On the basis of analyzing the development of Chinese sports industry and combining the changes of colleges and universities' sports industry after joining WTO through the documents and materials, the paper proposes the development idea of colleges and universities sports industry under present economic circumstances. It s that we should make full use of present human and material resources and exploit the inside school market to radiate the society. Meanwhile, we should train the sports economics talents and optimize the industry structure.


Metal coating process is a lot of choices to improve the quality of materials from metals and non-metals. This is due to the metal coating process, the quality of the material can be maintained both in terms of quality and glossiness. Metal or electroplating coating processes are also used for protection against corrosion attacks and for decorative purposes. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of immersion time, voltage, and distance of the electrode on the work piece layer thickness and glossiness resulting from metal coating. While the benefits of this study as a reference material for coating methods with various process variables by industry parties engaged in metal coating with electroplating techniques. The research variables are time: 15; 20; and 25 minutes, Voltage: 3; 4.5; and 6 volts, and the electrode distance: 10; 15; and 20 cm, other variables were made constant. The work piece used was made of steel metal the size of the plate size = 200 × 30 × 5 mm3 totalling 54 pieces. The research method used was an experiment with a 3 × 3 × 3 research design. The results of the study can be concluded that the longer the immersion time, the greater the voltage; and the closer the anode-cathode distance, it will affect the thicker the work piece surface layer resulting from metal coating. The smallest thickness of the surface layer was 4.5 um to the largest 10.1 um. In addition, the greater the thickness of the work piece surface layer as a result of metal coating, the greater the number of glossiness. The smallest glossiness number was 125 lux and the biggest glossiness number was 152 lux.


The thesis opens with an exposition of different uses of the term dyslexia. In that context its conceptual relevance is discussed. The empirical studies investigate a) different aspects of validity ...


The issues of air warming and water pollution, destroying of species-rich forests, species extinction, soils damaging and many others are crucial nowadays and must be solved by modern society. A lot of ecological problems are being considered and discussed by ecologists and biologists.


With the emergence of the villager's autonomy system, the urban community autonomy has made a breakthrough, which has become a most fundamental and dynamic ingredient of the reforms in the Chinese political system and democratization. The two forms of autonomy shares a succession in time, a homogeneity in contents, a reference in forms, and an interaction in consequences. However, with differences in background and environment, the two forms of autonomy may be discriminated by the respective features in the background of institutional evolution, organizational structure and operational system, and the developmental tendency. In general, villagers' autonomy is strongly motivated with a tense outer environment, while urban community autonomy is weakly motivated with a lax outer environment.


The measurement of suspended solid concentration profiles in dry weather wastewater of the "Le Marais" combined sewer network, Paris, has shown an increase in concentration in the lower part of the sewer's flow (1–3 g/\il). To obtain a precise description of the composition of the water-sediment interface, an observation system was set up, which showed that an immobile layer composed of fibers and organic matter formed at the bottom of trunks over the coarse mineral deposits. The concentration profiles obtained result from the removal of this layer by aspiration. Samples were taken from this organic layer using a specially adapted system. The accumulation rate of the organic layer is 215 g/(m\U2.\Nday). The particles of this organic layer are heavily loaded with pollutants (volatile solids to suspended solids = 66–75%). This layer is located at points where the shear stress is <0.1 N/m². Flush experiments have shown that it can be eroded by small rainfall events. When these results are extrapolated over the whole catchment area by mapping the organic layer, they show that the organic layer is stored in the same quantities as the mass eroded during a rainfall event in the sewer system and it can therefore contribute to pollution in urban storm-water discharge.


In resource limited settings accurate respiratory rate (RR) measurement directly informs medical decision-making for children with respiratory problems.1 Counting RR remains a challenge: it may not be done 2 or gives rise to highly disparate values despite the use of RR counters.3 Technological solutions may permit more children to have assessments and may alter clinical decisions. A hand-held pulse oximeter with integrated RR measurement (Rad-G, Masimo, Irvine California) in 97 children reported good agreement between measurements of the device and pediatricians.


Biomass gasification technolgy was studied in an up draft gasifier under oxygen enriched air. The effects of catalysts,such as Na 2CO 3,CaO,on gas heat value and tar cracking were investigated.From the experimental data the optimal technology parameters are follows:gasifying temperature 700-800 ℃,feeding rate 140-160 kg/h and gas output 200-220 Nm 3/h.The use of catalysts and oxygen enriched air in the experiment can increase gas heat value and reduce tar in the gas remarkably. The biomass gasification technology with oxygen enriched air is feasible and economical. The maximum heat value of gas produced by sawdust is as high as 9.93 MJ/Nm 3.


The Supreme Court of Canada is considering whether to strike down the Criminal Code prohibitions on assisted dying. The Quebec legislature has passed "An Act respecting end-of-life care" to permit medical aid in dying. Draft legislation has been introduced in both the House of Commons and the Senate. Professor Jocelyn Downie will talk about these major developments in the law on assisted dying, and invite us to think about some of the open questions still to be answered.


Worldwide about half a million women die as results of complications of pregnancy and childbirth.1 We have been
impressed that the same obstetric conditions that kill mothers are also responsible for most of the stillbirths and many of
the neonatal deaths as well.2 Maternal mortality is a vital index of the effectiveness of obstetric services prevailing in country. The study aims at
identifying the Incidence and predictors of maternal and perinatal mortality among the maternal near miss cases. In our study we found that there
were 204 cases of severe maternal affection with 26 cases (12.74%) of maternal mortality and 176 cases (86.27%) of perinatal mortality. We can
conclude that our study helps in identifying the risk factors that has an effect on the health of both mother and baby


The postgraduate classroom teaching,which shares the same characteristics with undergraduate classroom teaching,is a problem universally existing in postgraduate education.The author makes some breakthrough in traditional postgraduate classroom teaching model by establishing the displacement research teaching model,attaches importance to the cultivation of comprehensive quality and creation ability of postgraduates.A teaching process structure of "selection of program——lessons,lectures and examination paper prepared by students——instruction,attendance and review by the teaching——discussion between teacher and students,debate among students——examination" is also the basic thought of displacement research teaching model.


(1) Cases like Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories 2 need not be understood as supplanting causation-based liability with risk-creation liability. (2) Evidentiary considerations in fact played a leading role in Sindell, and, if properly interpreted, could explain both Sindell and certain forms of market-share liability in a manner that fully retains traditional causation notion rules, and does not depend on any novel risk-creation principles. (3) The rationale underlying Sindell and certain forms of market-share liability shares a great deal with the principles underlying Summers v. Tice, 3 which is regarded as quite uncontroversial.


We propose a user experience model that incorporates interaction as an aesthetic quality and discuss the impact of physical behavior on the perceived pragmatic and hedonic quality of software. In an exploratory study we evaluated the effect of physical behavior on user experience.


CD attached with book,which is a new type of literature collected by library,is an undivided part of the book.Connecting with the present situation of the catalogue of CD attached with books in Yuncheng College's library,this paper reveals some shortages in the management of CD attached with books,and probes into some measures for strengthening the management of CD attached with books including adopting the network management pattern of CD attached with books,making use of 856 field,and strengthening the skill cultivation for librarians AND the hardware construction of library.


Marcel Duchamp is generally considered as the first artist having worked on chance in his work, in particular with his masterpiece of 1913, "Trois Stoppages Etalon". However, in 1894, about twenty years before Marcel Duchamp, August Strindberg had already studied and experiented chance in his artistic work when he published a small book entitled Du Hasard dans la production artistique. In this book, Strindberg evokes his funny experiments concerning chance, in music, in painting and in sculpture, and explains how he discovered the creative potential of chance, whether it is the fruit of a conscious process or not. Strindberg can really be called an avant-gardist artist, for example when he praises an abstract and informal art, improvising "a theory of the automatic art" with the manipulation "by chance" of his tools and his musical instruments, fifty years before an artist like John Cage.This article will focus on the theoretical and plastic ways of the creative chance in this short text, which is as interesting as prophetic.


The article introduces the development of Indian' s professional education in historic background and present situation including types, management, teachers' training and problems involved in vocational schools, in order to be helpful to the development of our country' s vocational education.


We used a mouse expressing a light‐sensitive ion channel in β‐cells to understand how α‐cell activity is regulated by β‐cells. Light activation of β‐cells triggered a suppression of α‐cell activity via gap junction‐dependent activation of δ‐cells. Mathematical modelling of human islets suggests that 23% of the inhibitory effect of glucose on glucagon secretion is mediated by β‐cells via gap junction‐dependent activation of δ‐cells/somatostatin secretion.


With rising rates of obesity among postsecondary students, students with high body mass indices increasingly ask schools to accommodate their needs by providing classroom, housing, and educational accommodations ranging from special furniture to very large horses in equestrian programs. Although as a matter of course many institutions accommodate these students, their underlying assumption that morbid obesity is a disability within the meaning of Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act appears to be incorrect.


There have been several attempts to build lexico-conceptual resources by extension of the English WordNet, i.e. by means of translation of English synsets. However, the extension approach is arguable because it assumes that the target resource is isomorphic to English WordNet. Yet, some languages, such as English and Arabic, can be very different. The problem would be to know, first, whether they conceptualize reality in the same way; and if not, to identify different concepts types. The mapping of a lexical resource of a different language onto Princeton WordNet of English (PWN) answers these questions. The experiment, in this article, describes results obtained from mapping the Arabic dictionary, $\mathbf{al=q\bar{a}m\overline{u}s\ al=muh\bar{i}t}$, onto English WordNet and SUMO (Standard Upper Merged Ontology), also developed for the English language.


