This article studies the fault-tolerant control issue of the air-breathing hypersonic vehicle subject to the actuator fault. Through singular perturbation modeling, the longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle can be transformed into a three-time-scale singularly perturbed system. A new nonlinear diagnostic observer is designed to estimate the actuator fault first. Then a cyclic-small-gain principle-based distributed fault-tolerant control strategy is developed by regarding the singularly perturbed system as an interconnected system with three subsystems. The proposed distributed fault-tolerant controller can achieve the input-to-state stability of the longitudinal motion at the cruising condition with respect to the fault estimation error. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The problem of the estimation of the parameters of linear systems from noisy inputoutput measurements is considered. A third-order cumulant matching recursive algorithm is developed. The algorithm provides unbiased estimates of the parameters for a wide class of correlated noise corrupting both the input and the output measurements. A Monte Carlo type of simulation shows the consistency and the superiority of the developed algorithm over the least-squares technique.


Micrometeorological observations were made during a prescribed fire experiment conducted in a region of complex terrain with grass fuels and weak ambient winds of 3 m s−1. The experiment allowed for the analysis of plume and turbulence structures including individual plume core evolution during fire front passage. Observations were made using a suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments strategically placed at the base of a gully with a 24° slope angle. The fire did not spread upwards along the gully because the ambient wind was not in alignment with the slope, demonstrating that unexpected fire spread can occur under weak wind conditions. Our observational results show that plume overturning caused downward heat transport of −64 kW m−2 to occur and that this mixing of warmer plume air downward to the surface may result in increased preheating of fine fuels. Plume evolution was associated with the formation of two plume cores, caused by vigorous entrainment and mixing into the plume. Furthermore, the turbulence kinetic energy observed within the plume was dominated by horizontal velocity variances, likely caused by increased fire-induced circulations into the plume core. These observations highlight the nature of plume core separation and evolution and provide context for understanding the plume dynamics of larger and more intense wildfires.


Time synchronization in the intelligent lighting control system is essential to ensure the correct data collection time and the accurate transmission of the control commands. NTP clients on the remote management device and the center control device are proposed for the intelligent lighting control system in this paper. Different from most current NTP clients, time synchronization in the proposed NTP clients mainly depended on synchronous records. The ARMA prediction model was established based on the synchronous records. By the prediction model, the NTP client on the remote management application in the lighting control system can calculate its local time based on the prediction instead of frequent NTP calculation. Similarly, the NTP client on the center control application in the lighting control system can stop communication with the NTP servers with large error based on the prediction model.


Abstract Background The single ICD-10 code for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) A04.7 was replaced in Oct 2017 with two codes delineating "recurrent CDI" (rCDI, A04.71) and "nonrecurrent CDI" (nrCDI, A04.72). This study aims to evaluate and validate use of the new ICD-10 codes for CDI among inpatient encounters at hospitals contributing to the Premier Healthcare Database (PHD). Methods This retrospective study included inpatient encounters with a CDI-related ICD code between Oct 2016-May 2019 in the PHD. Trends in CDI-related ICD coding were examined pre- and post- the Oct 2017 code update. Post Oct 2017, CDI-related inpatient encounters were characterized by clinical, facility, and provider variables, and whether coding was concordant or discordant to the 2017 IDSA guidelines 'within 60-days (2 months) from index CDI episode' time window for capturing rCDI. Multivariable regression examined variables associated with concordant coding. Results There was widespread adoption of the new CDI codes across hospitals in the PHD in Oct 2017. Post-Oct 2017, a total of 21,446 CDI-related encounters met sample selection criteria. About 67% of rCDI encounters and 25% of nrCDI encounters were coded concordantly. In the overall sample, the rCDI vs. nrCDI-coded encounters (p< 0.05) had higher proportions with emergency room admission, admitted by a gastroenterologist or infectious disease specialist, and receiving fidaxomicin, bezlotoxumab or FMT. Trends in inpatient characteristics for rCDI vs. nrCDI-coded encounters did not differ by coding concordance status. In regression analyses, encounters coded concordantly were significantly more likely to be for rCDI (OR 5.67), a non-elective admission (OR 1.17-1.42), or prescribed fidaxomicin (OR 1.11), or FMT (OR 1.29). Encounter Frequency Frequency Table Resource and Cost Table Conclusion There was no delay in transition to the new CDI-related ICD codes across hospitals in the PHD. Important for disease management, drug treatment trends for encounters coded as rCDI vs. nrCDI were consistent with guideline-recommendations for CDI. Coding concordance status based on the IDSA 60-day time window for identifying rCDI did not affect direction of observed trends in descriptive analyses, suggesting that other validation methods maybe needed. Regression Table Disclosures Abhishek Deshpande, MD, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc (Consultant, Shareholder)The Clorox Company (Grant/Research Support) Yiyun Chen, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc (Employee) Eugenia Boye-Codjoe, MPH, Merck & Co., Inc (Employee) Engels N. Obi, PhD, Merck & Co. (Employee, Shareholder)


The Oak Ridge Environmental Restoration (ER) Program developed and implemented the Environmental Restoration Benefit Assessment Matrix (ERBAM) early in 1994 to provide a simple, efficient process for prioritizing and justifying fiscal budget decisions for a diverse set of activities. The decision to develop a methodology for prioritizing sites was necessitated by the large number of buildings and areas managed by the DOE Oak Ridge Field Office and the finite resources available to address these areas. The ERBAM was based on the Integrated Resource Management System prioritization methodology historically used by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., to rank compliance and operational activities. To develop the matrix, ER Program management, working with federal and state regulators, agreed on impact criteria that balance the major objectives within the ER Program: protection of public health, protection of the environment, protection of on-site workers, consideration of stakeholder/community preference, achievement of ER mission, and optimization of cost efficiency. Lessons learned from the initial application of the matrix were used to make refinements and improvements in the methodology. A standard set of assumptions (both overall and categoric) and a prioritization board, consisting of top level DOE and Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., managers along with federal and state regulatory representatives, were established to facilitate consistent application. Current and future improvements include a method to incorporate existing quantitative risk data and facilitate increased efficiency in applying baseline cost data and approved funding levels to the prioritized output. Application of the prioritization methodology yields a prioritized list of all work activities within the programs` work breakdown structure.


Irrational Exuberance. Robert J. Shiller. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2000. 318 pp. $27.95, £17.50. ISBN 0-691-05062-7. In addition to arguing that the current U.S. stock market is overvalued, Shiller makes a strong case for interpreting the financial economics from a behavioral perspective that emphasizes psychological factors rather than rational choices.


The asymptotic partition function for quantized abelian Higgs vortices at high temperature T is found to leading and subleading order, and from this the equation of state of the vortex gas is derived, including the first quantum correction. It is assumed that the Hamiltonian is proportional to the Laplace–Beltrami operator on the moduli space of static N-vortex solutions. The partition function is calculated using the total volume and total scalar curvature of the moduli space.


An increase in water mineralization in the Kenti River has occurred as a result of mining at the Kostomuksha iron ore deposit (Republic of Karelia, north-west of the European part of Russia); it has become a relatively new type of anthropogenic impact. Meantime, the total mineralization of water in the upper reaches of the Kenti River reached 800 mg/L. The species composition, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton, phytoperiphyton, zooplankton, and zoobenthos were analyzed. The influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the chemical composition and formation of the structure of aquatic biocoenoses was assessed. The trophic status of the river, its saprobity, and the significance of particular communities and biotic indices for bioindication of the ecological state was studied. Dominant complex of the Kenti River was represented by a small number of species that were resistant to the dynamic load of water. The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton, phytoperiphyton, zooplankton, and zoobenthos made it possible to conclude on rather high degree of their development in river, as well as on their vital activity and flexibility. It was then reported on the ability of the river ecosystem to restore.


The paper gives estimation of raw material supply of "TUVACOBALT" plant, and includes results of geological prospecting and research works carried out in ore field of the Khovu-Aksy deposit during 1947-1993. Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources has realized research and development efforts on elaboration of ecologically safe technologies of precious components comprehensive extraction from arsenide ores of complex composition and production of new commodities from cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic, and precious metals. The main task of these works were to evaluate the revival prospects of cobalt manufacturing in the former volume, but on new technological and technical basement with priority treatment of technogenic waste of hydrometallurgical processing of arsenide ores of the Khovu-Aksy deposit.


Function of transport the way the terminal the unit of carriage motive power packaging packing unitization materials handling warehousing bulk transport financial aspects of transport legal aspects of transport documentation of transport movements the control of transport transport as a series fo logistical solutions just-in-time approach to industrial activities.


The archaeological data were used for studying the Ladoga Lake chronology and for defining the shores of different periods. 39 components from 29 archaeological sites were investigated. The sites are from western and north-western Ladoga shores and also from the south one. In the north-western part of the Ladoga area shorelines were defined at 30 m a. s. l. 9500 BC; 21 m a. s. l. 7700 BC; 23 m a. s. l. 7000-5000 BC; 21 m a. s. l. 1200 BC. Gradients of the surface tilt were calculated for different periods.


In the present study, heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop were measured during evaporation of R-41OA at low evaporating temperatures that was corresponding to the operational conditions of heat pumps. Heat transfer measurements were performed for 3.0 m long smooth and micro-fin tubes with outside diameter of 9.52 and 7.0 ㎜. The range of parameters covered include evaporating temperature from -15 to 5 ℃, refrigerant mass flux from 68 to 211 ㎏/㎡s and heat flux from 5 to 15 ㎾/㎡. It was observed that evaporation heat transfer coefficients increased as evaporating temperature decreased with the low heat flux. Micro-fin tubes of 9.52㎜ and 7.0 ㎜ showed 90 to 170% and from 20 to 50%, respectively, higher evaporation heat transfer coefficients than those for smooth tubes at the similar conditions. Pressure drop was increased with the decrease of evaporating temperature and the increase of mass flux.


