Trust is an important component of human-AI relationships and plays a major role in shaping the reliance of users on online algorithmic decision support systems. With recent advances in natural language processing, text and voice-based conversational interfaces have provided users with new ways of interacting with such systems. Despite the growing applications of conversational user interfaces (CUIs), little is currently understood about the suitability of such interfaces for decision support and how CUIs inspire trust among humans engaging with decision support systems. In this work, we aim to address this gap and answer the following question: to what extent can a conversational interface build user trust in decision support systems in comparison to a conventional graphical user interface? To this end, we built a text-based conversational interface, and a conventional web-based graphical user interface. These served as the means for users to interact with an online decision support system to help them find housing, given a fixed set of constraints. To understand how the accuracy of the decision support system moderates user behavior and trust across the two interfaces, we considered an accurate and inaccurate system. We carried out a 2 × 2 between-subjects study (N = 240) on the Prolific crowdsourcing platform. Our findings show that the conversational interface was significantly more effective in building user trust and satisfaction in the online housing recommendation system when compared to the conventional web interface. Our results highlight the potential impact of conversational interfaces for trust development in decision support systems.


Rates of immigration are at an all-time high in many Western countries, and immigration can exert profound influences on identity development. These influences occur both at the individual level and at the group level, but these two sets of influences have rarely been considered simultaneously. Accordingly, this article adopts a multilevel approach to identity development among immigrant youth, with a focus on North American receiving contexts. We focus not only on individual ethnic, national, and personal identity development, but also on the societal-level intergroup processes (e.g., threats and stereotypes) that constrain the identity options available to immigrants. We highlight the prominence of biculturalism – endorsement of both heritage and destination-country identities – but also discuss ways in which biculturalism may be difficult to attain for some immigrants and immigrant groups. We also emphasize the interplay between individual immigrants' identities and the mechanisms through which defensive policies enacted by "threatened" majority groups may harm identity development among immigrant youth. The article concludes with a listing of priorities for future work.


This work is focused on the design and development of hybrid solid-state energy storage devices with high capacitive performance. In particular, the work includes, the preparation of carbon composite electrodes based on a carbon nanofibers (CNF) supported on a cotton fabric. The coating of CNF to the cotton cloth is obtained by the dip and dry method. On these so-obtained composite substrates, further layers of activated carbon (Norit A Supra Eur) and manganese oxide (MnO2) material have been subsequenlty deposited to enhance the electrochemical performances of negative and positive electrodes, respectively. The preparation of carbon-based active layers comprises the spreading on the negative CNF-substrate of a slurry containing the activated carbon (AC) material, graphite fibres and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) in N,N dimethylacetamide (DMA). Whereas the positive electrode is prepared by spreading a slurry of MnO2, carbon black, graphite fibers, PVDF in DMA. A 1M Na2SO4 solution impregnated in the porous paper separator (Nippon Kodoshi Corportion, Japan) and a polymer electrolyte membrane (Nafion 115) have been employed as electrolytes. The different supercapacitors were electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (G–CD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and long-term cycling stability tests.


The tracking control of multiagent dynamical systems with exogenous disturbances is studied. A path following algorithm with a time-varying reference state is proposed, and the path tracking of multiagent systems with exogenous disturbance is analyzed. Under the influence of the disturbances, a disturbance observer is developed to estimate the exogenous disturbances. Asymptotical consensus of the multiagent systems with time-varying reference state and exogenous disturbances under the disturbance observers-based control (DOBC) can be achieved for fixed and switching topologies. Finally, by applying an example of multiagent systems with switching topologies and exogenous disturbances, the consensus tracking of multiagent systems with time-varying reference state is reached under the DOBC with the designed parameters.


EV market has risen despite COVID-19 pandemic. Wireless EV charging is safer operating, saves the environment, and is convenient with automated charging. Inductive wireless EV Charging (IPT) should be fewer power electronics components to improve the system's efficiency. This paper presents the fewer components constant current - constant voltage (CC-CV) IPT using frequency adaptive frequency control technique that does not need a primary dc-dc converter. The proposed CC-CV IPT charging building block consists of the front-end rectifier, CC-CV frequency controlled inverter, IPT coils, secondary high-frequency rectifier, and step resistive load battery simulator. The load current and voltage signals are detected and feedback to the PI control block that controls the frequency of the PWM gate drive of the inverter. The simulation and experimental results show the operating mode of 6A CC and 102 V CV chargings were performed. The wireless EV charging can be operated for the CC and CV chargings using variable frequency control.


Case presentation A 62-year-old female presented with progressive dysphagia for solid diet for the four-month duration. Her clinical examination was unremarkable. Upper GI endoscopy revealed an extra mucosal bulge with normal overlying mucosa in the oesophagus at 29cm from incisor teeth (figure1) and benign-looking small pre-pyloric peptic ulcer. Endoscopic ultrasound scan (EUS) was done and it shows a hyper-echoic lesion arising from the muscularis propria of the oesophagus with no surrounding invasion, most likely to be a leiomyoma. Contrast-enhanced tomography of chest (Figure2) reveals a mid-oesophageal, well-defined lesion, further in favour of a benign leiomyoma.


Honeysuckle,Gardenia,forsythia were identified quantitatively by TLC.Baicalin content in scullcap was determined by HPLC.HPLC was applied with a C_(18) column,and the mobile phase of methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid(50:50),and the detection wavelength was 276nm.The TLC chromatogram spots were clear and no interference was found in the negative reference.Baicalin was obtained in the range of 30.6~81.6μg/ml,r=0.9999.The average recovery of Baicalin was 99.34%,RSD=1.83%.This method is simple,accurate and has good reproducibility,which can be used for a quality control standard of Qingrejiedu tablets.


Abstract The San Miguelito and Rincon oil fields are located along the northern edge of the western Ventura basin. Both fields produce from the approximately 3350 m (11,000 ft) thick sequence of turbiditic Plio-Pleistocene strata contained in the Ventura Avenue anticlinal trend. The anticlinal trend formed against the basin-bounding north-dipping reverse faults of the Red Mountain fault system. Red Mountain faulting, which may have begun as early as late Miocene in the area of the ancient Red Mountain seaknoll, resulted in the formation of an unyielding barrier against which later basinal deformation to the south occurred. The formation of the anticlinal trend has been rapid and complex. The Ventura Avenue and Rincon anticlines are separated at the surface by the San Miguelito anticline. The San Miguelito anticline is a fault-propagation fold restricted to the hanging wall of the south-dipping Padre Juan reverse fault. The Ventura Avenue and Rincon anticlines, in contrast, are flexural-slip folds which are continuous beneath the Padre Juan fault. Geologic evidence from the Ventura area indicates that the anticlinal trend did not begin to form before 600,000 years ago, and possibly not before 200,000 years ago. For the Rincon anticline and San Miguelito anticline-Padre Juan fault pair alone, this results in shortening rates of 4.2 to 12.5 mm/yr (0.16 to 0.49 in/yr) or greater.


Understanding people's fire practices, knowledge and perceptions of the use of fire and fire regimes can inform fire management plans that could contribute to sustainable savanna conservation and management. We investigated the frequency of fire use, control and perceptions of fire regime for selected livelihood and socio-cultural activities in six districts in the Guinea savanna of Ghana. The majority of respondents (83%) across the study districts indicated that they used fire once a year for at least one of the following activities: land preparation, weed/grass/pest control, burning stubble after harvest, bush clearing around homesteads, firebreaks, charcoal burning and hunting. The study showed a higher frequency of fire use in the dry season for land preparation for cropping. Less than a fifth of the respondents (17%) indicated that they do not use fire for any of the above activities. The majority of respondents (62%) across the districts mentioned that they controlled their use of fire to prevent destruction to property, with the remaining 3% who indicated the prevention of killing or injuring humans. The study showed a higher frequency of fire use for land preparation for cropping than for the other socio-cultural activities. However, respondents rated season of burning as the most important attribute, with little attention to the other attributes of a fire regime, contrary to what is theoretically recognized. Understanding traditional fire use practices in terms how to regulate the mix of frequency, intensity/severity, season, size and type of fire for these and other socio-cultural purposes could enhance sustainable savanna conservation and management. There is a need to unravel the specifics of fire assisted socio-cultural practices and fire regimes in West Africa.


The modeling course on prediction of uranium concentration in pregnant solution from in-situ leaching of uranium is described, a mathematical model based on grey sysytem theory is put forward, and a set of computer application software is correspondingly developed.


This study is dedicated to the partnerships of the Private Sector with the United Natios, focusing in the alliances of UNICEF. It notices that there are shared values and principles in these partnerships and that they can be classified in two general typologies: the PPPs of Investment and the ones of Politics.


