Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is a rare complication after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). An AEF is a pathological connection between the aorta and gastrointestinal tract that is invariably life-threatening. Primary AEFs occur de novo due to mechanical factors, aortic inflammation or infection. Secondary AEFs commonly involve a previously placed aortic graft. Almost all secondary AEF occur after open AAA repair but cases following EVAR are reported. We present our experience with this rare complication, which is unique because it was only identified at time of operation. An 85-year-old female with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia on ibrutinib and atrial fibrillation on rivaroxaban was referred to a vascular surgeon with a 38 × 30 mm incidental saccular infrarenal aortic aneurysm. There was no clinical evidence that the aneurysm was mycotic. She underwent an uncomplicated endovascular graft repair using a Gore Excluder AAA Endograft (W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.; Newark, Delaware, US). Follow-up duplex ultrasound at 24 months post-operatively demonstrated a patent stent graft with no evidence of endoleak. Twenty-five months post-operatively, the patient developed left lower quadrant abdominal pain, night sweats and constipation. She denied any gastrointestinal bleeding. Investigation of her abdominal pain including a colonoscopy did not identify a cause. She presented to the emergency department 2 days after the colonoscopy with increased abdominal pain but no peritonism. Her inflammatory markers were raised (white cell count 13; C-reactive protein 135). A computed tomography (CT) angiogram excluded bowel perforation but new findings of small air locules around the endograft and fat stranding raised suspicion for graft infection. No AEF was identified (Fig. 1). Positron emission tomography showed increased metabolism surrounding the infrarenal abdominal aorta and both proximal iliac vessels at the site of the graft, consistent with an inflammatory response. Radiolabeled leucocyte scintigraphy was unremarkable and her blood cultures were negative. She was treated for an endograft infection with intravenous ampicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole. After extensive discussion with the patient and family regarding treatment options, the patient elected to have open surgery. Bilateral axillofemoral bypass grafts were completed with 8 mm polytetrafluroethylene. Laparotomy was subsequently performed and control achieved with supracoeliac and bilateral external and internal iliac artery dissection. Further dissection of the infrarenal aorta revealed the third part of the duodenum adhered to the aneurysm sac. The duodenum was peeled off the sac to reveal a paraprosthetic aortoduodenal fistula with gross suppuration of the aneurysm sac. The proximal and distal endograft attachment sites were intact (Fig. 2). Clamps were applied and the graft explanted.


Photoluminescence (PL) imaging provide defect and dislocation characteristics not only in a 4H silicon carbide (SiC) epilayer but also in a substrate. In this work, to detect a large-pit or a bar-shaped stacking fault (BSF) before epilayer growth, we employed PL under various detection conditions. A large-pit was detected as a dark spot on a 4H-SiC substrate due to dislocations orthogonal to a micropipe. The BSF was clearly observed as a bright rectangle by tuning the observation conditions. The finding indicates that device killing defects or dislocations should be detected as soon as possible and thus improve the yield.


The objective of this bachelor thesis was to design and to create intranet application which will be used for collecting data about lost times on the production line for textile fabric impregnation. It should substitute a current paper form records. In the opening captures are mentioned web technologies which were used when the application was created. In the next part of the thesis is carried out the data flow analysis of the workplace and designed structure of database for the selected tallies. The remaining part of the thesis contains a user's and programmer's description of application.


Motivational intervention is broadly defined as any clinical strategy designed to enhance client motivation for change. It can include counseling, client assessment, multiple sessions, or a 30-minute brief intervention. This chapter examines the elements of effective motivational approaches and supporting research. Motivational strategies are then correlated with the stages-of-change model (a framework that is discussed in Chapter 1 and elaborated on in later chapters) to highlight approaches that are appropriate to specific stages. Recommendations are presented for providing motivational interventions that are responsive and sensitive to differing cultural and diagnostic needs, as well as to different settings and formats. This chapter concludes with a description of an increasingly accepted type of intervention known as a brief intervention, which is useful outside of traditional substance abuse treatment settings. For a broader discussion of brief interventions and therapies, refer to the forthcoming TIP, Brief Interventions and Brief Therapies for Substance Abuse (CSAT, in press [a]).


The research found that the problems are faced by Writing 1 students in organizing ideas when they are writing a paragraph are classified into five. They are topic sentence problems, supporting sentence problems, concluding sentence problems, unity problems, and coherence problems. Topic sentence problems include
the topic sentence is unclear, there is not topic sentence, it does not have controlling idea, and it is too general. Supporting sentence problems include the supporting detail is unclear and there is lack of detail or explanation. Concluding sentence problems include there is not concluding sentence and there is not end-of paragraph signal. Unity problems include in one paragraph discusses two main ideas and there is supporting sentence which does not explain the main idea or it is called irrelevant sentence. Coherence problems include there is lack of transition signal and it does not use chronological transition signal.
Whereas, the causes of those organization problem also classified into five. They are the cause of the topic sentence problem is the matching of topic sentence with the genre of paragraph, the cause of supporting sentence problem is the difficulty in finding facts, the cause of concluding sentence problem is the worry that their concluding sentence does not represent the content of paragraph, the cause of unity problem is the difficulty in keeping the supporting sentence in order that it does not deviate from the topic, the cause of coherence problem is the lack understanding in using transition signal.


We consider two-player zero-sum differential games (ZSDGs), where the state process (dynamical system) depends on the random initial condition and the state process's distribution, and the objective functional includes the state process's distribution and the random target variable. Unlike ZSDGs studied in the existing literature, the ZSDG of this paper introduces a new technical challenge, since the corresponding (lower and upper) value functions are defined on $\mathcal{P}_2$ (the set of probability measures with finite second moments) or $\mathcal{L}_2$ (the set of random variables with finite second moments), both of which are infinite-dimensional spaces. We show that the (lower and upper) value functions on $\mathcal{P}_2$ and $\mathcal{L}_2$ are equivalent (law invariant) and continuous, satisfying dynamic programming principles. We use the notion of derivative of a function of probability measures in $\mathcal{P}_2$ and its lifted version in $\mathcal{L}_2$ to show that the (lower and upper) value functions are unique viscosity solutions to the associated (lower and upper) Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equations that are (infinite-dimensional) first-order PDEs on $\mathcal{P}_2$ and $\mathcal{L}_2$, where the uniqueness is obtained via the comparison principle. Under the Isaacs condition, we show that the ZSDG has a value.


The rapid development of China's agricultural products e-commerce has led to an increasing demand for cold chain logistics as its offline activities. However, the development of cold chain logistics has not kept pace with the development of agricultural products e-commerce in recent years. This paper aims to study the linkage development of agricultural products e-commerce and cold chain logistics. Firstly, the current development status and future development trend indicators of agricultural products e-commerce and cold chain logistics distribution are selected. Agricultural products e-commerce includes 2 primary indicators: infrastructure and level of technological development, and market development potential, and cold chain logistics includes 3 primary indicators: quality of development, infrastructure and market development potential. Each primary indicators include 10 secondary indicators. Secondly, grey relational analysis (GRA) is used to study the development of agricultural products e-commerce and cold chain logistics distribution. The results found that from 2014 to 2018, the two subsystems showed a basic uncoordinated state; from 2019 to 2021, the two subsystems were in a basic coordinated state, but there was still a certain gap from coordination. Finally, the coupling mechanism between agricultural products e-commerce and cold chain logistics is constructed. The research in this paper gives certain suggestions for the development planning of cold chain logistics for agricultural products e-commerce. It improves the business efficiency and business value of cold chain logistics enterprises and enhances the consumption experience degree of agricultural products e-commerce customers.


Abstract A case report is presented of erectile dysfunction. Triggered by the wife's hostility and maintained by the subsequent fear of failure, it responded well to imaginal systematic desensitization and a form of in vivo assertiveness training which aought to directly modify the stimulus rahter than the patient's response. Follow-up after twenty four months showed that the improvement has been maintained.


For the feature analysis of vector fields we decompose a given vector field into three components: a divergence-free, a rotation-free, and a harmonic vector field. This Hodge-type decomposition splits a vector field using a variational approach, and allows to locate sources, sinks, and vortices as extremal points of the potentials of the components. Our method applies to discrete tangential vector fields on surfaces, and is of global nature. Results are presented of applying the method to test cases and a CFD flow.


Abstract We present a comparative analysis of neutrino models based on a broad class of low scale seesaw mechanisms, viz., type II, inverse (ISS) and linear seesaw (LSS) mechanisms that are used to realize the tiny masses of neutrino. In particular, we present their lagrangians with respective particle content. We incorporate A4 flavour symmetry into our models to investigate the light neutrino masses and mixings and flavour structure as well. Apart from it, symmetries like U(1)X , Z4 and Z5 to make the models viable are also used. Recent global fit values of neutrino oscillation parameters are used to find the unknown neutrino oscillation parameters such as the lightest neutrino mass and CPV phases (Dirac and Majorana). These unknown parameters can be found by solving a set of simultaneous equations obtained by using A4 product rules in the Lagrangian for different VEV alignments of the triplet flavon field. Finally these data of unknown neutrino oscillation parameters are used to study cLFV (Charged lepton flavour violation) decay μ → e + γ and is constrained using their latest bounds and sensitivities. Though we have constructed the models for all type II, ISS and LSS models for the sake of comparison, we focus on computation in LSS in this work. Computations are done up to the tolerance level < 10−5.