Thank you for reading computing calamities lessons learned from products projects and companies that failed. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this computing calamities lessons learned from products projects and companies that failed, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


Abstract
Purpose
This chapter investigates the perceptions of social audit within the context of the garment companies of Bangladesh. The chapter highlights two recent incidents that claimed the lives of about 1,300 garment workers in Bangladesh. Based on the fact that Western clothing brands use social audits before sourcing their products from Bangladesh, this chapter investigates if any real change happens as a result of the information provided in the social audit reports.

Methodology/approach
The insights were gathered through conducting personal interviews with managers of social audit firms, corporate managers and various stakeholders of the textile and garment companies of Bangladesh. This chapter used the accountability theory to understand the perceptions of social audit.

Findings
The chapter finds that different stakeholders have different perspectives regarding social audits. The high-profile catastrophes within the supply chain garment factories of Bangladesh provided evidence that social audits did not help prevent such catastrophes in a different socio-economic context. The results have revealed stakeholder dissatisfaction with the procedures and content of social audits. It also finds that there is an expectation gap between the preparers and users of social audit reports.

Practical implications
The insights provided in this chapter would benefit garment manufacturers of developing countries and relevant stakeholders to demonstrate more accountability while conducting a social audit.

Originality/value
This is the first known chapter investigating stakeholders' perceptions of social audit within the context of a developing country. More importantly, it focuses on responsible corporate behaviour in a socially sensitive industry.


Burarra people at Maningrida speak Burarra as their language. There are different dialects which come from Burarra such as An-barra, Martay, Gun-nartpa, but they are not used much at Maningrida community.


Poverty has spread far and wide in the Islamic coun tries despite the fact that this is not commensurate with the vast resources endowment of these countries. Its impact has been on such a large scale that it has become a str uctural phenomenon of human deprivation manifested in hunger, malnutrition, dis ease, illiteracy, and low level and quality of consumption of hundreds of millions of p eople, particularly in the least developed and low-income countries (LDLICs). In recognition of the gravity of the situation of poverty in the OIC countries in genera l and the OIC-LDLICs in particular, this paper is meant to be an investigation into the status and determinants of poverty in the OIC- LDLICs. It attempts to assess the situatio n of poverty in these countries and to propose a wide range of policy recommendations for poverty alleviation at the country as well as the OIC levels.


Auditory, Somatosensory and Visual Evoked Potentials in the Diagnosis of Neuropathology: Recording Considerations and Normative Data -- Adaptation Effects in the Transient Visual Evoked Potential -- Linguistic Meaning-Related Differences in ERP Scalp Topography -- Application of Somatosensory Event Related Potentials to Experimental Pain and the Pharmacology of Analgesia -- Hemispheric Differences in Evoked Potentials to Relevant and Irrelevant Visual Stimuli -- A System Transfer Function for Visual Evoked Potentials -- Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Man: Maturation, Cognitive Parameters and Clinical Uses in Neurological Disorders -- Event Related Potential Investigations in Children at High Risk for Schizophrenia -- Late Positive Component (LPC) and CNV During Processing of Linguistic Information -- The Macular and Paramacular Subcomponents of the Pattern Evoked Response -- The Effects of Methylphenidate Dosage on the Visual Event Related Potential of Hyperactive Children -- Evoked Potential Indicants of Size- and Orientation-Specific Information Processing: Feature-Specific Sensory Channels and Attention -- Maturation and Task Specificity of Cortical Potentials Associated with visual Scanning -- Multichannel Mapping of Spatial Distributions of Scalp Potential Fields Evoked by Checkerboard Reversal to Different Retinal Areas -- Spontaneous and Evoked Cerebral Electrical Activity and Localization of Language Function in Children with Minimal Cerebral Dysfunction -- Hemisphere Differences in Event Related Potentials and CNVs Associated with Monaural Stimuli and Lateralized Motor Responses -- Different Variants of Endogenous Negative Brain Potentials in Performance Situations: A Review and Classification -- Event Related Potentials in Language and Non-Language Tasks in Patients with Alexia without Agraphia -- Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Olfactory Evoked Potentials and Techniques Involved in Their Measurement -- Event Related Scalp Potentials During a Bimanual Choice R. T. Task: Topography and Interhemispheric Relations -- A Trial by Trial Study of the Visual Omission Response in Reaction Time Situations -- Event Related Potential Research in Psychiatry -- Spatial Distributions of Sensory Evoked Potentials in Psychiatric Disorders -- Contrast Evoked Potentials and Psychophysics in Multiple Sclerosis Patients -- Event Related Potentials in Development, Aging and Dementia -- Event Related Potential Assessment of Sensory and Cognitive Deficits in the Mentally Retarded -- Anatomical and Physiological Origins of Auditory Brain Stem Responses (ABR) -- Color Evoked Potentials: Cortical and Subcortical Elements -- Abstracts -- Interactions Between Target and Masking Stimuli: Perceptual and Event Related Potential Effects -- Cerebral Organization of Event Related Potentials Analyzed by Multidimensional Scaling Techniques -- Electrophysiological Indicators of Cognitive Deficits in Chronic Alcoholics and Geriatric Subjects -- GSR, AEP and CNV in Depressed Patients and Healthy Controls -- Scalp-Recorded Visual Evoked Subcortical Potentials in Man -- Efficacy of the Scalp-Recorded Visually Evoked Potential in Demonstrating Misrouting of Optic Projections in Man -- Event Related Brain Potentials in Response to Conscious and Non-Concious Stimuli: Hemispheric Specialization and the Effects of Attention -- Clinical Use of the ABR in an Infant Intensive Care Unit -- The Evoked Potential as a Measure of Brain Dysfunction: -- Aging, Down's Syndrome, Alcoholoism, Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Renal Disease -- A New Test of Brain Function: Brain Stem Transmission Time (BTT) -- Equivocation in Prediction Versus No-Prediction Schedules: Effects on ERSP Measures -- The Utility of ERPs in Determining Age-Related Differences -- Application of ERPs in the Study of Drug Use and Abuse in Man: A Close Look with More Sensitive Tasks and Measurement Techniques -- Auditory Evoked Potentials and Psychophysical Parameters in Circadian Studies -- Effects of Methylphenidate on Hyperactive Children's Evoked Responses During Passive and Active Attention -- Evoked Potentials in Senile Dementia -- Electrophysiological and Biochemical Studies in Autistic Children Treated with Vitamin B6 -- Visual Event Related Potentials of Pilots and Navigators -- Effects of Slow Cortical Potentials on Reaction Time -- Effect of Sound Pressure Direction and Frequency Spectrum of Clicks on Brain Stem Responses in Children -- Relations Between Contingent Negative Variation and Behavior Under Psychoactive Drugs in Man -- Evoked Potential Abnormality and Disability in Brain Damaged Patients: A Replication Study and Preliminary Findings in Relation to Outcome -- Electrocortical Manifestations of Complementary Hemispheric Specialization in an Expectancy Task -- The Effects of Optical Blur and Grating Adaptation on Amplitude and Phase of Evoked Potentials -- Operant Evoked Potential Conditioning in Animal and Man -- Visual Evoked Potentials During Stimulus Discrimination Learning -- The Utilization of Evoked Potentials in Psychopharmacology and Pharmacopsychiatry -- Discriminate Function Models of ERP Data in Hyperactive Children -- Auditory Evoked Potentials as Probes of Lateralized Information Processing in Adults and Infants -- Auditory Evoked Potentials Indicate Attentive Dysfunctions in Hyperkinetic Adolescents -- Diminished CNV Rebound and Perseverative Attention Set in Older Subjects -- Late Components of the Auditory Evoked Response in Schizophrenics -- HAAR Transforms of Event Related Potentials: Toward an Optimal Re-Expression of the Data -- Developmental Changes in ERP Preceding Movement: Relation to Variability and IQ -- Evoked Potentials in the Differential Diagnosis of Sensory and Neurologic Impairment in Children -- Contributor Index -- Author Index.


Turn-key beamlines built by Danfysik are to be installed at the medical cyclotron facility VECC in Kolkata, India. The beamlines will transport a 500 μA beam of 15 – 30 MeV protons to the target stations where they will be used for research and development. A raster scanning system is used to generate a uniform dose distribution in a square or circular pattern. The beamline components, collimators, diagnostics, and helium cooled HAVAR separation foils protecting the beamlines and cyclotron from possible contamination from the targets are designed for up to 15 kW beam power. INTRODUCTION A medical cyclotron facility is being installed at VECC in Kolkata. The cyclotron will feed five beamlines. Three of these are dedicated for the production of radioisotopes for radiopharmaceuticals. The 4th beamline is for carrying out materials science related activities such as damage studies, production of radioactive isotopes as positron sources, for charge particle activation analysis etc. The 5th beamline is for carrying out activities related to liquid metal lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) target. BARC and IGCAR will operate the 4th and 5th beamlines. Danfysik has designed and fabricated the 4th and 5th beamlines. The beamlines have undergone a Factory Acceptance Test at Danfysik without beam. The high DC beam power puts significant constraints in the beam optical design as well as on the beam diagnostics, which have been designed to withstand this beam power. 4TH BEAMLINE Figure 1 shows the 4th beamline which is designed to feed two target stations. A five-port dipole magnet initially either deflects the beam towards the low-power station or lets the beam pass straight through to the high-energy station. Figure 1: Physical layout of the 4 beamline. The assembled beamline is shown in Figure 2. The switching dipole is seen to the far left. The high power beamline is seen in the front, and the low power beamline is located behind this. Figure 2: 4 beamlines installed for Factory Acceptance Test (December 2016) at Danfysik. Beam Optics Key beam parameters are given in Table 1. Table 1: Beam Parameters in the 4 Beamline th Ion H+ Energy 15 – 30 MeV Hor. emittance at 30 MeV (norm.) 10  mm mrad Vert. emittance at 30 MeV (norm.) 5  mm mrad Energy spread < 600 keV Beam current, high-power beamline 500 μA Beam current, low-power beamline 50 μA Beam spot on target, FWHM 10 – 12 mm Scanned beam 30 mm × 30 mm Beam uniformity +/10% Scanner frequencies 20 – 200 Hz The beam optics is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, which show the beam optics all the way from the beam extraction at the cyclotron and to the target. The delivery of Danfysik only includes the last half of the beamlines, i.e. from the last dipole and to the target station. Proceedings of IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark THPVA077 08 Applications of Accelerators, Technology Transfer and Industrial Relations U01 Medical Applications ISBN 978-3-95450-182-3 4631 Co py rig ht © 20 17 CC -B Y3. 0 an d by th er es pe ct iv ea ut ho rs Figure 3: Beam optics for the 4 th beamline, low energy branch. Effect of vacuum isolation system not shown. Figure 4: Beam optics for the 4 beamline, high energy branch. Effect of vacuum isolation system not shown. The Danfysik beamlines consists of a short common part with a beamline selecting dipole followed by two sub beamlines. Each of the sub beamlines (high and low power) consists of a quadrupole doublet, which focuses the beam onto the target, and a set of scanner magnets which scan the beam in a raster fashion over the target, see Fig. 5. The vacuum of the beamlines is isolated from the target stations with a dual foil system. The scattering of the beam particles is significant and has been included in the beam optical design. The dual foil system is designed to withstand the power deposited by a scanned beam, where the power is distributed over a large part of the foil. Figure 5: Transverse beam profile on target. The profile on the right shows the scanned profile as well as the profile


