DDo remittances stabilize autocracies? We argue that remittances increase the likelihood of democratic transition by undermining electoral support for autocratic incumbents in party-based regimes. Remittances, or money sent by foreign workers to individuals their home country, differ from other sources of external non-tax revenue such as foreign aid because they accrue directly to individuals and thus raise the incomes of households. Remittances therefore make voters less dependent on state transfers in autocracies. As a result, autocracies that rely heavily on the broad-based distribution of spoils for their survival, namely party-based regimes, should be especially vulnerable to increases in remittances. We find that remittances increase the likelihood of democratization in party-based dictatorships, and explore a potential causal mechanism by showing that remittances are associated with a decline in electoral support for incumbents in party-based autocracies. ∗Support for this research was provided by National Science Foundation (BCS-0904463). This online appendix with supplementary material for this article will be made available at Joseph Wright's website along with data and replication materials. Table 1: Summary statistics Variable Mean Std. Dev. Min. Max. N Democratic transition 0.03 0.17 0 1 1567 Duration time 21.77 18.19 1 91 1567 Remittances per capita (lag, logged) 2.47 1.55 0.01 6.98 1567 Party regime 0.42 0.49 0 1 1567 Calendar time 17.4 9.70 0 34 1567 GDP per capita (lag, logged) 6.62 1.03 4.63 9.23 1530 Population (lag, logged) 16.21 1.47 13.13 21 1567 Civil war (lag) 0.28 0.58 0 2 1567 Neighbor democratization (lag) 0.43 0.68 0 2 1564 Net migration (lag, log) -0.01 0.03 -0.25 0.26 1522 Economic growth (lag) 1.81 4.63 -23.54 29.07 1500 Protest (lag, logged) 0.37 0.70 0 3.91 1564 Aid per capita (lag, logged) 6.29 3.44 1.04 34.43 1496 Oil rents per capita (lag, logged) 1.96 2.62 0 9.12 1521 Capital account openness (lag) -0.55 1.26 -1.86 2.46 1496


In Japan, many superstitious sayings have traditionally been used to discipline children and motivate them to follow social rules and parental expectations. This study provides useful data for supporting parenting and parents' education, and examines the correlation between the frequency of being admonished with superstitious sayings in childhood and current child-rearing practices as parents. One hundred eighty-six Japanese parents with children in kindergarten participated in the survey. Fifteen superstitious disciplinary sayings (SDS) were presented to the participants, and their responses regarding their childhood experience of hearing each saying and the effects of those experiences on current child-rearing were evaluated. Responses to nine items on current child-rearing styles (acceptance-control), twelve items on severity of discipline, and six items on irrational causal inferences (immanent justice) were also assessed. Analysis of subjects' responses to these superstitious sayings indicated that frequency of exposure and influence on present thought life differed depending on the type of saying. Results further indicate that experiencing superstitious discipline in childhood might lead to restrictive child-rearing ideas and methods. Superstition-based discipline has been used historically in Japanese society to make obedient children. It is suggested that the fear of experiencing such control might engender restrictive child-rearing attitudes in parents, which might, in turn, lead to fear in their children.


As a special type of college,vocational college possesses its own characteristics in terms of campus culture education.Campus culture education and professional education are organically integrated and campus culture education is embodied in curriculum setting,professional theory teaching and practical teaching so as to improve the quality of personnel training in vocational colleges and promote the healthy,harmonious,and sustainable development of vocational education.


Crisis, it seems, is the order of things. Today, reading a newspaper involves ingesting a steady stream of crises. Most prominently, the 'Global Financial Crisis' has occupied the media sphere for the past two years, since the collapse of the US subprime market 'called into question', in Prime Minister Kevin Rudd's words, 'the prevailing neo-liberal economic orthodoxy of the past 30 years.' Despite the crucial role of Rudd's own Australian Labor Party as neoliberal pioneers over the past two decades, the Prime Minister joined the chorus of those who saw the spectacular economic collapse as an indictment of what he portrayed as the 'free-market fundamentalism, extreme capitalism and excessive greed' of the existing economic orthodoxy. As footage of evicted Americans living in boxes began to circulate on the Internet, the extent of the economic crisis began to become apparent. Contemporary discourses of crisis are not confined to the so called Global Financial Crisis however. Today, climate change, 'failed' states, access to food, indigenous welfare and a range of moral panics over crime, race and gendered 'deviance' are all increasingly framed in terms of crisis.


Background Uveitis is the most common ocular manifestation in Behçet's Disease (BD), which can cause irreversible blindness.1–2 Objectives To assess efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of adalimumab (ADA) therapy optimisation in a series of patients with uveitis due to BD. Methods Multicenter study of 74 ADA-treated patients with BD uveitis refractory to conventional immunosuppressants. Following remission, optimisation was performed by increasing the ADA dosing interval. Comparison between optimised and non-optimised group was performed. Results Ocular remission was achieved in 65 (86.6%) patients after a median ADA duration of 63–12 months. ADA was optimised in 23 cases. In the remaining 42 ADA was maintained at 40 mg/sc/2 weeks. No baseline differences were found at ADA onset between the optimised and non-optimised groups. Ocular outcomes were similar after a mean ±S.D. follow-up of 34.7±13.3 and 26±21.3 months in the both groups (table 1). Adverse effects were seen in non-optimised group (lymphoma, pneumonia, local reaction and bacteremia). Mean ADA treatment costs were lower in the optimised vs non-optimised group (6101.25 €/patient/year vs 12339.48). Abstract AB0669 – Table 1 Conclusions ADA optimisation in BD uveitis refractory to conventional therapy is effective, safe and cost-effective. References [1] Calvo-Río V, Blanco R, Beltrán E, et al. Anti-TNF-alfa therapy in patients with refractory uveitis due to Behçet's disease: a 1-year- follow-up study of 124 patients. Rheumatol. 2014; 53(12):2223–31 [2] Santos-Gómez M, Calvo-Río V, Blanco R, et al. The effect of biologic therapy different from infliximab or adalimumab in patients with refractory uveitis due to Behçet's disease: results of a multicentre open-label study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016; 34 (6Suppl 102):S34-S40 Disclosure of Interest None declared


This paper evaluates the first two arrows of Abenomics. The first arrow, aggressive monetary policy, was successful in lifting the Japanese economy out of deflation, although the 2% inflation target was not achieved. The real economy and financial markets recovered strongly. Unconventional monetary policy was successful through the channels of the yen and stock prices. The second arrow, "flexible" fiscal policy, can be interpreted as an enhanced counter‐cyclical policy, that is, to stimulate when needed, but tighten when possible. The first fiscal supplementary budget of February 2013 was a powerful boost to the economy. For fiscal consolidation, the consumption tax rate was hiked from 5% to 10% in two installments in April 2014 and October 2019. This helped to shrink the deficits. With strong macroeconomic performances, Shinzo Abe established a record as the longest‐serving prime minister in Japanese history.


BACKGROUND
ITP can give rise to bleeding episodes in different parts of the body including the central nervous system with various systemic manifestations.

CASE
An eight-year old female child, diagnosed as a case of chronic ITP for last two years, developed intense headache and vomiting for a few days before admission. This was associated with right sided mid dilated pupil with brisk reaction to light. MRI-angiography showed a bleeding aneurysm of posterior communicating artery. The features of raised intra cranial tension subsided with conservative management but the anisocoria persisted.

CONCLUSION
A bleeding aneurysm can manifest with anisocoria as a sign of partial third cranial nerve palsy.


Abstract Hydrogenases (H2ases) are enzymes that catalyze the reversible two-electron redox chemistry of H2. Most (but not all) H2ases are now known to contain Ni, which is intimately associated with unusual epr signals that are characteristic of the enzymes. A recent crystal structure of the H2ase from Desulfovibrio gigas reveals that the Ni in these enzymes is not an isolated metal center, but part of a Ni, Fe dinuclear cluster. The structure of the biological Ni, Fe cluster is compared with those of model complexes, and the redox chemistry of the model systems is examined for mechanistic insights into the role played by the active site cluster. Coupled with biophysical studies designed to probe the role of the Ni center, these studies fail to provide support for schemes that involve Ni-centered redox chemistry or utilize Ni as a binding site for the substrate (H2) or for inhibitors like CO. Instead, they point to the involvement of the cysteinate ligands and/or the Fe center in the catalysis of H2 redox...


Using an extension of the Iancu-Itakura-Munier model to nuclear targets we look for saturation effects in electron-ion collisions. In previous publications we have made definite predictions. Here we try to compare our results with already existing experimental data on structure functions and on total and diffractive cross sections. Strictly speaking such a comparison is not well justified because the present data are not yet in the saturation domain. Nevertheless our results agree qualitatively with data and, in some cases, even quantitatively.


Two methods of estimating the squared modulus or intensity of a noisy complex observation process are considered. Both use a serial combination of a linear optimal filter and a memoryless nonlinear operator; the difference between the two methods is in the order of application of the two devices. Mean-squared-error expressions are obtained for arbitrary signal and noise spectra and are evaluated numerically for the case of a first-order autoregressive signal process in white noise. A simulation study is undertaken for the same case, the results of which indicate that preceding the nonlinear device with the optimal filter yields lower mean-squared error, but the difference between the two schemes is not significant in most cases of interest. >


Objective: To explore the utility of cognitive tests, that did not rely on spoken language from participants for decision making about eligibility for treatment with Anti-cholinesterase Inhibitors (AchI).

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Data was collected from 20 participants, aged 65 to 90 years (M, 77.6: SD, 7.2), with dementia, or cognitive difficulties. The sample comprised of eleven males and nine females. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and six alternative cognitive tests were administered, these were; the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), Ravens Colour Progressive Matrices (RCPM), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Brixton Test, Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and Colour Trails Test (CTT).