Chemists at Indiana University, Bloomington, have devised a separation technique for analyses of mixtures of closely related polypeptides [ J. Chromatogr. , 519 , 189 (1990)]. The technique may find use in assay, characterization, and sequencing of genetically engineered proteins. Developed by analytical chemistry professor Milos V. Novotny, the technique is a variation of capillary zone electrophoresis in which cyclodextrins are added to the aqueous buffer medium. In addition, Novotny has invented a series of intensely fluorescing derivativizing agents that allow detection of 10 to 18 attomoles (10 -18 mole) of peptides and other analyte types. Capillary zone electrophoresis typically uses capillary tubes about 1-meter long with a 50-μm internal diameter (C&EN, Mar. 7, 1988, page 27). Capillary outer walls are coated with polyimide to impart strength. Application of electric fields from 15 to 30 kV between capillary ends causes migration of analyte and buffer ions through the liquid as well as migration ...


The present invention relates to a covering element provided with a display device and a method of manufacturing such a element.Cet covering element is composed of a substrate, an intermediate foam layer and of a surface translucent skin. It incorporates a backlight display device with a mask whose projection is displayed at a skin display area surfacique.Element interior trim, characterized in that the light box (7) or each device (5) projection display is at least partly fitted into a receiving housing (10) formed in the corresponding substrate (2) and the intermediate material layer (3) and extending to the internal face of the display area (6) concerned of the skin (4) and in that a plate (11) of transparent or translucent semi-rigid material is attached, directly or with interposition of the mask (9) on said inner face (6 ') of the display area (6).


We describe a detailed analysis for the l = 0 transition to the 2.36 MeV 1/2/sup +/ level in /sup 23/Mg where the analyzing powers are large and oscillatory at T/sub p/ = 94 MeV. Distorted-wave Born approximation calculations completely fail to reproduce this behavior. Qualitative agreement is obtained only by introducing a great deal of absorption artificially, e.g., by using a large radial cutoff.


The evolution of prenatal testing has led to a marked increase in the accuracy of screening for Down syndrome and other chromosomal conditions. From assessment of risk based on maternal age alone to the advent of serum screening, and ultimately combined testing utilizing serum markers and sonographic nuchal translucency thickness (NT), detection rates have increased from approximately 30% to greater than 90% over the past 20 years. However, in order to achieve these advances, false-positive rates (FPR) have remained fairly stagnant, at around 5%. The introduction of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) via cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis addresses this issue, with a high sensitivity (>99%) coupled with an extremely low FPR (0.1%)1. Recent studies have demonstrated this same performance in the general screening population2, making its widespread utilization likely in the future. As such, careful consideration is appropriately being given to implementation of this technology, both at the level of the individual provider and as part of a nationwide or public prenatal screening program. A number of publications have reported initial experiences with preliminary models of NIPT implementation in public-health-based programs. These models suggest two mechanisms for implementation of NIPT: as a first-line screening tool (effectively replacing conventional serum and NT screening) or as a secondary screen for women who receive test results from conventional screening that fall within a relatively wide predetermined set of cut-offs. The latter type of contingent model proposes that only women with very high-risk (> 1:10) results be offered diagnostic testing directly, while those with highor intermediate-risk results (according to the selected cut-off) go on to receive NIPT as a second screening step. The primary motivation behind the contingent model seems to be cost control, as the current cost of NIPT exceeds that of conventional screening. For national screening programs, the desire may be to achieve an improved system, with higher detection rates and a lower rate of invasive testing secondary to lower FPRs, that maintains overall cost at about the same level as that of conventional screening. However, if the ultimate goal of national healthcare programs is to promote 'informed, autonomous reproductive choice'3, then factors other than just cost must also be considered. The promise of cfDNA testing, to which it now appears to live up, was the combination of both high sensitivity and high specificity for Down syndrome, well beyond the performance of other screening modalities. For conventional screening methods, detection rates can be improved by lowering the cut-off level for screen-positivity. Obviously, this automatically increases the FPR. Until now, a FPR of 5% kept the numbers of potentially risky invasive tests and their cost within limits that are apparently acceptable for society. Since NIPT is safe, and cheaper than invasive testing, it is not surprising that a model using a lower cut-off, at least theoretically, could be seen as a logical choice. Some models have proposed a target detection rate of 97% for Down syndrome, with NIPT being offered to women who receive conventional screening test results in the range of < 1/100 to 1/25004–6; this would lead to an estimated 25–30% of a given population being offered NIPT as part of their screening protocol4,6. In such a model, compared with a model in which NIPT would be offered to all pregnant women as a first-line screening test, detection rates would be only slightly lower, and the total number of invasive procedures, true positives and false positives combined, would be similar. However, if the lower risk cut-off were changed from 1/2500 to 1/1000 or even less, no significant improvement in detection rates relative to that of traditional screening would be achieved5. In order to assist in the current hot and important debate concerning prenatal screening in the near future, we would like to appraise critically the few arguments often mentioned in favor of the proposed contingent model, and give three major reasons why we should not choose this complex, stress-inducing compromise but should accept all true benefits of the technological breakthrough for which we have been waiting for the last three decades. For national healthcare systems, efficient use of limited resources is paramount. The primary, and perhaps only, advantage of a contingent model is reduction in the overall cost of a prenatal screening program when compared with implementation of NIPT as a first-line test. Currently, the cost of NIPT exceeds that of conventional screening; however, this cost is expected to drop swiftly as uptake worldwide and advances in technology increase. In a recent cost-effectiveness study in The Netherlands, the authors concluded that, while the contingent model is more affordable today (costing €164), NIPT as a primary screen becomes the preferred model when the price drops to below €2543. Only a few years ago, when NIPT was


This thesis concerns quantitative genetic aspects of the conservation biology of two rare plants, Scabiosa canescens and Silene diclinis. Particular attention was given to the effects of genetic drift on the structuring of variation in allozymes and quantitative characters, the association between (current) population size and quantitative genetic variation, the level of inbreeding depression in fitness characters and morphology in a small, isolated population, and the effect of inbreeding and intraspecific hybridization on developmental instability. Some of the Scabiosa studies included the more common and widespread Scabiosa columbaria as a reference species. The quantitative genetic structure within Scabiosa canescens and Silene diclinis — low between-population variance combined with high within-population variation — suggests that the current number of individuals is a poor predictor of the adaptive potential of a population and that it takes many generations before random genetic drift reduces the quantitative genetic variation of small, isolated populations. A majority of the allozyme and quantitative characters in Scabiosa canescens and Silene diclinis showed similar levels of population subdivision, suggesting some overlap between the structure of variation in monogenic and polygenic characters. However, there is no reason to believe that this pattern is general. For example, the Silene data indicated a tendency for some characters (leaf size) to be more strongly differentiated than the allozymes, and S. columbaria, a close relative of S. canescens, showed higher population differentiation for phenotypic traits than for allozymes. Hence, as long as high resolution QTL-analyses cannot be performed, conservation strategies based on variation at marker loci may be misleading. The observation that flower fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is sensitive to inbreeding suggests that measures of developmental instability could serve as an early warning system for monitoring the effects of genetic stress in rare, threatened species. However, given the low statistical power in studies of developmental instability, I urge caution in the use of FA as a measure of genetic stress at the individual level, unless several measurements on repeated organs from each individual are available. (Less)


The present invention provides a solution for managing and controlling document transfer and electronic data exchange. Specifically, the present invention solves the problem, a check on data (documents, image files and attachments, which are hereinafter referred to as 'documents') to have associated with several types of data transmission. In this sense, the present invention provides a hub and spoke communications model to achieve varied benefits in terms of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, flexibility and control. This type of targeted control is critical when sharing data in a cloud computing environment. This approach is also useful for utilities to optimize processes and thanks to the creation and management of access control lists (ACL) are amplified for the hub and spoke system. In that regard, the present invention solves the problem of access control lists to update automatically when forwarded documents, or be replaced by other means between a plurality of people. These ACLs are sent by the analysis, to whom (and where) a document kept up to date.


Riboswitches function through cotranscriptional conformation switching governed by cognate ligand concentration, RNA folding and transcription elongation kinetics. To investigate how these parameters influence riboswitch folding, we developed a novel vectorial folding assay (VF) in which the superhelicase Rep-X sequentially liberates the RNA strand from a heteroduplex in a 5'-to-3' direction, mimicking the nascent chain emergence during transcription. The RNA polymerase (RNAP)-free VF recapitulates the kinetically controlled cotranscriptional folding of a ZTP riboswitch, whose activation is favored by slower transcription, strategic pausing, or a weakened transcriptional terminator. New methods to observe positions and local rates of individual helicases show an average Rep-X unwinding rate similar to bacterial RNAP elongation (~60 nt/s). Real-time single-molecule monitoring captured folding riboswitches in multiple states, including an intermediate responsible for delayed terminator formation. These methods allow observation of individual folding RNAs as they occupy distinct folding channels within the landscape that controls gene expression and showed that riboswitch fate control is encoded in its sequence and is readily interpreted by a directionally moving protein even in the absence of an RNA polymerase.


Objective To explore effective intramuscular injection techniques operated on health-care train.Methods Intramuscular injection techniques were undertook in the moving train by operators,who had been trained according to clinical nursing technical operation standards.The injection effects were assessed.After that,some modified intramuscular injection process and measures were put forwards and were practiced on the same moving train.The effects were re-assessed.Results The clinical injection techniques used on the moving train needed long time and the effect was poor.The differences were significant compared with the techniques used on the land(P0.01).The modified injection techniques were better in operation duration and effect compared with unmodified methods(P0.01).Conclusion The modified intramuscular injection techniques are more suitable for operating on the health-care train.


