A project under the title "Cryoplane – Liquid Hydrogen Fuelled Aircraft System Analysis", Contract G4RD-CT-1999-00192, has been started within the 5th Framework program of the European Commission in April 2000. 36 partners from industry, research and academia contributed to this project covering aircraft configuration, systems & components, propulsion, safety, environmental compatibility, fuel sources & infrastructure, transition Total project time was 26 months. The objectives of the project were to develop a conceptual basis for unlimited applicability, safety, and full environmental compatibility, and to undertake medium/long term scenarios for a smooth transition from kerosene to hydrogen in aviation. This system analysis covers all relevant technical, environmental, societal and strategic aspects providing a sound basis for initiating larger scale activities preparing for the development and introduction of Liquid Hydrogen as an aviation fuel. The project helped in mastering the necessary technology and provided a comprehensive analysis of the complex interrelated aspects. It looked into the technical feasibility, safety and environmental compatibility of the concept and produced technical solutions and tools. It worked out possible strategies for a smooth transition to the new fuel. The results of the project confirmed that liquid hydrogen, from the technical side, could be an alternative future fuel. Because of today's high hydrogen production costs and the missing infrastructure it remains not attractive for operation at this time. This report presents the major results of the assessments made under "WP2 – Aircraft Configurations" and the remarkable messages of the other work packages of the project. NOMENCLATURE CMR Cryoplane Medium Range CO2 Carbondioxide A/C Aircraft COC Cash Operation Costs DOC Direct Operating Costs Westenberger, A. (2008) H2 Technology for Commercial Aircraft. In Advances on Propulsion Technology for High-Speed Aircraft (pp. 14bis-1 – 14bis-14). Educational Notes RTO-EN-AVT-150, Paper 14bis. Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: RTO. Available from: http://www.rto.nato.int. H2 Technology for Commercial Aircraft 14bis 2 RTO-EN-AVT-150 H2 Hydrogen H2O water LCA Life Cycle Analysis LH2 Liquid H2 MTOW Maximum Take-Off Weight MWE Manufacturer's Weight Empty NOx Nitrogen Oxide OWE Operating Weight Empty p. a. per annum Pax Passenger RK Reference a/c Kerosene WP Work Package INTRODUCTION Air traffic has enjoyed strong growth over a long time, and it is predicted that such growth will continue at rates of 4 – 5 % p.a. over the next decades. Assuming continuing worldwide economic growth, saturation of air traffic is not yet in sight. It is generally accepted that the emission of greenhouse gases, most notably of long-living carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting from industrial activities, cannot be allowed to continue increasing if adverse global climate change is to be avoided. Air traffic today contributes about 3% to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. This number may change due to increase of air traffic and the decrease of the major CO2 producers of today. LH2 could be an alternative to the hydrocarbon fuel like cheap kerosene or any other "designed" hydrocarbon fuel. It could be a fuel suitable for aircraft to be produced from renewable energy and offering extremely low emissions (zero CO2, very low NOx). It has the potential to eliminate the dependency of aviation upon dwindling crude oil resources and to reduce dramatically, the contribution of aviation to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. Use of liquid hydrogen hence could allow sustainable growth of aviation at high rates (typically 4-5% per year) with an extreme low impact on the environment. The project "Cryoplane – Liquid Hydrogen Fuelled Aircraft System Analysis" included the assessment of all aspects relevant to form an overall judgment and defined technical concepts for initializing realization. The whole project was stuctured into 8 technical work packages. WP1 (Project Management) WP2 Aircraft Configuration WP3 Systems and Components WP4 Propulsion WP5 Safety H2 Technology for Commercial Aircraft RTO-EN-AVT-150 14bis 3 WP6 Environmental Compatibility WP7 Fuel Sources and Infrastructure WP8 Transition Scenarios WP9 Trade-off: Slush Overall aircraft configurations have been identified, which meet the requirements of efficient and safe operation in all aircraft categories, from "Business Jets" to "Very Large Long Range Aircraft" (600 and more seats). Their performance has been analyzed and compared to conventional aircraft. Based on an overall architecture for the fuel system, which was adapted to those tank arrangements required for different aircraft categories, the technical feasibility and availability of suitable components has been assessed. Detailed analyses of "conventional" and "unconventional" engines have been done. Safety aspects specific to aviation have been assessed, coming to the overall conclusion that hydrogen fuelled aircraft certainly will be as safe as conventional aircraft. Assessments on H2 production (including extensive LCA), infrastructure and ground-handling facilities and procedures were as well part of this exercise. With respect to environmental compatibility, great benefits have been identified. According to extensive computer simulations, also the contrails produced by hydrogen-fuelled aircraft will contribute less to anthropogenic greenhouse effect compared to the conventional case. (Source: WP 6 of [2]) This report gives an overview of the project. TECHNICAL WORPACKAGES According to the introduction WP2 to WP9 are technical work packages. WP1 was only related to project management. Objective of the WP2 In order to prove the possibility of the use of H2 as an alternative fuel from the aircraft industrial side the exercise of this project was related to the range of aircraft categories, which are in general in commercial operation. One objective at the beginning of this project was to identify aircraft configurations, which meet the requirements of efficient and safe operation in all aircraft categories, from "Business Jets" to "Very Large Long Range Aircraft". Their performance and DOC should be analyzed and compared to conventional aircraft. Based on data coming from the other work packages configurations of the selected aircraft categories have been worked out. Aircraft performances have been calculated and compared with conventional aircraft. The work on Aircraft configurations WP2 was split into two main groups of tasks; the conventional und unconventional configurations. Conventional aircraft configurations have been evaluated for those categories, which were selected before, whereas unconventional categories were worked out in a more general way. H2 Technology for Commercial Aircraft 14bis 4 RTO-EN-AVT-150 Results The "Cryoplane System Analysis" has shown that hydrogen could be a suitable alternative fuel for the future aviation. Nevertheless, due to the missing materials, parts, components and engines further R&D work has to be performed until hydrogen can be used as an aircraft fuel. According to estimations made during this project the earliest implementation of this technology could be expected in 15 to 20 years, under the condition that the research work will continue on a certain level. From the operating cost point of view hydrogen remains not attractive under the today's condition, while kerosene is much cheaper than hydrogen and production/infrastructure is completely missing. Following features have resulted from comprehensive calculation and parametric studies for the above listed range of aircraft categories. Due to the bigger wetted surface the energy consumption would increase by 9% to 14%. The OWE may increase by roughly 23% by having additional tank structure, while the difference of the MTOW will vary between plus 4.4% to minus 14.8% depending on the aircraft configuration and mission. All this will result in an increase of the operating costs by 4% to 5% caused by fuel only. Various unconventional configurations have been assessed. An advantage of the selected configurations relative to conventional configurations could not be identified. Detailed analysis of "conventional" engines has confirmed that a hydrogen engine will be as efficient as a kerosene engine in terms of energy consumption. Substantial improvements in NOx emissions by lean combustion have been quantified on the basis of experimental data. Small but not negligible benefits have been found for unconventional engine configurations, utilizing the liquid hydrogen's cooling capacity. A heat exchanger was identified as one novel feature of the fuel supply system. It is needed to heat up the liquid hydrogen to a temperature, which is suitable to the injection into the combustion chamber. Different design principles have been assessed. Result has confirmed the feasibility, but further research is needed for validation of the design itself and its implementation into the power plant. Requirements and regulations for ground handling and servicing have to be reviewed and adapted. Airworthiness requirements may be amended according to the specific behavior of LH2 and the technical design solutions. All kind of accidental incidents and results of emergency landings have been identified and analyzed. Technical design solutions and/or possible changes of operating procedures have been identified. Conservative life cycle analysis, based on the data taken from the detailed analysis of the different production, transportation, storage and consumption methods (oilfield to jet propulsion) of H2 and kerosene performed and compared. The result showed in any case a lower CO2 production in case of H2 use. But the high potential is the production of H2 by renewable energy. According to extensive computer simulations, contrails produced by hydrogen-fuelled aircraft will contribute less to anthropogenic greenhouse effect compared to the con


