The utility model relates to a multi-function gas-liquid separator, which can realize the gas-liquid separation of the landfill gas and other industrial gas, trapping of mist and dust particles and pumping of condensed liquid, and comprises a sediment chamber, a baffle plate, a mist eliminator and a sprayer, wherein the sediment chamber is of a cylinder structure, a baffle plate is arranged inside the sediment chamber, and a gas inlet and a gas outlet are arranged at two sides of the baffle plate; the mist eliminator with a wire mesh is arranged at the gas outlet, the top part of the device is provided with the sprayer, and the sprayer is communicated with condensed liquid on the bottom part of the device. Compared with the prior art, the multi-function gas-liquid separator has the advantages of simple structure, less investment and convenient operation, and integrates the gas-liquid separation, the trapping of the mist and the pumping of the condensed liquid, and is directly buried in semi-underground; and the sprayer for pumping the liquid is arranged on the ground, and the accumulated condensed liquid is only required to be pumped once every day and for 5 to 8 minutes every day.


In the interview, Raphaelle Branche, a member of the Conseil supérieur des Archives and a specialist in the administrative mechanisms that control access to documents, will examine the attempts made by the French government in recent years to remove documentation from consultation. Archives and access to documentation are a 'classic' battlefield of historical research in all countries of the world. But it is in France where the most advanced reflections on the relationship between democracies and public documentation have matured, and where state interventions in defence of national memory have been strongest.


Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase from Escherichia coli B consists of two non-identical subunits, called proteins B1 and B2. After purification from extracts of a partially derepressed thymine-requiring mutant, both subunits were obtained in essentially pure form.

Criteria of purity included the demonstration of constant specific enzyme activity in peaks from final chromatographic or electrophoretic steps and the behaviour of the proteins during ultracentrifugation and analytical gel electrophoresis.

Determinations of molecular weights by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation gave values between 160000 and 200000 for protein B1 and 78000 for protein B2. Evidence was obtained for some dissociation of protein B1 during centrifugation.

Separately, each subunit was completely inactive; together, under the proper conditions, they catalyzed the reduction of the 5′-diphosphates of cytidine, uridine, adenosine and guanosine to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotides.

With the exception of deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate, the regulatory effects of nucleoside triphosphates were identical to those observed earlier with less pure preparations of enzyme. The general inhibitory effect of deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate at concentrations higher than 1 μM was obtained as before. In addition, lower concentrations of this nucleotide had a novel stimulatory effect on the reduction of cytidine diphosphate.


A 77 ㎓ 3-stage low noise amplifier (LNA) employing one co㎜on source and two cascode stages is developed using 0.13 ㎛ CMOS process. To compensate for the low gain which is caused by lossy silicon substrate and parasitic element of CMOS transistor, positive feedback technique using parasitic inductance of bypass capacitor is adopted to cascode stages. The developed LNA shows gain of 7.2 ㏈, S11 of -16.5 ㏈ and S22 of -19.8 ㏈ at 77 ㎓. The return loss bandwidth of LNA is 71.6 to 80.9 ㎓ (12%). The die size is as small as 0.7 ㎜ × 0.8 ㎜ by using bias line as inter-stage matching networks. This LNA shows possibility of 77 ㎓ automotive RADAR system using 0.13 ㎛ CMOS process, which has advantage in cost compared to sub-100 ㎚ CMOS process.


The Earth Camera on board the Polar spacecraft provided high-resolution images for 112 auroral substorms when the Geotail spacecraft was in the nighttime sector of Earth's magnetotail during the period May 1 through September 30, 1996. The purpose of the study was to investigate the dynamical behavior of the plasmas and magnetic fields at the Geotail spacecraft when it was positioned within the central plasma sheet prior to and during the onset of a substorm. In addition, the position of the Geotail spacecraft was required to be within 20 min in local time and several degrees in magnetic latitude of the equatorial position of the magnetic field lines threading the auroral onset region as viewed with the Polar camera and as mapped with a global magnetic field model. For this study these onset mapping locations were required to be earthward of the Geotail spacecraft. Only two substorms, on July 2 and September 4, satisfied these restraints which were imposed in order to observe the dynamics of the central plasma sheet. The radial distances for the Geotail locations for these two substorms were 11.7 and 15.0 RE, respectively. Before the onsets there was a sustained period of earthward flow of plasma into the extraterrestrial ring current at average speeds of ∼50 km s−1. Then, for a period of several minutes before the auroral onset, this plasma flow became stagnant and was accompanied, in part, by fluctuations in components of the magnetic field. At substorm onset a tailward high-speed flow of plasmas at 200–300 km S−1 began which subsequently subsided within several minutes. The magnetic fields in this tailward directed pulse of plasma flows exhibited a substantial southward component which is accounted for by magnetic merging of field lines at locations inside of the Geotail spacecraft orbit and thus in the ring current or earthward edge of the plasma sheet. Overall, these fortuitous observations support the merging of magnetic field lines at substorm onset in the plasmas with high-energy densities in the ring current but within a very restricted range of local time, several tens of minutes or less.


N.M.R. relaxation times of 81Br and 23Na have been measured as a function of temperature and concentration in aqueous solutions of LiBr, NaBr and CsBr. Linewidths of all ions vary linearly with viscosity over temperature, but are not directly proportional to this quantity in contradiction of the Debye equation. Striking similarity exists between the temperature dependence of N.M.R. linewidths and that of dielectric relaxation times in alkali halide solutions, suggesting that solvent reorientation or translation in the outer hydration region is the most efficient means of quadrupolar relaxation. On this assumption approximate solvent tumbling times in outer hydration spheres of Na+ and Br− are calculated. Contributions to relaxation due to ion-ion interactions are in accord with previous theory in that they possess an activation energy of the same approximate magnitude as that for ionic self-diffusion.


The organisms' habits environment is the most fragile in the northwest of China. Through introducing the development and the changes of the organisms' habits environment, the article submits the sustainable development methods which is the center on the organisms' habits construction to develop the Northwest.


The invention discloses a novel voltage reducing and timing circuit of an AC motor. The circuit is communicated between the input end of the AC motor and a power supply. The circuit includes at least two branch circuits, wherein, at least one branch circuit is provided with a capacitor, and the capacitor provides at least one capacitance state. All the branch circuits are communicated with a converting and regulating device which turns one of the branch circuits on at a same moment for changing the impedance of the circuit to change the input voltage of the motor, and then to change the rotation speed of the motor. A capacitor bank is serially connected in the live wire of the power supply and the AC motor. Compared with the traditional art, the invention has the advantages that the cost is low, the energy saving effect is good, the decline degree of the power is effective and adjustable, and the speed controlling effect is ideal.


The developed production of heat (steam) by Farmutil Company enables use of renewable energy from biofuel meat-bone meal which is incinerated in rotary kilns utilising vapours and odours from its production, instead of natural gas, to ensure Farmutil's own needs for heat. The transformation of existing district heating in Piła city (currently using coal) into a fourth generation district heating system was proposed, predicting the use of heat (hot water) after combustion of biofuel meat-bone meal as district heating in the city of Piła. The maximum possible surplus amount of heat that can be produced at Farmutil exceeds the needs for the district heating demands of the city of Piła (860,200 GJ/y) by 53.2% at a meat-bone meal burning scale of 150,000 t/y. The use of 52,000 t/y of meat-bone meal for district heating production also results in an increase in incomes through the sale of hydroxyapatite ash from its combustion, amounting 1.638 million EUR/y. The closure of the coal-fired heating plant eliminates the consumption of 44,000 t/y of coal and the need to pay CO2 emission permits amount to over 5.588 million EUR/y.


Novel multicarrier waveforms, such as, Filter Bank Multi Carrier promise lower out-of-band emissions compared to the currently used Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex technique. Unfortunately, the power amplifier nonlinearity in the transmitter can significantly degrade the FBMC spectrum wiping-out the differences between these two approaches. In order to compensate for nonlinearities and memory effects introduced by power amplifiers, the digital predistortion is a widely used technique, but also the predistortion itself can significantly be influenced by the transceiver imperfections. This paper thus laid great emphasis on the evaluation of transceiver imperfections and uncertainties on the overall performance of digital predistortion driven with FBMC signals.


Abstract: The Application of Puppetry in Improving Javanesse language Comprehension Toward Pandhawa Character at the Fourth Grade Students of Elementary School . This research aims at describing the application of puppetry in improving javanesse language comprehension in fourth grade students of elementary school. This researcher conducts a classroom action research which are divided into three cycles, the each cycles have two confluences in cycles include the planning, acting, observation, and reflection. Data source of this study are students, teachers, and observers. Data was collected was with test and non-test techniques. The result of the research states that the application of puppetry can be used for students in improving their learning process especially in javanesse language fourth grade student elementary school. Keyword : Puppetry, Learning Outcomes, Javanesse Language


The Mail Archive Management Information System at the Lombok Tengah Education Office was created for the effectiveness and efficiency of storing or managing incoming mail archives and outgoing mail archives at the Education Office. Management of mails that still use the manual method, namely by storing mail archives on folders, makes frequent errors in storage such as: loss of mails, tearing of mails and so on, as well as errors in recording and the duration of data searching. This Mail Archive Management Information System was designed and built using the waterfall method and MVC (Model View Controller) as the programming method, this information system is web-based, created using the PHP framework, namely CodeIgniter, HTML, Javascript, and CSS. As for the server, it uses a default Codeigniter local server. The management of the mail archives generated by the system is able to speed up the data searching process and is able to monitoring the amount of incoming mail, outgoing mail and the number of users using the system.