Attention has been drawn to the extensive research on radio wave-propagation and the ionosphere done by the Japanese during the recent war [see 1 of "References" at end of paper]. The Japanese, owing to the large number of ionospheric stations they operated, were able to delineate very well the essential characteristics of the ionosphere over eastern Asia and the western Pacific. As a result of their observations, together with the generally available observations made in other parts of the world before the war, the Japanese made the first known study of the longitude-effect in the F2-layer characteristics. They attributed the effect to geomagnetic influences.


Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a very common and serious condition that can lead to or complicate many health problems.Solving this problem by nonpharmacologic, it is needed to bedeveloped, for example with consuming star fruit juice. Star fruit (AverrhoaCarambola) is rich in Vitamin C, and contains high levels of potassium and low in sodium which has the effect of lowering blood pressure. This study aimed to determine the effect of star fruit juice to the reduction of blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients.  The study used a pre-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design with 10 respondents selected by purposive sampling. The results showed that systolic blood pressure in statistical analysis showed that p=0.000 (p˂ 0.05) means that Hypotheses received or systolic blood pressure between before and after consumption star fruit juice significantly their influence. That the diastolic blood pressure in statistical analysis showed that p=0.001 (p˂0.05), which means that Hypotheses received or systolic blood pressure between before and after consumption star fruit juice significantly their influence.The result is expected to give any benefit for the society and become one of the solutions to treat the hypertension suffers.


The aim. To investigate the course, quality of life and risk factors depending on gender in patients with stable isch-emic coronary disease, multivascular coronary injury and reduced left ventricular systolic function
Materials and methods. In a one-center study of the Ukrainian Children's Cardiac Center, Clinic for Adults analyzed data from 107 patients with coronary artery disease, multivascular coronary artery injury and reduced left ventricular systolic function (LV EF below 35%), who underwent complete revascularization from January until December 2020. Among those surveyed were 67 (62.6%) men and 40 (37.4%) women aged 54 to 83 years. Myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 95 (88.7%) patients. Hypertension was diagnosed in 50 (74.6%) men and 35 (87.5%) women. Diabetes was registered in 13 (19.4%) men and 14 (35.0%) women.
Results and discussion. According to the multivariate analysis, the most significant factors in reaching the endpoint during the annual follow-up after CABG and PCI were: worse left ventricular systolic function; the presence of diabetes mellitus; and lack of postoperative statin therapy.
Conclusion. Gender features in long-term results after myocardial revascularization were revealed. Women were more likely to complain of angina in the postoperative period and rather hospitalized than men, but they were less likely to undergo myocardial revascularization. The quality of life after CABG and PCI in female patients was slightly reduced compared to that in men. After the intervention, men were less likely to take statins than women. Regardless of the type of myocardial revascularization in women, LV EF was higher than in men.


This paper proposes a novel bi-directional inverter, named series ac-link inverter. This three-phase inverter belongs to a new class of partial resonant ac-link converters in which the link is formed by a series ac inductor/capacitor (LC) pair having low reactive ratings. The input and output of this converter can be either dc, ac, single-phase, or multi-phase. Therefore, they can appear as dc-dc, dc-ac, ac-dc, and ac-ac configurations. In all of these configurations the ac capacitor is the main energy storage element, and the inductor is merely added to facilitate the zero current turn-off of the switches and their soft turn-on. Due to zero current turn-off of the switches in the proposed converter, the use of SCRs with natural commutation is possible as well. Since the current and voltage of the link are both alternating, no bulky dc electrolytic capacitors are required in this converter. This paper mainly focuses on bidirectional dc to three-phase ac conversion. This single-stage inverter can step-up or step down the voltage in a wide range. If galvanic isolation is required a single-phase high-frequency transformer can be added to the link. In the proposed inverter the power can flow in both directions and therefore, it is an excellent candidate for battery-utility interface and electric vehicle applications. In this paper the principles of the operation of the proposed inverter along with its design and analysis is studied. Moreover, the performance of the proposed configuration is evaluated in this paper. Both simulation and experimental results are included in this paper.


Abstract: Clothing and accessories were used by the people to articulate the tremendous social and cultural richness of the civilization. Mughal Emperor Akbar's biography 'Akbar Nama' (1595) is taken into account to understand the relationship between social status and clothing. A qualitative research method was used to identify the social roles and their honour, power, and status shown through their attires. The literature and the miniatures are studied parallelly to find out the details such as important figures and events illustrated in the miniatures, and later purposively selected figures were meticulously examined, putting forward their outer, and inner garments, headgear, shoes, accessories, and embellishments. The fabrics, materials, and colours are also taken into account as they are used according to the norms and conventions. Emperors, royals, governors, army men, servers, and entertainers figures show a transformation in their dress according to their profession, education level, religion, and economic social positioning. By examining the social and symbolic roles of clothing, we can gain insight into antiquity, and the purpose of the inscribed literature and miniatures.


This work investigates entrepreneurship research centers, and analyzes their research performance. Studies on the determinants of performance of research centers have mainly focused on science and technology, while entrepreneurship has been so far neglected. Through an analysis of 46 centers worldwide, we focus on entrepreneurship research and the role of centers, by discussing how knowledge transfer mechanisms and research orientation affect research performance. Our findings contribute to shed light on the divergence of methodologies and approaches characterizing entrepreneurship research; they also corroborate the view that centers enable a ''compound Matthew-effect'', according to which knowledge transfer to external stakeholders, after controlling for research orientation of the center, does foster and enrich research performance.


very vintage the guide to vintage patterns and clothing is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the very vintage the guide to vintage patterns and clothing is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Neotyphodium lolii, an endophytic fungus of perennial ryegrass, deters Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis, an important insect pest of pastures in New Zealand. Deterrence is apparently due to several alkaloids the fungus produces. We asked if the fungus also affects the third trophic level. Specifically, we tested if several different isolates of the fungus altered the growth and survival of the parasitoid, Microctonus hyperodae. Adult weevils were collected from paddocks near Lincoln, New Zealand and maintained in an environmental chamber. Weevils were assorted into treatment groups and fed perennial ryegrass (cv. Nui) lacking endophyte infection (nil) or containing one of the following endophyte strains: ARW, AR1, AR6, AR37. All endophyte strains differed from one another with respect to the profile of alkaloids they produce. Following two weeks of acclimation, weevils were placed with M. hyperodae to allow for parasitization. Weevils were then placed into Petri dishes (10 per dish) and fed grass clippings from the appropriate treatment group. We collected weevils as they died and dissected them to assess the development of parasitoids. Emergence of prepupae from hosts and survival to adulthood were also recorded. Fungal isolates did not differ in their influence on weevil feeding or survival. In contrast, the effect of the endophyte on the parasitoid varied among isolates of the fungus. Isolates ARW and AR6 reduced parasitoid adult emergence relative to nil endophyte. In contrast, AR37 had no negative effect on survival of the parasitoid. Furthermore, an index of developmental rate showed that parasitoids developed more slowly when reared from hosts fed grass containing any of the strains of N. lolii, except AR37, compared to endophyte-free grass. Negative effects of the endophyte on parasitoid survival were associated with the presence of ergovaline while effects on parasitoid development rate were associated with the presence of any alkaloid.


The present work continues a series of studies concerning ludic competence/ playfulness by means of psycholinguistic instruments and is devoted to description of the behaviour pattern of the ludic position "Diplomat", which corresponds to flirting as one of the components of playfulness.
The key research method is psycholinguistic experiment whose main stage is the controlled association experiment (CAE) with the stimulus "flirting person". The sample consisted of 215 young respondents (age 21-35).
The instructions for the controlled association experiment was developed in the frame of the parametric concept of I.A. Sternin. 23 questions (semantic features) were formulated. They were recognized as relevant to communication for the stimulus "flirting person" and allowed to obtain the material for describing the behaviour pattern of ludic position Diplomat ("flirting person") reflecting the reality of linguistic consciousness of native speakers.
This study presents the results of cluster analysis of two association fields built for the following semantic features: "What is the person's gender?" and "What is the person's appearance?".
The results of cluster analysis of the association field built for the semantic feature "What is the person's gender?" indicate that in the linguistic consciousness of the inhabitants of Ukraine, the overwhelming majority of respondents (93%) accept the binary concept of gender, for 3% of respondents gender does not matter, and only one respondent considers the transgender identity.
The analysis of the association field built for the semantic feature "What is the person's appearance?" allows us to assert that the absolute majority of respondents (78%) demonstrates an emotionally positive attitude towards "flirting person".