Results: There was statistically significant correlations between the MMSE and the following cognitive tests: RCFT visual construction subtest(r= .609; P<.006), the RCFT recognition subtest (r= .496; P<.031), RCPM (r= .452; p<.045), the SDMT (r=.670; P<.001), the CTT 1 (Rho=-.576; P<.012) and the CDT (r=-.577; P<.008).

The area under the ROC curve values were as follows: RCFT visual construction (0.750, 95%, CI .524 - .976), RCFT recognition memory (0.801, 95%, CI .590 – 1.012), RCPM (0.573, 95%, CI 0.298 – 0.848), SDMT (0.708, 95%, CI 0.469 – 0.947), CTT1 (0.818, 95%, CI 0.610 – 1.027) and the CDT (0.734, 95%, CI 0.479 – 0.990). Cut-off scores with adequate sensitivity and specificity were identified for all the above measures apart from the RCPM, which had predictive accuracy that was equal to chance.

Conclusions: Cognitive tests which do not require spoken language have utility in differentiating between those who are and are not eligible for treatment with AchI, as defined by the cut-off (<20) on the MMSE in the National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidelines (NICE, 2007).


BackgroundDiabetes type I (DTI) is one of the most common endocrine disorders during childhood and adolescents in which has strong impact on physical and emotional development of individuals with family members. We aimed to evaluate of stress, anxiety and depression in parents with DTI child compared with parents with healthy child.Materials and MethodsIn this case – control study, 60 parents of patients with type 1 diabetes, who had referred to the endocrine clinic of Ali Asghar hospital in Zahedan city and the same number of parents with healthy children, who had referred to the hospital for their children's routine checkup, as control group (n=60), were studied. Depression, anxiety and stress was measurement by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS). Data were analyzed using SPSS-16.ResultsMean age of children was 6.3 ± 3.6 years. In this study, the score and rate of depression in parents of children with diabetes type I was 21.4 ± 13.8 and 75.4%, respectively. The scores of depression, anxiety and stress in parents of children with DTI were 21.4 + 13.8, 18.8 + 11.3 and 27.1 + 11.5 respectively. Also, the scores of depression, anxiety and stress in parents with healthy children were 14.8 ± 11.3, 8.7 ± 6.9 and 15.8 ± 9.3, respectively; and these scores was significantly lower in control group (P 0.05).ConclusionDiabetes in children is a stressful event that can affect the public health of parents. Parents of children who diagnosed with DTI, are at risk for experiencing anxiety, depression and stress.


Direct photon production in hadronic events from e/sup +/e/sup -/ ..-->.. hadrons has been studied at ..sqrt..s=29 GeV using the MAC detector at PEP. Both the charge asymmetry in the final state jets and total yield have been used to determine values of quark charges, which are in good agreement with the predictions of the fractionally charged quark-parton model. Limits have been established for anomalous sources of direct photons. Measurements of the total cross section and energy-energy correlations for e/sup +/e/sup -/ ..-->.. hadrons at ..sqrt..s=29 GeV with the MAC detector are presented. Two complementary event selections for the precision R measurement are described, one accepting events over nearly the entire 4..pi.. solid angle (minimizing extrapolation to unseen phase space), and the other restricted to wide angles (reducing two-photon backgrounds). The two methods agree, yield R = 3.93 +- 0.10 (which includes the effects of higher order radiative corrections), and given ..cap alpha../sub s/ = 0.19 +- 0.07, independent of fragmentation. The asymmetry in the energy-energy correlation cross section yields different results for ..cap alpha../sub s/ in different models, 0.185 in the string model and from 0.105 to 0.140 for incoherent jet formation, depending on the gluon fragmentation and momentummore » conservation algorithms. The string fragmentation model provides a satisfactory description of the measured correlation cross section, whereas incoherent jet fragmentation does not. 35 references.« less


To extend lifetime of commercial and scientific satellites in LEO and below (100-250 km of altitude) the recent years showed an increased activity in the field of air-breathing electric propulsion as well as beamed-energy propulsion systems. However, preliminary studies showed that the propellant flow necessary for electrostatic propulsion exceeds the mass intake possible within reasonable limits, and that electrode erosion due to oxygen flow might limit the lifetime of eventual thruster systems. Pulsed plasma thruster can be successfully operated with smaller mass intake, and operate at relatively small power demands which makes them an interesting candidate for air-breathing application in LEO, and their feasibility is investigated within this study. Further, to avoid electrode erosion, inductive plasma generator technology is discussed to derive a possible propulsion system that can handle gaseous propellant with no harmful effects.


Cold interstellar gas clouds provide an exciting new method to discover dark matter. Their immense size makes them uniquely sensitive to interactions from the heaviest, most rarefied dark matter models. Using gas cloud observations, we derive constraints on heavy composite dark matter coupled to the Standard Model through a light dark photon for dark matter up to a thousand solar masses. We find gas clouds are also sensitive to very large composite dark matter that interacts with nuclei through a fixed contact interaction cross-section. We also study the contact interaction model and implement multiscatter and overburden analyses to obtain bounds from experiments like CDMS, CRESST, DAMA, XQC, and XENON1T.


The object of the present communication is to describe an instrument by which the varying intensity of the chemically active rays, as affecting chloride of silver paper of constant sensitiveness, can be made self-recording. The method described by the author in the Bakerian Lecture for 1865, although it has been the means of bringing into notice many important facts concerning the distribution of the sun's chemical activity throughout the atmosphere, as well as in different situations on the earth's surface, has not as yet been introduced as a portion of the regular work of meteorological observatories, owing to the fact that, in order to obtain a satisfactory curve of daily chemical intensity, at least hourly observations need to be made, and this involves the expenditure of more time and labour than it has been found possible to give. In the present communication a method is described, which, whilst preserving untouched the principles and accuracy of the former method, reduces the personal attention needed for carrying out the measurements to a minimum, and thus renders its adoption in observatories possible. According to this plan, a constant sensitive paper is exposed by a self-acting arrangement for accurately known times, at given intervals throughout the day. The insolation apparatus stocked with sensitive paper is placed in position either early in the morning of the day during which the measurements have to be made, or on the previous night, and by means of an electric communication with a properly arranged clock, the sensitive paper is exposed every hour during the day, so that, in the evening, the observer has only to read off, in the ordinary manner, the hourly intensities which have been recorded on the paper during the day.


Using an improved food poverty line, this paper provides the first dynamic food poverty analysis for Nigeria, accounting for urban‐rural income and price differentials. Estimates from the General Household Survey (GHS) longitudinal data reveal that about half of the population was food‐poor in 2013. The proportion of the population that slipped into food poverty within the periods under study (2010–13) far outweighs those that moved out of food poverty. After controlling for households' socio‐economic and demographic characteristics in a multivariate analysis, large initial household size, unemployment, and low levels of initial education are identified as key factors that keep households in food poverty over time. This, however, varies across rural and urban households.


Thank you for reading the cambridge companion to british romanticism. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this the cambridge companion to british romanticism, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop. the cambridge companion to british romanticism is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the cambridge companion to british romanticism is universally compatible with any devices to read.


In influence of the vapor phase turbulent stress (i.e., the too-phase Reynolds stress) to the characteristics of two-phase system in a horizontal pipe has been theoretically investigated. The average two-fluid model has been constituted with closure relations for stratified flow in a horizontal pipe. A vapor phase turbulent stress model for the regular interface geometry has been included. It is found that the second order waves propagate in opposite direction with almost the same speed in the moving frame of reference of the liquid phase velocity. Using the well-posedness limit of the two-phase system, the dispersed-stratified How regime boundary has been modeled. Two-phase Froude number has been found to be a convenient parameter in quantifying the onset of slugging as a function of the global void fraction. The influence of the taper phase turbulent stress was found to stabilize the flow stratification.


The antimutagenic effects of nine active compounds in the Chinese herbal medicine "sho‐saiko‐to" on mutagenesis induced by a direct‐acting mutagen, 2‐(2‐furyI)‐3‐(5‐nitro‐2‐furyl)acrylamide (AF‐2) were investigated in Salmonella typhimurium, strain TA100. The active compounds examined were classified into two major groups, saponins and flavonoids, the former comprising glycyrrhizin, saikosaponins a, c and d, and ginsenosides Rbl and Rgl, and the latter, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin. Saikosaponin a and ginsenoside Rbl were found to reduce the mutagenicity of AF‐2 significantly when applied post‐AF‐2‐treatment in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Ginsenoside Rbl also decreased the mutagenic activity of AF‐2 in a simultaneous treatment protocol. The results indicate that saikosaponin a and ginsenoside Rbl may enhance DNA repair, and ginsenoside Rbl may also have the ability to inactivate the mutagenic activity of AF‐2 directly. On the other hand, saikosaponin d and baicalin showed a slight enhancing effect. None of the compounds, except baicalein, showed any toxic effect on the test strain. These findings may be useful for the development of chemopreventive agents.


We solve the wave equation for stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering from Gaussian pump beams by a transformation to a system of coexpanding and contracting coordinates in which the pump beam has constant radius. The resulting equation has a quadratic potential term and is equivalent to the Schrödinger equation for a harmonic oscillator in two dimensions. If the typical gain length is small compared to the Rayleigh range of the pump, the decrease of pump intensity away from the center will lead to strong narrowing of the amplified Stokes beam. The pump intensity distribution can then be expanded to second order in the radius about the center. In this approximation the wave equation can be solved exactly by Gaussians for arbitrary Gaussian initial Stokes fields. A lowest-order mode is found whose radius is narrower than the pump radius by about the inverse fourth root of the gain. For almost all initial Gaussian fields the amplified Stokes beam develops into this stationary mode. By transforming back to laboratory coordinates simple closed-form expressions for Stokes beam divergence and apparent location of the waist are found. Results agree very well with numerical calculations and recent experimental observations.