It is shown that the atomic number is prime at the beginning of the each , , , and energy levels of electrons, with some fluctuation in the actinide and lanthanide series. The periodic prime number boundary of , , , and is postulated to occur because of stability of Schrodinger's wave equation due to a fundamental relationship with the Riemann-Zeta function. It is the goal of this paper to explain the spacing of en- ergy levels in electron orbital shells , , , and , where these designations represent the first electron to occupy the , , and shells. The first electron in each of these shells is an important boundary where new electron orbital shells are created in the atomic structure. The newly created shell is dependent upon the interaction of many electrons in the pre- vious orbital shells that are filled much like the many body problems of gravitational masses. The first electron in each of the , , and shells is therefore hypothesized to represent a prime stability area where a new shell can form within the many-electron atom without significant perturbation to previ- ous shells. With enough computational power the interaction of electrons in any combination of orbital shells can be com- puted through multiple manipulations of a system of Schr¨ o- dinger's equations, but even the present numerical methods for this approach will use rough approximations due to the complexity of several non-linear equations and their solutions. Choudhury and Pitchers (3) have used a configuration- interaction method of computation for many electron atoms where Schr¨ odinger's equation is reduced to a system of lin- ear homogenous equations. They then argue that the energy eigenvalues obtained by truncating this linear set of equations will converge, in the limit, to those of the original system. They show that this approximation holds true for two-electron atoms, but they note that variations start occurring for the three or more electron atom. These approximation methods are di cult enough for two or three electron atoms but for many-electron atoms the approximation methods are uncer- tain and are likely to introduce errors. It is therefore proposed that the final result of the many- electron atom be first evaluated from the standpoint of the Riemann-Zeta function so that a simplifying method of work- ing back to a valid system of Schr¨ odinger's equations can hopefully be obtained. To justify this approach, the atoms for each of the newly filled , , , and shells are ex- amined to show a potential relation between the spacing of the non-trivial zero solutions of the Riemann-Zeta function, where the argument in the Zeta function that produces the zero lies on the critical line of .