From analysis of the evoution of Ming Poetry on three stages, Each of them bears its own characteristics, styles and representatives with their names listed on our poetry are not negligible. In view of the development and traditional inheritance, Ming Poetry bears its own evolutionary tracks with the inheritance and imitation of Tang and Song Poetry as well as the influence on Qing Poetry. As a result, Ming Poetry may not be neglected once more on the studies of our poetry and literature history.


The relevance of the article is explained by the need to resolve the unresolved issue in the doctrine of how liability for encroachment on the environment should be regulated in the draft of the new CC. The purpose of writing this article is to study the approaches used in the criminal codes of European countries regarding the location in the system of their special parts of norms devoted to the regulation of responsibility for encroachment on the environment, to compare these approaches with the option embodied in the Project, as well as to develop, on this basis, scientifically based recommendations regarding improvement of the relevant provisions of the Project. A wide range of scientific methods was used during the research, in particular when proving the stated hypotheses and substantiating the conclusions, among which the following should be highlighted: comparative-legal, formal-logical, philosophical, methods of system analysis and modeling. Based on the results of writing the article, a conclusion is made about the need to allocate a separate book on criminal offenses against the environment, to which the sections devoted to criminal offenses against environmental safety and the procedure for the use and protection of natural resources, which are currently not in "their" books, would be "transferred", respectively. The advantages of this approach are that it makes it possible to ensure the specificity of criminal offenses against the environment as much as possible; absolute correlation between generic, specific and main direct objects of specific criminal offenses included in their composition; continuity of the criminal legislation of Ukraine; and also takes into account the best foreign practices. The obtained results can be used in scientific and law-making activities, as well as in the work on further improvement of the project of the new Criminal Code.


When RAID volume is newly created, the data in RAID is then initialized. The process formats the RAID volume to clear any previously data and initialize redundancy information. This paper investigates others' initialization methods, and proposes a new initialization method. It makes RAID initialization and I/O request processing parallel, and reduces initialization time efficiently. Testing results reveals a moderately successful performance improvement.


The invention relates to a sub-critical extraction process of coconut oil. Fresh and mature coconut meat serves as a raw material and sub-critical fluid serves as an extraction solvent to obtain natural coconut crude oil through sub-critical extraction and low-pressure analysis, the sub-critical fluid is used continuously after compression, and the crude oil is subjected to post-processing technologies such as filtration and decoloration to obtain high-quality edible-grade coconut oil. Monomers of several major products in the coconut oil can be extracted by using processes such as grading analysis to obtain coconut oil products with higher added values. The process is high in extraction ratio, the obtained coconut oil reserves all useful components of the natural coconut oil, residual extracting solvent after the analysis can be avoided, and the quality of the coconut oil is greatly improved compared with the existing process.


Our research explores the integration of motion-based touchless interaction with human-robots interaction to support game-based learning for children with intellectual disability. The paper discusses the design challenges of this novel approach and presents the design concepts of our initial prototypes.


Dear Editor:

Lymphedema is a common sequelae after cancer surgery with lymph node dissection1. A lymphedematous limb, which is prone to the development of infections or tumors, suggests an alteration in regional immune competence2. Neutrophilic dermatosis on postmastectomy lymphedema (NDPL) is a newly suggested disease by Demitsu and Tadaki3 It is also referred to as localized Sweet's syndrome (SS) because of the histological similarities between the two conditions4. Herein, we report additional cases of neutrophilic dermatosis confined within a lymphedematous site and a review of the disease entity.

All three cases involved female patients, two of whom were breast cancer patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissections (Table 1). The third patient had undergone radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection for cervical cancer. Lymphedema was confined to the lymphnode-dissected limb developed in all three patients after the surgery. All of them rapidly developed erythematous rashes on their lymphedematous limb (Fig. 1A, B). Skin biopsy revealed marked papillary dermal edema and dense dermal neutrophil infiltrates, consistent with the histopathologic features of SS (Fig. 1C, D). The laboratory findings, including white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were within the normal ranges, except in case 3 (ESR: 35 mm/h; CRP: 4.09 mg/dl). Each case was treated with topical or oral corticosteroid, or oral antibiotics. In case 3, the lesion recurred rapidly after initially being treated with oral antibiotics. After the administration of oral corticosteroid, the lesion rapidly resolved within 1 week. On the basis of the characteristic distribution of the lesion and the histopathologic features, a diagnosis of 'neutrophilic dermatosis on the lymphedematous area' was made.

Fig. 1

(A) Case 1. Multiple variable-sized erythematous papules, vesicles, and plaques localized on the right lymphedematous arm. (B) Case 3. Multiple erythematous papules and patches confined on the left lymphedematous leg. (C, D) Histopathological findings. ...

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of the three cases

Neutrophilic dermatosis or SS localized on the area of lymphedema is rare, and only 11 cases have been reported1,3,4. The clinical presentations of previously reported cases were erythematous papules, plaques, and vesicles on the lymphedematous arm after a mastectomy, which are consistent with our cases1,3,4. The pathomechanism cannot be fully demonstrated; however, the vulnerability of the lymphedematous area seems to be the main factor1,2,5. The stasis of protein-rich lymphatic fluid contains numerous cytokines that might attract neutrophils and also result in the impairment of immune surveillance2,5. Because this dermatosis shows typical clinicohistopathological findings of SS, they are considered a localized variant of SS4. However, other systemic presentations, such as leukocytosis, neutrophilia, or fever, were less frequent than in typical SS. Therefore, several other reports suggested the use of the new term NDPL1,3. Other clinical differential diagnosis included cellulitis or erysipelas. Contrary to cellulitis or erysipelas, the lesion was confined only to the lymphedematous area and was well treated with oral or topical corticosteroid1,4. Although the 11 reports to date were cases of a lesion on a lymphedematous arm after a mastectomy, our report includes one case of a lesion that had developed on the lymphedematous leg after a hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Consequently, our cases suggest a novel point that a lesion could develop on any lymphedematous limb after lymph node dissection. Therefore, we suggest the term 'neutrophilic dermatosis on the lymphedematous area' rather than NDPL.


Abstract This paper describes recent research concerning the Active Stereo Probe (ASP)stereo vision system that combines animate oculo-motor reflexes with a novelactive illumination source. Two methods for accurate surface recovery from stereoat rates approaching real time are described. Results using texture projectioncombined with a fast sub-pixel matching algorithm are presented. Thedevelopment of a high accuracy, fast active ranging technique based upon temporalmodulation is also presented. A number of novel extensions are introduced toaddress this technique's traditional shortfalls and place it in a sound theoreticalframework. A calibration regime suitable for incorporating photogrammetrictechniques into the ASP active vision system during dynamic system operation isdescribed. 1. Introduction The Active Stereo Probe (ASP) project is concerned with both active andanthropomorphic approaches to vision. This paper sets out to describe some of theactive vision aspects of the project. Two differing definitions for active vision areevident in the computer vision literature. The utilisation of active illumination orradiant energy is the more established definition; while recent research using activelymobile passive sensors has also been termed active vision. The ASP system containscomponents of both types of active vision.One of the primary goals of ASP is to develop a stereo vision system applicablein domains such as biostereometrics, reverse engineering, virtual reality, telepresenceand symbolic coding for 3D video transmission purposes. We believe that real successin these application areas is critically dependent on the recovery of accurate three-dimensional surface models at rates approaching "real-time". It is also our belief thatsuch a system will require the flexibility provided by animate viewpoint control andvision based sensor control reflexes if its performance is not to be crippled byconstraints on scene content and the viewpoint of the cameras.Recent advances in Liquid Crystal light valve technology have made viable the useof non-coherent structured illumination sources that allow fast, accurate and flexiblestructured light approaches to the acquisition of 3D data from close rangephotogrammetry. In order to exploit this Liquid Crystal technology within the ASPproject, a state-of-the-art Active Illumination Projection System utilising a highcontrast, high resolution, Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator has been developed.This also serves as a flexible test bed for determining optimal pattern generation andprojection characteristics.


Korea Purpose: This study sought to identify the effects of coordinative locomotor training (CLT) using elastic bands on the flexibility and body alignment of right-handed baseball players in elementary school. Methods: The subjects were 20 instructed right-handed baseball players in elementary school. They were classified into the experimental group with 10 players (n=10) to be given coordinative locomotor training using elastic bands and the control group with 10 players (n=10). Flexibility was measured by the sit and reach exercise. Body alignment was measured using formetric 4D method to measure the trunk imbalance angle (TI), trunk torsion angle (TT), pelvic tilt angle (PTi), pelvic torsion angle (PTo), pelvic rotation angle (PR), kyphot-ic angle (Ky), and lordotic angle (Lo). Results: There was a significant increase in the flexibility within the experimental group (p<0.05). after the intervention. There was also a significant increase in the difference between the experimental group and the control group (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in PR during body alignment in the experimental group after intervention (p<0.05). An analysis of the differences between groups showed a significant decrease in the PR of the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings show that coordinative locomotor training using elastic bands would be effective for enhancing the flexibility and pelvic rotation of elementary school right-handed baseball


Chlamydiae are unique among pathogenic bacteria in that they arecompletelydependentontheirhostspeciesforsurvival.They are unable to multiply in any other environmental niche, and do not carry the minimum genetic code necessary to be self-sufficient. This absolute dependence on a specific host species is strongly reflected in the evolution of Chlamydia genomes. Chlamydiae have further evolved to occupy specific niches within their host species that manifest as tissue tropisms. These bacterialadaptations arecounterbalanced by innate and adaptivehost defenses. While Chlamydia research until recently has been hampered by an inability to genetically manipulate the bacteria, the wealth of pathogenic Chlamydia species, hosts, and tissue tropisms has provided a window into the complex relationship between these pathogens, their hosts, and the associated diseases. This chapter covers the spectrum of human illness caused by Chlamydiae, and incorporates experimental model data from closely related nonhuman Chlamydia species to better understand human disease. This approach is hopefully interesting and informative with the practical outcome of highlighting issues relevant to host defense and vaccine development.


