck fractures in children has the advantages of simple operation, less trauma and definite curative effect. It is necessary to strictly grasp the operative indications for old fracture.

Key words:
Finger phalanges; Fractures,bone; Fracture fixation; Kirschner wire


The invention discloses a herringbone gear and a special assembly measuring tool thereof, as well as a machining and assembly method of the herringbone gear. The herringbone gear comprises a first helical gear and a second helical gear, the first helical gear is fixedly connected with the second helical gear by a fastener, the first helical gear is provided with a shoulder or a rabbet, the second helical gear is provided with a rabbet or a shoulder which is correspondingly matched with the shoulder or the rabbet of the first helical gear, the shoulder or the rabbet of the first helical gear is matched and positioned with the rabbet or the shoulder of the second helical gear, and a middle groove is arranged between the first helical gear and the second helical gear; and the special assembly measuring tool of the herringbone gear comprises a base seat, a chock and a positioning ball. The herringbone gear has compact structure, is convenient for assembly and can shorten the assembly time; as the special assembly measuring tool is adopted in the assembly method of the herringbone gear, the herringbone gear has simple assembly process and high assembly precision without needing manual marking, and is suitable for batch production.


The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method was used to simulate microbackward-facing step flows in both slip and transition flow regimes. A DSMC code was developed and validated with microchannel flows. The effects of Kn number in flow characteristics were analyzed in detail. It was found that the phenomena of flow separation, recirculation, and reattachment will disappear as Kn number exceeds 0.1. A significant jump of pressure and velocity behind the step was observed in the transition flow regime. The effect of the compressibility is also discussed. The compressibility has significant effect on flow characteristics in the slip flow regime but would be negated by the rarefaction in the transition flow regime.


It is difficult for surgeons to make the decision on which design or material to use given multiple available options for total knee arthroplasty. Due to the complex interaction of soft tissue, implant position, patient anatomy, and kinematic demands of the patient, the prosthetic design of a knee device has traditionally been more important than materials. The purpose of this study was to examine the overall influence of both implant design and materials on volumetric wear rates in an in vitro knee simulator study for two knee designs. Two different designs (single radius and J-curve) with two highly crosslinked materials (Sequentially crosslinked and annealed PE (X3®, Stryker Orthopaedics, Mahwah, NJ) (7.5 kGy moderately crosslinked UHMWPE (XLPE, Smith and Nephew, Memphis, TN)) were evaluated. The two designs tested were the Triathlon® CR knee system (single radius design)(Stryker Orthopaedics, Mahwah, NJ) and the Legion™ Oxinium® CR knee system (J-curve design) (Verilast™, Smith and Nephew, Memphis, TN). Three inserts per condition were tested in this study. This comparison incorporates the effects of both materials and designs: different femoral component materials, different tibial bearing materials, and implant geometry (J-curve vs. single radius saggital profile). All devices were tested under ISO 14243-3 normal walking using an MTS knee simulator for a total of 5 million cycles. Standard test protocols were used for cleaning, weighing and assessing the wear loss of the tibial inserts (ASTM F2025). Soak control specimens were used to correct for fluid absorption with weight loss data converted to volumetric data (by material density). Statistical analysis was performed using the Student9s t-test. Total volume loss results are shown in Figure 1. Test results show a 36% reduction (p Results indicate superior wear resistance for the single radius system. This finding indicates that a combination of implant design and prosthesis material plays a significant role in knee wear rates. The in vitro low volumetric wear observed in the single-radius prosthesis could theoretically influence long term survivorship in vivo , and supports the potential for improved durability and long term wear performance for this design when compared to a J-curved femoral component. Longer term clinical evidence such as published studies or outcomes reported in the available joint registries will be needed to establish whether any material or design can achieve a 30-year or longer outcome.