Abstract. Research has been carried out on the process of plastic folding of bar stocks with round and barrel-shaped cross-sections. The dependence of the movement of the movable tool on the bending angle has been established. The force parameters of the deformation process and the stress-strain state in the bending workpiece are determined based on the results of finite element modeling of plastic bending.


The A exchange parameter and its temperature dependence were determined for epitaxially grown magnetic thin garnet films. The method is based on the measurement of saturation magnetization, uniaxial anisotropy field, and zero-field stripe domain period. The temperature dependence of domain-wall energy density and domain-wall width was also determined. A correlation was found between domain-wall pinning field and domain-wall parameters, which can be useful for the experimental verification of theories that describe the coercivity on the basis of domain-wall parameters.


Agaricus bisporus glutamine synthetase, a key enzyme in nitrogen metabolism, was purified to apparent homogeneity. The native enzyme appeared to be a GS-II type enzyme. It has a molecular weight of 325 kDa and consists of eight 46-kDa subunits. Its pI was found at 4.9. Optimal activity was found at 30°C. The enzyme had low thermostability. Stability declined rapidly at temperatures above 20°C. The enzyme exhibits a K m for glutamate, ammonium, and ATP of 22 mM, 0.16 mM and 1.25 mM respectively in the biosynthetic reaction, with optimal activity at pH 7. The enzyme is slightly inhibited by 10 mM concentrations of L-alanine, L-histidine, L-tryptophan, anthranilic acid, and 5'-AMP and was strongly inhibited by methionine sulfoximine and phosphinothricine. For the transferase reaction K i -values were 890 μM and 240 μM for methionine sulfoximine and phosphinothricine respectively. For the biosynthetic reaction K i was 17 μM for both methionine sulfoximine and phosphinothricine.