THE INFLUENCE OF ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT APPROACHES ON YIELD AND POPULATION STATUS OF INTERMIXING LAKE WHITEFISH POPULATIONS By Yang Li Recent evidence suggests that lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) populations in lakes Huron and Michigan now intermix considerably during non-spawning periods, while lake whitefish stocks continue to be largely treated as discrete, independent units for management and assessment purposes, and stock status is usually assessed in each unit annually. The goals of my thesis were to: 1) compare fishery management performance and assessment estimation performance based on the current spatial structure for assessments (assuming non-mixing unit stocks) and two alternative approaches to addressing mixing among stocks, and 2) evaluate changes in performance that might results from less frequent assessments. The current target mortality rate (65%) was maintained in both chapters. I modeled the dynamics of four intermixing, age-structured populations using a management strategy evaluation framework to evaluate assessment approaches and frequencies. In chapter 1, I found that the relative performance of pooled and separate population assessments depends on mixing rates and productivity. While pooling can sometimes be advantageous, it can also sometimes lead to substantial overfishing, likely due to bias or inappropriate allocation among areas. In chapter 2, the results showed that compared to other things, like the actual mixing among areas and the choice of how to account for spatial structure, the frequency of assessment had modest effects. When conducting an annual assessment, removing the 1-year lag had little influence. My results suggest that conducting assessments every three or five years should be considered as part of a management strategy and may allow analytical efforts to be directed in other ways. Copyright by YANG LI 2013


For many countries, children's television plays a vital role in national cultural representation. Australia with a population of 22m people has had state supports including local content quotas for children's television since the late 1970s. Despite its important role in national cultural representation Australian children's television—particularly high cost, scripted drama—has always been viewed internationally. Indeed, ever since iconic drama Skippy (1967), Australian children's television has relied on international investment and sales to cover its costs. Thus producers have become adept at using Australian landscapes to create a distinctive and appealing 'Brand Australia' for international audiences. This paper examines the ways in which Australian beach locations offer both an aesthetic and an economic advantage to producers. It analyses the interactions between location, infrastructure, policy settings, and the international appetite for Australian children's television in local production ecologies. It shows too that despite the international success of Australian children's television with a distinctive aesthetic, live action drama as a genre faces significant funding pressures in digital regimes.


Finding suitable materials with low Drude losses for plasmonic applications at mid-infrared wavelengths is challenging. Highly doped Germanium and Germanium Tin alloys have been investigated to that end but are difficult to utilize at wavelengths closer to the near infrared region. In this work, we present results on the fabrication and optical characterization of Titanium and Nickel comb antennas. Extinction spectra were obtained via Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and verified via Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation. The measured spectra show distinct extinction peaks in the range between $\boldsymbol{4\ \mu\mathrm{m}}$ and 11 μm which can be correlated to a plasmonic mode forming at the antenna substrate interface showing that it is possible to excite localized plasmonic modes at the interface between such antennas and a Silicon substrate.


A 4-D study is intended to highlight changes in the reservoir caused by fluid extraction and movement. Other regions within the data should have an unchanged seismic response. In practice, residual seismic signal is normally seen throughout the survey area after differencing. From the perspective of 4-D seismic, this unwanted residual signal can be considered noise; this residual noise can dominate any genuine 4-D signal if unwanted differences exist between each survey and may indicate that the 4-D signal is unreliable.


A s attested by this paper's long list of coauthors, bioar-chaeological research in China involves a substantial collaborative network linking institutions and specialists in zooarchaeology, mortuary analysis, ceramic analysis, as well as physical anthropology. Although the majority of bioarchaeological projects carried out in China over the past decade have focused on changes in community health over time (e.g., Eng 2007; Pechenkina et al. 2007), we would like to underscore the capacity of human skeletal remains to provide evidence that allows for reconstructing many aspects of behavior and for tracking the effects of sociocultural change. A human skeleton recovered from an archaeological context is an invaluable source of information about the past. While still an integral component of a living person, bone tissue responds to a wide range of external influences, recording many of the events of life. Changes in bones and teeth can be provoked by a variety of experiences, including accidents, display and identity-related practices, acts of cruelty or mercy, certain kinds of occupational-related physical activity— or the lack thereof— as well as by childbirth, aging, the effects of climatic shifts, pathogen invasion, and/or the specifics of food composition, caloric intake, and cooking techniques, among other things. Inevitably modified by the individual's behavior during life, a human skeleton recovered from an archaeological context is, in a manner of speaking , an artifact. In ancient China, many cultural practices were aimed specifically at artificial modification of bones and teeth. The most renowned such practice was footbinding, which appeared rather late in the full temporal span of Chinese civilization, apparently during the time of the Southern Tang Dynasty toward the end of the first millennium A.D. Footbinding profoundly affected the shape of the toe bones, resulting in their thinning and a loss of bone density. Bioarchaeological research has yet to address the full specifics of the timing, introduction, and expansion of this practice among the different social strata and ethnic groups enmeshed in the world of imperial China during the second millennium A.D. Artificial body modification in China was not limited to foot-binding. Artificial cranial deformation (Han 1980), extraction or ablation of the lateral incisors (Han and Nakahashi 1996; Han and Pan 1982), and trephination (Han and Chen 1999) all were of much greater antiquity. Each of these practices seems to have originated in a different part of China during the Late Neolithic. As one result of skeletal and archaeological analysis …


Multi‐photon microscopy has increased our understanding of T‐cell behaviour during the initiation of primary immune responses. In this issue of Immunology a study uses real‐time imaging of lymph nodes to observe and compare the early events in naive, tolerized and primed CD4 T‐cell responses.


Autonomous vehicles require an accurate understanding of the underlying motion of their surroundings. Traditionally this understanding is acquired using optical flow algorithms on camera images, RADAR sensors which measure velocity directly or by object tracking through various sensors. We propose a novel method to estimate point-wise 3D motion vectors from LiDAR point clouds using fully convolutional networks trained and evaluated on the KITTI dataset. Besides, we show how this motion information can be used to efficiently estimate odometry. We demonstrate that our approach achieves significant speed ups over the current state of the art.


ABSTRACT A computerized planning and evaluation system for cable logging operations is described. Interactive graphics are employed. The engineer can view the area to be logged, select locations of corridors, and query the system for various output options such as system mechanics and time to log for any particular logging plan.


The recent development of e-learning platform has provided the learning environment with exciting experiences to teach a various and massive learners population using MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) platforms such as edX, Coursera, etc. A large user uses these platforms to enhance their competency and improve their skills. Numerous platform of MOOC has been implemented in higher education institution, and the public debate about MOOC is growing; is the platform relevant to be formal education or not. Therefore, this research objective is to explore the MOOC's features, particularly, to identify the difference platform of edX and Coursera. Those platforms have the most significant number of learners; in learner's perspectives through the Resource Activity Support Evaluation (RASE) pedagogical method and learning activity components, which consists of Absorb, Do, Connect activity. The study conducted at a private university in Indonesia with 60 students as respondents and they were also involved in experiments activity to use MOOC's platform. This study used quantitative approach to identify the difference platform between edX and Coursera. The significant results from this study can open mind the researcher to understand the uniqueness of MOOC's platform particularly in edX and Coursera, and it also can be considered as a starting finding toward advanced research in education technology area for the higher education institution.


The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the impacts of actors, such as teachers, administration, and classmates, as well as factors including website/apps/systems and supporting issues, on the dependent variable, which is the successful implementation of online education. Primary data was collected from 203 respondents using a questionnaire with 30 items divided into six constructs. Structural equation modeling using SmartPLS was applied to determine the effects of actors and factors on successful online education. The findings reveal that Website/Apps/Online System and Supporting Tools and Issues have a positive and significant impact on the Role of Teacher (RT), Role of Administration, and Role of Classmates (RC), respectively. Additionally, the RT and RC positively and significantly influence Satisfaction or Intention to continue online education. The study's originality lies in the identification of three mediation effects through structural equation modeling, which is novel within the similar category of studies.


: This study presents the results observed in the production of the phoneme The communicative situation in which the realizations were obtained was a semi-structured interview, with the purpose of obtaining data which approaches a spontaneous mode of speech. It was found that the largest number of phonemes realizing the phoneme /r/ occurred as approximant, alveolar, voiced [ɹ] sounds, regardless of the geographical place of residence of the participants and their gender. Additionally, the results from this study were compared to those obtained from the same participants in a read-aloud task (Retamal & Soto-Barba, 2017).


A widely used hydraulic power assisted recirculating ball steering system is modeled mathematically, and then the concept of equivalent torque of hydraulic assisted pressure acting on the worm is developed .Using these as tools ,we analyze the rigidity of this steering system as well as the steering sensitivity of automobiles equipped with such a steering system.Then a few important evaluation parameters are discussed about their changing trend against the pressure gain of steering control valve, so the importance of the pressure gain is displayed. These can enable designers to conduct a quantitative analysis of the performances of automobiles with such a steering system and also help the design work.


Juvenile Delinquency and crime is a worldwide phenomenon. Until recently, Pakistan authorities have realized the magnitude of juvenile crime and evinced keen interest in scientific and empirical studies on juvenile's crime, its causes, prevention/control and rehabilitation. Thus, the juvenile delinquency would be a serious threat to social and moral fabric of the society in the near future. The study was conducted at Faisalabad and Bhawalpur Districts in Punjab Province, where two Borstal Institutions and Juvenile Jails are located for juvenile's rehabilitation. In all, 221 juvenile convicts in both jails were taken for data collection through a well-structured and pretested questionnaire. The results revealed that parent's conflict, community environment, father's nagging attitude and media positively influence the juvenile crime. However, the family income as binary variable provided inconclusive evidence. The study suggests that conflict between parents must be minimized through awareness campaign, counseling, and peer pressure through media and community participation.


AbstractIn Britain immediately after the First World War there were widespread social and political challenges to the old liberal order. In the face of these tensions, Peace Day celebrations designed to demonstrate national consensus were arranged throughout Britain in July 1919. In Luton, Bedfordshire, Peace Day ended in a riot during which the Town Hall was set ablaze. The riot has been portrayed as an ex-servicemen's protest, but closer analysis based on court records, government intelligence briefings and newspaper reports indicates that wider grievances were important such as housing, unemployment and the post-war position of women. Similar concerns were shared nationally, but in Luton conflict was sparked by the council's exclusion of a variety of local groups from the official events and its refusal to countenance alternative communal activities. This study throws light on the relationship between public spectacle and public disorder, demonstrating how festive events can be occasions for social con...


