The mechanical strength, ductility, diffusion, corrosion, and electrical properties of materials are profoundly modified by defects (both structural and impurity) about which we need microcharacterization. An x-ray microprobe is the next leap forward in microcharacterization. Undulators on a 6 GeV storage ring will provide for an x-ray microprobe of extraordinary sensitivity.


In this paper, two approaches to produce 99Mo are studied using GEANT4 Monte-Carlo particle simulation software. In the first approach, converter target, bremsstrahlung photons are generated in a high Z target. The emitted photons hit 100Mo, secondary target, producing 99Mo through (γ, n) reaction. In the second approach, direct target, high energy electron beam hits 100Mo target, where both (e, γ) and (γ, n) reactions take place simultaneously. A 30 MeV, 5-10 kW beam power electron linac is under development at Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research (SAMEER). The acceleration gradient required to achieve 30 MeV energy will be provided by two electron linear accelerators operated in series configuration and the high average beam power will be achieved by running the system at high duty operation. Main aim of this study is to optimize experimental parameters in order to maximize specific activity of 99Mo. Since, 100Mo is very expensive material therefore judicious use of the material is very important. Hence, optimization of electron beam energy and target dimensions are studied in detail in both the approaches. It is found that direct approach gives higher specific activity compared to the converter approach. INTRODUCTION 99mTc is a widely used radioactive tracer isotope in nuclear medicine due to its short half-life. The parent radio nuclei of 99mTc, 99Mo, has a half-life of 65.976 hours long enough to facilitate transportation to faraway locations. As of now, the production of 99Mo depends mainly on reactorbased technology using Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) target. But many of the big reactor facilities are either closed down or near their end of operation in coming few years [1]. Figure 1: Comparison of 6 MeV linac experimental data with GEANT4 output. Therefore, a lot of efforts are being made worldwide to produce 99Mo using alternate technologies [2-4]. Use of accelerator is proposed as one of the most effective future ideas for producing 99Mo by means of photo-neutron conversion of 100Mo. In this paper, we will be optimizing electron beam energy and target design to produce 99Mo through 100Mo (γ, n) 99Mo reaction. Before we start with the optimization, we shall validate GEANT4 code which is used to obtain the final results. GEANT4 OUTPUT VALIDATION Validation of GEANT4 photon output is done by comparing it with the experimental data from SAMEER's 6 MeV linac. In the experimental set up, photons coming out of the linac are collimated in a half cone angle of 12° in the forward direction and the dose measurements are done on Radiation Field Analyzer (RFA) placed at 1 m from target location. Target assembly consists of a 6 mm diameter circular pellet of tungsten with 1.5 mm thickness. It is backed by copper of 2.5 mm thickness. The beam diameter measured experimentally using indirect approach is ~3 mm. In GEANT4 simulations, a circular electron beam of 1.5 mm radius and 0.1 mm standard deviation with gaussian profile of 6 MeV energy and 0.5 MeV sigma is made to strike the tungsten target with copper backing, dimensions same as the experimental set up. Normalized dose output from GEANT4 is compared with the RFA data in Fig. 1. The plot shows maximum of 3% difference between experiment and GEANT4 output. The validation of neutron output from GEANT4 is done by comparing standard neutron number data [5]. When an electron beam of 34.3 MeV hits Molybdenum target of 1 radiation length (r.l.), 12x10-4 neutrons per electron (n/e) are generated and neutron number simulated from GEANT4 gives a value of 12.28x10-4 n/e, which is comparable with the published results. BEAM ENERGY OPTIMIZATION When a high energy electron beam hits a high Z material it produces bremsstrahlung photons that can be used to trigger 100Mo (γ, n) 99Mo reaction. An optimum electron beam energy that gives maximum photons under the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) curve for 100Mo (γ, n) 99Mo reaction is determined using flux weighted average cross section (σa) [6]. Using Eq. (1), σa is calculated for various electron beam energies and plotted in Fig. 2. σ = ∑[ ( ) ( )] ∑ ( . ) (1) It is observed that when electron beam energy increases from 15 to 70 MeV, total number of photons and the end _____________________ *Work supported by Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, MeitY †email@example.com ‡firstname.lastname@example.com 12th Int. Particle Acc. Conf. IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-214-1 ISSN: 2673-5490 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB405 MOPAB405 C on te nt fr om th is w or k m ay be us ed un de rt he te rm s of th e C C B Y 3. 0 lic en ce (© 20 21 ). A ny di st ri bu tio n of th is w or k m us tm ai nt ai n at tr ib ut io n to th e au th or (s ), tit le of th e w or k, pu bl is he r, an d D O I 1222 MC8: Applications of Accelerators, Technology Transfer, Industrial Relations and Outreach U01 Medical Applications point energy of bremsstrahlung increases. But the increase in the photons under the peak of GDR curve (12-17 MeV) is not appreciable hence σa decreases after 20-30 MeV. Figure 2: Flux weighted average reaction cross-section (σa) as a function of electron beam energy. Threshold photon energy (Eth) required for 100Mo (γ, 1n) 99Mo reaction is 8.3 MeV and the peak of reaction cross section occur between 12-17 MeV. Whereas, the Eth for (γ, 2n) reaction is between 14-15 MeV. Therefore, the bremsstrahlung photons beyond 15 MeV of energy have some probability of producing 98Mo by (γ, 2n) reaction. After comparing these cross sections, it is found that for 30 MeV electron beam, about 55% of the total number of neutrons are generated from (γ, 1n) whereas the rest of the neutrons are generated from (γ, 2n) reaction, hence not contributing to 99Mo production [7]. Therefore, Activity of 99Mo using neutron data is calculated as Eq. (2). A = 0.55 ×N (2) Where, NMo is the number neutrons coming out of 100Mo. PARAMETERS OF LINAC SYSTEM Electron linac with 15 MeV energy and 80 μA average beam current is successfully tested as a prototype development at SAMEER [8]. The acceleration gradient required to achieve 30 MeV energy can be provided by two linacs operated in series configuration. The main parameters of the system are given in Table 1. Table 1: Linac Parameters Parameters, Unit Value


The purpose of this effort is to transfer operating and maintenance responsibility for the 241-SY-101 data acquisition and control system (DACS-1) from Los Alamos National Laboratory to Westinghouse Hanford Company. This work plan defines the tasks required for a successful turnover. It identifies DACS-1 transition, deliverables, responsible organizations and individuals, interfaces, cost, and schedule. The transition plan will discuss all required hardware, software, documentation, maintenance, operations, and training for use at Hanford Waste Tank 241-SY-101. The transfer of responsibilities for DACS-1 to WHC is contingent on final approval of applicable Acceptance for Beneficial Use documentation by Waste Tank Operations. The DACS-1 was designed to provide data monitoring, display, and storage for Tank 241-SY-101. The DACS-1 also provides alarm and control of all the hydrogen mitigation testing systems, as well as ancillary systems and equipment (HVAC, UPS, etc.) required to achieve safe and reliable operation of the testing systems in the tank.


There's a new front in the battle over school bathrooms and locker rooms. Biological fact is an objective reality that does not change according to our labels or subjective wishes. There is no doubt that persons suffering from gender dysphoria deserve respect and support as they work through their struggles. But that respect and the love owed to such persons by virtue of their human dignity does not require us to deny objective truth. Rather, our respect for others demands that we speak the truth, in love, even when it is uncomfortable.


This paper focuses on the investigation of implied meanings behind structuresgoverning friendly conversation. The friendly conversation becoming the data isthe one participated by university colleagues taking place in a diningrestaurant. The data are taken in form of spoken discourse which thentranscribed into written form of discourse. To reveal the structures of thefriendly conversation, the writer applies Francis and Hunston's model. Thestructures found then further investigated using the analysison implicatures. Ofthe 21 structures found in the data, the implied meanings discussed are dividedinto four different perspectives: implications behind the highest occurrences ofstructures, natures of friendly conversation, power, and solidarity.From theresearch, it can be concluded that the conversation being studied is done indynamic pace with good engagements among participants. The participants aregiven equal power to be initiators of the exchanges which show their intimacy toeach other. The unequal power distribution is found in the exchanges betweenparticipants and the workers of the restaurant where the conversation tookplace.


When conventional field-effect transistors with short channel length suffer from non-saturated output characteristics, this work proposed a vertical channel transistor to operate like a solid-state vacuum tube and exhibit good saturated curves. We utilized deep ultra-violet interference lithography to produce ordered grid-like metal to control the potential profile in vertical channel. We compared experimental and simulated characteristics to investigate the keys to achieve saturation. Finally, with an optimized design, a vertical organic transistor is used to drive a solution-processed white-light organic light-emitting diode to perform a luminescence control (0–260 cd/m2) with a 3.3-V base potential swing.


Oscillators with a Duffing-type restoring force and quadratic damping are dealt with in this paper. Four characteristic cases of this restoring force are analysed: hardening, softening, bistable and a pure cubic one. Their energy-displacement relationships are considered, and the corresponding closed-form exact solutions are obtained in terms of the incomplete Gamma function, which represent new results. Such results provide insight into damped dynamics of the class of system, including finding the phase trajectories as well as the comparison between these cases from the viewpoint of the energy loss per cycle.