Succulent xerophytes (SX) and less succulent xerophytes (LSX) are able to accumulate inorganic ions and synthesize organic solutes (OS) to adapt to drought stress. Silicon (Si) is one of the five beneficial elements for plants and its importance to SX has been confirmed. In the study, the features of main osmolytes and Si were studied in SX and LSX species, and the coupling effects of inorganic ions were investigated in the SX H. ammodendron and LSX C. korshinskii. Results showed that SX and LSX had the common adaptive characteristic of preferentially accumulating inorganic ions rather than OS for drought resistance, and the total amount of osmotica in SX was 2.36‐times higher than that in the LSX. The greatest contribution to drought resistance was K+ (29.7%), the lowest was Na+ (2.4%) in LSX, while the greatest contribution was Na+ (41.7%), the total OS was the lowest (2.4%) in SX. The coupling effects of inorganic ions played vital important roles in drought resistance of the SX and LSX. The better coupling ratios of NaCl, NH4NO3, CaCl2, MgCl2 and Na2SiO3 in H. ammodendron were 20:5:20:40:10 and 40:10:60:10:7.5 (g kg−1 dry soil), and the better coupling ratios of KNO3, CaCl2, MgCl2 and K2SiO3 in C. korshinskii were 20:10:20:10 and 40:20:60:5 (g kg−1 dry soil). Findings suggested that the rational coupling of inorganic ions can be utilized as mineral compound fertilizers to restore and reconstruct degraded vegetations in semiarid areas.


Abstract The need to adapt to the use of computer methods in local planning offices is inevitable. In the course of transition the strains of adjustment can be moderated by systematic and careful work. Beginning with automation of data files, gradually increasing the systematic use of them, and perhaps then moving into the more demanding techniques of analysis and simulation is the most productive approach. The selection and retraining of personnel and careful management of the assimilation of computer skills into staff operations can encourage a smooth transition and the best results.


Quadripolar left ventricular pacing leads permit a variety of pacing configurations from different sites within a coronary vein. There may be advantages to selecting a specific pacing vector. This study examines whether the range of cardiac outputs obtained at cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation is greater between different poles within a vein, or greater between two different veins.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to motivate and solve a puzzle regarding the intuition that just as in the absence of perceptual experience we lack an important kind of understanding of sensory properties like colour, in the absence of affective experience we lack an important kind of understanding of value. The puzzle consists in understanding how can a property pertaining to the experience of the subject i.e. the affective component of emotional experience, provide us with a distinctive epistemic access to, and therefore an understanding of, properties that are instantiated by objects distinct from the experience i.e. the evaluative property of the object of experience. I argue that solving the puzzle necessitates us to commit to a metaphysical view of value according to which affective experience and evaluative properties are related by explanatory circularity. The upshot of the paper is that affective experience provides us with the sort of understanding of value that motivates the generation of evaluative concepts.


The total sum bequeathed for charitable and educational purposes by the late Sir Edward Wood, J-P. (particulars of whose life and work appeared in The Hospital of November 5, 1910, and September 29, 1917), is approximately ?50,000. To the Leicester Boyal Infirmary, of which institution he was chairman, and the founder of the reconstruction scheme, he bequeathed ?1,000 each for the endowment of two beds to the memory of himself and his wife, and ?1,000 to the erection of a new pathological department, this being a contribution which te promised in his lifetime. Subject to certain life interests, he also bequeathed out of his residuary estate ?4,000 for the endowment of four beds to the memory of members of his family, and ?1,000 ^or the establishment of a medical library in the institution. To the Children's Hospital in connection with the infirmary he bequeathed ?500 for the endowment of a cot, and, subject to certain interests, ?1,500 from his residuary estate for the endowment of three cots to the memory of members of his family. The total bequests to these institutions are thus ?10,000. Other bequests included ?2,000 to the "Wyggeston Hospital Schools at Leicester; for the foundation of an " Edward Wood " scholarship tenable at one or other of the universities approved by the governors of the school, and renewable for a period not exceeding four years; ?1,000 to the Leicester Charity Organisation Society; ?500 and, subject to certain interests, a further ?500 from his residuary estate to the Leicester District Nursing Association and Home; ?100 each to the Leicester Maternity Hospital, the Infant Orphan. Asylum, Leicester, the Leicester branch of the Surgical Aid Society, the Leicester Branch Association for the Blind, the Wycliffe Association for the Blind, and the Leicester Homceopathic Hospital; ?1,000 to the Leicester


This thesis presents my PhD work about molecular diffusion on surfaces of carbon materials. The main research has been undertaken in the form of neutron and helium spectroscopy studies and theoretical models have been developed for an interpretation of experimental data.In the first part, the growth procedure of an epitaxial graphene layer on the (111) surface of a nickel crystal is described and the adsorption and diffusion of water and of benzene on the graphene surface are discussed. Results from helium spin-echo spectroscopy studies are presented with the aspiration to obtain a detailed qualitative and quantitative description of the structure of the adsorbate and the molecular diffusion on the surface.In the following chapters, the diffusion of molecular hydrogen adsorbed in carbon aerogel, in a novel porous carbon D-96-7, and in exfoliated graphite is discussed, based on results from neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy. The aim is a detailed understanding of the connection between porosity, surface chemistry, and the molecular diffusion.


The mechanics of vapor bubble collapse under spherically symmetrical conditions is examined with a view to ascertain the relative importance of the effects of liquid inertia and heat transfer on the collapse rate. Equations governing the motion of the bubble wall were cast into appropriate dimensionless forms which led to a logical classification of the collapse mode into three categories: (i) where the collapse is controlled by liquid inertia, (ii) where heat transfer from the bubble to the liquid is the controlling mechanism, and (iii) where both effects are of comparable importance. The classic case studied by Rayleigh belongs to category (i). Two simple, but approximate solutions have been obtained for category (ii) using, respectively, the plane interface'' approximation and PlessetZwick's zero-order'' solution for the bubble wall temperature. Numerical solutions are given for cases where both heat transfer and liquid inertia effects are retained. A single dimensionless parameter is identified which may be used to characterize the mode of collapse, provided it is properly evaluated. Discriminating values of this parameter are suggested for the simple case where the collapse is initiated by a step change in pressure or temperature. For heat transfer controlled collapse, a model is also proposed tomore » account for the influence on the collapse rate of a permanent gas present in the bubble. Experimental results for bubbles collapsing in water and ethyl alcohol are presented. Bubbles were photographed while collapsing in a near zero-gravity field, to approximate a spherically symmetrical process. Data are presented for bubbles with initial radii from 0.3 cm to 0.9 cm collapsing at atmospheric pressures under pressure differences ranging from 12 cm Hg to 63 cm Hg. The corresponding degrees of subcooling are 5 to 45 deg C. Data are also presented for vapor bubbles containing significant quantities of permanent gas. Within the limits of the experimental investigation, the data confirm the results and trends predicted from the theoretical analysis, both as to the mode of collapse and the influence of a permanent gas. Departures from spherical symmetry occurred in some cases due to the unstable nature of the collapse, or for slowly collapsing bubbles due to relatively small translational velocities. An interpretation of these observations is presented and discussed. (auth)« less


PriceIRCouperJ. Cognitive behaviour therapy for adults with chronic fatigue syndrome. Coirne Review, latest version 24 Aug 1998. In: The Cochrane Library. Oxford: Update Software.


The implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the financial reporting system is an effort to encourage transparent and accountable zakat management. This study aimed to determine the financial reporting system and the application of GCG in the financial reporting system of BAZNAS Kebumen Regency. The research method in this research is qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. The informants consisted of three informants from BAZNAS Kebumen Regency. The data used are primary data obtained through direct interviews with informants and secondary data obtained from internal institution data, financial reports and several literature studies. The results show that the financial reporting system in BAZNAS Kebumen Regency is good enough at implementing GCG in the financial reporting system with principles consisting of transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence and justice. The implementation of GCG in the financial reporting system makes BAZNAS Kebumen Regency have a transparent and accountable reporting system to increase the community's trust or muzakki to pay zakat to BAZNAS.


The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) is charged with developing practice parameters for neurologists for diagnostic procedures, treatment modalities, and clinical disorders. The selection of topics for which practice parameters are used is based on prevalence, frequency of use, economic impact, membership involvement, controversy, urgency, external constraints, and resources required. This article addresses the usefulness of evoked potentials (EPs) in identifying clinically silent lesions in patients with suspected MS.