The clinical application of therapeutic protocols depending on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation for long term reconstitution with donor-derived HSCs, particularly in patients previously exposed to intensive radiation or chemo-therapy, or when grafts are purged of infiltrating malignant or alloreactive T cells, can be severely hampered by limited numbers of HSCs in the graft. In mouse bone marrow transplantation models, engineered overexpression of HOXB4 has been one of the most potent stimulator of HSC expansion identified to date. The simple addition of soluble recombinant TAT-HOXB4 protein was also recently reported to enable rapid in vitro expansion of mouse HSCs that retain their in vivo proliferation and differentiation capacity. To test the feasibility of using TAT-HOXB4 as a stimulator of human HSC expansion, we performed a series of experiments using CD34+ populations isolated from healthy volunteers. The CD34 + cell populations were cultured in X-Vivo medium supplemented with Stem Cell Factor (300 ng/mL) and G-CSF (50 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of TAT-HOXB4 protein (50 nmol/L) for 4 days. In response to TAT-HOXB4, total numbers of mononuclear cells demonstrated a modest but distinct 2-fold increase compared to controls. TAT-HOXB4 treatment had the largest proliferation enhancing effect on more primitive cell populations such as CFU-GEMM, BFU-E and BFU-Meg, whose numbers increased 26.5 ± 1.4 fold (mean±S.D.), 2.2 ± 0.7 fold and 2.1 ± 0.2 fold, respectively, over their input values, and 19.1 ± 1.3 fold, 2.7 ± 0.7 and 31 ± 3.4 fold, respectively, compared to growth factor only controls. In response to TAT-HOXB4, the total numbers of CD34+CD38-Lin- cells increased 2.1 ± 0.7 fold above their starting numbers compared to a 1.5 ± 0.5 fold loss of this population in control cultures. HSC numbers were enumerated at the beginning, and after a 4-day TAT-HOXB4 treatment period using a NOD/SCID repopulation assay. In response to 50 nM TAT-HOXB4, NOD/SCID repopulating cell (SRC) numbers increased ~2-fold over their input values, compared to a 9-fold loss in control cultures without TAT-HOXB4. These results show that recombinant TAT-HOXB4 protein has the capacity to rapidly induce ex vivo expansion of primitive human bone marrow populations, and suggest that optimization of treatment conditions will rapidly lead to clinically useful expansion of human HSCs.


A direct current method suitable for the measurement of the Hall coefficient of liquid metals (RL) up to temperatures of about 760 °c is described. It has been applied to cadmium, indium, lead, mercury and zinc and the values of RL so obtained, accurate to about ±6%, are close to those predicted by the free electron theory. Although general agreement is obtained with determinations made by alternating current methods by Busch and Tieche in 1962 and Wilson in 1962 some important differences emerge. The significant departure of RL from the free electron value reported by Busch and Tieche for lead and by Wilson for indium has not been confirmed. For the liquid divalent metals, where the temperature coefficient of resistivity is anomalous, care was taken to establish any temperature dependence of RL. No such dependence would be detected over a temperature range greater than that in other investigations. Some theoretical implications of this work are discussed.


This article centres on the very issue  - whether  there  anything called as Caste at all? As per *sociological and Historical researches it is evident that there is nothing is called as 'Caste'; but just imaginary play by politicians ploy  just to 'divide and rule people'; for they realized their parties survival;  just depend on   'dividing the people' 'as many divisions as possible'.  Whether so called 'castes' have anything to do with Economics? Nothing.  If 'casteism' is conceived on a principle of Division of labor? Yes, if work is based on 'castes' - anyone might shift to any 'caste' from any 'caste' or vice versa. In fact, as every kind of person living depends upon his or her expertise or skill opted work, is the  history is the historical determination over millenniums. Is Division of labor is in existence? Yes, some apportionment of work kind ethic of man; Whether division of labor is some kind of hereditary culture? Not necessarily, the man changes as and when need arises;  What is a 'property right' concept as is contained in Article 300A, - a replacement of Article 31,  - a fundamental right, in the Constitution of India; Should we need to visualize what is 'Desire'? Yes, with the vision of Gautam Buddha,  of Buddhism, an Enlightened thought approach. It attracted Dr. B. R. Ambedkar,  - as the Best life concept; it attracted world over, for its Simplicity and vibrancy; it 'despises'  'Desires' altogether, as root cause of all evils. What promotes, a meaningful principles of Economic Growth? Reasonable meaningful living, that is all Buddhism is a Concept of Economics of simple living.  Every religion is based on some Concept of Economics of living. Economics has been some basic  tool of human behavior of every generation; Does it mean to conserve the wealth to living? No, Is it some hoarding greed based concept? Obviously not.  Can hoarding of any wants, achieve the Doctrine of Equity? How could be possible?  Dreams = Wants = Desires = Hoarding = Evils/Miseries = Problems - conveyed by Buddhist thought in his eight jewels; Buddhist thought of Economic Growth; Resources are always Scarce ; Scarcity mother of all Conflicts of Man - well portrayed by Buddha Buddhism is basically a Democratic principle -  rule by the People, for the people, and to the people; Essence of Democracy - a basic Principle of Old Pastoral Society, a community  life;  Community cannot hoard anything; need to put everything for 'Even and Equitable Distribution' .in the Community = Sharing with mutual love of living! What then is a caste? when there is no caste at all ?  Castes are some imaginary perception like Latitudes, Longitudes, or Equator or something else, if meaningfully used that works?  What is Economics? A long term perception.  Some 'human behavior' oriented thought.


A classical fluid description is used to investigate nonlinear interactions between an electron-type neutrino burst and a collisionless magnetized electron–positron plasma. It is found that the symmetry between the electron and positron dynamics is broken due to the presence of intense neutrino bursts. The latter can excite strong upper-hybrid wakefields, which can produce unlimited acceleration of pairs across the external magnetic field direction via a surfatron mechanism. Implications of our results to the production of high-energy electrons and positrons in astrophysical environments are discussed. © 2004 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".