Three series of seed addition experiments in natural sites and in common experimental conditions are described to compare the effect of disturbance, water availability, and habitat type on the emergence and establishment of the two alien congeners Senecio inaequidens D.C. and Senecio pterophorus D.C. and the native Senecio malacitanus Huter. The emergence of the three species was favored by disturbance, while establishment was enhanced by water availability. Habitat also had a dramatic effect on emergence, with more seedlings germinating under the shrubs and in the forest. However, only the plants that emerged in the open annual grassland survived until the adult stage, some of which flowered, mostly S. inaequidens. The emergence of the alien S. pterophorus was lower than that of the other species, but once established it produced significantly more biomass than the others. The effect of disturbance and water availability on emergence and establishment does not explain the differences in invasive capacity...


The Institute of Peace's new facility, a modern conference and an interactive educational center dedicated to the theme of peacemaking, faces the National Mall in Washington, DC and is within sight of the Lincoln, World War II, Korean, and Vietnam Veterans memorials. The building is organized around two atria, one part facing the Potomac River, the other the Mall and the Lincoln Memorial. The north atrium serves as the centerpiece for the spaces devoted to the organization's work and research, and the south‐facing atrium is focused on public programs and conferences. The roof of the building features a series of undulating, wing‐like elements constructed of steel frame and white translucent glass forming an image resembling the wings of a dove. The glass appears opaque and white during the day and glows gently from within at night.


The issue of inadvertent presence in infringement cases is a significant issue in the law of utility patents for plants. Commentators have sggested a variety of possible solutions to this issue. This article describes and defines the inadvertent presence issue and discusses the possible solutions. More boldly, this article proposes that the most viable solution to the inadvertent presence issue for utility patent law is found by using and analogizing to the law of stray animals. Courts can find in the law of stray animals the stable, predictable, common-sense, and neighborly rules that protect both the farmer who experiences inadvertent presence and the patent holder who has intellectual property rights in the straying seeds and plants.


Extant representatives of Onychophora (velvet worms) have been classified into two major subgroups or families, the Peripatidae and the Peripatopsidae. According to our previous estimate, a total of 179 nominal species and twelve additional infraspecific taxa of Onychophora had been described, including numerous "subspecies", "variations" and "mutations (Mayer & Oliveira 2011). However, the validity of most of these taxa was uncertain. Since this last estimate, a comprehensive world checklist of Onychophora has been published, along with a revision of the nomenclatural status of names (Oliveira et al. 2012a). This study revealed that many previous synonyms and infraspecific taxa might constitute valid species. At the same time, it also has shown that ~10% of the described species of Onychophora show major taxonomical problems and therefore should be regarded as nomina dubia, following the provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999). In addition to extant species of Onychophora, the world checklist includes three unambiguous fossil representatives, the relationship of which to the extant species is uncertain (Grimaldi et al. 2002; Oliveira et al. 2012a; Poinar 2000). A recent study further revealed that †Helenodora inopinata Thompson & Jones, 1980 (see Hou & Bergström 1995 for nomenclatural discussion) from Mazon Creek (Illinois, USA, ~296 million years ago) might be a representative of Onychophora as well, which is indicated by the presence of slime papillae in this species (Haug et al. 2012). As with most other fossils, the affinity of †Helenodora inopinata to the extant onychophoran taxa remains obscure. In addition to these findings, six species and a new genus of extant Onychophora have been described in the last two years (Oliveira et al. 2012b, 2013; Ruhberg & Daniels 2013). This ongoing progress has necessitated an update of the estimated numbers of described species of Onychophora, which is provided below. In this updated list, we discriminate between valid taxa, nomina dubia and fossil taxa (indicated by a †).


Background: An enhanced and rapid recovery after surgery has become the new challenge to reduce postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. This retrospective study evaluated the benefits provided by the new sufentanil sublingual tablet system (SSTS) compared to patient controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous (IV) morphine in the specific context of spinal lumbar neurosurgery. Method: We selected 80 patients undergoing 1-2 levels lumbar laminectomy and/or discectomy to evaluate the SSTS. A second group was retrospectively constituted with 80 patients having benefited from the same surgery with IV morphine PCA during the period just preceding the SSTS test period. All patients received similar intraoperative multimodal analgesia. In post anesthesia care unit, piritramide (SSTS group) or morphine (IV PCA group) was titrated intravenously to insure a pain score below 4/10 before PCA initiation. The acute pain service evaluated on Day 1 and Day 2 the pain intensity (visual analogic score at rest and during mobilization) and opioid related side effects. Results were compared using Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, p<0.05 was considered significant. Any comments of the health care personal were collected during the SSTS test. Results: The mean uptake after 48 hours was 34.99 mg IV morphine and 18.60 sufentanil tablets. Except for Day 1 at rest, pain intensity evaluations were significantly different between both groups, in favor of the IV PCA. There was no significant difference in side effects between groups. Valuable technical and practical comments were collected from patients and nurses, and were discussed. Conclusion: Despite a significant difference in postoperative pain scores, we demonstrated the overall satisfaction of the patients and the health care personal for the innovative system but some questions and problems were highlighted and would benefit from technical improvements, administrative refinements and further dedicated studies. Citation: Dransart Christophe, De Bue Pascale, Jamart Jacques, Mitchell John, Gustin Thierry, Dubois Philippe E (2018). Sublingual Sufentanil Tablet System for Postoperative Pain Relief after Spinal Lumbar Neurosurgery. A Retrospective Comparison with IV Morphine Patient Controlled Analgesia Page 2 of 5 www.scientonline.org J Clin Anesth Pain Med Volume 2 • Issue 2 • 022 card allows healthcare personnel to interact with the controller, which is tethered to the patient's bed. A radiofrequency identification thumb tag secures the patient access [6]. Sufentanil has pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that make it suitable for sublingual administration, allowing for a rapid rise in plasma concentration that is still smoother than the increase obtained with an IV bolus [7]. Yet, sufentanil achieves faster central nervous system equilibrium than morphine, allowing for rapid and sustained relief from moderate to severe postoperative pain [8]. Sufentanil has a high therapeutic index, no active metabolites, and a low oral bioavailability, making the sublingual route especially interesting for postoperative analgesia [6]. The SSTS is indicated for patient-controlled treatment of moderate to severe postoperative pain in the hospital setting. The preliminary clinical benefits were already demonstrated after major abdominal and orthopedic surgery (hip and knee arthroplasty) [9-12]. The goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the benefits provided by the new SSTS in comparison with IV PCA in the specific context of spinal lumbar neurosurgery, an elective and reproducible procedure requiring opioid-based patient-controlled postoperative analgesia and rapid recovery. In comparison with a retrospective similar group of patients treated with IV morphine PCA, the primary outcome was the postoperative pain score and the secondary outcome was the incidence of opioid-related adverse events. The patients and healthcare personnel were invited to rate and comment on the use of the new device.


This work was developed for the completion of the course along the sector UFPR Litoral, objective study of the marketing in the perspective to overcome their traditional view of priority attention to the market and develops propositional aspects to meet the conditions laid down for a life with dignity to overcome the marginalization and misery. Thus the debate reference reflections of life in its comprehensive and full issues. Regarding the method of approach, conceptual research tools were used and references for the purpose of drawing definitions and considerations in broader dimensions as the world, in this sense, the article points out the care of life as an alternative to promote fullness and welfare collective as the liberation process to achieve human emancipation. The theoretical framework revolves around Hannah Arendt and Theodor Adorno. So to raise reflections observed that marketing can be conducted to humanistic standards, raising ways that make the market is not their main objective, but rather the human condition as respect reference and choice of each individual.


In the recent sub-90nm VLSI generation, a fluctuation exists in a supply voltage due to IR-drop and inductance effects. A supply voltage fluctuation in VLSI chips causes large variations in the logic delay time and power consumption. However, in conventional low-power VLSI architecture such as variable threshold voltage CMOS (VTCMOS), the threshold voltage of a transistor is fixed in advance at the system design level. As a result, VTCMOS can't compensate a supply voltage fluctuation. By employing an adaptive threshold voltage control (ATVC), minimization of power consumption under a time constraint is achieved even in the presence of a supply voltage fluctuation. Optimal granularity is discussed to minimize the total power consumption.


In order to facilitate the detection of the diiron complexes and to better understand their behavior in solution, we undertook an analysis of their NMR spectra


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a conceptual model of student satisfaction with their higher education (HE) experience, based on the identification of the variable determinants of student perceived quality and the impact of those variables on student satisfaction and/or dissatisfaction with the overall student experience. The paper will also identify those determinants most likely to have either a positive or negative impact on subsequent student loyalty behaviours.Design/methodology/approach – This paper reports the results of a study of 163 undergraduate students at Liverpool John Moores University in the UK, which utilised Critical Incident Technique (CIT) as the method that encouraged the recording of situations that the students themselves perceive as critical incidents. It is envisaged that these situations have occurred in their experience of HE teaching, learning and assessment and their experience of other university ancillary service aspects, i.e. within and beyond the classr...