The diagnosis of MS remains primarily clinical, requiring evidence of white matter lesions disseminated in space and time.1,2 Some patients with suspected MS not fulfilling clinical dissemination criteria (MS suspects) have abnormal EPs that identify clinically unsuspected lesions.3,4 Current diagnostic criteria allow MS suspects to be reclassified into definite MS categories if EPs identify clinically silent lesions.2,5 The identification of clinically unsuspected lesions is one major reason clinicians use EPs in MS suspects.4,6

Presumably, MS suspects with EP-identified clinically silent lesions are more likely to have MS and are at higher risk for developing MS-related disabilities. Accurately identifying these high-risk patients will become increasingly important if early therapies are demonstrated to be effective in preventing or delaying disability in patients with MS.

To determine the effectiveness of EP-identified silent lesions in diagnosing MS, we performed a systematic review and analysis of the literature. Based on this review we propose practice parameters for the use of EPs in patients with suspected MS.

Confirmation of the ability of EP-identified clinically silent lesions to diagnose MS requires a comparison with an independently verifiable gold standard.7 Potential gold standards include pathologic confirmation of MS lesions, brain MRI, or the eventual development of clinically definite MS (CDMS). Pathologic confirmation in MS suspects is not usually practical given the …


The effect of the fermentation condition, such as sponge dough mixing temperature, sponge dough fermentation time, dough mixing temperature and floor time during bread production by sponge dough method, on bakery products were investigated using the experiment of orthogonal L8 design. The pH values of products were decreased and their T.T.A. values were increased when the temperature of sponge dough mixing were high (23°C →27°C) and the time of sponge ferrnentation were long (3hrs→5hrs). The dough mixing temperature and floor time did not affect the pH and T.T.A. values of products. Any of these production factors did not affect the specific volume of products. The sponge dough mixing temprature and sponge dough fermentation


In recent years there have been an increasing number of studies of the psychological components of the etiology and pathogenesis of neoplastic disease. Reviews of this literature and discussions of some of the theoretical problems involved include Kowal, 1 Petschke, 2 Greene, 3,4 and LeShan. 5 In general these appear to indicate the existence of certain life-history patterns in a statistically significant larger percentage of examined cancer patients than of equated controls. Several studies (Peller; 6,7 LeShan and Worthington; 8 LeShan, Marvin, and Lyerly 9 ) have shown that it is possible to use these clinical hypotheses to help clarify otherwise anomalous variations in the cancer mortality statistics. One particular aspect of these life-history patterns has been the finding of an underlying emotional orientation which can be described as a bleak and hopeless despair about ever achieving any real satisfactions or meaning in life, apparently existing prior


ABSTRACT Zygonix iris is widespread in tropical Asia, and larvae are sprawlers/clingers on rock surfaces in fast-flowing streams and rivers. In the Lam Tsuen River, Hong Kong, this species is univoltine; emergence occurs prior to the summer monsoon and larval recruitment during the wet season. Studies on larval dietary composition in four habitats indicated that Z. iris is a generalist predator, consuming epibenthic prey taxa in proportion to their abundance in the environment. Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) and Baetis (Ephemeroptera) were the commonest food items at all sites and there was little consistent evidence of preference for individual taxa. Larger Z. iris larvae tended to consume more prey taxa than did smaller larvae, and Baetis prey size was positively correlated with predator size. No size selection of chironomid larvae was apparent. Despite its unusual larval habit, Z. iris is a generalist feeder resembling lotic and lentic temperate-zone Odonata.


The classification of the methods of cost accounting and calculations of production (services, work) price is considered. Some variants of cost accounting on direct-costing method are analyzed. It is offered to use the factor cost information for the calculations of small enterprises" production price. The calculations of indicators of the manufacture price, sales and profit are given.


The orbital angular momentum of individual stars in galactic discs can be permanently changed through torques from transient spiral patterns. Interactions at the corotation resonance dominate these changes and have the further property of conserving orbital circularity. We derived in an earlier paper an analytic criterion that an unperturbed stellar orbit must satisfy in order for such an interaction to occur i.e. for it to be in a trapped orbit around corotation. We here use this criterion in an investigation of how the efficiency of induced radial migration for a population of disc stars varies with the angular momentum distribution of that population. We frame our results in terms of the velocity dispersion of the population, this being an easier observable than is the angular momentum distribution. Specifically, we investigate how the fraction of stars in trapped orbits at corotation varies with the velocity dispersion of the population, for a system with an assumed flat rotation curve. Our analytic results agree with the finding from simulations that radial migration is less effective in populations with 'hotter' kinematics. We further quantify the dependence of this trapped fraction on the strength of the spiral pattern, finding a higher trapped fraction for higher amplitude perturbations.


Financial risk is a critical variable in forming enterprise's financial crisis, the cyclical showing of which is an objective law undecided by the will of people. Although financial risk identification is very important to enterprise, but there is still not an effective way. Combing with matrix identification principles, this paper puts forward a matrix model for enterprise to identify its financial risks. Firstly, it divides financial risks of enterprise into three types what are financial environment-adaptation risk and financial resource-allocation risk and financial stakeholder-cooperation risk. Secondly, it explores the identification principle of three-dimensional financial risks. Thirdly, it builds a matrix identification model for identifying three-dimensional financial risks of enterprise and gives an algorithm. The result shows that financial risk identification matrix model can provide theoretical and technical support for enterprise's financial risk identifying system.


Reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), the endothermic spin-flip process of producing an emissive singlet exciton from a non-emissive triplet exciton, is of increasing interest for applications in organic electroluminescent materials, photocatalysts, and biomedical probes. Theoretical prediction of the rate constant of RISC (k
 RISC) may enable an efficient priori screening of new materials in chemical spaces; yet, the understanding of its kinetics in vastly different structures is challenging. Here, we demonstrate a theoretical expression that reproduces experimental k
 RISC ranging over five orders of magnitude in twenty different molecules. We show that the spin flip occurs across the singlet–triplet crossing seam involving a higher-lying triplet excited state where the semi-classical Marcus parabola is no longer valid.1 The present model also leads to a newly designed TADF molecule with high k
 RISC of 108 s–1.2

 1. N. Aizawa, Y. Harabuchi, S. Maeda, Y.-J. Pu, Nat. Commun.
 11, 3909 (2020).
 2. N. Aizawa, A. Matsumoto, T. Yasuda, Sci. Adv.
 7, 5769 (2021).

 Figure 1


THE CURRENT emergency has severely restricted research in the endocrine field, partly by new and unexpected demands on the time of investigators, partly by reduction in personnel and partly by the lack of availability of materials. Furthermore, the last five years have closed an era characterized by the description of a multitude of endocrine products and their effects and have opened a new era during which the analytical method seems destined to become more and more fruitful. Perhaps, therefore, it is opportune to review some of the results obtained during this transition period for reorientation against the day when the present restrictions are lifted. PITUITARY The concept of the anterior pituitary as the master gland of the endocrine system has been maintained as an important, directing influence in the analysis of pituitary function. There now seems no room for reasonable doubt that the pituitary gland elaborates a number of endocrine products.


This paper introduces the features and types of Agricola,analyzes some problems and shortages existing in the development of Agricola in Shanxi Province,and probes into Agricola's sustainable development mode.


Systematic fluctuations are reported for the s-wave neutron strength functions of adjacent mass target nuclei with odd and even neutron number. Within the 3S and 4S single-particle resonances, the fluctuations appear to be related to odd-even variations in the doorway state density which are correlated with the excitation energy. A simple model calculation successfully reproduces the strength function fluctuations in the first peak of the split 4S resonance (143 less than or equal to A less than or equal to 160). An examination of all available even-Z strength function data suggests a general trend; S-odd greater than S-even near single-particle resonances and S-even greater than S-odd between resonances. This result is discussed in terms of the optical model spreading width W and other fundamental nuclear properties. 5 figures. (auth)


The paper suggests a new method to measure vertical degree of pick-up and disc directly.The key of new method is to measure position of laser from pick-up.And it also suggests a specialty algorithm to calculating position of laser image.


The efficiency ofhydrogel "Appolo" in complex treatment of purulent wounds in children was examined. The authors revealed the expressed antibacterial, prolonged anesthetizing and accelerated wound healing action of this gel. The use of the dressing in patients with purulent wounds reduced the phase of inflammation and the size of microbial populations in the wounds and accelerated wound healing by 1.3 times. The dressing is promising in treatment purulent wounds and cavities.


The continuity between mitral valve and the left ventricular wall through chordae tendinae and papillary muscles plays a role in left ventricular function. The morbity and mortality for mitral valve replacement remain much higher than other cardiac procedures such as aortic valve replacement, mitral valvuloplasty and coronary artery bypass grafts. These facts justify all possible studies related to the correction of mitral valve insufficiency. The present paper presents our experience with two techniques for correction of mitral valve insufficiency: valve replacement with preservation of the mitral apparatus components and valvuloplasty by the reconstruction and advancement leaflet. Our main concern was the surgical details and ventricular function studies were not performed. Various techniques to maintain continuity of the mitral valve annulus and the ventricular musculature, when valve replacements is mandatory, are presented. The importance of the reconstruction and advancement of the posterior leaflet, alone or associated with other repair techniques such as comissurotomy, annuloplasty and shortening of chordae tendinae, is emphasized.


A microplasma thruster of the electrothermal type has been developed using azimuthally symmetric microwave-excited microplasmas. The plasma source was ∼2 mm in diameter and ∼10 mm long, and operated at around atmospheric pressures; the micronozzle was a converging–diverging type, having a throat ∼0.2 mm in diameter and ∼1 mm long. Numerical and experimental results with Ar demonstrated that this miniature electrothermal thruster gives a thrust of >1 mN, a specific impulse of ∼100 s and a thrust efficiency of ∼10% at a microwave power of <10 W.


Voice applications commonly share grammar elements with a supporting voice browser. This overlap creates the need for a rule set to determine whether a given instance should be handled by the browser or the application. Further, the browser grammar may interfere with the recognition of the application grammar and the application developer must be able to mitigate for this potential problem. This paper describes an approach which allows the browser administrator to specify instances which must be handled by the browser and also gives the application developer the ability to weight the application grammar relative to the Global Grammar. The solution described here is consistent with the theory that usability professionals should be involved not only in application user interface design, but also in platform design.


Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects have become a proven method of infrastructure procurement to achieve higher rate of economic growth in the most developing countries. However, researches carried out in similar fields have identified that lack of enabling environments hinder implementation of PPPs. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to propose strategies to create enabling environments for PPP projects in Sri Lanka. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted to ascertain viewpoints of experienced professionals in fields of strategic planning and PPPs. The collected data was analysed using content analysis techniques. It was revealed that creation of a national PPP policy, establishment of a national PPP unit, creation of a private sector infrastructure development fund and making necessary legislative amendments as key strategies to create an enabling environment for PPPs in any developing nation. This research gives a significant basis of long term and short-term strategies that have to be made in five fronts of policy, legal, institutional, financial and communication frameworks for enabling PPPs. The proposed strategic outline is probable to implement, however, it requires a detailed study and further validation prior implementation.


Hypothesis Undergraduate medical education is increasing the use of simulation-based methodologies to expand students' exposure to complex clinical scenarios.1-2 While a review of the literature was conducted in 2008 looking at the role of simulation within psychiatric education, emphasis on this review was placed more broadly on all areas of psychiatric education and primarily the role of standardized patients and role play.3 The hypothesis of this paper was to see if additional and potentially more promising approaches to simulation were influencing curriculum development within undergraduate psychiatric education. This paper will review the existing literature on simulation methodologies used specifically within undergraduate psychiatry education and provide an overview of most commonly used approaches to date. The goal is to identify innovative and useful simulations and potential gaps in the use of simulation within the undergraduate psychiatry curriculum. Methods The authors searched the MEDLINE, ERIC, and PsychINFO databases to 2014 using multiple search terms, including simulation, standardized patients, psychiatry, undergraduate education and medical student. A manual refined search of the yielded results specifically including medical students, a range of simulation methodologies (e.g., use of standardized patients, virtual reality, and e-learning simulation modules) was conducted. Literature that indirectly related to the defined search parameters was also included. The authors reviewed each paper manually to determine the type of simulation used and to determine the appropriateness of the use of simulation as a learning modality to enhance teaching, medical student learning and/or assessment. The psychiatry area of focus for the simulation learning was also ascertained. Results The refined search criteria yielded a total of 352 articles examining the use of simulation-based methodologies within undergraduate psychiatry education. Areas of focus included the use of simulation to support learning, assessment, changing attitudes about psychiatry, decreasing stigma, and building empathy among medical students. Of the 352 articles generated, 85 dealt specifically with the use of simulation in undergraduate medical education and spanned a period from 1977 to 2013. Seventy-three percent of the papers looked at the use of standardized patients and 19% utilized an online or web based simulation intervention. Five papers looked at virtual patients in enhancing education. The vast majority of the papers reviewed used simulation in teaching or skill building while seventeen percent discussed its value in assessment or Objective Structured Clinical Examination. Two papers discussed the value of simulation in building cultural competency among medical students.4-5 Conclusion Despite the varied uses of simulation across many health disciplines, little has changed in undergraduate psychiatric education since the 2008 review.3 Some papers focused on skills such as communication skills, empathy and decreasing stigma in psychiatry.6-10 Expanding on these is essential since they are relevant to all facets of the practice of medicine. While a small percentage of papers used simulation-based e-learning models or virtual patients, given the significant resource required for SPs and the challenges in accommodating such learning experiences within an already dense curriculum, these modalities show promise.11 Virtual patients, are reflective of the emergence of the field of telepsychiatry and enable more opportunities for simulation-based learning across a diverse set of contexts.2 Future directions include evaluating the efficacy of these interventions using models of learning to inform future curriculum development in undergraduate psychiatry.12 References 1. Humphrey HJ. Marcangelo M. Rodriguez ER. Spitz D. Assessing competencies during education in psychiatry. International Review of Psychiatry. 25(3):291–300, 2013 Jun. 2. Srinivasan M, Hwang JC, West D, Yellowlees PM. Assessment of clinical skills using simulator technologies. Acad Psychiatry. 2006;30:505–515 3. McNaughton N, Ravitz P, Waddell A, et al: Psychiatric education and simulation: a review of the literature. Can J Psychiatry 2008; 55:3–11 4. Smith BD, Silk K. Cultural competence clinic: an online, interactive, simulation for working effectively with Arab American Muslim patients. Acad Psychiatry, 2011; 35:312–6. 5. Ekblad S, Manicavasagar V, Silove D, Baarnhielm S, Reczycki M, Mollica R, et al. The use of international videoconferencing as a strategy for teaching medical students about transcultural psychiatry. Transcultural Psychiatry 2004; 41, 120–129. 6. Cohen DS, Colliver JA, Marcy MS, Fried ED, Swartz MH. Psychometric properties of a standardized-patient checklist and rating-scale form used to assess interpersonal and communication skills. Acad Med. 1996 Jan;71(1 Suppl):S87–9. 7. Sack S. Drabant B. Perrin E. Communicating about sexuality: an initiative across the core clerkships. Academic Medicine 2002 Nov; 77(11):1159–60, 8. Krahn LE, Bostwick JM, Sutor B, et al: The challenge of empathy: a pilot study of the use of standardized patients to teach introductory psychopathology to medical students. Acad Psychiatry 2002; 26:26–30 9. Bunn W, Terpstra J. Cultivating empathy for the mentally ill using simulated auditory hallucinations. Acad Psychiatry. 2009;33:457–460 10. Galletly C, Burton C. Improving medical student attitudes towards people with schizophrenia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011 Jun;45(6):473–6. 11. Hasle JL1, Anderson DS, Szerlip HM. Analysis of the costs and benefits of using standardized patients to help teach physical diagnosis. Acad Med. 1994 Jul;69(7):567-70. 12. Kolb D: Kolb D Experiential Learning: Experiences as the Source of Learning and Development. 1984 Englewood Cliff, NJ Prentice-Hall. Disclosures None


A bis-BODIPY-based fluorescent probe (BODIPY-NN) is developed for Cu2+ detection in aqueous solutions and living cells. The sensing mechanism is based on the in situ generation of a benzimidazole–triazole receptor induced by Cu2+ ions.


User satisfaction has always been important in the success of software, regardless of whether it is closed and proprietary or open source software (OSS). OSS users are geographically distributed and include technical as well as novice users. However, it is generally believed that if OSS was more usable, its popularity would increase tremendously. Hence, users and their requirements need to be addressed in the priorities of an OSS environment. Online public forums are a major medium of communication for the OSS community. The research model of this work studies the relationship between user requirements in open source software and online public forums. To conduct this research, we used a dataset consisting of 100 open source software projects in different categories. The results show that online forums play a significant role in identifying user requirements and addressing their requests in open source software.


Time-resolved magneto-optical imaging measurements show that an ac current enables the vortex matter in YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films to reorganize into two coexisting steady states of driven vortex motion with different characteristics: a quasi-static disordered glassy state in the sample interior and a dynamic state of plastic motion near the edges. Finiteelement calculations consistent with the critical state model show good agreement with the measured field profiles in the quasi-static state but predict a larger hysteretic behavior in the dynamic state. PACS 74.25.Qt; 74.25.Ha; 74.25.Sv; 74.78.Bz


Plasticity is a feature of phenotypes and genotypes. Genetic variation is reflected in phenotypic plasticity. When conservation protects genomes it protects complexity and with complexity it protects the beauty of life. However, plasticity is not to be considered as a stationary distinction of the genome. Phenotypic and genetic plasticity are interrelated via plasticity of gene regulation by intrinsic networks with non-linear dynamics. In the "evo-devo" (evolution – development) perspective of plasticity epigenetic dynamics must be essential, and thus, plasticity may also be considered to be a process. Closely related to plasticity is diversity and this is of enormous concern in conservation. As a feature of space, ecological niches are shaped by spatiotemporal-functional dynamics of plasticity. Plasticity of plants in growth and development is essential for their occupation of space. There is a dual plasticity, i.e. plasticity of species and plasticity of niches. Conservation of protected areas sustains space as a resource of life. Plasticity may either attenuate or accelerate speciation. In the latter case it is a source of biodiversity. The genotypes but also the epigenetic properties of DNA and histone methylation are products of evolution. With the essential role of diversity in the regulation of ecosystem functions and stability this evidently merges evolutionary and ecological aspects. We need to extend the evo-devo to an evo-devo-eco concept. It underlines the prominent role of conservation for developing ethics of respect of past evolutionary heritage and present ecological treasure. Conservation protects biodiversity as an important natural heritage of the biosphere of which man is a biological part by evolution and an operator by culture, on which man is totally dependent, and which by ethical imperative man must conserve.


Our goal in this paper is to extend counterfactual accounts of scientific explanation to mathematics. Our focus, in particular, is on intra-mathematical explanations: explanations of one mathematical fact in terms of another. We offer a basic counterfactual theory of intra-mathematical explanations, before modelling the explanatory structure of a test case using counterfactual machinery. We finish by considering the application of counterpossibles to mathematical explanation, and explore a second test case along these lines.


Insulin pump therapy has given siblings Ben (9), Emily Mai (7) and Harry (4) Ryan from Co. Tipperary, who are under the care of Dr Stephen O'Riordan and Dr Susan O'Connell, consultant paediatric endocrinologists at Cork University Hospital (CUH) and their specialist diabetes team, a new lease of life and a life free of up to 15 daily insulin injections between them.


CD95 (Fas, APO-1, TNFRSF6) is a widely expressed single-pass transmembrane protein that is implicated in cell death, inflammatory response, proliferation and cell migration. CD95 ligand (CD95L, FasL, TNFSF6), is a potent apoptotic inducer in the membrane form but not when cleaved into soluble CD95L (sCD95L). Here, we aimed at understanding the relation between ligand-receptor multimerization and receptor activation by correlating the kinetics of ligand binding, receptor oligomerization, FADD (FAS-Associated via Death Domain) recruitment and caspase-8 activation inside living cells. Using single molecule localization microscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer imaging we show that the majority of CD95 receptors on the plasma membrane are monomeric at rest. This was confirmed functionally as the wild-type receptor is not blocked by a receptor mutant that cannot bind ligand. Moreover, using time-resolved fluorescence imaging approaches we demonstrated that receptor multimerization follows instantaneously ligand binding, whereas FADD recruitment is delayed. This process can explain the typical delay time seen with caspase-8 activity reporters. Finally, the low activity of sCD95L, which was caused by inefficient FADD recruitment, was not explained by the low avidity for the receptor but by a receptor clustering mechanism that was different from the one induced by the strong apoptosis inducer IZ-sCD95L. Our results reveal that receptor activation is modulated by the capacity of its ligand to trimerize it. Highlights At a density of less than 10 receptors per µm2 CD95 exists as monomer (58%) and dimer (42%) Pre-formed dimers do not contribute to ligand-induced CD95 apoptotic signaling The PLAD of CD95 attenuates overexpression-induced, ligand-independent cell death soluble CD95L can rapidly multimerize CD95 after binding but it is still a poor inducer of apoptosis through inefficient FADD recruitment FADD recruitment kinetics but not ligand binding kinetics correlates with caspase-8 onset of activity


Abstract The identification and validation of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers is a key element of The SIOP Ependymoma II trial, realised through the Biomarkers of Ependymoma in Children and Adolescents study (BIOMECA). BIOMECA aims to identify and validate biomarkers for prediction of outcome whilst enhancing stratification for the next generation of ependymoma trials. We outline our findings from the first 147 consecutive BIOMECA cases (posterior fossa, PF=111; supratentorial, ST=32; spinal, SP=4). We compared various methods for biomarker assessment, across six European laboratories to determine key analysis methods. Methods included: methylation-based classification (EPIC 850K DNA methylation array) (n=141); immunohistochemistry (IHC) for nuclear p65-RELA (n=32), H3K27me3 (n=115), and Tenascin-C (TNC) (n=147); copy number (CN) analysis by FISH, MLPA (1q, CDKN2A) (n=147), and MIP (molecular inversion probe) and DNA methylation array (1q, CDKN2A, 6q, 11q, 13q, 22q) (n=141); analysis of ZFTA- and YAP1-fusions by RT-PCR, sequencing, Nanostring assays and break-apart FISH (n=32). Using DNA methylation-based classification, 91% (n=101/111) of PF cases classified as PF ependymoma group A (PFA) and 69% (n=22/32) of ST cases as ST ependymoma, ZFTA fusion-positive (ZFTA). Most PFAs demonstrated inter-centre agreement for loss of H3K27me3, and were TNC positive, representing surrogate markers for PFA identification. Combinations of p65-RELA IHC, FISH analysis, and RNA-based methods were suitable to identify ZFTA- and YAP1- fused ST ependymomas. Predictive CN alterations were identified by high-resolution, quantitative MIP technology.The integration of histopathology assessment and molecular typing is now critical as the updated 2021 WHO CNS5 classification of ependymomas lists seven molecularly distinct entities. This study highlights the importance of evaluating different methods in a prospective trial cohort. Here, advanced molecular techniques represent powerful tools for the classification of ependymoma entities (DNA methylation array) and for the detection of CN alterations (MIP) and specific fusions, enabling the correct classification and identification of prognostic markers.


A housing, an outlet portion with a needle (110) movable relative to the housing, a container (104) of the housing include agents, outlet portion by moving the outlet portion with respect to the housing the expanded, an automatic injector comprising a deployment mechanism operable configured to emit the agents which have been included through the outlet portion into the container. The injector is configured to store the fluid a volume, discharging the fluid volume in the outlet portion, followed configured to inhale the medicine into the container through the outlet portion including the filling mechanism. Adapter (112), fitted into injector so as to cover the needle, wherein the configured piercing member to pierce the vial, the piercing member provides fluid communication for the needle. Injector and adapter, which vial containing a substance which together with the liquid to form the drug, part of the automatic injector pack with the casing configured to accommodate vials and power injector and adapter, is provided as it is. .FIELD 8


City informal physical-training Group is an important organization for all-people to build up their health and enhance their comprehensive quality. The research has probed into the effort made by City informal physical-training Groups to implement "Essentials of All-people Body-buildings plan",and has put forwand the countermeasures to develop the informal physical Training Groups among all-people body-buildings.


Applicable in arterial mechanics, Bose gases of impenetrable bosons and Bose–Einstein condensates, a variable-coefficient Korteweg–de Vries (vcKdV) equation is investigated in this paper with symbolic computation. Based on the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur system, the Lax pair and auto-Bäcklund transformation are constructed. Furthermore, the nonlinear superposition formula and an infinite number of conservation laws for the vcKdV equation are also derived. Special attention is paid to the analytic one- and two-solitonic solutions with their physical properties and possible applications discussed.


preordained design" (Q, 87). 160 Indiana Theory Review Vol. 15/1 of form, we are now in a position to see one of the reasons for Adorno's preference for Mahler over Strauss. Deviation in both composers' music serves as a denial of the expected, or in Adorno's terms the negation of aesthetic meaning. Only where deviations are realized in the actual artistic material however does the resulting brokenness attain a meaningful negation of musical meaning. Deviation cannot simply exist as effect as it does in Strauss's music and still remain meaningful. "In an authentic artwork," Zuidervaart writes, "the negation of meaning takes shape as a negative quality of the work itself ... ; in a resigned artwork, the negation of meaning is merely replicated .... Everything depends on whether the negation has intrinsic meaning or whether it simply conforms to the status quo. "51 Mahler's music is authentic because deviation appears in the musical material as a negative aesthetic quality of brokenness, a quality that extends even to the realm of form as novel-like ruptures in the temporal flow, while Strauss's music is resigned because deviation is harnessed and reproduced only for its effect, the affirmative aesthetic quality of surprise, without pushing the logic of deviation all the way to artistic form. I would like to conclude by considering briefly more general assets that Adorno, and critical theory in general, might bring to music theory. What immediately strikes one about Alban Berg, for instance, are not so much the many fine, individual analyses that Adorno offers of the composer's works but the juxtaposition of Adorno's older articles with the more recent contributions. Certainly, the older articles, reprinted from Willi Reich's similarly titled, 1937 compilation Alban Berg/ show a skilled practitioner of thematic and formal analysis. If nothing else, these essays should put to rest any lingering doubts about Adorno's analytical skills. Even so, the later essays, if less rigorously analytical, are richer than the earlier ones in almost every way except, 51Zuidervaart, Adorno's Aesthetic Theory, 174. 52Willi Reich, Alban Berg. Mit Bergs eigenen Schriften und Beitragen von Theodor Wiesengrund-Adorno und Ernst Krenek (Vienna, Leipzig, and Zurich: Herbert Reichner


Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of compound loratadine capsule in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.Methods A multi-center randomized single blind controlled trial (by using a random number table generated random sequence and the sequence was concealed by sealed envelopes) was designed. Two hundred and forty outpatients with allergic rhinitis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized to the treatment group =120 with compound loratadine capsule, 1 capsule q 24 h) or the control group =120 with loratadine tablet, 1 tablet q 12 h). All patients were given standard therapy.Results ① At the end of the treatment, in the compound loratadine group, 101 patients completed the study, and 19 patients withdrew. In the loratadine group, 103 patients completed the study, 17 patients withdrew. According to intention-to-treat analysis (ITT), the improvement rates of the treatment and control groups were 89.17% (107/120) and 88.33% (106/120) respectively. No significant difference was seen between the two groups (rank sum test,=- 1.8348 , 0.05). According to per-protocol analysis (PP), the improvement rates of the treatment and control groups were 96.04% (97/101) and 91.26% (94/103) respectively. No significant difference was seen between the two groups (rank sum test,=- 1.625 7 , 0.05). ② Adverse events were slight to moderate.The adverse event rates were 22.5% (27/120) and 21.67% (26/120) in the treatment and control groups respectively. No significant difference was seen between the two groups 2 test, 0.05). Conclusion Compound loratadine capsule is effective and safe for allergic rhinitis.


Different types of examination questions should be used reasonably in order to perfectly reflect the purpose of the test and the cognition level of students.Examination questions may be divided into various categories which have diverse functions according to different test standards.When pediatric test questions of Grade 2000 undergraduate were prepared based on their basic requirements including different functions of exam questions,trying to provide helpful guidance in editing examination questions of other subjects.


The Zhouqu great debris flow caused serious disaster and property losses.In order to meet the requirement of reconstruction and disaster prevention in Zhouqu County,we discussed the causes of the Zhouqu great debris flow,collected rainfall information from the related stations,calculated the peak discharge of the debris flow and flood quantity,and discussed the geological features of the debris flow channel,underlying surface form and other factors that may lead to the debris flow.


fetoprotein, etc., but the results have been disappointing in the staging of apparently early disease. If a sufficiently sensitive technique becomes available, skeletal scintigraphy probably will no longer be required for the staging of early cancer and techniques of detecting skeletal metastases may only be needed for the diagnosis of the symptomatic lesion. It may be that CT scanning will prove to be the best method of achieving this. However, until such a technique becomes available, skeletal scintigraphy would appear to playa most important role in the staging of many types ofcarcinoma. Although there are many problems associated with its use, the majority can be overcome by careful attention to detail, obtaining high quality X-Rays, tomograms and even CT scans of areas where there is an increased uptake of bone seeking isotopes and by the optimum selection of bone seeking isotopes and detecting apparatus.


Issue The design educator can respond to the significant need to enhance critical thinking by creating a studio environment that fosters self–discovery and synthesis of information and places the responsibility of learning upon the students. Goal A studio environment that promotes critical thinking encourages students to explore and analyzes various issues and theories, thereby enhancing of their ability to build a substantiated case for an interior design solution. Application Distinctions between problem solving, decision making, concept development, and critical thinking clarify for the student the various roles of these thinking strategies. A comparison between a traditional interior design studio versus one that fosters critical thinking clarifies for the educator the type of environment necessary to promote this order of thinking. The importance of critical thinking is emphasized, and students are more confident and experiential in their approach to interior design. Students are also better able to articulate their rationale for an interior design solution. Description The major component of critical thinking includes the thorough examination of a problem, resulting in a solution that is supported by education and theory. Differentiating between facts and values, relevant versus irrelevant information, determining the credibility of the source of information and identifying logical fallacies are a few measures one can take to analyze a design problem critically. This analysis evolves into a defense (the justification for an interior design solution). Conclusion Providing a studio environment that enhances critical thinking results in an interactive learning environment. Students actively participate in the learning process, creating in a dynamic educational environment.


I thought that writing . for Word Ways would be sanctuary from the slings and arrows of the cultural cognoscenti about my biases but I was wrong. Dave ivlorice, the Iowan iconoclast, accused me of (for lack of a better term) modernism in the February 1991 Kickshaws. Referring to my "Palindromic History of Civilization" in the November 1990 Word Ways, Mr. Morice stated "His selections were weighted in favor of the 20th century". He then proceeded to emit some pre-20th century palindromes so that symmetry could be restored to recorded time.


The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between service quality and customers' satisfaction and its effect on loyalty with special emphasis of perception and expectation in some selected insurance companies at the Northern district. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 120 customers were contacted to address the research question. After collecting the datathe service quality was measured using four dimensions which were: Access quality, Infrastructure quality, Responsiveness and Competence. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis like mean, standard deviation and gap analysis. Respondents in the selected branches reported low levels of perceived service quality. However, compared to service quality of EIC, Nyala and Awash insurance reported better perceived service quality. In EIC insurance, Competence and Credibility dimensions are related to loyalty dimensions. In Nyala insurance, Responsiveness dimension is related to loyalty dimension. Finally, in Awash insurance, Responsiveness and Courtesy dimensions are related to loyalty dimensions. The selected insurance company managers should recognize the importance of service quality in service delivery and implement appropriate customer oriented strategies. The managers should recognize the importance of services quality and improve ability to address complaints and provide solutions to customers' problems. Moreover, managers should work to improve the service qualities of their respective insurances to be competitive in the market.


1. Device for satinizing and embossing packaging foils, comprising first, second and third rollers (R1, R2 and R3) embossing, said first roller (R1) as the embossing is contacted with a second roller (R2), and with a third roller (R3) for stamping and wrapping foil (9) under pressure passes between the first and second and between the first and third roller embossing for satin-finishing and obtaining the pattern, wherein the first roller (R1) for embossing comprises teeth arranged in a main foil (GR, GR1), and comprises uniformly spaced individual tines (5, 35) and two other rollers (R2, R3) for embossing have a surface structure that differs from the surface structure of the first roller for embossing, wherein in the device, at least one of the two rollers (R2, R3) for embossing a surface structure (A, B, B, G, H, J; Q, R, S, X, Y, Z), with structural elements (11, 13, 15, 16; 17, 18, 19, 21) which are arranged individually or in groups, but not in the form of a basic grid (GR, GR1) of the first embossing roller, each structural element (11, 13, 15, 16; 17, 18, 19, 21) consists of individual teeth (5, 35) or continuous ridges (19, 21), or a combination of these two configurations, with structural elements arranged in a circle, extend in the longitudinal direction, or are located at spiral in the second and / or third roller (R2, R3) for embossing. ! 2. Device for satinizing and embossing packaging foils, comprising first and second rollers (R31, R2) for embossing, the two embossing rollers come into contact with each other, and the packing foil (9) is held under pressure between the first and second embossing roller for satin-finishing and obtaining the pattern, wherein the first roller


An inorganic–organic nanohybrid particle with a two-dimensional chain structure, diphenylsiloxane-silica (Ph2SiO–SiO2), was prepared by sol–gel process using diphenyldiethoxysilane (DPDES) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and a high proton conducting polymer of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) was deposited on the Ph2SiO–SiO2 particles via layer-by-layer assembly. A flexible sheet-like electrolyte was successfully obtained from the resulting PAMPS-deposited particles by pressing. The proton conductivity of the sheet prepared using unmodified Ph2SiO–SiO2 particles was lower than 10−9 S/cm at 80°C. On the other hand, the PAMPS-deposited samples showed proton conductivities ∼7 orders of magnitude higher than those of the sample prepared using unmodified particles, and their conductivity reached about 1 × 10−2 S/cm at 80°C and 80% relative humidity. This is ascribed to the PAMPS layer being concentrated at the particle interfaces, which percolated throughout the monolithic sample.


In view of the limitations of traditional PCA algorithms,this paper proposes an individual subspace and modular feature extraction based method,which is different from traditional PCA algorithms.First,a face subspace is built for every face class,and a modular feature is applied to enhance the local features.During the recognition process,candidate faces are projected to individual subspaces,and the nearest distance classifier is used to classify the samples.In comparison to traditional algorithms,the individual subspace and modular feature extraction based method provides a better description of individual differences as well as noise suppression.Experiments prove that this method improves the recognition rate to some extent and negates the negative influence brought by illumination,expression and poses.


The silicon nitride ceramic piston crown is a critical component for the cooling-free dieselengine. The piston crown material used is GPS-RBSN with rare-earth oxide additives, sintered inthe range of 1800-1960℃, under nitrogen pressure of 0.1~6 MPa, and its bend strength being750 MPa, KIC 7.2 MPa.m1/2, weibull Modulus 12.3. Piston crowns made from this material wereassembled in 6105 cooling-free diesel engines, the diesel engine constructed was rig-tested for morethan 700 hours. The engine was installed in an EQ2060 truck and road-tested for more than1900km in desert and no trouble found.


This paper presents an overview of the literature published on "cognitive biases" and gambling from 1960 till the present day. Typical cognitive biases are an individual's irrational beliefs, cognitive distortions and erroneous perceptions about his or her ability to influence, control or predict the outcome of a chance event; these appear to be important for the maintenance of gambling related behaviour. Overall, the research suggests that cognitive factors are important in developing gambling addiction, but may be less important when gambling becomes habitual or regulated by automatic processes. Regardless of whether the behaviour is explained by reinforcement, needs or cognitive theories, it is still unclear why some individuals gamble more than others.


Fluid motion caused by a convective flow of a radiating gas was studied. Numerical solution for temperature, velocity and flow rate were obtained and graphs are presented for temperature, velocity and flow rate of gas. The results obtained showed that an increase in radiation parameter shows an increase in velocity, the temperature decreases as radiation parameter increases and lastly the flow rate increases as the radiation parameter increases.


The Photoplymer Science and Technology Award No. 051100, the Outstanding Achievement Award 2005, was presented to Roland Rubner (Friedruch-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg) for his outstanding achievement in photopolymer science and technology, "Development of New Advanced Photodefinable Polyimides and Polybenzoxazoles".


ABSTRACT This article used ethnographic methods to examine how Ohio hunters' knowledge, attitudes, and practices affect risk exposure to infectious disease. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hunters from Southeast Ohio, and an online survey was distributed to a random sample of licensed Ohio hunters. Data analyses indicated that Ohio hunters learn about wildlife disease through word-of-mouth, hunting publications, and online sources. They perceived low-to-no risk of exposure to infectious diseases. Although hunters were generally knowledgeable about infectious wildlife diseases, they were more concerned about the impact on wildlife populations than their own health. The results contribute to a better understanding of the role of hunter behavior in response to disease events, the identification of future interventions that would most effectively inform hunters about wildlife diseases, and how to minimize their risk of exposure.


The reasons why Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council, UK, decided to include road safety in its Crime and Disorder Strategy are described. The history and development of road safety policies in the region are outlined. The Crime and Disorder Strategy had three main objectives in its first year (1999/2000): to reduce crime by 6%, antisocial behaviour by 3% and casualties related to road traffic accidents by 3%. The model for achieving these objectives had three main elements: involvement of stakeholder organizations, involvement of the right people, development of an action plan, and monitoring. Examples of the action plan and monitoring activities are presented. The trends associated with the strategy were encouraging. For the covering abstract see ITRD E123493.


Biogas plants are an established and widely used technology in a number of European countries, but their utilization in Croatia is hampered by the state of its agriculture sector. Small farms, often with less than 15 heads of cattle, are common and they are not capable of independently running a biogas plant. For that reason, centralized biogas plants could present a viable option for smaller farms like the ones mostly present in Croatia. The utilization of biogas can have a number of positive effects on the day to day operations of a farm. Biogas plants can reduce the carbon footprint of a farm, help with manure management and additionally, they can provide a source of income to the owner. Since they present a sizeable investment, it is crucial to properly evaluate the feasibility of such investments. The goal of this work is to evaluate and present the impact that the size of the plant, content of manure in the substrate, the transport distance and efficiency have on the economic viability of centralized biogas plants. A case study for Croatia has been created for this purpose. The results will demonstrate the economic viability of larger biogas plants and the high impact transport has on it.