The operation of target diagnostics in a high-energy petawatt laser environment is made challenging by the large number of energetic electrons, hard x rays, and energetic particles produced in laser-target interactions. The charged particles and x rays from the target create secondary radiation and a large electromagnetic pulse (EMP) when they hit structures inside the target chamber. The primary particles create secondary particles and radiation that can create excessive background in sensitive detectors. The large EMP can impair or damage electronic equipment and detectors, especially inside the target chamber. Shielding and EMP mitigation strategies developed during experiments at the Rutherford Appleton Vulcan petawatt laser facility will be presented for a variety of detection systems, such as single-photon-counting x-ray charge-coupled device cameras, multiple diamond x-ray detectors, and scintillator-photomultiplier detectors. These strategies will be applied to the development of diagnostic system...


Flexibility of the national policy framework and international policy co-ordination are two key factors that affect international transfer of environmental technologies. In this chapter, empirical evidence is provided that indicates that the degree of flexibility of national environmental policy regimes has a positive effect on technology transfer. Flexibility ensures that markets are not fragmented across different countries as would be the case with prescriptive regimes. In the second case, we also examine whether adherence to a series of international agreements on reducing SOX and NOX emissions has induced the transfer of technologies between signatory countries. Supporting descriptive and econometric evidence to this end is provided.


The Gelevard dam which is located in northern part of Iran, is a concrete face rock fill embankment type (CFRD), with maximum height of 110 m and 280 m crest length. The rock fill dam body had recently finished and contractor has commenced construction of concrete face by starter slabs. The performance of dam during construction was monitored though monitoring instruments that were installed in three sections, representing the right abutment, at the maximum height section in the river bed and last section in the left abutment. For vertical and horizontal displacement of the rock fill body, 2 vertical inclinometers with mounted circular magnet plates on them, were installed in dam body, one is at mid part of dam, and another in downstream dam shell, in each chosen cross sections. Also hydraulic settlement devices were installed in two elevations of dam body. The largest vertical displacement registered in the central part of dam body, have reached about 120 cm. Interpretation and analysis of the results shows some deviations from design values for which settlement modulus was considered about 100 Mpa , whereas by using in-situ rock fill this modulus is varying between 40 to 70 Mpa causing these deviations. This paper represents the results of dam body deformation during construction.


This study aims to determine the effect of trust and teamwork on employee performance through organizational commitment as an intervening variable on CV. Bhagaskara Sinarmulya. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 43 employees. The sampling technique used by the researcher is non-probability sampling with sampling using a saturated sampling technique, with a sample of 43 employees. Analysis using SmartPLS 3.0. The results obtained that teamwork affects employee performance, trust does not affect organizational commitment, teamwork affects organizational commitment, trust has no effect on employee performance through organizational commitment as an Intervening variable, and teamwork has an effect on employee performance through organizational commitment as an Intervening variable


OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to perform first-trimester maternal serum metabolomic analysis and compare the results in aneuploid vs Down syndrome (DS) pregnancies.

STUDY DESIGN
This was a case-control study of pregnancies between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks. There were 30 DS cases and 60 controls in which first-trimester maternal serum was analyzed. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic analysis was performed for DS prediction.

RESULTS
Concentrations of 11 metabolites were significantly different in the serum of DS pregnancies. The combination of 3-hydroxyisovalerate, 3-hydroxybuterate, and maternal age had a 51.9% sensitivity at 1.9% false-positive rate for DS detection. One multimarker algorithm had 70% sensitivity at 1.7% false-positive rate. Novel markers such as 3-hydroxybutyrate, involved in brain growth and myelination, and 2-hydroxybutyrate, involved in the defense against oxidative stress, were found to be abnormal.

CONCLUSION
The study reports novel metabolomic markers for the first-trimester prediction of fetal DS. Metabolomics provided insights into the cellular dysfunction in DS.


l f~E(:f~n\lED Proceedings of the On-Line Isotope Separators Workshop, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, NY, OctQber 31 ':' November 1, 1977 w:;' :~,~ 1,A3(~q2PIT(}~'( !.!\V/;':; '~\; LBL ,7156 MJ\I< g 191H UBFU\RY .t'lND DOCUMENTS' SECTlON INITIAL RESULTS WIlli THE BERKELEY ON ... LINE MASS SEPARATOR - RAMA Joseph Cerny, D. M. MOltz, H. C. Evans, D. J. Vieira, R. F. Parry, J. M. Wouters, R. A. Gough, and M. S. Zisman November 1977 .i Prepared for the U. S. Department of Energy under ContractW-740S-ENG-48 TWO-WEEK LOAN COpy This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Dioision, Ext. 5716


Evaluation of patients with head and neck cancers is important for proper treatment planning. With advent of advanced fiberoptic system, assessment of the mucosal surfaces of upper aerodigestive tract is much easier and can be performed in office settings.


The utility model discloses a synchronous press fitting machine, which comprises a substrate, a press which is fixed on the substrate, a compression device which is driven by the press and a positioning plate which is fixedly connected with the substrate, and the synchronous press fitting machine also comprises a sliding groove for limiting the compression device, wherein the bottom surface of the compression device is provided with a plurality of ejector rods and a plurality of retractable positioning pins, the end part of each positioning pin is provided with a positioning hole, the positioning plate is fixedly provided with a plurality of groups of limiting devices, and each limiting device is formed by two upright posts which are distanced to each other. When a connecting piece is pressed, the connecting piece can be protected against damage; and meanwhile, the service life of the device can be improved.


Mixed‐charge zwitterionic surface modification shows great potential as a simple strategy to fabricate nanoparticle (NP) surfaces that are nonfouling. Here, the in vivo fate of 16 nm mixed‐charge gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is investigated, coated with mixed quaternary ammonium and sulfonic groups. The results show that mixed‐charge AuNPs have a much longer blood half‐life (≈30.6 h) than do poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, M¯w = 2000) ‐coated AuNPs (≈6.65 h) and they accumulate in the liver and spleen far less than do the PEGylated AuNPs. Using transmission electron microscopy, it is further confirmed that the mixed‐charge AuNPs have much lower uptake and different existing states in liver Kupffer cells and spleen macrophages one month after injection compared with the PEGylated AuNPs. Moreover, these mixed‐charge AuNPs do not cause appreciable toxicity at this tested dose to mice in a period of 1 month as evidenced by histological examinations. Importantly, the mixed‐charge AuNPs have higher accumulation and slower clearance in tumors than do PEGylated AuNPs for times of 24–72 h. Results from this work show promise for effectively designing tumor‐targeting NPs that can minimize reticuloendothelial system clearance and circulate for long periods by using a simple mixed‐charge strategy.


FT IR of the CaC 8H 4O 4∶Ce phosphor prepared by the solution reaction method were determined.Bands of their spectra were assigned.Some structure information about these compounds were given.


More than ten years before Rodney King was beaten by members of the Los Angeles Police Department, Carmen Coustaut was in the midst of writing, producing directing, and editing her first film as a student in cinema production at the University of Southern California. Titled justifiable Homicide, the five-minute drama depicts police brutality in the African American community. It was inspired by her former students at Fremont High School in South Central Los Angeles, who were continually under suspicion by LA police. Now an Assistant Professor of Radio, Television, and Film at the University of Maryland-College Park, Coustaut is still concerned with young African Americans. Her second film, Extra Change, addresses the consequences of peer pressure and low self-esteem on a twelve-year-old girl. It won the National Educational Film and Video Festival's Silver Apple Award in 1988, as well as nine additional prizes. As an African American woman, Coustaut is a pioneer in her chosen profession, which places additional demands on her time. Though filmmaking is her primary objective, Coustaut is also intent on spreading the word about other African American women filmmakers. In 1988 she received a Rockefeller Scholarship that allowed her to interview thirty black women filmmakers for a book that she soon hopes to have published. She was also one of the first educators in the country to offer a course on black women filmmakers. The following interview reflects the ways Coustaut continually weaves her roles as filmmaker, teacher, and scholar together, allowing one to influence the other. It took place at the University of Vermont, where she spent a semester as Artist-in-Residence and was hard at work on her third film, a full-length feature titled Harmonica Man. I began by asking about her decision to become a filmmaker. Coustaut: In college I was interested in writing poetry, but I didn't do very much of it. In graduate school I studied literature, even though I have a Master's in Education. And from there, I started teaching high school English in Los Angeles. I wanted to call myself a writer, but I never did any writing except for a couple of stories here and there. While I was teaching, I was amazed at how influenced my students were by popular media--television and film, in particular. My interest in writing shifted to screenwriting and I took a couple of courses. That was a pivotal time, because I wanted to move East and I wanted to teach at a black college. And of course I still wanted to be a writer. I accepted a job teaching English at Howard, but after a while the chair of the English department said I had to get a Ph.D. in English to continue teaching. I had no undergraduate or graduate degree English and so I thought about taking a couple of courses, but I hated doing literary criticism. I loved teaching Afro-American literature, but I didn't want to focus on analyzing the works. I wanted to create my own work. So I said to myself, if I'm going to go back to school I have to go back and study what I want to study. I had been thinking about film school and that's what I decided to do. After teaching high school for four years and college for two and a half, I went back to California to attend film school at the University of Southern California with basically no idea of what I was getting into. I was thirty years old. It was time for me to really do something to direct my life. I always saw teaching as a way to make a contribution to the black community. But film is a way to make another kind of contribution to the black community, and I would also get some personal satisfaction out of expressing my own creativity. Ferreira: Who instilled within you the importance of making a contribution to the black community, and why do you still think that's important? Coustaut: I was in college in the late sixties at the height of the Black Power Movement. It was always a given that we would have to use our resources to give back to the community. …


We present a transparent yet rigorous semantics for UML state machines, which makes the semantic variation points of UML explicit, as well as various ambiguities and omissions in the official UML documents. This includes the event deferring and completion mechanism and the meaning of atomic and durative actions and of concurrent internal activities. In particular we describe conflict situations which may arise through the concurrent behavior of active objects.


ofmeasurement. Results: Comparison between duplex andthevarious angiographic measurement techniques revealed significant differences between NASCETandduplex (P<.0001), ECSTandduplex (P<.01), andE2and duplex (P<.01) butnotbetween N2,eyeballing, andcarotid duplex methods. EventheNASCETandECST methods themselves differed significantly (P<.006). When comparisonwas madewithcomputerized planimetric measurements ofthecarotid plaque, there were significant differences forbothNASCET (P<.0007) andECST(P<.007). Correlation was demonstrated onlybetween planimetry andN2,E2,and duplex. Conclusions: NASCETandECSTangiographic methods ofmeasurement consistently underestimate the "true" anatomic stenosis. Assuch, theyrepresent only"indexes" ofcarotid stenosis severity. Duplex provides a more accurate measurement ofcarotid stenosis. (Stroke. 1993;24:1292-1296.)