The paper contains values of torque magnification ratio while shifting vertical loads due to horizontal wind forces affecting on supports of overhead transmission lines of 35 kV and higher. These values pertain to various types of unified reinforced concrete conic and cylindrical supports while changing climatic conditions. The values make it possible to exclude rather complicated calculations in respect of support deflection in the case when there is uncertainty in initial data.


symbolic representations and investing those representations with emotional significance and reward value capable of influencing subsequent social judgments and behavioral choices (Dehaene and Changeux 2000: 219 − 230; Feenstra 2000: 133–164). Religious ritual appears to be optimally designed to do just that. Rappaport presciently described such effects of ritual: When that sign is carved on the body the abstract is not only made substantial but immediate . . . and if the mark is indelible, as in the case of the subincision, the excised canine, the lopped finger, the scarified face, chest or back, it is everpresent. As the abstract is made alive and concrete by the living substance of men and women, so are men and women predicated by the abstractions which they themselves realize. (1999: 149) Religion and Suicide Terrorism What can this tell us about suicide terrorists or religious violence in general? Many contemporary Western stereotypes cast religiously motivated terrorists as either desperate or deranged madmen. Substantial psychological research, however, indicates that suicide terrorists are neither psychopaths nor sociopaths. Terrorist expert Scott Atran reports that "study after study demonstrates that suicide terrorists and their supporters are not abjectly poor, illiterate, or socially estranged" (2004: 75). Nor is there a distinctive suicide terrorist psychological profile or personality. Sociologist Mark Juergensmeyer notes that the vast majority of recruits to extremist religious organizations are young, unmarried males who perceive themselves to be marginalized by the dominant culture (2003: 193 − 194). In his governmental report, The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why?, Rex Hudson makes a similar observation: "Terrorists are generally people who feel alienated from society and have a grievance or regard themselves as victims of an injustice" (1999: 50). Maajid Nawaz, a former leader of the radical Islamic group Hizb ut-Tahrir, states that he originally joined the movement "out of disaffection with the racism and discrimination that poisoned his teenage years in southeast England" (qtd. in Rice-Oxley 2008). For Nawaz, the organization's secret meetings, conversion missions, and evangelistic forays to university campuses and foreign countries created a sense of importance, community, and purpose. Mamoun Fandy of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London asserts: "There remains in London a problem of assimilation for outsiders. The society is closed. The city is open, but the people are not" (qtd. in Marquand and Quinn 2009). Such closure is likely to be felt particularly acutely by young unattached adolescent and young adult males who are actively seeking meaningful social relationships. These young men who have spent their childhood in traditional societies are literally caught between worlds that diverge sharply in social structure, intersexual relations, and the sacred values that intermediate between OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – REVISES, 10/04/12, NEWGEN 39_Juergensmeyer_Ch38.indd 583 10/4/2012 6:56:03 PM


The reason of disqualified tensile strength in thickness direction of Q345GJCZ35 steel plate is analyzed by means of SEM,metallographic examination and EDS.The results showed that the disqualified tensile strength in thickness direction of Q345GJCZ35 steel plate was mainly due to the existence of aggregation of bulk Nb(Ti)C and original crack of Nb(Ti) at segregation area.Another reason was attributed to the existence of hard phases,such as Bainite at the segregation area.By optimizing the design of steel composition,strengthening the control of refining process,improving the mould casting process and setting the appropriate rolling programm and choosing the proper heat treatment process,the qualified ratio of tensile strength in thickness direction has reached over 96 %.


This original work is based on the premise that Values are as (if not more) germane as Skills for the effectiveness of managers in industrial and commercial organizations, and that these are unique to every society. It is therefore extraordinary that Indian managers should, along with managerial and technological skills, import values-systems from countries such as America which have no roots there and, besides, lack the systematic and profound philosophical foundations of the Indian values-system developed over hundreds of years and deeply embedded in the Indian consciousness. The result, a skills-strong, values-weak orientation which has acted to the detriment of efficient organizational functioning. After examining the Japanese, Chinese and American experiences with values-systems, the book analyses in detail the great Indian classical texts on philosophy/psychology and the views of distinguished Indian managers and a systematic training regime based on a careful analysis of the results of courses on values-training for senior managers conducted by the author for 8 years at the Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta.


The responses of reinforced concrete frame building having soft first story under three selected earthquakes record is presented. The soft first story is characterized by the open space on the ground floor, while the story above having infill walls. In order to improve the seismic responses of r/c frame building, the steel damper of flexural type are installed into building on the first story. The finite element method is employed to simulate the response of the frame building subjected to selected severe earthquakes using non-linear time history analysis. The equivalent three strut model is adopted to account the interaction of masonry infill with structure members on building responses, and the presence of the opening in reduction both stiffness and strength of the masonry infill are also considered. The simplified tri-linear model of stress–strain relationship is applied to account for the nonlinearity of the equivalent strut material, while hysteretic behavior of steel damper approximated by a bilinear model. In addition, the inelastic behavior of beam and column elements with rigid end zone is also adopted. Furthermore, the results are obtained from nonlinear analysis to be used for comparison the seismic performance of the building under consideration. Finally, it was clearly noticed that the use of steel damper not only to avoid the premature collapse of building but also to increase the seismic performance of the soft first story buildings significantly.


The present invention provides a planetary gear type speed increaser/reducer having two-stage reduction gears. Each stage of planetary gear mechanism of the speed increaser/reducer includes a sun gear arranged at the center of the planetary gear mechanism, a ring gear formed by an inner gear, and planetary gears arranged between the sun gear and the ring gear. Each planetary gear is a two-stage reduction gear including a large-diameter gear engaged with the sun gear and a small-diameter gear engaged with the ring gear. A gear holder supporting the planetary gears is fixed to a housing. A rotation driving member which integrates the ring gear and the sun gear of the next stage is arranged adjacent to the gear holder, and is supported by the gear holder in the axial and radial directions. Rotators, such as gears, rotate stably while being supported, so that smooth power transmission can be carried out even in a case that an output shaft is driven to increase speed from an input shaft.


In this paper,a method based on molar group contribution was used for estimating the three solubility parameters of acrylic polymers and HDI biuret,the Fox equation and Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) test were used for estimating or testing the glass transition temperature of acrylic polymer,and the resalt showed that the final application properties of the highsolid thermosetting acrylic polymer were greatly affected by the three solubility parameters and glass transition temperature of acrylic polymer.Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),QUV Accelerated weather tester were used for studying the structure,thermal stability and weatherability of the acrylic polymer and its coatings,and on the basis of this,a kind of highsolid thermosetting acrylic polyurethane coating with excellent performance were manufactured.


In several problems of decision-making under uncertainty, it is necessary to study the sign of the covariance between marginal utilities. All of the works that study the covariance signs are based on Chebyschev's integral inequality. However, this inequality requires that both functions be monotonic. There are many cases, originated basically by new alternative theories, which assume that the marginal utilities of interest are non-monotonic. Thus, we cannot use Chebyschev's result as it relies on monotonic functions. In this article, I derive some new covariance inequalities for utility functions which have non-monotonic marginal utilities. I also apply the theoretical results to two problems in economics: First, I study some properties of the indiference curve in the mean-variance space for Prospect Theory and for Markowitz utility functions. Second, I analyze the asset hedging policies of a bank that behaves as predicted by Prospect Theory.


In this paper, the numerical simulation was implemented for the three dimensional isothermal power-law polymer melt flow within a rectangular convergent channel by means of penalty finite element method. When the power-law constitutive model is used, even though the flow rate is rather high, the computation can be finished and yield rational results only after finite times of iteration. The melt flow speeds up with increasing acceleration from the channel entrance to exit and the higher the flow rate the greater the acceleration. Near the channel wall renders a shear flow but at the central area of the channel exits an elongational flow and over there the first normal stress difference is larger than the elongational stress. The pressure is not identical at the same cross section of the channel so that such a assumption that the pressure keeps uniform at the same cross section is incorrect. Penalty finite element method has some drawbacks when it is utilized to compute the pressure distribution because only a little error of velocity can result in substantial error of pressure and such phenomena is more obvious near the channel wall.


We present the first attempt to detect outflows from galaxies approaching the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) using a sample of nine star-forming (SFR = 31 +/- 20M(circle dot) yr(-1)) z similar to 5.5 ...


Background: Cancer cervix is the leading type of cancer in India. One woman die of cervical cancer in every 8 min in India. The primary cause of developing cervical cancer is chronic infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Vaccination against HPV is the primary mode of prevention from cancer cervix.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the awareness and attitude of young medical students about cancer cervix, its cause and HPV vaccine.

Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was done among 2nd year to final year female medical students of M.K.C.G Medical College and Hospital for a period of 2 months. Data were collected using a self-administered, semi-structured, and pre-tested questionnaire. The study explored knowledge on HPV infection and cervical cancer, as well as awareness regarding the vaccine and their willingness to take the vaccine.

Results: In the present study student's awareness about etiology of cancer cervix was 100%. About 98.6% of students knew about the high-risk strains of HPVs causing cancer. The awareness about preventable nature of cancer cervix among study participants was 93.8% and 92.5% students knew that the vaccine is available in India. About 87% of students wanted to be immunized with HPV vaccine.

Conclusion: There is not enough knowledge about cancer cervix and HPV vaccine among medical students. Information regarding cancer cervix and HPV vaccine should be included early in the medical education curriculum. Group discussions and forums should be conducted to fill the knowledge gap.


To determine the association between changes in semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers over 24 months and radiographic and pain progression over 48 months in knees with mild‐to‐moderate osteoarthritis (OA).


The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association between tobacco use, symptom expression, and coping strategies in patients with advanced cancer.


Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations are an useful tool for the analysis of kinetic collisionless plasmas such as those found in high power microwave devices, vacuum electronics, directed energy devices, among others. However, PIC simulations remain computationally costly, and model order reduction strategies such as the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) can be instrumental in reducing some of these costs. The efficacy of the reduced-order model resulting from application of POD depends on several factors, among them the strategy employed to sample field values when constructing the reduced order model. In this work we analyze and compare several such field sampling strategies.