Lung cancer is a disease generated by the neoformation of the cells that make up the different lung structures. Metalloproteases (MMPs) are therapeutic targets in this pathology, due of its proteolytic activity that allows the degradation of essential components in tissue barriers favoring the generation of different pathological conditions, among them cancer, being of great relevance in this sense the collagenases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). MMP-2 is an enzyme capable of proteolytically degrading collagen type IV present in the extracellular matrix allowing the migration of tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that polymorphisms in the promoter region of the MMP-2 gene imply a poor prognosis for patients with lung cancer. The present study focused on the identification in individuals of the ecuadorian population of the MMP-2 -1306 C/T (rs243865) polymorphism owing of its association with lung cancer. Were collected and processed 71 samples from patients with lung cancer and 77 samples from healthy individuals (controls). The genotypic determination of cases and controls were performed by the polymerase chain reaction and Sanger-type sequencing. The rs243865 polymorphism was identified only in one patient with lung cancer and 28 control subjects. Besides, new polymorphisms were identified at positions 55477786, 55477824, 55477842, 55477846, 55477865, 55477881 and 55477883 of the promoter region of the MMP-2 gene. Fisher's statistical test indicated that there is no statistically significant association (p> 0,05) between the presence of rs243865 polymorphism and gender in controls. However, a statistical significance (p> 0,05) was obtained between the histological type of lung cancer and tobacco consumption. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the histological type of lung cancer influences the survival time of patients. Finally, it can be concluded that the rs243865 polymorphism in the promoter of the MMP-2 gene is not a prognostic factor for patients diagnosed with lung cancer in the ecuadorian population. In spite of, CT and TT genotypes could play a protective role in the development of this malignant neoplasm.


Tracks of a juvenile theropod dinosaur with footprint lengths of between 2 and 9 cm as well as adults of the same ichnospecies with footprints of about 15–25 cm in length were found in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) Kilmaluag Formation of Score Bay, northwestern Trotternish Peninsula, Isle of Skye, Scotland, UK. Two footprint sizes occur together on the same bedding plane in the central portion of Score Bay, both in situ and on loose blocks. Another horizon containing footprints above this was also identified. The footprints from the lowest horizon were produced in a desiccated silty mud that was covered with sand. A close association of both adults and juveniles with similar travel direction indicated by the footprints may suggest post-hatching care in theropod dinosaurs. Other footprints, produced on a rippled sandy substrate, have been found on the slightly higher bedding plane at this locality. Loose blocks found 130 m to the northeast in the central part of Score Bay have not been correlated with any in situ sediments, but were preserved in a similar manner to those from the higher bedding plane. These tracks represent the youngest dinosaur remains yet found in Scotland.


In this lecture series I present recent developments in perturbation theory methods for gauge theories for processes with many partons. These techniques and results are useful in the calculation of cross sections for processes with many finai state partons which have applications in the study of multi-jet phenomena in high-energy colliders. The results ilhnninate many important and interesting properties of non-abelian gauge theories.


This article contains all of the technical ingredients required to implement an effective, explicit and unconditional amplifier in the context of GL(3) automorphic forms. In particular, several coset decomposition computations in the GL(3) Hecke algebra are explicitly done.


With the wide-spread deployment of wind generation in the power grid, the traditional generation mix has been changed drastically. Nowadays, the uncertainty and intermittency of wind generation output are extremely challenging tasks to electric utilities. Therefore, to enhance the stable and reliable operation of the grid with high penetration of wind generation, many countries have established low and high voltage ride-through (LVRT/HVRT) requirements for wind farms in the grid codes. This paper presents a study of an actual offshore wind farm to assess the associated LVRT/HVRT capability. The test system under study is established based on the offshore wind farm developed near the central west coast of Taiwan by using DigSILENT PowerFactory to perform simulations and then analyze the performance of LVRT/HVRT capability of the wind farm. Simulation results show that the offshore wind farm needs a reactive compensation plan such as static reactive power compensator (STATCOM) to meet the voltage ride-through grid codes.


Advanced technologies to produce synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamide (PAS, and polymaleic anhydride (PMA) have produced products which may be economically feasible alternatives to traditional treatments such as gypsum in the desert Southwest. In 1994 three field studies were initiated, two identical studies were located in the Yuma Valley and one at Paloma Ranch. At Yuma Valley the experiments included 0, 1, and 2 tons gypsum/acre, over which, various soil -applied treatments were made; including, a check, soluble PMA (Sper Salb,), and PAM (Hydro -Growth,,,). Upland cotton DPL 5461 ' was grown in both Yuma Valley studies. At Paloma Ranch, Upland DPL 5415' planted. Prior to planting, two gypsum applications were made at O and 2 tons/acre. Also included as treatments were various methods and rates of Sper Salt,,. No differences among treatments were detected in either of these locations relative to crop yield. At Paloma Ranch there were some earlyseason differences in soil crusting among the various soil amendment treatments, however, these differences dissipated as the season progressed and did not result in lint yield differences.


Of all technology trends occurring, perhaps one of the most prominent and popular domains is Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The WSN has a vast range of applications such as disaster surveillance, structural health monitoring, agricultural control, biodiversity mapping and health care. The operation employs low-cost micro-sensors equipped with wireless interfaces for communication, thereby forming a sensor network. These sensors exhibit a constrained air due to their limited energy, storage capacity and battery life, making the design of an efficient routing scheme imperative yet tedious. This paper proposes Hierarchical and Energy Optimized Clustering based routing approach (HEOC) which ensures system's operation at minimal energy by multi hop data traversal technique. The work refashions the existing model by selecting the most optimal cluster head for communication with sink. Simulation results prove that the proposed approach is effective in reducing the overall energy utilization and improves the lifespan of the sensor network as compared to other routing schemes.


This handbook indicates how to analyze the fiscal, socioeconomic, energy, wildlife and vegetation, and noise, air, and water quality impacts of all kinds of land use projects. The final chapter explains how to tabulate both positive and negative effects and present a clear, comprehensive summary evaluation.


Objective To investigate the apoptosis-induced mechanism of crocin on bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line T24. Methods MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of crocin on the growth of T24 cells. Microscope was used to observe the morphological changes. The changes of cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry. Annexin V-FITC/PI double labeling flow cytometry was used to determine the cell apoptotic percentage. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect Bcl-2 and Bax expressions. Results The growth of T24 cells was inhibited remarkably in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Distinct morphological changes of cell apoptosis were observed. Flow cytometric profiles revealed that crocin led to increase of the cells in G0/G1 phase and decrease of the cells in S phase,and the percentage of cell apoptosis was also increased. The mRNA and protein expressions of Bax increased and those of bcl-2 decreased. Conclusion Crocin exerts a fine inhibitory effect on the growth of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line T24,maybe due to the apoptosis regulated by Bcl-2 and Bax pathway.


X-ray crystal structure of a catalytic-site mutant EQ208 [Glu2O8→Gln] of α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis complexed with maltopentaose (G5) has been determined at 2.5 A resolution. The conformation around the third α- (1, 4) -glucosidic bond makes a sharp turn, allowing the substrate to fit into the L-shaped cleft of the active site. The amide nitrogen of G1n208 forms a hydrogen bond with the glucosidic oxygen in the scissile bond. The carboxyl group of Asp 176 has non-bonded contacts to the anomeric carbon atom and to the endocyclic oxygen atom. Thus, G1u208 may act as a proton donor and Asp176 may stabilize the oxocarbonium ion at the catalysis.


An immunochromatographic assay for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was developed using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as signal materials. Anti-HBsAg antibodies were labeled with carboxylated Fe3O4 particles with an average diameter of 153.6 nm, and an immunochromatography strip was constructed. The detection capability of the assay developed here is 1 ng/mL HBsAg.


IEEE 802.15.4 is an emerging wireless standard addressing the needs of low-rate wireless personal area networks with a focus on enabling various pervasive and ubiquitous applications that require interactions with our surrounding environments. In view of the application potential of IEEE 802.15.4, knowing the fundamental network properties soon becomes essential in fasten the interactivity between these devices. Among all, knowing effective capacity of a path in wireless networks is of particular importance in routing and traffic management. In this paper, we implement SenProbe, a recently proposed path capacity estimation tool specially designed for the multi-hop ad hoc wireless environment. We present an implementation of SenProbe in sensor operating system (SOS), and evaluate the behavior/effectiveness of SenProbe in various testbed setups; including an interfered setting that cannot be simulated. Experiment results validate the workings of SenProbe and offer insights into how the capacity of a wireless path changes in real wireless environments. Our efforts provide a basis for realistic results that can be of assistance in activities such as capacity planning, protocol design, performance analysis, and etc


This paper proposes a new type of series resonator with serially-connected series-stubs (SCSS). They are proposed to design bandpass filter in finite-ground coplanar waveguide (FGCPW). With the proposed SCSS series resonators, transmission zeros close to the resonant frequency could be obtained so that the size of the filter can be decreased by reducing the orders. Moreover, this kind of structure is capable of adjusting the equivalent total line impedance of the resonator so as to ease the design procedure to meet the Q-values requirements of the resonators in filter design. Based on this concept, two 2-order CPW bandpass filters with attenuation poles are designed, one is designed with two serially-connected short-circuit series-stub (SCSSS) resonator, another is with combination of serially-connected short-circuit and open-circuit series-stub (SCSOSS) resonator. The simulations and experiments results are presented which show that the proposed resonators can be used to improve the skirt selectivity of the filters.


Objective To explore the effects and safety of painless and local anesthesia bronchoscopy in lung biopsy.Methods30 cases were divided into two groups randomly(A and B group).Group A consisted of 15 cases who were given 2% lidocaine on pharyngeal and bronchial for partial anesthesia.Group B consisted of 15 cases who were given(2±0.56)mg/kg propofol and 50~100 μg fentanyl for general anesthesia.During the examination,measures were conducted,including indexes of the anaesthesia course,the complication of bronchoscopy in lung biopsy,postoperative harmful memory and the difficulty of lung biopsy,and their characteristics.ResultsThe complication,change of the SBP,DBP,RR and HR,phenomena of choking and coughing,body maneuver appeared much more in Group B than in Group A(P0.05).The SpO2 of Group A decreased slightly,which had little difference before the procedure(P0.05).But the complication decreased significantly,which had statistical significance(P0.05).ConclusionCompared with partial anesthesia bronchoscopy,painless bronchoscopy has much more advantages.It enhances anesthesia quality significantly,save the time of all sides of operation.It is safer and more reliable.Thus it deserves to be promoted for a wider use in clinical practice.