Study examines scaling parameters of three fluid amplifier elements - a bistable device, a boundary layer control device, and a vortex device. Variations in performance due to size, fluid, and other conditions are studied. Even with restricted examples the large number of variables impedes the establishment of these scaling laws.


Photosystem II is the enzyme responsible for generating nearly all the oxygen in the atmosphere. Room-temperature time-resolved crystallography and spectroscopy measurements at X-ray free-electron lasers help to elucidate the sequence of events in the water oxidation reaction of photosystem II leading to the formation of dioxygen from two molecules of water.


Abstract As we combat the COVID‐19 pandemic, both the prescription of antimicrobials and the use of biocidal agents have increased in many countries. Although these measures can be expected to benefit existing people by, to some extent, mitigating the pandemic's effects, they may threaten long‐term well‐being of existing and future people, where they contribute to the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A trade‐off dilemma thus presents itself: combat COVID‐19 using these measures, or stop using them in order to protect against AMR. Currently, I argue, we are choosing to continue with these measures, and thus to prioritize combatting COVID‐19, without adequate ethical reflection on the AMR‐associated costs of these measures. I discuss the magnitude of the possible costs and benefits involved in making the trade‐off in favour of COVID‐19, and their distribution. I highlight two salient aspects of distribution that can help determine whether combatting COVID‐19 whilst exacerbating AMR produces justly distributed costs and benefits: distribution between current and future populations, and distribution between existing geographical populations. Adopting this account, I argue that based on the magnitude and distribution of costs and benefits of combatting COVID‐19, we have good reason to rethink this trade‐off, and instead consider prioritizing protecting current and future people against AMR, but jettisoning measures against COVID‐19 that also exacerbate AMR.


This article has listed out all of the numerical order of arrangement that have been assigned to The West Caves of Thousand Buddhas at Dunhuang by a number of established scholars and has also formed a clearly numeration table in order to having a better understanding by a comparative study.


We present an iterative scheme to estimate the minimal duration in which a quantum gate can be realized while satisfying hardware constraints on the control pulse amplitudes. The scheme performs multiple numerical optimal control cycles to update the gate duration based on the resulting energy norm of the optimized pulses. We provide multiple numerical examples that each demonstrate fast convergence towards a gate duration that is close to the quantum speed limit, given the control pulse amplitude bound.


CAD as a computer technology under the progress of the auxiliary drawing products, for the mechanical fixture design has brought convenience. CAD greatly improve the efficiency of design, and more beautiful and accurate, according to the design of the finished product has a higher quality of course. This paper will discuss the mechanical fixture design based on CAD.


The inbetweenness refers to boundaries that, instead of separating, serve as a means for interaction and confluence. In tourism such cases can be observed on many levels, whereby there exists a 'gray' area between the coverage of various scientific disciplines: it is about the general ambiance, the normal daily life and cultural heritage of a place, which exists at a destination anyway with or without the presence of tourists. For many, what cannot be made tangible economically, is located outside the boundaries of the economy and is therefore denied. However in areas of tourism where disciplines such as economy, sociology, anthropology or social-psychology meet a rich encounter takes place that embraces a broad array of sources and clues for experiences. This means that the promotion of a tourism destination based on a multi-disciplinary approach that communicates values on socio-cultural or anthropological levels can parallel traditional marketing strategies, opening even more channels for communication, not so much for selling purposes, but for drawing the attention to the storehouses of meanings and experience clues that represent daily life at any destination: the marketing of the inbetweenness.


The removal of phosphorus in steelmaking slags is essential for recycling such slags to the blast furnaces for recovery of theirmanganese, iron and lime contents. Phosphorus is mainly concentrated in the dicalcium silicate phase of the slags. Slow-coolingof steelmaking slags in an air atmosphere increased the grain sizes of constituent minerals, however, satisfactory magnetic separation results could not be attained because of the close association of a strongly magnetic ferrite phase with dicalcium silicate. The nature, distribution and Curie point of the strongly magnetic ferrite phase in the slow-cooled steelmaking slags were investigated and an attempt was made to separate the phosphorus-bearing dicalcium silicate phase in ground slag pulps heated to a temperature exceeding the Curie point. The effect of some impurities on the lowering of the Curie point of the ferrite was also investigated


In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to restore blurred and noisy images based on the total variation regularization, where the discrete associated Euler-Lagrange problem is solved by exploiting the structure of the matrices and transforming the initial problem to a generalized Sylvester linear matrix equation by using a special Kronecker product approximation. Afterwards, global Krylov subspace methods are used to solve the linear matrix equation. Numerical experiments are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


One of the most difficult things in determining correctness of programs is the checking of cross-object invariants. Often, it is very simple to check whether or not an invariant is upheld inside of one object, but it is no trivial task to check these same constrains when then need to be upheld across objects. In this project, I have developed a tool, Hawk, that will help a user determine whether or not an invariant is upheld by isolating the section of Java code that is needed for the user to look at in order to determine whether or not the invariant is upheld. It does this by first building an object model of the compiled Java code, and the allowing the user to input the invariant based upon this object model. Thesis Supervisor: Daniel Jackson Title: Ross Professor of Software Technology


@Joseph_Koivisto @edsu I would also encourage you to think about potentially proposing an Edu-focused session that Saturday to help get a broader conversation going around


An orally available, selective and covalent antagonist of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha; ERa; ESR1; nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1; NR3A1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonist (SERCA) H3B-6545 selectively and covalently binds to a cysteine that is unique to ERalpha and is not present in other nuclear hormone receptors, thereby inhibiting the activity of ERalpha. T his inhibits the growth and survival of ERalphaexpressing cancer cells. ERalpha, a nuclear hormone receptor, is often overexpressed and/or mutated in a variety of cancer cell types. It plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and survival. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020


A modal analysis based on two-dimensional (2-D) finite-element method for the Brillouin gain spectra (BGS) in optical fibers is demonstrated. This method enables the evaluation of optical fibers with 2-D complicated geometry and/or refractive-index profile. The BGS of two fiber samples, a single-mode fiber and a PANDA polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) of the same design except the stress-applying elements in the PMF, are calculated using this analysis and compared to each other. The BGS are also tested experimentally for confirmation


VERY OFTEN, ONLY MARGINAL RESULTS IN THE ANALYSIS OF COLOR AND COLOR INFRARED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS HAVE BEEN ACHIEVED DUE TO THE INABILITY OF THE USER TO OPTIMIZE THE PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE FINAL RECORDED TERRAIN IMAGE. A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SOLAR SPECTRUM, FILMS, FILTERS, PROCESSING, CAMERA LENS, FOCUSING, EXPOSURE, AND TERRAIN CHARACTERISTICS IS PRESENTED TOGETHER WITH THE SELECTION OF PROPER COLOR BALANCE FOR BOTH COLOR AND COLOR INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY. THE EARTH'S SURFACE IS CONSIDERED UNDER FIVE BASIC CATEGORIES: (1) VEGETATION, (2) EXPOSED SOILS AND ROCKS, (3) WATER, (4) SNOW AND ICE AND (5) URBAN AREAS. THE VARIABLES, INCLUDING REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS, ARE CONSIDERED IN DETAIL, AND AUGMENTED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHIC EXAMPLES. /AUTHOR/


Cold temperatures often mean low humidity, which can dry out skin. During the winter months people often find their skin is rough, tight, cracked or peeling due to dryness. By Michele Hetherington


Preview the domestic conservation of historic and cultural city in Chinese Urbanization since the founding of new China.The paper points out that the situation of China's historical and cultural city protection is still grim,constructive destruction phenomenon has not been effectively curbed.In the current process of urbanization,to solve the key problem of historical and cultural city,the traditional pattern of historical and cultural blocks and historical buildings protection,improvement of infrastructure and the environment,protection management,learn from the foreign urbanization into the accelerated development stage of the construction of a large failure lessons,protect the historical and cultural city in the promotion of urbanization quality.


The no gradient behavior of the internal recycled reactor was well proved in the chosen experimental conditions.Then,the apparent kinetics of methanol synthesis was investigated over domestic new catalyst NC309 with the size of 0.154-0.198 mm,under a space velocity of 4 000 h~(-1),at a temperature from 190℃to 250℃and a pressure between 5 MPa and 8 MPa.The Langmuir-Hinshelwood type kinetics equation was chosen to set up the apparent kinetics model of methanol synthesis in terms of the reactant fugacity in the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.The parameters were obtained based on the experimental data with the reasonable and effective parameter estimation method.At last,the results obtained were compared with those estimated by the intrinsic kinetics models of methanol synthesis over the same kind of catalyst,and the apparent reaction activation energy of hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were both smaller than those of the intrinsic reactions.