: Technology needs, especially smartphones, are now very huge; it cannot be denied that many smartphone brands compete with each other to get the highest market share. Overall, several well-known brands such as Samsung, Xiaomi and Oppo are the top three smartphone brands that are most widely used in Indonesia, but there is one smartphone that, although it has a market share not as big as the three brands, is considered the most exclusive because the market is only for a certain group of people who understands the brand, the Apple iPhone. The purpose of this research is to find out whether the brand concept possessed by the Apple iPhone can impact customer commitment, because it is known that the Apple iPhone users tend to continue to use the same iPhone brand, despite other competing brands in the same product category.The research method used is the descriptive research method with a quantitative approach, whereby the population is the Apple iPhone users in the city of Bandung. Data collection is by questionnaires, interviews and observations, while the data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis and also multiple linear regression analysis.The results showed that brand concept dimensions consisting of aesthetic benefits, functional benefits and symbolic benefits had a significant influence in shaping customer commitment. As for the three dimensions of the brand concept, it is known that symbolic benefits have the strongest impact on customer commitment compared to the other two dimensions.


Three Ku-band MBE monolithic power modules have been developed. The modules consist of one, two and five MMICs. A newly developed MMIC which is used in the modules is a two stage power amplifier which contains full interstage matching network and partial input matching network. The single MMIC module delivers more than 3 watts of power, 11 dB of gain and more than 20 % power added efficiency (PAE) from 15 to 18 GHz. A pair of the MMICs are balanced to form a module which is called a `dual'. Two duals are balanced between Lange couplers and driven by a single MMIC module to form a 5 MMIC module. The full power module has 8 to 10 watts of Pout, 20 dB of gain and 14 % PAE at 18 GHz. The modules could be tuned for 1 GHz instantaneous bandwidth anywhere in the 15-18 GHz band.


Students often feel that assessments are used primarily for grading purposes only. There is anecdotal evidence too that students are being over assessed in UK Higher Education (HE) given that it is common place for the curricula to be designed with formative and summative assessments in mind. This reflective case study aims to establish the link between the attainment of independent learning outcome and a new form of assessment that is based on three years of teaching a Project Management unit in two internationally leading Schools of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering in England and Singapore. Data from the observation of an operational unit specification reveals that depending on the timing within the schedule of the unit, summative assessment with appropriate feedback can be re-purposed as formative and summative. The implication being a paradigm shift in the design of unit specification for the purpose of attaining Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO) that enhance deep learning. Re-Purposing Summative Assessment as Formative: A Reflective Guide to Facilitating Deep Learning


Abstract Ethernet is currently explored as the upcoming network standard for distributed control applications in many different industries such as automotive, avionics and industrial automation. It offers higher performance and flexibility over traditional control bus systems such as CAN and ProfiBus. For distributed control applications, predictable communication timing is highly important which can be problematic using standard Ethernet. The new Ethernet AVB standard aims to improve this by a new scheduling algorithm based on traffic shaping. However, the current AVB standard lacks a formal timing guarantee which is important for safety-critical control applications. As a solution to this, we present a model for Ethernet AVB networks and a transformation into a timing analysis model. Based on the timing model, we apply a compositional performance analysis approach known from the analysis of distributed real-time systems to derive worst-case timing properties and hence timing guarantees of the original Ethernet AVB network. For this, we provide the required formalism for the analysis of the scheduling of Ethernet AVB.


The technology of cooperative diversity is proposed to solve the constraint of MIMO system.By using cooperative diversity,the user with single antenna could share the antennas of the other users,thus forming form the virtual MIMO and providing feasible way for MIMO technology.This paper first desbirbes the concept and the kinds of cooperative diversity,then analyzes DF in detail,gives the BER under different evironments.Finally,the simulation proves that the DF is of excellent performance.


practice is not a recent development, for we learn from Ebers that in Egypt, as long ago as the thirteenth century B.C, there was a school of specialists attached to the College of Priests in Thebes. They were physicians to the king, and were consulted in all serious cases. " It was left to the principal of the medical staff of the sanctuary to select that master of the healing art whose special knowledge appeared to him to be suited for the treatment of the case." It is an old saying that history repeats itself, although we cannot associate the term " science " with the semi-barbaric empiricism above which the healing art has never risen whilst tacked to priestcraft. Yet in this ancient Egyptian temple we observe that inevitable development of scientific progress which in latter days first separated the practice of medicine and surgery, and has now further subdivided each into its several special departments, which are represented in the numerous sections of our own annual meetings. The training of our medical student should certainly include the investigation and treatment of the simpler affections of all special regions, so that in due time he may undertake such cases in his own practice, while rendering him competent to act as did the High Priest of Thebes when serious difficulties arose—a function too often undertaken for themselves by the suffering public.


This study aims to see the effect of the Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention (Brief MBI) to reduce the impulsivity of emotional reactions in people with bipolar disorder (ODB). This study uses a mixed method design with interviews, observations, Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), Decision Tree for Elevated or Expansive Mood, Decision Tree for Depressed Mood and Graphic Tests (WZT, DAP, BAUM, HTP). The participant is a 27-year-old woman and has been diagnosed with Bipolar disorder. The symptoms that appear are difficulty in regulating mood to the point of disrupting daily routines, periods of excessive mood elevation and periods of significant mood decline. The MBI Brief is held in four sessions, each session lasting two hours. The results of the intervention showed that the participants experienced an increase in the ability to control themselves before displaying the emotional reactions they felt.


Aiming at the demand on X-ray pulsar navigation and X-ray space communication, the multilayer nested X-ray focusing optical device is developed and tested. Theoretical design of focusing lenses is carried out according to the principle of grazing incidence, and key parameters of the focusing lenses are determined. The materials of focusing lenses and the preparation technologies such as the coating process are discussed. The performance parameters of the focusing lenses are tested respectively under the conditions of visible light and X-ray. The results show that the spot diameter of visible light is 14 mm, the spot diameter of X-ray is 20 mm, and the focusing efficiency is 30.2%. The effective area is 2400 mm2in a 10 m vacuum pipe when the photon energy is 1.5 keV. © 2016, Chinese Lasers Press. All right reserved.


The recovery of gasoline vapor is still a major challenge in the petrochemical industry. In this study, a zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) membrane has been developed and first applied to gasoline vapor recovery. Zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF-8) membranes were fabricated by a facile solvothermal seed growth method on ZrO2 supports. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis measurements were conducted to study the morphologies, structure, and physical and chemical properties of ZIF-8 membranes. The effects of trans-membrane pressure drop, operating temperature, feed concentration, and stage cut on the separation performances of ZIF-8 membranes were systematically investigated. At 293 K, the ZIF-8 membrane showed an optimum n-hexane (n-C6H14) permeance of 7.16 × 10–8 mol/(m2·s·Pa) with the corresponding separation factor of 2.46 for the nitrogen/n-hexane model mixtures at a trans-membrane pressure drop of 0.05 MPa, a stage cut of 0.293, and a n-hexane volume f...


Financial support: None. Conflict of interests: None. Purpose: This study investigated the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients undergoing provisional fixation in conjunction with locking plate fixation. Miniplates were used as the reduction plates for the surgical treatment of severe comminuted metadiaphyseal fractures with an intra-articular fracture of the distal radius. Materials and Methods: The radial length, radial inclination, volar tilt, and radial intra-articular stepoff were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at one year after surgery in 12 patients (eight males, four females, mean age 55.4 years old). The patients underwent volar locking plate fixation with miniplate as a reduction plate for severe comminuted metadiaphyseal fractures with an intra-articular fracture of the distal radius. Clinical evaluations were conducted using the modified Mayo wrist score (MMWS). Results: Bone union was achieved in all cases. The mean MMWS was 81.8 points, including two excellent, three good, and seven fair cases. Radiological improvements were observed in the average radial length (preoperative, 6.4 mm; postoperative, 11.8 mm), average radial inclination (10.2° to 22.4°), average volar tilt (–4.5° to 10.6°), and average radial intra-articular step-off (4.8-0.8 mm) (all, p<0.05). Radiographic measurements obtained immediately after surgery and at the final follow-up revealed insignificant decreases in radial length (0.6 mm), radial inclination (0.4°), and volar tilt (0.9°) (all, p>0.05). Conclusion: Miniplate fixation can be an effective treatment option as a reduction plate for the treatment of distal radial fractures, which is challenging to reduce and maintain due to severely comminuted metadiaphysis fractures with the intra-articular fracture.


6.1 Preamble An interesting extension of image investigation is video tampering detection. Of late, surveillance video recording has become common in many places due to security issues. Also video recording is done in spying cases as miniature and powerful video recorders are available. With the advent of low-cost and powerful computers as also sophisticated editing tools, even casual users can manipulate digital video with relative ease. Video forgery aims at hiding or erasing details from a recorded scene, creating abnormal scenarios appear natural or making illegal copies of the original for distribution. The resulting tampered video sequences can be very hard to distinguish from authentic footage. Hence authentication of videos also has become a necessity particularly in legal matters. Similar to the still pictures, tampering will alter some underlying statistical properties of natural video sequences also.