Early extubation is desirable in preterm neonates to minimise the risk of complications associated with prolonged intubation. The association of significant pulmonary haemorrhage (PH) with extubation in a cluster of very preterm infants instigated an assessment of ductal and pulmonary haemodynamic effects of early extubation.


The authors report a locally acquired case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on Darnley Island in the Torres Strait. The index case is described and the potential sources identified. The entomological investigations and the public health response are described. (non-author abstract)


The fire performance of six welded hollow spherical joints is experimentally investigated and numerically simulated with the thermal parameters specified in the EUROCODE 3 and the standard fire temperature-time curve ISO 834. The temperature fields, the displacement properties and the stress characteristics of these joints are studied. Based on the nonlinear finite element analysis of the space grid structure under fire, the temperature field characteristic and the behavior of the structure under fire are discussed. Finally, several rules on the practical fire-resistant ability of the space grid structure are concluded, and some suggestions on the fire-resistant design of the structure are proposed as well.


Emotion regulation is attracting increasing research attention in the management literature. Abundant research exists regarding emotion regulation strategies, the method to regulate individuals' em...


inflammatory bowel disease from bench to bedside is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the inflammatory bowel disease from bench to bedside is universally compatible with any devices to read.


By stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells of four healthy donors with a mixture of overlapping peptides representing the core domain of p53, we established two CD4+ α β T cell clones and four lines that recognized wild‐type and mutant p53 proteins as well as p53 self peptides in an HLA class II‐restricted fashion. Two T cell lines established from two unrelated donors reacted to the p53 peptide (p)153 – 166 and p108 – 122, respectively, in the context of DP5 molecules. Two T cell clones established from two other unrelated donors were specific for p193 – 204 in the context of DRB1*1401 and for p153 – 165 in the context of DP5, respectively. These two T cell clones responded almost equally to both wild‐type and four mutant recombinant p53 proteins. The proliferative responses of these T cell clones to p53 recombinant proteins were augmented by heat denaturing, thereby suggesting that altered conformation of the protein facilitates proteolytic processing to produce antigenic peptides. The DRB1*1401‐restricted T cell clone specific for p193 – 204 killed a B lymphoblastoid cell line homozygous for HLA‐DRB1*1401 when the cell line was pre‐pulsed with p53 protein as well as peptide. These results indicate that CD4+ T cells reactive to p53 do exist in healthy individuals and the epitopes are probably ignored by the immune system under physiological conditions. It is suggested that such epitopes stimulate T cells to induce anti‐p53 antibody production in cancer patients as previously reported by others. The possible involvement of p53‐reactive T cells in anti‐tumor immunity is discussed.


In order to improve the efficiency of the maintenance, this paper attempts to construct a very reliable and maintainable website navigation system through XML in ASP.NET surroundings.


The Nigerian Construction industry through its procurement activities is contributing immensely to the economic development of the country.Nigeriaas a developing nation is still working hard to strengthening the public procurement sector through which public infrastructural facilities are developed. Public Procurement Guidelines are the procedural manual guiding public procurement processes. The guidelines are as provided by the public procurement Act PPA 2007, since then compliance with the guidelines has been facing a lot of obstacles. This paper identified and reviewed three major determinants of compliance with the procurement guidelines to include Familiarity with the procurement guidelines, Fraudulent Practices, and Influencing Projects awards. Thus recommended that, to achieve adequate compliance with the procurement guidelines procurement entities need to create room for awareness through training and workshops. The Bureau of public procurement must also ensure prosecution of procurement offences as part of its mandate. In addition, the National Council of Public Procurement NCPP be established and allow to play its role thus limiting the influences of project awards at the ministry level and at the procurement entity level as well.


Dispersion–flocculation studies on a Goethite–clay system using flocculants were carried out as a function of flocculant concentrations, pH of slurry, time of agitation and dispersant dosage. Also, the effects of pH and polymer concentrations on the adsorption behaviour of the system were investigated. Results show that well flocculated goethite was preferentially obtained from 4% goethite/kaolinite clay suspensions, with 50 ppm causticised starch in the slurry at pH values of 3–11·5 and with 50 ppm polyacrylamide at pH values of 3–8. Good flocs were also obtained on flocculation of the goethite suspension with 50 ppm polyacrylamide at pH values of 5–7, while the kaolinite suspension did not respond to the same dosage of causticised starch in the same pH range. Results further reveal that for the goethite/kaolinite suspension, the best results was obtained with 50 ppm polyacrylamide at pH values of 7–10. Based on the data generated in the study, it was concluded that causticised starch is a better flocculant than polyacrylamide for goethite suspensions although polyacrylamide is an excellent flocculant for kaolinite suspensions.


The purpose of this research was to examine the self-regulation learning strategies of 641 nursing undergrads, from year 1 to year 4,academic year 2009.  Adapted from the research instruments developed by Nonthasorn, et.al., the instruments used in this study included the personal record form and the self-regulation assessment form that revealed self-efficacy.  The reliability of these instruments was 0.80 and the data were analyzed based on percentage, means and standard deviation.  It was found that the overall self-efficacy of the students was high level (X = 3.47, SD. = 0.39).  It is suggested that these strategies should be further developed and other related factors should be taken into consideration. Keywords :  self-regulation learning strategies, nursing students


We present the results of characterizing and using a quantum cascade laser as a broadband infrared source for real-time spectroscopy. Using a Fabry-Perot quantum cascade laser (FP-QCL), we illuminate samples with "white" light from 8.2μm to 10.2μm. This laser source and its operating conditions (25°C and 500ns pulses at 200kHz) were chosen to give broad spectral coverage and high power output (42.7mW average power, pulsed operation). We utilized a simple grating spectrometer together with a micro-bolometer focal plane array to capture each full spectrum in a single frame. Several samples were characterized using this apparatus in a transmission-style measurement and their real-time spectra were compared to their Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. The results show a good agreement between FTIR and the real-time grating spectrometer for several exemplar samples, including bandpass filters, isopropanol vapor, and samples of IR active materials such as PTFE and polystyrene.


This paper introduces three kinds of the most popular database eccess techniques,and gives the primary
technology and realization methods to design VFP database appliocation software by calling ActiveX DataBase con-
trols provided by VB6. 0 over analyzing the principles of ADO.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the results of energy audit reports and defines most favourable characteristics of system, which is energy consumption of buildings, and most favourable factors affecting these characteristics in order to modify and improve them. Design/methodology/approach – Grey set theory has the advantage of using fewer data to analyse many factors, and it is therefore more appropriate for system study rather than traditional statistical regression which requires massive data, normal distribution in the data and few variant factors. So, in this paper grey clustering and entropy of coefficient vector of grey evaluations are used to analyse energy consumption in buildings of the Oil Ministry in Tehran. Grey clustering in this study has been used for two purposes: First, all the variables of building relate to energy audit cluster in two main groups of indicators and the number of variables is reduced. Second, grey clustering with variable weights has been used to classif...


Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, the 4th largest investment bank in the USA and the collapse of a financial sector initiated the biggest economic crisis since the Great Depression. Global recession sparked off an ongoing public debate. The main concern is whether it is an ordinary slubp or a serious systemic crisis. This article highlights two crucial changes appering on the horizon of the post-crisis world: the death of a neo-liberal doctrine and "rising tide" of women.


On August 15, 1945, Emperor Hirohito broadcast the news of Japan's surrender to theJapanese people.Although Tokyo had already communicated to the Allies its acceptance of the surrenderterms of the Potsdam Conference several days earlier, and a Japanese news serviceannouncement had been made to that effect, the Japanese people were still waiting to hear anauthoritative voice speak the unspeakable: that Japan had been defeated


In this study, several experimental investigations on the effects of nanofluids on the convective heat transfer coefficient in laminar and turbulent conditions were analyzed. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the thermal performance achieved with the use of nanofluids in various experimental systems. This review covers both forced and natural convection phenomena, with a focus on the different experimental setups used to carry out the experimental campaigns. When possible, a comparison was performed between different experimental campaigns to provide an analysis of the possible common points and differences. A significant increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient was found by using nanofluids instead of traditional heat transfer fluids, in general, even with big data dispersion from one case to another that depended on boundary conditions and the particular experimental setup. In particular, a general trend shows that once a critic value of the Reynolds number or nanoparticle concentrations is reached, the heat transfer performance of the nanofluid decreases or has no appreciable improvement. As a research field still under development, nanofluids are expected to achieve even higher performance and their use will be crucial in many industrial and civil sectors to increase energy efficiency and, thus, mitigate the environmental impact.