Shone's complex is characterized by multiple left-sided heart anomalies leading to blood flow blockages. Misdiagnoses are common, making treatment decisions challenging. Transthoracic echocardiogram with Doppler can be implemented for the diagnosis. The treatment is based on surgical correction


This case report describes a modified approach for a thoracic paravertebral block by performing a bilateral ultrasound-assisted injection of 12 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine near the thoracic intervertebral foramen, combined with general anesthesia, in a patient who underwent emergent laparotomy for small intestinal volvulus. Two continuous catheter sets were used for a bilateral continuous block with levobupivacaine 0.25% at a rate of 5–8 mL/h. No complications during the execution of the block were recorded. No supplemental opioids were administered and the patient was hemodynamically stable, requiring no pharmacological cardiovascular support during surgery. At the end of the surgical procedure, the patient received a continuous flow of 0.2% levobupivacaine as postoperative analgesia, at a basal flow of 4 mL/h per each side, a bolus of 4 mL, and a lockout time of 60 min was used. The postoperative pain on the Numeric Rating Scale was 2 at rest and it was 4 in motion, without neurological or respiratory sequelae due to block in the first 72 h after surgery.


The largest and most representative gathering of Latin American Protestants in our century has taken place in Quito, Ecuador from August 24 to September 4, 1992. It was a significant missiological milestone, and an evidence that Protestants in Latin America are taking seriously the fact that in the coming century they will play an important role in the evangelization of the World. The event was the Third Latin American Congress of Evangelism (CLADE 111), and it was sponsored by the Latin American Theological Fraternity. Twenty-three years ago the First Congress (CLADE I, Bogota 1969), was sponsored and organized mainly by the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. One of its lasting results was the formation of the Latin American Theological Fraternity, which commemorated its ten years of life organizing a Second Congress (CLADE 11, Lima 1979). The most recent CLADE 111 was a confirmation that a continuity of Evangelical conviction and missionary zeal marked by the three events, but in the second and third the initiatives, the agenda and the search for contextual relevance were definitely Latin American.


This paper considers the question of designing a fully image-based visual servo control for a class of dynamic systems. The work is motivated by the ongoing development of image-based visual servo control of small aerial robotic vehicles. The kinematics and dynamics of a rigid-body dynamical system (such as a vehicle airframe) maneuvering over a flat target plane with observable features are expressed in terms of an unnormalized spherical centroid and an optic flow measurement. The image-plane dynamics with respect to force input are dependent on the height of the camera above the target plane. This dependence is compensated by introducing virtual height dynamics and adaptive estimation in the proposed control. A fully nonlinear adaptive control design is provided that ensures asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system for all feasible initial conditions. The choice of control gains is based on an analysis of the asymptotic dynamics of the system. Results from a realistic simulation are presented that demonstrate the performance of the closed-loop system. To the author's knowledge, this paper documents the first time that an image-based visual servo control has been proposed for a dynamic system using vision measurement for both position and velocity.


In the last decades, damaging micromechanisms in ductile cast irons (DCIs) have been widely investigated, considering both the matrix microstructure and the loading conditions influence. Considering the graphite nodules, they were initially considered as voids embedded and growing in a ductile metal matrix (especially considering ferritic ductile cast irons). Recent experimental results allowed to identify a more complex role played by the graphite nodules, depending on the matrix microstructure. In this work, damaging micromechanisms in a pearlitic DCI were investigated by means of tensile tests performed on notched specimen, mainly focusing the role played by graphite elements and considering the stress triaxiality influence.