Copper-contained products that are widely employed yearly in viticulture for vine disease management, lead to Cu accumulation in topsoil creating an increased risk for land workers and for leaching and/or uptake of Cu by plants, especially in acidic soils where Cu mobility is higher. In this study, the impact of two biochar types on Cu distribution and redistribution in fractions was evaluated in four acidic vineyard soils in relation to incubation time. The two biochars were derived from sewage sludge (SG) and olive tree prunings (OL). Soils (control) and biochar-amended soils with application rate of 20 % (w/w) were spiked with CuCl2 (160 mg kg−1) and incubated in the laboratory at ambient temperature 22 ± 5 °C. After 1, 3, 7, 15, 36, and 90 days of incubation, modified BCR sequential extraction procedure was used to determine Cu distribution in the four soil chemical phases and to examine potential Cu redistribution between these fractions both in soils and in amended soils with biochars. Results show that biochar amendment affects Cu distribution in different soil fractions. In SG treatment, from the 1st and up to 36th incubation day, both exchangeable and reducible Cu fractions decreased, while oxidizable Cu increased, in relation to control soils. At 90th incubation day, a redistribution of Cu was observed, mainly from the oxidizable to the residual fraction. In OL treatment, during the first 36 incubation days exchangeable and oxidizable Cu slightly increased, while reducible Cu decreased. At the 90th incubation day the higher percentage of Cu was extracted from the residual fraction, but exchangeable Cu was present in remarkable quantities in the three of the four studies soils. SG application in the studied soils highly restricted the availability of added Cu promoting Cu-stable forms thus reducing the environmental risk while OL did not substantially reduce Cu available fraction over the experimental incubation period. Fourier transformation infrared analysis (FTIR) provided convincing explanations for the different behavior of the two biochar types.


Background: Among various nail disorders encountered in dermatology outpatient department, nail psoriasis is not uncommon. Around 80%–90% of patients with psoriasis present with nail involvement at some point in their life. In 1%–5% of patients, alterations compatible with nail psoriasis may also occur in the absence of cutaneous lesions. There is limited literature on nail psoriasis especially in Indian patients. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate clinical, histopathological, and dermoscopic features in nail psoriasis and its impact on quality of life. Materials and Methods: All clinically suspected cases of nail psoriasis were included in the study. Clinical parameters and dermoscopic findings were observed and noted. Nail biopsy was performed to confirm the findings. Impact on quality of life was evaluated by correlating Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) score and nail psoriasis quality of life scale (NPQ10) score. Results: Of 50 patients with clinically suspected nail psoriasis, skin involvement was seen in 45 (90%), and 5 (10%) had only nail involvement. The mean NAPSI score was 34.34 in our study. The most common clinical nail finding was pitting (38 [76%]) followed by onycholysis (31 [62%]). The most common dermoscopic finding was pitting (39 [76%]) followed by onycholysis (32 [64%]). Histopathologically, the most common finding was parakeratosis (41 [82%]) followed by focal hypergranulosis (40 [80%]). The majority of the patients (21 [42%]) had NPQ10 (modified) score between 10 and 20, and moderate positive correlation between NAPSI score and NPQ10 scale score was observed. Limitations: Small sample size and no control group. Conclusion: Nail psoriasis does impact the quality of life of patients especially in females who feel embarrassed in social gatherings and workplace. Nail biopsy, though painful and difficult to perform, is the most efficient method to diagnose nail psoriasis.


The paper presents an analysis of a novel multilevel inverter that can be used in the power modules of motion control systems for soft starting and speed control of high power medium voltage synchronous and induction motors. The inverter is constructed from hybrid cascaded H-bridge cells. The advantages of the proposed inverter upon standard topologies are significant reduction of electrical components and as a result, smaller size and weight. The proposed approach can be extended to any desired number of voltage levels. Extensive simulation results validate the practicability of the proposed inverter. Several aspects, such as Total Harmonic Distortion Factor of the inverter output currents and voltages, harmonic content, and frequency spectrum distribution are studied.


This article presents the results of research on the indicators of the movement of vehicles on the way to the city of Tashkent. Conclusions are presented on the following indicators: intensity, composition of traffic, speed and density of traffic, road capacity, and load level.


Read-Modify-Write (RMW) instructions are widely used as the building blocks of a variety of higher level synchronization constructs, including locks, barriers, and lock-free data structures. Unfortunately, they are expensive in architectures such as x86 and SPARC which enforce (variants of) Total-Store-Order (TSO). A key reason is that RMWs in these architectures are ordered like a memory barrier, incurring the cost of a write-buffer drain in the critical path. Such strong ordering semantics are dictated by the requirements of the strict atomicity definition (type-1) that existing TSO RMWs use. Programmers often do not need such strong semantics. Besides, weakening the atomicity definition of TSO RMWs, would also weaken their ordering -- thereby leading to more efficient hardware implementations. In this paper we argue for TSO RMWs to use weaker atomicity definitions -- we consider two weaker definitions: type-2 and type-3, with different relaxed ordering differences. We formally specify how such weaker RMWs would be ordered, and show that type-2 RMWs, in particular, can seamlessly replace existing type-1 RMWs in common synchronization idioms -- except in situations where a type-1 RMW is used as a memory barrier. Recent work has shown that the new C/C++11 concurrency model can be realized by generating conventional (type-1) RMWs for C/C++11 SC-atomic-writes and/or SC-atomic-reads. We formally prove that this is equally valid using the proposed type-2 RMWs; type-3 RMWs, on the other hand, could be used for SC-atomic-reads (and optionally SC-atomic-writes). We further propose efficient microarchitectural implementations for type-2 (type-3) RMWs -- simulation results show that our implementation reduces the cost of an RMW by up to 58.9% (64.3%), which translates into an overall performance improvement of up to 9.0% (9.2%) on a set of parallel programs, including those from the SPLASH-2, PARSEC, and STAMP benchmarks.


This article builds on one published in the Journal of Holistic Nursing (1988) which reviewed all research on Therapeutic Touch completed to that time. The author, considering research completed since then, identifies, discusses and prioritizes three related directions for future Therapeutic Touch research : outcome studies, theory development studies and replications studies. The article then looks at methodological issues which should be considered by anyone planning Therapeutic Touch studies: treatment personnel, length of treatment and research design.


Purpose: Food poverty (lack of access to an adequate quantity and quality of nutritionally satisfactory food) is becoming recognised as a public health emergency. No research study in Northern Ireland (NI) has considered food purchasing habits with social exclusion. Amidst calls for the routine collection and analysis of data to determine the extent of food poverty, this study investigates the existence and experience of food poverty in a local authority area, seeking to determine the affordability, accessibility and nutritional adequacy of food, and the social impacts of food poverty. Additionally, data were analysed to understand the possibility of categorising respondents by their reported affordability of various products/services. Methods: A household questionnaire was administered within a region of NI measuring the affordability and accessibility of food, and the social impacts of food poverty. Completed surveys (N=362) were analysed (SPSS and MPlus). Additionally, Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used as a person-centred approach to identify a possible number of distinct groups within the sample data.Results/findings: Findings indicated that food affordability and accessibility proved important points of concern. Two in five (41%) respondents reported being unable to always comfortably feed themselves and their families three meals per day, and three in ten (31%) reported being forced to make a choice between food and other essentials. More than half (54%) reported some anxiety about whether their budget would fulfil their food needs. Almost half (46%) reported concern about the food they eat: 56% were wary that their diets were not healthy; 20% worried about poor diet quality; and 16% lamented the lack of variety. An important minority (13% – 40%) cited their inability to afford social activities that peers may take for granted. LCA analysed seven measures of affordability compared against a distal outcome of missing meals. A three-class solution was reported: Afforders (least likely to miss a meal) (58.38%); Budgeters (25.14%); and Non-Afforders (more likely to miss a meal) (16.48%). Conclusions: Policy makers and practitioners should consider these perspectives in devising evidence-informed and meaningfully-targeted interventions, while efforts must be ongoing to address the structural causes of food poverty for a truly sustainable solution.


After independence, efforts to reconstruct the history of ancient Malaysia recorded by colonial scholars have been made. However, there are still poor explanations. Therefore, the following studies are the study of the history of the Malay community in a new interpretation. The methods used in this study are phenomenological. With this method it was found that the process of independence of Malaya in 1957 did not take place in the short run by the British and its elite, but it took a long time and made little sacrifice. It started in the form of awareness by scholars of Malay nationalism itself which unfortunately has been forgotten or closed their role by chroniclers.


The stability and kinetics of unfolding and refolding of the P167T mutant of the TEM‐1 β‐lactamase have been investigated as a function of guanidine hydrochloride concentration. The activity of the mutant enzyme was not significantly modified, which strongly suggests that the Glu166–Thr167 peptide bond, like the Glu166–Pro167, is cis. The mutation, however, led to a significant decrease in the stability of the native state relative to both the thermodynamically stable intermediate and the fully unfolded state of the protein. In contrast to the two slower phases seen in the refolding of the wild‐type enzyme, only one phase was detected in the refolding of the mutant, indicating a determining role of proline 167 in the kinetics of folding of the wild‐type enzyme. The former phases are replaced by rapid refolding when the enzyme is unfolded for short periods of time, but the latter is independent of the time of unfolding. The monophasic refolding reaction of the mutant is proposed to reflect mainly the trans→cis isomerization of the Glu166–Thr167 peptide bond. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The internationally accepted geological solution, in High Level Nuclear Waste Disposal Programmes, consists of their definitive storage within rock formations. To assure the isolation of those wastes, the potential pathways for water flow through the fracture system of rock-massif candidate repositories must be characterized. This paper is focused on the knowledge of the in-situ potential water paths -microfractographic network- through the intact rock at the mm/cm scale, at a depth of several hundred meters, similar to repository conditions. The rock cores from those depths, when studied on surface, have been affected by an important stress relief that changes the original geometry of its microfractography and original water flow capacity, but also induces new stress-relief cracks. Consequently, all the instrumental and microscopical procedures applied for characterizing the in-situ microfractographic network, produce unrealistic results. In this paper, the ability of AE/MS and other techniques for monitoring the stress relaxation of cores after removal from deep boreholes is reviewed.