Organizations need to focus more on developing leadership functions and the team of leaders who can lead the organization which are changing in the competitive world. In spite of this fact that leadership development is one of the key factors in the success of organization, some studies show that in many cases there is a lack of experiential evidence and systematic approach in leadership development. While the challenges related to leadership development have been studied in many organizations worldwide, in many developing countries like Iran it seems to be more important. As Iran is extremely dependent on oil exports as the most important source of income, the main purpose of this study is to find the important leadership development characteristics within oil industry and petroleum in Iran. To meet the aim of the study, literature study and comparative evaluation of that literature and then a qualitative methodology were employed. As a result, eight leadership characteristics are introduced as the most important characteristics in leadership development in the oil companies including: "inspiring shared vision", "building trust", "team working", "building communication skills", "giving contingent rewards", "encouraging creativity and solving problems", "monitoring", and "empowering". In addition, as a secondary result, four factors were found as important outcomes of organizational leadership development. These factors are "leadership effectiveness", "more leaders' satisfaction", "better organizational performance" and "more competitive advantages". Keywordsleadership; leadership development; Iran's oil


This paper introduces a multi-stage dynamic transmission network expansion planning (MSDTNEP) model considering the N-1 reliability constraint. The integrated planning problem of N-1 security and transmission expansion planning is essential because a single line outage could be a triggering event to rolling blackouts. Two suggested scenarios were developed to obtain the optimal configuration of the Egyptian West Delta Network's realistic transmission (WDN) to meet the demand of the potential load growth and ensure the system reliability up to the year 2040. The size of a blackout, based on the amount of expected energy not supplied, was calculated to evaluate both scenarios. The load forecasting (up to 2040) was obtained based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system because it gives excellent results compared to conventional methods. The linear population size reduction—Success-History-based Differential Evolution with semi-parameter adaptation (LSHADE-SPA) hybrid—covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) algorithm (LSHADE-SPACMA)—is proposed to solve the problem. The semi-adaptive nature of LSHADE-SPACMA and the hybridization between LSHADE and CMA-ES are able to solve complex optimization problems. The performance of LSHADE-SPACMA in solving the problem is compared to other well-established methods using three testing systems to validate its superiority. Then, the MSDTNEP of the Egyptian West Delta Network is presented, and the numerical results of the two scenarios are compared to obtain an economic plan and avoid a partial or total blackout.


Grief is a journey that all of us will eventually take (Leming & Dickinson, 1998; Wartik, 1998). The ways we grieve, on the other hand, are shaped by sociocultural factors and have significant variations across cultures and even individuals (Rosenblatt, 2001). It is important for us to understand the specific ways of grieving among Hong Kong Chinese so that culturally appropriate palliative service can be given.


This article aims to study the transformations of regal power at the time of the disappearance of Carolingian political structures. The fact of being no longer part of an empire affects the way in which institutions operate in practice and transforms the exercise of authority. The example chosen is that of Berengar I. It is approached through chronological reminders necessary to the comprehension of Italy's political history from the end of the ninth century to the beginning of the eleventh century, and through reference to the preambles of his diplomas. A comparison with those of the last Carolingians (Charles the Bald and Louis II) and of Berengar's contemporaries (Eudes and Charles the Simple) is outlined. It tends to show that, though the royal gift remains central to the techniques of government, its significance changes over the period. Free for Charles the Bald who sees a sign of sovereignty in the power to give, it tends to become, for both Charles the Simple and for Berengar, a means of remunerating services rendered.


The theoretical approaches to treating quark degrees of freedom and relativistic effects in short range phenomena are summarized. One issue emphasized with regard to all the approaches discussed is the extent to which charge and current operators can be unambiguously determined from the underlying dynamics. If these operators are not constrained by the dynamics, then the electromagnetic experiments described would be expected to be less effective in giving direct information about the underlying physics. Recommendations for future work in the area are summarized. (LEW)


A preliminary comparative study of the physical properties among 17×17 fuel assembly in PWRs for prototype between uranium assembly and hybrid breeding thorium-based assembly has been investigated respectively using the DRAGON software.The parameters such as fuel temperature coefficient,moderator temperature coefficient and that variation as a function of operation period have been investigated.Results show that the neutron properties of uranium-based assembly and hybrid breeding thorium-based assembly are similitude,but MA mass of hybrid breeding thorium-based assembly is evidently less than those of the uranium assembly.


The study aimed to identify the medical invention marketing strategies on buying (Surgical Medical Robot), the study used the descriptive approach to suit the purpose of the study. Sample of the study consisted of (100) participants divided (50) of marketing managers for the medical instrument companies and (50) medical employers related to working in surgery in the Jordanian hospitals. The study showed that the level of medical invention marketing strategies (Marketing Network, Design and Execution, Understanding Customer and the Promotion) and Buying Surgical Medical Robots in the Jordanian Hospitals were in the medium level. The study showed that the medical invention marketing strategies (Marketing Network, Design and Execution, Understanding Customer and the Promotion) have an impact on buying (Surgical Medical Robot) Jordanian hospitals. The study set of many recommendations as Work to raise awareness regarding medical robot surgery and Work by medical equipment companies to obtain the largest amount of information about the medical surgical robot, to increase the level of confidence of patients in this robot.


CuxAg1−xInSe2 (CAIS) thin films were deposited by a hybrid magnetron sputtering/evaporation process over a range of x values. Cryogenic cathodoluminescence (CL) data was obtained from these thin films. Emission peaks were identified and spectrally-resolved images were recorded at these wavelengths. A power-dependent CL series was also recorded. Emissions were fairly uniform across the sample for AgInSe2 (AIS) (x=0). As x increased, the emission became less uniform both in intensity and in spectral components. AIS showed no significant difference between grain and grain boundary emission, while some grain boundaries in CAIS with x>0 showed higher emission intensity than the grains. No reduction in emission intensity was seen from topmost surface features in AIS, as opposed to CIS. Cu0.6Ag0.4InSe2 showed the largest variation in emission from grain to grain, while CIS showed the largest variation in emission from grain to grain boundary.


Three-dimensional (3-D) integration technique, a promising integration technique, can increase system density but at the cost of increased thermal and power density, leading to thermal-related problems. Design of three-dimensional integrated circuits and systems requires considerations of temperature and gradients observed across the die, because temperature gradients can vary the delay of clock paths. As we need to analyze a large number of parameters for thermal-electrical design, optimization of those parameters becomes important for achieving efficiency and accuracy. Machine learning methods have been applied in the past for artificial intelligence, data analysis, and for general optimization problems. In this paper we propose the application of machine learning methods for parameter optimization in 3-D systems.


As part of a DTI Funded Project concerned with the determination of Friction Coefficients for use as input data for process control models, the issues concerning the estimation of uncertainty of measurement have been addressed. A summary is presented here of the measurement uncertainty for three methods used for the determination of interfacial friction namely a) the Cockcroft Male Ring Test , b) the NPL Big Friction Rig and c) the NPL Pin on Disc Rig. Full details of the method used to estimate the measurement uncertainty is given elsewhere (Loveday & Brooks, 2000)


The present invention discloses a transport format combination set configuration method based on terminal capabilities, comprising the steps of: for all transport channels corresponding to the transport format set is full in order from the transmission channel, determined transport format combination corpus; transport format combination Collection deleted beyond transport format combination terminal transmission channels and physical channel capacity limit; selected transmission combination of low rate formats nonsignaling non-session services with the lowest priority of the transmission channel occupied rate of the weight is not lower than other non-letter so non-session services delete transport format combination; the same time, it also deletes the session derived classes set; check performed TTI constraints. It ensures the quality session services when the method of the present invention in meeting the terminal capability requirement and the transport format combination set minimum set of constraints, the TTI constraints, the process comprising types of sessions concurrent services, the algorithm is simple, easy to achieve high efficiency.


We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the lacunary polynomials to be dense in weighted Banach spaces of functions continuous on the rays emerging from the origin. This generalizes the solution to the classical Bernstein problem given by S. Izumi, T. Kawata and T. Hall.


V M Jakhade S L Shetty This paper seeks to explore the possibilities of presenting a method, albeit a crude one, for observing the trends in wealth distribution among urban households.


Abstract : Many chapters of this Handbook describe mechanisms that contribute to various facets of security. The arbitrary use of security mechanisms provides no prescription for the achievement of security goals. It is only in their application in the context of organizational objectives for the protection of information and computational assets that security can be assessed. This chapter is intended to discuss the policies that provide a rationale for those mechanisms and to broadly examine their enforcement mechanisms in computer systems. It is intended to focus primarily on fundamental concepts, which remain valid despite their longevity. In a utopian world where nothing bad ever happened, information security would be unnecessary. There would be no accidents; all actions performed by users would be correct; no attackers would attempt to violate systems. Unfortunately, reality is dramatically different. Information owners are confronted with risks to their assets and, to address these risks, make statements regarding what needs to be protected and how well. These statements constitute the basis for information security policies. Security policies for information and assets have been with us for centuries, but their application within computer systems requires examination. Sterne (1991) provides a useful guide to understanding how policy is expressed at several levels within an organization and how it is described in a technical context. First, security policy applies to the protection of assets. Sterne points out that only tangible assets can be protected. Intangible assets may also be protected through the protection of tangible assets, but it is impossible to state and implement a policy to address intangible assets. For example, how can a bank protect its reputation? Not by putting guards around that reputation.


Literature occupies a very important place in the history of mankind. It may seem an extremely difficult task for an amateur scholar like myself to discuss the "value of literature." However, the reason why I have not encountered discussion of this subject in the Korean literary world is because literature itself has been ignored. Since our nation has been put in a perilous situation, all of our citizens are entirely absorbed in practical matters relating to their daily lives. Under such circumstances, it may be difficult for people to ponder something like literature, which seems to exist outside those lives. Yet, is literature really a useless thing that exists separately from reality? This important question has to be answered first. Therefore, although the scope of my perspective and knowledge is limited, I will venture to say a few things here.


Studies on Sulphochlorination of Paraffins. IX. Regularities of the Sulphochlorination of Branched-chain Paraffins

In the cases of 2-methylbutane and 2-methylpentane the formation of tertiary sulphochlorides in the sulphochlorination of the parent hydrocarbons could be established by means of 13C-n.m.r.-spectroscopy. The relative rates of the various CH-bonds in 2-methylbutane, 2-methylpentane and 3-methylpentane in the sulphochlorination reaction were determined. The relative rates of the tertiary CH-bonds in the sulphochlorination were considerably lower than the corresponding values for the chlorination of the branched-chain paraffins.


Component-based software development aims at building software system by assembling software components to reduce cost, risk and time-to-market. However, conflicts among components constitute a crucial barrier to successful software composition. In this paper, we present an approach to analyze the properties of components and their compositions in order to detect and correct composition errors. We also demonstrate how model checking can be used to verify properties about the composition of design components. Furthermore, using a hypermedia case study, we show how to represent, instantiate, and integrate design components, and how to find composition errors by applying model checking techniques.


We determined the incidence of post‐traumatic epilepsy after severe traumatic brain injury. Of 392 patients surviving to discharge, cumulative incidence of post‐traumatic epilepsy was 25% at 5 years and 32% at 15 years, an increase compared with historical reports. Among patients with one late seizure (>7 days post‐trauma), the risk of seizure recurrence was 62% after 1 year and 82% at 10 years. Competing hazards regression identified age, decompressive hemicraniectomy, and intracranial infection as independent predictors of post‐traumatic epilepsy. Patients with severe traumatic brain injury and a single late post‐traumatic seizure will likely require long‐term antiseizure medicines. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:663–669


The transverse-rupture strength of WC-10%Co alloy double coated with TiC and Al2O3 (total thickness, <14μm) by CVD process was mainly investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 1273K. The results obtained were compared with those of the alloy singly coated with TiC.The number density of cracks observed on the surface of coated layer after CVD was larger in double coated layer. The room temperature strength of double coated alloys decreased with increasing total thickness of layer and it was equal to that of singly coated alloys having the same thickness of layer. The strength of two sorts of coated alloys varied as a function of test temperature as follows: it dropped with increasing test temperatures up to about 873K; then increased at the higher temperatures in the range from 873 to 1173K; and dropped again above 1173K, showing the same strength as that of substrate at 1273K. The strength dependence of coated cemented carbides on test temperatures was in good contrast with that of substrate.


Evidence from a half century of experience by states identifies nonlinearities in the effects of debt and fiscal policy on growth. Effects are Keynesian for low to moderate levels of debt and stimulus but anti Keynesian for sufficiently high levels of debt or stimulus. Results are broadly consistent with models by Barro (1999), Judd (1987), and others.


Biomimetic remineralization is an approach that mimics natural biomineralization, and improves adhesive procedures. The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of Dentin Caries-like Lesions (DCLL)-Producing Model on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of etch and rinse adhesive systems and investigate the effect of remineralizing agents such as Sodium Fluoride (NaF), MI Paste™ (MP) and Curodont™ Repair (CR) on caries-affected dentin (n = 6). Nine groups were established: (1) Sound dentin; (2) Demineralized dentin/Chemical DCLL: (3) Demineralized dentin/Biological DCLL; (4) Chemical/DCLL + NaF; (5) Chemical/DCLL + MP; (6) Chemical/DCLL + CR; (7) Biological/DCLL + NaF; (8) Biological/DCLL + MP; (9) Biological/DCLL + CR. Then all dentin blocks were subjected to a bonding procedure with Adper™ Single Bond 2 adhesive system/Filtek Z350XT 4 mm high block, following this they were immersed in deionized water/24 h and then sectioned with ≅1 mm2 beams. The μTBS test was conducted at 1 mm/min/500 N loading. Failure sites were evaluated by SEM (scanning electron microscopy (150×). μTBS data were submitted to factorial ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The highest values were found when demineralized dentin was treated with MP and CR, regardless caries lesion depth (p < 0.05). There was a predominance of adhesive/mixed in the present study. It was concluded that the use of the artificial dentin caries production models produces differences in the μTBS. Additionally MP and CR remineralizing agents could enhance adhesive procedures even at different models of caries lesion.


A comparative study on the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of CGP 7174/E, piperacillin, cefotaxime and carbenicillin used against 100 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the following data: CGP 7174/E: 1.56 mcg/ml; piperacillin: 3.12 mcg/ml; cefotaxime: 12.5 mcg/ml; carbenicillin: 25 mcg/ml (mean MIC values suggest that CGP 7174/E is the most active). Eleven percent of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were resistant to carbenicillin (MIC > 100 mcg/ml). The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the 3 tested antibiotics (piperacillin, cefotaxime and CGP 7174/E) are 2- to 4-fold higher for these carbenicillin-resistant strains.


The effect of larval rearing infusion on egg production by an inbred, autogenous strain of Culex pipiens Linnaeus was studied. The females normally oviposited one viable egg raft without a blood meal if they were reared as larvae in an infusion of rabbit pellets and brewer's yeast in which microorganisms grew. They oviposited nonviable eggs if they were reared in a similar infusion containing chlortetracycline, used to prevent transmission of symbiotic rickettsia into their developing eggs. If the infusion did not contain the antibiotic but was autoclaved and maintained aseptically to prevent growth of normal free-living microorganisms, no eggs were produced. An aseptic, complex highly enriched infusion containing arachidonic acid and nucleotides compensated in a small measure for the lack of contaminating microorganisms and some eggs hatched. However, none of the eggs hatched when the mosquitoes were reared in the aseptic enriched infusion if it contained antibiotic as well.


Pines decline have occurred all over the world,there are six kinds of factors.①air pollution;②nematode;③climate;④disease;⑤pest;⑥soil.Pinus tabulaeformis is an important composition of Liaoning forestry resources.Recent years,this species decline in large area because of above six kinds of reasons.But the defirm reasons of pine decline in eastern Liaoning have not been conclused.This paper reviews causes of decline of Pinus tabulaeformis,and gives the research tendency and breakthrough point.


Objective:To evaluate the effect of the condition of abutments and the denture support forms on the outcome of telescope dentures.Methods:38 cases restored with telescope dentures were included.The clinical investigation for the condition of abutments,such as the number,the crowns and the periodontal condition of the abutments,the denture support forms and the dental prosthesises were conducted and the results were statistically analysed with Fisher's Exact Test.Results:Most abutment fractures occurred in the cases of free-end arches with 1-2 abutments than those with 3 or more than 3 abutments.Abutment fractures mostly occurred in anterior teeth and premolars closed to free-end edentulous aeras,especially for premolars.Both abutment fractures and base plate fractures occurred in the cases of free-end arches more than those of non-free-end arches.As abutments,the falling post-core-crown of the residual root and residual crown fractures were more than those with periodontitis or with a small number of abuments(P0.05).Conclusion:For telescope dentures,at least 2 abutments on both sides of the arch should be chosen.


In this paper, we propose a two-stream refinement network for RGB-D saliency detection. A fusion refinement module is designed to fuse output features from different resolution and modals. The structure information from depth helps distinguish between foreground and background and the lower level features with higher resolution can be adopted to refine the boundary of detected targets. The proposed model predicts high-resolution saliency map and then use a propagation-based module to further refine object boundary. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well against to the state of the art methods on the recent RGB-D salient object detection dataset.


1) Villanueva C, Graupera I, Aracil C, Alvarado E, Mi~ nana J, Puente A, et al. A randomized trial to assess whether portal pressure guided therapy to prevent variceal rebleeding improves survival in cirrhosis. HEPATOLOGY 2017;65:1693-1707. 2) Sauerbruch T, Mengel M, Dollinger M, Zipprich A, R€ossle M, Panther E, et al. Prevention of rebleeding from esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis receiving small-diameter stents versus hemodynamically controlled medical therapy. Gastroenterology 2015;149:660-668.


CoNiP alloy films have been grown by electrodeposition from a chloride bath under galvanostatic control. Film growth, structure, composition, magnetic properties, and morphology have been found to depend significantly on deposition current density. Hard magnetic films were successfully grown at the current density of 7 mA/cm 2 with thickness up to 10 μm, at which a perpendicular coercivity of 188 kA/m was achieved. The magnetic hardness and perpendicular anisotropy of these films are the combined result of a microstructure composed of columnar grains and of a hexagonal phase oriented with the c axis perpendicular to the film plane. Preliminary investigations of magnetization reversal processes suggest the presence of pinning sites located probably at grain boundaries.


Entanglement of distant quantum memories forms the building block of quantum networks. Neutral atoms with long coherence times are sought for candidates for quantum network links (QNLs). Our experiment with two nodes, 400 m apart, employs single optically trapped Rubidium-87 atoms as quantum memories. Via excitations, entanglement between the atom and spontaneously emitted single photons is created in both traps. Using single-mode fibers, the photons are interfered in a Bell-state measurement thereby swapping the entanglement from the two atom-photon pairs to the atoms with a projective measurement. A new collection setup [1] allows for an increased entanglement event rate of ∼1/20 Hz allowing detailed state analysis and reconstruction of the entangled state.


The embryos of the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) have shown sensitivity to the water soluble fraction of number 2 fuel oil (WSF{sub oil}). To determine the repeatability and versatility of the grass shrimp in bioassays, detailed concentration-response curves were performed using altered test methods. These alterations were to make the test system easier to use, require less volume of toxic material and to shorten the time of the assay. LC50 values for each method were obtained. The methods evaluated the differences between altering time of exposure from 12 to 4 days. The 4-day assay in 24-well plastic plates included the time of hatch, a critical life stage of these embryos. The average 12-day LC50 in the glass Leighton tubes was 11.8% VN WSF{sub oil}. The coefficient of variation of the individual test methods were approximately 25%, showing that the repeatability was reasonable for bioassays. These results show that a 4-day assay is practical for screening for the detection of number 2 fuel oil contamination. However, the 12-day assay may be necessary for detection of developmental abnormalities.


Background: Mounting studies have shown that tumor cells have stem cell-like phenotypes called stemness. The stemness on prognosis and the immunological properties of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to explore the relationship between stemness, prognosis and immune microenvironment and further to identified potential therapeutic target related to stemness.
 Methods: The gene expression and clinical information of 1398 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma sample were obtained to calculated stemness based on the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Survival analysis was performed for stemness phenotypes and the association of stemness with clinical features was assessed further. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to screen the relevant key genes systematically for stemness of DLBCL. Cell cycle assay and apoptosis assay were used to evaluate the role of cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) inhibitors in DLBCL cell lines.
 Results: Stemness was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and progress free survival (PFS) of DLBCL patients. Notably, prolonged OS and PFS was observed in low stemness groups compared to high group, and the international prognostic index (IPI) with a high risk had higher stemness. Furthermore, DLBCL stemness were associated with tumor purity, immune score and stroma score. From stemness module, 16 genes in the co-expression were chosen as key genes and further identified CDC7 as candidate target gene for antitumor. CDC7 inhibitors involving in dequalinium chloride which was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for anti-microbial and simurosertib which in a phase I clinical trial for multiple solid tumors show antitumor in DLBCL cell line of SU-DHL-2 and SU-DHL-10.
 Conclusion: In a word, the study integrated DLBCL stemness, clinical characteristics and immunophenotyping, providing an idea of targeting for cold tumors of DLBCL, and also verified the efficacy of inhibitors of key gene of stemness CDC7 in DLBCL. It is significant to develop novel therapeutic targets for diffuse large B cell lymphoma.
 Figure Legends:
 Figure (A-B) An overview of the association between known clinical and molecular features (IPI, Hams, gender, and stage) and stemness index in DLBCL cohort. Columns represent samples sorted by stemness index from low to high (top row). Rows represent known clinical and molecular. (C-D) Overall survival and progression free survival of stemness index in DLBCL patients of GSE117556 by Kaplan-Meier analysis. (E-F) Overall survival and progression free survival of stemness index in DLBCL patients of GSE31312 by Kaplan-Meier analysis. (G-I) Boxplots of tumor purity, immune score, stromal score in individual samples stratified by stemness index. (J) WGCNA analysis of differentially expressed genes in DLBCL. Different colors correspond to related modules. (K) Correlation coefficient between the modules and clinical traits with stemness. P-values are listed in the modules. (L-N) Scatter plot analysis of different modules in the MEblue, MEbrown, and MEturquoise modules. (O) Signor analysis of 16 key genes in DisNor. (P) K-M curves of the expression of CDC7 for the DLBCL patients. (Q) Boxplots of the expression of CDC7 in individual samples stratified by Hams. (R) Apoptosis ratio of SU-DHL-10 cells were treated with dequalinium chloride and simurosertib for 48 h. Data are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. For dequalinium chloride and simurosertib compared with control an unpairedt-test was used. (S) Cell cycle of SU-DHL-10 cells were treated with dequalinium chloride and simurosertib for 48 h. Data are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. For dequalinium chloride and simurosertib compared with control an unpairedt-test was used. (T) Cell viability of SU-DHL-2 and SU-DHL-10 cells treated with dequalinium chloride and simurosertib at the IC50 concentrations. * p<0.05. ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Recent advances in the Research and development of Herbal Medicines are highlighted and a scheme for R & D work is presented. The need for adequate information (chemical, biological, botanical and so on) on local plants is highlighted. There is also the need to standardize the herbal product, prepare it in an acceptable dosage form and appraise it clinically to ensure safety. R & D work can be very expensive as its success hinges on ready availability of raw materials, access to relevant technology, analytical support, trained manpower and the availability of social facilities. Key words: Research and development, medicines, medicinal plants. Nig. J. Nat. Prod. And Med. Vol.2 1998: 9-15


The pomegranate (Punica granatum) has been known for its medicinal and nutritional benefits from time immemorial and across ancient civilizations. In addition, it is a very ancient plant that has existed since more than 3000 B.C. Pursuant to one source; it was cultivated for the first time in Iran; while another claimed it was in India or Turkey. Then it was expanded along trade routes to reach each region of the entire world. The pomegranate was highlighted in this study through a literature review in terms of its origin, classification, and description; its medicinal and therapeutic significance; the chemical content of the various pomegranate parts; and lastly, its antiparasitic activities. Pomegranate belongs to the Punicaceae family. Interestingly, it has been frequently employed in disease therapy since ancient times. Furthermore, pomegranate fruits, seeds, and peels are frequently utilized as a natural remedy in traditional medicine. Flavonoids, ellagitannins, punicalagins, ellagic acid, vitamins, minerals, and other chemical components are the most significant ingredients in this plant. Researchers have been evaluating the fruit's characteristics in recent years and have revealed encouraging findings in areas such as cardiovascular health, cancer prevention, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. The pomegranate's unique blend of antioxidants, polyphenols, and other bioactive chemicals has been demonstrated to benefit several areas of human health. In this review, the researcher highlighted the substantial role of the pomegranate as an antiparasitic agent by reviewing numerous studies performed on this topic, whether in vitro or in vivo. Despite a scarcity of research to evaluate its anti-parasitic properties, this study concluded that the pomegranate has anti-parasitic properties that are very encouraging, such as anti-amoebic, anti-anthelmintic, cryptosporicidal, leishmanicidal, giardiacial, and other anti-parasitic characteristics.


The frequency of falling among elderly and visually impaired people is constantly increasing. This problem affects a large number of people who need additional support to maintain balance and stability while walking. The objective of this study is to design a smart assistive walker device for frail & visually impaired people to reduce the risk of falling and the costly emergency interventions and hospitalizations. The proposed device is based on the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) to determine and communicate the location and the path of the person for possible action. The device contains hardware and software parts. The former, covering the electrical part of the walker with three components: Sensor, controller, output, and the later contains two components; "Map" and "Find Me" Apps. The IoT treats the information received from the sensors (position, objects, and people around) and sends commands to the controller to guide the walker to fulfill the elderly needs safely. Using the IoT concept and smart device design, we expect a reduction in the number of falls and a contribution in the prevention of disability among elderly and visually impaired people.


An attempt is made to evaluate the position of social psychology as a discipline, based on quantitative analysis of articles published in its journals. The starting point is a statement by J. A. A. van Leent that the definition of social psychology as a scientific discipline is a problem of the relations between sociology and psychology. To test this statement, an analysis is made of articles on social psychology published in 10 American journals between 1950 and 1964 and recorded in the Annual Review of Psychology. A table offers the female of inter-references per 50 articles per journal; and a sociometric, ordinal and interval-scale level analysis is made. The journals are classified into: (1) predominantly psycholical or sociological; (2) predominantly social psychological; and (3) predominantly applied social psychological. It is concluded that social psychology has a mediating position between psychology and sociol which it maintains only partially. I. Langnas.


Introduction The word motivation derives from the Latin movere, which means to move. In psychiatry, it is an isolated phenomenon found in the substrate of several pathologies, and may be part of an heterogeneous dimensional spectrum. However, there is no unique definition for it, nor a targeted approach. In addictive disorders motivation gains a fundamental role, both as a precipitant of abuse as in its withdrawal. Objectives To review the literature about the concept of motivation and its implications on the psychopathology, especially on addictive disorders. Methods Narrative review on PubMed/MEDLINE, using the keywords "motivation" AND "psychopatology" AND "addiction". Articles in English and Portuguese were included. Results Three main perspectives were found addressing the concept of motivation in psychopathological terms: psychological, neurobiological and phenomenological. The first describes motivation as the energizing of behaviour in pursuit of a goal. Neurobiology says motivational drive is dependent on the concentration of extrasynaptic dopamine. In phenomenological terms, the concept stands for the web of solicitations that make a certain situation feel in a certain way for the subject. In addictive disorders, learning about what leads to reward, exaggeration in representing those values, and dominance in being guided by those representations lead to alterations on motivation mechanisms. Conclusions Motivation is described from different perspectives. Although it is recognized as a fundamental piece in addictive disorders, besides motivational interview model, there are no pharmacological approaches aimed to improving motivation. The recognition of motivation as a concrete psychopathological alteration, and its measure through psychopathological instruments, could optimize the patient's approach.


In order to improve the accuracy and recall rate of the clustering mining process of large-scale network abnormal data and shorten the time of clustering mining, in this study, a large-scale network anomaly data clustering mining method based on selective collaborative learning is proposed. Through cooperative training and selective ensemble learning, a machine learning anomaly detection model and a strong classifier for large-scale network data are designed, and the correlation variable analysis method is used to obtain the dissimilarity measure of data. The network anomaly data is processed by fuzzy fusion, and the nearest neighbor algorithm is used to realize the clustering mining of large scale network anomaly data. The data clustering mining accuracy of this method reaches 98.16%, the time of data clustering mining is only 2.5 s, and the recall rate of data clustering mining is up to 98.38%, indicating that this method can improve the effect of large-scale network anomaly data clustering mining.


Aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of living in highly polluted areas in Malta and in Sicily on reported allergic respiratory diseases in children. Malta has a very high population density while the petrochemical industry located close to Gela is one of the main sources of industrial air pollution in Sicily. In the context of RESPIRA Project, we evaluated 2,047 schoolchildren (972 M), aged 10-15 yrs, selected from 12 junior high schools of Southern Sicily (n=1,189 evaluated subjects) and 6 of Malta (n=858). Children′s parents fulfilled an ISAAC respiratory questionnaire. Rhinitis in the last 12 months was reported by 6.6% in Italy and 7.9% in Malta (p=.05); wheeze in the last 12 months (W12m) by 7.4% in Italy and 12.7% in Malta (p Funded by Cross-border Program Italy-Malta 2007-2013 code A1.2.3-72.


Sport teacher are central fi gure for attitude, behaviour, and healthy lifestyle change of student, especially at primary school level. This research aimed to analyze nutrition intake, physical activity, nutrition knowledge, nutritional status, and physical fi tness of sport teacher in Jagakarsa subdistrict ptimary school, South Jakarta. Design of this study was cross sectional, with total subject are 53 subjects. Collected data were characteristics of subjects, weight and height, nutritional knowledge, food consumption, physical activity, and physical fi tness (YMCA step test). Data were collected using direct interview, questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and body fi tness measurement throught YMCA test. Result showed that most of sport teacher in Jagakarsa subdistrict have obesity nutritional status (41.5%), high percentage of body fat (64.1%), light physical activity (45.3%), suffi cient physical fi tness level (47.2%), and nutrition knowledge level was moderate (52%). Energy adequacy level (43.4%) and protein adequacy level (26.4%) of subject classifi ed into severe defi cits, while fat adequacy levels (39.6%) and carbohydrate adequacy levels (73.6%) classifi ed into defi cits. Spearman correlation test showed signifi cant correlation (p<0.05) between carbohydrate intake and body mass index, also signifi cant correlation (p<0.05) between body fat percentage and fi tness level based on pulse rate. Sport teacher need to care about nutritional status, food intake, and physical activity referring to balanced nutrition guidelines in order to prevent increasing obesity problem.


The utility model discloses a tubular insulating bus bar, which can be used as a low pressure side bus bar of a main transformer in a power transformer and distribution station of a power supply system. The utility model comprises a tubular conductive body, wherein the outside of the tubular conductive body is sheathed with a protective sleeve. The structure of the utility model is characterized in that an insulating layer is arranged between the tubular conductive body and the protective sleeve, a shielding layer is arranged between the insulating layer and the protective sleeve, and the shielding layer is formed by winding along the full-length of the tubular conductive body, wherein the tubular conductive body can be a copper tube and can be aluminium tube. The tubular insulating bus bar can be overhead installed and can be buried under the ground, therefore the applied range is unlimited.


Introduction: In patients susceptible to infection, after dental procedures which lead to soft tissue manipulation or bleeding, the occurrence of bacteremia is probable. Hence, antibiotic prophylaxis is very important in this group of patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of awareness of senior dental students and general dental practitioners in the city of Yazd about the indications of antibiotics prophylaxis and the proper way of prescribing the prophylactic regimens. Materials and methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. To collecting data, prepared questionnaires distributed among 60 general dentists and 60 senior students. Results: The mean of knowledge scores of senior dental students and general dentists were 55.43  and 55.06  respectively. Both groups showed acceptable levels of knowledge. Conclusion: The levels of knowledge of senior dental students and general dental practitioners were desirable and this may be due to the participation of practitioners in relevant re-training programs or allocation of related academic resources in this area during their education.


In chloride environment, drying-wetting zones in concrete structures are key regions for durability design and assessment. In the present paper, the difference of the moisture transport into concrete structures during drying and wetting cycles is taken into account by adopting different moisture diffusivity in modeling moisture transport in concrete structures. In addition, an attempt has been made to develop model of chloride penetration into concrete under combined diffusion and convection mechanisms based on the transportation of moisture model . The governing equations of chloride ingress into concrete are described particularly and solved numerically by finite element analysis in time and space domains. The comparison among the results predicted by the present numerical model, analytical solutions and experimental tests are carried out to show the reliability and the effectiveness of the proposed numerical model.


The theory of three-phase AC/AC converters, known also through their modern name, the matrix converter is presented. Analysis of the three-phase converter loaded by a passive R,L load and by an induction motor follows. The analysis was performed by means of the software package "Simulink", a dynamic system simulation tool. This simulation environment was found suited for straight forward modeling and simulation of the electronic converter and the electric drive. The switching angles needed to control the electronic converter are calculated within the same environment by means of "MATLAB". According to our knowledge this is the first time that such simulations are performed.


Sensitivity and resolution reduction as a function of eccentricity account for one of the largest sources of compression in vision. However, utilization of this visual property has been limited to systems that directly measure the viewer's gaze position. We have applied visual eccentricity models to videophone compression applications without using eye tracking by combining the visual model with a face tracking algorithm. In lieu of a gaze detector, we assume the gaze will be directed to the faces appearing in images. The incorporation of resolution as well as sensitivity-based eccentricity models in a low bit rate video-compression standard (H.263) will be discussed. For videophone applications, we achieve up to a 50% reduction in bit rate while retaining similar image quality. Problems arising from the increased temporal sensitivity of the periphery, despite its reduced spatial bandwidth, are also discussed.


Abstract : We establish the mean square consistency of running (ordinary) least squares linear regression smoothers, under realistic conditions on the joint distribution of the abscissa and ordinate (X and Y below) variables. The windows used in the running least squares fits need not be centered on the points for which they are used. In fact, we show that taking a window of points entirely to one side of a data point, fitting a line to that window and using the value of that line at the target point is consistent. It follows that the Supersmoother of Friedman and Stuetzle (1982) and the Split Linear Smoother of McDonald and Owen (1984) are both consistent. Keywords include: Smoothing; Nonparametric regression; Consistency.


The idea of the Polish scientist, Jerzy Kaliszan, regarding the omo-reference of the facts of word-formation and form-formation in the Russian language is developing on the basis of Russian urbanonyms; it has been established that the formation of targeted linear inner city objects determines the internal dynamism of the grammatical system of the language, expands the fund of verbal resources, increasing the nomination possibilities and expanding the national linguistic picture of the world.


ThyssenKrupp CSA Blast Furnaces are 3000mA³ class furnaces that have a unique profile configuration, which imposes different understandings of hearth conditions. Although the constant effort for gas flow and process heat balance stabilization, variations in the Blast Furnace operation are frequent, commonly related to hot metal and slag tapping cycles. Thereby control the liquid flow in the hearth has great influence on transport phenomena and fluctuations on the burden descent and the unusual liquid flow should be evaluated in order to control temperatures and wear. The understanding of these effects is very important to the BF performance and life spam. The coke particle size distribution shows a significant influence on the liquid flow line. Therefore, measures to change the philosophy of burden distribution were taken with a focus on control of peripheral flow. This paper shows a brief review of hearth phenomena and the results noticed at TKCSAA's Blast Furnaces.


Abstract Sinojackia sarcocarpa is an endangered plant endemic to China. Here, the complete chloroplast genome of S. sarcocarpa was sequenced and characterized. The total genome size is 158,737 bp, with a typical quadripartite structure including a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 26,090 bp) separated by a large single copy (LSC, 88,002 bp) region and a small single copy (SSC, 18,555 bp) region. The genome contains 137 genes, including 90 protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that S. sarcocarpa is closely related to Sinojackia xylocarpa and Sinojackia rehderiana, but forms an independent evolutionary branch.


Abstract This paper aims at the efficient numerical solution of stochastic eigenvalue problems. Such problems often lead to prohibitively high-dimensional systems with tensor product structure when discretized with the stochastic Galerkin method. Here, we exploit this inherent tensor product structure to develop a globalized low-rank inexact Newton method with which we tackle the stochastic eigenproblem. We illustrate the effectiveness of our solver with numerical experiments.