Each country aspires to provide the population the foodstuffs due to own manufacture. Economic safety of the state depends on the decision of this problem in many respects. The strategy of development accepted in the Russian Federation, provides the decision of this problem by development of manufacture of food stuffs in each region in view of its climatic conditions defining the price of these products.


This paper is intended to outline the process with which to determi ne the worst-case settings/conditions for car radio heat generation. The L8 Desi gn of Experiments (DoE) is adopted in this process, and also DoE can help to ide ntify the worst-case settings of the radio for heat generation and the heat valu e under the settings, based on the appropriate DoE factors that are selected. Th e process is also applicable to the test of heat characteristics of other multim edia components.


Imagine: An email pops up in your inbox inviting you to apply to be MTE's next editor. How would you react? Would you jump at the opportunity? Need to think more about it? Respond with a de nite "no"? What information would you need in order to help you decide? In my rst editorial, I share a bit of why I chose to jump at the opportunity to become MTE editor and what I have learned in the last year as Editor Designate, processing manuscripts alongside the founding and former MTE editor Peg Smith. In addition to providing insight into the MTE review process, I hope this editorial convinces many of you to seriously consider jumping on the opportunity to become MTE's next editor when it comes around again in 3 years.


We propose a nanostructured three-dimensional (nano-3D) solar cell design employing an ultrathin hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) n-i-p junction deposited on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays. The ZnO nanorods were prepared by aqueous chemical growth at 80 °C. The photovoltaic performance of the nanorod/a-Si:H solar cell with an ultrathin absorber layer of only 25 nm is experimentally demonstrated. An efficiency of 3.6% and a short-circuit current density of 8.3 mA/cm2 were obtained, significantly higher than values achieved for planar or even textured counterparts with three times thicker (∼75 nm) a-Si:H absorber layers.


Mark Freeman's reflective explorations into an "ethics of attention" prompt a number of issues and questions raised in this response. These include the historical, particular, situated, and contingent character of ethics and transcendence; Freeman's skepticism; moral criteria for judging varieties of transcendence; the demarcation of ethics; and the kinds of subjectivity compatible with an ethics of attention.


ABSTRACT The Triassic succession of the Nakhlak area in central Iran consists of (1) the LithologicallAlam Formation, which is a sequence of shallowing- and coarsening-upward marine turbidites deposited equon the forearc side of an accretionary prism; (2) the Baqoroq Formation, a resentatsequence of coarse to fine, polymictic, fluvial conglomerates; and (3) the Ashin For- mation, which comprises alternating, distal marine shales and sand- stones that have turbiditic characteristics. These rocks are wnot litholog- ically similar to time-equivalent lithostratigraphic units of Late Permian – Triassic age of the Aghdarband area of northeastern Iran (which are interpreted to be forearc deposits), but they may have formed in close association with them in a single tectonic and sedimen- tary framework. Accepting the 135° counterclockwise rotation of the central-east Iranian microcontinent authorwith respect to the Turan plate since Triassic time, and assuming that the Triassic rocks of the Nakhlak and the Late Permian to Triassic rocks of the Aghdarband formed in a single tectonosedimentary framework on the no rthern side of the paleo-Tethyan oceanic realm, we present here a sequential develop- ment. In this scheme, rocks of the bNakhlak and Aghdarband areas are considered deposits of a forearc, basin-ridge-slope centralenvironment. The separation of the Nakhlak succession from the rest of the Turan plate and its transportation to central Iran might have occurred as (1) a lithospheric segmen t of the Turan plate, first detached from Turan and then attached to the Iranian plate, and finally rotated with it in a coun- terclockwise direction to successionits present site; or (2) as a thin thrust slice first obducted over th e Iranian continental shelf and then displaced to cen- tral Iran by its counterclockwise rotation. INTRODUCTION


Composite photocatalysts of CuO/CoFe2O4-TiO2 were successfully synthesized by a sol-gel method and fixed on ordinary tiles. The photosterilization of Escherichia coli was examined on CuO/CoFe2O4-TiO2 thin films under a xenon lamp irradiation. The film was characterized by XRD, and the morphology was observed by SEM. Disinfection data indicated that CuO/CoFe2O4-TiO2 composite photocatalysts have the much better photocatalytic activity than CuO/CoFe2O4 and TiO2. The optimized composition of the nanocomposites has been found to be mCuO/CoFe2O4:mTiO2=3:7, with loadings ranging from 790 to 1400 mg/m2. The photocatalytic inactivated rate of E. coli (105 CFU/mL) reached 98.4% under the xenon lamp of 150 W within 30 min.


Abstract: Previous research has identified multiple approaches to the design and implementation of corporate ethics programs (Paine, 1994; Weaver, Treviño, and Cochran, in press b; Treviño, Weaver, Gibson, and Toffler, in press). This field survey in a large financial services company investigated the relationships of the values and compliance orientations in an ethics program to a diverse set of outcomes. Employees' perceptions that the company ethics program is oriented toward affirming ethical values were associated with seven outcomes. Perceptions of a compliance orientation were associated with four of these outcomes. The interaction of values and compliance orientations was associated with employees' willingness to report misconduct. In general, a values orientation makes a greater unique contribution to the measured outcomes when compared to a compliance orientation.


Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic and multisystematic inflammatory disorder characterized by oral and genital mu-cous "aphthous-like" recurrent ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Oral ulcerations are present in more than 90% of patients being often the first clinical manifestation. Although the actual etiology is still unclear, BD symptoms are consid-ered to be based on the correlation between the genetic factors (HLA B51) and the triggering extrinsic factors (i.e. oral unhygienic condition). Pediatric onset BD is an uncommon disease that presents before the age of 16 years and has a distinct clinical presentation of recurrent abdominal pain and episodes of fever. We report an interesting case of a 14 years old Caucasian male referring to our Unit for 3-years history of recurrent oral lesions. From a systemic point of view, the patient reported a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, abdominal pain and meteorism. The intra-oral examination revealed "aphthous-like" ulcers on the tip of the tongue and lower labial mucosa and scarring ar-eas in the lower labial mucosa. Furthermore, the lower lip appears swollen and with an increased consistency. Due to the age of the patient and the clinical signs and symptoms we consider as potential diagnosis a gastrointestinal disease as coeliac disease and Chron disease. However, serological screening for celiac disease was negative as well as faecal calprotectin; while, deficiencies of iron and folate and increased VES were showed. After 1 month the patient presented with a genital "aphthous-like" ulcer. So a BD was suspected and the research of HLA B51 was positive. The patient was referred


This paper reports a micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) switch based on carbon nanotube (CNT) array-to-CNT array contact operating at high temperatures. The outstanding interfacial thermal stability of the CNT arrays allowed the successful operation of the switch at 300 °C, under which condition the solid-state transistors or metal-based MEM switches would not be functioning. Our device operated as an n-type MEM switch by forming an air gap based on the intended stiction induced by the wet processes and the recovery after the synthesis of CNTs. Additionally, we investigated the possible degradation in switching behavior and the change in contact resistance at various temperatures. The switch exhibits stable and repetitive operations over 1,000 cycles at 300 °C under hot-switching conditions in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure without a significant change in the switching characteristics.


Ahetract This papper studies the robust stabiIity of state-space modeIs with structured Pertur-bations. An necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of the Perturbed system are ob-tained by expIoiting the critical stability condition in the frequencydomain and the structural infor-mation of the system. It is shown by examples that an less conservative stabiIity margln of the sys-tem can be achieved by using the new conditi0n.


The performance-limiting mechanisms in large-grain (greater than 1 to 2 mm in diameter) polycrystalline silicon solar cells were investigated by fabricating a matrix of 4 sq cm solar cells of various thickness from 10 cm x 10 cm polycrystalline silicon wafers of several bulk resistivities. Analysis of the illuminated I-V characteristics of these cells suggests that bulk recombination is the dominant factor limiting the short-circuit current. The average open-circuit voltage of the polycrystalline solar cells is 30 to 70 mV lower than that of co-processed single-crystal cells; the fill-factor is comparable. Both open-circuit voltage and fill-factor of the polycrystalline cells have substantial scatter that is not related to either thickness or resistivity. This implies that these characteristics are sensitive to an additional mechanism that is probably spatial in nature. A damage-gettering heat-treatment improved the minority-carrier diffusion length in low lifetime polycrystalline silicon, however, extended high temperature heat-treatment degraded the lifetime.


A building system includes a plurality of building tiles and/or connecters that are magnetically and releasably connectable to one another. The magnetic building tiles are comprised of a tile frame and a tile panel. The tile frame, by one approach, is comprised of two connectable frame portions or elements having magnets embedded therein. The first frame element and the second frame element are connectable to one another through a snap, clip, or another similar connection mechanism. The first and second frame elements are connectable around or into the tile panel, which is removable from the magnetic building tile. The tile panel or the tile frame has a channel into which the other of the tile panel or tile frame extends to secure the two pieces together. In another approach, the tile frame is a single element and the tile panel may snap or attach thereto through a set of fasteners.


Abstract : This thesis documents in a case format the events, environment and decisions in the genesis and evolution of the Department of Defense's Corporate information Management initiative.


Liquid crystal structures which are a collection of molecular clusters have been found in concentrated solutions of sodium salt of poly(glutamic acid) by means of polarizing micrograph, scattering of laser light, infrared absorption, X-ray diffraction, circular dichroism, and some other physical methods. This polymer undergoes a coil–helix transition at a certain polymer concentration that depends on the temperature, even at slightly alkaline pHs, and eventually becomes liquid crystalline. With the addition of 50-%(v/v) dioxane, helical polymers are separated as coacervate and show similar structures.