Objectives: Due to the advance in mobile computing technologies, mobile assisted language learning is being developed. In this study, build a mobile education application regarding loanwords for North Korean Refugees. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This study covers the necessity and practical cases of loanword selection and building application contents in advance to forming educational application contents regarding loanwords for North Korean refugees. For this, this study has extracted vocabulary based on the living environments, which refugees will encounter in their processes of adapting to life in South Korea. The vocabularies are presented in different categories, divided by situations and places. Findings: An effective and practical approach to vocabulary teaching is needed for North Korean refugees whose ultimate goal is to settle down in Korean society. It would help them adjust to their Korean lives to link their daily lives closely to loan words that pose a challenge to communication. Presenting loanwords through mobile devices that are relatively more accessible and easier to prepare will be helpful for the refugees to search, understand, and utilize the necessary vocabularies. This kind of information provision makes full use of the expandability of mobile devices, and further enables more diverse and bountiful materials for vocabulary learning. Improvements/Applications: Compiling a list of useful loan words in the future based on this study would serve as a more practical help for North Korean refugees.


Capitalizing on price regulation of health care services in Maryland, this paper investigates if uninsured individuals receive less care, if such a reduction in care is related to income constraints, and how these reductions in care translate into a differential likelihood of readmission or of mortality. Using propensity score matching to address selection effects, uninsured individuals receive about 5% fewer services on an illnessadjusted basis than their insured counterparts. A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition estimates 8.3% fewer services for uninsured individuals. The uninsured are less likely to be readmitted than their insured counterparts and are more likely to die.


This paper deals with power injection on single phase grid connected inverter. The simple method is introduced to understand the concept of grid connected systems. A phase Lock Loop (PLL) method estimates the phase-angle of grid system. The output of PLL is used to defines Iref , and the current of inverter becomes a feedback (IL). Both current are derived to produce PWM using current mode controller method. As long as the grid system on fault condition like voltage distortion, therefore the single-phase inverter that connected into the grid should change the role and keep stabilization. The voltages sag and swell are the possible conditions that occurred on a power system. Voltage Sag is an event where the line voltage decreases from the nominal line-voltage for a short period of time. Voltage swell is the event when the line voltage increase from the nominal line voltage. By using PSIM software, the injection and absorption of power into a grid system is verified during a voltage sag, swell, and normal. The simulation shows voltage grid vg, current inverter iinv, current grid, active power P, reactive power Q. The waveform of the measured parameter is analized to define the role of inverter toward grid. the The result shows performance of the proposed inverter to absorb reactive power during swell, and inject reactive power when sagging.


We point out that the polarization state of radiation from a photonic crystal slab is strongly constrained by the direct non-resonant scattering process. The phase difference between the two linearly-polarized components in the far field can be predicted analytically and is largely independent of the periodic pattern. We verify the prediction with full-field electromagnetic simulations.


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The purpose of this 4-phase exploratory study is to create a human-centered protocol for a new program, CAPABLE-FAMILY, to address older adults with physical disability and dementia and their caregivers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Szanton-Gill Resilience Model, Verbrugge & Jett Disablement, and Life Span Theory of Control are theoretical frameworks guiding this study. Phase 1. Using qualitative research (n = 10 dyads) methods (ex. Photovoice) we seek to understand the context for older adults with dementia regarding disability. Phase 2. Using synthesis/ideation (n = 10 dyads) tools (ex. Journey Maps) we will synthesize the qualitative research during group ideation sessions with stakeholders. Phase 3. Using prototype testing (n = 3 dyads) methods (ex. Semantic Differentials, Storyboards), we will build the most promising prototypes. Phase 4. Using an open-label pilot (n = 3 dyads), we will test the interventions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We will assess disability (ADL, IADL), environmental changes pain, depression, polypharmacy, provider communication needs, and caregiver burden. We will interview the dyads and multiple CAPABLE Registered Nurses (RN), Occupational Therapists (OT), and Handymen (HM) about their prior experiences and perceptions of the pilot. CFQ, MocA, pain (BPI), and ZBI will be measured pre/post RN, OT, HM visit. While there are evidence-based programs to separately address cognitive impairment and physical disability, we anticipate this is the first study to develop a community-based goal-directed, human-centered approach for the maintenance of physical function for persons with dementia in the home. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Persons with more cognitive impairment did not improve as much as those with less cognitive impairment in the original CAPABLE study, an evidenced based program which reduced disability. This suggests the need to adapt CAPABLE to reduce the burden of disability in persons with Alzheimer's dementia. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: None


A systematic dimensional rationale is proposed here to analyse the electrohydro-dynamic equations governing liquid electrospraying phenomena in the well-known steady cone-jet mode with no ambient discharges. As a result, a general, unified description of the complete parametrical space for the emitted current and droplet size is given. Four main distinct subspaces, their relevant boundaries and corresponding scaling laws are identified. Laws already proposed fit in their appropriate region, and previously unknown laws are found. A closed solution for the electric current I when inertia and polarization forces dominate is obtained, in agreement with published experimental results.


Systemic sclerosis (SSc), also known as scleroderma, is a rare autoimmune disease that stiffens the skin, turning simple daily activities into real challenges for patients. It can affect all organs, and while treatments exist, there is currently no cure. The disease is relatively invisible among general practitioners and policymakers in Europe - meaning hundreds of people affected by this rare condition remain undiagnosed and untreated.Federation of European Scleroderma Associations (FESCA) took a two-pronged approach to develop new evidence. June 2022 a Position Paper (PP) based on a literature review and a survey for healthcare providers (HCP) was published, followed by a large-scale patient and carer survey, whose results are expected in June 2023.Highlight the unmet needs of SSc patients throughout the care pathway.Investigate the health and socio-economic burden of the SScProvide evidence to policy stakeholders on the need for policy actions to address health inequalities.For the PP, a total of 15 publications were reviewed. To fill the knowledge gaps identified by the literature review, FESCA developed a survey questionnaire earmarked for Excellence or Reference Centers that work with FESCA member organizations and/or are part of the European Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR). Upon validation by the authors, the survey was completed by 78 respondents from 24 countries. The upcoming survey will be distributed across 20 countries, a min. representative sample of 511 patients and 170 carers will provide new insights.The PP highlighted need for policy action in five action areas to ensure timely treatment initiation for all eligible patients and improved health outcomes and quality of life for people living with SSc, by:1. Creating patient registries for SSc;2. Shortening time to accurate diagnosis through expanded HCPs curricula;3. Ensuring timelier referral of patients to specialized care;4. Improving treatment recommendations and access to appropriate medicines through fast track pathways;5. Delivering better quality information to SSc patients.The survey should provide information on patients' evaluations of physical functioning and overall health as the main factors in the decision-making process and the assessment of a treatment's success, showing the inadequacy of current value attribution and appraisal frameworks. Preliminary results are expected to be published at the EULAR Congress.The outcomes of the work done by FESCA aims at improving the SSc continuum of care from earlier diagnosis to better treatments as well as creating greater awareness of scleroderma so that those who suffer from it can access proper, equitable care. Most importantly, the results of both studies highlight the need for developing person-centred care pathways integrating more systematically quality-of-life considerations in healthcare and treatment decisions as well as in value attribution frameworks that are more responsive to patient needs.[1] Orphanet, Systemic Sclerosis, Disease definition.shorturl.at/CTVY2EURORDIS, Rare 2030 Recommendations from the Rare 2030 Foresight Study.Feb. 2021 shorturl.at/amnoP.[2] Living with systemic sclerosis: the point of view of patients, Current Medical Research and Opinion.Galetti I, 37:sup2, 1-4, 2021.[3] Factors influencing early referral, early diagnosis and management in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.Distler O, Allanore Y, Denton CP, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018;57(5):813-817.[4] Identifying unmet needs in SSc-ILD by semi-qualitative in-depth interviews.Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold et al., Rheumatology, Volume 60, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 5601–5609.[5] How do patients with systemic sclerosis experience currently provided healthcare and how should we measure its quality?Julia Spierings et al for the ARCH Study Group, Rheumatology,Volume 59, Issue 6, June 2020, Pages 1226–1232.[6] Identifying unmet needs in SSc-ILD in 8 European countries.Hoffmann-Vold A-M et al.We thank FESCA members for collecting first hand patient and caregiver answers. We would also like to thank Michael Hugues, Monica Holmer, Oliver Distler., Voon Ong, Rita Schrimer for their counsel in developing the questionnaire. In addition, a big thank you to specialized centers for their support and our sponsors: Janssen Global and Boehringer Ingelheim. Special mention to Weber Shandwick for their support in this project.Ilaria Galetti Grant/research support from: We were supported by Jansen and Boehringer Ingelheim., Sue Farrington Grant/research support from: We were supported by Jansen and Boehringer Ingelheim., Yannick Allanore Grant/research support from: We were supported by Jansen and Boehringer Ingelheim., Marco Matucci-Cerinic Grant/research support from: We were supported by Jansen and Boehringer Ingelheim., Silvia Sandulescu Grant/research support from: We were supported by Jansen and Boehringer Ingelheim., Rita Schriemer Grant/research support from: We were supported by Jansen and Boehringer Ingelheim., Christopher P Denton Grant/research support from: We were supported by Jansen and Boehringer Ingelheim.


Acoustic cloak is a new conceptual device which can control the propagation of sound wave conveniently. Reduced design is necessary and the energy loss is inevitable for practical application. In this paper a kind of the reduced acoustic cloaks with energy loss is discussed base on transformation acoustics. Complex mass density and complex bulk modulus are introduced to analyze the energy loss due to the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the cloak system. The scattering characteristics of the reduced cylindrical acoustic cloak are obtained through analytical study. A thermal-viscous parameter is derived to describe the energy dissipation property of the reduced cloak. The theoretical results can benefit the performance evaluation and the optimization design of the reduced acoustic cloaks.


The First Language Problem refers to the situation we find ourselves in regarding the choice of an introductory programming language. The authors argue that a modern language specifically designed to teach sound fundamental programming principles is needed but that unlike previous efforts at teaching languages, it must eventually embody all of the features of an industrial instrument. The method of achieving a language suitable to the new programmer which nevertheless not merely a toy language is achieve by a novel approach to subsetability. Other specific features needed for such a language are also discussed as well as the novel compilation issues aroused by such a language.