Discussed the robust control problem for the linear systems with nonlinear uncertain parameters, obtained the conditions of robust stability and the robust controller design for the nonconstructed uncertainty respectively, by applying Lyapunov method and matrix inequality, given the results by linear matrix inequalities.


that issue, make a decisive difference that one lives and philosophizes in a Christian climate. The climate or state in which the seeing eye sees may on occasion make a big difference; e.g., on what man is, on what he is to be, and on the meaning of human life. So Maritain thought, and at least from the early 1930's his own philosophy was influenced by this idea, an idea which he was over and over expressing in his theory of the human person and of an integral humanism. In fact, he did a small volume on "Christian philosophy" (de la philosophic chretienne, 1933), but Allard never refers to this work. It would be difficult to read or transcribe Maritain and yet omit what he called "Christian philosophy." That would really be to omit Maritain. To say that Maritain is a philosophe chretien and that he holds that the liberally educated needs an introduction to theology and to the Church Fathers —this is correct, but far from adequate for stating the relation between Maritain's philosophy and his thought on education. L E O R. WARD, C.S.C.


Background and objective: People with disabilities living in rural areas often require considerable support to meet their complex needs. This study investigated a best practice model in home-based care for people with disabilities in rural Thailand. Design and Setting: A case study method was adopted to investigate a best practice model of home-based care for people with disabilities in Nakhonthai District, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Data were collected from 30 participants through in-depth interviews, focus groups, direct observation and document analysis. Content and thematic analyses were conducted for qualitative data. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used for the outcome measurement of activities of daily living (ADL) scores. Results: This model of home-based care for people with disabilities, as an integrated network model, brings together the community, health professionals and other organisations. The role of trained community health volunteers was mainly to deliver home-based personal care for people with disabilities, while health professionals focused mainly on controlling the quality of care, managing the knowledge and skills of volunteers, and co-ordinating the network. The difference between ADL scores before and after the implementation of the model (n=20) was statistically significant (p Conclusion: This best practice model of home-based care for people with disabilities in rural Thailand shifts responsibility in the main service decisions from professionals to the community and other stakeholders and engages and empowered all stakeholders in the provision, co-ordination and management of care.


The sensor is widely used in every aspect of production and life,and semiconductor piezoresistive sensor has become the main role in the modern test due to its good performance.During the process of safe production in the coal mine,the sensor is needed more to completely monitor the every kind of parament number.Such as:The gas monitors,the carbon monoxide monitor,the carbon dioxide monitor,the mine pressure monitor,how the coal machine works and how the leather belt revolving conveyance machine works etc.


Rapid urbanization and severe air quality deterioration in Pakistan have increased citizens's concern towards air pollution. This study, conducted in November, 2016, aimed to develop relationship between degraded air quality and resident's willingness to pay for improved air quality in city of Lahore, Pakistan through contingent valuation method to quantify an individual's willingness to pay for improved air quality. Hypothetical market was created and 250 respondents, selected through random sampling, were asked to respond to pre tested questionnaire. Results revealed that 92.5% of respondents showed positive willingness to pay and average predicted willingness to pay by each person was $9.86 per month. Respondents were willing to pay $118 per year which was 1.27% of their mean monthly income. Stepwise regression model was used to develop relationship between independent variables and willingness to pay. Most parameters accompanied by econometric analysis elaborated expected results. Results disclosed that annual household income, symptoms of respiratory diseases and self observed air pollution pointedly impact willingness to pay. It is concluded that despite of the fact that Pakistan is among the lower income countries with no rigid budget allocation for improvement in air quality, people of Pakistan are willing to pay to reduce air pollution load. One of the factor which effected the positivity of willingness to pay is that, a quite large number of people were suffering from pollution related respiratory disorders like asthma, chronic bronchitis, wheezing, cough, and chest congestion. Only 7.5% of respondents were not interested to pay for improved air quality which reported unconcerned attitude and lack of environmental awareness.


Currently, systematic techniques for assessing macro mechanisms for transferring software engineering technologies are non-existent. This leads to inefficient allocation of research resources and increased risk to software technology intensive programs. Consequently, software technology transition today is an ill-defined and non-repeatable, inefficient process for bringing advanced software engineering technologies to market. This paper develops two dynamical models of a software technology transition from both macroscopic and microscopic views. The models are developed utilizing information theory, communication theory, chaos control theory, and learning curve principles. The combination of those scientifically sound mechanisms provides a basis for assessing, and/or prescribing a portfolio of technologies and the implementing macro infrastructure. This provides the theoretical framework for a practical method for a program manager to establish a high capacity transition channel, which accelerates technology maturation and insertion. Experiments based on very large number of data have been performed. Data samples assess the following technologies: software engineering, software technology transfer, Ada, Java, abstract data types, rate monotonic analysis, cost models, software standards, and software work breakdown structures.


In clinical studies performed during 111 infusions of high dose methotrexate (MTX) we have evolved a clinical and laboratory protocol which permits such therapy without prohibitive risk to the patient. The plasma MTX data obtained indicate that pharmacokinetic disposition is dose related during these infusions and that such data are useful in identifying patients at risk from serious toxicity.


Clinical experience tells us that there is great heterogeneity in the way patients recover from uncomplicated anaesthesia, as well as in their requirements for postoperative analgesia. The basis of such interindividual variations has, until recently, been poorly understood by clinicians. However, the recent quantum leaps in biotechnology that have led to improved understanding of the human genome have also permitted some insight into those subtle elements underlying variable drug effects, some of which are of mere academic interest, but some of which are an important cause of patient morbidity. Recently, considerable effort has been made to try and ascribe a function to each of the 30 000 or so genes that make up the human genome. Having identified a particular function for the gene, it may then be possible to identify subtle abnormalities in the DNA sequence. The simplest type of variation or polymorphism derives from a single base mutation in DNA that substitutes one nucleotide for another. This is called a single nucleotide polymorphism or an SNP (colloquially termed a snip). The pivotal importance of SNPs was recognized soon after their discovery, and it has become a key objective to map all of these variants across the entire human genome [1]. The focussing of vast resources on this task has been labelled the Snip-revolution and, to date, several million SNPs have been described [2]. The effect of any particular SNP i.e. the resulting phenotype, will, however, depend on the impact of the resulting substitution of the encrypted amino acid on the respective protein. This effect will vary depending on both amino acid substituted and its position. On one hand, there may be no apparent effect; on the other hand, the resulting protein may be fatally flawed with complete loss of function. Having detected an SNP, it is a straightforward step, using gene-association studies to link the abnormal gene with either a disease process or with an abnormal response to a medication. In the case of proteins that have been extensively characterized, such as the P450 enzymes, exhaustive databases have been complied, which include descriptions of a large number of SNPs and their respective phenotypes [3]. The variable clinical response to all drugs, including opiates, may be approached by considering the effect of genetic variation on both receptors (pharmacodynamics) and on factors that determine drug concentration (pharmacokinetics). For example, mutations in the gene that encodes the mopioid receptor OPRM1 are primary candidates for genetic influences on opioid effects. A much quoted polymorphism in this gene consists of an SNP at position 118 in the DNA chain of base-pairs [4]. The variant receptor protein derived from this gene exhibits altered binding with b-endorphin compared with the more common i.e. wild-type allele. A number of research groups have investigated this polymorphism and have found not only decreased opioid activity in carriers of the SNP resulting in altered analgesic requirements, but also differences in the incidence of side-effects, including lessassociated nausea and vomiting. This has been found to be related to one of the key active metabolites of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M-6-G) [5]. Similar findings including less-effective analgesia and greater dose requirements have been confirmed for other opioids such as alfentanil [6]. Other SNPs of the m-opioid receptor have been found to be associated with a greater tendency towards opiate addiction [7]. Other researchers focussing on other opioid receptors have found various behavioural disturbances including heroin addiction and anorexia nervosa, which were associated with mutations in the delta opioid receptor (OPRD1) [8,9]. Opiate-derived analgesia is determined by the level of phosphorylation of the m-opioid receptor. This reaction is catalysed by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK) and the subsequent interaction with the ubiquitously expressed regulatory Correspondence to: Brian Peter Sweeney, Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Poole and Royal Bournemouth Hospitals, Castle Lane East, Bournemouth, Dorset BH7 7DW, UK. E-mail: email@example.com; Tel: 144 1202 442443; Fax: 144 1202 704196/442672


Configuration and activation energies and dipole tensors for single and multiple interstitials are calculated by computer simulation using three different potentials for Cu. The single interstitial forms a (100) dumb-bell. The di- and tri-interstitials consist of (100) dumb-bells on nearest-neighbour sites which are respectively parallel and orthogonal to each other. Multiple interstitials are strongly bound but like the single interstitial highly mobile. The tri-interstitial reorientates before it migrates. The binding volumes are relatively small, e.g. about 0.15 Delta V1 per interstitial atom for the tetra-interstitial. The anisotropy of the dipole tensor is only weakly affected by the choice of the potential, in contrast to the trace (i.e. the volume change). The results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental findings in Al.


Aim To study the cytotoxic effect of polypeptide P110 combined with cisplatin on cancer cells and the probable sensitizing effect on cisplatin.Methods Cell lines of SGC-119,HCT-119,HeLa,A-549,HUVEC were used.MTT was used to measure inhibitory effects on the growth of SGC-119,HCT-119,Hela,A-549,HUVEC cells.Results Cisplatin(or P110) dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of SGC-7901,HCT-116,HeLa and A-549.The inhibitory rate of P110 combined with cisplatin(3.3,10,30,90 μmol·L-1)was more than that of cisplatin single group(P0.05);10 μmol·L-1 cisplatin combined with P110 could achieve the greatest anti-tumor effect on HCT-116 and HeLa cells,and least toxicity on HUVEC cells.At the same concentration gradient,the cytotoxic effect on Hela was better than others(P0.01).Conclusions Polypeptide P110 can enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on gastric cancer cell line SGC-119,colon cancer cell line HCT-119,cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa and lung cancer cell line A-549.Polypeptide P110 alone has the cytotoxic effect on cancer cells too.Cisplatin combined with P110 can reduce the dose of cisplatin,and cut down the toxicity on HUVEC cells.The cytotoxic effect on cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa is the best.