Currently, a difficult stage of institutionalization of self-employment in the Russian economy is taking place. The authors conducted a study of the ways of legalizing the self-employed in conditions of the development of digital technologies and assessed its role in innovative development. Self-employment, according to the authors, acts as a way of adaptation of employed and unemployed to changing socio-technical systems in the labor market. Using historical, statistical and regulatory analysis, the authors investigated the problem of determining self-employment and ways to legalize it in Russia and other countries. The article explores the relationship between its distribution and innovative development by means of the analysis of legislation regulating self-employment in different countries. Using the analysis of official statistics, the article reveals a tendency towards an increase in the number of citizens wishing to legalize their self-employment status. The article studies the legislative pilot related to the legalization of self-employment in Russia, assesses the prospects for the expansion of this pilot in terms of the appropriateness of the proposed measures. According to the professional structure, based on statistical data and expert estimates, a low proportion of people receiving professional income from intellectual work was identified and the causes of this phenomenon were determined.


Introduction: Nocturnal desaturation may contribute to long-term pulmonary vascular stress in interstitial lung disease (ILD). We studied the prevalence and prognostic utility of nocturnal desaturation across ILDs. Methods: ILD patients with overnight oximetry (January 2010-December 2013) were included (n=437; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, n=122; Connective Tissue Disease-ILD, n=48; Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, n=60; Non-specific Interstitial Pneumonia, n=56; unclassifiable, n=27; Sarcoidosis, n=66; other, n=58). Desaturation index (DI) was defined as the number of desaturation events >4%/hr. Results: DI was higher in NSIP and CTD-ILD than in IPF (p=0.03 and p=0.02 respectively). In the whole cohort, DLco and serum BNP predicted mortality (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.94, 0.96; p Conclusion: DI is more prevalent and it is a stronger predictor of mortality in immune-mediated ILDs than in IPF and may be an important manifestation of these disorders.


A CFD-based design system, CASPER (Computational Aerodynamics System for Performance Evaluation and Research), was developed at TRDI-JDA for advanced aircraft design at the next generation. In this paper, hybrid unstructured Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes computations around a military aircraft, F-16 A, powered configurations including inlet airflow and jet exhaust effects of propulsion system were carried out as a practical example by using the CASPER. In order to validate the present CFD code, the present computed results are well compared to the wind-tunnel testing data with respect to total pressure recovery ratio on engine compressor face and aft-body pressure distributions at steady state. Thus, the present hybrid unstructured Navier-Stokes code is expected to be effective as one of design tools of advanced aircraft propulsion system.


Many raised bogs in Central Europe are in an unfavorable state: drainage causes high emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O), while rewetting may result in high methane (CH4) emissions. Also, the establishment of typical bog species is often hampered during restoration. Measures like topsoil removal (TSR) or introduction of target vegetation are known to improve restoration success in other systems, but experiences on bogs after long‐term agricultural use are scarce and their climate effects including carbon losses from TSR are unknown. In a field trial in north‐western Germany, consisting of seven plots (intensive grassland, IG, and six restoration approaches), we explored the effects of rewetting, TSR and Sphagnum introduction on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We measured GHG fluxes to obtain two‐year GHG budgets and applied a radiative forcing model to assess the time‐dependent climate effects. Existing uncertainty of decomposition processes in the translocated topsoil has been incorporated by different topsoil accounting scenarios. According to our data, rewetting alone reduced CO2 emissions by approximately 75% compared to IG, but substantially increased CH4 emissions. After TSR and rewetting, on‐site CO2 emissions were close to zero or, with Sphagnum introduction, net negative while CH4 emissions remained very low. The climatic warming effect of TSR including C export becomes less climate warming than rewetting nutrient‐rich peatlands after a few decades. For raised bog restoration, we therefore recommend a TSR sufficient to achieve nutrient‐poor and acidic conditions needed for rapid Sphagnum establishment.


This post was contributed by Bennett Freeman, Senior Vice President for Sustainability Research and Policy for Calvert Investments and a Trustee of the Institute for Human Rights and Business. Bennett also served as U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor under President Clinton. Human rights have been a concern to certain investors – especially socially responsible and faith-based investors – for over three decades. The recent death of Nelson Mandela reminded us that South Africa divestment was the cause that crystallized – and galvanized – not only the power of investment to change the world but also the contribution that investors could make to the liberation of a people and nation from apartheid. That divestment movement had its echo in the face of another morally compelling human rights challenge on the same continent ten years ago, when the genocide in Darfur spurred divestment from companies supporting the government of Sudan.


This paper shows that a novel network called the fat-stack is efficient and is suitable for use as a baseline distributed network and as a crucial benchmark architecture for evaluating the performance of specific distributed networks. The fat-stack is a construct of an atomic subnetwork unit consisting of one ring and one upward link to its upper subnetwork. This simple structure makes the network scalable to closely represent a distributed network. We show that the fat-stack is efficient by proving it is universal. A requirement for the fat-stack to be universal is that link capacities double up the levels of the network. We also show how to scale the network from a VLSI graph layout to a large-scale distributed topology. Our universality proof shows that a fat-stack of area Θ(A) can simulate any competing network of area A with O(log 3


Aim: To estimate the cost of the provision of oral health services in the public health facilities in uMgungundlovu and eThekwini districts of KwaZulu-Natal during the financial year 2018/19. Materials and Methods: The study was a retrospective costing analysis using the provider's perspective for estimating the cost for the period from April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019. A mixed costing approach in which secondary data were obtained from the human resources system and the Basic Accounting System (BAS) package. Primary data that was collected at facility level included dental headcount, type of diagnosis, medication prescribed, and consumables utilized. The cost of supply for medicines were obtained for individual items commonly used by dental practitioners during consultation from the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management Unit. The costs are quoted in USD based on an average exchange of R13.25 per USD in 2018. Results: The total dental headcount across the 16 facilities was 206,309 for the 2018/19 financial year. The mean cost for dental outpatient curative care per patient per facility was $45.65 [95% confidence interval (CI): $32.88–$58.42]. The estimated total dental health expenditure across the Province based on an average unit cost per patient per facility equals to 0.86% (95% CI: 0.62%–1.10%) of the total provincial expenditure. Conclusion: The costs of dental outpatient curative care in the current study are higher than other studies and may be indicative of technical inefficiencies within the health system. We recommend that an audit of oral health services be conducted that could identify the technical inefficiencies and provide a platform for re-orientation of oral health service.


The average judgment of large numbers of people has been found to be consistently better than the best individual response. But what motivates individuals when they make collective decisions? While it is a popular belief that individual incentives promote out-of-the-box thinking and diverse solutions, the exact role of motivation and reward in collective intelligence remains unclear. Here we examined collective intelligence in an interactive group estimation task where participants were rewarded for their individual or group's performance. In addition to examining individual versus collective incentive structures, we controlled whether participants could see social information about the others' responses. We found that knowledge about others' responses reduced the wisdom of the crowd and, crucially, this effect depended on how people were rewarded. When rewarded for the accuracy of their individual responses, participants converged to the group mean, increasing social conformity, reducing diversity and thereby diminishing their group wisdom. When rewarded for their collective performance, diversity of opinions and the group wisdom increased. We conclude that the intuitive association between individual incentives and individualist opinion needs revising.


A frequent mutation at codon 97 of human hepatitis B virus core antigen has been shown to cause an "immature secretion" phenotype, featuring nonselective and excessive secretions of virions containing immature viral genome. Our current study demonstrates that this abnormality can be efficiently offset by another frequent core mutation, P130T.


This research article analyzes the current situation of food sovereignty in Ecuador linked with the Free Trade Agreement between Ecuador, Peru Colombia and the European Union (FTA), after almost four years of its entry into force, considering the impacts of the sanitary and economic crisis generated by the coronavirus pandemic in Ecuador, which has produced significant consequences for small food producers, specially in terms of poverty and inequality. In addition, this article aims to present a review of the implications that the Free Trade Agreement has had on the food sovereignty regime in Ecuador, from the economic analysis of law, analyzing whether this international instrument reduces transaction costs and is efficient in terms of food sovereignty, or whether an inalienability rule should be applied to counteract the externalities it generates in sustainable food production aligned with food sovereignty.


Many computational problems are intractable through classical computing and, as Moore's law is drawing to a halt, demand for finding alternative methods in tackling these problems is growing. Here, we propose a hardware implementable optical optimization heuristic for the NP-Hard max-3-cut problem based on a synchronized network of exciton-polariton condensates. The condensate network dynamical transients provide optically-fast annealing of the XY Hamiltonian to which we apply Goemans and Williamson random hyperplane technique, discretizing the XY ground state spin configuration to serve as ternary decision variables for an approximate optimal solution to the max-3-cut problem. Applications of our optical system are investigated in image segmentation tasks and constrained via minimization in circuit design, both showing good performance. Our work takes a step towards overcoming the limitation faced by Ising machines whose binary decision variables can only be mapped to the max-2-cut problem, whereas we realise an optical based XY machine to provide an approximate solution to the max-3-cut problem.