ABSTRACT The proliferation of 'behind-the-border' issues has become a major challenge for the global trading system. Why are some trade-related issues integrated in the strongly judicialized WTO with its dispute settlement system, while others are governed in isolation from the trade regime? Contributing to the literature on WTO issue boundaries, the paper highlights the role of uncertainty and demand for transgovernmental regulatory cooperation as drivers of regime outcomes. I argue that high technical and political uncertainty delays GATT/WTO integration of trade-related issues in favour of a soft-law trade pathway. A further-reaching separation from the trade regime occurs when uncertainty remains high and national regulatory authorities exhibit a demand for trade-separate cooperation with foreign counterparts. Case studies on government procurement and competition policy substantiate the argument. Government procurement has been integrated into the GATT/WTO trade regime under a market access agenda pursued by EU and US trade actors, but only after uncertainty had been reduced in technical soft-law trade talks at the OECD. Conversely, in competition policy – despite repeated efforts at GATT/WTO integration – cooperation has thrived in less judicialized transgovernmental networks such as the International Competition Network, driven by competition agencies eager to solve regulatory cooperation problems independently from the trade regime.


Cloud computing is powerful computing which is transformed the traditional computing and industries. Cloud is not a new concept. Many organizations like Google, Microsoft, and Amazon accelerate in developing this computing and provide the services for lots of users and storing the data through cloud now become a norm. But there are many issues that arrive to store the data in cloud. In this paper we review some securities issues and give a survey solution that have been done to minimize the security risk and describe future research work about all these risk that occur when data is stored in cloud computing.


AbstractLong before B. Joseph Pine II established a viable economic strategy around the concept of Mass Customization, and Dell Computer's execution of a custom build-to-order strategy, combinatorial theory (configuring of modular components) and generative systems have been employed in biological systems, grammatical sentence structure in linguistics, and also in architectural and urban design. This paper will trace the conceptual roots of Mass Customization through the examination of historical precedents: (1) Design of cities via biological analogy (Aristotle); (2) Architectural form via grammatical analogy (Mitchell); (3) Precis des Lecons d'architecture (Durand); (4) Combinatorial Optimization (Newell, Simon); and (5) Culinary Arts. We will then discuss the limitations of such combinatorial methods and then lay out a conceptual framework for achieving high levels of customization using combinatorial methods. The work on the MIT Concept Car by the Smart Cities group of the MIT Media Lab will illustrate these principles.


Aim: This study analyzed the recruitment and selection practices in smalland medium-sized (SME) hotels in the city of Villavicencio. Method: This was descriptive study wherein affiliated SMEs, mostly COTELCO, were taken as sample for analysis. A "staff recruitment and selection" questionnaire was used as an instrument, which was created by the GYDO Mp02 research group from Universidad de los Llanos. Results: The study results revealed that external recruitment is predominant aspect and voice communication is the most frequent technique used to inform about job searches. In the staff selection, interviews stand out, and skills and experience are the key factors in decision-making. Discussions: This study also examined whether the size of the hotels is related to their economic capacities, and vital efforts to meet their goals was evidenced. Conclusions: This study concluded that the city's SME hotels have a clear tendency of not giving the necessary importance to the recruitment process, and informality and lack of resources for the proper execution of the recruitment process evidenced several situations that prevent such hotels from attracting candidates suitable for different positions.


This article explores three tools that synchronize sound and text for online oral history collections: the Oral History Metadata Synchronizer (OHMS), the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), and YouTube. A detailed description and examples are given for each. Integrating audio/video recordings and transcripts enables searching and browsing, making oral histories more accessible and approachable.


A Research Project Submitted In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of a Master of Arts in International Relations at USIU-Africa


Background: Impaired cardiomyocyte repolarization leads to prolonged action potentials reflected as long QT (LQT) intervals associated with increased susceptibility to Torsades de Pointes (TdP). Current pharmacological treatment of LQT syndrome is often inadequate. This study evaluated the antiarrhythmic effect of a novel compound (NS1643) that activates the rapid delayed-rectifier K+ current, IKr, in two rabbit models of spontaneous TdP related to abnormal IKr function. Methods and Results: We used two clinically-relevant rabbit models of spontaneous TdP to which we infused NS1643 or vehicle (VCL): 3-week AV block with ventricular bradypacing; dofetilide (DOF) induced IKr inhibition in methoxamine-sensitized rabbits. Bradypaced rabbits developed frequent ventricular ectopy and TdP. Infusion of NS1643 (45 mg/kg/hr) completely suppressed arrhythmic activity and shortened the QT interval, whereas VCL had no effect (Fig A and B). NS1643 (35 mg/kg/hr) reduced the number of ectopic beats and episodes of ventri...


When faced with persecution, Christians behaved in a range of ways, from confessing and accepting (or even provoking) martyrdom to apostasising. Another option was to flee. Tertullian's perspective on flight varied with the rhetorical purposes of his writings. Other third century writers, notably Clement, Origen and Cyprian, argued that flight was a viable option in order to make life safer for those left behind, to avoid being complicit in the persecutors' sin and for preservation in order to continue one's work and witness. All four cited or alluded to Matthew 10:23 in support of their position. This paper explores the theological and contextual factors which informed their differing exegesis of this passage, concluding that theology was the primary influence for Clement and Origen, rhetorical aims for Tertullian, and for Cyprian, the role and duty of the bishop in changing circumstances.


This paper presents that when water is magnetised, it exhibits structural changes which increases the specific surface area of water. When this magnetised water is used in concrete instead of normal water, it is found that the compressive strength increases considerably. The additional strength attained by the use of magnetised water is used to address the need for reducing cement usage in concrete. In this attempt to reduce the usage of cement, fly ash which has immense potential to be used in construction industry, can be used to replace cement in concrete to a considerable extent. Based on the experimental results obtained by conducting tests on workability and compressive strength, optimum fly ash content for various grades of concrete are achieved.


. The processes of topology and shape optimization are well known methods in the field of fluid mechanics. Although successful in their own rights, it is conceivable that the two methods will find choicest solutions in tandem: i.e. if shape optimization were able to improve a topological solution. Conjoining the two methods in this manner is not straightforward, how-ever, since there is no existing process to connect one to the other. Toward this goal, a novel transitional process is proposed to process level set topology solutions obtained using the continuous adjoint method such that a shape optimization loop using the continuous adjoint can be initialized, run and ultimately produce a refined, parameterized solution. First, the topology optimization process is enhanced using the level set method to both maintain an explicit description of the interface between the solid and fluid topological domains and prevent the formation of fluid or solid islands which would not be viable for manufacturing. The interface is then fitted with Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) through application of sensitivities garnered from the solution of an auxiliary optimization problem which aims at reducing the difference between the signed distance fields generated about each NURBS curve and its corresponding interface section. A body-fitted mesh is generated for the geometry defined by the fitted NURBS, allowing a shape optimization loop to be


Chemotherapeutic agents lead to the damage of healthy cells because they react with cells which are dividing at a high rate by inhibiting the DNA synthesis and interfering with the process of cell division. "Therapeutic drug delivery allows for an increase in the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent while minimizing the interaction with nontumour sites in the body by controlling the release rate of the therapeutic agent and having targeted sites on the nanoparticle which will allow the nanoparticle to release its contents at targeted sites." There are three main methods of creating nanocarriers for drug delivery that will be consider in this paper, nanoprecipitation, single emulsion and double emulsion. N Single emulsion is the formation of nanoparticles through oil in water emulsion. Another way to decrease the toxic effect of the drug loaded nanoparticle on the cells is by having specific ligands attached to the nanoparticle that specifically targets a cancer cells or have magnetic particles that one can move to the area where the tumour is located by using a magnet


In this work, we study the impact of temporally varying gravity on an idealized shallow conducting fluid with a free surface. We formulate the problem in terms of the shallow magnetohydrodynamic (SMHD) equations which allows the study of the resulting anisotropy in the context of a Faraday instability. We simplify the linear stability problem into a Mathieu equation by assuming gravity is periodic in time. Using the existing theory of Mathieu's equation, we find that anisotropy occurs, with wave vectors parallel to the imposed magnetic field stabilized. We describe the regions of instability in wave number space.


Fireguns continue to attract people's attention today as they have in the past. People obtain fireguns for individual purposes such as hunting, protection or defense.


The invention discloses a bidirectional seat seal hook-wall packer, a preparation method thereof and a shaft circumferential packing method. The packer comprises a central tube. The two ends of the central tube are respectively connected with a first joint and a second joint. A first stop collar, a first piston, a first slip, a first cone, a first rubber tube compression ring, a rubber tube, a second rubber tube compression ring, a second cone, a second slip, a second piston and a second stop collar are sequentially sheathed on the central tube from the first joint. A first hydraulic cylinder which is connected with the first joint is sheathed on the external side of the first piston. A first locking slip which is used for preventing the first piston from moving towards the first joint is fixedly arranged on the central tube. A supporting ring is arranged between the central tube and the rubber tube. A second hydraulic cylinder which is connected with the second joint is sheathed on the external side of the second piston. A second locking slip which is used for preventing the second piston from moving towards the second joint is fixedly arranged on the central tube. A first pressure transmission hole and a second pressure transmission hole which respectively correspond to the first piston and the second piston are arranged on the central tube. The packer disclosed by the invention can be reliably anchored.


The article is devoted to an overview of the possibilities of modern scientific, technical and technological solutions in achieving the goals of sustainable development, implemented by the UN. The article was prepared on the basis of an analysis of the issues raised during the online discussion "Green Cities and Economies: Solutions from Academia", held on July 21, 2020 in the framework of the 75th anniversary of the United Nations. The article presents analytical materials that reveal the prospects for using modern scientific and technological achievements in the creation of ecologically clean cities. Possibilities and feasibility of using advanced composite materials and multifunctional nanocoatings in the fight against urban noise have been determined. The advantages of special noise-insulating panels based on composite materials and nanocoatings to reduce the negative effects of city noise are noted. It is concluded that it is necessary to strengthen the participation of the academic community in achieving the goals of sustainable development and the practical use of scientific discoveries in the practice of creating "green" cities.


Nomenclature standards of 17 varieties of honeysuckle selected by the Pavlovsk Experimental Station of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) were developed under the Project on creation nomenclature standards for varieties of cultivated plants of domestic selection in the VIR. Plant material for herbarium specimens designated as nomenclature standards was gathered at the flowering and fruiting stages (2020, 2021) in the collection of the originator (Pushkinsk and Pavlovsk laboratories of VIR) in assistance of a cobreeder of these varieties. The herbarization process involves selecting variety-specific parts of the plant (flowers, vegetative and generative shoots, berries). A herbarium label specifies a herbarium code of the specimen in the VIR herbarium, a Latin name of the species, a name of the variety, an origin (name of the organization where the variety was created), a place of generation (where the herbarium plant was grown), dates of collection, names of collectors. Each herbarium specimen is supplemented with photographs of flowers and berries. The nomenclature standards were drawn in accordance with the recommendations of The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) as well as the VIR-developed protocol, and were registered in the VIR herbarium database. As a result of the study, nomenclature standards of the following honeysuckle varieties were created, formalized and deposited in the Herbarium of Cultivated plants of the world, their wild relatives and weeds (WIR): Altair (WIR-97772), Amphora (WIR-97778), Bogdana (WIR-97780), Viola (WIR-97784), Volkhova (WIR-97785), Lebedushka (WIR97834), Malvina (WIR-97837), Morena (WIR-97838), Nympha (WIR-97839), Omega (WIR-97840), Pavlovskaya (WIR-97841), Pushkinskaya (WIR-97842), Slavyanka (WIR-97845), Sodruzhestvo (WIR-97847), Solovey (WIR97848), Souvenir (WIR-97975), Fialka (WIR-97978).


Background. The presence in the molecule of pyridine bases of nitrogen atoms having the properties of the bases determines the specificity of the products of this class and gives ample opportunities for their use in various industries. . The chemistry of pyridine bases is associated with such general theoretical issues as the electronic structure of the cycle, aromaticity, the effect of substituents on the reactivity of heterocycles in nucleophilic substitution reactions, and tautomerism. At the same time, systematic data on the reactions of alkylation with dihalo-alkanes, acylation under low-temperature poly-condensation, and complexation were not available to create a complete picture of the reactivity of pyridine bases. Materials and methods. The aim of the work is to develop cheap and convenient methods for the preparation of pyridine bases, to search for effective and selective process catalysts, and to determine the degree of anticorrosion protection of metals of the obtained products.


Abstract Herein, we have synthesized an enantiomerically pure propeller‐shaped PAH, C90H48, possessing three [7]helicene and three [5]helicene subunits. This compound can be obtained in gram quantities in a straightforward manner. The photophysical and chiroptical properties were investigated using UV/Vis absorption and emission, optical rotation and circular dichroism spectroscopy, supported by DFT calculations. The nonlinear optical properties were investigated by two‐photon absorption measurements using linearly and circularly polarized light. The extremely twisted structure and packing of the homochiral compound were investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.


A three‐dimensional numerical model is developed to study the motion and mixing process induced by thermals. The model utilizes a split‐operator approach for the solution of the hydrodynamic equations and the advective diffusion equation. A conservative characteristics based scheme with flux‐limiter is employed to accurately approximate the advective terms in all equations and to prevent the generation of over and under shoots in the solution. In modelling the turbulent stresses and diffusion, the mixing length model is used. Cases of unit thermals in uniform or stratified ambient fluid and advected line thermals are simulated and the results verify the empirical equations for thermal parameters obtained from the reported experimental data.


Yun Li a School of North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: This paper describes an index-system to measure the success of smart growth of a city. Smart Growth Theory has the three-E's goal of Economic prosperity, social Equity and Environmental sustainability and ten principles concerning sustainable development. Firstly, I refered to a large number of reference materials concerning evaluation index system and Smart Growth, learning index construction methods and important indexes from them, and then I constructed four first-level indexes including Urban land-use system, Economic system, Social system, and Ecological system to assess whether the three E goals is well achieved in a city's urban planning. Then I refined the four first-level indexes into 8 second-level indexes to evaluate whether the ten principles are fully considered in a city's development. At last, I detailed the 8 second-level indexes into 25 quantifiable third-level indexes, so we can evaluate whether the growth pattern of a city is carrying out the Smart Growth Theory successfully, based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the city's characteristics and deficiencies, and offer some guidance and suggestions for the city's further growth planning.


ABSTRACT: Henriksson, P. and Ekelund, H. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Lund, Allmänna Sjukhuset, Malmö, Sweden). Abnormal proteolysis in sick newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:327, 1975–87 newborn infants were studied on their first day of life for defects in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. The infants were divided into two diagnostic groups, one with IRDS, the other with mixed neonatal disorders. Factor V, fibrinogen and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were abnormal more often than any of the other factors examined. The presence or absence of "multiple defects" appeared to depend on the severity of the illness and its ultimate course. Thus 28% of the surviving infants or 85% of those who died had "multiple defects". The pattern of abnormalities did not differ between the infants with IRDS and those with mixed disorders. The "multiple defects" are ascribed to the following mechanisms: (1) impaired synthesis due to vitamin K deficiency and/or liver damage, (2) abnormal proteolytic activity stimulated by tissue damage and causing (a) an activation of the coagulation process (b) activation of the fibrinolytic system, or (c) of both the coagulation and the fibrinolytic systems. Differentiation between these pathways to defective haemostasis are important when deciding upon therapeutic measures in addition to the basic treatment.


A two‐phase flow model, which solves the flow in the air and water simultaneously, is presented for modelling breaking waves in deep and shallow water, including wave pre‐breaking, overturning and post‐breaking processes. The model is based on the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the k −ε turbulence model. The governing equations are solved by the finite volume method in a Cartesian staggered grid and the partial cell treatment is implemented to deal with complex geometries. The SIMPLE algorithm is utilised for the pressure‐velocity coupling and the air‐water interface is modelled by the interface capturing method via a high resolution volume of fluid scheme. The numerical model is validated by simulating overturning waves on a sloping beach and over a reef, and deep‐water breaking waves in a periodic domain, in which good agreement between numerical results and available experimental measurements for the water surface profiles during wave overturning is obtained. The overturning jet, air entrainment and splash‐up during wave breaking have been captured by the two‐phase flow model, which demonstrates the capability of the model to simulate free surface flow and wave breaking problems.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Starting with the intuitive concept of `nearness' as a binary relation, semi-proximity spaces (sp-spaces) are defined. The restrictions on semi-proximity spaces are weaker than the restrictions on topological proximity spaces. Nevertheless, semi-proximity spaces generalize classical topological spaces. Moreover, it is possible to describe all digital pictures used in computer vision and computer graphics as non-trivial semi-proximity spaces, which is not possible in classical topology. Therefore, we use semi-proximity spaces to establish a formal relationship between the `topological' concepts of digital image processing and their continuous counterparts in Rn. Especially interesting are continuous functions in semi- proximity spaces. The definition of a `nearly' bicontinuous function is given which does not require the function to be one-to-one. A nearly bicontinuous function preserves connectedness in both directions. Therefore, nearly bicontinuous functions can be used for characterizing well-behaved operations on digital images such as thinning. Further, it is shown that the deletion of a simple point can be treated as a nearly bicontinuous function. These properties and the fact that a variety of nearness relations can be defined on digital pictures indicate that nearly continuous functions are a useful tool in the difficult task of shape description.


The aim of this paper is double. First of all we propose to analyze the
relationships between the daily stock indices in the G-7 financial markets from
1990 to 2004, in order to investigate the structural changes due to the shift
into the New Economy after January 1997 and the Asian crisis; as well as the
multivariate volatility effects in the evolution of those seven important stock
indices. Chen, So and Gerlach (2005) analyze the G-7 financial indices, for
a period of time included in our data. They obtain the same pattern in all
time series by means of unvaried threshold models (threshold non linearity in
conditional mean and in conditional variance and asymmetric response). Next
we compare those results with the ones gotten earlier using daily stock indices in
the USA, Japan and Spain. The empirical results obtained in this previous work
showed that the global breakpoint coincides with the fall of the NASDAQ. The
main conclusion now is that after this breakpoint, most of the financial markets
indices have similar behavior, corroborating the idea of globalization in those
stock markets. The dynamic structure of those indices has been estimated using
cointegrated vectors and VAR-GARCH-M models which allow us to estimate
the volatility of the whole indices.


Rat genotypes differ in their susceptibility to spontaneously occurring spike‐wave discharges and in their dopaminergic properties. In a previous study, it was found that spike‐wave discharge incidence decreased in the following order in four rat genotypes during baseline and following injection with the dopamine antagonist haloperidol: apomorphine‐susceptible (APO‐SUS) > WAG/Rij > apomorphine‐unsusceptible (APO‐UNSUS) and ACI rats. The question in the present study was to what extent certain dopaminergic properties are pathognomonic for epileptic rats. Therefore, behavioral responses were assessed in order to investigate the dopaminergic properties in the four rat genotypes. Apomorphine‐induced gnawing data imply that the dopamine activity of the nigrostriatal system in the WAG/Rij rats is higher than in APO‐SUS but lower than in the ACI and APO‐UNSUS rats. Furthermore, in previous studies APO‐SUS have been shown to have a higher novelty/amphetamine‐induced locomotion, indicative of a higher dopamine reactivity of the mesolimbic system as compared to APO‐UNSUS rats. Results from the present study showed that WAG/Rij rats have a higher locomotor responsiveness to novelty/amphetamine, indicating a higher dopamine reactivity of the mesolimbic system in comparison to the ACI rats. It is suggested that the functional dopaminergic mesolimbic dominance is an important factor in the susceptibility to show spontaneously occurring spike‐wave discharges.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing various cell‐surface polysaccharides including alginate, A‐band and B‐band lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The D‐mannuronic acid residues of alginate and the D‐rhamnose (D‐Rha) residues of A‐band polysaccharide are both derived from the common sugar nucleotide precursor GDP‐D‐mannose (D‐Man). Three genes, rmd, gmd and wbpW, which encode proteins involved in the synthesis of GDP‐D‐Rha, have been localized to the 5′ end of the A‐band gene cluster. In this study, WbpW was found to be homologous to phosphomannose isomerases (PMIs) and GDP‐mannose pyrophosphorylases (GMPs) involved in GDP‐D‐Man biosynthesis. To confirm the enzymatic activity of WbpW, Escherichia coli PMI and GMP mutants deficient in the K30 capsule were complemented with wbpW, and restoration of K30 capsule production was observed. This indicates that WbpW, like AlgA, is a bifunctional enzyme that possesses both PMI and GMP activities for the synthesis of GDP‐D‐Man. No gene encoding a phosphomannose mutase (PMM) enzyme could be identified within the A‐band gene cluster. This suggests that the PMM activity of AlgC may be essential for synthesis of the precursor pool of GDP‐D‐Man, which is converted to GDP‐D‐Rha for A‐band synthesis. Gmd, a previously reported A‐band enzyme, and Rmd are predicted to perform the two‐step conversion of GDP‐D‐Man to GDP‐D‐Rha. Chromosomal mutants were generated in both rmd and wbpW. The Rmd mutants do not produce A‐band LPS, while the WbpW mutants synthesize very low amounts of A band after 18 h of growth. The latter observation was thought to result from the presence of the functional homologue AlgA, which may compensate for the WbpW deficiency in these mutants. Thus, WbpW AlgA double mutants were constructed. These mutants also produced low levels of A‐band LPS. A search of the PAO1 genome sequence identified a second AlgA homologue, designated ORF488, which may be responsible for the synthesis of GDP‐D‐Man in the absence of WbpW and AlgA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequence analysis of this region reveals three open reading frames (ORFs), orf477, orf488 and orf303, arranged as an operon. ORF477 is homologous to initiating enzymes that transfer glucose 1‐phosphate onto undecaprenol phosphate (Und‐P), while ORF303 is homologous to L‐rhamnosyltransferases involved in polysaccharide assembly. Chromosomal mapping using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Southern hybridization places orf477, orf488 and orf303 between 0.3 and 0.9 min on the 75 min map of PAO1, giving it a map location distinct from that of previously described polysaccharide genes. This region may represent a unique locus within P. aeruginosa responsible for the synthesis of another polysaccharide molecule.


The invention provides a series combination protecting-balancing module for high-capacity lithium ion batteries, which adopts a special micropower integrated circuit of a single lithium ion battery as a detection controller of individual battery voltage, reduces consumable current, and obtains high-precision detection voltage. Optical couplers are driven through a MOSFET, so as to realize the logic synthesis and level transfer of the charge-discharge protection control signals of every individual battery, and a Schmidt trigger circuit is adopted to reshape a total discharge control signal. The sampling of the current value and voltage limitation of a loading loop are realized through a MOSFET source follower circuit, and the multilevel current and short-circuit detecting function of a special integrated circuit is utilized to realize over-current and short-circuit protection and state keeping. The power supply of a control loop is realized by use of a whole-set electricity taking mode, so as to guarantee the consumable current balance of every individual battery; and an intermittent balance control mode is realized by utilizing the voltage-delay return difference of charging-protection staring-releasing control signals.


Proportional integral derivative controller is commonly used to control devices, which is a transfer function consisting of three parameters which are: Proportional Gain (kp), Integral Gain (ki) and Derivative Gain (kd). The problem of the PID controller is that the gains (kp, ki and kd) must be chosen carefully in order to get better performance. In this paper, Particle swarm optimization (PSO) applies to obtain these gains. PID controller applies to Automatic Voltage Regulator in this paper. Furthermore, this paper presents simulation results that are used for comparing the proposed gains of PID controller and base system gains based on performance criteria in the time domain (Transient Analysis), including the overshoot, rise time, settling time, and steadystate error. In addition, this paper presents a simulation for the terminal voltage response to show the efficiency of the PSO method compared with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) method and the simulated Annealing (SA) method.


During the geological mapping for the Detailed Geological Map of Poland in the scale 1:50000, a new site of the Eopleistocene deposits was discovered. The profile is in the sand pit situated in the woods by the Teremiec village, near Dubienka, in south-eastern part of Lublin Upland. For the first time in Eastern Poland a rich fauna of molluscs was found, in the lowermost layers of these deposits. All suites or Eopleistocene sediments were deposited by the river flowing from south to north. These fluvial deposits occur recently on the surface of upland distinctly elevated in the area being under study.


Based on the characteristics of Chinese medicine universities,an initial exploration about how to construct organic chemistry experiment course was carried out by authors.To promote the reform of the organic chemistry experiment teaching,we must update experimental content and optimize teaching methods.


Objective To investigate the incidence of vaginal infection after 42 day postpartum. Methods 188 women who came for 42-day postpartum exam at Daxing District Hospital during January to March 2013 were selected,for whom routine screening was conducted by using routine examination of leucorrhea. Results 62 women( 32. 98% of the total) with vaginal infections were found,including 21 with aerobic vaginitis( 11. 17%),29 with bacterial vaginosis( 15. 43%),7 with trichomonal vaginitis( 3. 72%),and 5 with vulvovaginal candidiasis( 2. 67%). Conclusion Bacterial vaginitis is the most common vaginal infection after 42 days postpartum.


This paper explores the paths through which health can influence the impact of migration and remittance receipt on household poverty. It provides a framework for organizing the migration literature and addresses the gaps in the current literature that motivate investigating the remittance-health-poverty link. The paper introduces the context of migration in South Africa and the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamic Study which will be used to test whether health is a channel through which remittances influence household welfare and vulnerability to poverty in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Section 1: Introduction Migration has always been a path to change throughout human history. Advances in globalization, communication, and transportation have increased motive, opportunity, and capacity of individuals to move. As society and labor markets become more global, governments are being forced to re-examine their immigration policies in order to take advantage of new opportunities and overcome new challenges. These include developing more responsive and innovative financial, legal, professional, and institutional policies that enhance the development impact of migration. Receiving countries are experimenting with various forms of visas to reduce restrictions on migrants. 8 Sending countries are seeking ways to attract expatriates home, facilitate remittance and resource transfers, and capitalize on transnational networks to help local economic development in 7 The legal status of migrant workers can impact the amount earned and therefore remitted to origin countries. If legal status impedes their ability to return home periodically, it can also lessen migrant ties with origin communities. 8 Developed countries facing unmet demand for skilled or unskilled labor can either train natives, or permit migration. High-skilled migrant labor directly increases economic productivity. Low-skilled migrants perform tasks at lower wages, allowing native workers to engage in more productive, higher-earning employmentindirectly contributing to increased economic productivity for developed countries.


THE CONSTRUCTION OF CALIBAN as a colonized native has become a truism of conremporary criticism of Tbe Tempest. Meredith Skura and Alden and Virginia Vaughan have traced the history of Caliban and the way in which he has been constructed from monster to villain to victim. Caliban has become a cultural icon, a means and touchstone of the culture from which he derives and of those cultures which have appropriated him. Skura argues that new historicism is one elemenr of that large body of work which attempts to accounr for the exploitation of the New World by the project of economic adventurism of the SL'Cteenth and seventeenth cenruries . Prospero, according to this view, far from being the divine orderer of more traditional interpretations, is the embodiment of European, Old World cultural domination. Power over the New World Other, not the rehabilitation of Italian (or, of course, English) political turbulence, is seen as the essential part of his political mandate within the play. Leslie Fiedler, writing in 1972, made the point: "thanks to such political commentators as Fran[t]z Fanon, as well as certain more adventurous literary critics like Frank Kermode, no respectable production of the play these days can afford to ignore the .sf'nsf' in which [the play] is a parable of transatlanric imperialism,


Using laser beams of at least one laser for odorless scoring, cutting and drilling of leather, characterized in that pulsed laser beams with a pulse time of less than 200 ns, either a solid state laser with a wavelength of 355 nm or an excimer laser with a wavelength of 351 nm, 308 nm or 248 nm are used arise, so that clean and ink-less tillage edges becoming brittle.


Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is an embryonic central nervous system tumor. It has a low incidence with a high degree of malignancy and a poor prognosis. Five years ago, we successfully treated a child with AT/RT. Treatment comprised total tumor resection, 6 MV X 3D conformal radiotherapy (DT: 36Gy/18FX) and six courses of chemotherapy, including teniposide 25 mg (qd × 5d), ACNU 25 mg (qd × 1d), vincristine 1 mg (qd × 1d). There was no tumor recurrence after 5 years of follow-up. We adjusted the previous AT/RT regimen to make it more suitable for the individual treatment of this patient, and now the patient has achieved a cure. So we think this regimen is effective and it is worthy of recommendation.