To improve the college students' creative quality is the main part of educational activities' value. Traditional teaching ideas are not suitable for it. So we must reform our teaching patterns, bring the subjectivity of the students into fill play. "Set free fairly and wind up reasonably". Then made it become a kind of practice activity connecting the teacher and students. This is an urgent job.


A commercially available magnesium catalyst is active as a polymerization and depolymerization catalyst, allowing access to bio-based polycarbonates and their recycling by methanolysis.


Lists of the best places to live in the United States are as controversial and subjective as lists of Oscar nominees. A simple economic principle, though, can make the rankings much more objective and reflective of the average person's views.


It is shown that effective pair interactions (EPI) in disordered binary alloys can be calculated accurately and reliably by direct averaging over a small number of randomly selected configurations within the framework of the recursion method. This approach is illustrated on a canonical tight-binding Hamiltonian and relies on the 'orbital peeling' technique to calculate energy differences directly, without large subtractive cancellations. The results are checked for convergence, both as a function of the number of configurations and the number of levels of the continued fraction, and are also compared with more elaborate calculations. The main advantages of such a real-space method are the computational simplicity and the possibility to treat deviations from lattice periodicity. The EPI are basis quantities to understand the phase formation and stability of substitutionally disordered solid solutions.


We have prepared poly(imide siloxane) (PIS) films having various siloxane contents using a two-step polymerization technique and subjected them to a UV/ozone treatment using UV excitation in the range λ = 185−254 nm to form an SiOx layer on the surface of the PIS films. From electron spectroscopy chemical analysis (ESCA), we have confirmed that the PDMS surface layer in the PIS films converts into silica as the UV/ozone treatment time increases. Solid-state 29Si NMR provides evidence that the PDMS and silica coexist in the bulk. Gas permeation experiments on non-UV/ozone-treated and on UV/ozone-treated PIS films were carried out using helium (He), oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) penetrants. For PIS films having a high siloxane content (i.e., a volume fraction of 0.457), the UV/ozone treatment decreased the gas permeabilities, but increased the selectivity of several gas pairs owing to the formation of a dense silica layer, which increased with increasing treatment time.


SF<inf>6</inf> magnetized plasma column, around which F− ions are accumulated via radial diffusion, is generated by a dc discharge in a metal chamber. The Langmuir probe method is used to diagnose the plasma, and the density of the negative ions is evaluated utilizing the modified Bohm criterion. Parameter dependences of negative-ion densities across the applied magnetic field are investigated. Outside the electron-beam region (Φ = 20 mm) ion-ion plasma, where the ratio of negative-ion density to electron density ranges from 100 to 900, is produced. F− ion density is found to be ≈ 8 × 1017 m−3 at p = 0.13 Pa, B = 0.03 tesla. This ion-ion source is attractive for plasma etching.


Abstract In order to minimize the average end to end delay for data transporting in hybrid wireless optical broadband access network, a novel routing algorithm named MSTMCF (minimum spanning tree and minimum cost flow) is devised. The routing problem is described as a minimum spanning tree and minimum cost flow model and corresponding algorithm procedures are given. To verify the effectiveness of MSTMCF algorithm, extensively simulations based on OWNS have been done under different types of traffic source.


A phytochemical investigation of the stems and roots of Mucuna aterrima led to the isolation of the following constituents with nematicidal activity: KNO + NaNO, a mixture of fatty acids, a mixture of triacylglycerols, -sitosterol, stigmasterol, daucosterol, stigmasterol D-glycoside, allantoin. An in vitro bioassay was carried out, and at the concentration of 5 g ml the percentage of mortality caused by the compounds varied from 2.1% to 74.4% in the case of M. incognita and 0% to 74.2% for H. glycines. The non-essential amino acid L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa), present at 6-9% in the seeds of Mucuna spp. was tested for the first time against the phytonematodes M. incognita and H. glycines, and the LC was 21 g ml and 0.17 g ml respectively.


Reformulation is a process which consists of saying again an utterance which has already been said, but which goes through formal and/or semantic modifications. Sometimes, reformulations are signaled by specific markers, such as c'est-a-dire, disons, ca veut dire. We propose to study the reformulation phenomenon. More particularly, we concentrate on the syntagmatic structure S1 marker S2, coined around the reformulation markers, and in which the first segment S1 is reformulated by the second segment S2. The purpose of our study is to automatically differentiate between reformulation and non-reformulation occurrences of the markers studied. We design a rule-based system which relies on a set of rules to make the decision. Two kinds of French corpora are processed: spoken corpora ESLO and forum discussion corpus. The evaluation of the system is performed against the manually annotated and consensual reference data. Our system has been created on a subset of the spoken corpus and then applied to the rest of the data. The results obtained reach up to 0.75 precision and are comparable on the corpora analyzed, although spoken corpora remain more difficult to process.


The autogenous healing potential of cement-based materials is affected by multiple factors, such as mix composition, crack width, pre-cracking age and external environmental conditions. In this study, the effects of curing conditions and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on autogenous self-healing of early age cracks in cement mortar were investigated. Three curing conditions, i.e., standard curing, wet–dry cycles and incubated in water, and two SCMs, i.e., fly ash (FA) and blast furnace slag (BFS) with various contents (cement replacement ratio at 0%, 20%, and 40%) were examined. A single early age crack (pre-cracking age of 3 days) with a width of 200~300 μm was generated in cylindrical mortar specimens. Autogenous crack self-healing efficiency of mortar specimens was evaluated by performing a visual observation and a water permeability test. Moreover, microstructure analysis (XRD, SEM and TG/DTG) was utilized to characterize the healing products. The results indicated that the presence of water was essential for the autogenous self-healing of early age cracks in cement mortar. The efficiency of self-healing cracks was highest in specimens incubated in water. However, no significant self-healing occurred in specimens exposed to standard curing. For wet–dry cycles, a longer healing time was needed to obtain good self-healing compared to samples incubated in water. SCMs type and content significantly affected the autogenous self-healing ability of early age cracks. The self-healing efficiency of early age cracks decreased with increases in FA and BFS content. BFS mortars exhibited greater recovery in relation to water penetration resistance compared to the reference and FA mortars. Almost the same regain of water tightness and a lower crack-healing ratio after healing of 28 days in FA mortars were observed compared to the reference. The major healing product in the surface cracks of specimens with and without SCMs was micron-sized calcite crystals with a typical rhombohedral morphology.


Abstract This research is an investigation of symptoms of Tier IV data center failures in cases of unplanned and planed downtimes. The paper examines the consequent impacts of system fault, error, and failure from data center operation. It is important to distinguish among fault, error, and failure of the systems. How does the syndrome of active failure and propagating failure associated with pervasive causes of disasters. Each type of system failure has its own characteristic warning signs. The system availability of the relevant indicators is discussed in some detail, and a comprehensive prevention strategy must take into account of each escalating failure.


Correct treatment of subthreshold ¯ KNdynamics is mandatory in K − -atom and ¯ K-nuclear bound-state calculations, as demonstrated by using in-medium chirally-based models of ¯ KNinteractions. Recent studies of kaonic atom data reveal appreciable multi- nucleon contributions. ¯ K-nuclear widths larger than 50 MeV are anticipated.


We propose a novel 6 bits 40Gsamp/sec photonicsampled-and-quantized flash ADC structure, based on parallel phase-domain interferometric comparisons, realizable over Si/InP (possibly hybrid) photonic integrated circuits with complexity commensurate with the state-of-the-art of photonic integration, achieving high linearity and resilience to a multitude of impairments. Integrated Photonics, Photonic Integrated Circuits, Modulators, Analog to Digital Conversion, Phase Measurement.


In this paper, a "common interests" search engine and a collaboration platform based on peer-to-peer networks, called P2People, is presented. The aim of its development is to allow Internet users to form "common interests" groups and provide those group members with new ways to communicate, collaborate and do business with each other. It is based on JXTA P2P technology; it has an open, modular architecture and is programmed in Java. The main components of the application - architecture, services and algorithms (matching and reputation) - are analyzed and optimized from the point of view of scalability and resource consumption. Results confirm the increase of the application's performance.


In this paper, a tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) based on S-PINs is theoretically analyzed. Unit cell of the structure consists of a cutwire (CW), split ring resonator (SRR), and solid state plasma (SS plasma) patches which are composed of S-PIN array. The destructive interference between the CW and SRR results in a narrowband transparency window accompanied with strong phase dispersion. The proposed design can obtain a tunable EIT with different frequencies range from 12.8 GHz to 16.5 GHz in a simple method by switching these S-PINs on or off selectively. The related parameters of the S-PIN such as the size, carrier concentration, and volt-ampere characteristics have been studied theoretically. The interaction and coupling between two resonators are investigated in detail by the analysis of the current distribution and E-field strength as well. The research results provide an effective way to realize reconfigurable compact slow-light devices.


Under the new situation of short coal supply and of "separating the plant and the net", this article suggests the countermeasures to strengthen the management of"receiving, consuming, storing, quality, quantity and price", and gives out the three aspects of "internal controlling"system in coal management.