D3 is a JavaScript library for creating visualizations on the Web. This paper describes a D3 extension that generates area-proportional Euler diagrams from client-provided data. The library calculates the optimal sizes and positions of circles in the diagram, which the client can display with existing D3 functionality. The implementation is based on Leland Wilkenson's gradient descent algorithm. Author


One way to improve the quality of the seed from cultured fish is to increase the immune response so that it is immune to disease attacks. This study aims to increase the non-specific immune response of tilapia by giving the optimum dose of sangkareho leaf extract. The treatment given was the difference in the dose of the leaf extract, where the difference in the dose was as follows: A = dose 0 gr/kg feed, B = dose 5 gr/kg feed, C = dose 10 gr/kg feed, D = dose 15 gr /kg of feed, and E = dose of 20 g/kg of feed. The main parameters observed were the examination of the number of Hb, He, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and survival rate (SR). Blood sampling during the study was carried out on the 16th day after being given the extract of the sangkareho leaf, and infected with A. hydrophila bacteria. The results showed that the use of the extract of the bay leaf as an immunostimulant affected the number of Hb, He, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and the survival rate of tilapia infected by Aeromonas hydropila.


Piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) has attracted much attention as an approach to exploit ambient vibrational energy to power self-sustained devices. Among the proposed interface circuits for PEH, Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Capacitor (SSHC) rectifier distinguishes itself since it achieves high power efficiency while requires no inductor. The power SSHC can extract is a function of the voltage flip efficiency. In previous studies the flip efficiency is given only under particular condition, which limits the analysis and design of SSHC circuits. This paper presents the derivation of a generic flip efficiency expression. From the result, a novel capacitor-scaling design is proposed which can reduce the total switched capacitance by up to 50% while achieving the same performance (or to enhance performance while maintaining the total capacitance). This is particularly preferred for a fully integrated design and can validated by simulations implemented in a 0.18 m. CMOS BCD technology.


Cost-outcome analysis is somewhat like growing old. You know there are many problems associated with it, but it does not seem bad at all when you consider the alternative (Sharp, 1979).


A semiclassical model of charge transport in a semiconductor superlattice is solved, using moments in the wavenumber direction and finite elements in the spatial direction (first order). The selection of numerical methods guarantees the conservation of current while allowing for high accuracy results. When a dc voltage bias is held between the ends of the sample, self-sustaining oscillations of the current through the superlattice are observed in a narrow range of voltages. the calculated solution displayed the expected accuracy: Spectral convergence in the number of moments used, and first-order convergence in the number of grid-cells. This result paves the way for higher-order methods (in the spatial direction) and the numerical solution of more complex models of charge transport including quantum models based on the Wigner function.


We construct arithmetic modules for signal processing with sigma-delta modulated signal form which has advantage in signal quality over other pulsed signal forms. In the second part of this paper, multi-input multipliers are presented first. Secondly, dividers and square root function modules with the multiplier on their internal feedback path are constructed. Combined use of the multipliers, dividers, and the square root functions creates various algebraic functions including polynomial and rational functions. Only two bit-manipulations, bit-permutation with sorting networks and bit-reversal with NOT gates, have built up all the algebraic operations on any form of SD modulated signals. These modules, together with transcendental functions presented in the first part of this paper, organize an extensive module library for the sigma-delta domain signal processing. The multiplier output contains noise components which originate from quantization. The noise power can decrease in exchange for circuit complexity. A time-division multiplexing technique based on N-tone sigma-delta modulation is applied to the multipliers for reducing the complexity. Signal processing circuits built of nanometer-scale quantum effect devices must be equipped with fault tolerance of transient device error. By computer simulation of a multiplier built of single-electron tunneling devices, we found that the multiplier decreased its output SNDR from 43 to 27 dB at an OSR of 28 as the device error rate increased from 0 to 10-3. However, the multiplier was never functionally failed during the simulation.


In this paper, the near-state pulse width modulation (NSPWM), adapted to be used in dual-voltage source inverter (VSI) fed open-end load, is introduced primarily aiming to appreciably minimize the voltage total harmonic distortion (THD). Within the framework of the proposed method, the active time of pulses at the second inverter is relatively adjusted within switching interval (compared to the first VSI). The phase voltage harmonics are formulated for dual-inverter modulated by NSPWM; then, optimal adjustment is identified via a three-dimensional curve of phase voltage THD versus modulation index (MI) and phase angle displacement (PAD). Due to the limitation of MI in NSPWM, the desired output voltage is synthesized with modifying not only MI but also PAD between references of two VSIs. Furthermore, NSPWM inherently takes advantage of better efficiency compared to conventional space vector modulation due to switching only two phases within an interval (by clamping one phase to positive/negative dc-rail). The dual-VSI supplied by two isolated dc sources is assembled in the laboratory to experimentally evaluate the THD reduction feature of the proposed method; also, the simulation results obtained by means of a MATLAB/Simulink environment show close agreement with experimental data.


Electric Circuits is one of mandatory courses in electrical engineering. This course consists of basic electronic components, modeling concept and circuit analysis in direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) which are fundamental for varies advance courses. However, this course gives a significant contribution to student's failure at every term. The data, from last term, show that 16.02% of 256 students got D, E and T (DET) grade. That is exceed 15%, a standard set by Telkom University. This research proposes a fusion method between Learning Together method (LT) and software (LTSPICE) simulation. LT method's aim is to leveling knowledge for each student meanwhile software simulation's is to give a better understanding for students and verify their work. The purpose of this research is to find a suitable learning method which can reduce DET index and to increase student's achievement in electric circuits course at Telkom University. This research is an action research which is designed in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four steps: Planning, Acting, Observing and Reflecting. The research data are obtained from observation form, assignment and exam results (pretest and posttest). These results showed that the proposed method can increase student's achievement about 3% in final exam compared with a mid-term exam and it successfully decreased DET index about 5% compared to previous term results. Keywords—learning together technique, action research, engineering education


Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which is a collection of symptoms that arise because of increase of a person's blood glucose levels above normal values and requires regular treatment. Patient adherence is very important to reduce the risk of the occurrence of complications in diabetes mellitus patient. This research aims to determine the patient adherence in taking diabetes medication with two different methods, namely Pill count and MMAS-8, as well as see correlation between the two methods. The method of this research is using cross sectional with non-probability sampling methods, conducted on 21 outpatients in Sidoarjo Hospital. Based on the results of the study, adherence measurement using pill count was obtained 14 respondents adherent (66.67%) and non-adherent respondents was 7 (33.33%), while the result of MMAS-8 method was 8 respondents (38.10%) with high adherence, 10 respondents (47.62%) with intermediate adherence and 3 respondents (14.29%) with poor adherence. Comparison between methods of pill count and MMAS-8 carried out using the SPSS statistical program, and obtained results by as much as 50% has the value expected count less than 5, so it does not qualify to do test chi square (χ2). Therefore, the fisher exact test was done as the alternative way by viewing the exact-sig value in the column fisher exact-test and obtained the value of 0.247 with a significance value of 0.05 so there was no correlation between the measurements result of adherence with the method MMAS-8 and pill count.


--- The 21 st century skills include 3 main skills and 12 sub skills are indispensable in teaching English particularly for engineering students. Globalization has intensified the demands for communicative engineers having soft skills such as effective communication, cooperation, teamwork, project management, lifelong learning that become the requirements of industries and professional organizations. This descriptive-evaluative research aims at describing the procedure of teaching 21 st century skills to Engineering students through Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and evaluating PjBL from student's voice. The research subjects involved 37 Civil Engineering students of a private engineering institute in Surabaya city. They were instructed to develop English online magazine as their group-projects. Guided using socio semiotic approach, the students eventually could publish three online magazines containing Civil engineering news at the end of semester. The results also revealed that the students learned and experienced a lot about 12 skills of 21 st century skills. Moreover, through PjBL, their English language skills developed well specifically in reading, speaking, and writing ones when addressing issues related to Civil Engineering.


This arrice analyzes the behavior of a consrruction executive Juan Canals, in the city of Rosario during the second half of the 1 9th century. Ir studies the projecrs he submirted to the municipaliry for the consrmcrion of slaughter houses and wholesale markers in 1889. Particular arrention is paid ro the economic and rela- rional srrategies used by this executive. The author analyzes bis polirical links and rhe way this proposal is relared ro rhe rest of bis business. The imporrance of rhis arrice lies in its contriburion ro rhe knowledge of construcrion execurives which has rarely been explored by Argentinean hisroriography.


Diagnosis of cases of chronic osteomyelitis with a minimum one month history, without the cardinal signs of infection, and with a radiological appearance of tumour is difficult. Definitive diagnosis can be obtained by biopsy. We have performed open biopsy on six cases with clinical and radiological signs of tumour and histoIogical examination revealed chronic osteomyelitis. Curettage and for three weeks intravenous and further three to six weeks oral antibiotic administration according to antibiogram was the choice of treatment in these patients.


Cloned murine cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) having defined specificity were triggered by the phorbol ester PMA + a calcium ionophore (either A23187 or Ionomycin) to lyse syngeneic or third party target cells efficiently. Neither PMA nor calcium ionophore alone induced efficient lysis. The characteristics of the lytic process induced by these signals are similar to those of antigen specific or lectin facilitated lysis by CTL: lysis is calcium and temperature dependent, and shows directionality and kinetics similar to lysis mediated via the antigen receptor. Helper T lymphocytes were not induced by these agents to lyse target cells efficiently. Activation of L3 CTL clone lysis by PMA + ionophore differed from antigen-mediated activation in specificity and in susceptibility to inhibition by cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of antigen mediated conjugate formation. Anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies inhibited antigen-mediated, lectin-facilitated, or PMA + ionophore induced lysis. Anti-Lyt-2 and anti-receptor antibodies had little if any effect on lysis induced by PMA + ionophore. The triggering of lysis with PMA + ionophore appears to involve intracellular signals similar to those involved in lysis mediated by the antigen receptor.