Background: Anaemia, a manifestation of under nutrition and poor dietary intake of iron is a public health problem, not only among pregnant women, infants and young children but also among adolescents. Anaemia among adolescent girls can result in impaired physical growth, poor cognition, reduced physical fitness and work performance and lower concentration on daily tasks.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in schools of Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India with the objective studying various socio-demographic characteristics in relation to anaemia among adolescent girls. Multistage random sampling was used to select adolescent girls of 10 to 19 years of age who were interviewed and examined. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test and Odds ratios calculated with SPSS v21.Results: Around 371 girls in present study had varying severity of anaemia and majority had mild to moderate anaemia. Place of residence, type of school, birth order, type of family and mother occupation were significantly associated with presence of anaemia. Girls taking mixed diet were 1.23 times more likely to be non-anaemic as compared to girls taking vegetarian diet. Study showed adolescent girls consuming IFA tablets were less likely anaemic compared to those not consuming (OR=0.09, p<0.001).Conclusions: Among school going adolescent girls nearly half are still suffering from anaemia in India, despite the efforts of government and it is still a challenging public health problem.


Inoculating ramets of poplar clone 895 with Xerocomus chrysenteron,Lactarius insulsus,Laccaria aemthystea,Boletus edulis,Pisolithus tinctorius 1 and Pisolithus tinctorius 2 indicated that ectomycorrhizal fungi significantly affected the mineral nutrient absorption of poplar clone 895 cutting seedlings.NH+4-N,NO-3-N content and root activity of poplar clone 895 treated with 6 kinds of ectomycorrhizal fungi were increased variously.Nitrate reductase,NO-3-N content and N,P absorption of poplar clone 895 treated with X.chrysenteron,Lactarius insulsus,B.edulis and P.tinctorius 2 were observably higher than control.Root activity of poplar clone 895 treated with X.chrysenteron,Lactarius insulsus and B.edulis were enhanced.B.edulis was the most effective.P absorption of poplar clone 895 treated with Laccaria aemthystea and P.tinctorius 1 was higher than control.After being treated with 6 kinds of ectomycorrhizal fungi,K concentration of poplar 895 changed slightly,but Cu,Fe,Mn,and Zn concentration were highly increased.The results showed that ectomycorrhizal fungi could enhance trace mineral elements absorption of the host.


The aim of this study is to know resistance status of filariasis vectors from Southwest Sumba to bendiocarb 0,1% insecticide. Sampling was carried out in 4 sub-districts from 11 sub-districts. The larvae were collected randomly from water containers. The collected larvae was than taken to laboratory to be maintaned until became fully grown mosquitos. As many as 25 adult mosquitos that have been took were identified to ascertain the type of mosquito suspected to be a filariasis vectors. Test of resistance to bendiocarb 0,1% was done using impregnated paper refers to the WHO method. In this test the sample was divided into two groups, namely the test group and the control group with each sample group used was 25 mosquito. The test results were obtained by counting the number of mosquitoes that knock down mosquitoes and dead mosquitoes. The test observations were recorded every 15 minutes on the first 1 hour then the observation continued for 24 post holding. The result shows that filariasis vectors from Southwest Sumba is resisten to bendiocarb 0,1% insecticide with the average percentage of deaths mosquitos of 70,27%.


Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Fairfax 16 contains one of the most accomplished illuminations to be associated with any of Chaucer's works. The full-page illustration preceding the Complaint of Mars (fol. 14v; fig. 1) rivals in skill even the much-discussed Troilus frontispiece (Corpus Christi College, Cambridge MS 61, fol. 1v), but Chaucer criticism has generally ignored the Fairfax picture.1 This is so in part, of course, because the Complaint of Mars has held less intrinsic interest than Troilus and Criseyde, even though the two poems are so similar in theme that the Complaint has been called a ''miniature Troilus.''2 It is also— perhaps more—because the Fairfax image has been deemed unreadable in terms of the poem it accompanies. It has seemed all too clear, as Julia Boffey explains it, that the image derives from artistic precedents completely unconnected with Chaucer's work, and that it exists only because ''a convenient iconographic tradition associated with the story


Despite of the number of studies that have been conducted, knowledge of past human activities on peatlands in Southeast (SE) Asia remains fragmented. Hence, anthropogenic activities on peatlands are considered to be recent. In order to see whether and how human conducted activities on peatland in the past, a palaeoecological study on peatland located close to archaeological site of Malayu Empire was undertaken. The results revealed that human activities on tropical peatland began over a millennium ago. By conducting logging, grazing and wild harvesting activities, human changed the vegetation composition and diminished the ecosystem ability to accumulate peat and carbon. Shortly after the abandonment of the site, the vegetation regenerated and the accumulation rate of carbon recovered.


Attached files: cool-Stacey.doc Photo file: kayestacey2.jpg NOTE; We could have hyperlinks to the underlined words if you wish. Kaye Stacey is Foundation Professor of Mathematics at the University of Melbourne and head of the Department of Science and Mathematics Education. She is well known nationally and internationally as an author, researcher, teacher and teacher educator. Kaye believes that new technology is the most significant driver of change in mathematics teaching for this generation, providing an imperative to adjust curriculum as well as new opportunities for teaching mathematics better. University of Melbourne research into technology in mathematics began with exploration of the potential of spreadsheets and function graphers; work which later lead to the phased introduction of graphics calculators into senior mathematics exams, supported by substantial professional development for teachers. The team is now looking ahead to the possible use in senior mathematics of software and calculators capable of computer algebra. This will require a substantial rethink of senior mathematics. Kaye Stacey has an honours degree from UNSW and a doctorate in pure mathematics from Oxford University. Her books include


Formation of a modern comfortable environment in Russian cities has become one of the priority tasks of the state scale. Development of fundamentally new approaches to the organization of integrated landscaping of courtyards and inter-building spaces according to the principles of comfort and bio-positivity will improve the quality of life of the country's urban population. However, there are a number of organizational and informational problems associated with the interaction of territorial bodies of state and municipal administration, the interests of the population and organizations performing these types of work. The paper proposes a methodology for choosing elements of the improvement of the territory of courtyards and inter-building spaces both for the existing development and for newly built territories, based on taking into account the optimal ratio of the parameters of a comfortable environment, taking into account the peculiarities of the urban planning situation, utilities, the morphotype of the building, the type of yard, its configuration squares.


The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is widely used for the optimization of multiple responses from an experimental study. In the present study, a method to obtain more reliable global weight of different alternatives has been described for a powder-mixed electric discharge machining (EDM) process. Seven different process parameters were tested to study their effect on material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR) using a specially designed Taguchi orthogonal array that could accommodate factors with varying number of levels. A three-level array L27 was modified to include two-level factors using dummy treatment. The process conditions that affected the three responses were identified and optimized together using AHP for high carbon high chromium (HCHCr), EN31 and hot die steel (HDS) workpiece material. Addition of powder in the dielectric improved the MRR as the electrical conductivity of powder reduces the dielectric insulating strength. Current, powder, and electrode material significantly affected the TWR. Kerosene as dielectric was observed to be a superior alternative than EDM oil. Graphite electrode worked best for HCHCr and EN31 and W–Cu electrode worked best for HDS as they globally optimize the three output variables. Also, Cu powder suspended in the dielectric resulted in an optimal solution for HCHCr and HDS and tungsten powder was seen to be a better choice for EN31 to globally optimize the responses. To overcome problems of poor finish at high current setting in EDM, the dielectric should be mixed with powder.


For cooperative communications, the decode-and-forward (DF) protocol can give promising error-rate performance provided that the relay node has the decoding capability. In this study, the authors consider the DF cooperation for cellular uplink communications, in which the source node is equipped with a single antenna, and both the relay and destination nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. For this case, the authors analyse the exact symbol-error-rate (SER) for M-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals over Nakagami-m fading channels. To avoid the cumbersome integral calculation, the authors derive an asymptotic approximation for the SER, which lets them not only gain fast understanding of the improvement from cooperative diversity, but also have more insight into how the channel characteristics and the number of antennas affect the SER performance. Specifically, to reduce the SER, the authors find that: first, good condition of the relay–destination channels is more critical than good condition of the source–relay channels; second, large number of antennas at the relay node is more critical than large number of antennas at the destination node. All these results are not exploited and discussed before. Simulations are finally presented to demonstrate the correctness of the authors' analysis and perception for the considered cooperation scenario.


To study the characteristics of highway operation speed distribution and construct operation speed prediction model based on continuous alignment change,the research group conducts a highway cross-section operation speed survey by using laser emit-receive mode vehicle speed detector.Surveyed speed of different vehicle types and road sections is studied to observe its characteristics in different aliment combination,and is compared with the prediction by IHSDM and the Guidelines for Safety Audit of Highway.Then,SPSS is used to statistically analyze the cross-section operation speed distribution and its characteristics,and finds that normal distribution is the most fitted among selected four distribution tests.


These lectures notes give an introduction to the fast developing area of research dealing with perturbative descriptions of the gravitational instability in an expanding universe. I just sketch the outlines of some proofs, and many important contributions (and references) were left out. Many untouched aspects are reviewed in \cite{sah_col} which also contains a useful reference list. In the notes dedicated to the Eulerian approach (\S\ref{sec:fluid} - \S\ref{sec:further}), I derive the fluid equations starting from a microscopic description, I give their linear solution and some higher order corrections, and describe a number of applications concerning the evolution of the one point probability density function for the density contrast field and for the divergence of the corresponding velocity field. In the notes dedicated to the Lagrangian point of view (\S\ref{sec:zeldo} - \S\ref{sec:lag_app}), I recall Zeldovich Approximation and its higher orders corrections, and present some applications, like their use in describing the statistical effect of the real space-redshift mapping, or as approximate description of the full non-linear dynamics.


Heat pumps in households have emerged as potentially important actors in future energy systems characterized by large shares of intermittent renewable energy generation from wind and PV systems. The flexible electricity demand from heat pump systems combined with thermal storage allows load balancing and even participation in reserve and ancillary services markets. The effects of such micro scale DR systems on both the national grid and on local grid conditions have not been sufficiently studied. In this paper, we expand on previous work by combining simulations of a model neighborhood's participation in DR with household heat pumps with an estimation of requirements and potential revenue in the secondary reserve market in Germany. Combining simulations of control strategies for household heat pumps with the electricity grids demand function for secondary reserve power, sheds light on the complexity of providing DR services at this scale and opens up new avenues of research on business models and control strategies for aggregators and other utility companies operating virtual power plants.


Abstract This note examines the implementation of the true and fair view requirement into the laws of Austria, Finland, Norway and Sweden. It builds on an earlier analysis of the 12 EU member states that had previously implemented the requirement. It is found that three of the four countries depart from the wording of the appropriate language versions of the Fourth Directive. Also, two of the countries do not implement the 'override', and the other two implement it in a way not done before, by reserving to the member state the specification of the allowed departures.


A list of 153 infrasubspecific and therefore unavailable names originally introduced in Oberea Dejean, 1935, is given. All were so far considered by previous authors to have been made available by Breuning in his 1960's global key of the genus. Two of them (Oberea maculithorax v. pulla Matsushita, 1933 and Oberea suturalis v. flaveola Breuning 1960) refer to taxa in Obereopsis Chevrolat, 1855; and Leuconitocris Breuning, 1950, respectively.


Process systems are sorted according to the association form between process logics and business logics in this paper. The term of process service is defined with the view of system service. Then, a new process model is presented according to the goal of process service. The composition and the structure of process service model are different form those of workflow. All of the elements have strict formalized definitions. Business process can be expressed more clearly and flexibly now. In the end, an application instance is used to illustrate the function of process service model.


Background Breast cancer is the most diagnosed malignant neoplasia of female patients worldwide in 2019. Survival has increased making it necessary to offer breast reconstructive procedures to improve quality of life and self-esteem. Implant-based breast reconstruction is the most common approach, making it necessary to quantify the associated complications. Methods A systematic literature review of the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was performed. A total of 9608 citations were identified, and 44 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results Studies included reported the incidence of complications either per patient or per breast leading consequently to 2 complication rates depending on the type of reporting. A total of 14.3% of patient-related and 28.8% of breast-related complications while undergoing implant-based reconstruction were reported. Among total complications reported, 72.6% of patient-related and 48.5% of breast-related complications were classified as major complications. A total of 37.6% of patients respectively 15.1% of breasts required prosthesis explantation due to severe complications. Depending on reporting, 9.7% of patients and 4% of breasts required autologous flap reconstruction due to reconstructive failure. Conclusions High complication and failure rates are associated with implant-based breast reconstruction. Lacking randomized controlled trials, the choice between implant-based and autologous breast reconstruction has to be made individually for each patient.


Objective: Quantum algorithm are stronger and more secure than the classical computers not because they run on faster harder computers but also, they require fewer steps. With Quantum computers the attackers have high computing power and with quantum algorithm can easily break the cryptographic system. Lattice is regularly spaced grid of points stretching to infinity. Quantum safe security algorithms are resistant to both attacks caused by classical computers and the attack caused by quantum computers. Lattice based cryptography are the post quantum cryptographic standards which are resistant to the attacks from quantum computers hence has advantage of strong security and high efficiency. The main objective of the paper is to study lattice, lattice properties, lattice – based cryptographic algorithm to design new lattice based cryptographic algorithm which are quantum resistant in future.

Methods: In this paper the lattice-based cryptography is discussed right from its seminal work to its efficient cryptographic schemes. Paper discusses what is lattice, lattice properties, lattice problem and algorithmic solution to lattice problem and lattice-based cryptography.

Findings: After studying post quantum cryptographic algorithms using lattice it was found that lattice-based post quantum cryptographic algorithms are resistant to quantum computer attacks.

Novelty: Paper discusses lattice, properties of lattice in a simple way. Widely used cryptographic algorithms like RSA, Diffie-Hellman Key exchange, Elliptic Curve Cryptography are not resistant to quantum computers attacks. Paper discusses the importance of post quantum algorithm using lattice that are resistant to quantum computer attacks.


Abstract Differential sedimentation of finely ground wood has been used to isolate fractions of black spruce in which the lignin content varied from 20 to 60 percent. The fractions of low lignin content consisted mainly of secondary wall tissue while those of high lignin content came predominantly from the compound middle lamella.


Summary Introduction: The assessment of the craniofacial skeleton resistance to external loads in a living person is practically impossible under clinical conditions. Thus, it seems valid to implement computer methods of virtual analysis into the clinical practice that for a long time have been so effectively applied to technical sciences. Aim of the study: To assess maximal concentrations of stresses by means of the finite element method (FEM) occurring after external loads have been applied to the central part of the upper part of the face, and to analyse and compare the obtained results with previous clinical observations. Material and methods: A commercially available model of the cranium was used for the study. The loads were applied to the central part of the upper part of the face in order to identify the areas of the highest concentration of stresses in which fractures are initiated and subsequently propagate before orbito-nasal dislocations emerge. Results: Changes in the direction and area of force application revealed statistically significant differences in the values and area of critical stresses. Conclusion: The changes in the direction of force application and its area are conditioned by a pattern of stresses characteristic for bilateral and unilateral orbito-nasal dislocations.


• The District may use the services of a remitting agency (i.e. a commercial bank that has agreed to perform such fiscal services for the District) in making any annuity purchase under this salary reduction agreement. The District's remitting agency shall transmit the amounts to be applied to the purchase of an annuity contract (or contracts) under this agreement to each issuing company in the manner specified above no later than 10 working days after the end of the pay period for which the corresponding salary reduction was made.


A guided-ion beam mass spectrometer is used to examine the collision-induced dissociation of ground state N: (3x-) from thermal to 20 eV energy with Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. The product distribution observed in these systems varies substantially, a result that can be attributed to the large variation in the polarizabilities and ionization energies of the rare gases. The threshold for appearance of N+ in these systems is measured to be 3.74 f 0.08 eV and is equated with the N+-N2 bond energy. The adiabatic charge transfer reaction of N: with Xe allows a determination of the ionization energy of N3 as 11.10 f 0.04 eV, in good agreement with a literature value determined by photoelectron spectroscopy. This information allows the heats of formation of N3 and N: to be determined as 4.61 f 0.09 and 15.67 i 0.08 eV, respectively. This thermodynamic information is compared with other available values. We also measured the adiabatic bond energies Q,(N+-Ar) = 1.22 f 0.46 eV, &(Kr+-N) = 1.38 f 0.13 eV and D,,(Xe+-N) = 0.65 k 0.10 eV.


Entrepreneurial skills of learners of Independent Enterprise Literacy at Community Learning Center (CLC) Harapan Karawang Regency in developing locally-based enterprise, is still low. This study is aimed to analyze the planning, the implementation, the outcome, and the impact of locally-based enterprise training on improving the economic empowerment of the learners of Independent Enterprise Literacy. The approach uses in this study is a qualitative case study method. The subjects consist of four learners, a trainer, and an administrator of CLC. The data are obtained through the observation, in-depth interview, and documentation analysis. The data analysis involves the following stages: data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The locally-based enterprise training is designed through proper planning with the identification of learner needs, formulating objectives and preparing training curriculum that meets the needs and characteristics of the learners. The implementation of the training is conducted properly in accordance with a predetermined plan. The results of training assessment show an increase of knowledge, attitudes and behavior of learners' entrepreneurial skills. The enterprise training gives impact and influence to increase the learners' economic empowerment proved by the increasing income and wider business opportunities.


The academic workplace has undergone substantial changes over the past decades. However, the implications of these developments for the career choices of junior scientists, i.e., PhD graduates, are...


Some experiments for press molding of glass spherical lens and its numerical simulation were carried out using finite element method. The optimal molding condition of slow cooling time that gives appropriate transcription profile was examined experimentally. Moreover, in order to investigate the temperature and internal stress distributions, numerical simulation was carried out using general purpose finite element code. As a result of comparing experiments with numerical simulations, it was confirmed that the relationship between amount of shrink of spherical lens and slow cooling time estimated by FE simulation approximately agreed with experimental value. Furthermore, it was found out that the optimal slow cooling time was 300-600 s by FE analyses.


BACKGROUND: WHO has estimated that prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is 14% in developed and 51% in developing countries while it is 65-75% in India. WHO has recommended a cut off value of 11.0 g/dl for hemoglobin to define anemia at any time during pregnancy This Study will help to motivate the care provide for early detection and proper management of anemia in pregnancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study to find out the proportion of anaemic status among pregnant women attending the referral center Ulsoor in Bangalore. A total of 264 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at referral center for their first antenatal checkup during the MayJuly 2013 were study subjects. Hemoglobin estimation was done by using Sahli's Hemoglobinometer method. The data was collected using a predesigned structured questionnaire after taking verbal consent. The data was analyzed statistically using descriptive statistic like frequency and percentage. RESULTS: 264 pregnant women were studied. Out of which 200 were anaemic. Out of 200 subjects, 156 subjects (59.1%) were mild anaemic, 44 subjects (16.7%)were moderately anaemic. CONCLUSION: A very high prevalence of anaemia (75.8%) was seen early in pregnancy. Factors such as religion, level of education of women and their husbands and socioeconomic status, parity, joint family were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy (P < 0.05).


A method and system for archiving information on a network is used, it is common for the user can access. A stationary or mobile user may archive information on demand. Establishing access to the network through a communication medium, an initial protocol accesses the archiving service and transmits the details of what is to be archived. The communication medium is then used in the specified manner, the information transfer in the future is retrieved and stored on the network. Such network access may be, or may be initiated by the user via the network.


Oxidation of alkaline solutions of potassium hydroxylamine disulphonate at platinum, nickel, or carbon anodes in a divided cell with an applied potential of ca. 3V produces Fremy's salt in nearly quantitative yield and with very high current efficiency. Nitrite ion, a common impurity in hydroxylamine disulphonate prepared by conventional methods, and a cause of instability in Fremy's salt, is preferentially oxidised to nitrate. Attention is drawn to a convenient method for preparing hydroxylamine disulphonate free from nitrite.


The utility model discloses a U-shaped shed roadway junction support device which comprises a basic U-shaped shed and a specifically-made U-shaped shed; one support leg at one side of the specifically-made U-shaped shed is bound and connected with support legs of the basic U-shaped shed; the other end of the specifically-made U-shaped shed is opened and provided with a temporarily red pine support leg; the upper end of the red pine support leg is a spherical-surface groove, the depth of which is not less than 20cm; and the lower end of the red pine support leg is provided with a hard support bottom. By adopting the U-shaped shed roadway junction support device, after carrying out reserved construction and secondary opening, the support requirements and the construction operation requirements can be fully met. According to the U-shaped shed roadway junction support device, the support strength of junctions is effectively improved, the support effect is improved, the work efficiency is improved, the construction safety of the junctions is guaranteed and the economical benefit and the social benefit are remarkable.


Abstract The National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS) has developed an operational procedure to estimate hourly and daily totals of global solar radiation (insolation) from geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) observations. Production of the insolation estimates began for the eastern two-thirds of the United States in the summer of 1980 and is expected to continue through 1986. The NESDIS estimates comprise a unique set of insolation data, but their accuracy needs to be assessed for atmospheric and surface conditions which differ from those for the Great Plains. Accuracy of 1982 NFSDIS daily estimates for Ohio was assessed through comparison with insolation measurements from eight high-quality stations. The NESDIS estimates are for target areas of approximately 50 × 50 km centered on the intersection of 1° lines of latitude and longitude. In this study, only estimates for the target centered closest to each station were compared with measurements from tha...


Aim: The present study was conducted to develop the planting material standards of lasoda cultivar 'Thar Bold' for commercial orcharding in India. Methodology: The ripe fruits at pink colour appearance from mother tree of lasoda 'Thar Bold' were collected from Experimental Block-I after 75+5 days after fruit set during last week of May- first week of June months for raising of seedlings. Fruits and seeds were categorized based on size and weight and accordingly seeds sown in field bed and root trainers. At two true leaf stage, the seedlings were shifted in polybags for working out seed and rootstock standards. Further, to develop the planting material standards, the scion buds of current season's growth were collected and budded during third week of May, June and July. The standards were prepared on the basis of all possible traits of the interest. Results: Under the present study, planting material standards of lasoda were developed with following prerequisites: ripened fresh fruits should have diameter > 1.5 cm and fruit weight > 6 g with seed germination > 60 %; buddable seedlings/ rootstock of 9-12 months should have about 35-40 cm height and 0.8-1.0 cm girth; budding should be done during May-June months; at 90 days of budding, plants with sprouts length ≥ 50 cm and diameter ≥ 0.5 cm should be good for field planting in the same season. Interpretation: The developed standards of lasoda would be highly useful for conservation of elite type and large scale multiplication of quality planting material for commercial orcharding in the country.


Iterative multiuser detection is a powerful signal processing technique to increase performance and capacity of coded CDMA systems. However, previously proposed iterative multiuser receivers have been based on complete knowledge of spreading codes of all users in the system. Performance of these receivers degrades significantly in the presence of unknown interference, caused by out-of-cell users whose spreading codes are not known. A significant part of the interference in a typical uplink system is often due to such unknown users. In this paper, we propose an iterative semi-blind receiver for a coded system in such an uplink environment. It is based on the minimum mean square error criterion. The proposed iterative receiver utilizes known users' information for the computation of log-likelihood ratios, while blindly suppressing unknown interference. We consider a multicarrier CDMA system, which has received considerable attention for future high-speed wireless systems. Turbo code is used for channel coding, with log-MAP decoding. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed iterative semi-blind method offers substantial performance gain over that of the conventional noniterative and non blind iterative receivers.


ABSTRACT Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius strain W-2 is a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a deep-subsurface oil reservoir in northern China, which is capable of degrading organosulfur compounds. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of G. thermoglucosidasius strain W-2, which may help to elucidate the genetic basis of biodegradation of organosulfur pollutants under heated conditions.


The increase in the generation of waste due to the continuous growth of urbanization and industrialization has become a severe problem for the government. Population density, lifestyles, economic conditions have a great impact on alarming waste composition. Hence, waste segregation is necessary to save our environment. The traditional manual method used for the segregation of waste in Bangladesh is time-consuming and can have adverse effects on the health of the involved people. Proper segregation can bring the economic values of the wastes as well. The proposed smart segregation system will notify the garbage boy after reaching the amount of waste at a certain level. If waste is not collected from that smart bin in time, the system will send a notification to the City Corporation. The proposed system will help to reduce the intensity of greenhouse gases as well. The system will consume electricity when an absence of sunlight, otherwise it consumes solar energy which saves energy consumption on sunny days.


The structural and electrical properties of N-H complexes in GaAsN grown by chemical beam epitaxy are summarized. Using local vibration mode spectroscopy, some of the vibration frequencies are shown to be the same as those in the material grown by liquid encapsulated Czochralski and metal organic chemical vapor deposition, while no vibration modes are common to those in the material grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The dependencies of the vibration frequencies on measurement temperatures and annealing temperatures, and polarization of the vibration directions are studied to understand the structural properties of N-H complexes. The As source flow rate affects ratios of the defect densities, which indicate that those defects have different formation processes. The charge excitations by irradiation light indicate that the charge relaxation processes caused by those defects are in the orders of micro seconds.


Knowledge of the integrity of in-service structures on a continuous time basis is an ultimate objective for owners and maintenance authorities. The development of a life extension and/or replacement strategy for highway structures is a crucial point in an effective bridge management system. A key component of such a bridge management system is a means of surveillance techniques and determining the condition of an existing structure within the normative and budgetary constraints. Recent advances in sensing technologies and material/structure damage characterization combined with current developments in computations and communications have resulted in a significant interest in developing diagnostic technologies for monitoring the integrity of and for the detection of damages of structures. To identify anomalies and deterioration processes, it is essential to understand the relationships between the signal measurements and the real occurred phenomena. Therefore, the comparison of measured and calculated data in order to tune and validate the mechanical and numerical model assumptions is an integral part of any system analysis. Finally, the interpreted results of all measurements should be the basis for the condition assessment and the safety evaluation of a structure to facilitate replacement and repair decisions.


This research examined the attitudes of Year 7 students in an independent girls' school in Melbourne, towards the learning environment in their English, mathematics and science classes. Whilst science classes at the school were not explicitly differentiated on the basis of ability, an Extended Curriculum Program (ECP) operated for English and maths classes. Fifty-eight Year 7 students completed surveys examining their perceptions towards achievement, motivational orientation and overall satisfaction with their classes. Results indicated that students with involvement in extended curriculum classes had more positive perceptions of these classes but their overall attitude towards learning in the mainstream environment was also more positive. A finding of particular interest was that ECP students rated themselves as more intrinsically and less extrinsically motivated than peers in mainstream mixed-ability classes and thus had motivational orientations that were more likely to be associated with achievement, even in mixed ability settings.


The types of knowledge that prospective mathematics teachers use when faced with tasks involving technology are interesting because this knowledge can be used as a basis for analyzing the relevance of these types of activities when teaching mathematics. This investigation is intended to identify the knowledge evidenced by these prospective teachers when they carry out an activity involving geometry, technology and pedagogy. To do so, a task was designed which was used with 65 trainee teachers, and the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge model was used to analyze the information gathered. The results show that prospective teachers make use of knowledge in all of the domains and almost all of the subdomains of the model, confirming that this type of activity triggers these types of knowledge.


Restorative dental materials have advanced rapidly, with improved physical properties that improve survival rates. Accordingly, various materials can be selected. Amalgam, composite resin, glass-ionomer cement, and preformed stainless steel crowns have all been used widely for the restoration of dental caries in primary molars. The various dental materials used to treat proximal caries in the primary molars have distinct advantages and disadvantages. However, few studies have examined their survival rates. This retrospective study examined the 2-year survival rates of more than 700 class II restorations of proximal caries in primary molars clinically and radiologically according to the type of restoration. The study results should help in the selection of class II restorations for molars, one of the biggest concerns of pediatric dentists.


Studies of intangible and of environmental assets have become key vehicles for the advancement of economists' understanding of capital. Each has features that diverge from those of "produced means of production". The present paper addresses issues in capital accounting through an analysis based on an investment project. A project consists of various types of non-marketed capital that have no prices and of marketed capital that are sunk or irreversibly invested. While sunk, capital is valued at internal values that have only a limited relation to external, market prices. A method of accounting is proposed that puts all types into a comprehensive analytical framework. Each type earns the market rate of interest. JEL codes: D24, D92


We describe the design, fabrication, and results of low-recombination, passivated contacts to n-type silicon utilizing thin SiOx, and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited doped polycrystalline-silicon (pc-Si) layers. A low-temperature silicon dioxide layer is grown on both surfaces of an n-type CZ wafer to a thickness of <;20 Å. Next, a thin layer of P-doped plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited amorphous silicon (n/a-Si:H) is deposited on top of the SiOx. The layers are annealed to crystallize the a-Si:H and diffuse H to the Si/SiOx interface, after which a metal contacting layer is deposited over the conducting pc-Si layer. The contacts are characterized by measuring the recombination current parameter of the full-area contact (Jo,contact) to quantify the passivation quality, and the specific contact resistivity (ρcontact). The Si/SiOx/pc-Si contact has an excellent Jo,contact = 30 fA/cm2 and a good ρcontact = 29.5 mOhm-cm2. Separate processing conditions lowered Jo,contact to 12 fA/cm2. However, the final metallization can substantially degrade this contact and has to be carefully engineered. This contact could be easily incorporated into modern, high-efficiency solar cell designs, benefiting performance and yet simplifying processing by lowering the temperature and growth on only one side of the wafer.


Purpose Substance use disorders (SUDs) are widespread and cause significant morbidity and mortality, yet most people in the United States with a SUD do not receive treatment. Recommendations call for widespread use of pharmacotherapy, including medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). However, many facilities do not offer a full array of medication treatments. This study aims to characterize programs that do and do not offer pharmacotherapy as part of addiction treatment services. We hypothesized that the availability of pharmacotherapy would predict the existence of other recommended components of treatment. Patients and Methods We analyzed characteristics regarding treatment facilities (n = 15,782) recorded by the 2019 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) to determine how many SUD treatment facilities offer any pharmacotherapy. We compared facilities that offer any pharmacotherapy to facilities that offer none. Results We found that 65% of SUD treatment facilities that responded to the N-SSATS survey provided at least one pharmacotherapy, while 35% of SUD treatment facilities did not. The facilities that provided at least one pharmacotherapy offered, on average, 6 additional treatment options (Cohen's d = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.84–0.91). Psychiatric medications were the most commonly available pharmacotherapy, followed by buprenorphine/naloxone and naltrexone. Conclusion These results support that pharmacotherapy availability, such as MOUD, at SUD treatment facilities is associated with an increased number of recommended treatment components. Since MOUD has been shown elsewhere to reduce mortality for people with OUD, it should be universally available at SUD treatment facilities. Further efforts are needed to make pharmacotherapy more widely available.


Abstract. The attack upon the judicial rule that evidence seized in contravention of a person's constitutional rights shall be excluded from his trial, regardless how damaging to the prosecution's case—an attack advocated by Chief Justice Burger and President Reagan—rests upon a misunderstanding. This rule, the exclusionary rule, has not resulted in acquittals that would not otherwise have occurred. And it does, and has, protected the innocent as well as the guilty. The rule was fashioned by the Supreme Court of the United States to safeguard constitutional rights. These rights cannot be abridged constitutionally by the executive or the legislature; they can, but should not, be modified by their creators, the Justices, for they exist to check unconstitutional and illegal acts by agents of the State.


This guest editorial is by Nance K. Dicciani, HoneywellSpecialty Materials'president andCEO and chair of the American Chemistry Council's board committee with oversight for its Long- Range Research Initiative THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IS UNIQUE in being simultaneously a broad, essential catalyst for human advancement and the target of suspicion and mistrust. Be it through life-saving pharmaceuticals or new materials that make our computers faster or our soldiers safer, chemistry is critical to nearly every facet of human advancement. But at the same time, discoveries over the past decades that chemicals have had unintended consequences have fueled misgivings about their use. This suspicion, born from a paucity of real information—or worse, from misinformation— has clouded public debate on chemicals and sometimes has led to misguided regulation or legislation. But how does one fight suspicion and fear? With fact. Indeed, to paraphrase the eminent American thinker Ralph Waldo Emerson, the antidote to fear is kn...


This study investigates the potential moderating influence of price-related attitudes on the impact of direct mail on customer purchase behaviour in the apparel retail industry. The study develops a conceptual model that includes: (1) past purchase behaviour (RFM) and direct mail (promotional vs. relational) as antecedents; (2) purchase behaviour variables (purchase incidence, expenditure, number of purchasing visits, and number of product categories purchased) as outcome variables; and (3) price-related attitudes as potential moderating variable. The study demonstrates that customers react differently to direct mail in accordance with their level of price consciousness. In contrast, the customers' perception of a "price-quality" relationship does not appear to influence the impact of direct mail.


Hage, Erik. Cormac McCarthy: A Literary Companion. Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: McFarland, 2010. 200 pages. Paper $39.95, ISBN # 978-0786443109.Review by Megan Riley McGilchristMcCarthy studies is no longer the relatively open field of even a decade ago. Every new volume published runs the risk, even unbeknownst to its author, of covering material already broadly discussed. Erik Hage's Cormac McCarthy: A Literary Companion is an ambitious work with many good insights and much thoughtful commentary. The author has clearly immersed himself in McCarthy's works in a systematic and inclusive way, and his enthusiasm for his subject is evident. But it is hard to gauge the projected audience for this work. In his introduction, Hage suggests that, "McCarthy constitutes an entire universe waiting to be explored." In that case, I suggest, let the explorers explore.It is unsurprising that McCarthy scholars already know much material in this volume. Few features of McCarthy's canon have not fallen under the scrutinizing academic gaze. However, rather than contribute further to academic research on McCarthy, the author has stated that his book is a guide, therefore, to the uninitiated reader of McCarthy's works. In his introduction, he writes,As [Dana] Phillips put it, McCarthy's work sometimes "seems designed to elude interpretation, especially interpretation that would translate it into some supposedly more essential language." A critical companion to these novels should celebrate the language, the gifts, and the mystery at the heart of these books in a manner that most can appreciate at some level. McCarthy, who strikes that rare balance between commercial success and literary recognition, serves many readers, and this is most of all an "appreciation" of his work (6).McCarthy's elusiveness is not something that can be taken lightly. There is no "translating" of McCarthy; rather there is an understanding, often inexpressible, which comes from immersion in the language of McCarthy's works. As there are different levels of meaning, so too there are different levels of understanding. Like poetry, "which should not mean, but be," as Archibald MacLeish states, McCarthy's works resist easy summation. I would also take issue with the suggestion that a critical companion should somehow make available "the mystery" of McCarthy's work to a wider audience. Surely the "mystery" at the heart of McCarthy's oeuvre is one that may only be reached by a personal journey, not through definition of terms.The Companion begins with a biography of McCarthy and is followed by a series of alphabetized entries. This method creates a slightly lopsided structure. For example, the book opens with "Ab," referring to Suttree's Ab Jones. This itself is curious, as later characters such as Billy and Boyd Parham, and John Grady Cole, are referred to telephone-directory style, by their surnames, as in "Cole, John Grady". Entry lengths are somewhat random. "Ab" gets 607 words; the next entry, "Abbey, Edward," 745. Then an essay on All the Pretty Horses weighs in at about 5000, followed by about 3000 words on "The American Southwest." In addition, 1,200 words on "Animals" are followed by about 1,000 words on "Apocalyptic Themes." Following is a 500-word entry on Lester Ballard, followed by 172 words on Saul Bellow. Blood Meridian gets about 3000 words. And so forth. No list of contents exists except in the index, which is a deficiency. I question the usefulness of arranging terms alphabetically, and wonder if it might not have made the book less counter-intuitive if characters and themes had been listed according to their appropriate volume.Issues also emerge with the way in which themes and characters are addressed. Single characters often get as much space as much broader themes, suggesting-if the projected audience is the uninitiated reader-their equivalence. Additionally, in Hage's treatment of some of the larger issues in the McCarthy canon, one feels that there is a dangerous tendency to "sum up" McCarthy. …


Objective To study the effect of Fufang Shexiang injection on hemolytic degree in order to provide evidence for its clinical safe use. Methods The test solutions were prepared by diluting Fufang Shexiang injection from original to clinical use,The hemolytic degree of rabbit erythrocytes caused by the test solutions was measured by routine macroscopy、spectrometry. Results Both methods prove that Fufang Shexiang injection have no hemolytic reaction from six times diluted solution. This diluted times solution is less than the clinical used solution. Conclusion Fufang Shexiang injection is safe for clinical use without hemolytic reaction. Spectrometry is suggested as arbitration method during hemolytic reaction.