Nowadays, the uses of reusable materials can be seen everywhere. Plastic material is one of the most popular recycled products, particularly plastic bottles made of PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) and non-PET. Classification of plastic bottle types is necessary and is the first step for plastic bottles recycling processes. Thus, this paper presents multiple correlation method for classifying types of plastic bottles, PET and non-PET bottle. Correlation of each plastic bottle image was calculated from all colours (RGB) histogram of plastic bottle images. The test used 200 images of plastic bottle, 100 images for PET bottles and 100 images for non-PET bottles. Test results showed that the accuracies of classification of the system is 93.33%.


The reaction of an oxidised activated carbon with gaseous ammonia converts surface cyclic anhydride groups to amide and ammonium carboxylate species, which at elevated temperatures decompose to nitrile. Amine and alcohol species are also adsorbed products of ammonia treatment. Cyclic anhydride groups were hydrolysed by water to carboxylic acid groups, which were also possibly formed in conjunction with alcohol groups by lactone hydrolysis. Hydrogenation of carbon, catalysed by nickel, converted aromatic ether, epoxy and carbonyl species to polynuclear aromatic ring systems which were free of oxygen-containing substituents.


Objective To construct and identify human BMP2-IRES-HIF1αmu Adenovirus expressing carrier,transfect it in HEK293 cells,and determinate the virus droplet degrees.Methods PCR was used to amplify HIF1αmu segments,BstXⅠ and XbaⅠ double enzyme cut pIRES2-EGFP and recycling purpose extract.Connecting the recovery target gene with carrier segment.Then introduced it into E.coli for amplification.PCR was used to amplify BMP2 segments,NheⅠ and BamHⅠ double enzyme cut and recycling purpose extract.Connecting the recovery target gene with carrier segment.Then introduced it into E.coli for amplification and restructuring adenovirus expressing carrier.Using the enzyme cut analysis,PCR for identification.The correct recombinant express plasmid was transfected into HEK293 cells,and detecting the virus droplet degrees.Results The adenovirus shuttle plasmid was constructed.Green fluorescent expression was seen in transfected HEK293 cells.Conclusion The adenovirus shuttle plasmid is constructed,it is successfully expressed in HEK293 cells and GFP expression is found.


Purpose . To review publications relating to the key point of the genotyping technology that is competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (which is called now Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR, KASPTM) and its use in various genetic-breeding researching (a study of maize). Results . The essence of KASP-genotyping, its advantages are highlighted. The requirements for matrix DNA are presented, since the success of the KASP-analysis depends on its quality and quantity. Examples of global projects of plant breeding for increasing crop yields using the KASP genotyping technology are given. The results of KASP genotyping and their introduction into breeding and seed production, in particular, for determining genetic identity, genetic purity, origin check, marker-assisted selection, etc. are presented using maize as an example. It is demonstrated how genomic selection according to KASP genotyping technology can lead to rapid genetic enhancement of drought resistance in maize. Comparison of the effectiveness of creating lines with certain traits (for example, combination of high grain yield and drought resistance) using traditional breeding approaches (phenotype selection) and molecular genetic methods (selection by markers) was proved that it takes four seasons (two years in case of greenhouses) in order to unlock the potential of the plant genotype using traditional self-pollination, test-crossing and definitions), while using markers, the population was enriched with target alleles during one season. At the same time, there was no need for a stress factor. Conclusions . KASP genotyping technology is a high-precision and effective tool for modern genetics and breeding, which is successfully used to study genetic diversity, genetic relationship, population structure, genetic identity, genetic purity, origin check, quantitative locus mapping, allele mapping, marker-assisted selection, marker-assisted breeding. It is expedient and timely to introduce KASP genotyping technology in our country to solve a wide range of modern genetics, breeding, seed production tasks.


Responsive environments are physical surroundings whose components change their behavior to accommodate the presence of people as well as other components. We describe a means to manage responsive environments whereby each component is dynamically assigned a software agent. Software agents are autonomous and reactive/proactive programs that communicate via message-passing. Arbitrary functionalities can be encoded in such agents, reflecting the capabilities of the components they represent, as well as extending them. Ours is a flexible and scalable approach allowing the gradual population of environments with physical devices and their agents.


In this autoethnography, I offer a pedagogy of racial visibility. Drawing on my embodied experiences both in and outside of the classroom, I explore how I engage in dialogue with my students about theoretical and critical approaches toward understanding rhetorics of race in the United States. Specifically, as an embodied storyteller, I reflect upon my personal stories as a biracial Korean American woman and investigate the instabilities of racial identities, the taken-for-granted racial understandings, and racism and white privilege in America.


This resource guide contains information on all aspects of tobacco cessation/tobacco reduction to assist clinicians and researchers with improving the patient experience Latest resources, KRS News and Research highlights for Tobacco Reduction


We reanalyze the problem of a 1D Dirac single particle colliding with the electrostatic potential step of height $V_{0}$ with a positive incoming energy that tends to the limit point of the so-called Klein energy zone, i.e., $E\rightarrow V_{0}-\mathrm{m}c^{2}$, for a given $V_{0}$. In such a case, the particle is actually colliding with an impenetrable barrier. In fact, $V_{0}\rightarrow E+\mathrm{m}c^{2}$, for a given relativistic energy $E\,(<V_{0})$, is the maximum value that the height of the step can reach and that ensures the perfect impenetrability of the barrier. Nevertheless, we note that, unlike the nonrelativistic case, the entire eigensolution does not completely vanish, either at the barrier or in the region under the step, but its upper component does satisfy the Dirichlet boundary condition at the barrier. More importantly, by calculating the mean value of the force exerted by the impenetrable wall on the particle in this eigenstate and taking its nonrelativistic limit, we recover the required result. We use two different approaches to obtain the latter two results. In one of these approaches, the corresponding force on the particle is a type of boundary quantum force. Throughout the article, various issues related to the Klein energy zone, the transmitted solutions to this problem, and impenetrable barriers related to boundary conditions are also discussed. In particular, if the negative-energy transmitted solution is used, the lower component of the scattering solution satisfies the Dirichlet boundary condition at the barrier, but the mean value of the external force when $V_{0}\rightarrow E+\mathrm{m}c^{2}$ does not seem to be compatible with the existence of the impenetrable barrier.


Purpose – The overall aim of the study was to gauge the perceptions of both small businesses and banks, as to the role of banks in the growth, development and success of small entrepreneurial Northern Irish businesses.Design/methodology/approach – The authors employed a mixed methodological approach, involving a series of focus groups and semi‐structured interviews with SMEs and staff from three leading high street banks. A follow up survey was conducted using a sample of 250 SMEs.Findings – Evidence suggests that banks in Northern Ireland have been, and continue to be very supportive to their small business client base and have played a major role in the growth and development of many of these small entrepreneurial firms. Many SMEs felt that their local branch manager was both understanding and sympathetic to their business needs.Research limitations/implications – The study examined the views of a relatively small sample of SMEs and bank staff. A further investigation is planned where a much larger samp...


This paper provides a research about the simulation of DC double-loop speed control system. In the complex system designed, there are many parameters that need to be calculated and adjusted. For the traditional method, the design work is hard. It is difficult to regulate. With development of computer technology, it provides a platform with hardware and software. The system simulation model is built with the MATLAB software. When the system model is made, a subsystem is packed with main circuit and trigger circuit. The result of the simulation is practical and reasonable. The design work can be much reduced when using the simulation technology.


A number of recent results from X-ray observations of active galactic nuclei involving the Fe Kα line (reduction of line variability compared with the X-ray continuum variability, the X-ray 'Baldwin effect') were attributed to the presence of a hot, ionized skin of an accretion disc, suppressing emission of the line. The ionized skin appears as a result of the thermal instability of X-ray irradiated plasma. We test this hypothesis by computing the Thomson thickness of the hot skin on top of the αPtot Shakura–Sunyaev disc, by simultaneously solving the vertical structure of both the hot skin and the disc. We then compute a number of relations between observable quantities, e.g. the hard X-ray flux, amplitude of the observed reprocessed component, relativistic smearing of the Kα line and rms variability of the hard X-rays. These relations can be compared with present and future observations. We point out that this mechanism is unlikely to explain the behaviour of the X-ray source in MCG–6-30-15, where there are a number of arguments against the existence of a thick hot skin, but it can work for some other Seyfert 1 galaxies.


This paper presents mathematical modeling for manufactured product disassembly planning. It takes into account the recent research that has been done with regard to environmental aspects, economic constraints and actual operational disassembly factories. The method is based on a linear programming formalism and aims to integrate in a single model: product, system and context data. These data represent structural and end-of-life description of product, organization and resources of disassembly system, and the political and economical conjunctures. This model serves to find the optimal disassembly plan by optimizing the disassembly process profit as an objective function within an optimization problem. A set of constraints represents many product, system and context features.


The CTF3 project, being built within the frame-work of an international collaboration involving presently 15 institutions, is advancing as planned. To date, the electron linac with its sub-harmonic bunching system, the magnetic chicane for bunch-length variations, and the Delay Loop have been installed. The 1.5 GHz subharmonic bunching system with fast phase switching allows the longitudinal position of the bunches to be changed every 140 ns. This phase-coded beam has been successfully injected into the Delay Loop using an RF deflector and bunch interleaving of 140 ns long subbunch trains which double the bunch repetition frequency has been demonstrated in the extraction line. In addition to its role as a test bed for the CLIC RF power source, CTF3 is being used as a source of high-power RF at 30 GHz for the testing of CLIC accelerating structures. In this power-generating mode, about 100 MW of 30 GHz power is routinely extracted from the beam half-way up the linac by special-purpose power-extracting structures and transported to the high-gradient test area by low-loss waveguides. This paper describes the overall status of the CTF3 project and outlines the plans for the future.


