Since 1996,Jiangsu has strengthened the environmental legal system construction.Provincial people's congress has promulgated "Water prevention and cure byelaw of Taihu Lake in Jiangsu province".Provincial committee and government have taken the environmental problems as an assessment standard of governors,and proposed the ecological construction goals of Jiangsu province.In this paper,it systematically discussed the inner relationship between ecological Jiangsu construction and environmental law perfection and the international experiences of environmental legal system construction.The problems are analyzed in the light of the present situations of ecological construction in Jiangsu.The corresponding strategy is proposed in the end.


The Taizhou diehard poets in the early Qing Dynasty formed the creation group,which had unique culture features and subordinate relationship with the Yangzhou diehard poets and the Huaihai diehard poets.This group consisted of native diehards of Taizhou and diehards from other places.Wu Jiaji and Mao Xiang were the typical poets among them.From the rang of social activity and life style perspectives,it can also be divided into two types:those who dwelled in their native place and those who roamed from place to place.Due to their the similar social backgrounds,living environments,and life circumstances,the poems of Taizhou diehard poets showed the similar features:being concerned about the realistic life;longing for the old dynasty;possessing doleful poetic style;taking Du Fu as their model and great master.


We experimentally realize a one-way waveguide made from a gyromagnetic photonic crystal (GPC) and a normal dielectric photonic crystal in their common photonic band gap. Due to the time reversal symmetry breaking of the GPC under a dc magnetic field, the edge modes exhibit a one-way property. We investigate the unidirectional propagation character originating from the chiral edge states at different widths of the waveguide. Both the forward modes, which are robust to various obstacles, and the backward modes show an obvious frequency shift for different waveguide widths. Numerical simulations by means of the transfer-matrix method and multiple scattering methods agree well with the experimental data.


This paper uses survey data to create a model of carbon risk (the financial risk associated with CO2 emissions under uncertain climate change policy). The usual way to incorporate the notion of carbon risk into investment decision making is to include a cost of carbon in the budget analysis. Most existing literature uses the expected price of carbon as a proxy for this cost, often represented by the price of traded permits, in its modeling of power plant investment decisions. In contrast, this paper introduces the idea of expected payment of carbon as a more accurate measure of carbon cost as perceived by industry practitioners. This measure of carbon risk incorporates both price and the probability that this price would actually be faced in the case of a particular investment. This concept helps explain both the surge of activity in 2005-2006 and the subsequent decline in interest in coal-fired power plant development in the U.S. The data for this case study comes from an extensive online survey of 700 U.S. energy professionals completed in 2006, as well as interviews conducted with industry representatives from 2007-9. By analyzing industry views on policy uncertainty and future carbon legislation, we gain a better understanding of investor attitudes toward carbon risk. This understanding will be important for future policy debates.


quibble over what was left out or matters of taste; however, Mawdsley carefully outlines his scope. His history is not a social history, soldiers' history, or tactical battle history. It is a history of politics, military power, and strategy. It is entirely proper, therefore, that the maps are broad and strategic. Any critique should consider the author's chosen context and that his weaknesses are far outweighed by his strengths. There are some weaknesses, however. In chapter 11 (out of 14), "Wearing Down Germany, 1942–1944," Mawdsley discusses strategic bombing and the comparative economic and production strengths of the Allies and the Axis. It is really a discussion of power—the elements of national power—and parts of it might have been better addressed before the author delved into the war itself. The detailed discussion of strategic bombing doctrine in chapter 11, for example, could have been included in chapter 1 as prewar doctrine. These criticisms are organizational and, perhaps, a matter of taste. What is not a matter of taste is the result of the strategic bombing campaign over Germany. In referring to the Luftwaffe, Mawdsley states that the "campaign forced the Luftwaffe to concentrate over Germany" (343) and, therefore, not at the front. He should explain that one significant result of the strategic campaign is that it destroyed the Luftwaffe over the Reich in a battle of aerial attrition. Additionally, in the same chapter, Mawdsley discounts the well-understood enormous corruption of Nazi party officials in hampering the industrial mobilization of Germany. Factual errors are few and minor. However, the author's discussion of the Enola Gay display controversy in 1995 is inexplicably ended by stating that the "event was withdrawn" (441), which is untrue. The exhibit was watered down but did go forward. Perhaps any review of a one-volume history of World War II will suggest the existence of minor weaknesses. Overall, however, Mawdsley's World War II: A New History works well and reads wonderfully. It stands above the usual textbooks and captures the attention of the reader with its prose and its truly new rendering of the great drama that places events in their proper global perspective.


Abstract : This is the third report, Report 3, in a series of four reports toward the Verification, and Validation (V&V) of the Coastal Modeling System (CMS). All details of the V&V study specific to the hydrodynamic modeling are provided in this report. The primary goal of this study task was to perform a comprehensive assessment of the predictive skills of the CMS-Flow model for a wide range of problems encountered in coastal applications, with an emphasis on applications for coastal inlets and navigation projects. The evaluation study began by considering some simple and idealized test cases for checking the basic physics and computational algorithms implemented in the CMS-Flow model. After these fundamental comparisons, the model was evaluated with a large number of test cases representing real world problems. These application-oriented tests were selected carefully and only those which had data available from laboratory and field studies were considered. Included in this report are the descriptions of each test case, model setup, the boundary conditions used for each numerical simulation, and an assessment of the modeling results. Major findings and default parameters are provided as guidance to users for practical applications of CMS-Flow.


Distributed network of network communication raised new demands: first, how to collect each computer to accurate real-time data to the entire network all the computers for their monitoring, secondly, how the historical data to the whole Each computer network to ensure a consistent whole network data, In addition, how will a computer control command issued to the implementation of the right machine, and control records to the whole network of other computers. This paper designs and implements a virtual scene in the distributed network multiplayer system, an online multi-user virtual environment to achieve the mutual information between the data and send and receive and transmit.


The synthesis and characterization of a new platinum(I) phosphine complex, [Pt 2 (μ-dppm)(η 1 -dppm)dppeCl]Cl, (dppm=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) , is reported. This unique complex is the first example of a stable Pt(I) dimer in which all three types of coordination possible for a diphosphine ligand are observed. To structurally characterize this complex, we have employed one- and two-dimensional 31 P NMR spectroscopy


This paper investigates a multilevel combined NPC converter for medium-and high-power energy storage systems and active power filters. The proposed multilevel NPC converter is composed of a parallel connection of multiple NPC converters using the current sharing reactors and involves the phase shifted PWM strategy for better energy quality performance. Using the switching function-based mathematical model, the proposed multilevel converter is evaluated to show the energy quality performance and fault tolerance of an energy storage system or active power filter. In addition, the switching frequency of circulating currents is analyzed to obtain its relationship with the converter parameters and maximum sharing reactor current ripple. The performance of the proposed multilevel converter is verified by simulation.


We have used ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunnelling microscopy to investigate the effects of Fe filling on the electronic structure of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). When imaged using constant current feedback, Fe-filled MWNTs exhibit striking contrast corrugations that strongly correlate to expected positions (from transmission electron microscopy) of the Fe fillings along the nanotubes. Furthermore, the corrugation in contrast corresponds to significant variations in local electronic structure as determined by tunnelling spectroscopy. These results suggest that inner cores of Fe-filled carbon nanotubes can exhibit considerable influence on the electronics of the outer shells of even large MWNTs.


10012 Background: PVNS/TGCT is a rare pathological entity affecting the synovium and tendon sheaths in young adults. This usually benign neoplasm is driven by overexpression of CSF1, in some cases as a result of a t(1;2) translocation which results in the fusion of the CSF1 gene to the COL6A3 promoter. CSF1 in turn attracts non-neoplastic inflammatory cells expressing CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) through a paracrine—"landscape"—effect. Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against CSF1R. Methods: We conducted an international multi-institutional retrospective study to assess the activity of IM in locally advanced/metastatic PVNS/TGCT. Results: Sixteen patients (pts) from 9 institutions from Europe, Australia and the US were included. There were 7 males and 9 females, median age was 37.9 (range 18.6-76.3), and the most common sites of disease were the knee (n=8), the ankle (n=3) and the hip (n=2). Most pts had locally advanced disease and/or local relapse (n=14); 2 pts had metastatic...


Objectives To tes t the ef fect of ascorbic acid (AA) in boosting the anticancer action of arsenic trioxide (AT).?Methods MTT and Western blot were used to exami ne the growth of human hepatocarcinoma cell line BEL-7402. The effects of AT and its synergism with AA in inhibiting the growth and promoting the apop tosis of the cell line were studied.?Results AT could su ppress the abnormal proliferation of human hepatocarcinoma cells and induce apop tosis in them by activating the intracellular caspase-3. The effect of AA itself was insignificant on cancer cells, but it could effectively enhance the killing effect of AT, by promoting the activation of caspase-3 and induction of apoptos is in the cancer cells.?Conclusions AA can effectively i ncrease the anticancer effect of AT by promoting the AT-induced apoptosis.


With the development of integrated circuits, miniaturized implantable devices have been proven a prospective treatment in clinics. As these devices need to acquire weak bio-signals, the ability to reject power ripple in noise-sensitive analog front-end is highly demanded. This paper presents an energy efficient low dropout regulator in biomedical implantable devices. The proposed circuit comprises conventional topology while adding a simple yet effective branch to overcome the limitation of the power supply rejection ratio. The LDO utilizes internal compensation to improve its stability with a 1 mA maximum load current. The LDO is designed in SMIC 0.18 μm 1P5M Mixed CMOS process, exhibiting a phase margin over 50° under all process, voltage and temperature corners. Its input voltage can be as low as 1.9 V when providing a 1.8 V voltage. The PSRR is −57.8 dB at DC and has still −40 dB at 20 KHz with a 1 mA load current. The quiescent current consumption is 23.6 μA with bandgap included.


Recent studies suggest that high levels of social support can encourage better health behaviours and result in improved cardiovascular health. In this paper, we evaluated the association between social support and ideal cardiovascular health among urban Jamaicans. We conducted a cross-sectional study among urban residents in Jamaica's southeast health region. Socio-demographic data and information on cigarette smoking, physical activity, dietary practices, blood pressure, body size, cholesterol, and glucose were collected by trained personnel. The outcome variable, ideal cardiovascular health, was defined as having optimal levels of [≥]5 of these characteristics (ICH-5) using the American Heart Association definitions. Social support exposure variables included the number of friends (network size), number of friends willing to provide loans (instrumental support) and number of friends providing advice (informational support). Principal component analysis was used to create a social support score using these three variables. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ICH-5 and social support score. Analyses included 841 participants (279 males, 562 females) with mean age of 47.6 years. ICH-5 prevalence was 26.4% (95%CI 22.2, 31.0) with no significant sex difference (male 27.5%, female 25.7%). In sex-specific, multivariable logistic regression models, social support score, was inversely associated with ICH-5 among males (OR 0.67 [95%CI 0.51, 0.89], p=0.006) but directly associated among females (OR 1.29 [95%CI 1.07, 1.55], p=0.007) after adjusting for age and community SES. Living in poorer communities was also significantly associated with higher odds of ICH-5 among males only. In this study, having higher levels of social support was associated with better cardiovascular health among women, but poorer cardiovascular health among men in urban Jamaica. Further research should explore these associations and identify appropriate interventions to promote cardiovascular health.


Describes an empirical research study focusing on the use of a particular computer package to teach project management to UK‐based business students. This particular computer package is widely used in the business world but its accessibility and ease of understanding for business students has not been tested previously. Accordingly, an evaluation study was undertaken in 1994 among third‐year business studies undergraduates based at the University of Westminster, London. Describes the approaches both students and academic staff have to adopt to get the best out of the commercially produced computer‐based training package. The difficulties in ascertaining the role of computer‐based training packages in any knowledge gained by students are acknowledged. Data used were based on students′ diaries, questionnaires and group discussions.


Aiming at the efficiency of wireless power transfer via magnetic resonance coupling varies according to the air gap between the transfer device and receiver device,a new analysis on characteristic of frequency was presented,which yielded critical insight into the design of practical systems,including the introduction of frequency splitting that could be used to compensate the efficiency with different distance and the maximum operation distance that could be used to improve power transfer distance.Equivalent circuit model was designed and the experiment results verify the correctness of key theoretical analysis on frequency splitting and the maximum operation distance(critical coupling point);thus it provides an effective reference for improving the power transfer efficiency and operation distance.


7-(10 JPL GPS Network Oporaticms center provides resource in personnel and equipment to support the activities of maintaining, collecting and sharing data from a global network of C$F'S receivers, 7 his is done in cooperation with many agencies around the world with ciata being exchanged via networks. During tho IC+S campaign, from 21 June 1992 to 2:3 September' 1992, JF'1. collected approximately 1000 staticm days of di~ta from 10 globally disttibutcci C;PS sites, 1 he avetagc time of data acquisition from the receiver to final distribution of ttle data was 27 hours during the campaign. CWrrently clata is collected, processed and distributed from a 15 globally distributed stations. It is our intention for the fclresecable future to supporl anti keep up the operation of the GF% Global 1 racking Network,


Wereadwith interest anarticle on 'Cardiac involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura,' by Polizzotto et al. They reported a 71-year-old man with Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) who was complicated by complete heart block. He showed purpuric skin lesions, arthralgia in appendicular skeleton and cervical spine, and renal involvement. Empiric antimicrobials (ceftriaxone and vancomycin) were commenced and complete heart block was treated with methylprednisolone therapy and temporary transvenous pacing. However, differential diagnosis of these symptoms should include tick-borne Lyme disease in this patient because the pathogenic mechanisms of this disease also involve a vascular inflammatory process and symptoms are very similar to those of Lyme disease. It was first described in Lyme, Connecticut, USA in 1975, but cases have been reported in Canada, Switzerland, Austria, Australia and Great Britain. It is hypothesized that Borrelia burgdorferi infectionmay cause a systemic vasculitis. Erythema migrans is a typical cutaneous lesion of Lyme disease (early localized stage), but it can have a variable clinical appearance, including HSP. The clinical overlap between HSP and Lyme disease has also been reported. After the early localized stage, the early disseminated stage involves four organ systems: the skin, joints, heart and nervous system like other vasculitides, includingHSP. This stage can occur after or at the same time as the early localized stage, and the skin lesions in this stage are just erythema migrans again, but this time there are multiple lesions and they are smaller. Cardiovascular manifestations of Lyme disease often occur within 21 days of tick exposure and include fluctuating degrees of atrioventricular (AV) block, acute myopericarditis or mild left ventricular dysfunction and rarely cardiomegaly or fatal pericarditis. AV block can vary from first-degree, second-degree, third-degree heart blocks, to junctional rhythm and asystolic pauses. This disease is usually self-limiting when treated appropriately with antibiotics (i.e. ceftriaxone i.v.) and does not require permanent cardiac pacing. Although these symptoms were due to Lyme carditis in this patient, those would have disappeared because ceftriaxone therapy was applied at the same time. Therefore, patients with vasculitis who present with cardiac rhythm abnormalities should be screened with Lyme titres because Lyme disease is an important cause of conduction disturbances and it is treatable and potentially reversible. Further studies are necessary to elucidate not only the prevalence of cardiac involvement in HSP but also the correlation between HSP and Lyme disease.


Community governance is the basic link of social governance and occupies an important position in the national governance system. This paper mainly discusses from three aspects: First, the effectiveness and deficiency of community governance in epidemic prevention and control; Second, the "volunteer + community" service model mechanism; The third is the way to optimize community governance in the post epidemic period.


In this article I argue that religious authority figures in Indonesia form the core of any given religioscape. A religioscape is a dynamic social space where one religious practice or religious interpretation is predominant. At the same time religious authority figures are influenced by the historically grown religioscape in which they live, and this mutual process affects all the people living in it. With the example of three religious authority figures and their respective learning institutions in Indonesia, I aim to illustrate how Muslim personalities influence and shape the religioscape that surrounds them. The first case study is grounded in the mystic Islam found in Yogyakarta, the second case study explores the mixture of local and Hadhrami influences in the Islamic practice of South Sumatra, while the third case study examines an imported form of reform Islam in a transmigrasi settlement. Of major importance in these case studies will be what influences the religious authority figures and what tools are used to disseminate their thoughts and interpretations of Islam. I argue that the concept of the religioscape enables us to better understand the impact that religious authority figures have on their surroundings and vice versa. It can also serve as a methodological tool to grasp the diverse plurality of Islamic practices in Indonesia.


Mass spectrometry (MS) promises small metabolite profiling as tool of the future and calls for comprehensive understanding of key procedures to enhance its capability. Herein, we studied cation adduction and fragmentation of small metabolites combining theoretical and experimental approaches, via nanoparticle assisted laser desorption/ionization (LDI)-MS and MS/MS. We calculated the energies of adduction conformers and atomic bond orders, to establish the rules of cation-metabolite affinity and multiple cation adductions in charge transfer. Further, we demonstrated the reaction paths of adducted ions and mapped the potential energy surfaces, to characterize the loss of given groups during fragmentation. Finally, we successfully controlled metabolite fragmentation by selected and multiple adductions, to enhance the atomic/fragment coverage as defined for metabolite identification toward profiling. Considering the success of MS in analysis of large biomolecules as honored by Nobel Prize in 2002, our work may have an impact and guide to advanced analysis of small metabolites.


In today's competitive market, understanding the emotional aspects of consumption experiences has become crucial for businesses striving to enhance "customer satisfaction" and build long-term relationships with their clientele. One fundamental aspect of consumer behavior is the role of emotions in shaping customer satisfaction. Emotions play a prominent part in consumer decision-making processes and can profoundly impact their overall satisfaction with products or services. This study looks to explore the significant role of consumption emotions in shaping customer satisfaction, thereby enhancing the understanding of consumer behavior within the realm of marketing. These empirical insights have significant implications for marketers and businesses seeking to enhance "customer satisfaction" and "loyalty". Understanding the role of consumption emotions can help companies design effective marketing strategies, product offerings, and customer experiences that evoke positive emotions, leading to greater heights of "customer satisfaction" and long-term success.


The authors discuss the litigation over New York City's "Portion Cap Rule," which restricts the size of sugary drink containers. The authors provide a history of the rule, from its promulgation by the Board of Health to the Appellate Division's decision invalidating the rule. The authors also comment on the dispute between the parties over how to frame the rule. Opponents of the rule characterize the measure as an unwarranted and unprecedented incursion of consumer choice and personal freedom. Proponents of the rule, including the City, view the rule as a modest measure intended to address obesity, a significant — even alarming — public health issue.The authors further discuss how the disagreement over how to frame this dispute illustrates the nature of the judgment the courts have made thus far. In determining whether the Board of Health has the authority to promulgate the rule, the courts have applied the four-factor test set out by the Court of Appeals in Boreali v. Axelrod in order to draw the "difficult-to-demarcate line" between permissible agency rulemaking and impermissible legislating. The authors contend that the courts' application of the Boreali factors is not only discretionary, but some factors require nothing more than an exercise of classification or judgment. Thus far, the petitioners have been more successful than the City in persuading the courts that their view of the rule, and of the governing separation of powers principles, is correct.Note: Subsequent to this article's publication, the New York Court of Appeals did, in fact, affirm the Appellate Division.


The analysis of time-series data has been actively studied in various fields, such as biology and economics. Clustering is a method that summarizes a set of objects into several subsets of objects based on similarity measures. It is necessary to define a suitable similarity between objects. When dealing with time-series data, it is also necessary to consider several invariances, including shift-invariance. $k$-Shape clustering is one of the representative clustering methods for time-series data. It is known that the $k$-Shape clustering is an algorithm, which considers several invariances of time-series data. The dissimilarity used in $k$-Shape clustering is robust to differences in time series data features. In this paper, the controlled-sized $k$-Shape clustering is proposed to handle imbalanced data. Numerical experiments suggest that the proposed method does not show outstanding performance compared to $k$-Shape clustering.


When we examine Piano Variations by Aaron Copland(1900-1990), the particular motive and the relations with intervals of the theme are extended and restructured in 20 variations. He makes some notes an octave higher or lower and other notes transforming with the short theme. Also, it is often shown compound meters, irregular accents, and polyphonic texture. Copland distinctly indicates the theme, variations, and coda. Each of the 20 variations are divided into two sections. The first section is from the first variation to the eleventh variation and the second section is between the twelfth variation and the twentieth variation. The first part mostly consists of melodic variations. The relations of each voice in the melodic variations are mostly related with horizontal and vertical arrangements. Each variation is composed by contemporary techniques, but variation elements show the traditional styles: ostinato, the use of pedal point in the Baroque period and sentence in the Classical period. On the other hand, the second part frequently utilizes a wide range, a short and quick rhythm, and an irregular meter. Furthermore, the length of the second part becomes longer, and the tempo and dynamics grow expanding in comparison with the first part. In addition, it utilizes the rounded binary form and ternary form, and it shows the effective pianistic sound by using percussive sound and pedal point. In short, Copland completes his variations with this classical style by utilizing ostinato, pedal point, polyphonic elements, jazz rhythm, and irregular rhythm that shows his character of his first period. Also, the particular motive consisting of four notes bases on serialism. He freely makes a use of contemporary technique, his musical expression and national factors in classical form. Furthermore, he uses a variety of articulation and technique to make sound percussive so he tries to show the piano`s characteristic effectively. All in all, Copland`s creative musical technique plays an important role in American piano music of the 20th Century, and he holds a significant position among other composers.


The questionnaire analysis of men showed that age is not a determining factor in the development of ED in men, such as there was no signifi cant diff erence in the mean values for the IIEF- 5, SFM and AMS. Comparative analysis of the mean values of the questionnaires among male smokers, depending on the length of smoking revealed that signs of ED and aging men is signifi cantly worse in smokers over 20 years (compared to non-smokers and smokers of less than 5 years).


Abstract Background We applied for the first time 2 label-free technologies, physiological intermolecular modulation spectroscopy (PIMS) and nematic protein organization technic (NPOT) in anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to identify clinical responders to vedolizumab therapy and elucidate their underlying functional molecular network. Methods PIMS analysis was performed in peripheral blood taken prior to the first vedolizumab application in 20 IBD patients (Crohn disease n = 13; ulcerative colitis n = 7) refractory to at least 1 previous anti-TNF agent therapy. Peripheral blood taken from clinical responders and nonresponders at week 14 of vedolizumab therapy were additionally subjected to NPOT analysis. Response to therapy was assessed by respective clinical disease activity scores (partial Mayo Score and Harvey–Bradshaw Index). Results Clinical response to vedolizumab treatment was observed in 7 of 13 Crohn disease and 4 of 7 ulcerative colitis patients at week 14. Response to therapy was accurately predicted by PIMS blood analysis in 100% of ulcerative colitis and 77% of Crohn disease patients. Overall prediction of clinical response with PIMS blood analysis was achieved with a 89% positive predictive value and a 82% negative predictive value. NPOT analysis revealed the heightened expression of the proteins ITGB7, ITGAV, ITG3, PF4, and ASGH in the peripheral blood of vedolizumab responders compared to nonresponders. Conclusions PIMS analysis of the blood of anti-TNF refractory IBD patients was able to stratify responders to vedolizumab therapy with high accuracy and specificity. NPOT technology could decipher underling molecular networks in the blood of responders, enabling subsequent personalized therapeutic approaches in IBD.


Despite the large arsenal of antibiotics available on the market, treatment of bacterial infections becomes more challenging in view of the fact that microbes develop resistance against existing dr ...


The purpose of the present study was to verify the relationship of mother\'s rearing attitudes perceived by adolescents with their self-esteem and achievement motivarion.
 The main results of the study were as follows First, maternal warmth and rejection/restriction was significantly related with adolescents\' self-esteem. Adolescents who experoenced higher maternal rejection/restriction showed lower self-esteem.


Three experiments were conducted to evaluate routes by which viable rumen ciliate-protozoa may be transferred between mature sheep. Feed, water and faecal material were tested as possible vectors for protozoal transfer in addition to direct animal to animal contact. In Experiment 1, protozoa-free sheep were either offered or orally dosed with protozoa-contaminated material or allowed contact with faunated animals. The treated sheep were then monitored over a 4-week period for the appearance of protozoa in the rumen. Protozoa were successfully transferred to protozoa-free animals via contaminated water but no transfer occurred via feed or faeces or by direct animal to animal contact. In Experiment 2, the drinking water of penned faunated sheep was found to become contaminated with protozoa within 4–6 h of being placed in the pen. In Experiment 3, nine protozoa-free sheep were grazed in a paddock with a flock of 75 faunated ewes for periods of 1–3 weeks, and protozoa became established in one protozoa-free sheep. The results of these studies suggest that the most likely mode of transfer of protozoal cells from one sheep to another is via water, rather than by rumen fluid contaminating feed, or from faeces of faunated sheep. Further tests are required to demonstrate protozoal transmission via water occur under a range of conditions and inoculum levels.


Recently, the model of end‐stage liver disease (MELD) index has been used to select patients with acute liver failure (ALF) for transplantation. By the time the indication for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is defined, the patient's clinical status may worsen.


Occupation health and safety in the New Zealand call centre industry Zeenobiyah Naadiyah Hannif and Felicity Lamm* University of Newcastle and University of Auckland, New Zealand* Although there has been a great deal written on the poor working conditions within the call centre industry, there has been muted discussion on the impact that such conditions have on the health and safety of the workers. There is, nevertheless, increasing recognition that the defi cient working conditions in call centres impacts on the health of the workers. Despite this evidence there is still little known about the occupation health and safety (OHS) policies and practices used in these workplaces. There has also been scant research on the health and safety experiences of call centre workers. This paper aims to address these gaps by examining whether the tasks performed and the OHS policies and practices in call centres make the job dangerous or unhealthy for workers. A case study methodology is applied to explore these questions in two call centres, selected to essentially epitomise the amount of diversity that exists in the industry. Key fi ndings based on interviews with case study participants and key stakeholders indicate that the OHS policies and practices in these call centres represent various risks. A number of policy concerns are raised through the data, particularly where negative OHS outcomes can be associated with the lack of organisational compliance with employment legislation.


The main problems and obstacles to ethnonational consolidation of the Ukrainian society are investigated. Among them — the discontent of some ethnos with their status, the level of guaranteeing their rights and interests used outside by means of political, financial and cultural support. The author proves that these mechanisms complicate the process of the Ukrainian society ethnonational consolidation in some regions, nourishing the disintegrative tendencies of ethnopolitical disunity.


Since 2017, Volgaburmash JSC (Samara, Russia) tested purchased 90%WC–10%Co carbide powder mixtures and finished carbide drill bits from various manufacturers. The work was carried out in order to check the possibility of using purchased products as raw materials at the plant to reduce the production cycle for the manufacture of carbide inserts for roller cone bits. This intercommodity substitution (outsourcing) is carried out with the aim of potential cone bit cost reduction and production process acceleration so that the plant can operate in the heavily competitive environment of foreign and domestic markets. The article focuses on the analysis and detailed comparison of the micro- and macrostructure, physical, mechanical, chemical and processing properties of purchased hard-alloy mixtures and sintered inserts of various manufacturers including Volgaburmash JSC. All properties of materials under study were determined in accordance with the VBM JSC company standard STP 582-17. Much attention is paid to comparing crack resistance or Palmqvist fracture toughness values of the alloy and analysis of microstructure images and fracture propagation pattern after using scanning electron microscopy tests. In addition, consideration is given to such important hard alloy properties as hardness and transverse bending strength. Based on the results of the conducted research, conclusions are presented on the expediency of using purchased hard-alloy materials at the Volgaburmash JSC metallurgical shop in comparison with internally manufactured materials.


Methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells were made using an all-vapor process, including two-step close space vapor transport-processed MAPI and evaporated copper phthalocyanine (CuPC). Solar cells fabricated entirely in a nitrogen glovebox had poor performance due to s-shaped J-V curves and fill factors (FF) <45%. Solar cells exposed to dry air in a desiccator for 7 days, or where O2 was flowed into the evaporator during CuPC deposition, had significantly improved performance with reduced or eliminated s-shaped behavior and improved FF up to 71%. Parallel contact conductivity measurements show that exposure to dry air, deposition with oxygen, and MoOx capping layers all increase the conductivity of the CuPC. SCAPS simulations show that increasing hole concentration consistent with oxygen doping effects can explain the J-V behavior of the solar cells.


This study highlights the factors influencing face-to-face learning decision-making by an Islamic boarding school during the pandemic. This qualitative descriptive-analytic study was conducted at MA Miftahunnajah, Sleman. Interviews, documentation, and observations were used to collect data. The research revealed that the following factors influenced face-to-face learning decisions: 1) internal conditions, such as boarding school security, student order, parental involvement, geographic location, and curriculum structure; 2) information availability; 3) external conditions, including community involvement and collaboration with other schools; 4) personality and skills of decision-makers. In addition, the Islamic boarding school's security was the most influential factor in all these factors, so facilitating schools with dormitories or boarding schools as places for students to live and study is a more appropriate solution than forcing online learning.


Thornless honeylocust trees 10-12 feet in height were treated on June 17, 1977, at the Purdue Agronomy Farm. Treatments were applied with a Spartan Sprayer operating at 125 psi. Trees were sprayed to drip. Only alternate trees were used to avoid drift problems. The Medicaps were implanted in the basal portion of the tree at 4 in. intervals around the circumference of the tree and the holes sealed with wound paint. The systemic insecticide was applied as a soil drench in a ring cultivated at the drip line of the tree. The soil was then replaced and a gallon of water per inch applied to seal the insecticide in the soil. The experiment was replicated 4 times. On August 11,8 weeks post treatment, the treated trees were sampled. Five compound leaf samples were taken, placed in a paper sack and taken to the laboratory. Samples were kept in a refrigerator until utilized. The samples were brushed onto a glass plate with a Henderson and McBurnie mite brushing machine. The mites on the plate were counted under a binocular microscope.


The relationship between Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) and pulmonary function has been reported to be a protection against pulmonary dysfunction. Sympathomimetics like salbutamol are respiratory smooth muscle relaxants. This research work is aimed at investigating the roles of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and salbutamol on the pulmonary function athletes. Subjects who gave their consent were interviewed through questionnaire for medical history and those with respiratory or cardiovascular disorders were excluded. A total of 100 subjects were used, 50 for each test group (Ascorbic Acid and Salbutamol). Spirometry and peak flow (PEFR) measurements were done on each subject; Ascorbic Acid was given orally at a dose of 1.50mg/kg body weight and Salbutamol at a dose of 70μg/kg body weight orally. The body mass index (BMI), age, and sex were considered. Measurements were taken before and after one hour of administration of drugs. The results show mean PEFR male and female for Ascorbic Acid test group as 535.2±207.79L/Min and 322.76±20.39L/Min respectively. Salbutamol group PEFR male and female as 364.8±23.20L/Min and 325.6±20.45L/Min respectively. Non athletes (Control groups) PEFR male and female as 450.6±51.45L/Min and 290±34.90L/Min for ascorbic acid, 318±16.26L/Min and 275.20±14.77L/Min for Salbutamol respectively. Ascorbic Acid increases PEFR much more than Salbutamol. ERV, IC, VC and IVC were increased by Ascorbic Acid compared to Salbutamol. The research work shows that the performance enhancing role of Ascorbic Acid was more pronounced in males than females compared with Salbutamol in athletes.


Air drilling has two advantages of increasing ROP and formation protection, and the air drilling is developed rapidly in China. With the air drilling, a lot of new oil and gas resources have been discovered. Although the air drilling has its advantages, the limitations of the air drilling process must also be regarded. The technology of air drilling had improved rapidly with the air drilling was taken into account by the petroleum industry, but excessive formation water, wellbore stability, sulfide formation, downhole fire etc. issues have restricted the air drilling. Integrating the field trial in SuLiGe area of ChangQing, the paper analyses the complex condition accompanying air drilling and have formed a series methods dealing with the complicate problem in air drilling.


The study objective is to determine the possibility of identifying the state of strength abilities development in boys aged 12-14, using the methodology of multidimensional statistics.
Materials and methods. The study involved boys: 12 (n =35), 13 (n = 36), 14 (n = 36) years old. The study used the following methods: analysis and collation of scientific and methodological literature, general scientific methods of theoretical level, such as analogy, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, as well as general scientific methods of empirical level: observation, testing, experiment. The testing program included well-known tests.
Results. In identifying the state of motor abilities development in boys aged 12-14, the most important results were obtained in tests: 10 "Squats Test (two legs), quantity of times" (0.519), 9 "Trunk Lift Test, quantity of times" (0.497), 21 "Flamingo Balance Test - single leg balance test" (-0.496), 1 "Pull-Up / Chin Up Test (low crossbar), quantity of times" (0.428), 19 "Hand Tapping Test, sec." (-0.427), 20 "Seated Forward Bend, cm" (-0.412), 5 "The subject lies in prone position, arms bent at the elbow 90 degrees - hold position in seconds" (0.408). These tests characterize the comprehensive development of motor abilities in boys aged 12-14.
In identifying the state of motor abilities development in boys aged 13-14, the most important results were obtained in tests: 8 "Decline Reverse Crunch on Bench, quantity of times" (-0.989), 11 "Single Leg Squat (SLS) Test - right leg, quantity of times" (0.965), 1 "Pull-Up / Chin Up Test (low crossbar), quantity of times" (0.676), №13 "Single Leg Squat (Pistol) - right leg" (0.682), 17 "Eurofit Sit Up Test (for 30 sec.), quantity of times" (0.454). These tests characterize the development level of  relative and static leg strength, strength endurance of abdominal muscles, and dynamic strength of shoulder muscles.
Conclusions. A discriminant analysis made it possible to determine informative indicators for comprehensive control of motor abilities development in boys aged 12-14; to answer the question as to how significantly the states of motor abilities development in boys aged 12, 13 and 14 differ; what motor tests most substantially influence the differentiation of classes; what class the object belongs to based on the values of discriminant variables.
To identify the level of motor abilities development in boys aged 12-14 years, it is necessary to focus on the indicators of relative strength and strength endurance; in boys aged 13 and 14 years – on the indicators of strength endurance of abdominal muscles and endurance of leg muscles.


This testimony before the Joint Economic Committee of the United States Congress discusses the adverse impacts of the Federal Reserve's recent departure from a rules-based monetary policy and the gains to be made by returning to a steadier monetary policy.


The genetic diversity of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Hungary was studied using а full-length cytochrome b gene (1140 bp). The haplotype structure of this species was evaluated in the three main partially geographically separated populations in this country. Throughout the country, the genetic diversity of the Red Deer was represented by individuals belonging to all the three distinct mitochondrial lineages of this species in Europe, i.e. western, eastern and Sardinian/Bulgarian. The presence of all the three mtDNA lineages in the Red Deer populations in Hungary implied the existence of an overlapping zone among them. The genetic distinction between Red Deer populations inhabiting this zone showed the highest levels of dissimilarity of the northeast population. The recorded population genetic peculiarities and the geographical variability of cytochrome b gene haplotypes in Hungarian Red Deer as well as clarification of its phylogenetic relationships to other genetically characterised populations allowed us to identify its intraspecific population differences in Hungary.


Career choice is an important behavior for people wanting to develop their social life and is a key link to doing so. The matching of career choice with an individual's real work demands will have a significant impact on the development of individuals, organizations, and society. However, at this stage, there are few studies on this matching situation. From the perspective of the matching of career anchors and job characteristics, this study explored the distribution and different characteristics of employees' career demands and their career choices through a survey of 407 employees, and further discussed the matching status of these. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Individual career demands (career anchors) presented three attributes: single, multiple, and unclear. Among the single career anchor types, life anchors had the largest proportion, while among multiple career anchor individuals, individuals with both challenge anchors and service anchors accounted for the majority. (2) Individual career demands (career anchors) were significantly different across most demographic variables and organizational/work variables. (3) Deviations between employees' career demands and their career choices seemed to be a common phenomenon, with the highest degree of fit (62.79%) with the entrepreneurial creativity anchor and the lowest degree of fit (21.28%) with the lifestyle anchor. In addition, in an analysis of three job fit characteristics, the entrepreneurial creativity anchor had a significant preference for managerial characteristics, whereas the challenge anchor had a significant preference for technological characteristics. The degrees of fit of the other anchors were characterized by the frequency of 'right suboptimal fit' being larger than that of 'left suboptimal fit'. In other words, a specific career anchor had a significant preference for job characteristics matched by the right career anchor, with the midpoint of the career anchor octagon model defining the angle of observation. This study provides a reference for human resource management departments and for employees' recognition and planning of career anchors.


We present a new grand unification paradigm, where gauge couplings do not need to be equal at any given scale, instead they run towards the same fixed point in the deep ultraviolet. We provide a concrete example based on SU(5) with a compactified extra space dimension. By construction, fermions are embedded in different SU(5) bulk fields, hence baryon number is conserved and proton decay is forbidden. The lightest Kaluza-Klein tier consists of stable states, providing an asymmetric Dark Matter candidate via their baryonic charges, with a mass of 2.4 TeV. The model features an interesting and predictive flavour structure.


The article focuses on the issues of stylization in Karakalpak poetry during Independence. In the development of Karakalpak oral literature in the twentieth century, there are clear and concrete ideas about the transformation and revival of the traditions of folklore. People will focus on the skills of poets in the re-presentation of oral literature. The text is based on the scientific views of Russian, Uzbek, Kazakh and Karakalpak scholars on the development of folklore in the literature and its types. Representatives of Karakalpak poetry during Independence, the poet H. Dauletnazarov, B. Seitaev, O. Satpayev were analyzed. The unique style and skills of the poets were revealed. During Independence, globalization in society, the economic crisis, and so on, were thrown into the environment of folk traditions. The glorification of impartiality, patriotism, the difficulties in the transition to a market economy, the revival of religion, traditions, changes in art, culture, science and technology are not left out of the pen of our poets, their contribution to the development of folklore in poetry. Keywords: development of folklorism, stylization of folklorism,  poetry during the XX century, views from the poetry of the independence period, new froms.


23 Ectotherms are often predicted to "shrink" with global warming. This is in line with general 24 growth models and the temperature-size rule (TSR), both predicting smaller adult sizes with 25 warming. However, they also predict faster juvenile growth rates, leading to larger size-at-age 26 of young organisms. Hence, the result of warming on the size-structure of a population depends 27 on the interplay between how mortality rate, juvenile- and adult growth rates are affected by 28 warming. In this study, we use time series of biological samples spanning more than two 29 decades from a unique enclosed bay heated by cooling water from a nearby nuclear power plant 30 to become +8C warmer than its reference area. We used growth-increment biochronologies 31 (12658 reconstructed length-at-age estimates) to quantify how >20 years of warming has 32 affected body growth and size-at-age and catch data to quantify mortality rates and population 33 size-structure of Eurasian perch ( Perca fluviatilis ). In the heated area, growth rates were faster 34 for all sizes, and hence size-at-age was larger for all ages, compared to the reference area. 35 However, mortality rates were also higher, such that the difference in the size-spectrum 36 exponent (describing the proportion of fish by size) was relatively minor and statistically 37 uncertain. As such, our analysis reveals that mortality, in addition to plastic growth and size- 38 responses, is a key factor determining the size structure of populations exposed to warming. 39 Understanding the mechanisms by which warming affects the size-structure of populations is 40 critical for prediction the impacts of climate change on ecological functions, interactions, and 41 dynamics. 42 43 Ecosystem-scale warming experiments provide unique insight into potential impacts of climate change but are very rare. Our work utilizes an experimental set-up consisting of an enclosed bay heated by cooling water from a nuclear power plant for more than two decades, and a reference area. We analyze how changes in growth and mortality have affected the size- and age distribution in a common freshwater fish using time series of catch data and growth- increment biochronologies derived from their gill lids. Despite fish in the heated area being 51 ~10% larger at a given age, elevated mortality rates have resulted in similar size structures. Accounting for the interplay between mortality and growth is key for predicting climate impacts on the size-structure of populations.


Current banding chromosome analyses have rendered possible to reveal partial trisomy translocated on the other chromosome. Previously we had an opportunity to report a case with a long arm duplication of chromosome no. 3, sporadic in occurrence (Kadotani et al. 1979). In the present article is reported a new case involving an abnormal chromosome no. 15 which carries a translocated portion of the long arm (3q22). Conclusively the aberration here concerned was defined as partial trisomy 3q of maternal origin. Case reports. The propositus was a one-year and two-month-old female baby, 8 kg in weight, with circumferences of 41 cm in head, and 71 cm in length. She was born to a 33-year-old mother and a 34year-old father as a second child. There was no history of abortion, still birth, congenital malformations, and consanguinity in this couple. Her mother was one of the atomic bomb survivous exposed in Hiroshima. Clinical examinations revealed that her parents and elder sister were phenotypically normal. The birth weight of this patient was 2820 g at 41 weeks gestation. The growth retardation as well as physical and mental development of this child were specially outstanding (Fig. 1). Remarkable clinical signs of this child were as follows : Brachycephaly, short neck, round face, hypertelorism, inverted epicanthus, congenital glaucoma at both eyes, saddle nose, high arched palate, wide-set nipples, hyperextensible hip in both sides, disturbance of gaits due to underdevelopment of the motor nerve, and mental deficiency. Cytological findings. Chromosome slides for study were prepared from leucocyte cultures established from the propositus and her parents. For differential staining, the Gand Q-banding procedures


Leu162Val PPARα and Pro12Ala PPARγ2 were investigated for their individual and their interactive impact on MS and renal functionality (RF). 522 subjects were investigated for biochemical and anthropometric measurements. The diagnosis of MS was based on the IDF definition (2009). The HOMA 2 was used to determine HOMA-β, HOMA-S and HOMA-IR from FPG and FPI concentrations. RF was assessed by estimating the GFR. PCR-RFLP was performed for DNA genotyping. Allele frequencies were 0.845 for Pro and 0.155 for Ala, and were 0.915 for Leu and 0.085 for Val. We showed that carriers of the PPARα Val 162 allele had lower urea, UA and higher GFR compared to those homozygous for the Leu162 allele. Subjects carried by PPARγ2Ala allele had similar results. They also had reduced FPG, FPI and HOMA-IR, and elevated HOMA-β and HOMA-S compared to those homozygous for the Pro allele. Subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the combinations of genetic alleles of the 2 polymorphisms. Subjects carrying the Leu/Val with an Ala allele had lower FPG, PPI, HOMA-IR, urea, UA levels, higher HOMA-β, HOMA-S and GFR than different genotype combinations. Leu162Val PPARα and Pro12Ala PPARγ2 can interact with each other to modulate glucose and insulin homeostasis and expand their association with overall better RF.


A high-frequency operation apparatus includes a grasping portion for grasping a treatment target living tissue, an electrode for supplying a high-frequency current to the living tissue, a high-frequency current supplying section that generates the high-frequency current necessary for treatment, a cable section that transmits the high-frequency current, an impedance measuring section for measuring an impedance value of the living tissue, a detecting section that detects that the measured impedance value reaches an impedance threshold at a time when moisture in the living tissue starts to evaporate, a measuring section that measures an output time of the high-frequency current after the detection, and an output control section that performs control for stopping an output when the output time of the high-frequency current reaches set time stored in advance.


The Rr:standard allele in maize, which conditions anthocyanin pigmentation in plant and seed tissues in the presence of appropriate complementary factors, is associated with a tandem duplication. The proximal member of the duplication carries P , the plant pigmenting determiner and the distal member member carries S, the seed pigmenting determiner. Derivatives from Rr that have lost S function are designated rr. They represent either losses of the distal member of the duplication (P derivatives) o r mutations of S to s (P s). Derivatives that have lost P function are designated Rg, and represent either losses of the proximal member of the duplication (S derivatives) or mutations of P to p ( p S) .-All four possible types of rr/Rg hetemzygotes were tested for their capacity t o yield Rr reconstitution by crossing over. No Rr derivatives were obtained from P/S heterozygotes, a result consistent with the view that P and S occupy corresponding positions in homologous chromosome segments. Rr reconstitution was detected in both tandem duplication heterozygotes P s/S and P / p S, and was found to be about ten times more frequent in the latter. The ratio of Rr reconstitution in the two heterozygotes is a function of position of the anthocyanin marker within the duplicated segment. The data from these heterozygotes allow one to measure the distance between P and S, that is to say, the genetic length of the duplicated segment. This distance was found to be 0.16 map units. The highest frequency of Rr reconstitution was obtained from P s/p S heterozygotes, since direct pairing (2 2) as well as the p / / s type of displaced pairing have the potential to produce Rr derivatives. One of the Rg derivatives used in this study, Rg6, was found to back-mutate in some sublines to Rr. The basis for this instability remains unknown. P S RECOMBINATIONAL analysis of complex loci in maize has revealed in several instances the presence at the locus of a small cytologically undetected, tandem duplication. (LAUGHNAN 1952; STADLER and NUFFER 1953; MANGELSDORF and GALINAT 1964). One such complex locus is R, which conditions anthocyanin pigmentation in various plant parts and in the aleurone layer of the mature seed. R' symbolizes an allele that elicits pigment formation in both plant (seedling parts and anthers) and seed. R factors that lack the capacity to pigment either plant or seed tissues, or both, are designated as follows (EMERSON 1921) : Rg (colored seed, green plant), rr (colorless seed, red plant), r g (colorless seed, green plant). 1 Paper No 1754 from the Laboratory of Genetics This study was conducted at the Wisoonsm Agricultural Experimental Station with funds supplied by AEC Contract AT(ll-1)-1300. Genetm 78: 691-701 October, 1974 692 H. K. DOONER A N D J. L. KERMICLE Evidence obtained by STADLER and his associates ( STADLER 1942; STADLER and NUFFER 1953; STADLER and EMMERLING 1956) led to the conclusion that R': Cornell was a compound allele comprising a plant pigmenting determiner P which was borne proximally and a seed pigmenting determiner S borne distally in association with a tandem duplication. DOONER and KERMICLE (1971) presented evidence in favor of the identity of Rr: Cornel1 and the allele utilized by them in their studies, R': standard. Data from R': standard homozygotes (tandem duplication homozygotes) and from heterozygotes of €2': standard and certain of its Rg derivatives (tandem duplication homozygotes and heterozygotes) allowed them to establish the relative position of the genes P and S within the corresponding members of the duplication and to measure the genetic length of the duplication. A consequence of the duplication model is that it should be possible to synthesize Rr, i.e., P S, from its component elements P and S. Yet, the scattered attempts at reconstituting R' mentioned in the literature (EMERSON, in STADLER 1946; HAHN, in STADLER 1951) met with failure. A main purpose of the work reported here was to resynthesize Rr from its appropriately characterized Rg and rr derivatives in Rg/rr heterozygotes. The new data were used to place more precisely than heretofore the anthocyanin marker in each member of the duplication and to obtain an independent estimate of the genetic length of the duplication. The values obtained were found to agree closely with those reported earlier ( DOONER and KERMICLE 1971 ) . MATERIALS A N D METHODS Description of R alleles: Rr:standard is an allele given to R. A. BRINK by the latz R. A. EMERSON. It was then incorpwated into the Wisconsin W22 inbred strain in which it has been maintained over many generations by self-pollination. Rr: standard exhibits all the properties of alleles belonging to group A (STADLER 1943) characterized by strong pigmentatiosn in the roots, coleoptile, and leaf-tip of seedlings, the anthers of the mature plant, and the aleurone layer of the seed. In terms of the duplication model for the R locus, it can be represented as P S. Numerous Rg and r r derivatives have been isolated from the R':standard allele. Such derivatives may have retained both members of the duplication, in which case they are designated as p S and P s, respectively, or they may have lost one member, the respective representations in this case being S and P. STADLER and EMMERLING (1%6) devised a test to detect the presence or absence of p in RP derivatives of R', which is based on whether R'/Rg, heterozygotes yield a recombinant rg class carrying the distal marker of Rr (see Figure 1). This test has been applied to Rg6 and RgI, the two Rg derivatives used in the present study, by BRAY and BRINK (1966) and DOONER and KERMICLE (1971), respectively. (The subscript indicates the number of the Rg isolate from R':standard.) Rga was found to have retained the duplication, and so is designated p S. Rgl, on the other hand, has lost the duplication and is therefore of S constitution (see Table 1). Only recently has a test been developed that establishes whether rr derivatives from R7: standard have retained the duplication, and so raust be designated as P s, or have lost one member, and therefore, are P in constitution. This test (AXTELL and KERMICLE, unpublished) makes use of the presence in each member of the duplication of a factor that inhibits expression of the white leaf striping phenotype conditioned by sr2 (striate-2, IOL, close to the distal end), and also causes a pronounced narrowiiig of tlic leaves. Chromosomes having 0, 1, or 2 doses od inhibitor (provisionally designated 1 8 ' ) can be readily distinguished, i.e., the inhibitor shows a marked dosage effect.* EMERSON, BEADLE and FRASER (1035) have called attention to an interaction between alleles of R and chlorophyll striping conditioned by iojap (chromoscme 7) and hy japonica-t (chromosome 8). RECONSTITUTION OF R' ALLELE 693 FIGURE 1 .-Types of crossover colorless seed derivatives that can arise in Rr/Rg heterozygotes (adapted from STADLER and EMMERLING 1956). The origin, composition according to the duplication model, and srl interaction of the r+ derivatives used in the present study are given in Table 1. The abbreviations NCO and CO used in this table stand for noncrossover and crossover origin, respectively. The rr derivatives n-35, n-101, n-19, and n-46 came frcym marked Rr/RQ, heterozygotes. The first two retained the Rr parental combination of outside markers, whereas the latter two had the proximal marker of RT and the distal marker of Rgl. The r r (n-156) allele was obtained from a marked RI homozygote and had both outside markers of one of the parental Rr strands. The rr (Nl-3-2) allele originated in a plant that was hemizygous for the entire marked region af chromosome IO. It carried, of course, the two markers borne by the Rr chromosome. The two rr derivatives that carried recombined outside markers (n-19 and n-46) would be dissociated from the duplication of Rr:standard if they originated by an exchange of the sort depicted in Figure 1 for P S/S heterozygotes. Their effect on srp expression supports this mode of origin. Each of the two rr cases modifies striping to the Same extent: as the (S) parent (me Zsr dose) rather than as the strongly inhibiting (P S) parent (two Zsr doses). The four rr derivatives that bore a combination of flanking markers contributed by parental Rr:standard, on the other hand, inhibit striping to the same degree as Rr. At a grass level, therefore, the duplication was


Folded plates are assemblies of flat plates rigidly connected together so as to make structural system capable of carrying loads. They provide an economical and aesthetically pleasing design. This Paper aims at studying the material used for folded plate structure, analysis of folded plate structure by finite element strip or computer programs.


The principal goal of this paper is to share program ideas and techniques with those involved in the development of transitional programs for psychogeriatric patients. While it emphasizes the experiences at Springfield Hospital Center in Sykesville, Maryland, its purpose is not to replicate the model but to encourage the refinement of programs that address psychogeriatric needs during transitional programming. This paper illustrates a four stage psychogeriatric transitional program which underscores the role of occupational therapy in providing continuity of care. Treatment progresses from the clinic setting, to a partial day program, to a full day program, to a visiting community rehabilitation program, to the discharge setting. It will discuss the role of occupational therapy in consultation and in overcoming common obstacles to discharge planning.


We present a model describing a photoacoustic signal in the presence of spatial energy migration from the luminescence center to the surface. The model has been used for describing the relation between photoacoustic and absorption spectra in the YAG:Cr3+ crystal. Considering the frequency dependence of photoacoustic spectra signals and absorption under 348 and 605 nm excitation, we have estimated the radius of the excitation energy diffusion length.


[Objective]To observe the safety and effective of different management methods in diabetes outpatients.[Methods]A total of 86 patients with type II diabetes in our hospitals,and randomly divided into two groups,one group took self-monitoring for blood sugar,self-injection insulin according to the adjusted insulin dosage by doctors.Another group used self-monitoring for blood sugar,self-injection insulin according to self-adjusted insulin dosage.We compared the effective,standard time and incidence of hypoglycemia.[Results]The therapeutic effect of the two groups is similar to the control group standard a long time,but no significant difference.The incidence of the control group was slightly higher than that of minor hypoglycemia observation group,and there was no significant difference two groups.[Conclusion]Both methods are safe and effective management.


In hyperalkaline en~cironments such as concretes and alkaline wastes, the aqueous geochemistry of arsenate should be controlled by reactions of arsenate ions with alkaline phases such as portlandite, calcite and ettringite. This should result in the formation of surface complexes, and/or solid solutions of metalarsenate precipitates. At present, insufficient thermodynamic data is available to facilitate prediction of Ca-arsenate precipitates. In addition, little spectroscopic data is available for As(V) interactions with Ca mineral phases or for Ca-arsentate precipitates. The present study examined the sorption of arsenate by CaO. Examination of reaction products with direct physical methods (XRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman and XAS) indicated the formation of johnbaumite (Cas(AsO4)3(OH)).


Natural sciences heads of departments often find themselves in the middle, shuttling between one role as part of the school management team, and another as an ordinary classroom teacher whose role as subject and instructional leaders is made even more complex because of the several duties incorporated in the subject which brings together other science disciplines, with each having its own disciplinary culture and expectations. The crucial role played by this group of teachers in the area of management and instructional leadership can go a long way in determining effective output in teaching and learning. This study reports on a mixed methods approach to explore the practices of natural sciences heads of department, as they provide instructional leadership to the teachers in a multidisciplinary context of their subject. This research involved 30 participants who responded to the questionnaire and 6 purposively selected subject heads of department interviewed and observed from four districts in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The data collected through questionnaire, semi-structured interview and observations were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The results from this investigation revealed that natural science heads of departments devise creative ways to mitigate the challenge of differently qualified natural science teachers. These study concludes that the effectiveness of heads of departments as instructional leaders is influenced by the immense pressure from the dual roles of managing from the middle, which also appear to affect the optimal implementation of the natural science curriculum.


Abstract Samples of yeasts produced on different hydrocarbon feedstocks with variations in methods of processing were evaluated as sole protein sources in chick diets. Net Protein Utilization (NPU) and Nitrogen Efficiency Ratio (NER) values were determined as relative index of quality in comparison to an isolated soybean protein. All diets were supplemented with 0.3% DL-methionine so as to place emphasis upon the value of the other essential amino acids. NPU values for the yeast samples ranged from 40.8 to 73.5 in comparison to a value of 85.5 for the soybean protein. NER values ranged from 4.91 to 15.55 for the yeasts in comparison to 19.70 for the soybean protein. A large portion of the nitrogenous fraction of the yeasts is not in the form of amino acids which tend to downgrade the value of these products when compared on the basis of total nitrogen.


Secondary agricultural residues are defined as those residues resulting from biomass processing to produce primary products; e.g., whey from cheese processing, vegetable processing wastes, and residues from pulp and paper processing. The analyses consist of specific case studies investigating the costs of converting liquid and/or solid residue streams to methane and/or ethanol. Several economically feasible examples were found: methane production from potato processing liquid residues, ethanol from potato processing solid residues, methane from cheese processing wastes, and methane from poultry processing liquid wastes. In facilities which operate year round, energy recovery is often feasible, whereas in seasonal operations, economic feasibility is not possible. Economic feasibility of energy production from secondary residues is strongly dependent on the current use of the solid and liquid residue. If the solid residue is sold as an animal feed, energy production is usually not economical. High solid and liquid residue disposal costs often make energy conversion economically feasible.


Aim: An attempt was made to estimate the chronologic age of an individual using the dental and skeletal maturity in the Mangalore population. Sample: This study sample comprised 150 individuals (75 males and 75 females) ranging from 10 to 20 years of age. We have divided our sample as ≤16 years and individuals >16 years from 1 month to 20 years for better accuracy. Methodology: Dental age was assessed using the Demirjian method based on seven mandibular teeth. The skeletal age was assessed using a hand-wrist radiograph by applying the method of Bjork, Grave, and Brown. Results: We have found a positive correlation between the chronologic age, estimated dental and skeletal age in individuals ≤16 years. There was a negative correlation seen in the individuals who are >16 years. We propose a linear regression equation obtained using the dental and skeletal method separately for males and females; this can be used to decrease the difference between the estimated age and chronologic age. Conclusion: Both the dental and skeletal methods can be used for age estimation, with the dental method being more accurate than the skeletal method in our population.


Empowerment evaluation is an evaluation approach which entered the evaluation arena in 1993 (Miller & Campbell, 2006). It was initially introduced at the American Evaluation Association conference by David Fetterman. Since its inception, it has been utilized in a variety of contexts including individualistic, organizational, institutional and community-based settings (Fetterman, 1998). Empowerment evaluation draws its origins from empowerment theory, community psychology, and action anthropology. It emerged in rejoinder to Positivist models which have been criticised as being too valuefree in their aim to maintain objectivity (Potter, 1999). Its primary aim is "to help people help themselves" (Fetterman, 1996, p.5). Thus, it endeavours to improve existing policies and programmes, in addition to providing capacitation skills for community growth. Empowerment evaluation can essentially be classified as a model which falls within the realm of Critical-emancipatory approaches to programme evaluation (Potter, 1999) since it aims to challenge the status quo via its recognition of social problems. This set of teaching materials is designed to introduce individuals to empowerment evaluation and, it is intended to be a resource for facilitating an introductory lecture on the topic. The materials consist of a PowerPoint presentation and a set of content notes to assist the facilitator. OVERVIEW OF LECTURE FORMAT Target Group(s): i. Under graduate students familiar with basic programme evaluation theory. ii. Alternately, programme personnel with no prior knowledge of programme evaluation theory. Teaching Material Aim: This set of materials is intended to provide the educator with a resource for facilitating an introductory lecture relating to empowerment evaluation. Lecture Objectives: 1) To provide students and/or personnel with a basic introduction to empowerment evaluation. 2) To present students and/or personnel with a concise overview of the key tenets, facets and steps of empowerment evaluation. 3) To provide crucial definitions relating to empowerment evaluation terminology in order to enhance general understandings of the topic. 4) To help facilitate some critical engagement with empowerment evaluation approach. Basic Lecture structure:


Abstract. The western European populations of Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe have halved over the past two decades. In this context of increasingly fragmented populations, a key issue is to understand the role of immigration in the maintenance of remnant populations. We characterized the local survival, fecundity, recruitment and immigration rates of a small, geographically isolated, coastal French population during a period of population stability, while the regional population was rapidly decreasing (1991–1999). Annual local adult and juvenile survival rates were estimated with capture-resighting data at, respectively, 0.463 ± 0.052 (n = 157 adults) and 0.215 ± 0.054 (n = 363 nestlings). Only 2.1 immigrants joined the population per year (7.3% of all recruits). This annual immigration rate (0.039) is lower than all 14 available estimates for small to medium-sized birds. The local population growth rate depended equally on all demographic parameters, apart from a minor influence of the immigration rate. Within-site breeding dispersal distances were low, and differed between sexes (78 ± 49 m for males, 259 ± 274 m for females). Juvenile and adult survival rates appeared lower than for populations of wheatears settled in high quality habitats, but this deficiency was compensated by high fecundity and the 2 annual immigrants. The small population size (22–27 pairs), extremely low immigration, and strong dependence on local recruits suggest that this population was demographically isolated on a patch of moderate habitat quality, with no chance of rescue by immigration in case of stochastic event. Indeed, this population went extinct in the 2000′s, after a disturbance of unknown origin.


The resistance to pressure was tested in 320 Amalgam samples of alloy-mercury in relations of 4:3, 5:5, 5:6 and 5:7 under packing pressures of 2, 5, 10 and 15 N/mm2. These tests were made with a commonly-used and a copper-rich alloy. Very dry mixtures, which condense under low packing pressures, show low pressure resistance.


This paper introduced the basic concepts of OpenGL, the basic process of using OpenGL,the modeling technology was used to set up the 3-D terrain model, taking an early technical preparation for development of 3D game as its background,based on OpenGL API,using the Digital Elevation Model,the texture mapping technology in the scene was used to make the image to have the strong third dimension,and game players in this terrain willfully roaming,causing the game to be more real.The highly realistic three-dimensional landscape scene is formed.


Secure communication in layered networks having differently preferred participants has attracted a lot of research attention. Protocols for key distribution in a layered network have been recently proposed in [M. Pivoluska et al., Phys. Rev. A 97, 032312] by employing asymmetrically entangled multiqudit states. Due to the employment of asymmetrically entangled multiqudit states, the yield of these protocols is very low. To address this issue, in this work, we have proposed semi-quantum secure communication protocols by employing separable states only which give a better yield and a higher key generation rate. As illustrations, we present two representative protocols. The first protocol allows sharing of two keys simultaneously in a network of two layers. The second protocol facilitates direct communication in one layer and key distribution in the other. The separable states, i.e., coherent pulses of orbital angular momentum required in the protocols are easily realizable with current technologies.


Poster WEPEC0968 presented the 26th of July 2017 at the 9th IAS Conference on HIV Science (IAS 2017). Authors J. Orne-Gliemann, M. Rolland, T. Tiendrebeogo, J. Larmarange, D. Pillay, F. Dabis, N. McGrath, for the ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group Abstract Background : There are concerns that the implementation of Universal Test and Treat (UTT) could increase populationlevel sexual risk behaviours. We analysed the effect of universal ART vs CD4-guided ART (start at CD4≥350 then ≥500) on sexual (...)


Approximately 0.2 % of women suffer from absolute uterine infertility. There used to be no existing treatment for this condition. However, up till now, a total of sixteen cases of human uterus transplantation have been reported worldwide. It seems that the procedure is to become the method of choice in the treatment of women with UFI. We introduce a review which summarizes current experience in this field, with long-term patient analysis included. It also covers such important issues as potential risks for both involved parties and immunosuppressive therapy during pregnancy


Background: Suicidal behavior has existed throughout human history, but due to several complex factors, it has increased gradually in all parts of the world and, in the past few decades, has reached alarming statistical levels. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal behavior. Methodology: Present study had been done by using one group pre test and post test design with 60 samples selected by non probability purposive sampling technique. Results: The result shows pre test mean score is 13.41±2.64 which is 31.92% and post test mean score is 17.58±3.08 which is 73.25% with a difference of 41.33%. The paired 't' test value is 7.35 which is significantly higher than the table value of 2.0009 at p≤0.05 level. Conclusion: Thus the planned teaching programme is effective in improving the knowledge regarding Risk factors and Preventive measures for Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents.


We demonstrate the efficiency of a recent exact-gradient optimal control methodology by applying it to a challenging many-body problem, crossing the superfluid to Mott-insulator phase transition in the Bose-Hubbard model. The system size necessitates a matrix product state representation and this seamlessly integrates with the requirements of the algorithm. We observe fidelities in the range 0.99-0.9999 with associated minimal process duration estimates displaying an exponential fidelity-duration trade-off across several orders of magnitude. The corresponding optimal solutions are characterized in terms of a predominantly linear sweep across the critical point followed by bang-bang-like structure. This is quite different from the smooth and monotonic solutions identified by earlier gradient-free optimizations which are hampered in locating the higher complexity protocols in the regime of high-fidelities at low process durations. Overall, the comparison suggests significant methodological improvements also for many-body systems in the ideal open-loop setting. Acknowledging that idealized open-loop control may deteriorate in actual experiments, we discuss the merits of using such an approach in combination with closed-loop control -- in particular, high-fidelity physical insights extracted with the former can be used to formulate practical, low-dimensional search spaces for the latter.


The purpose of this paper is to give an affirmative answer for the following conjecture of $Kunz^{*)}$ ; Let $R$ be a regular local ring of characteristic $p>0$ and let $R^{\prime}$ be a regular subring of $R$ such that $R^{\prime}$ contains $R^{p}$ and such that $R$ is a finite R'-module. Does $R$ have a -basis over $R^{\prime p}$ First, we prove the conjecture for the case that $R$ is a finite -module. In this case, we have a technical lemma (see Lemma 4 in \S 2) which asserts that


Efficient and simple extraction method for cocaine in human urine was developed by the addition of tri-n-propylamine to the urine sample and by the use of GC/MS for the determination. The quantitative extraction of trace amounts of cocaine in the human urine is very hard with conventional organic solvents. However, in the present study, tri-n-propylamine was found to extremely raise the extractability of trace amounts of cocaine. The recommended procedure is as follows : to 20 ml urine containing less than 1.2 μg of cocaine in 50 ml separatory funnel, 1 ml of 15% sodium carbonate aqueous solution, 1 ml of aqueous solution saturated with tri-n-propylamine, and 10 ml of dichloromethane are added. It is shaken for 3 min and centrifuged for further 3 min at 3500 rpm in a 50 ml centrifuge tube. To a part (5 ml) of the resulting dichloromethane phase, 1 ml of n-tricosane dichloromethane solution (537 ng/ml) is added as an internal standard. The solution is then concentrated on a water bath to 0.2 ml at 60±5°C and the cocaine is determined by GC/MS. The extraction efficiency was 97% at least of 20 ng of cocaine·HCl tested. In human urine containing less than 1.2 μg of cocaine, the extraction efficiency was always higher in the presence of tri-n-propylamine than in the absence of the base.


Proving a conjecture of Miller, we show that as $n$ tends to infinity almost all entries in the character table of $S_n$ are divisible by any given prime power. This extends our earlier work which treated divisibility by primes.


The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 75, No. 3 (May/June 2004) Copyright © 2004 by The Ohio State University Continuing a decade-long trend, findings from recent annual surveys of first-year college students have documented their participation in community service as high-school seniors at record high levels (Higher Education Research Institute, 1999, 2000, 2001). Eightyone percent of the 2000 respondents reported volunteering during senior year, although only 24% expected to continue their volunteer work in college. Because other recent data indicate that 64% of undergraduates actually do volunteer (Levine & Cureton, 1998), the college experience may involve students in the community in ways they do not anticipate when they enter. For the majority of students, these findings suggest, involvement in community service may be episodic and contextually driven—not so much a deeply motivated value-oriented choice as an occasional activity that personal circumstances may dictate, encourage, support, or deter. The responses of the first-year students to other survey items appear to support this claim. For example, while volunteering in high school is on the rise among the respondents, trends over the past decade indicate a simultaneous decline in both interest and participation in other forms of Community Service in the Transition


Histology has long recognized the intimate link between structure and function. Over centuries histologists have utilized an assortment of optical microscopy techniques to elucidate functional attributes of tissues through investigating tissue architecture. This thesis includes developments in the field of nonlinear optical microscopy for use in histology
and pathology. The main contributions focused on the study of fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) with polarization-dependent second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy and the study of harmonophore-stained cellular nuclei with third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy. The P-SHG microscopy technique, "polarization-in, polarization-out" (PIPO), was developed to accurately determine the second-order polarization properties of thin tissue sections. The polarization instrumentation was implemented into a nonlinear optical microscope and a custom fitting algorithm extracted ratios of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility elements at every pixel of an obtained image. Hierarchical organization, at every level of structure, can contribute significantly to the macroscopic second-order polarization properties of fibrillar collagen in the ECM and quantifiable differences between the various tissue architectures were observed. A framework was developed, based on the collagen hierarchical organization, to interpret the submicron polarization properties of various tissues. Complimentary to the P-SHG study of connective tissue, the structure of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained nuclei was revealed by THG microscopy. Imaging the 3D organization of nuclei was possible using the inherent optical sectioning provided by nonlinear microscopy. The origin of THG was investigated with spectrally- and temporally-resolved measurements, as well as the THG ratio method. A rather complex situation involving multiple dye complexes was revealed. The structure of dye aggregates was investigated with THG PIPO microscopy.
The techniques of PIPO and harmonophore-stained harmonic generation microscopy show great potential for ultimately furthering understanding of tissue structure and function. H&E stained tissue investigations with THG microscopy has applications as a tool for cancer diagnostics. PIPO can elucidate the symmetry and organization of materials beyond tissues, including starch, nanowires, and protein crystals. In pathology, the developed collagen framework has strong implications, as collagen is recognized as playing a more active role in a number of diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, wound repair, and tumour development and progression.%%%%PhD


This document specifies a framework for support of Advanced Multipath
in MPLS networks. As defined in this framework, an Advanced Multipath
consists of a group of homogenous or non-homogenous links that have
the same forward adjacency (FA) and can be considered as a single TE
link or an IP link when advertised into IGP routing.


This paper deals with the modified current-feedback operational amplifier (MCFOA) that is used in two voltage-mode (VM) frequency filters. Both structures presented employ single active and five passive elements. Circuits enable realizing a low- (LP), band- (BP), and high-pass (HP) filter responses without changing the circuit topology. There is no requirement for additional component or rotation of component to realize band-stop (BS) and all-pass (AP) filter function. Moreover, the independent adjustment of the quality factor Q by varying the value of single passive element without affecting of the natural frequency ¿0 is allowed. All the passive and active sensitivities are low. In the PSPICE simulations the BJT simulation model of the MCFOA and its possible realization using the UCC-N1B 0520 integrated circuit are used to confirm the workability of the proposed circuits.


Objective:To analyze the effects and the significances of VEGF on the mRNA expressions of the SP-B and TGF-β1 of AECⅡs.Methods:AECⅡs were isolated and purified from the fetal rat lung tissues,then cultured with different concentrations of VEGF.Observe the effects of VEGF on mRNA levels of SP-B and TGF-β1 using real-time RT-PCR and Immunocytochemistry.Results:25ng /ml VEGF can stimulate the expression of SP-B on mRNA levels significantly(P0.05).And 25ng/ml VEGF can inhibit the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 significantly(P0.05),other groups have no significant change(P 0.05).Conclusion:Both of VEGF can stimulate the expression of SP-B on mRNA levels significantly at the appropriate concentration.When it stimulated the expression of SP-B,the expression of TGF-β1 was inhibited significantly(P0.05).We speculate that VEGF stimulated the mRNA expression of SP-B by inhibiting expression of TGF-β1 directly or indirectly.


The article deals with the disposition of components of complex sentence with temporal clause, explores functional and semantic features of every type of the complex sentence with temporal clause


dexmedetomidine in humans. II: Hemodynamic changes. Anesthesiology 1992; 77: 1134–1142. 3 Hall JE, Uhrich TD, Barney JA et al. Sedative, amnestic, and analgesic properties of small-dose dexmedetomidine infusions. Anesth Analg 2000; 90: 699–705. 4 Xu H, Aibiki M, Seki K et al. Effects of dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, on renal sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, heart rate and central venous pressure in urethane-anesthetized rabbits. J Auton Nerv Syst 1998; 71: 48– 54. 5 Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group. Proposed diagnostic criteria and nosology of acute transverse myelitis. Neurology 2002; 59: 499–505. 6 Ingersoll-Weng E, Manecke GR, Thistlethwaite PA. Dexmedetomidine and cardiac arrest. Anesthesiology 2004; 100: 738–739. 7 Berkenbosch JW, Tobias JD. Development of bradycardia during sedation with dexmedetomidine in an infant concurrently receiving digoxin. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2003; 4: 203–205.


A family of octamer binding proteins is expressed during mouse development. Oct‐4 and Oct‐6 have been identified as two octamer binding proteins present in embryonal stem cells. Here we report the complementary DNA cloning and characterization of the mouse Oct‐6 gene. The protein of 448 amino acids contains a glycine/alanine‐rich amino terminal region, a histidine‐rich sequence with homology to a region of kininogen associated with clotting, a POU domain and a short proline/histidine‐rich carboxy terminal region. Expression of Oct‐6 in HeLa cells is sufficient for transcriptional activation from the octamer motif, identifying Oct‐6 as a transcription factor. The Oct‐6 expression is downregulated upon embryonic stem cell differentiation increasing again during brain development. Expression in brain is present in certain areas of telencephalon, mesencephalon and brain stem with abundant expression in the cortex anlagen and in the developing colliculi. Thus Oct‐6 is a new octamer binding transcription factor specifically regulated during mouse development.


AJN October 2001 Vol. 101, No. 10 55 One of the newer decisions facing prospective parents is whether or not to store blood extracted from their newborn's umbilical cord. The valuable portion of this blood is the stem cells, which can be separated from the specimen and frozen for future use in research or by the donor, a blood relative, or an unrelated person. Estimates of the number of stem cell transplantations performed to date vary from several hundred to more than 1,000; most have been performed to treat childhood cancers. Because there are almost four million births in the United States every year, storing umbilical cord blood could create an abundant source of stem cells for transplantation. Scientists believe that, in addition to treating hematologic diseases, metabolic defects, immunodeficiencies, and malignancies, infant stem cells might even be used for gene therapy. Despite some favorable results from transplantations thus far, the practice of storing umbilical cord blood is not without serious ethical ramifications. Saving lives using previously discarded material has a strong emotional appeal, but as health professionals we need to look past dramatic success stories to the wide Cord Blood Banking: Ethical Implications


Writing is considered as a difficult skill in learning English. That's way the teacher should creative and innovative in teaching writing. One of methods that can be used in teaching writing is PjBL (Project Based Learning). The purpose of this article is to examine the uses of PjBL can improve students' writing capability. It is based on the classroom action research with the subject is the students of fourth semester of English department of Widya Dharma University. The findings of the research imply that PjBL is very effective. The implementation of PjBL improved the students' writing capability. PjBL enables the students to be more active to explore their ideas. By doing the project, the students can work together and share their ideas and knowledge with others. It makes the learning activity is not teacher centered but student centered, because most of the activity is done by the students. It can also  improve writing class in a better situation in the way that the classroom situation becomes more alive with various interesting activities, and there is a rising of students' participation. This work is licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License


During a twelve month period beginning March 28, 1942 200 patients were admitted to a large hospital in the South Pacific because of "dyspepsia." Fifty-three per cent of these patients presented symptoms that were subsequently judged to be due to functional disturbances of the digestive tract. Though no organic basis for their distress could be demonstrated, these patients were found to be no less disabled than those suffering from peptic ulcer. Functional disorders constitute a major problem wherever there are large bodies of troops in the field. It is therefore considered important to record our experiences in the observation, treatment and disposition of these patients. DEFINITION AND TYPES Under the heading of functional gastrointestinal disease are included all those conditions in which the predominating symptoms are due to a disturbed function of the digestive tract but in which no positive objective evidence of organic disease can be demonstrated. This large


Deposit insurance premiums impose costs on banks' balance sheets, narrowing profit margins and inducing banks to "search for yield." This paper estimates the effects of deposit insurance premiums on bank risk-taking using supervisory data and a kink in the schedule of deposit insurance premiums. We show that deposit insurance premiums weaken bank demand for reserves--a liquid asset with no credit risk--and strengthen the supply of short-term interbank loans--a liquid asset with credit risk. We discuss the implications of these findings for optimal deposit insurance pricing and monetary policy implementation.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
Esophageal varices bleeding is a fatal complication of portal hypertension. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) has been used as a tool to predict mortality risk in cirrhotic patients. It is currently unknown if MELD score can be applied to predicting late esophageal varices rebleeding. The predictive ability of the MELD score for short-term esophageal varices rebleeding was studied.

METHODOLOGY
Ninety-five cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices bleeding were enrolled with a follow up period of at least 3 months. All patients had undergone a successful hemostasis at admission. Initial admission MELD score and 3-months MELD were obtained to observe their correlation with the late esophageal varices rebleeding.

RESULTS
MELD score of 13 and 16 are the mean MELD score of the admission and 3-months respectively in the rebleeding group. The correlation between initial admission MELD score and late stage data showed a positive linear regression in the rebleeding patients (p=0.001, r=0.773) but not in the non-rebleeding group.

CONCLUSIONS
The MELD score is a good predictor of short term esophageal varices rebleeding rate. At least 2 MELD score data is needed to evaluate the possibilities of rebleeding


A novel BiOCl microsphere with high (110) facets exposure is successfully synthesized via a one-step solvothermal process in the presence of ethylene glycol without any other surfactant. The percentage of exposed (110) facets can be easily controlled by reactant concentration. The obtained BiOCl microsphere exhibited excellent photocatalytic efficiency for degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). Under visible light irradiation, 100 ml 20 mg l−1 RhB can be completely decomposed in only 45 min. The excellent performance can be attributed to the efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes benefited from the special electronic structure of BiOCl microspheres. The (110) crystal facets are beneficial for holes transfer while the electrons migrate in [001] direction which is perpendicular to the (110) facet, thus extending the lifetime of photoinduced charges. This study may open more possibilities for the rational design and controllable synthesis of visible light photocatalysts with excellent performance.