Nowadays,the development of multipolar current is labyrinthine,economic globalization is constantly embedded,the advanced science is changing quickly,resource of persons with ability has becoming the most important strategic resource and it has become more and more decisive in the competition of integrative national power In the face of challenge,high schools must search the idealistic political work's methods and approaches in the new position Idealistic political work plays an irreplaceable role in the broadening of undergraduates' diathesis,it offers intents,directions and methods to undergraduates' intellective education,the broadening of undergraduates' diathesis also needs the direction of idealistic political work,the two sides supplement each other Idealistic political task via methods of reformation find the linking point fostering undergraduates' intellective diathesis and then work its function


To solve the problems of based-on-peer reputation system in P2P network, this paper designed a double-deck reputation model, called based on group reputation system in P2P network. With the thought of birds of a feather flock together, by calculating a node's reputation of another node in the same group, a node's reputation of another node in different groups, and a group's reputation of another group, the system fulfilled the implementation of P2P network's well self-management. The system used different calculation methods to meet different networks' various requirements. By the experiments, the system was proved to be feasible and efficient. Furthermore, analyzed the applicable capacity of the system.


The science of risk assessment, and its use in environmental decision-making, has evolved enormously in recent years. This book brings together the expertise of more than 50 authorities from 15 different fields to produce a reference that will be invaluable to students and practitioners alike for many years to come. The book focuses on chemical hazards with the stated purpose of providing the scientific community with an up-to-date single source of information about how to conduct human and ecological risk assessments. Both theory and practice are covered in considerable detail, as suggested by the title, with numerous case studies used to illustrate how risk assessment techniques have been used to make risk management decisions in practice. Whilst the content is applicable to all those involved in risk assessment generally, it is heavily biased towards work undertaken in the United States. Practitioners and students working outside the United States should consult relevant local publications to ensure that national differences in risk philosophy, and its practical application, are not overlooked. The book is divided into 14 sections which is of great value as the tome exceeds 1500 pages in length. The first two sections cover human health and ecological risk assessment theory, albeit in very different levels of detail. The next seven sections provide case studies pertaining to human exposure to chemical and radiological hazards. Subsequent sections include case studies in ecological risk assessment; assessing risks to birds; the role of life-cycle analysis and risk communication. The concluding section takes a forward look, encompassing child health, cost-benefit analysis and the role of the precautionary principle in environmental regulation.


This chapter focuses on the Moroccan crisis of 1905–6, which was the first in a series of early twentieth-century confrontations that are generally considered to have led to World War I. The chapter interprets this crisis in the context of an incomplete information game model, the Tripartite Crisis Game, and one of its proper subgames, the Defender–Protégé subgame. British support of France during the 1906 Algeciras Conference, which ended the crisis, the firm stand that France took at the conference, and the German decision to press for a conference, are explained in terms of the model's principal variables. In addition, the chapter discusses the Entente Cordiale and the "deterrence vs. restraint dilemma" associated with it, and similar strategic relationships. While the analysis is not necessarily at odds with the conclusions of some historians, it is more powerful because it is explicit about the causal mechanisms at work.


Summary The data presented show that A. niger growing near to or in contact with certain yeast colonies on whey agar slopes or plates resulted in the yeast colonies showing an intense yellow instead of the usual white color. This condition occurred with a number of different yeasts common in dairy products, but not with all of those studied. The mechanism of this color production was not worked out, but it is probably rather complex since neither organism growing in contact with killed cultures of the other produced the yellow color. The species of Aspergillus other than A. niger which were tried did not yield a yellow color when grown with yeasts that did give a yellow color with A. niger. It seems that the associative action of yeasts and A. niger may be responsible for the yellow color occasionally observed with such products as cheese.


'l'he kidney serves the organism as an excretory organ. In this function, it excretes protein and protein metabolites. The organ also has metabolic requireIliehits of its own, in which protein plays an important role. Following unilateral nephrectomy, the remaining kidney increases in mass, A(Idis ahi(l Lew ( 1940) , as shown miFig. 1 . This enlargement is proportional in ploteibi, fat, and water'. The absolute content of DNAt of the whole kidney and t)f the avei'age nucleus remains unchanged. Therefore, the ('hanges observed l'epresehit hypertrophy without significant increase in cell number. Studies which we carried out with I)r. Ana Carrera (to be published) show that. the changes observed are esselitially limited to the renal cortex. The curves to be shown \�0illd, therefore, be more dramatic if they had been drawn for the cortex alone. Note that the hypertrophy is maximal in rate during the third and fourth * �


: [ Objective ] Research and analyze the policy for establishing specification of Institutional Repository and Research Data Repository; explore related rights and obligations for recommending the data repository to librarians. [ Methods ] Summarize and refine policy elements through the literature review and Internet research. [ Results ] The results include rights and obligations of managers (establishing audit mechanism, making data identification standards, issuing regulations of spreading and using), rights of submitters (free storage, update metadata, set the embargo) and its obligations (ensuring reliable data source, abiding by the policy of data repository, avoiding the intellectual property rights disputes), rights and obligations of users (free of charge, follow the reference rules). [ Limitations ] Lack the policy research on Special Research Data Repository, thus the future study can establish a complete policy framework. [ Conclusions ] Establishing a complete policy of Research Data Repository, which can balance the interests of all parties and then promote the research data sharing.


Diabetes is not new to the medical world. It has been known since antiquity, almost from 1500 BC. According to Charaka (2nd century B.C.) it is called PRAMEHA, i.e. the causative significance of heredity, obesity and lack of physical activity; clinical features such as thirst and dryness of mouth; peculiar odour; burning sensation or lack of sensation in the hands and feet; and onset of boils.The present study is a step towards the controlling of this disease by using the leaves of Melia azedarach. The ethanolic extract of leaves of Melia azedarach in alloxan induced diabetic rat shows marked decrease in the blood glucose level in the two different doses of 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg for 21 days and the effect was compared with diabetic control. The effect of extract also shows significant reduction in blood glucose level in glucose tolerance test.


A new species of Gongylosoma is described from Pulau Tioman, a small island 38 km off the southeast coast of Pahang, West Malaysia, in the South China Sea. This species differs from all other Gongylosoma in having a single, enlarged, posterior temporal; chinshields of equal size; and a thin nuchal band that contacts a vestigial vertebral stripe. The new species forms a clade with G. nicobariense from the Nicobar Islands and G. longicauda from Borneo, Java, and Sumatra and is the sister species of the latter.


The restoration of coronary blood flow, successfully carried out, reduces the clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease and can return to their previous occupation. However, the proportion of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting is recognized disabled. The purpose of the research a comparative analysis of clinical and demographic characteristics of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting among the disabled. The results indicate that the disability before the surgery was due to the worse condition of the left ventricle (higher proportion of patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and aneurysm of the left ventricle) compared with patients who did not have disability prior to surgery. There are differences between the groups in frequency of postinfarction cardiosclerosis (70,8 % and 80 %, p = 0, 0001) and the proportion of patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50 % (15,5 % and 19,9 %, p = 0,007). Statistically significant differences between groups were found in the kind of work. Among patients who had identified a group of disability before coronary artery bypass surgery, the proportion of people engaged in physical labor, significantly higher than in group disability after CABG (p = 0,003) and in the group without a disability (p = 0,001). Study of disability of patients after coronary artery bypass surgery is a necessary step for further in-depth research.


The results from three kinetic models of complex plasmas taking into account collisions with neutrals are compared in the low-frequency regime: The "full" model which considers the absorption of pl ...


After several decades of intense research in the field of nanostructures, nanoparticles are widely implemented for functionalization on surfaces, into volumes and as nanohybrids, with application in active nanoparticle-polymercomposites and as nanoparticle-bioconjugates. But nowadays only a limited variety of materials can be integrated into advanced functional products due to limitations of gas phase and chemical synthesis methods such as particle sintering or impurity. As alternative synthesis route, laser ablation and nanoparticle generation in liquids has proven its scalability and capability to generate totally ligand-free colloidal nanoparticle building blocks. This contribution highlights how the unique properties of laser-generated nanoparticles can be harvested in prospective real-world applications rapidly via "nanointegration" into the fields of biomedicine and catalysis. Furthermore, it addresses how laser parameters, chemical environment and reactor design may be tuned in order to obtain monodisperse nanoparticles and to enhance the productivity of the laser process.


Aiming at a ternary quantum logic circuit, four symmetric ternary quantum homomorphic encryption schemes, based on ternary quantum one-time protocol, were presented. First, for a one-qutrit rotation gate, a homomorphic quantum encryption scheme was constructed. Second, in view of the synthesis of a general 3 3 unitary transformation, another one-qutrit quantum homomorphic encryption scheme was proposed. Third, according to the one-qutrit scheme, the two-qutrit quantum homomorphic encryption scheme about GCX(m')gate was constructed and was further generalized to the n-qutrit unitary matrix case. Finally, the security of these schemes was analyzed from two perspectives. It could be concluded that the attacker can correctly guess the encryption key with a maximum probability pk = 1 3 3n , thus it can better protect the privacy of users data. Moreover these schemes can be well integrated into future quantum remote server architecture, and the computational security of the users private quantum information can be well solved in a distributed computing environment.


Water markets have a potential for providing flexible and efficient mechanisms for allocating water among alternative uses. In order for markets to emerge It is necessary for private rights be defined and enforced. But establishing appropriate water rights is complicated by several practical realities.


There is empirical evidence supporting the claim that almost all cubic non-Hamiltonian graphs are bridge graphs. In this paper, we pose a related conjecture and prove that the original claim holds for non-3-connected graphs if the conjecture is true.


This communication addresses the problem of the automatic mosaicking of raw images acquired by airborne pushbroom imagers. Using appropriate ancillary data issued from GPS and inertial measurements, we show how the mutual information criterion can be used to improve the co-registration and direct georeferencing of overlapping flight lines by estimating unknown or inaccurate elevation data. The proposed approach does not require any control point to work, and requires only few iterations to improve the initial pose. The mosaicking task itself is performed in a very simple manner. We describe the proposed system, and assess the robustness of our method with an example of application to the mosaicking of multi-track real multispectral image data.


The experience of lectured as well as practical studies including traditional and innovation techniques of education has been summarized. It has been applied to students of various university departments of science and social-humanitarian ones. It is known that nowadays there is a reverse flow between the old and new methods of education in teaching process. It is believed that there is a need of non-traditional methods incorporation for reaching the goal to get knowledge which are fresh ones. A lot of techniques are advised to overcome this very problem during the process itself and one of them is computer technologies. The life shows that while studying philosophy it is highly important to give a helping hand to students in perception of need to get knowledge. For this reason we have to organize the facilities for self-realization of a person of every student. Also we have to develop a need to be free in creativity as well as in searching activities. When mixing various techniques such as traditional and innovation ones during the teaching process they let you to adapt studying to personal peculiarities of students as well as points out some of main streams in applying contemporary educational technigues.


Protein crystallization is an ideal theoretical model for studying nucleation and growth of crystals due to features like slow kinetics. In the research field of crystal nucleation, there are several important theories describing the nucleation process. Among the theoreis, nucleation from dense liquid droplets after a process called liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is widely accepted. According to this theory, the number and distribution of the phase separated droplets can determine the number, size and distribution of the final crystals in the solution. Here in this report, we will present our effort to obtain a single, suspended crystal in the crystallization solution through manipulation of the phase separated droplets. It is known that gradient magnetic field can exert magnetic force on the objects in the field so that gradient magnetic field can be fully utilized in protein crystallization [1-3]. By using a large gradient magnetic field we can merge the phase separated droplets in the solution non-contactly. The merged dense liquid droplet will be the location of protein crystallization and a single suspended crystal can be thus obtained. Figure 1 shows an example of suspened lysozyme crystal grown in a superconducting magnet. The results show that crystallization can be controlled via manipulation of the phase-separated droplets. Further, this study can also provide a strong support for the two-step nucleation theory.


Treating heart attacks and agents affecting risk factors for heart disease were among the hot topics explored at the American Heart Association's 2006 annual meeting held recently in Chicago. Also, a program on increasing adherence to pharmacotherapy among the elderly was of interest to attendees.


Co-parents – individuals with dual parenting roles – are a growing group that early years practitioners need to be mindful of


Instead of conjugated dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (DBTSO), we have introduced nonconjugated diphenylsulfone (DPSO) as the electron-deficient unit into the main chain of poly(spirobifluorene)s (PSFs). Because of the weaker electron affinity of DPSO relative to DBTSO, the charge transfer from the pendant 2,3,6,7-tetraoctyloxyfluorene to the main chain can be effectively prevented. Consequently, the resultant polymers containing DPSO moiety show pure blue emissions, which is different from DBTSO-based PSFs that exhibit undesired green emissions. With a single-layer device configuration, a peak luminous efficiency of 2.90 cd/A and a maximum luminescence of 14130 cd/m2 have been realized for the polymer PSFDPSO03. The corresponding CIE coordinates are (0.17, 0.18), nearly independent of the applied current density from 2 to 592 mA/cm2. These results indicate that tuning the electron affinity of the incorporated electron-deficient units is a very promising strategy to control the charge transfer strength for t...


A conceptually new strategy has been described for the mild, practical, and environmentally friendly preparation of naphthols and furans using a visible-light promoted photoredox neutral approach. These reactions between accessible electron-deficient bromides and commercially available alkynes could be carried out at room temperature in good-to-excellent chemical yields without any external stoichiometric oxidants.


This paper describes an ongoing Air Force sponsored project at The MITRE Corporation to develop provably effective security (access) controls for computer systems. Because of the stringent requirements imposed by the need for algorithmic security control, an innovative software engineering technique was developed for the design and implementation of the security kernel, the software portion of the controls. This paper touches briefly on these controls and then describes in some detail the components of the software engineering technique and the methodology for proving the correctness of the system. An example, taken from the security kernel for a PDP-11/45 based system, is used to demonstrate the components and techniques used.


Foreign language learning anxiety has been a heated topic in academia in recent years which explores the relationship between foreign language learning anxiety and test scores. Most researchers use Horwitz's FLCAS foreign language classroom anxiety scale to research selected students and then analyze the data to draw conclusions. However, although there are many previous studies in terms of foreign language anxiety, there are still few studies on foreign language learning anxiety among Chinese college students, and most researchers focus on middle and high school students and ignore college students' foreign language learning anxiety. In view of this, this literature review draws on the previous research experience and is based on the relevant theories of foreign language learning anxiety, focusing on the correlation between foreign language learning anxiety and college students' foreign language learning performance. Therefore, this study will provide some implications and solutions for Chinese college students to reduce their foreign language anxiety.


The legal knowledge of Brazilian elites represented in the text by "Medallion" of Machado de Assis - is a symbolic capital that (re) produces a social organization that creates privileged positions of power for some and controls and rather invisible others, imposing power by know. Thus, the legal education always turned to the "sacredness" of concepts and institutes, involving the removal of an emancipatory understanding of legal phenomenon, approached in aseptic and dogmatic form, separating the "start" right science at the "uninitiated". In this sense, this research - carried from the phenomenological method - aims to discuss, from the desecration idea coined by the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben, the possibility of a "new use" of legal education, able to subvert, the path of resistance and waratiana carnivalization, the traditional model of sacredness, breaking the nexus historically established between knowledge and power


RNA interference,mediated by small interfering RNA,is a fast developed post-transcriptional gene silencing method in resent years,which has been extensively used in the fields of gene function research.To identify wether siRNA was expressed in BHK-21 cells after interference vector targeting Foot-and-mouth disease(FMDV) was transfected,Poly A polymerase was used to add poly-A tails to the 3′ end of siRNA,then reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR) technique was and introduced to detect siRNA expression,the product was subcloned into T Vector and sequenced.Experiment results showed that this method is a fast and facile tool to detect siRNA and study siRNA interfering mechanisms in FMDV replication and assessment of transgenic animal cells anti-FMDV.


In this study, the effect of differentiation through interest-based literature circles on reluctant readers was investigated. Four struggling fourth graders, two boys and two girls, were studied. Students were given a choice of books and upon selection were grouped with 4 or 5 students of similar interests. Students decided on daily reading assignments and selected literature circle roles. Literature circles met daily. Teacher observations, audio recordings, student surveys and self-assessments, and parent surveys were used to collect data. The reluctant readers showed increased levels of participation, improved comprehension and word decoding, and elevated levels of confidence. They emerged as leaders and began reading independently. The flexible grouping, self-selection of reading material, and daily participation in book discussions drastically changed their attitudes toward reading and enabled them to acquire crucial reading skills. Document Type Thesis Degree Name MS in Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education This thesis is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/mathcs_etd_masters/34 Interest Group Reading 1 Running Head: INTEREST GROUP READING In What Ways Does Differentiating Reading Instruction By Interest, Through the Use of Literature Circles, Affect My Reluctant Readers? Stefana Monachino Graduate Studies in Math, Science, and Technology St. John Fisher College Interest Group Reading 2


With regard to the high precise flight simulator, the precision is influenced by many factors, such as inertia coupling when three frameworks rotating at the same time and imbalanced torque due to load dimension and not superposition between barycenter and the center of rotating. These two problems were analyzed profoundly and penetratingly, and function formulations were established which reflect the relations both between moment of inertia and angles, and partial load moment and angles. The simulation and calculation demonstrate that the outer framework's moment of inertia and the inner framework's partial load moment are interfered by coupling significantly. Then, compensation methods of control system were proposed which provided instructive reference about the designing of the control system.


The problem about controller design for stochastic nonlinear switched systems with delay is considered. Stochastic switched nonlinear system is a kind of nonlinear system which integrates switching and nonlinear fuzzy characteristics and can fully reflect stochastic factors. First, the mathematical model of stochastic nonlinear switched systems with time delay and disturbance is given. Second, the corresponding controller is designed for the proposed model. Then, we use the multi-Lyapunov method to establish the closed-loop system on the basis of our designed controller, and give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the system. The switching law is designed to ensure the stability of subsystems activated by switching time. Finally, through the simulation software, we can see that the stability condition we obtained can make the studied system stable.


Citation BABAR Collaboration et al. " Measurement of the branching fraction and Lambda[over-bar] polarization in B->Lambda[over-bar]p pi[superscript-]. Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.


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This chapter starts with a brief summary of the use of bonded joints in marine engineering and the standards that may apply. Some recommendations for design of bonded joints follow. Since theoretical modelling shows some promise for bonded joints thus designed, this chapter focuses on failure prediction by use of theoretical models of such joints and discusses other bonded joint configurations only briefly. The effects of environmental exposure are briefly discussed. Predictions by a range of theoretical models are compared with experimental results for bonded joints leading to recommendations for failure prediction which allow reliable use of failure prediction in the design of a defined range of bonded joint configurations.


The neutrino mixing parameters are thoroughly studied using renormalization-group evolution of Dirac neutrinos with recently proposed parametrization of the neutrino mixing angles referred as `high-scale mixing relations'. The correlations among all neutrino mixing and $CP$ violating observables are investigated. The predictions for the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{23}$ are precise, and could be easily tested by ongoing and future experiments. We observe that the high scale mixing unification hypothesis is incompatible with Dirac neutrinos due to updated experimental data.


Objective;To investigate the expression of human [alpha] (1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene(hHT) on pig iliac endothelial cells(PIECSs) and its implication.Methods;The hHT expressing vectors pRc-HT were transferred into PIECSs by lipofectinmine mediated.Stable transfecsion were selected using G418(500 mg/L).The expression of hHT gene was evaluated by flow cytometry.PIECSs were incubated with human serum to assess the protective effect of hHT.Results;The positive expression rate of H antigen of the transfected cells and controls were 40.17% and 13.80% and the fluorescence intensity were 143.66 and 32.39 respectively.The expression of α-Gal antigen of transfected cells was reduced significantly.Transfected cells were more resistant to lysis than controls at all concentrations of serum.Conclusion;Expression of hHT gene resulted in a dramatic decrease in the expression of the α-Gal antigen on PIECSs,and high-level expression of hHT was effective in prolonging survival of xenograft and overcoming hyperacute rejection.


The invention relates to a method for authorization in a wireless vehicle network, namely, to authorize communication between a mobile communication unit and a control unit associated in a vehicle-vehicle communication unit, wherein there is a non-authorized connection between the mobile communication unit and the vehicle-side communication unit. According to the invention, the mobile unit sends a request to authorize the communication to the vehicle unit. Then, the vehicle-mounted unit sends to the mobile unit - from the request came - a request to perform an action on the vehicle. An operator with access to the mobile unit and the vehicle performs the action. The action taken is detected by the control unit. The vehicle unit authorized to communicate with the mobile unit.


The isomerization of propylene oxide was carried out on metal phosphate catalysts. The main products were allyl alcohol, propionaldehyde, acetone, and 1-propanol. It was found that allyl alcohol is produced by acid-base bifunctional catalysts, acetone, by basic-site catalysts only, and propionaldehyde, by acid-site catalysts. 1-Propanol may be produced by the hydrogen-transfer reaction of allyl alcohol. The conversion to propionaldehyde is proportional to the acidity of the catalyst, the strength of which is stronger than H0=+4.8. The sum of the conversions to allyl alcohol, acetone, and 1-propanol correlate linearly with the observed basicity (H0≥+7.2) of the catalyst. The selectivity and activity are determined by the basic and acidic properties of the catalyst. The mechanisms of the propylene oxide isomerization are also discussed.


The experiences of 31 Black and 19 Hispanic families caring for dementia victims at home were examined through data collected in two interviews six months apart. Caregivers'health status, mental well-being, attitudes towards caregiving, and use of informal and formal supports were measured. Data were also collected on the patient's degree of mental and physical impairment. The findings indicate that both groups maintain strong feelings of filial support for the aged and have actively involved informal support networks. Formal services are also used, although the attitudes towards them and the factors related to their use varied between the Black and Hispanic respondents. For both groups, the increased use of formal services at the second interview was related to a decrease in informal supports. Health of the caregivers did not appear to be affected although the Hispanics gave evidence of depression. The article discusses implications of these findings.


JBO, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, U.K.Received/AcceptedAbstract. We present the results of phase–referenced VLBA+Effelsberg observations at five frequencies of the double–imag egravitational lens JVAS B0218+357, made to establish the precise registration of the A and B lensed image positions. Themotivation behind these observations is to investigate the anomalous variation of the image flux–density ratio (A /B) withfrequency – this ratio changes by almost a factor of two over a frequency range from 1.65 GHz to 15.35 GHz. We investigatewhether frequency dependent image positions, combined with a magnification gradient across the image field, could give r iseto the anomaly. Our observations confirm the variation of ima ge flux–density ratio with frequency. The results from our ph ase–reference astrometry, taken together with the lens mass model of Wucknitz et al. (2004), show that shifts of the image peaksand centroids are too small to account for the observed frequency–dependent ratio.


The study aims to investigate phrasal complexity measures that can predict EFL students' academic writing proficiency. Academic English written test responses were derived from written responses from the Khon Kaen University Academic English Language Test (KKU-‐AELT). Five hundred and thirty written responses were separated into groups based on their writing scores. Sixty-‐six phrasal complexity measures (Kyle, 2016) were analyzed for this study. The Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Syntactic Sophistication and Complexity (TAASSC), a computational tool for phrasal complexity analysis, was used to calculate the average  numbers of occurring measures in written responses. Phrasal complexity measures occurring in written responses were analyzed with the independent t-‐test. Then, 11 significant phrasal complexity measures, derived from the independent t-‐test, were entered into Binary logistic regression in order to examine potential phrasal complexity measures that can predict proficiency levels. The results revealed three phrasal complexity measures that can predict academic writing for higher proficiency level students.


Over the past decade higher education has undergone significant changes marked by the Lisbon strategy of the European Union's Bologna process. Practices such as blended and e-Learning have been introduced as well as continuous initiatives and programmes. Given these changes higher learning institutions must try to adapt to their students' digital culture, which is conducive to new needs. This factor may indicate that new strategies and methodologies must be addressed and implemented in the classroom context, which must be adjusted to a new learning. The use of casting technologies has been found to be increasingly used associated with their apparent potential impact. Changes and innovations regarding the content of various subjects as well as respective activities are on the horizon. This need for change stems from the new technological environments/contexts within which the students are included. This work arises within the scope of the proposed creation of a research plan in Doctoral Programme in Multimedia in Education. The aim of this project is to assess the integration of podcasts, vodcasts, screencasts and emerging casting technologies in higher education learning environments and to assess both students' and teachers' opinions, practices and expectations. In this study we propose to create and integrate multimedia teaching contents, not only to support activities carried out in new learning environments whether face-to-face or distance learning, but also as a methodological strategy to adopt. The methodological choices will be mentioned throughout the article in conformity with the aim under study.


Report explaining how farmers can successfully cultivate milo ( a variety of sorghum) in the semiarid plains of the southwestern United States.


The synthesis of triaza-trimethin-cyanine-tetrafluoroborates from 1-ethyl-2-azido-6-X-quinolinium-tetrafluoroborates and sodium azide is described. The visible spectra and the properties of the dyes are discussed.


The advent of Industry 4.0 has brought to extremely powerful data collection possibilities. Despite this, the potential contained in databases is often partially exploited, especially focusing on the manufacturing field. There are several root causes of this paradox, but the crucial one is the absence of a well-established and standardized Industrial Big Data Analytics procedure, in particular for the application within the assembly systems. This work aims to develop a customized Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) procedure for its application within the assembly department of Bosch VHIT S.p.A., active in the automotive industry. The work is focused on the data mining phase of the KDD process, where ARIMA method is used. Various applications to different lines of the assembly systems show the effectiveness of the customized KDD for the exploitation of production databases for the company, and for the spread of such a methodology to other companies too.


ISSP is an index that demonstrates payment system's stability figuring its liquidity (ISLSP) and its operational capability (IOSP). It was formed using two methods, which are statistical normalization and conversion using empirical normalization Min-Max. Basically, this paper intends to evaluate towards variables used in forming ISLSP and basically as a tool to ensure data sensitivity to important events stated. To get ISLSP that is sensitive to RTGS liquidity condition, we use coefficient from each weighted variable through simultaneous regression. We get parameters simbolized , and that are used as weight for each variable. Based on observation to these weighted variables, liquidity variables contribute 60%, PUAB contribute 30%, and interconnectedness contribute 10% in forming ISLSP.


There are a variety of sizes currently available for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) implant systems. Common sizing options include a smaller 36 to 38 mm or a larger 40 to 42 mm glenosphere, and are typically selected based on surgeon preference or patient size. Previous studies have only evaluated the abduction and adduction range of motion within a single plane of elevation, providing a limited view of the joint's possible range of motion. The purpose of this study was to use computer modeling to evaluate the abduction and adduction range of motion across multiple planes of elevation for a range of glenosphere sizes.Computed tomography images of four cadaveric specimens (age: 54 ± 24 years) were used to obtain the osseous anatomy to be utilised in the model. Solid-body motion studies of the RTSA models were constructed with varying glenosphere diameters of 33, 36, 39, 42, and 45 mm in Solidworks (Dassault Systems, US). The implant components were scaled, while maintaining a consistent centre ...


Among other skills, a capacity for abstraction and good spatial awareness are needed to succeed in physics courses. According to the prevailing low percentages of passed students on these courses, a great proportion of those students are likely to lack these skills. Our working hypothesis is that simulations could help engineering students visualize physical phenomena and thereby gain a better understanding of physical theoretical concepts and achieve higher grades. Two groups of students (n1 = 40 and n2 = 43) took the same fluid mechanics course at an engineering school. Both groups took the same end-of-course examination, but only group 1 was simulation-taught. For that purpose, 15 original simulations were created with GeoGebra software. Simulation-taught students completed a questionnaire on the interest of using simulations to teach fluid mechanics. Simulations designed in this work covered all the concepts taught on the course and overcame criticisms made on previous simulations also created to teach fluid mechanics. At the examination, the average grade and the percentage of passed students were higher in group 1 than in group 2. When surveyed, group 1 students declared that they enjoyed interacting with the simulations and considered them to be a good complement to the theoretical explanations because simulations helped them revise previously explained concepts. Simulations assisted students with difficulties to visualize and understand physical theoretical concepts but still students performed poorly on the examination. Additional strategies need to be adopted in order to help students develop the skills required to succeed in physics courses.


This discussion of attempts, in the field of educational theory, to conceptually define the dimensions of latent (i.e. unintentional or unperceived) influences upon the individual centres around the problem of an appropriate terminological differentiation between Junctional education" as a thematically relevant paedagogical category and the (sociological) concept of socialisation; a division which presupposes claims from educational science for competence in this area of debate. After a critical analysis of attempts to arrive at suitable definitions (esp. those of B. Götz and A.K. Item!), author offers a solution informed by structuralist precepts which is, in conclusion, examined in relation to possible consequences for educational theory.


Difficulties in recovering land based sources of energy and raw materials have led to an increasing interest in the oceans. The authors examine the evolution of deep ocean mining and ocean thermal energy conversion and suggest factors to be considered in the future development of new ocean industries


In this research, high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) based new deposition processes are introduced to address; the issue of low degree of ionization of C in magnetron sputtering disch ...


Barbara H. Rosenwein, Property transfers and the Church, eighth to eleventh centuries. An overview, p. 563-575. An overview of current studies of property transfers and the Church, above of all the studies in this volume, reveals new recognition of the blurred distinctions between «family» and «church», «transfer» and «retention». Certain constraints in research are necessitated by the sources themselves (monastic charters, in the main), which are scattered in time and place. However, some constraints are lifted as scholars recognize the disjunction between the ideal types of documents postulated by jurists and the real (and bewilderingly varied) types of documents created on the ground. The predominance of one kind of charter (the precaria) does not mean than there was only one sort of property transfer, for the precaria had different meanings in different contexts. The chief lesson here is the creativity as well as opportunism of modes of property transfer during the period.


An improved quick-release extension rod structure is provided and is composed of a housing body, a rod body and a detent unit. The housing body with a hollow shape sheathes the rod body. One end of the rod body is provided with a nesting part. The detent unit is arranged between the housing body and the rod body, and coordinately controlled by the housing body; the detent unit is provided with a convex part, and a first end and a second end are respectively provided on the two ends of the detent unit ; in a first state, the detent unit is constrained at the convex part, ensuring that the first end of the detent unit radially moves outwards along the rod body and recedes to the outside of the nesting part; in a second state, the first end of the detent unit radially moves inwards along the rod body into the nesting part to fixedly limit position; through the structure, the purpose of quick release and plug-in connection and the effect of avoiding the detent unit incapability in reverting to the first state can be achieved. The improved quick-release extension rod structure can achieve the purposes of the quick release and the plug-in connection with the screwdriver head, and the situation that the plug-in connection with the screwdriver head can not be realized as a result of the nesting block incapability in reverting can be avoided.


A compact and planar dual band antenna for wireless com- munication is presented. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed an- tenna can cover Bluetooth (2.4{2.484GHz) and ultrawideband (UWB: 3.1{10.6GHz) bands. It is composed of a semi-bevelled-rectangle patch and a bended L-shaped strip and fed by a microstrip line. The an- tenna is built on a FR4 substrate with only 21mm £ 35mm surface area included the ground plane. Details of the antenna design and the measured results included voltage standing wave ratio, radiation patters, peak gain, etc., are presented and discussed.


Introduction
 Response to treatment in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is variable. With increasing possibilities of treatment regimens, predictive factors for response are important. Immune modulating agents (IMiDs) require Cereblon (CRBN) for activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the genes involved in the CRBN pathway which predict the response to therapy with IMiDs.
 Methods
 Paraffin embedded bone marrow (BM) biopsies were used from newly diagnosed patients included in HOVON-87/NMSG-18 trial obtained at inclusion. In this trial, elderly patients with MM were randomized between treatment with Melphalan-Prednisone (MP)-Thalidomide (MPT) followed by thalidomide maintenance versus MP-Lenalidomide (MPR) followed by lenalidomide maintenance (Zweegman et al. Blood 2016;127:1109-1116).
 BM biopsies were stained with a fully automated dual color, bright-field immunohistochemical assay for CRBN, its neosubstrates Ikaros and Aiolos and the downstream targets IRF4 and c-MYC. CD138 was used to identify MM plasma cells in the BM samples. For CRBN, both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was evaluated. The distribution and intensity of the immunostaining was assessed using the H-score. The H-scores were calculated using the following formula: [1 × (% cells 1+) + 2 × (% cells 2+) + 3 × (% cells 3+)] and range from 0-300 (0-600 for combined cytoplasmic-nuclear CRBN H-score). For the Cox regression analysis H-scores were corrected by dividing these by a factor 100: hazard rates were considered per 100 points increase of the H-score. Protein levels of the CRBN pathway were compared between patients with complete response (CR) or very good partial response (VGPR) vs partial response (PR) and no change/progressive disease (NC/PD). High-risk cytogenetic aberrations (FISH) were defined as having deletion of 17p, and/or translocation t(4;14) and/or t(14;16). Statistical analysis was done using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and the Mann-Whitney test for comparing response groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to illustrate survival.
 Results
 BM samples obtained at diagnosis from 149 patients were evaluated. Seventy-one patients were treated in the thalidomide arm vs 78 patients in the lenalidomide arm. Median age was 73 years [range 60-90]. Revised ISS stages I/II/III were 12%/80%/8% respectively. At the time of analysis, median follow up of the 45 patients still alive was 83 months [range 23 - 114 months]. Best response on protocol treatment was sCR/CR in 22%, VGPR in 30%, PR in 36% and NC/PD in 12%.
 Protein expression across the response groups showed higher nuclear CRBN in patients who responded better (sCR/CR/VGPR; median H-score: 178 (49-273)) compared to patients with a worse response (PR/NC/PD; median H-score: 157 (67-251)), albeit not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney p-value=0.06).
 Higher H-score of nuclear staining of CRBN was associated with a longer PFS and OS, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.52 for PFS (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.37-0.86, p<0.001) and a HR of 0.56 for OS (95% CI=0.36-0.78; p<0.01). Patients with the top quartile nuclear CRBN levels had a median PFS of 21 months longer compared to patients with the lowest quartile (38 months vs 17 months). In terms of OS, patients with the highest quartile nuclear CRBN expression demonstrated a median survival that was 2 times as high as found in patients with the lowest quartile (75 months vs 35 months; Figure 1). In addition, cytoplasmic staining of CRBN was associated with improved PFS (HR = 0.66 (95% CI=0.47-0.94; p=0.02), but not with OS (HR = 0.73 (CI=0.48-1.11); p=0.14). None of the other markers were associated with survival.
 In a multivariate analysis (which included study arm (MPT vs MPR), nuclear CRBN, high-risk cytogenetic aberrations and R-ISS), nuclear CRBN remained independently associated with OS as well as R-ISS and study arm. For PFS, only nuclear CRBN remained statistically significant after backward selection. Despite treatment arm being a statistically significant term in the multivariate Cox model for OS, no relation was found for treatment arm and nuclear CRBN, in terms of OS.
 Conclusions
 In this study we demonstrate that higher expression of nuclear CRBN in myeloma cells in BM of patients with MM was associated with a superior PFS and OS.

 Couto: Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Ren:Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Wang:Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Thakurta:Celgene: Employment, Equity Ownership. Zweegman:Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Broyl:Celgene, amgen, Janssen,Takeda: Honoraria. Sonneveld:Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; SkylineDx: Research Funding.


The Attention and Engagement group was developed for children with autistic spectrum disorder and their parents. It aimed to overcome the limitations of existing interventions offered by various services. It was found that parents were very satisfied with the service.


In the experiment, on a model of acute carrageenin-induced inflammation of rat's paw, changes in size of the affected limbs (paw edema), parameters of leukogram and activity of free radical oxidation were registered. The anti-inflammatory effect of antihypoxants (amtizol, hesperidin, hypoxen, metaprot) was investigated. It has been shown that hypoxen and metaprot 50 mg/kg have weak anti-inflammatory activity, but potentiate the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. At simultaneous enteral administration of hypoxen and metaprot with acetylsalicylic acid or diclofenac, evident anti-inflammatory effect was marked, that was manifested by significant reduction in registered inflammation symptoms.


As result of studies it is pointed out that the mucous membrane of equine medium nasal septum has a complicated and highly differentiated structure assuring high chemosensibility in the above animals. In adult horses the olfactory region takes up a smaller surface and is less in width than in colts, i.e. one type of mucous membrane is being substituted by another.


CIFOR-ICRAF delivers actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people's lives.


In the field of transportation problems is usually the most decisive optimization criterion minimizing of transportation costs. However, there are situations where it is necessary to transport the material quickly. This is especially the case of material transport when it is transported a perishable material. In case the material is transported in time, i.e. before its vitiation, it may be further used and brings economic profit. Otherwise, there is the degradation with all the ensuing consequences. In this paper it is optimized calamity timber transportation from collection points to places of processing. Emphasis was placed on minimizing the transportation time. The reason for the solution of the problem was the need for calamity fallen timber transportation after hurricane Kyrill from collection points in the Bohemian Forest to processing sites. For solving the problem it was not possible to use the known methods of transportation problems. Therefore, the authors proposed the method, leading to the opt...


The effect of profile imperfections, like axial index dip and layered structure in the inner cladding, on the leakage loss of LP01 mode in MCVD made single-mode DIC fibres is investigated quantitatively through a Matrix approach. The study reveals that these apparent profile imperfections may greatly affect leakage loss coefficients especially at longer wavelengths. A typical example of the presence of a linear axial dip along with ripples in the inner cladding is seen to increase the leakage loss coefficient of the LP01 mode to 43.44 dB/km from a value of 0.25 dB/km at 1.3 μm in the absence of profile perturbation; the corresponding figures at 1.6 μm being 2.76 × 103 dB/km from 67.85 dB/km. However, if the shape of the dip is such that the dip width parameter q > 2, the leakage loss would not get affected by these profile imperfections in practical DIC fibres.


There are common questions in rapid growth private enterprises such as the things difficult in recruitment,holding,employing and management.In order to solve these problems fundamentally,we should modulate from two aspects about strategy and tactics.From the strategic perspective,it is well accepted the "hematopoietic system"——to solve the talent crisis via enterprise internal cultivation,and from the tactical perspective,it is illustrated several steps.The first one is "stop bleeding"——holding employees in key positions,the second one is "blood storage"——building talents' stored repertory,and the third one is "blood——refreshing"——implement talent cultivating plan.There are compensation,career development and contract mechanism included in the talent cultivating plan.This passage takes the talent crisis encountered during the fast-growing of H Group in Hebei Province as an example,analyzes the root causes of talent plight from several aspects about compensation,management,region,culture,business expansion and the background of the "labor shortage",explores solutions to the problems of the talent crisis in rapid growth private enterprises from two aspects about strategy and tactics.


The paper focuses on the spatial behaviour of visitors in the context of current megatrends. It aims to identify and characterize the spatial behaviour of the Czech users of the Airbnb service. Firstly, there is a theoretical-methodological and conceptual anchoring of the issue of tourism, mobility, and megatrends. The next part analyses the results of the questionnaire survey. The sociodemographic profile of the respondents is compiled, and the results are confronted with official tourism statistics at the national and international levels. The final findings are discussed in the context of sustainable development. The Airbnb platform is mostly used by the so-called Millennials for trips abroad. The choice of destination corresponds, to some extent, to the most visited countries according to UNWTO statistics. The most frequently chosen mean of transport in the case of outbound tourism is a plane. The main motivation is to spend the holidays. In terms of the number of overnight stays, short stays are generally preferred. This result is related to the fact that most of the destinations are of urban-type and a shorter length of stay is typical for urban tourism. Concerning the sustainability of urban destinations, the uncontrollable concentration of visitors, and the extension of shared accommodation cause socioeconomic problems, increase noise, and decrease the quality of residents' life.


Purpose
Due to stakeholders' concerns on the contribution of corporate governance in monitoring insurance companies during financial crisis, this study aims to investigate whether and how various corporate governance practices would have affected firm performance of listed and non-listed insurance firms in the UK during financial crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a unique manually collected data set from listed and non-listed insurance firms in the UK and applies different regressions models to test the hypotheses and to address the endogeneity problem.

Findings
The findings show that board non-duality and the presence of a majority shareholder improve firm performance in insurance companies. Furthermore, the findings for the sub-samples indicate a stronger positive association between board of directors and firm performance in listed insurance companies after the financial crisis, while a positive impact has been found between large shareholders and external audit firms in non-listed insurance companies before and during the crisis.

Practical implications
The results offer important practical implications for the government, management, shareholders and policymakers. For example, regulators and policymakers should benefit from these results to revise the recommendations for corporate governance mechanisms that prove to be effective on firm performance, as well as those mechanisms that have different or unexpected effects among listed or non-listed firms and/or during the turbulent periods. Investors should be aware of those specific corporate governance mechanisms that would have higher effect on performance of UK insurance firms in which they are considering to invest in.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the current literature by exploring the effect of corporate governance on financial performance by comparing between listed and non-listed insurance companies during financial crisis. Further, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to use two new insurance-related performance measures, the revenue growth ratio and the adjusted combined ratio, as performance proxies to explore whether these new variables create any insights.


The longevity of cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) was enhanced by solutions containing kinetin and sucrose compared to kinetin alone. Flowers developing during periods of low light intensity senesced rapidly and responded to kinetin only when supplemented with sucrose. Flowers supplemented with sucrose senesced less rapidly when treated with ethylene or abscisic acid than those not treated with sucrose.


According to the basic requirements of sustainable development,this paper elaborates the meaning of the construction of ecological port group,analyzes its typical characteristics,and proposes the scheme including overall planning and design of the first stage, construction implementation of the second stage, as well as maintenance and restoration of the third stage.


Objective) The objective of this research is to explore the impact mechanisms of socio-economic factors on the crops choices of households, and to provide a basis for optimization of cropping structure and policy-making. (Method) Taking Binxian County in Heilongjiang province as the study area, this study randomly conducted face-to-face interviews on 384 households, and used statistical frequency method provided by SPSS software to investigate the impacts of socio-economic factors including production inputs, net income of crops, crop sale, agriculture technology popularization and agricultural policy on the farming initiative and crop choice. (Result) The results showed that to a greater extent, increase of crops net income, the promotion of new varieties and new technologies as well as agricultural subsidies and guidance policies, can greatly promote the farming initiative. Crop net income is the primary factor affecting farmer's crop choices, followed by agricultural subsidies and guide policy. (Conclusion)Several ways such as increasing infrastructure investment, raising crop prices, stabilizing purchasing channels, increasing investment in agricultural R & D and services, can be considered to improve farming initiative, optimize cropping structure and increase farmers income.


Introduction The revised QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay (QFT-Plus) has an extra tube (TB2), containing peptides thought to stimulate CD8 +T cells; TB7 antigen is no longer included. The test is designed to detect latent tuberculosis infection. Hypothesis Levels of interferon-γ in TB2 should always be greater than TB1 Methods QFT-Plus was used routinely in a TB contact clinic June 2016 – January 2017. Interferon-γ values were recorded minus the negative control; a significant difference was defined as a two-fold variation. Clinical details were recorded after consent on a standard form, which included age, sex, reason for test, tuberculin response (mm) and HIV status. Results Data was available from 259 subjects; 2 were HIV-positive. Four gave an indeterminate result. The majority (194; 75%) gave a negative test for both tubes. For 65 positive tests with a≥2 fold difference (all ≥0.7 IU/mL difference), TB1 ≥TB2 occurred in 4 (6%) and TB2 ≥TB1 occurred in 3 (5%). All 4 TB1 ≥TB2 had no TB2 response: there were 2 contacts (10 and 0.68 IU/ml); one was PPD positive with neck lymphadenopathy (4.23 IU/ml); one was PPD negative with haemoptysis after nasal surgery (1.75 IU/ml). Where TB2 was positive in the 'grey zone' and TB1 negative, one had Crohn's disease (0.24, 0.01 IU/ml) and the other (0.23, 0.01 IU/ml) was a contact of non-pulmonary TB, but in none was there HIV co-infection. Three had TB2 ≥TB1: one with smear-positive lung TB had a TB2=0.6 with a TB1=0.25, but the latter was in an accepted 'grey zone'; two had positive tests for both tubes, of which one was a contact 30 years previously and one had testicular TB. Conclusion These data may indicate a technical failure of the TB2 tube. Alternatively, the absent immune response, associated with active disease, might prove useful in determining who could benefit from preventive treatment. Abstract P164 Table 1 Highest TB1 or TB2 value (IU/ml) Difference (IU/ml) <0.2 (n=186) ≥0.2 and<0.35 (n=4) >0.35 (n=65) 0–0.1 182 2 31 >0.1 to<0.35 4 2 12 ≥0.35 0 0 22 >2-fold na 2 7


Abstract Exposure studies with voxel phantoms were carried out to understand the new personal dose measurand Hp(10) measured by personal dosimeters under realistic wearing conditions. Two simulated realistic voxel phantoms and the dosimeter assembly are described in a first step. Conditions such as photon fluence, radiation field geometry, and photon energy for simulating the external photon fields at the realistic model are specified. Person-related effective doses are calculated to evaluate the personal dose. The relation between measured deep personal dose and effective dose is demonstrated and discussed by means of the simulated response function of the dosimeters at realistic phantoms.


The author argues that there is not systematic discussion on indigenization of social work values in Hong Kong. Among the scattered literature, the Chinese culture was often stereotyped as an uniform entity which was static, authoritative and reactionary. However, the author postulates that this is not true and contends that we need to have global understanding and evaluation of Chinese culture and its manifold forms in this colony. Through this, we can have more value alternatives for contemplation on indigenization, that is, to reflect on, to enrich, or even to replace, the tenets of conventional social work values.


this work a nlassively parallel VLSI architec- ture is discussed: PAPRICA, a mesh connected ma- chine that can also simulate a pyramidal architec- ture. Its computational paradigm is based on the lnatchiug operator as defined in nlathematical mor- phology. This description is equivalent to the Cel- lular Automata paradigm, which can simplify the design of PAPRICA applications in low-level vision. PAPRICA is currently simulated on a Unix work- station connected to a Connection Machine CM-2, while the hardware is under testing.


In order to understand the mechanism of energy transfer in an axially moving string with a tensioner and to develop a control strategy for the system, transverse vibration control of an axially moving string is investigated based on the energy transfer principle of traveling waves. The energy of the system is minimized via choosing the optimal control coefficient, determined by maximizing the total energy dissipation. Hence the transverse vibration of the string is minimized as well. The finite difference method is employed to solve the governing equation numerically. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control approach.


Most automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, which aim for perfect transcription of utterances, are trained and tuned by minimizing the word error rate (WER). In this framework, even though the impact of all errors is not the same, all errors (substitutions, deletions, insertions) from any words are treated in a uniform manner. The size of the impact and exactly what the differences are remain unknown. Several studies have proposed possible alternatives to the WER metric. But no analysis has investigated how the human brain processes language and perceives the effect of mistaken output by ASR systems. In this research we utilize event-related brain potential (ERP) studies and directly analyze the brain activities on the impact of ASR errors. Our results reveal that the peak amplitudes of the positive shift after the substitution and deletion violations are much bigger than the insertion violations. This finding indicates that humans perceived each error differently based on its impact of the whole sentence. To investigate the effect of this study, we formulated a new weighted word error rate metric based on the ERP results: ERP-WWER. We re-evaluated the ASR performance using the new ERP-WWER metric and compared and discussed the results with the standard WER.


In the earthquake which devastated Tangshan, China in 1976 official documents were leaked indicating that at least 655,000 people were killed. How the Chinese dealt with this large number of bodies is unknown. But the problems must have been multiple and massive.


In this paper, we consider various graphs, namely: power graph, cyclic graph, enhanced power graph and commuting graph, on a finite semigroup $S$. For an arbitrary pair of these four graphs, we classify finite semigroups such that the graphs in this pair are equal. In this connection, for each of the graph we also give a necessary and sufficient condition on $S$ such that it is complete. The work of this paper generalize the corresponding results obtained for groups.


Background: Anemia is not a disease but it is the expression of underlying diseases and from the treatment point of view, it is necessary to identify the cause of anemia. The definition of anemia is as decrease in the number of red blood cells or the decreased percentage of hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia is such an important issue affecting a large population in India as well as worldwide, Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the red cell indices, haemogram and study the relation of platelet count with anaemia in anaemic (<10gm%) patients by automatic cell counter in Vikhe Patil Medical hospital. Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study. The sample size of research project was 100 patients, included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In present study, equal numbers of patients suffer from macrocytic normochromic anemia and hyperchromic anemia, that is, 8 patients of each. Out of 100 patients, 61% patients showed decreased platelet count. Maximum percentage of anaemic patients showed decreased platelet count in the range of 2.5-1.5 lakhs. Least percentage of patients (16%) showed platelet count less than 0.5 lakhs/cmm 3 . Conclusions: Screening for anaemia, treatment of anaemic women, and availability and use of food fortification (wheat flour with iron and folic acid), milk, sugar and salt with iron to build long term iron stores remains the key to reduce anemia in adolescent and pregnant women. Consumption of cheap iron-rich foodstuffs should be promoted. Effective poverty alleviation and hookworm prevention programs are also important.


We all appreciate the need for a systems approach to design, yet if we do not adequately understand the many interdependent systems, how do we maintain a systems approach? Can a usability professional acquire sufficient domain-specific expertise to efficiently perform a usability evaluation in the medical world? We will address these questions and argue for various levels of specialization for human-computer interaction (HCI) professionals working in the health care domain. Many medical software organizations have a limited understanding of human factors, usability, and HCI. Several medical software companies (e.g., SMS, Cerner) are beginning to embrace human factors and develop usability resources. IBM and other large informa-


The production process of high phosphorus content flame retardant profiled moisture absorption and sweat dischargeable bright polyester linen imitetion slub yarn was discussed from chip quality,drying,spinning,quench air,drawing and winding,false-twist texturing and product flame retardant performance.High quality and better performance modified fiber can be produced by reasonable selection technological process and false-twist texturing process.


Dear Readership, I recently took a trip with my family and couldn't help but notice the parallels with executing research. Just like research, our trip had a goal, to fly the family to some place warm and spend a "relaxing week with teenagers at the beach"—right, easier said than done. This correlates to our research goal of "recruiting 100 participants, execute our study with no issues, and collect data to validate our proposed findings"—right, easier said than done. First, there were the airline travel rules that had to be followed. Liquids in a small bag. Luggage cannot weigh more than 50 pounds. No more than 1 bag per person. These correlate to the basic rules we have follow in submitting proposals and executing research (e.g., Institutional Review Boards, Conflicts of Interest, etc.). Next, we have the more demanding issues, making sure everyone in the family is having a great time on vacation—younger child wants to go to the amusement park, older wants the water park, and parents want the hotel pool. Oldest child wants to go to a burger place and watch the game, youngest wants pizza, and parents want the hotel pool restaurant. Making it work is all about compromise and flexibility. Similarly, when you have 100 different participants in your study, you have 100 different ideas on what works for them. The key difference between my family's vacation and the study being is if the participants are having issues with participating in the study, they can drop out at any time. Flexibility is key to meeting participants needs and is critical to successfully executing a study. Since nursing directed studies often involve participants who are experiencing complex health problems such as serious illness, studies can be one more thing that adds stress to their life. With complex health problems (e.g., serious illness) comes difficult family dynamics, doctors' appointments, treatment appointments all experienced under the uncertainty of what the participant's ultimate new normal will be for their health. Participants need to perceive that the logistics of participating in the research study are acceptable in comparison to the benefits of participating in the study. Ensuring data collection times are flexible to meet participants' schedules and ensuring interventions are not dependent on specific times or are not too time intensive are all things to consider. Participants also want to know that their participation is important. Participants need to perceive their participation is important. Participants need to see their participation has a greater benefit, something they can be proud to be a part of and through their participation they are helping others like themselves. To this end, as researchers we need to put our best foot forward. Study materials need to be researched for easy use and look professional. Our research staff interfacing with the participants need to dress and interact in a professional manner in front of and with participants. Study staff need to be educated regarding what the participants are going through physically and mentally to be able to best accommodate the participants. Study staff need to be encouraged to share their participant experiences to help educate fellow staff and assess what happened—what was done right—what could be improved and how staff should react in the future when faced with a similar situation. All of this with the goal of benefiting the participants' experience as a participant in the study by increasing the research staffs' flexibility in addressing the multitude of situations they may find themselves in. Participants may also need reimbursement for travel and/ or incentives for participation. Incentives/reimbursements need to be reliable, easy to use, and easily convertible. Incentives requiring participants activation by reading multiple lines of fine print, reactivation after every purchase or require significant travel to use are going to prove aggravating for participants. Incentives requiring participants to provide their social security number are also not going to be well received and may be rejected with the participant leaving the study. Again, participants want flexibility and quality when it comes to incentives/reimbursements. Incentives/reimbursements need to work every time and be very easy to use. Besides the participants and the study staff, the Principal Investigator's university research support also plays a key role in a study's success. As a support organization, it is critical that the sponsoring University's Research Support are also flexible in supporting the research program. It is essential that the University's Research Support incorporates the same flexibility the Research Staff implements in order to meet the needs of the participants. The key is it is a "Support" organization with 915050WJNXXX10.1177/0193945920915050Western Journal of Nursing ResearchSnyder et al. other2020


With the rapid progress of technology, the society puts forward higher requirements for talent cultivation. The sport teaching emphasizes student's sports experience and participation, the course content is wider, including physical, psychological and emotional health. In previous studies, people don't pay much attention to the sports teaching environment, lack of evaluation of sports teaching environment. In this paper, we first analyze the evaluation standard of classroom teaching quality, and then we analyze the factors that will influence physical education. The result shows that more than 32.9% teacher satisfied with sports venues equipment, more than 72.1% students think the environment will have a great impact on their learning. In addition, the size of a class will also affect the teaching effect. On this basis, we put forward relevant proposals.


This work is linked to the master's research developed at the line Education and Arts -PPGE/ UFSM and to the Fapem study group: Training, Action and Research in music education (CNPq), which seeks to investigate the cello teacher readings about methods for initiation to instrument more recurrent in southern Brazil, in work with children. This article presents a cut-out of the dissertation, proposing a reflection about the term 'method', which is traditionally used in instrumental teaching as reference to the textbook. The reflection is required in view of the multiplicity of meanings that the term acquires in the context of teaching music. Based on studies of the areas of Education and Music, and from a brief analysis of the first book for cello, with didactic purposes, prepared by Michel Corrette (1741), the different meanings of the term are discussed. From the study, the term ' method ' is used both as a way to achieve objectives, relating to the organized pedagogical actions, as well as an object impregnate with materiality, character- ized as the textbook for the teaching of the instrument. It is verified that, in its structure, the instrumental teaching methods present contents in progressive order of difficulty, proposing the musical development according to the needs of a particular social, cultural, and educational context.