High pressure measurements of the viscosities of liquids in the Fe‐S system are being carried out in a cubic press. Preliminary results of the viscosities of Fe‐27wt%S at 1225 °C and pressures up to 5 GPa are presented.


In recent years wind turbines have accepted an alternative for electrical power generation by coal and nuclear plants. The recent design of wind turbine is an improved form of the traditional wind mill. In past centuries the original use of wind turbine was in mechanical applications. In 700 AD Persian windmill, which was used to grind grain and pump water was the one of the first wind turbines. It has vertical-axis that could turn in one direction only and if the wind blew in the opposite direction, it would stop completely which resulted in an extremely low efficiency. Actually this paper is a review of control issues of wind turbine systems. These control issues like turbine speed estimation, control of breaking chopper, generator torque control, pitch angle control, dc/dc converter control, wind turbine to grid converter controlled and described different control issues for operation a complete wind farm based on (PMSG).


Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are actively involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). We assessed the effect of the anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐&agr; (TNF‐&agr;) monoclonal antibody infliximab on the in vitro and in vivo expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in CD. Methods Infliximab‐treated fistulizing (n = 10) or active disease (n = 7) CD patients, from an in‐house study, and fistulizing CD patients (n = 42) and active CD patients (n = 24) from 2 placebo controlled studies were evaluated for serum MMP levels and clinical response. Biopsies were evaluated immunohistochemically for the MMPs. Whole blood cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/infliximab were evaluated for MMP mRNA and protein levels. Results Serum MMP‐2 levels in CD patients increased during follow‐up, similarly in responders and nonresponders, by infliximab. Immunohistochemistry showed no clear MMP‐2 change in biopsies. Serum MMP‐9 levels, however, showed a consistent pattern of decrease in most CD patients, particularly in those responding, and MMP‐9‐positive polymorphonuclear leukocytes in biopsies also decreased by infliximab. LPS stimulation of whole blood increased the MMP‐9 levels in plasma significantly in CD patients and controls, but infliximab had no effect on the secretion. Long‐term LPS stimulation raised leukocyte MMP‐9 mRNA levels 16‐fold and infliximab inhibited this induction by 80%. Conclusions Infliximab treatment increases MMP‐2 and decreases MMP‐9 in serum of patients with CD, the latter also in the intestine, which extends and confirms our previous ex vivo explants observations. However, these changes were not strictly associated with the response to treatment. The enhanced leukocyte MMP‐9 expression in CD seems to be regulated by TNF‐&agr;. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007)


To investigate whether sperm recovery is related to clinical features, hormone parameters and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS).


The present work include synthesized new 2-amino-4-subs. thiozole(1) from reaction of 2-N-chloro acetamido Creatinine with thiourea. Compound (1) was treated with sodium nitrate and hydrochloric acid in (0-5oC) to form diazonium salt (2), then   diazonium salt reacted with acetylacetone and hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine to give pyrazole ring (4-6). On the other hand, diazonium salt was react with pyrrole in the presence of glacial acetic acid to form compound (7) and with different Schiff bases to produce compounds (8-9). Prepared compounds were measured by IR and melting point and some of them by 1HNMR and their biological activity was studied.


A generator using compressed air is provided to efficiently generate a desired amount of electricity using small power which is required to produce compressed air first. A generator using compressed air includes a compressed-air producing unit(10), a cylindrical body(21), a power generating unit(20), a low pressure vacuum pump(30), an electricity generating unit(50), and a battery(80). The compressed-air producing unit includes a compressor(11) for compressing air, and a storage tank(12) for storing the air compressed by the compressor. The cylindrical body has at an upper position on one side thereof an inlet port(22) into which the compressed air stored in the storage tank is introduced, and has at a lower position on the other side an outlet port(23) through which the compressed air is discharged. The power generating unit is accommodated in the cylindrical body, and is provided with a rotating shaft(24) installed in the center of the cylindrical body, and radial blades(25) rotated by the compressed air which flows in to and out from the power generating unit. The low pressure vacuum pump is coupled to the outlet port, and draws in and discharges the compressed air, thus rotating the blades. The power generating unit is coupled to the rotating shaft, and generates electricity by the rotation of the rotating shaft. The battery is charged with electricity which is produced from the electricity generating unit.


This paper presents the results of some experimental EMC tests performed on different mobile synchronous generators. These results show that, besides normal EMI generated by rectifying diodes in the field current circuit, additional noise raises from mechanical vibration of electric connection devices and friction between different insulating materials. Further investigations demonstrate that such vibration-derived EMI depends on connectivity of both of inner and outer wire connectors, where load and field currents are flowing. The experiments reveal these additional EMI generating mechanisms by comparing the synchronous generator EMI before and after proper modifications of the power cable connection and layout. Also rubbing different insulating materials can produce static electricity discharge, which results in additional EMI source. Further suggestions for EMI reduction are also discussed.


Field experiment was carried out on Chinese flowering cabbage with four treatments including no fertilizer,conventional fertilization,reduced fertilization and the optimized fertilization,and the related indexes such as yield and quality etc.were investigated,and then the economic benefit and fertilizer use efficiency were analyzed.The results indicated that the yield of the reduced fertilization and the optimized fertilization was equivalent to the treatment of the conventional fertilization,while the nutrients dosage was only 85.0% and 56.5%.Compared with the conventional fertilization,the revenue of the optimized fertilization treatment increased by 6.8%,However,the cost of fertilizer reduced by 59.9%,and the ratio of output to input was up to 13.4∶1,which improved by 168%than that of the conventional fertilization.In addition,compared with the conventional fertilization,the content of VC increased by 45.4% and the nitrate content reduced by 43.3% when using the optimized fertilization scheme.Meanwhile,the use efficiency of nitrogen,phosphate and potassium was raised by 58.9%,280.6%and 105.9%,respectively.The experiment proved that the optimized fertilization could improve the quality of Chinese flowering cabbage obviously and enhance the fertilizer use efficiency.


A discussion of the subjective experience of reverberation and echo in urban space by linking the mythical story of Echo with the signature sound of Burial's music productions


Origami concept is one of the biggest trends of design in the world for the past few years, Origami is not only a sophisticated art form, but it inspires innovative concepts in design and inventions in engineering, architecture, and technology. Also this art of paper folding has greatly influenced artists and designers from fashion to interior design, inspiring numerous origami style products and spaces. 27 The paper proposes an approach where theatrical costumes design can be developed according to the origami concept. Costumes designers can take advantages of the complex origami concept, by the use of folded fabric techniques and computer technology, where algorithms of mathematical and geometric patterns can produce new designs and forms of costumes design. This will opens up new horizons in costumes design inspired from origami concept in the formation of the theatrical costumes design. 27 http://www.designandpaper.com/?p=2411


The incidence of breast cancer is on the rise globally, and the Indian state of Kerala is no exception. Kerala has a vibrant and exciting history of social and political struggles centered on the female breast, as is evidenced by the system of breast tax applicable to lower caste women and the breast cloth revolt. Despite this long history of public attention, the diseased female breast remains an area of silence. In Western countries, the Breast Cancer Movement has played a significant role in bringing awareness on breast cancer. Unlike in the Western world and certain other parts of India, Kerala has not seen a Breast Cancer Movement, and there are no public spaces available for discussion of breast cancer. Research has shown that breast cancer diagnosis and treatment are often delayed in the case of Asian women. This study analyses the personal narratives of women with breast cancer to identify the reasons for this delay which usually affects the survival of women. Several social, economic, and cultural factors that contribute to the delay in diagnosing and treating breast cancer come up in these narratives. The attempt here is to understand breast cancer in the social and cultural context of Kerala. In the light of the evidence shown by my research, I argue that the absence of breast cancer movements or activism is a major cause of the current situation in Kerala. It is essential for a movement organised by women to bring about a radical change in the Kerala scenario concerning women with breast cancer.


Ultrasonic motors using longitudinal and torsional modes of a rod vibrator were studied. Some forms of the motor construction are proposed herein, and the operational principles are described together with the measured characteristics. The motors dealt with are expected to have practical application when further improved.


In recent years, there is an increasing interest in noninvasive treatments for neurological disorders like Alzheimer and Depression. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one of the most effective methods used for this purpose. The performance of TMS highly depends on the coils used for the generation of magnetic field and induced electric field particularly their designs affecting depth and focality tradeoff characteristics. Among a variety of proposed and used TMS coil designs, circular coils are commonly used both in research and medical and clinical applications. In current study, we focus on changing the outer and inner sizes (diameter) and winding turns of ring coils and try to reach deeper brain regions without significant field strength decay. The induced electric field and the decay rate of the generated field with depth were studied with finite element method calculations. The results of the performed simulations indicate that larger diameter coils have a larger equivalent field emission aperture and produce larger footprint of induced electric field initially. However, their emission solid angles are smaller and, as a result, the field divergence or the decay rates of the generated field with depth are smaller as well, which give them a good potential to perform better for deep brain stimulation compared with that of smaller coil.


The conversion of tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (I) to 2-acetoxy-D-glucal triacetate (II) was found to be catalyzed by secondary amines containing n-alkyl groups. Substitution at the α-...


An inverted repeat corresponding to parts of the centrin gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was placed downstream of the NIT1 promoter, which is induced by ammonium starvation. After induction, transformants developed centrin deficiency as assayed by immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and Northern blotting. The effect was reversible, demonstrating that the NIT1 promoter allowed controlled RNA interference in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii .