Abstract This study conducted flux measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), estimated by 222Rn (Radon) and chamber methods in a cold-temperate northern Japanese grassland soil during summer and winter seasons. Our research aims to compare these fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 calculated by 222Rn and static chamber methods, and to understand the responses of fluxes by 222Rn and chamber methods to temperature. 222Rn fluxes ranged from 0.0046 to 0.0157 Bq m2 s−1, and the average was 0.0068 ± 0.0013 Bq m2 s−1 on sandy soil (> 50% sand). The average diffusion coefficients for CO2, N2O and CH4 calculated using the 222Rn method were 0.049 ± 0.008 cm2 s−1, 0.023 ± 0.005 cm2 s−1 and 0.054 ± 0.008 cm2 s−1, respectively, reflecting seasonality. CO2, N2O and CH4 flux measurements from the 222Rn method were in good agreement with those of the static chamber method, within the observed range of error, suggesting a high correlation coefficient of > 89% between the methods. Also, the temperatures of air and soil at 5-cm depth played a significant role in determining the fluxes of CO2 and CH4 measured by the 222Rn and chamber methods; meanwhile, the N2O flux displayed an inverse exponential relation to temperature. This suggests that N2O flux may be regulated by other factors such as soil water content and soil oxygen concentration. The contribution of winter fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 corresponded to 9, 51 and 3% of the annual fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4, respectively, reflecting higher winter N2O production due to the constraint of oxygen in soil.


The field of women's history emerged and developed through the joint efforts of scholars, librarians, and archivists. When the field emerged in the early 1970s, the combined labor of individuals in these academic disciplines unearthed otherwise obscure archival evidence, shaped a new framework for research, and fueled dynamic inquiry into the historic experiences and modern understandings of women's lives. Despite such collaborative origins, historians do not always incorporate a broad understanding of library and archive practice into their scholarship. By illustrating efforts to reconstruct the life of one eighteenth-century woman on the Kentucky frontier, this essay illustrates how knowledge of archival collection and provenance provides vital perspective on historic experience. Given the long tradition of collaboration between librarians, archivists, and women's historians, this essay suggests that renewed attention to such relationships will provide important new opportunities for future research.


The aim of the paper is to reflect on bell hooks' autobiographies in the context of women's process of self-empowerment. Following the principle of the humanistic coefficient (Znaniecki) and recognizing autobiography as a significant source in social research (Thomas, Znaniecki), my focus is to understand, explain and interpret the process of shaping a woman's subjectivity by analysing bell hooks' autobiographical essays. I am interested in her autobiography as a life story of a black woman, whose experiences have been shaped by racial segregation and desegregation in the 1960s and 1970s in the USA and for whom writing autobiography has been a manifestation of speaking with her own voice.


Abstract There are a few studies reported in the literature describing the conversion of intrinsic defects but the involvement of nitrogen-interstitials in diamond has not been reported so far. In this paper, a detailed study on the conversion of nitrogen-interstitials in diamond during the irradiation and further annealing were presented by the micro-photoluminescence spectra. The results indicated that the interstitials were immobile until 300 °C and then escaped from the nitrogen capture, followed by migration and recombination with vacancies in the structure of nitrogen-vacancy and vacancy centers.


With increasing wind energy integrated into power systems, the topic of economic dispatch (ED) becomes more important. In this paper, a risk constrained ED (RCED) model is proposed, which aims to obtain the optimal dispatch solution to balance the economic gain and the economic risk brought by uncertain wind power. Then Pareto-based multi-objective optimization approach is applied to optimize the gain and risk under the uncertain environment, simultaneously. Afterwards, an improved optimization algorithm, chaotic group search optimizer with multiple producers (CGSOMP) is used for solving this complex problem. Simulation studies are conducted on a modified IEEE 30-bus power system, and results verify outperformance of the RCED model, compared with the traditional ED approach.


The present invention relates to technical field of pharmaceuticals, described a kind of novelty that is used for active component preparation easily.This novel formulation is fit to the multiple pharmaceutical dosage form of preparation.In this novel formulation, active component is evenly dispersed in the excipient substrate of being made up of one or more excipient that are selected from aliphatic alcohol, triglyceride, partial glyceride and fatty acid ester basically.


Internalized racism is a significant source of psychological distress and low self-esteem among African Americans. Yet many counselors are challenged in their ability to address race and internalized racism in their work with clients, as there are few theoretically based approaches within the counseling literature to assist counselors with addressing internalized racism during therapy. In this article, the authors describe how culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy may be used to address internalized racism among this population. Core beliefs, schemas, and compensatory strategies that characterize internalized racism are first identified. Application of these constructs during case conceptualization and treatment planning is then illustrated through a case study. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for counselor training and supervision.


Jongkong reservoir creates a reservoir of water that is used for the purposes of raw water as fundamental media for improvement of drinking water production especially at dry season for the District of Koba. The advantage of being able to hold water in wet season and releasing it in dry season will be detained if the life storage of the reservoir can be utilized effectively, but sedimentation problem will decrease its volume which can influence the life time of reservoir. Finally the reservoir becomes less effective, so it is very important to study. The method which is used to predict an average erosion rate in the catchment area considers factors of rain erosivity, soil erodibility, ground inclination of slope or slope length, management of crop and land, soil conservation. Calculation was done by using the USLE equation (Universal Soil Loss Equation) which was developed by Wischmeier and Smith (1965, 1978). From this research result, the prediction of surface erosion rate in the basin catchment area in the year 2019 is equal to 53.20 mm/year or equivalent with 62,491.92 m3/year, and the value of Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) is equal to 32,28 %. The number of material which eroded is equal to 957.59 Ton/Ha/year so it is classified into the medium erosion class category. The dead storage of 5% of the the volume of the reservoir cage will be fully charged in the year 2022 or for 3 The next year and the total volume of the reservoir Ridge will be full of sediment in the year 2062 or 43 years.


This article describes some of the plans and projects for Earth Day, 1990. The executive director describes their efforts to translate public concern about the global environment into concerted action at all levels of government.


The most common causes of malfunctions and types of damage to traction substations power transformers are presented and classified, the influence of the climatic conditions of the region of operation on the reliability of the power transformer insulation is shown. The results of the analysis of the damageability of traction substations' power oil transformers with types of damage to the insulation system on the example of a Russia's railroad. The classification of climatic factors affecting the reliability indicators of isolation is proposed, a model of climatic factors influence on the reliability parameters of the transformer is developed and presented in the form of a generalized integral indicator estimated by the climatic impact score. The classification of climatic factors affects the transformer reliability parameters and allows us to outline and develop a strict technology for monitoring the status of the main parameters that characterize the wear level of the transformers and their readiness to work in the future.


A new solution-processable bipolar dendrimer with carbazole units as hole-transporting units and oxadiazole units as electron-transporting units was efficiently synthesized based on a convergent approach by alternation of a Cu-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction and Williamson ether synthesis. The orthogonal chemistry completely avoided protection and activation of the focal points in the process of dendrimer synthesis. The dendrimer showed a wide bandgap and good thermal stability. Electrophosphorescent devices with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/bipolar dendrimer: Ir(ppy)(3)/TPBI/LiF/Al were fabricated. The devices showed a maximum current efficiency of 16.8 cd.A(-1), a maximum power efficiency of 4.22 lm.W-1 and an external quantum efficiency of 5.7%.


In order to investigate the optimization of several parameters to control fuel injection rate on in line pump based fuel injection system for DI diesel engines, a computer model simulating the flow in fuel injection system was developed including a cavitation model for nozzle holes. For the validation of this model, comparison with experimental data was performed for a wide range of pump operating conditions. Following that successful validation of this model, parameteic studies were performed which could allow improved fuel injection system design.


Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be divided into three groups: short-, intermediate- and long-duration bursts. While the progenitors of the short and long ones are relatively known, the progenitors of the intermediate-duration bursts (IBs) are generally unknown. However, recent statistical studies suggest that they can be related to the long-duration bursts. Another types of GRBs are the so-called X-ray flashes (XRFs) and X-ray rich GRBs (XRRs). The former ones radiate more intensively in the X-ray bands than common GRBs, but in the cases of XRFs the main component of the emission is produced entirely at X-ray wavelengths. Also, the XRFs and IBs show some similarities regarding their prompt- and afterglow properties. In this work we investigate whether there is a difference between the global parameters of the X-ray flashes and intermediate-duration group of gamma-ray bursts. The statistical tests do not show any significant discrepancy regarding most of the parameters, except the BAT photon index, which is only a consequence of the definition of the XRFs. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This study described and compared the physical fitness profile and mental toughness
among policeman in Pasir Mas, Kelantan. There were 100 subject aged 29.48±4.12
years old participated for this study in different gender which is consists 91 subjects
of male and 9 of female. Cross sectional study design was used for this study.
Descriptive statistic was used to describe physical fitness profile and mental
toughness meanwhile Independent T-Test analysis to compare in different gender.
Based on the results fitness test, subjects achieve a good fitness level on muscular
endurance meanwhile very poor results on body composition. For the comparison,
there is significance different (p<0.05) for handgrip and sit and reach test. There is
not significant different (p>0.05) for the rest of physical fitness test. For mental
toughness, there is not significant different (p>0.05) between male and female.
Hence, all component is needed all subjects in order to dealing problem during carry
out their duty.


The critical step in automatic trademark matching is to extract trademark features from the database automatically and reliably. However, the performance of existing algorithms rely heavily on the size of the database. It is essential to incorporate an eficient classification technique to partition the database in order to ensure the performance of an automatic trademark matching system is robust with respect to the increase in the database size. Two new approaches are proposed to classify trademark images. The approaches contain five major stages, namely: image acquisition, image preprocessing, feature extraction, data transformation and classification. Feature normalization and data discretization techniques are utilized to perform the data transformation phase. An Adaptive Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) embedded with an enhanced Backpropagation (BP) algorithm and Rough Set Theory are applied to classify the images. Experimental results reveal that the Adaptive MLP embedded with the enhanced BP algorithm exhibits a faster convergence rate than the classical BP algorithm. In conclusion, the Adaptive MLP outperforms Rough Set Theory in terms of speed, accuracy and sample size.


MirelTM is based on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), water-insoluble polymers produced by many bacteria and yeasts, but also by plants such as Arabidopsis, rape, tobacco or maize. In order for the bacteria, yeasts and plants to produce PHA, they need to have sufficiently high quantities of sugar, starch or other carbon sources, at the same time as having low quantities of phosphorous, nitrogen or trace elements.


The basic aim of this research is determining teachers' multicultural competence perceptions depending on various variants. With this aim teachers' multicultural competence perceptions is examined according to these independent variants: gender, the city where teachers spend most of their lives, severance, the type of school and democratic attitude. 413 teachers who work at primary schools, secondary schools, high schools and occupational technical high schools in Bahcelievler, Bakirkoy and Bagcilar district which are on the European side of Istanbul in 2012-2013 educational term have taken part in this research. Data of this research has been collected via perceptions of multicultural competence scale which was developed for lecturers by Basbay and Kagnici (2011) and democratic attitude scale developed by Gozutok (1995). Based on findings of this research it has been seen that teachers perceive themselves "highly enough" on multicultural competence and awareness which constitutes these competences, aspects of knowledge and skills. What's more it has been concluded that there are differences between teachers' perceptions of multicultural competence and awareness which constitutes this competence, perception on knowledge and skills according to these variants: cities they spend most of their lives, severances and type of school but there has been no differences according to gender. It has been seen that there is a positive relation between teachers' multicultural competence perception and their democratic attitudes.


The popularization of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and the development of new sensors has enabled the acquisition and use of multispectral and hyperspectral images in precision agriculture. However, performing the image registration process is a complex task due to the lack of image characteristics among the various spectra and the distortions created by the use of the UAV during the acquisition process. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate different techniques for obtaining control points in multispectral images of soybean plantations obtained by UAVs and to investigate if combining features obtained by different techniques generates better results than when used individually. In this work Were evaluated 3 different feature detection algorithms (KAZE, MEF and BRISK) and their combinations. Results shown that the KAZE technique, achieve better results.


According to recent estimates (Reuters), the cost of implementing the sustainable development goals of Agenda 2030 will be USD 176 trillion. This amount seems unattainable, even when considering the public resources currently available to governments that are part of the United Nations. It is undoubtedly necessary to involve the private financial sector, within the so-called finance for sustainable development. To achieve the SDGs, it may be also necessary to schedule local-level initiatives and actions that consider the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, which can be used to source forms of private finance for sustainable development and contribute to the implementation of the SDGs. Based on these observations, this article deals with the study of clearly defined parameters: (1) the factors that should be considered when assessing the sustainability of a (local) real-estate project and, in particular, of a housing project, in order for the project to be considered sustainable and participate, albeit pro rata, in achieving one (or more) of the eleven SDG sub-goals; and (2) funding opportunities in the world of sustainable-development finance. The specific goal of the research contribution presented in this paper was to use the Delphi method to define a set of local-level evaluation criteria and indicators for real-estate projects, specifically housing projects, with an ESG matrix and in line with some of the SDG 11 targets, considering the Florence Metropolitan Area as a case study. The application of the Delphi method to the case study made it possible to test the usability of this method for the definition of the criteria and indicators, at the local level, for assessing the level of implementation of the SDGs. Specifically, a set of 48 criteria and 74 indicators were defined for assessing the consistency of housing projects with SDG 11 and ESG criteria.


The gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T7 recognizes specific sequences on single-stranded DNA and then catalyzes the synthesis of tetraribonucleotide primers complementary to the template. With 4X174 DNA as a template, the gene 4 protein enables T7 DNA polymerase (deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 22.214.171.124) to initiate DNA synthesis at 13 major sites. DNA sequence analysis of the 5' termini ofthe newly synthesized DNA shows the predominant recognition sequences for the gene 4 protein to be 3'-C-T-G-G-G-5' or 3'-C-T-G-G-T-5'; the products of synthesis at these sites are RNA primers having the sequences pppA-C-C-C or pppA-C-C-A. The gene 4 protein can also synthesize primers at the sequences 3'-C-T-G-G-_-5' and 3'-C-T-G-T-N-5', although these sites are used less than 10% as frequently as the predominant sites. Comparison of the utilization of primer sites suggests that the gene 4 protein binds randomly to single-stranded DNA and then translocates along the DNA in a unidirectional 5'-to-3' direction with regard to the DNA strand in search ofrecognition sequences. Models are presented for the role of the gene 4 protein in the initiation of lagging-strand synthesis and in the initiation ofDNA replication at the origin. The RNA primers synthesized by the gene 4 protein in vitro are predominantly tetraribonucleotides having the sequences pppA-C-C-A or pppA-C-C-C (6, 12). By what mechanism does the gene 4 protein synthesize these tetraribonucleotide primers? A possible mechanism might be analogous to the template-independent tRNA nucleotidyltransferase that specifically adds the -C-C-A terminus to tRNAs (13). However, the fact that single-stranded DNA is required for primer synthesis suggests a template-mediated reaction (10, 11). Scherzinger et al. (10) have inferred site-specific primer synthesis on the basis of a restriction enzyme analysis of the product synthesized on singlestranded circular DNA. In this communication we map the precise locations ofprimer initiation sites to show that there is a distinct template recognition sequence that the gene 4 protein must recognize before it synthesizes a RNA primer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recent studies in vitro have provided detailed information on the enzymatic mechanisms involved in DNA replication. In this paper, we use bacteriophage T7 as a model system (for review, see ref. 1) to describe the mechanism by which two phage proteins, T7 DNA polymerase (deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 22.214.171.124) and gene 4 protein, synthesize Okazaki fragments during T7 DNA replication. The T7 DNA polymerase is composed of two subunits (2-4): the phage gene 5 protein (M, 87,000) and Escherichia coli thioredoxin (Mr 12,000). The gene 4 protein, a single polypeptide, is found in two forms with molecular weights of58,000 and 66,000 (5, 6). The gene 4 protein has a dual role at the replication fork. First, it enables T7 DNA polymerase to use duplex DNAs as templates (5, 7, 8). T7 DNA polymerase catalyzes the polymerization ofdNTPs, while the gene 4 protein catalyzes the hydrolysis of NTPs to NDPs and Pi (9), a reaction that is coupled to DNA synthesis. Presumably the energy derived from hydrolysis is used in unwinding the DNA helix ahead of the replication fork, because inhibition of the hydrolysis reaction results in a cessation ofDNA synthesis on duplex DNA. The gene 4 protein initiates lagging-strand DNA synthesis by catalyzing the synthesis of RNA primers (6, 10-12). T7 DNA polymerase, like all DNA polymerases, is unable to initiate DNA synthesis de novo. However, it readily uses the RNA primers synthesized by the gene 4 protein to begin synthesis. Lagging-strand synthesis is the result of multiple priming events, with the transient production ofOkazaki fragments. DNA and Nucleotides. Bacteriophage 4X174 am3 DNA was isolated by the method of Hutchison and Sinsheimer (14). 4X174 replicative form DNA was obtained from New England BioLabs. [y-2P]ATP and cytidine 3'-phosphate 5'-[fP]phosphate ([32P]pCp) were from New England Nuclear. Enzymes. Gene 4 protein was fraction V (50% pure) ofKolodner et al. (5). T7 DNA polymerase (80% pure) was prepared from T73,4,6-infected E. coli D10 as described by Adler and Modrich (15). Bacteriophage T4 polynucleotide kinase and E. coli alkaline phosphatase have been described (16). Restriction enzymes were obtained from New England BioLabs. RNA-Primed DNA Synthesis. The reaction mixture (0.1 ml) contained 40 mM Tris'HCl (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl2, 50 mM dithiothreitol, 0.3 mM each dNTP, 0.12mM each rNTP, including [y-32P]ATP (50 Ci/mmol; 1 Ci = 3.7 x 10"° becquerels), 6 nmol 4X174 DNA, and 0.02 ml ofa solution containing 2 units ofT7 DNA polymerase and 2 units of gene 4 protein in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and bovine serum albumin at 0.5 mg/ml. After incubation at 30°C for 10 min, 0.01 ml of 0.5 M EDTA and 0.1 ml of redistilled neutralized phenol were added at 0°C. Radioactive ATP was separated from the product DNA by gel filtration through a 1.0-ml Sephadex G-100 column in 20 mM Tris-HCI (pH 7.8)/2 mM EDTA/ 100 mM NaCl, and the DNA in the void volume was precipitated with ethanol. The restriction enzyme digestion reaction mixture (0.1 ml) contained 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl2, 10mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 10mM NaCl, bovine serum albumin at 0.1 mg/ml, the end-labeled 4X174 DNA, and 20 units of Hae III. Incubation was at 37°C for 60 min. The DNA * This is paper no. 19 in a series entitled "Replication of Bacteriophage T7 Deoxyribonucleic Acid. " The previous paper is ref. 27. 205 The publication costs ofthis article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 206 Biochemistry: Tabor and Richardson was extracted with phenol, precipitated with ethanol, and applied to a 6% polyacrylamide gel containing 7 M urea. End-Group Labeling of DNA Product. The product DNA bearing 5'-terminal RNA primers was incubated with 0.1 M KOH at 370C for 20 hr. The reaction mixture was neutralized and the DNA was precipitated with ethanol. The kinase reaction mixture (25 ,s1) contained 50 mM Tris HCl (pH 8.0), 5 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 mM spermidine, 10 mM MgCl2, 4 tiM [y32P]ATP (3000 Ci/mmol), the alkali-treated DNA, and 10 units ofT4 polynucleotide kinase. Incubation was for 30 min at 00C, in order to limit the kinase-catalyzed exchange reaction between the -y phosphate of ATP and the 5' phosphate of nicked DNA (17). Radioactive ATP was removed by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. 5'-Terminal-labeled fragments were annealed with the 4X174 template by incubation in 10mM Tris HCl (pH 7.5)/1 mM EDTA/50 mM NaCl at 670C for 30 min.


Identity of Turkey has become one of the most discussed issues in academia, in internal affairs and in world politics especially in the last decade. Turkey"s accession to European Union has been debated mostly via the identity of Turkey, alongside with the economic or legal terms. In the EU accession period, Turkey"s stance with regard to its identity discourse has changed. In the previous decades, Turkey has been trying to prove how European she is. Today, there exists a different discourse which underlines the differences of Turkey and Europe; rather than stressing commonalities. This study tries to explain the reasons of the change of Turkey"s stance in the post-Helsinki period with regard to its identity position towards European Union. In doing so, Kenneth Waltz"s "Levels of Analysis" approach is used as a model. The reasons of the change are explained in three levels. In individual level, the effect of AKP government is dealt, with specific emphasis on the discourses of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and


This thesis presents a method for the on-line generation of near-time optimal trajectories for robotic manipulators with actuator constraints moving in a cluttered environment. The near-time optimal trajectories are generated by avoiding obstacles one at a time using the pseudo return function. This reduces the computationally complex time-optimal obstacle avoidance problem to m simple sub-problems, facilitating on-line implementation. In spite of its simplicity, this approach is guaranteed to yield trajectories terminating at the target for all initial states under very unrestrictive conditions. Examples with circular and elliptical obstacles demonstrate close correlation between the exact and near-time optimal trajectories, and the computational efficiency of the proposed approach.
An on-line method for generating near-shortest paths in a cluttered environment is also presented. Here, near-shortest paths are generated by following the negative gradient of the pseudo return function for the Kinematic Problem. As a result, the computation of the path is independent of the number of obstacles at all but a finite number of points. These paths are guaranteed to terminate at the goal for all initial conditions. The computational efficiency of this approach is demonstrated for a large number of circular and polygonal obstacles.
This thesis also presents a new sufficient condition for time-optimal control, which generalizes the existing sufficient conditions for time-optimal control, the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation and Nahi's Theorem. A potential field-based method for generating near-time optimal paths on-line is also included.


The invention discloses a liquid-phase method for preparing lithium-manganese silicate of a cathode material of a novel lithium-ion battery. Lithium salts, manganese salts and ester orthosilicate of certain proportion are mixed in polyalcohol, the mixture is heated to the temperature of the boiling point of the polyalcohol, kept at a temperature for a certain period of time and cooled slowly; after the mixture is dried, a mixed precursor is obtained; and then after being mixed and carried out ball milling with an addition agent, the mixed precursor is calcined under inert atmosphere so as to obtain the lithium-manganese silicate ion battery cathode material. The lithium-manganese silicate material is easily and safely prepared with low cost. The lithium-manganese silicate material prepared by the method has the advantages of low cost, good electrochemical performance, environmental protection, and the like and has wide application prospect in the field of the lithium-ion battery.


[1] We studied dynamics of O+ ions during the superstorm that occurred on 29–31 October 2003, using energetic (9–210 keV/e) ion flux data obtained by the energetic particle and ion composition (EPIC) instrument on board the Geotail satellite and neutral atom data in the energy range of 10 eV to a few keV acquired by the low-energy neutral atom (LENA) imager on board the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) satellite. Since the low-energy neutral atoms are created from the outflowing ionospheric ions by the charge exchange process, we could examine variations of ionospheric ion outflow with the IMAGE/LENA data. In the near-Earth plasma sheet of XGSM ∼ −6 RE to −8.5 RE, we found that the H+ energy density showed no distinctive differences between the superstorm and quiet intervals (1–10 keV cm−3), while the O+ energy density increased from 0.05–3 keV cm−3 during the quiet intervals to ∼100 keV cm−3 during the superstorm. The O+/H+ energy density ratio reached 10–20 near the storm maximum, which is the largest ratio in the near-Earth plasma sheet ever observed by Geotail, indicating more than 90% of O+ in the total energy density. We argued that such extreme increase of the O+/H+ energy density ratio during the October 2003 superstorm was due to mass-dependent acceleration of ions by storm-time substorms as well as an additional supply of O+ ions from the ionosphere to the plasma sheet. We compared the ion composition between the ring current and the near-Earth plasma sheet reported by previous studies and found that they are rather similar. On the basis of the similarity, we estimated that the ring current had the O+/H+ energy density ratio as large as 10–20 for the October 2003 superstorm.


This lecture is given at the University of Leonard de Vinci, in Paris, France, to students of the School of Engineer program in Finance. It is a general introduction to the understanding of building blocks of the non-gaussian world and the shortcomings of the normal paradigm when pricing and estimating financial risks.


The mutual miscibility diagram is determined for binary blends of two ethylene/norbornene random copolymers, and their monomer sequence distribution is investigated by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The miscibility changes abruptly at a norbornene content of 50% where NMR measurements indicate a change in microstructure. When both copolymers have a norbornene content higher than 50%, all blends are miscible within the composition ranges available. A simplified version of the lattice cluster theory (LCT) is applied to this system. The computations indicate that the chain stiffness (arising from the rigidity and steric interactions of the norbornene units) exerts significant influence on the miscibility of these blends. Experimental miscibility diagrams agree reasonably with the LCT predictions.


Changes in crude protein, soluble sugars and organic acids during traditional Kisra bread preparation from three sorghum varieties were investigated. Fermented dough was prepared in the traditional way used by Sudanese housewives. For the three varieties the protein content was not significantly increased during the fermentation. Traditional fermentation caused decrease in soluble sugars content, whereas the main by-products of the fermentation, lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol increased. The pattern of change in the level of soluble sugars of the three sorghum varieties were similar. During the first 4 h of fermentation, glucose concentration increased by 259, 102 and 73% for Fetarita, Safra and Ahmer variety, respectively. Thereafter it started to decrease at a steady rate towards the end of the fermentation process. The fructose concentration was decreased and completely utilized after 12, 16 and 20 hours for Safra, Ahmer and Fetarita varieties, respectively. Sucrose in three varieties was completely utilized after 4 hours, while maltose was completely utilized after 8 h. Lactic acid production started from the beginning of fermentation to the end, while production of acetic acid and ethanol started after 4 hours of fermentation and continued to increase at slow rate. Fetarita variety had the least amount of lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol, while there was no variation between Safra and Ahmer variety.


Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drug oxcarbazepine, was evaluated in a retrospective multicentre study. The records of all 947 epilepsy patients treated with oxcarbazepine in the eight participating centres from 1981 through 1990 were examined. The median daily dose of oxcarbazepine was 30 mg/kg in children, 18 mg/kg in adults, and 15 mg/kg in elderly patients, given b.i.d. or t.i.d. The mean plasma levels of the main active metabolite of oxcarbazepine was 88, 79, and 68 μmol/l in children, adults, and elderly, respectively. In patients shifted to oxcarbazepine treatment, seizure frequency was unchanged in 51‐66%, 32‐48% had a decrease, and 1‐10% an increase in seizure frequency, considering the individual seizure types separately. Adverse events were reported in one third of patients, most frequently affecting the CNS (dizziness: 6%; sedation: 6%; fatigue: 6%). Rash was reported in 6% of patients, half of these patients had previously had an allergic reaction to carbamazepine. Hyponatremia was found in about a quarter of the patients from whom data were available. No congenital malformations were seen in nine live‐born, first trimester oxcarbazepine‐exposed children.


Abstract We investigated the occurrence of intracolonial genetic variability (IGV) in Pocillopora corals in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Ninety‐six colonies were threefold‐sampled from three sites in Reunion Island. Nubbins were genotyped using 13 microsatellite loci, and their multilocus genotypes compared. Over 50% of the colonies presented at least two different genotypes among their three nubbins, and IGV was found abundant in all sites (from 36.7% to 58.1%). To define the threshold distinguishing mosaicism from chimerism, we developed a new method based on different evolution models by computing the number of different alleles for the infinite allele model (IAM) and the Bruvo's distance for the stepwise mutation model (SMM). Colonies were considered as chimeras if their nubbins differed from more than four alleles and if the pairwise Bruvo's distance was higher than 0.12. Thus 80% of the IGV colonies were mosaics and 20% chimeras (representing almost 10% of the total sampling). IGV seems widespread in scleractinians and beyond the disabilities of this phenomenon reported in several studies, it should also bring benefits. Next steps are to identify these benefits and to understand processes leading to IGV, as well as factors influencing them.


Although consumers in emerging markets continue to exhibit a strong preference for nonlocal brands from developed countries due to their perceived high quality and symbolic image (Batra et al., 2000; Steenkamp et al., 2002; Wang, Siu & Hui, 2004; Zhou & Hui, 2003), the performance of these brands has been mixed. In general, the relative market position of foreign brands is declining, and the advance of foreign brands in certain markets has halted, if not reversed (Keller & Moorthi, 2003; Roberts, 1997). This trend seems to be particularly obvious in China, one of the largest and most lucrative developing markets in the world, where consumers are already showing a tendency to move away from foreign brands in favor of local offerings in many product categories (China Business Times, 1999; Cui, 1997; Rheem, 1996; Zhou & Hui, 2003).


Significant amounts of data are collected and stored during chemical process operations. The corresponding datasets are typically difficult to represent and analyze using traditional visualization methods. This article introduces time-explicit Kiviat diagrams as a means to visualize the multidimensional time series data acquired from plant operations. This framework is then used to build multivariate control charts for large scale time series datasets, and to develop a fault detection mechanism that lends itself to real-time implementation. The proposed methodology is applied to an industrial case study as well as to data obtained from the Tennessee Eastman process simulator, showing very good performance. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4277–4293, 2015


Aiming at the insufficient steady-state accuracy of half-bridge dual-Buck inverter applying the dual close-loop control of voltage and current,an improved resonance controller is analyzed based on its mathematical model,which magnifies the amplitude of input signal at the resonance point,without phase change.The voltage resonance controller is formed by combining the improved resonant controller with the traditional dual close-loop controller of voltage and current to enhance the steady-state accuracy of inverter,which is realized only by simple analog circuit with easy parameter design.A 6 kV·A prototype applying voltage resonance controller is developed and experimental results show the correctness of theoretical analysis.


Analyzes the existing of the secondary voltage loss for the voltage transformer, makes the export voltage of voltage transformer be the same with the terminal voltage of the Watt-hour meter to get the more correct measurement result, and there also is an example in the paper.


This paper compares the industrial structures in Chongqing and in northeast China from their industrial compositions,interior structures and industrial changes.It analyzes the question of "Three High Three Low" existing in Chongqing′s industrial structure.On this basis,some suggestions in this field are proposed: to promote the harmonious development of the three industries,to optimize the arrangement of industrial structure,to boost concordant development of urban and rural areas and to accelerate the construction of social security.


Objective To observe whether cholangiole of human hepatocyte can be marked with IL-2R(subscript α) or not. Methods Hepatic tissues from patients with chronic active hepatitis B, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) or drug-induced hepatitis were marked with IL-2R, the expressions of IL-2R(subscript α) on cholangiole of human hepatocyte were observed by immunohistochemisty, immunofluorescence and immunonlicroscope. Results Cholangiole of human hepatocyte can be accurately marked with IL-2R(subscript α) through immunohistochemisty and immunofluorescence hut the other membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus of human hepatocyte can not be marked with IL-2R(subscript α). There was clear high electron density on the cholangiole of human hepatocyte by immunomicroscope. Conclusion Cholangiole of human hepatocyte does express marker IL-2R(subscript α). which can be used as a new marker for cholangiole of human hepatocyte. IL-2R(subscript α), staining showed better sensitivity and specificity.


Abstract Most molecular phylogenetic studies of beetles (order Coleoptera) using 18S rDNA have recovered the suborders Adephaga and Polyphaga as sister groups, together sister to the suborders Myxophaga and Archostemata, with Archostemata alone or in combination with Myxophaga as the closest relative of all other beetles. Analyses of data from other genes have recovered alternative arrangements. Estimated subordinal divergence times based on analyses of DNA sequence data and fossil calibrations range from ∼ 285–266 million years ago (Ma), with most extant families estimated to have originated in the Jurassic. However, timing and patterns of ecological and taxonomic diversification remain uncertain for most beetle groups primarily due to limited gene and nucleotide sampling, missing data, and a corresponding lack of well-supported resolution. Consequently, the nature and degree to which events in earth's history (e.g., the diversification and rise of angiosperms to ecological dominance) have influenced the success of Coleoptera remains unclear. Nevertheless, the phylogeny of beetles is being revealed via molecular studies with large taxon and gene samples, presenting renewed and novel opportunities for the study of beetle macroevolution.


Abstract In this paper, we propose the use of cluster adaptive training (CAT) weights as features in support vector machine (SVM) based text-independent verification task. The speaker utterance is characterized by a vector of cluster weights, which are extracted during the cluster adaptive training process. The effects of the number of classes, which are obtained by partitioning the components of the model, and the number of clusters on the verification performance are investigated. To remove session variability due to influences of microphone, environment, etc, Nuisance Attribute Projection (NAP) is also evaluated. Experimental results in a NIST SRE 2006 task show that this CAT weights SVM system achieves comparable performance to a state-of-the-art cepstral GMM-UBM verification system, and their fusion can give further performance gains. Index Terms : CAT, SVM, NAP, GMM-UBM, fusion 1. Introduction For the task of text-independent speaker verification, the most prevalent framework is the Gaussian Mixture Model – Universal Background Model (GMM-UBM) framework [1], where the speaker model is constructed by Maximum a Posterior (MAP) adaptation of the means of the UBM. In recent years, lots of alternate speaker modeling methods have been proposed. Among these techniques, reference clusters or speakers based adaptation methods (e.g. Clustering Adaptive Training [2], Eigenvoice modeling [3], Reference Speaker Weighting [4], Anchor modeling [5], etc.) are studied extensively both in speech recognition [2, 3, 4] and speaker recognition [5, 6]. In the reference clusters based method, a model is built for each cluster, and then a new speaker model is constructed by a linear interpolation of all the cluster parameters. The aim of this method is to map the enrolled speaker to a new space expanded by reference clusters, in which there may be different discriminative capability. Support vector machines (SVMs) have become one of the most popular classification techniques for speaker recognition, e.g. [8]–[11]. SVMs work on a high-dimensional feature space which is derived by a nonlinear mapping of the input space. To address the performance degradation introduced by session variability (e.g. microphone, environment, etc.), Nuisance Attribute Projection was developed in [10] to remove dimensions from the SVM expansion space that are irrelevant to the classification problem. In this study, we investigated the use of CAT weights as features in SVM based speaker verification. In this method, the characteristic of a speaker is modeled using the CAT weights, which are stacked into a vector in the space spanned by a set of pre-selected reference clusters. NAP is then applied to reduce session variability in the cluster weight vectors. Fusion of this new system with conventional GMM-UBM system is also investigated in this study. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we will review cluster adaptive training. In Section 3, we present the use of vectors of CAT weights vectors in SVM based speaker verification. In Section 4, we report experimental results in a NIST speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) 2006 task. Conclusion will be given at the end of this paper.


N RECENT years the attention of farm management economists has been drawn to a field relatively unexplored by research workers. This field covers the decisions made by farmers under conditions when the decisions relate to production ventures the outcomes of which are not known with certainty. The most important phases of this uncertainty are associated with the passing of time and include weather, insects and diseases, and cost and price variations, as well as more personal aspects such as length of life, health, and, in more recent times, institutional factors such as the chances of being subjected to economic controls. Relatively little has been done to determine how farmers, in the dim light of their imperfect knowledge, actually formulate their decisions in response to changes inherent in the economic environment in which they operate. The progress made in developing concepts and theories has far outpaced the ability or the willingness of investigators to determine by empirical research the usefulness of these theories in interpreting observed events in agriculture. The economic variables which link successive time periods are the attitudes and the expectations of farmers, and the entrepreneurial decisions and acts which are motivated by them. These attitudes, decisions, and acts influence the position attained by the firm in later periods of time. It is suggested that farm management research workers, as applied economists, should accept the challenge to include this aspect of farming in their own sphere of responsibilities.


: The purpose of this study is to explore the application effect of Datura note teaching method in standardized training of new nurses in pediatric emergency department. By comparing the experimental group and the control group, it is found that the new nurses in the experimental group are significantly higher than those in the control group in theoretical examination scores, operational skills assessment scores and self-evaluation questionnaire scores. These results show that Datura note teaching method can improve the training effect and professional ability of new nurses, and also help to improve their self-evaluation ability and autonomous learning ability. Datura note teaching method summarizes and sorts out the knowledge points of theory and operation skills, which helps new nurses to form a systematic knowledge system, encourages new nurses to think and find problems actively, and improves their understanding and memory ability of theoretical knowledge. Through the application of Datura note teaching method, new nurses can better master the common nursing knowledge and skills in emergency department, improve their practical ability, and thus provide better medical services for patients.


Intelligent shift is a developing trend of the vehicle automatic transmission.In this paper,the prob- lem that how to realize intelligent control on the power shifting transmission of construction vehicle is studied with the control aim of the optimal driving.ZL50 wheel loader equipped with 4D180 hydraulic torque-con- verter is taken as object and the simulative model of powertrain and frame of construction vehicle are set up. On this base,intelligent control system of automatic shifting-selection based on CNN(chaotic neural network) for construction vehicle is designed.And a series of simulation studies are carried out by means of Matlab.The results of simulation show that the structure and algorithm of intelligent control system put forward in this pa- per is feasible and can realize automatic transmission of construction vehicle.


Biological materials obtained during routine veterinary treatment and necropsies on zoo and aquarium animals provide opportunities to study a wide variety of phenomena, many of which have important implications for wildlife conservation and captive animal management. Collection and shipment of biological materials require extensive coordination, and few zoological institutions have developed detailed, standardized protocols to facilitate these efforts. The value of using biological materials is reviewed and a set of policies and guidelines are outlined for their collection, preservation, and shipment. Several related issues are discussed, including health hazards and liability issues, permit requirements, and animal welfare considerations.


The atomic volumes, the bulk moduli, the magnetizations, the gain susceptibilities and the derivatives of these quantities with respect to pressure have been obtained from first principles for Fe, Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt at 0K using canonical band theory and the local spin-density approximation for exchange and correlation. The agreement with experiment is surprisingly good. For Fe the calculated ferromagnetic contribution to the pressure is nearly large enough to account for the relative softness and large volume in the BCC phase and it creates an instability in the FCC phase.


Ancient China did not form the idea of democracy in its modern sense. Actually, democracy is a topic after the democratic idea entered the Chinese society and fused into the Chinese national culture; then democratic spirit became an important part of the national Chinese spirit after China staged on the modern era. The process that the Chinese people appealed to democratic belief and institute had witnessed a course from simple introductions to learning and imitation, and finally to adapting to the Chinese context. All the famous revolutionary movements, such as the 1898 Reform Movement, the Bourgeois Revolution led by Sun Yetsen, the Democratic Movement by all liberalist parties, and the New Democratic Revolution, are social practices of the Chinese people who sought democratic thoughts and institute. In this process, democratic culture merged into the Chinese civilization, and the western democracy was gradually Chinenized, which brought forward the formation of the Chinese national spirit.


Anti roll stiffness is a key technical parameter of anti roll bar system,and this work delicate in the influence factor,inelastic of anti roll stiffness,and provide a feasible model of FEA stiffness calculation.


In this paper,Some properties of product poisson manifold are discussed,some formulas of Hamilton vector field are also obtained;Morover,the Concept of Poisson Group is introduced in this paper and is applied in poisson manifold


The generalization error is one of the most important features taken into account in performance evaluation and verification of any classifier. We propose a voting system based on homogenous base classifiers (HVC) which ensures a better generalization capability than any of its components. The principle of this idea consists in the differentiation of a learning data set for each base classifier and does not relate to their architecture, learning algorithm or any parameters. Therefore, this concept could be applied to decision trees, neural networks, statistical classifiers and many others. In order to show the superiority of HVC we performed several comparative tests on some data sets using cross-validation.


Objective: A series of pyrazole substituted benzimidazole derivatives were subjected to in silico studies to identify a new lead for anti-tubercular, antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Methods: Docking studies was carried out against Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA bound with ETH-NAD adduct-PDB ID: 2H9I and Crystal structure of S. aureus TyrRS in complex with SB-239629-PDB ID: 1JIJ.
Results: Based on the binding interactions, binding energies, and ADMET predictions, the most active compounds were produced, consisting of a para-halo phenyl substitution at the pyrazole nucleus that was connected to benzimidazole. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for tuberculostatic activity using microplate Almar blue assay method, and anti-microbial and anti-fungal activity by disc diffusion method.
Conclusion: Compound 5c with chloro substituted phenyl ring on the pyrazole showed moderate anti-tubercular, mild antifungal and anti-microbial activity. This compound may thus represent a novel, multi target molecule having a selective class of anti-tubercular, anti-fungal and anti-microbial activity.


Cognitive radio (CR) techniques promise to significantly increase the available spectrum thus wireless bandwidth. With the increase of spectrum allowed for CR, it is critical and challenging to perform efficient wideband sensing. We propose an integrated sequential wideband sensing framework which concurrently exploits sequential detection and compressed sensing (CS) techniques for more accurate and lower cost spectrum sensing. First, to ensure more timely spectrum detection while avoiding the high overhead involved in periodic recovery of CS signals, we design a CS-based sequential wideband detection scheme to effectively detect the PU activities in the wideband of interest. Second, to further identify the sub-channels occupied, we exploit joint sparsity of the signals among neighboring users to achieve efficient cooperative wideband sensing. Our performance evaluations demonstrate that our proposed scheme can outperform other peer schemes significantly in terms of the detection delay, detection accuracy, sensing overhead and sensing accuracy.


To the Editor:—I was much interested in Dr. Ilona Vass's article, "Treatment of Pityriasis Rosea with Trichophyton Extract" (Arch. Dermat. & Syph.51: 203 [March] 1945), because it stated that intradermal injections of trichophyton extract were of benefit in the treatment of pityriasis rosea. It was found that when this extract was so administered three times weekly for three to six injections of a 1: 500 dilution there was a decided improvement in the majority of patients, whereas a 1:30 dilution of the same extract injected into the skin produced a temporary aggravation of the eruption in others. For these reasons the author concluded that the theory of a fungous origin of pityriasis rosea was favored. Goodman (Arch. Dermat. & Syph.25:873 [May] 1931) raised the question of this possible relationship because of a series of positive reactions to trichophyton which he obtained in patients with the


A polypous fibro-papilloma deevloped in the upper trachea, just below the larynx of a 51-year-old farmer, who had been suffering from increasing cough and progressive dyspnea began two months prior to consultation, was extirpated under general anesthesia performed by intubation through tracheotomy opening. This tumor protruded into the tracheal lumen with broad basement including the second tracheal cartilage, and was 18×9×8mm in size. Microscopically, the core of this tumor consisted mainly of hyalinized, fibrotic tissue containing partially calcified cartilage and scattered leucocytic infiltrations, and its periphery was covered with epithelial lining with papillary proliferation of squamous epithelium, and characterized by the marked proliferation of the underlying mucous glands. At the surgical removal of this tumor, anomalies of the thyroid cartilage and weakness of the arcus of cricoid cartilage were manifested, and also, weakness and undernumerary development of the tracheal cartilages were noted.In conclusion, the abnormal movement of larynx due to these developmental anomalies of laryngeal and tracheal cartilages could be considered to have the causative relationship to the development of this rare polypous fibro-papilloma in the upper trachea.


Introduction: We recently reported the discovery of E-MNHN-002, a compound Ca-Al-rich Inclusion (CAI)-chondrule object from the reduced CV3 chondrite Efremovka, composed of an amoeboid olivine aggregate (AOA) core surrounded by a type I chondrule mantle [1]. Its petrographic study indicates that a Ca-Al-rich AOA accreted an olivine + metal mantle akin to the precursors of type I chondrules and that this compound precursor underwent partial melting in the conditions of chondrule formation with inward diffusion of SiO 2 condensed from the nebular gas and concomitant outward diffusion of refractory elements. To confirm this interpretation and obtain new insights on CAI and chondrule formation we performed a detailed O isotopic study of E-MNHN-002 and several neighbouring chondrules by multicol-lector SIMS with the IMS 1270 ion microprobe at the CRPG national facility in Nancy, France, using well-established analytical procedures. Typical errors were between 0.3‰ and 1‰ (2σ), allowing a detailed study of small mass fractionation effects. Results and discussion: O isotopes in E-MNHN-002 plot along a slope 1.0 line [2] with the innermost AOA spinels (sp) being the most 16 O-rich minerals (δ 17 O ≈ δ 18 O <-40‰). An O isotope exchange with a 16 O-poor outer reservoir is recorded by 16 O depletions correlated with both mineralogy [sp < olivine < pyroxene (px) < plagioclase (plag)] and position in the inclusion (interior < exterior). Minerals in the chondrule mantle lay at the 16 O-poor end of the trend with low-Ca px being systematically the most 16 O-depleted mineral (apart from mesostasis) and having O isotopic compositions similar to those observed in chon-drules (-13‰ < δ


Two numerical models for simulation of concrete cracking and bond slip have been implemented and applied in various comparative analyses. Both models were implemented in the commercial finite element system ABAQUS. The concrete crack model was based on the enhanced strain concept, while the interface model was developed and formulated to simulate the bond slip behaviour at the release of the prestressing force in the strands in prestressed hollow core slabs. The concrete crack model was implemented as an element model using C++ and was realised using three abstract data types. This method of implementation not only made it possible to get a well structured code but also laid the foundation for future implementations of more complex element types. The interface model (simulating bond slip) was implemented as a constitutive model using Fortran 77.
 To investigate the capability of the models, they were applied in several comparative analyses of laboratory experiments. For the concrete crack model three different experiments were studied: a pull-out test, a shear test and a combined tension-shear test. The model proved to be reasonably good at simulating the response of the different tests. Before using the interface model for its intended purpose, i.e., modelling the release of the prestressing force in prestressed hollow core slabs, numerous comparative analyses of laboratory experiments were conducted aiming at verifying the capacity of the model. This investigation showed that the interface model did reproduce reasonably well the behaviour observed in the experiments. After the series of comparative analyses, the interface model was used in several analyses of hollow core slabs, in an effort to establish failure limits of influential parameters of the slabs.


An enzymic method is presented for the preparation of 14C-labelled and C1-deuterated D-glucose, to be used as a radioactive tracer in metabolic studies dealing with the fate of D-[1-2H]glucose. The procedure takes advantage of the deuteration of 14C-labelled D-fructose 6-phosphate during exposure to phosphomannoisomerase in D2O. It further includes the conversion of the deuterated hexose monophosphates to D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, its isolation and hydrolysis to D-fructose 6-phosphate and the partial conversion of the latter ester to D-glucose 6-phosphate, which is then isolated by ion exchange chromatography and hydrolyzed to unesterified D-glucose. The extent of deuteration on the C1 of D-glucose was judged, after conversion to D-glucose 6-phosphate, from the isotopic discrimination in reaction velocity exerted towards the C1-deuterated ester by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The degree of isotopic discrimination was virtually identical to that found with D-glucose 6-phosphate prepared from pure D-[1-2H]glucose.


SummaryOf the non-gonococcal urethro-adnexitis infections, approximately 35% are due to Chlamydia trachomatis and 25% to mycoplasma, mainly Ureaplasma urealyticum. Chlamydia and ureaplasma are highly sensitive to erythromycin. Because of the frequency of re-infections, a 2 to 3-week treatment with 1 g erythromycin twice daily should be used for both these infectious agents and, in order to avoid re-infection by these sexually transmitted diseases, the partner should always be treated.


The aim of the thesis is to examine and estimate the effects of military expenditure, institutions and conflict on economic development. The military expenditure and economic growth nexus is re-analysed in the context of threat and security dimensions. In particular the proposed empirical model is a non-linear one that is characterised by the external and internal threat levels. The findings are that when the internal and external threat levels are below threshold values, a rise in military expenditure results in a fall in growth. Conversely, when the external and internal threat levels are higher than threshold values, a rise in military expenditure results in a rise in growth. The regression analysis starts with a widely-used single cross-section methodology that is likely to suffer from omitted variable and endogenity problems. These problems are solved by using panel fixed-effects methodology with instrumental variables. The functionality of institutions and their indispensability in the stages of development are studied. The problem of the unquantifiable aspect of institutions is solved using proxies and indices taken from the literature. As a result, a general index is constructed that encompasses the main variability in different institutions using a principal component analysis. The findings are in line with the recent lit-


Criteria of family association of the orbits of celestial bodies are widely used in astronomy. For example, they are used for identifying small bodies of the solar system with possible parent bodies, discovering family connections with asteroid groups, meteor associations, and designation of the elements of mean orbits of meteoroid streams. Similarity of the Keplerian elements of their orbits is considered to be a criterion for family association of two bodies. This question, which is based on the solution of a limited three-body problem, was considered for the first time by F. Tisserand in 1889. It was concluded that a necessary condition for the family association of two comets is the proximity of their invariants:


In two-flavor dense quark matter, we describe the dynamics in the single plane wave Larkin– Ovchinnikov–Fulde–Ferrell (LOFF) state satisfying the color and electric neutrality conditions. We find that because the neutral LOFF state itself suffers from a chromomagnetic instability in the whole region where it coexists with the (gapped/gapless) two-flavor superconducting (2SC/g2SC) phases, it cannot cure this instability in those phases. This is unlike the recently revealed gluonic phase which seems can resolve this problem.


time delays, this paper problem of modeling and classifying human six-dimensional (position ctories. A dual path s reviewed which explored both deterministic approaches and stochastic approaches using Hidden ov Models. Finally, recent results are from a new model which represents the fusion of these two research paths. Questions are also raised about the possibility of automatically generating autonomous actions by reusing the same predictive models of human behavior to be the source of autonomous control. This approach changes the role of teleoperation from being a stand-in for autonomy into the first data collection step for developing generative models capable of autonomous control of the robot.


Planar motor is an important research area in complex automation system. In this paper, a simple and efficient topological structure of Halbach magnet array for planar motor is proposed. The Equivalent Magnetic Charge (EMC) method is used to analyze the proposed array. The calculation results of EMC method, compared with the results of Finite Element Method (FEM) using ANSOFT, indicate that the EMC method is reasonable and accurate. So the EMC method in this paper is applicable to simplify 3D model of complex automation system in order to research the optimal decoupling method and control strategy.


Surprisingly few commercial ELISAs are available for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in animals, and none for use in sheep have been evaluated. We thus compared the Bommeli Diagnostics ELISA Toxotest for the detection of T. gondii antibodies in ruminants with the reference modified agglutination test (MAT) in a series of 180 sheep sera. ELISA results were analysed at two cut‐off levels (30%, comprising both weakly positive and positive results, and 100%, comprising only positive results), and compared with MAT at three cut‐off levels (titre of 1 : 25, 1 : 50 and 1 : 100). The results showed a moderate agreement of ELISA at both cut‐offs (κ = 0.46 and 0.51) with MAT at a cut‐off titre of 1 : 100. However, the specificity and positive predictive value were above 95% only at an ELISA cut‐off of 100%, indicating its potential as a diagnostic test, particularly in areas with a high prevalence of infection. On the other hand, lower sensitivity and negative predictive value limit its value as a screening test. Thus, the ELISA Toxotest may be used for quick diagnosis of T. gondii infection in sheep in the field, i.e. for the differential diagnosis of ovine abortion storms.


On 14 December 2001, German expatriate writer W.G. Sebald died in a car accident in East Anglia. He had been at the height of his literary career. e English translations of his novelseEmigrants (1997) andeRings of Saturn (1999) had only recently established his position among his generation's best writers—both German and English. Only a few months before his untimely death, a translation of what would be his final novel, Austerlitz, was published. rough its unnamed narrator, the reader follows Jacques Austerlitz's personal struggle to uncover his deeply repressed identity as a Czech refugee who as a young child fled Nazi territory on the Kindertransport. In this essay I will examine what might at first appear to be a very narrow topic within Austerlitz: two appearances of Noah's Ark. e first is a golden picture of the Ark (reproduced on page forty-three of the text) in the Freemasons' temple of the Great Eastern Hotel in London. It is while gazing at this "ornamental gold-painted picture of a threestory ark floating beneath a rainbow, and the dove just returning to it carrying the olive branch in her beak" (43) that Austerlitz decides that "he must find someone to whom he could relate his own story, a story which he had learned only in the last few years and for which he needed the kind of listener I [the narrator] had once been in Antwerp, Liège, and Zeebrugge" (43-44). e second Ark appears much later, when Austerlitz describes visiting the hermetically sealed billiards room of Iver Grove, an abandoned estate on the outskirts of postwar Oxford. erein, "sealed away so long from the flow of the hours and days and the succession of the generations" (108), was a toy "Noah's Ark with the pairs of well-behaved animals saved from the Flood looking out of it" (108). I will interpret these appearances by connecting the Ark, and the devastating flood from which it enables Noah to escape, to a broad and pervasive theme of the novel: the metaphor of water as time. Austerlitz himself makes this metaphor explicit in a conversation with the narrator at the Royal Observatory just after photographing a pocket watch:


We consider the quantization of linearized fluctuations of the metric and matter fields about a Lifshitz background, exploring the possibility of alternative boundary conditions, allowing the slow fall-off modes to fluctuate. We find that for z > 2, slow fall-off modes for some of the linearized fluctuations are normalizable, which opens up the possibility of considering alternative boundary conditions. Analysing stability, we find that alternative boundary conditions for the momentum density are allowed, but alternative boundary conditions for the energy density lead to an instability of the type we recently discovered in a similar analysis for scalar fields on a fixed Lifshitz background. Our investigation is in the context of the simple massive vector model, but we would expect the conclusions to be more general.


A dual -column biofilter system with two different composts was used to investigate the macro-kinetics of dim-ethyl disulfide (DMDS) degradation. The biofilter columns were filled with compost mixtures up to one meter, The gas How rate and DMDS concentration to the biofilters were varied to study their effect on the removal characteris-tics of DMDS. It was found that the biodegradation of DMDS was governed by zero-order reaction -limited macro-kinetics for inlet DMDS concentrations between 10 and 55 ppmv. The overall average zero-order kinetic coeffi-cient for DMDS removal by compost was 0.50 (0.1) ppm/sec for both compost mixtures studied. Variations in individual kinetic coefficients were observed due to varying environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature. The kinetic coefficients determined are specific to the system discussed in this work. During high acidity conditions in the filter beds, methyl mercaptan (MM) was observed in the gas samples collected. Appearance of MM was pro-bably due to decreased microbial activity in the lower portions of the biofilter. Considering the neutral pH range required and the presence of methyl mercaptan, it is likely that the microorganisms present in the biofilters used in this research are similar to the T. thioparus (strain E6) species.


At this stage, the owner committee, neighborhood committee, and estate management companies do not meet the development of community self- government. Only reasonably positioned its role can we promote community self- government. The current functions of the community's neighborhood committee, institutional conflict between laws and regulations, the functions of three depart- ments overlap, conflict, they all hinder the development of community self-gov- ernment and autonomy, so we should re- position the roles of the three in the community.


We are exploring the role of Siglec‐11, a member of the sialic acid‐recognizing immunoglobulin‐like lectin family, in the modulation of microglial functions in the human brain. Human SIGLEC11 underwent two tandem and likely simultaneous gene conversions by the adjacent pseudogene SIGLEC16P (Wang et al., Mol. Biol. Evol., 29:2073‐2086, 2012). These genes conversions preserved an intact open reading frame, but changed 5' untranslated sequences, likely altering transcription of SIGLEC11. Using specific antibodies, we confirmed the resulting uniquely human expression of Siglec‐11 in brain microglia, and next wished to define its ligands. Surprisingly, we did not observe robust binding of human Siglec‐11 to any sialic acid‐containing glycan in multiple assay platforms. In contrast chimpanzee Siglec‐11 strongly recognized several glycans terminating with sialic acid, with a preference for the non‐human sialic acid N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Accordingly, chimp Siglec‐11 bound to cells proportionally to their Neu5Gc content, but human Siglec‐11 exhibited minimal binding to the same cells. We also found that human Siglec‐11 binds to a microglial cell line independently of sialic acid, and are characterizing the nature of this ligand. Alterations in the expression pattern and ligand‐binding specificity of human Siglec‐11 may have evolved to generate novel, human‐specific functions in the brain.


Electricite de France last year signed a contract with Sema Group to undertake the first phase of a programme to overhaul its national control centre. By 2000, the EDF load dispatch centre will be equipped with an advanced energy management system which will ensure the safe operation of France's national grid and offer improved power quality, while reducing generation and transmission costs.


The reactivity of the hydrogenated Si(111) surface toward H2O and O2 was investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism of oxidation of the first silicon bilayer in air. Density functional theory calculations were performed to identify elementary reaction steps and their corresponding activation energy barriers. The perfect surface is unreactive toward H2O and O2 at room temperature as deduced from the high energy barriers found. However, isolated Si dangling bonds, (Si3)Si·, surrounded by SiH groups, readily react with O2 (but not with H2O), producing a silanone intermediate of the form (Si2O)SiO· where one of the silicon back bonds is oxidized. This intermediate is reached after a series of elementary steps with very small activation energy barriers. In the next step, the oxygen atom of the silanone group inserts into a Si–Si back bond, and the surface silicon dangling bond is regenerated as a (SiO2)Si· moiety in which the silyl group has two oxidized back bonds. This initiates a surface chain reactio...


Shows how hybrid systems can be modeled as products of nonlinear control systems and finite state automata. A hybrid system is a network consisting of a continuous, nonlinear control system connected to a discrete finite-state automation. The point of view taken is that the automation switches between the control systems, and that this switching is a function of the discrete input symbols or letters that it receives. It is shown how a nonlinear control system can be viewed as a pair consisting of a bialgebra of operators coding the dynamics, and an algebra of observations coding the state space. It is also shown that a finite automation has a similar representation. A hybrid system is then modeled by taking suitable products of the bialgebras coding the dynamics and the observation algebras coding the state spaces.<<ETX>>


Faultline Deactivation: Dealing with Activated Faultlines and Conflicts in Global Teams Maarten van der Kamp1, Brian V. Tjemkes2, Karen A. Jehn1 1The University of Melbourne; 2VU University We develop a faultline deactivation model in order to minimize the salience of faultlines, and prevent conflicts in global teams. Our propositions point out the crucial roles of diversity training, superordinate team identity, direct channels for interaction, reflexivity, centralized leadership, and team collective trust in deactivating faultlines in global teams.


isaac asimovs book of science and nature quotations is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the isaac asimovs book of science and nature quotations is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Objective To investigate the effects of lovastatin (LOV) on Rho GTPases activity and cytoskeleton organization in MCF 7 cells. Methods Expression levels of RhoA, Rac2, and RhoGDI mRNA were determined by RT PCR analysis. GTP binding activity of Rho GTPases was detected by autoradiography. Microfilament and intermediate filament reformations were observed by confocal laser microscopy and electron microscopy. Results After treatment of MCF 7 cells with 4-16 μmol/L LOV for 48-72 h, the expression levels of Rac2 mRNA and RhoGDI mRNA were up regulated, but the binding abilities of Rho GTPases and GTP decreased AT 72 h after treatment. There was no obvious change in the expression of RhoA mRNA. In addition, LOV obviously accelerated the reformation of microfilament and intermediate filament in dose and time dependent manners in MCF 7 cells. Conclusion LOV can inhibit the activation of Rho GTPases through blocking the post translational geranylgeranylpyrophosphate of Rho GTPases, but can obviously promote the cytoskeleton reorganization in MCF 7 cells.


The World is slowly turning out from hard work to smart work i.e. from hardware to software. The Purpose of envelope generation is to provide a feel of Drum kit. The various parts of Drum kit can be felt, played and heard with real time simulation. The Karplus Strong Algorithm is used to generate the sounds of different instruments like cymbal, metallic plink, kick drum, Hihat. The elementary signals like sine wave, square wave have been used in order to get the appropriate sounds of different instruments. The actual sound of the particular instrument like snare drum and Tom Tom are generated by using the Butterworth filter of different order. The Physical appearance of the whole drum kit can be visualized on a Graphical User Interface and this can analyze and synthesize the sounds with different frequencies [4]. The users can play the instruments through a keyboard and generate their own music notes, melodies, songs. This Software based kit can be helpful in learning the different musical instruments. The overall approach was to provide a software based sound system which is adaptable, cost effective, can be easily affordable for the users, through which different music notes can be generated etc. This work can be further expanded for creating any software based musical studio.


Background/Aims: Allen Carr's Easyway to Stop Smoking (AC) is widely used. There are no published randomised clinical trials (RCT) to support its use. Pharmacotherapy and counselling are effective smoking cessation treatments but pharmacotherapy is not used in AC. AC is a behavioural intervention which seems unique. Primary aim: to determine if AC had higher quit rates than Quit.ie service (Quit.ie is an online portal for smoking cessation) at 3months(mos), secondary aims: quit rates at 1,6, and 12mos. and determining associated factors including weight change. Methods: Open, single centre, RCT, 300 smokers recruited, 18yrs plus, a minimum 5 cigarettes daily, matched for age, sex and education, were randomly assigned to AC and Quit.ie. Participants with acute cardiac, respiratory, serious psychiatric illnesses, on-going treatment for alcohol/ illicit drugs were excluded. AC consisted of a 5 hour seminar, in a group setting. Self-reported and CO validated quit rates were analysed at 1,3,6, and 12mos. Results: AC, 151 and Quit.ie, 149 mean age 44 years, outcomes for all 300 were analysed on an Intention to Treat basis.(West et al., 2005) AC had higher quit rates at 1,3,6, and 12mos, AC: 38%(n=57), 27%(n=40), 23%(n=35), 22 %(n=33) vs Quit.ie: 20%(n=30), 15%(n=22), 15%(n=23), 11%(n=17), respectively (all pvalues Conclusions: Allen Carr quit rates were superior to Quit.ie, comparable to established interventions, and deserves further evaluation.


Objective To study the relation between coping style,social support and living quality of chronic hepatitis B patients.Methods Sixty-six chronic hepatitis B patients were surveyed with medical coping questionnaire,comprehending society support scale and SF-36 heahhy measure- ment.Results Living quality of chronic hepatitis B patients was lower than that of the control group(P=0.00).The healthy coping style score was lower than the norm (P0.05);the esca- ping and giving up coping style scores were higher than the norm(P0.01).The healthy coping style was positively related to the physical function,physical ache,general health condition,ener- gy,emotional function and psychological health;escaping coping style was negatively correlated to general health condition and emotional function;giving up coping style was negatively related to social function;and comprehending society support was positively related to life quality.Conclusion Living quality of chronic hepatitis B patients is low and is influenced by coping style and social support.The coping style and social support of chronic hepatitis B patients should be assessed in clinical practice.Effective psychological intervention should be employed to help patients with ac- tive coping style and efficient social support,so as to improve the living quality of chronic hepatitis B patients.


The influence of growth conditions and post-annealing treatment on rf-magnetron sputtered lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films has been investigated, and the structural, microstructural and electrical properties have been examined. Perovskite structure was obtained by conventional annealing as well as by Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA). The structure and the microstructure of the films are directly related to the thermal process. The films were dense and crack-free. The ferroelectric properties and the fatigue are very sensitive to the annealing treatment. The piezoelectric properties of PZT films have been evaluated by the embedded beam method. The results show that PZT films grown by sputtering can be used to realize micro-actuators/sensors devices on silicon substrates.


Abstract A checklist is presented to assist in evaluation of commercially available mapping software. The checklist breaks down software features into the following general categories: the range of map types, availability and flexibility of data files, and evaluation of the program itself, including ease of use, the manual, tutorial, appearance of screens, screen help, error handling, map design flexibility, hard copy output, choropleth classification, and isoline/3-D map options. A discussion accompanies the checklist.


Introduction COVID19 has significantly impacted undergraduate medical education. At Hull York Medical School, the elective period for fifth-year students was cancelled and a seven-week online distance learning course was developed and initiated, focusing on key learning outcomes. Our aim was to incorporate live simulation to add an interactive element to online fifth-year teaching. Methods We wrote and recorded immersive 360-degree scenarios tailored to learning outcomes for the week. These focused on the assessment, investigation, and management of an unwell patient. The scenarios were delivered as small group teaching sessions through online meeting software weekly for seven weeks. Clinical teaching fellows guided sessions, encouraging participation, the application of knowledge and progression of clinical reasoning. Quantitative and qualitative feedback was collected after every session and pre/post course evaluation was conducted. A Likert scale from 1 to 5 was used to subjectively assess student's confidence in the assessment and management of acutely unwell patients. Results The number of students participating in the online simulation course ranged from 127 to 149; 84 to 136 completed the surveys each week. 95.8% of students reported virtual simulation as a beneficial form of learning. Of those, 60.4% stated virtual simulations complemented other forms of teaching and 39.6% felt that simulations were more beneficial. Mean confidence rating improved from 3.52 to 4.12 for assessment and 2.89 to 3.68 for management of acutely unwell patients (p-value Discussion and Conclusion Online simulation was a valuable learning resource to final year medical students at the Hull York Medical School during their distance learning block. It improved the student's confidence in the assessment and management of acutely unwell patients and provided an interactive educational experience that helped prepare them for hospital placements. Delivering simulation in small groups online is a novel teaching method that can be used in line with social distancing measures and can be developed further for both undergraduate and postgraduate education.


L's Business Travelers Response to Price Changes and Overbooking: It's Effect on Intentional Loyalty In the Hospitality Industry by Nicholas Gordon Dr John Bowen, Examination Committee Chair Director o f Graduate Studies and Research University o f Nevada, Las Vegas Companies that have highly perishable inventories have used yield management quite extensively over the past decade. The process helps to maximize revenues based on demand. The airline industry was the first to adopt the process into a business setting and has seen varying results along the way. Much o f the existing research is geared towards examining the revenue producing potential o f the system. There has been little research however, to examine how this process o f shifting price to manipulate demand effects customer loyalty This research attempts to evaluate what the effects actually are when price is used as the major tool in controlling demand. This research w ill address consumer behavior issues associated with yield management pricing. Some examples are how yield management effects perceived value and trust. Issues like overbooking, price thresholds, reference prices, and rate increases w ill also be examined by creating specific scenarios to capture the attitudes o f the business traveler in each case.


Introduction Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) is defined as the highest rate of oxygen consumption during maximal intensity exercise performed until exhaustion and is considered a good index of endurance capacity. Direct measurement of oxygen consumption during the climax of a graded maximal exercise test is the golden standard to measure V̇O2max. V ̇O2max can also be obtained using a submaximal exercise protocol, by extrapolating the HR/V̇O2 curve to the predicted HRmax.


I was intrigued to find that bath salts, which I normally associate with days gone by when Gran had jars of the lavender or rose smelling stuff perched on the edge of her bath, is now a slang code for two substances, (+/-)-4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) or 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a derivative of pyrovalerone, an appetite suppressant.


Abstract The influence of phosphorus supply on Centripetal Passage (CP) of phosphorus across roots of intact plants was studied. Level of root‐introduced 32P which reached the xylem sap served as the measure of CP. Centripetal Passage of phosphorus increased as an asymptote of phosphorus supply. The isotherm closely resembled reports for metabolic accumulation of phosphorus in individual cells. The influence of substrate pH on CP of phosphorus was also studied. Substrate pH at levels of 6.4 and below exerted no apparent influence on CP of phosphorus. Levels above 6.4, however, markedly curtailed CP of phosphorus. These results are similar to reports dealing with the effect of pH on metabolic accumulation of phosphorus in individual cells. The similarity in response of CP to metabolic accumulation of ions in cells across the variables studied adds support to the contention that cell accumulation serves as an integral step in the overall CP process.


Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed to gain insight into the difference in cycling behaviors between the ethylene carbonate (EC)-based and the propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolytes in lithium-ion battery cells. DFT calculations for the ternary graphite intercalation compounds (Li + (S) i C n : S=EC or PC), in which the solvated lithium ion Li + (S) i ( i =1~3) was inserted into a graphite cell, suggested that Li + (EC) i C n was more stable than Li + (PC) i C n in general. Furthermore, Li + (PC) 3 C n was found to be energetically unfavorable, while Li + (PC) 2 C n was stable, relative to their corresponding Li + (PC) i in the bulk electrolyte. The calculations also revealed severe structural distortions of the PC molecule in Li + (PC) 3 C n , suggesting a rapid kinetic effect on PC decomposition reactions, as compared to decompositions of EC. In addition, MD simulations were carried out to examine the solvation structures at a high salt concentration: 2.45 mo kg -1 . The results showed that the solvation structure was significantly interrupted by the counter anions, having a smaller solvation number than that at a lower salt concentration (0.83 mol kg -1 ). We propose that at high salt concentrations, the lithium desolvation may be facilitated due to the increased contact ion pairs, so that a stable ternary GIC with less solvent molecules can be formed without the destruction of graphite particles, followed by solid-electrolyte-interface film formation reactions. The results from both DFT calculations and MD simulations are consistent with the recent experimental observations.


A coupled double quantum well (C-DQW) structure enabling ultrafast, multi-wavelength, all-optical modulation using intersubband transitions, is proposed. It has been shown from the calculation of absorption spectrum and relaxation characteristics that an InGaAs/AlAs C-DQW structure is desirable for application to all-optical switches for multi-wavelength operation at near-infrared wavelengths down to 1.5 µm.


Recently, a new body of work on sexuality and citizenship has emerged. In this article I analyse sexual citizenship through an examination of the concept of sexual rights. How has rights language been used to articulate demands in relation to sexuality? What do we mean by sexual rights or duties? Although the concept is not new, there are competing claims for what are defined as sexual rights and lack of rights, reflecting not only differences in how sexuality is conceptualized but also the fact that there is no singular agreed definition of sexual citizenship. The combination of sexual rights as a contested concept and the increasing usage of the language of citizenship in 'sexual politics', underlines the need for a critical analysis of its meaning and value as a concept. To this end, I have outlined a framework which tries to make sense of the different ways of interpreting sexual rights in terms of three main sub-streams apparent within sexual rights discourse: conduct-based, identity-based and relationship-based rights claims. This is not to imply an uncritical acceptance of the concept of sexual rights, however this may be defined. On the contrary, it is to attempt to clarify similarities and differences between both individual writers and social groups campaigning for social change in relation to sexuality, in order that we may have a more detailed understanding of the limitations and potential of the notion of sexual citizenship.


Managers have a variety of tools at their disposal to influence stakeholder perceptions. Earnings management and the strategic reporting of non-GAAP (pro forma) performance metrics are just two of the many choices on the menu. We investigate how managers' use of other menu items can influence the likelihood that they will disclose pro forma earnings. Specifically, we explore how (1) prior earnings management, current-period (2) operating performance, (3) real earnings management, and (4) accruals management influence the probability that a company will disclose an adjusted earnings metric in its earnings press release and the likelihood that it will do so aggressively. Based on a sample of hand-collected pro forma earnings disclosures, we find that companies that have used up their accruals in prior periods and that engage in less current-period earnings management are more likely to disclose pro forma earnings and to do so aggressively. Moreover, we find some evidence that companies using more real earnings management and with better current operating performance are less likely to report aggressive pro forma numbers. These results suggest that while more past earnings management is consistently positively associated with aggressive pro forma reporting, we find evidence of a substitute relation between aggressive pro forma reporting and both abnormal accruals and real earnings management. Finally, we find evidence that investors appear to understand these tradeoffs as they discount pro forma disclosures in the presence of higher levels of prior earnings management.


A major problem in the recycling of organic wastes in semiarid region is the low concentration of nutrients in the biomass available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of additions of gliricidia biomass as a source of N, and rock powder MB-4 as source of Ca and Mg on the quality and potential nutrient supply of organic compost produced from pruning mango and cattle manure in the semiarid region of NE Brazil. The study was conducted in two stages. First, was at the field of composting in the Fazenda Tamandua, located in Santa Terezinha – PB, where heaps were constructed of 100 kg in a randomized design with four treatments and four replications. Second, the organic compounds were tested in an assay using a randomized design in a greenhouse using maize plant as an indicator of nutrient available. The addition of gliricidia biomass resulted in organic compost with the highest concentration of N (12.1 g.kg-1) and the low C/N ratio (13.9). However, the addition of MB-4 did not lead to higher concentration of Ca and Mg compost. The analyses of variance for the accumulation of nutrients in maize plants showed no significant between the organic composts, but with significant differences compared to control treatment. The addition of gliricidia biomass in the composting the pruning wastes and cattle manure leads to the production of organic compost the best quality.


Two low sensitivity but excellent mass resolution lepton production experiments are reported on, both performed at SLAC. One is a study of e+- production in ..pi../sup + -/ interactions at 18 GeV/c performed using the SLAC hybrid bubble chamber. The other is a study of muon pair production in 15.5 GeV/c ..pi../sup + -/ interactions. It is shown that electrons are due to e pairs and are not produced in anomalously large quantities, and the first model-independent evidence for a mass enhancement below the rho which is not due to Dalitz decays of known mesons. (JFP)


The traditional cylindrical grinding process was analyzed.And assisted vibration was added to the magnetic grinding process,which could improve the surface quality of the processed workpiece and enhance the grinding efficiency.Based on the characteristics of cylindrical grinding,a vibration-assisted magnetic grinding finishing device suitable to cylindrical grinding was designed through refitting the CA6140 lathe.The device has solved the equipment problem for the study of vibration-assisted magnetic grinding process.


The scientification of our country's education study is accompanied by the deepening understanding of the West and achieve a leap again on the basis of our country's educators continuous absorption,practice and transformation.But the originality issue of education research for our education is a very difficult and pressing issue from overall mission.Our education should be to study the national wisdom and traditional culture as a research background,and to enhance the quality of researchers,the practice spirit and imagination of main study,while achieving the conversion of foreign educational theory and building Chinese characteristic education.


Frederick Rolfe's semi-autobiographical novel, Nicholas Crabbe, has generally been misdated. Primarily because of its libellous nature, the novel was not published until 1958, long after its author's death in 1913· As is commonly the case, much delayed publication brings with it distinctive bibliographical problems. While the misdating of a minor work by a minor writer is less than momentous, scrutiny of the factors that have led to the mistake is moderately instructive.


The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 2301 Nigerian boys and 2017 Nigerian girls were measured. Their ages, which were in the range 1-20 years, heights and weights were also recorded. The relationship between these variables are discussed. Selected percentiles of systolic and diastolic pressures for different ages and weights are given.


All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Shell-model calculation of isospin-symmetry breaking correction to superallowed Fermi beta decay Xayavong, L.; Smirnova, N. A.; Bender, M.; Bennaceur, Karim


Enzyme electrodes for amperometric measurement of ammonia was prepared by immobilization of L-glutamate dehydrogenase on an Immobilon-AV Affinity membrane and attachment to a glassy carbon electrode. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) was used as the electroactive species. The electrochemical oxidation of NADH was monitored at +1.0 volt vs. Ag/AgCl. Response was linear from M. The detection limit was 2.0 M. Response time, the optimum pH and life time of enzyme immobilized membrane were 2 min, pH 7.3∼7.6 (Dulbecco's buffer solution) and about 25 days respectively. When the enzyme electrode was applied to the determination with amperometric method, other physiological materials had no interference.


With the increasingly obvious restriction of the ecological environment on economic development, environmental regulations are widely used to achieve "green production," that is, to improve green total factor productivity (GTFP). First, through the econometric model, it can be concluded that command-based environmental regulations could improve GTFP, while market-based environmental regulations have no significant impact on GTFP. Unlike traditional econometric models, machine learning has no specific data requirements and research assumptions. We use Lasso regression to verify the above results by obtaining the optimal tuning parameter. Furthermore, considering that the leap of China's economy is inseparable from foreign direct investment (FDI), we use FDI as a threshold variable. The threshold model results showe that when the intensity of FDI in China ranges between 1.2492 and 1.588, both types of environmental regulations can significantly promote GTFP. These conclusions passed the robustness test. Given the differences in economy and resource endowment among different regions in China, a regional heterogeneity test is conducted. The results show that the current environmental regulations in eastern and central China have no significant impact on GTFP. However, when the intensity of FDI in central China is greater than 3.6868, environmental regulations have a significant promoting effect on GTFP. In western China, when FDI intensity ranges between 1.3950 and 1.5880, market-based environmental regulations can significantly promote GTFP. Further, the path test of the mediation effect model reveals that command-based environmental regulations reduce GTFP by reducing FDI. The above conclusions provide empirical data for the intensity of FDI in different regions of China to improve GTFP.


Intellectual and material basis of intellectual property`s market development is scientific and technical potential of agriindustrial complex which, in spite of decreasing if its financing, remains the base for investment attraction of region. Modern state of innovative sphere in Bryansk region indicates about problems in its functioning. One of the most important functions of innovative infrastructure must be normative-legal and methodological support for functioning of intellectual property`s market in Bryansk region.