Fifty-nine cows with active, painful Papillomatous Digital Dermitis (PDD) were randomly assigned to control (n=29) or vaccinate (n=30) groups on day 1. Cows were enrolled in the study based on the presence of a visible lesions on one or both rear heels and a pain response.


Abstract : A review of the Mission Support Squadron (MSSQ) test program introduces a discussion of the impact on professional development, technical training, and the administration, personnel, and social actions fields. A review of the professional education courses in the affected fields leads to suggestions for the curriculum. The MSSQ squadron is seen as driving a number of changes in the future. Several recommendations are made as a result. A sample course of instruction and a sample MSSQ course outline are included.


The fourth century B.C. in Rome was witness to the disappearance of the ager gentilicius and its replacement by the ager publicus, Systems of land ownership whose respective identities were unclear not only to the Modems, but to the Ancients as well. The roman victory over the Veii effectively annulated the agnatical link in the assignations by the ager publicus, while Ucinia Sextia legislation created the same kind of relationship for the possessio. Thus it came about that the individualist mode of land occupation replaced the collectivist mode, thereby favoring the takeover of the ager publicus.


Dysfunctional protein complexes are often associated with diseases. To develop effective treatments it is essential to understand the composition, formation and functionality of protein complexes. Novel techniques like complexome profiling give an overview of possible protein-protein interactions in an entire sample. In this approach intact protein complexes are separated using blue-native electrophoresis. The migration patterns of thousands of proteins are then uncovered using quantitative mass spectrometry and compared to find co-migrating proteins. Here, we present the concepts of our visualization approach for large complexome profiling datasets using our software NOVA. In agreement with recent literature we show that the protein NDUFA4, a previously known subunit of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is instead a subunit of complex IV.


Dr. Hubner has no significant financial arrangement or affiliation with any manufacturer of any pharmaceutical or medical device and is not affiliated in any manner with any provider of any commercial medical or healthcare professional service. O varian cancer afflicts 25,000 women in the U.S. every year, and this aggressive cancer caused about 14,000 deaths last year. Because of the extremely poor prognosis for advanced ovarian cancer, suspicious ovarian masses need prompt attention. "Misleading" symptoms of ovarian cancer usually delay an early diagnosis. As a result, 75% of patients have stage III or IV disease at the time of initial diagnosis. The high probability of advanced disease demands accurate staging for appropriate treatment decisions. Most ovarian cancers are serous carcinomas that typically involve both ovaries and have a tendency to spread along surfaces as silent occult metastatic peritoneal or bowel implants. Unfortunately, a sensitive, low-cost screening test for ovarian cancer that would help reduce mortality and morbidity is not available. The immunoassay for CA-125 might be considered as a screening test in conjunction with state-ofthe-art color and Doppler pelvic ultrasonography. Ultrasound can identify abnormal morphology and blood flow as well as enlargement of the ovaries with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 59%, but such findings should be confirmed by MR imaging. CA-125, although useful for surveillance of symptomatic and high-risk women and for follow-up of patients with ovarian cancer, is not considered a general screening test. The diagnostic modalities for initial diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of recurrent disease are rectovaginal examination, CT, MR, laparoscopy, and exploratory laparotomy. CT is 70% to 90% accurate for initial preoperative staging; CT and MR detect 40% to 50%, and ultrasound 60% to 90%, of recurrent disease. Hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic and aortic lymph node resection are used for treating early-stage ovarian cancer. "Second-look" surgical exploration that used to be the standard procedure for detecting recurrent ovarian cancer does not appear to have a beneficial effect on survival. Among patients with initial stage III and IV disease, 40% to 65% will have recurrent disease, and only 15% to 20% survive five years. Subclinical residual microscopic disease is present in as many as 30% of patients but is not detected by laparotomy.


During recent years, wind energy has moved from an emerging technology to a nearly competitive technology. This fact, coupled with an increasing global focus on environmental concern and a political desire of a certain level of diversification in the energy supply, ensures wind energy an important role in the future electricity market. For this challenge to be met in a cost-efficient way, a substantial part of new wind turbine installations is foreseen to be erected in big onshore or offshore wind farms. This fact makes the production, loading and reliability of turbines operating under such conditions of particular interest.


This study aims to determine the effect of some types of manure on growth and production of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) cv. Taiwan. The expected results of this research can determine which is the type of manure suitable for the area of the former coal mines that have acid soils (marginal lands). This research using Complete Random Design with four treatments and six replications. The treatment is different source of manure which is control, cow manure, goat manure, and chicken manure. The parameters observed were plant growth including plant height, leaf width, leaf length, fresh weight production, and dry weight production. This study uses the acid soils of the former coal mine with a pH of 4.2 which is input into the polybags, seedlings of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) cv Taiwan in the form of cuttings, Cow, goat and chicken dung are used as a source of manure. This research was conducted in the green house for 60 days. The results of the research obtained the data for plant height (cm) the highest Goat Manure (P2) 229.85; leaf Length (cm) the highest Goat Manure (P2) 113.10: Leaf width (cm) the highest Goat Manure (P2) 5.50; Production of Fresh Weight (gr/polybag) the highest Goat Manure (P2) 1361.67; the Production of Dry Weight (gr/polybag) the highest Goat Manure (P2) 214.28. The conclude that the manure suitable for the area of the former coal mines that have acid soils (critical area) is the manure from goat because it produces the highest growth and production than others.


Kinetic hybridization data are compared to a number of different models. A first-order Langmuir model provides the best fit to the data.


In the last decade, researchers have focused on digital technologies within Industry 4.0. However, it seems the Industry 4.0 hype did not fulfil industry expectations due to many implementation challenges. Today, Industry 5.0 proposes a human-centric approach to implement digital sustainable technologies for smart quality improvement. One important aspect of digital sustainability is reducing the energy consumption of digital technologies. This can be achieved through a variety of means, such as optimizing energy efficiency, and data centres power consumption. Complementing and extending features of Industry 4.0, this research develops a conceptual model to promote Industry 5.0. The aim of the model is to optimize data without losing significant information contained in big data. The model is empowered by edge computing, as the Industry 5.0 enabler, which provides timely, meaningful insights into the system, and the achievement of real-time decision-making. In this way, we aim to optimize data storage and create conditions for further power and processing resource rationalization. Additionally, the proposed model contributes to Industry 5.0 from a social aspect by considering the knowledge, not only of experienced engineers, but also of workers who work on machines. Finally, the industrial application was done through a proof-of-concept using manufacturing data from the process industry, where the amount of data was reduced by 99.73% without losing significant information contained in big data.


Active operating system fingerprinting is the process of actively determining a target network system's underlying operating system type and characteristics by probing the target system network stack with specifically crafted packets and analyzing received response. Identifying the underlying operating system of a network host is an important characteristic that can be used to complement network inventory processes, intrusion detection system discovery mechanisms, security network scanners, vulnerability analysis systems and other security tools that need to evaluate vulnerabilities on remote network systems.


A simplified stability analysis of resonator-stabilized oscillators is carried out by using the describing function approach. On this basis a criterion for the evaluation and optimization of the frequency stabilization introduction in an oscillator by a resonating element with a large quality factor is proposed. In particular, a frequency-stabilization index which can be conveniently used in the design of highly stable oscillators is defined. The validity of this performance index has been verified in the design of microwave oscillators using dielectric resonators as frequency-stabilizing elements. >


Adsorption isotherms of nitrogen at 77 K and carbon tetrachloride
at temperatures between 273 and 323 K have been determined on the pure
silica form of MCM-41 of pore diameter ca. 3.4 nm. The
nitrogen isotherm is of a reversible type IV in the IUPAC
classification and shows a first-order change in the physisorption
mechanism below a relative pressure of 0.4. Carbon tetrachloride
isotherms were of type V, the isotherms at 273, 288 and 303 K showing
distinctive hysteresis loops, whereas the isotherm at 323 K was
completely reversible. Despite the questionable validity of the Kelvin
equation when applied to narrow mesopores, good agreement was achieved
for pore diameter calculations for all the isotherms measured.


Discrete 3D supramolecular hybrid particle structures with controllable morphology and dimensions were fabricated and their ability to encapsulate guest molecules was demonstrated.


We investigated drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) in normally-off AlGaN-GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with a double-recess overlapped gate structure. It is found that the double-recess overlapped gate structure can suppress DIBL; the threshold voltage is constant without lowering for high drain-source voltages, and sub-threshold characteristics remains excellent. We elucidate the mechanism of the DIBL suppression by considering a local potential in the MOSFETs. In addition, it is also found that the double-recess overlapped gate structure is beneficial for current collapse suppression.We investigated drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) in normally-off AlGaN-GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with a double-recess overlapped gate structure. It is found that the double-recess overlapped gate structure can suppress DIBL; the threshold voltage is constant without lowering for high drain-source voltages, and sub-threshold characteristics remains excellent. We elucidate the mechanism of the DIBL suppression by considering a local potential in the MOSFETs. In addition, it is also found that the double-recess overlapped gate structure is beneficial for current collapse suppression.


The knowledge in the organization is an economic, intangible resource that generates competitiveness to the companies. Thus it is necessary to understand it and measure it for its quality a value. In this research, an analysis of the main components is done in a scale which measures institutional knowledge practices through great relevance variables such as knowledge transfer, media and technologies, organizational culture and management by competences. Measurement is done by a Likert scale, with 446 workers of 7 big private companies form Bogota City. It is achieved to structure a scale that shows the high index of reliabilityand validity of the construct.


ABSTRACT The key parameters of carbon and sulfur isotopie composition, total sulfur, nitrogen, vanadium, nickel and normal paraffin odd-even carbon number predominance were measured on the 600°+F residue, which simulates a weathered sample of crude oil. The variation of these parameters among 80 crude oils representative of worldwide sources of water-transported oils forms the basis of an identification system. The parameter range was carbon isotopic composition, −22 to −30 per mil; sulfur isotopie composition, −14 to +20 per mil; total sulfur 0.05 to 6.0 weight per cent; nitrogen 0.02 to 0.73 weight per cent; vanadium 0.2 to 466 wppm; nickel 0.2 to 128 wppm; and odd-even carbon number predominance 0.8 to 1.3. An unknown oil is identified by comparison of these paramters with those in a data library or from suspected sources. A computer "look-up" system was demonstrated to match any one of the 80 crude oils with an unknown. The identification potential is strengthened by addition of the diagnostic paramet...


The effects of angular momentum compensation on domain wall motion are considered. Particular attention is paid to the dynamic parameters of the wall in response to effects brought about by the approach to the angular momentum compensation temperature. When the wall gets close to the angular momentum compensation point, the net angular momentum is effectively lowered, thus causing the mobility of the wall to increase markedly. This unusual behavior is believed to be responsible for the erase process in single-layer direct-overwrite magnetooptical recording media. >


Aim This scoping review is aimed at providing a current descriptive overview of care programs based on the chronic care model (CCM) according to E. H. Wagner. The evaluation is carried out within Europe and assesses the methodology and comparability of the studies. Methods A systematic search in the databases PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE via OVID was conducted. In the beginning, 2309 articles were found and 48 full texts were examined, 19 of which were incorporated. Included were CCM-based programs from Belgium, Cyprus, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. All 19 articles were presented descriptively whereof 11 articles were finally evaluated in a checklist by Rothe et al. (2020). In this paper, the studies were tabulated and evaluated conforming to the same criteria. Results Due to the complexity of the CCM and the heterogeneity of the studies in terms of setting and implementation, a direct comparison proved difficult. Nevertheless, the review shows that CCM was successfully implemented in various care situations and also can be useful in single practices, which often dominate the primary care sector in many European health systems. The present review was able to provide a comprehensive overview of the current care situation of chronically ill patients with multimorbidities. Conclusions A unified nomenclature concerning the distinction between disease management programs and CCM-based programs should be aimed for. Similarly, homogeneous quality standards and a Europe-wide evaluation strategy would be necessary to identify best practice models and to provide better care for the steadily growing number of chronically multimorbid patients.


Filaments of increased pressure ('blobs') in the scrape-off layer of toroidally confined magnetized plasmas are studied in the context of fusion research due to their relevance for confinement and wall safety. Analytical models in simple toroidal magnetic field geometries have proven useful to get a quantitative understanding of blob dynamics in tokamaks. However, their direct applicability to the more complicated stellarator geometry is far less studied. The experiments presented here show that in the stellarator TJ-K blobs are field-aligned structures occurring in scrape-off layer regions of negative mean normal curvature, which is in agreement with common blob models. Furthermore, it is shown that in TJ-K, in accordance with findings from tokamaks, blobs account for a significant fraction of the turbulent scrape-off layer transport of the order of several tens of percent.


Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions have a number of special properties such as enhanced drug solubility, easy manufacturing and permeation enhancement ability compared to conventional formulations, which have been exploited in drug delivery systems, pharmaceutics and agriculture. Different formulations of micro and nanoemulsion were done using Sunflower oil, Neem oil respectively. On the other hand, nanoformulation of a chemical pesticide namely permethrin was done to find out the biosafety of it as nanopesticide. Nanoform of pesticide was found to be a potent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. Nanopesticide was observed to be non toxic against non target species like micro organisms and plants. These findings suggest that the nanoemulsion formulated from plant sources and nano pesticide can act as a potent, environment friendly effective larvicidal agent without affecting non target organisms (Soil micro organisms, plants etc.).


The intermittent hole-digging tree-planting machine shows a periodic short-time peak load law in planting operation, and the operation process is "idling" for small loads most of the time, leading to large torque fluctuations in the transmission system, unscientific power matching, and high energy consumption. To solve the above problems, this article proposes to use a series of energy-saving flywheels in the transmission system of the tree planting machine. On the premise of obtaining holes that meet the target young tree planting requirements, the optimal power compensation strategy for the flywheel system of the tree planting machine is studied to reduce torque fluctuations in the power transmission system, use smaller power drive units, and save energy. Firstly, the nonlinear multi-body dynamics simulation model of soil cutting by the hole-digging component is established. The boundary and contact conditions are set to simulate the power consumption of the hole-digging component at three rotating speeds. Based on the simulation results, the flywheel power compensation strategy is discussed, and the torque fluctuation of the flywheel balance system is analyzed. The results showed that the higher the speed, the greater the power consumption. The power value suddenly increased from 17.82 kW (1.28 s) to 27.93 kW (1.43 s) when the speed was 220 r/min. Then, the power value rapidly decreased, and the power consumption presented a short-term peak feature. The transmission system's maximum input power is determined as 17.82 kW according to the various simulated power consumption characteristics. The part exceeding the power consumption is compensated by the energy storage flywheel. The total compensation energy was 2382.5 J. After the flywheel system was involved, the maximum output power of the tractor power output shaft decreased by 36.2%, and the peak torque decreased from 445.7 N·m to 285.1 N·m. The power consumption obtained from the field test and simulation was similar, but the energy required to overcome peak load was jointly provided by the flywheel and the engine. The actual input power of the power output shaft during the energy release period of the flywheel system was 18.51 kW when the rotating speed of the hole-digging component was 220 r/min, and the relative error with the simulation value was 2.43%. The measured actual speed reduction of the flywheel system was 8.9%. After installing an energy storage flywheel in the transmission system of the tree planting machine, the output power of the power unit can be stabilized. Tree planting machines can be equipped with smaller power units, which can reduce energy consumption and exhaust emissions.


The spatial position of industrial object, such as robot end- effector, is an important geometric parameter whose accuracy determines whether robot can perform accurately. Therefore, we have established a laser tracking and coordinate measuring system with galvanometer scanner for high accuracy, large range, non- contact, and spatial dynamic measurement. In this paper, the laser tracking system and its setup are illuminated at first. Then, the formulae for calculating coordinates are deduced, and the calibration method of the initial distance from tracking mirror to target is presented. After that, two preliminary experiments in different distances are described. One is on CMM; the other is with grating ruler as reference. In the former, the maximum measurement error of coordinates is 70micrometers and the maximum error of length is 35micrometers in the 85x100x100mm3 measurement volume, and in the 1m initial distance. In the later, the maximum error of length is 140micrometers in the range of 480mm, and in the 5m initial distance. At the end of the paper, the error sources are analyzed and simulated.


Even though HannahArendt do not develops neither explicitly norexhaustively the concept of forgiveness, its relevancy in her thoughtcan be glimpsed considering her statement, in her article aboutBertolt Brecht (1948), to the effect that: "judgment and forgivenessare the two faces of the same coin." Despite its early formulation,this statement gives account of the importance that the conceptof forgiveness would take in her political reflections. Thepretension of this paper is to reconstruct this concept and to showits relevancy within her work, taking as a basis the commentariesand notes along her texts.


The droplet transition of electrical arc welding is a complicated process that combines heat, mass and momentum transfer. A high-speed camera system with laser in the background is established to observe the fast changing process of molten droplet transition. A group of high-speed camera pictures which indicate the droplet gravity center is unstable in welding metal transfer process are taken and analyzed. The experimental results show that the electromagnetic force is the unstable root of the droplet gravity center.


The paper is set in the context of current debate on the PGCE for primary/ middle school students. It critically analyses the structure of many courses which rely on covering a number of primary school subjects and argues for the integration of these into units which will reflect the development of primary school education as a response to HM Primary Report. One way in which such integration could be achieved is outlined and the implications of this for school experience and assessment discussed.


Alternatives to multiple-choice items for teacher-licensing examinations are described. Advantages of the "new" methodologies most often heard are cited. Cost and practicality, reliability, corruptibility, and validity are discussed as four areas of concern about the new assessments. A suggestion for reducing costs is proposed.


We consider a two-echelon serial supply chain with stochastic demand and fixed lead-times. The inventories at both supplier and retailer stages are replenished based on (Q, R) policies with inventory holding costs and fixed ordering costs. We analyse centralized and decentralized behaviour of the supply chain, and propose the feasible algorithms for the centralized and decentralized solutions, respectively. We also obtain the solutions for Stackelberg games.


Today ship managers perform complex tasks. They must be well aware of external situations - accidental threats, for example - as well as of the internal status of all systems, and options for dealing with faulty equipment, in combination with commercial realities and international laws. One of the basic tasks is collision avoidance. Mariners behavior by encountering of two (or many) ships is indecisive. This statement leads to fuzzy concept of collision avoidance at sea .This paper aims at investigating fuzzy character of the ship domain as one of the causes of such an indecision)


Within the dialogue poetry, a literary genre that thrived also in the Middle Ages, the most numerous thematic group is the body and soul debates, and the contribution discusses their most popular example: the Dialogus inter corpus et animam, usually referred to as the Visio Philiberti.2 The text was written in the thirteenth century, its reputed author is Walter Map (1140 – c. 1208-1210), and therefore its origin is most likely England, from where it circulated across Europe, as evidenced by 188 (Baker, Cartlidge, 2014, 196) preserved manuscripts that include this text.3 I would like to turn attention to six currently known illustrated versions of the Visio Philiberti. They are preserved in Budapest, Erlangen, London, München, Wien,4 and Brno5.6


Library, as an institution for collecting, sorting and collecting books and materials for people to read and reference, has spread all over major regions and universities. The "great circulation" of books makes the management mode of pure manual book number borrowing registration far from meeting people's borrowing needs. In order to realize the intelligent reminding of electronic library's borrowing expiration, this paper proposes the intelligent reminding technology of electronic library's borrowing expiration based on deep learning. The feature analysis model of edge template feature parameters of e-library borrowing information parameters is constructed, the structure of template feature parameters of e-library borrowing information parameters is reorganized by adopting feature space reorganization, personalized information fusion and feature map fusion processing of e-library borrowing information parameters are carried out by adopting multilevel semantic feature analysis method, and personalized feature extraction of e-library borrowing information parameters is realized by adopting shallow feature map combination control method. The extracted personalized features of electronic library borrowing information parameters are identified by deep learning algorithm, and a multi-level feature analysis model for intelligent reminding of electronic library borrowing expiration is constructed. Combined with the deep feature information distribution of electronic library borrowing information parameters, personalized intelligent reminding of electronic library borrowing expiration is carried out. The simulation results show that this method has a high level of intelligent reminding of electronic library's borrowing expiration, and the precision of intelligent reminding of electronic library's borrowing expiration is better, which improves the personalized fusion and automatic reminding ability of electronic library's borrowing information parameters.


The mechanisms by which γ-radiation produces strand breaks in DNA were investigated using model systems: breakage of the sugar phosphate bond of deoxynucleotides irradiated in aqueous solution was equated to a reaction which would produce a strand break in DNA. Release of inorganic phosphate from 5′ deoxynucleotides is caused by a radiation-produced hydroxyl radical abstracting a hydrogen atom from the deoxyribose moiety. Decay of the sugar radical so formed leads to phosphate release. After release of inorganic phosphate from deoxycytidylic acid two products are formed which consist of the cytosine base moiety attached to two or three carbon atoms of the sugar. Radioprotective sulphydryl compounds can repair the sugar radical by donation of a hydrogen atom to the damaged site. In thymidine 3′5′ diphosphate, reaction of OH* radicals with the base moiety as well as with the sugar can lead to inorganic phosphate release, both reactions leading to breakage of both 3′ and 5′ sugar phosphate bonds in the same molecule. When thymidine 3′5′ diphosphate is irradiated in the presence of oxygen, labile phosphate esters are produced in yields which are large compared to the inorganic phosphate yield. Reaction of 5-bromouracil moieties in DNA with hydrated electrons can also lead to strand break production. Transfer of the electron to 5-bromouracil from the thymine anion radical was found to be an efficient reaction. Other species such as HCO2−, O2−, and the cytosine anion radical can also donate electrons to 5-bromouracil. The results and conclusions of these experiments are discussed with reference to reactions which could occur in DNA.


By the eighteenth century, Europe's widening commercial activities laid the basis for a robust intellectual infrastructure to both sustain and justify its growing trading relations abroad. The widening impact of commercial capital and opened floodgates of material goods into the overseas trade coincided with a consumer revolution at home. This chapter examines European concern, and at times, fascination, with trade and exchange in early America. However, it attempts to engage a fresh historical analysis in a field often given over to literary and discourse probing. The chapter takes inspiration in the work of anthropologist Neil Whitehead who attempted to recover not only European mindsets behind texts, but, beyond them, the "native tropes" that mix with them. Whitehead's work opens up rich possibilities for the historical analysis of this topic, unearthing "con-texts" that are specific to time periods and situation.Keywords: America; commercial activities; Europe; Indian trade; Neil Whitehead


SUBTITLE: RICHARD DUNNING, AN AVIATION MEDICINE SPECIALIST, WARNS: BECOME COMPLACENT ABOUT THE AIRCRAFT'S PRESSURISATION SYSTEM AND DISASTER, EVER LURKING IN THE WINGS, WILL BE INVITED TO THE PARTY.


Heavy metals in the surface soils from lands of six different use. Soil pollution by heavy metals is a significant environmental problem.Official Full-Text Publication: Heavy Metal Pollution of Surface Soil in the Thrace Region, Turkey on ResearchGate.


Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its risk factors in the general adult population aged 35~64 years in Jinan.Methods To analyze data on 4 041 residents aged 35~64 years from the cross-sectional survey of Jinan.Physical examination was carried out and fasting blood was tested.Data were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression models.Results 1 979 men and 2 062 women participanted in the study.6.4% of men and 2.1% of women had hyperuricemia,which was defined as serum uric acid ≥417 μmol/L in men and ≥357 μmol/L in women.Multivariate Logistic regression models found that hypertriglyceridemia(OR 6.155,95%CI 4.354~8.701),hypercholesteremia(OR 2.853,95%CI 1.796~4.531),male gender(OR 2.749,95%CI 1.781~4.245),hypertension(OR 1.884,95%CI 1.320~2.687),central obesity(OR 1.834,95%CI 1.209~2.781)were associated with increased risk of hyperuricemia,however,living in rural areas(OR 0.266,95%CI 0.177~0.398)and alcohol consumption(OR 0.807,95%CI 0.706~0.892)were associated with reduced risk of hyperuricemia.Conclusion Hypertriglyceridemia,hypercholesteremia,male gender,hypertension,central obesity are associated with increased risk of hyperuricemia.Alcohol consumption and living in rural areas are associated with reduced risk of hyperuricemia.


This paper presents a comparison of four control strategies for a teleoperation system with a flexible link slave. In the classic literature, slave devices are considered only with rigid links whereas applications such as space robotics include flexible links. Thus, a more realistic model of a telemanipulator to compare and evaluate the performance of control architectures for teleoperation needs to be developed. The simulation is based on a one degree of freedom telemanipulation system available in our laboratory. Results indicate that position control modes could yield better performance than rate control when considering point-to-point tests.


In Taiwan, diabetic population climbs up gradually year by year, and diabetes has become the fifth of Top 10 Cause of Death. Therefore, how to maintain stable health status relies on propagation and practice of health education to familiarize the diabetics understand the traits of the disease and health care knowledge and behaviors for the purpose of maintain stable blood sugar. Since 1996, share care for diabetics has been implemented, mostly by doctors, nurses, and dieticians on the one-by-one basis by providing health education. Basically, health care personnel occupy the dominant position with less "patient-centered" sharing. In addition, the Steno Diabetes Center in Denmark was founded in 2010 as the health promotion center that heals, prevents, and investigates, diabetes as well as educating diabetics. The ""Steno tool" designed by the center has been introduced to Taiwan. However, the original picture card is not applicable to the diabetics in Taiwan; as a result, the card has been re-designed for localization, and the name has been formally changed to "Diabetes Dialogue Card (be correcting Steno Tool ) ". This study targeted at understanding how the diabetic health education teachers apply "Diabetes Dialogue Card (be correcting Steno Tool ) " to group health education activities. Novo Nordisk Taiwan took charge of seeking for and inviting the interviewees, and the data was collected through individual and group interviews. In this study, four dimensions were found as follows: the condition of using the card in health education group, the health education teacher's skills of applying the card to health education group, the effect of applying the card to group health education and the difficulties of exerting the card practically. The research results show that based on the methods and skills used in individual health education in the past, the health education teachers were accustomed to lead the group health education with "Diabetes Dialogue Card ( be correcting Steno Tool) " as the tool, and they were often frustrated due to unfamiliarity with the social group's working concept. In face of inter-disciplinary combination of social group work and diabetic health education, the health education teachers should be encouraged to enhance the guiding skills in leading a group, maintain the flexibility of enjoying beauty of group, and try to take the set of health education to other fields of health education. In this sense, the researcher also made retrospection on whether the social workers can hold an open attitude to try new-patterned service models and tools when they encounter competitive cooperation of professions.


A simple modification of the chromatographic immuno-assay of insulin is described, using small, dry, vertical chromatographic wicks placed directly in the reaction mixture. The separation of free from antibody-bound radioactivity is accentuated by subsequent additions of small quantities of protein buffer. The advantages of this method consist in (1), fast, easy chromatography of large numbers of samples, (2) better separation of free from bound 131I-insulin than with conventional horizontal chromatography, and (3), the location of maximum activities in the end-pieces of very small strips, facilitating counting. The separation is dependable and uniform, as the migration length of the antibody-bound insulin is equal to the length of the chromatographic strip.


In this paper, a dual-band metamaterial structure (MS) based on a two-dimensional (2D) curved-surface substrate is simulated working in THz band. The simulated results showed some novel properties compared to the conventional planar MA. The curved-surface MS appeared two resonant frequencies at 9.63 THz and 11.27 THz. With the transmissivity zero and the reflectivity approaching to zero, the incident plane wave is partly polarization converted and partly absorbed.


Background: Over a lifetime 80% of the people have low back pain. About nine out of ten adults experience low back pain in their life time. Low back pain occurs in females mostly among adult girls mainly due to some everyday activity or poor posture. In India, occurrence of low back pain is alarming; nearly 60% of the people in India have significant back pain. This study aimed at relieving low back pain among nursing students by back strengthening exercise. Method: The pre-experimental study was conducted by using one group pretest posttest research design in selected nursing hostel at Salem. Results: The mean pretest level of low back pain among the samples before the practice of back strengthening exercise was 5.50 and the mean posttest level of low back pain among the samples after the practice of back strengthening exercise was 0.03. There was no association between the mean pretest level of low back pain among samples with their BMI but there was association between the mean pretest level of low back pain among samples with their age and class. Conclusion: The back strengthening exercise proved to be effective in relieving low back pain.


worse mothers, better mothers, inevitably feel 'guilty' and (the least questioned myth of all) have undergone a moment of conscious choice when they 'decided' to work. To all these 'young wives' tales' Dual Career Families makes a refreshing antidote, since it is as a pragmatic, unprejudiced and as little inclined to generalise as are the couples it is studying. Essentially, in spite of some hopeful talk in the introduction about possible patterns for the future, it is not a study of how people in general might or ought to combine the demands of marriage with those of two careers, but how six couples did in fact do so, with their own idiosyncratic concepts of roles within the home.


This paper is concerned with the H ∞  control problem for a class of systems with bounded random delays and consecutive packet dropouts that exist in both sensor‐to‐controller channel and controller‐to‐actuator channel during data transmission. A new model is developed to describe possible random delays and packet dropouts by two groups of Bernoulli distributed stochastic variables. To avoid the state augmentation, a full‐order observer‐based feedback controller is designed via LMI approach. Based on the Lyapunov theory, a sufficient condition is provided to guarantee the closed‐loop networked system to be asymptotically mean‐square stable and achieve the prescribed H ∞  disturbance‐rejection‐attenuation level. The simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Bronchial inflammation plays a central role in asthma. We investigated whether parameters of inflammation were increased in peripheral blood. Furthermore, we tested whether fluticasone propionate (FP), a new inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) affected these parameters. FP 750 μg/day and BDP 1500 μg/day were compared in a randomized, crossover study consisting of two 6‐week treatment periods, each preceded by a 3‐week placebo period. Twenty‐one patients with symptomatic asthma completed the study. The results were compared with those of six normal subjects (controls). Immunophenotyping of inflammatory cells was performed in whole blood, and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was measured. With regard to clinical efficacy, ICS increased PCjo histamine by more than 1.9 doubling doses and FEV, by more than 0.34 1. The number of CD3/HLA‐DR+ lymphocytes was significantly increased in asthmatics compared to the normal subjects, both after placebo (P<0.01) and after therapy (P<0.05). The CD3/HLA‐DR‐H lymphocytes decreased significantly after treatment with FP (P<0.05). Serum ECP was elevated in patients without ICS and decreased after treatment with BDP (P<0.001). In conclusion, the number of CD3/HLA‐DR‐I‐ lymphocytes and serum ECP levels were raised in the peripheral blood of symptomatic asthmatics, and decreased by clinically effective doses of ICS. In this respect, FP 750 ng/day was at least as effective as BDP 1500 μg/day.


In this chapter, we provide a qualitative description of acoustic streaming and review its applications in lab-on-a-chip devices. It covers boundary layer driven streaming, including Schlichting and Rayleigh streaming, Eckart streaming in the bulk fluid, cavitation microstreaming and surface-acousticwave- driven streaming.


The distribution of dormant cells of the red tide flagellate Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) was investigated by the extinction dilution method in sediments of northern Hiroshima Bay where red tides of H. akashiwo occur almost every year. Densities of the dormant cells in sediment samples ranged from 56 to 5, 950 cells·cm-3 wet sediment in April 1987, and from 56 to 29, 300 cells·cm-3 in March 1989. No significant relationship was observed between the number of dormant cells of H. akashiwo and mud content of sediment sample. High density stations of the dormant cells in sediments appeared to coincide with the areas with high concentrations of vegetative cells in water columns during the red tide season.


Disclosed herein is a data processing apparatus including: a data sort block configured to sort, into multiple groups by information data of a same type, input data including information data of multiple types formed by multiple bits; a maximum value extraction block configured to extract a maximum value of the information data in each of the groups sorted by the data sort block; and a bit position decision and bit reduction block configured to determine a reduction position of bits common to the information data of the same type in each group on the basis of the maximum value extracted by the maximum value extraction block and reduce the common bits in accordance with the determination.


—Architectural education curricula are inevitably facing the challenge to lead and stay relevant to the expanding territory in architecture, engineering, and construction industries. The design studio, as a capstone of this education system, now meets the rise of computational tools in every aspect of the design process. The question arises on the method to incorporate the increasing development of computational tools into a systematic structure in the curricula that supports and enhance the design and its delivery. This study reports an analysis of the evaluation of five years of implementation of BIM-related courses in the undergraduate study planned to support the use of computational tools for the design studio at the School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung. This paper is concerned with the pedagogical approaches and content of teaching materials concerning limitations and constraints given by the curriculum structure. Using content analysis from course evaluation forms and interviews with the students, we analyze and suggest that the essential skills development necessary for the undergraduate level is modeling and documentation of design intent. The pragmatic approach that focuses on those two factors has benefit for design studio projects particularly on specific project typology with varied repetition components and less articulated form. However, our study also found that introducing BIM courses at 2 nd year of the undergraduate program was less useful since it required a proper understanding of additional and technical knowledge of building materials, construction, and others. On the other hand, to tackle the great subjects of BIM, we employ a blended-learning system where we provided curated online tutorials into each of the BIM topics as complementary teaching materials. By this strategy, we optimize learning outcomes while minimizing the effort to pack a wide range of BIM subjects into teaching materials. Based on our findings, the value of computational BIM, therefore, lied on the comprehensive understanding of modeling design intent and integrated method for design delivery that we argue are essential for students entering the workforce. Furthermore, teaching computational through BIM to support design studio milieu students where it encourages students to learn by their peers and various source materials that allowing them to expand their skills across platforms. We presented a detailed description and analysis of the course and outcomes, teaching agenda, student projects, feedbacks, findings, and discussion in the paper.


This paper presents an analysis of the various ways the Cross was defended in John Paul II's homilies delievered in Poland on the following occasions: in Nowa Huta, in the Wawel Royal Cathedral and Zakopane. The speaker used arguments anchored in the Gospel and history. He emphasised the meaning of the Cross as a sign of God's redemption, gift and love towards humans. The speaker evoked people from Polish history who remained faithful to the Cross and are remembered for their heroic attitude: Queen Jadwiga, brother Albert Chmielowski, Bernardyna Jabłońska and Maria Karłowska. In his homily given in Nowa Huta, the Pope signalled the idea of new evangelisation, which requires all believers to undertake persistent and courageous defence of the Cross, irrespective of time and place. The paper also discusses rhethorical aspects of the sermons, such as various types of speech deployed therein (lectures, meditations, appeals) and stylistic devices (e.g. similes, parallelisms, rhetorical questions).


Wavelet with longer support length is used in the smooth area of image to integrate energy effectively, while wavelet with shorter support length is used in the vicinity of edges. These two sets of wavelet transform switch automatically according to the image. The main problem for the design of time-varying filter is how to reconstruct exactly the signal during the transition period. An exact reconstruction method between any two sets of the widely used biorthogonal wavelet bases was proposed in this paper. And even more, by feedback of quantized wavelet coefficients, side information is embedded in the coding bit stream.


The study has examined the effectiveness of fund management at local government bodies in Nepal. Many problems could be observed at the local level government units, in terms of management of fund, lack of capacity, lack of elected representatives at grassroots level, political transition, lack of capacity to use information, and weak institutional mechanism. The study reports that the data on fund utilization should be easily available and comprehensible to the general public so that people can extract data, compare them, analyze them, and use them as per their needs. The study further highlights that the government need to focus on adequacy of the fund, proper mechanism of budget spent, and further focus on enhancing the efficiency of financial planning and budgetary process at the local level. Elections and Economic Development Thushyanthan Baskaran1, Brian Min2, Uppal Yogesh3 1University of Goettingen, Germany; 2University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; 3Youngstown State University We study at the constituency level whether Indian state governments induce political business cycles. Our dataset encompasses 600,000 Indian villages, which are consolidated into 66,618 state-level electoral constituencies. Using various light output measures as proxies for economic conditions in a constituency, we explore whether light output increases in election years. Our main contribution is a credible identification of electoral cycles by focusing on bye-elections held in selected constituencies for exogenous reasons. Our results show that state governments induce large electoral cycles. Single-party governments manipulate more than coalition governments. Manipulation is also stronger in contested constituencies. 2:00pm 4:00pm Tax 6: Tax competition Session Chair: Marcel G. Gerard, Universite catholique de Louvain A 32, Palazzo Rosso Taxation of Walloon Municipalities: is there room for yardstick competition, intellectual trend and partisan monopoly effect? Marcel G. Gerard1, Laurent van Malderen2 1Universite catholique de Louvain, Belgium; 2Universite catholique de Louvain, Belgium Three sources of tax interactions among local jurisdictions are usually considered: expenditure spill-over, tax competition and yardstick competition. However, another source is the intellectual trend. According to that hypothesis, politicians of the same party behave similarly: they mimic each other's policies. Moreover partisan politics also act through a monopoly power effect linked to several terms of power for the same party. The paper proposes an empirical analysis of taxation of Walloon municipalities . Yardstick hypothesis, intellectual trend hypothesis and potential partisan monopoly power effect are tested. Spatial econometrics tools are used along a panel of local tax rates data from 1983 to 2008 and political data. Results confirm yardstick competition among Walloon municipalities but not behaviors in line with the intellectual trend hypothesis. Moreover evidence is found of a partisan monopoly power effect for the local personal income tax. Finally the presence of an electoral cycle is also clearly documented. Tax Competition and "Race to the Bottom" in Tax Rates: Evidence from India Sthanu Nair Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode (IIMK), India One of the major conclusions of the theoretical literature on tax competition among sub-national governments is that it ends up in inefficiently low level of taxes – or a "race to the bottom" in tax rates – on mobile bases in the competing jurisdictions. However, the empirical evidence on this phenomenon is practically non-existent, provoking some scholars to consider the description of tax competition as involving a race to the bottom in tax rates as "quite misleading" (Oates, 1999; Brueckner, 2000). This paper is a modest attempt to prove that a race to the bottom in rates indeed emerges as a result of tax competition among sub-national governments in the context of tax-based competition for cross-border shoppers/trade among the States located in the Southern region of India. Fiscal Equalization, Tax Salience, and Tax Competition Martin Altemeyer-Bartscher IWH, Germany In this paper we are going to analyze decentralized revenue policies in a federal state if taxpayers are inattentive to some tax instruments. Jurisdictions try to attenuate the pressures of inter-regional competition for mobile factors by substituting tax instruments that stand in the limelight and attract taxpayers' attention with less salient ones. Accordingly, with an appropriate assignment of revenue functions jurisdictions engage in broadening their tax bases in order to gain a margin for cuts of the statuary tax rates. In this connection, we address the question to which extent substitution effects that stems form tax salience effects may suppress the under-exploitation of tax bases that typically goes along with fiscal equalization. International Tax leadership among Asymmetric Countries Jean Hindriks1, Yukihiro Nishimura2 1Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium; 2Osaka University, Japan Multinational companies can shift profit and income between branches in order to reduce the overall tax liabilities of the company. The result is a tax competition between countries. In this paper we consider the sequential choice of tax rates to illustrate the potential effects of tax leadership. We use a profit shifting model with multinational firms that operate in two countries, large and small. Governments compete by setting source-based corporate income taxes. We show that: (i) the sequential tax equilibria always Pareto dominate the simultaneous tax equilibrium. (ii) Each country prefers to follow than to lead the tax game. (iii) The tax leadership by the large country risk-dominates the tax leadership by the small country. Therefore our analysis provides a plausible explanation for the endogenous emergence of the tax leader-ship by the large countries. The results are contrasting with previous results in the literature. 2:00pm 4:00pm Tax 7: Property taxes Session Chair: Marius Brülhart, University of Lausanne A 33, Palazzo Rosso Testing the Capitalization Theory in a Transitional Economy: Education Quality and Property Value in Urban China Yilin Hou1, Qiang Ren2, Haitao Ma2 1Syracuse University, United States of America; 2Central University of Finance and Economics, China This research extends the capitalization theory into a new context, enriching the literature with theoretical modifications and empirical evidence. This research uses a recent pilot local property tax in China and a multi-wave hedonic data set of residential property in mega cities for empirical tests. Thus, we can capture the policy shock from no property taxation to adoption of the tax, with its intended and unintended impacts on housing prices, as well as other related aspects. Using this valuable data set, we conduct multi-stage, multi-level, D-in-D, and RDD analysis in order to reveal the inter-workings of the real estate market and a new policy as fiscal institution. Our preliminary results are among the first empirical evidence on the relationship between the quality of basic education and real property values in China's megacities: the quality of elementary education is a key determinant of the marginal differences of property value. Property Tax, Infrastructure Investment, and Housing Price — Evidence from the State of Georgia Counties Ping Zhang1, Yilin Hou2 IIPF 2014 ConfTool Pro BrowseSessions https://www.conftool.pro/iipf2014/index.php?page=browseSessions&a... 11 von 12 05.03.2015 11:02 Print View 1University of Georgia, United States of America; 2Syracuse University, United States of America Local infrastructure and property taxation have been examined by scholars, the connection between them is not. This paper assembles a set of county level data and parcel data in the state of Georgia, employs two-stage method with instruments and GLS estimators, and connects local infrastructure and property tax in local public finance. We find: for rural and small urban counties, a one dollar increase of property tax revenue returns to residents 40 cents in local infrastructure expenditure; for medium and large urban counties it is 60 cents. Our results argue that the effect is much larger for rural parcels. The land price elasticity on infrastructure investment is 1.42 for rural parcels compared to 0.57 for urban parcels. Different from studies using data in different states, our analyses are in the same institutional and legal circumstances; we extend results from metro cities to a comparison between urban and rural counties. Who's Taxing Whom? Empirical Evidence on Place-Based Policy Making when Industries are Agglomerated Marius Brülhart1, Helen Simpson2 1University of Lausanne, Switzerland; 2University of Bristol, UK We examine whether firms and governments take account of agglomeration economies as predicted by models of economic geography. Specifically, we study the generosity of governments in allocating plant-specific subsidies which aim to create jobs in economically lagging regions. Using administrative data on both grant applications and offers from a major place-based policy in Great Britain, we test the hypothesis that in the magnitude of their offers, governments internalise the fact that firms in more agglomerated industries should be less sensitive to financial inducements. We find that firms appear to some extent to internalise localisation benefits in their grant applications, and that government agencies reflect this in the generosity of their subsidy offers. However, we also find evidence that local government agencies structure their offers so as to try and preserve existing employment in more agglomerated industries in areas with a higher percentage of industry employment. The determinants of local tax setting in the event of a tax system under reform: the case of Italian municipal property tax Alberto Zanardi1, Corrado Pollastri2 1U


Long‐term vegetation plots represent one of the largest types of research investments in ecology, but efforts to interrelate data on plants with that on animals are constrained because of the disturbance produced by human observers. Recent advances in the automated identification of animal sounds on large datasets of autonomously collected audio recordings hold the potential to describe plant–animal interactions, such as between frugivorous birds and fruiting trees, without such disturbance. We deployed an array of nine autonomous recording units (ARUs) on the 400 × 500 m Bubeng Forest Dynamics Plot, in Xishuangbanna, southwest China, and collected a total of 1965 h of recordings across two seasons. Animal Sound Identifier (ASI) software was used to detect the vocalizations of five frugivorous bird species, and the probability of detection was related to the number of mature fruiting trees within a 50 m radius of the ARUs. There were more significant positive relationships than would be expected by chance in analyses that investigated bird/tree interactions across 3 months, both in the wet season and the dry season, as well as in short‐term analyses within the dry season months of October and November. The analysis identified 54 interactions between bird and tree species with significant positive relationships. Follow‐up observations of birds on the plot validated that such interactions were more likely to be observed than other interactions. We demonstrate that ARUs and automated voice identification can map the distribution and/or movement of vocal animals across large vegetation plots, allowing this data on animals to be inter‐related to that on plants. We suggest that ARUs be added to the standardized protocols of the plot network, leveraging their vast amount of information about vegetation to describe plant–animal interactions currently, and monitor changes in the future.


This paper considers the optimal asset allocation problem for defined-contribution pension plan members whose terminal utility is a function of replacement ratio, i.e. the pension-to-final wage ratio. When three asset types are available for investment, the optimal portfolio composition, which is horizon dependent, includes investment in both riskless and risky assets. The investment in risky assets has three components to hedge wage risk, to speculate on risk premiums and to hedge for financial market risk respectively. When the terminal utility is a power function, closed form solution is derived for the cases where there is no further contribution from wage incomes or there is no nonhedgeable wage risk. The horizon dependence of optimal pension portfolio is deterministic under assumptions of constant equity risk premium, constant interest rate volatility and constant stock return volatility. The short-sale of wage replicating portfolio also contributes to the horizon dependence of pension plan financial wealth (the sum of pension portfolio and the short-sold wage replicating portfolio), and the effect is stochastic due to the stochastic interest rate and stock return. Therefore, the optimal asset allocation strategy in terms of financial wealth is "stochastic lifestyling". For the cases where wage incomes cannot be hedged due to non-hedgeable wage risk, optimal asset proportions can be solved numerically by Monte Carlo simulation. The proportions invested in stocks and especially bonds are higher in early stages than those when wage replicating portfolio is used, hence more short-sale of cash assets. The optimal asset allocation derived by numerical simulation is also horizon dependent.


The lack of information regarding genetic variability and inter-relationships among antioxidant and phytochemical, phenotypic traits in snowball cauliflower evoked an experiment using 26 Ogura based cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) and doubled haploid (DH) lines to formulate breeding strategies for the development of antioxidant rich cultivars. Significant variability was observed for all the antioxidant traits suggesting the scope for improvement of these antioxidant traits in cauliflower. The cluster analysis revealed five different groups of parental lines based on phytochemical traits. The slightly higher magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the antioxidant traits indicated small influence of environment on accumulation of these traits. The high heritability (>80%) accompanied with high genetic gain for the accumulation of antioxidant traits indicated the predominance of additive gene action. This study will pave the way for mapping of QTLs and breeding of bio fortified cultivars in cauliflower.