A technique for cultivating fleabane as a Chinese-medicinal material for treating cardiovascular disease includes such steps as immersing seeds in the solution of carbendazim, culturing seedling, applying base fertilizer, transplanting, applying top application, preventing and eliminating diseases and pests and picking up flower and flower bud.


Software-Defined Networking technology that separates the control plane and data plane can also be the target of Denial of Service attacks. Denial of Service attacks tries to damage the network architecture by weakening the Software-Defined Networking controller. Intrusion Prevention System as a solution to the prevention of this attack has an application called Snort that can detect every incoming data packet and block the attacking host. However, Snort cannot adapt to the frequency and type of attack. In this research Snort on Intrusion Prevention System was integrated with the Genetic Algorithm so that the duration of the block can adapt to the attack. Intrusion Prevention System utilizing Genetic Algorithm was able to overcome Denial of Service attacks by blocking attack hosts with an average speed of 0.0278 seconds in one execution. Blocking that is done can also adapt to the frequency and type of attack so that the Software-Defined Networking controller can work properly.


Q195 steel wire was annealed at different temperatures and times,and the tensile strength was tested before and after annealing.A predicting model based on BP neural network was constructed.The mapping relationship between tensile strength of Q195 steel wire continuous annealed and initial tensile strength,diameter,holding time,annealing temperature was established.The tensile strength of continuous annealed steel wire is predicted.The results show that the neurl network training error is less than 3.49%.The model is valid,and feasible to predict the tensile strength of Q195steel wire after continuous annealing.


Milled wood lignins (MWL's) were isolated from 42 plant species, the majority of them tropical hardwoods. The phenolic hydroxyl group content of MWL's was determined by selective aminolysis of the aromatic acetoxy groups, and the results were correlated with data of FTIR, 1 H-NMR, and UV spectroscopy. MWL's isolated from tropical heartwoods show a tendency to higher phenolic OH group contents than those isolated from sapwoods. Various techniques are described, which are suitable to enhance resolution and to evaluate quantitatively the acetoxy bands of FTIR spectra.


The relatively large value of θ13 established recently by the Daya Bay reactor experiment opens the possibility to determine the neutrino mass ordering with experiments currently under construction. We investigate synergies between the NOvA long-baseline accelerator experiment with atmospheric neutrino data from the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO). We identify the requirements on energy and direction reconstruction and detector mass for INO necessary for a significant sensitivity. If neutrino energy and direction reconstruction at the level of 10% and 10 can be achieved by INO a determination of the neutrino mass ordering seems possible around 2020. blennow AT mpi-hd.mpg.de schwetz AT mpi-hd.mpg.de


Recently, 'entry/exit' events of objects in the field-of-views of cameras were used to learn the topology of the camera network. The integration of object appearance was also proposed to employ the visual information provided by the imaging sensors. A problem with these methods is the lack of robustness to appearance changes. This paper integrates face recognition in the statistical model to better estimate the correspondence in the time-varying network. The statistical dependence between the entry and exit nodes indicates the connectivity and traffic patterns of the camera network, which are represented by a weighted directed graph and transition time distributions. A nine-camera network with 25 nodes is analyzed both in simulation and in real-life experiments, and compared with the previous approaches.


OBJECTIVES
Adverse effects of waste management represent a public health issue. Mortality meta-analysis in Italian National Priority Contaminated Sites (NPCSs) with industrial waste landfills or illegal dumps is presented.

METHODS
24 NPCSs include industrial waste landfills or illegal dumps. Class 1 (10 NPCSs with industrial waste landfills) and Class 2 (14 NPCSs with illegal dumps) were categorized. Random-effects model meta-analyses of Standardized Mortality Ratios non-adjusted (SMRs) and adjusted for Deprivation (DI-SMRs) computed for each CS (1995-2002) were performed for overall 24 NPCSs and the two classes. The North- Southern gradient was considered.

RESULTS
24 CSs pooled-SMRs are significantly increased in both genders for cancer of liver (men: SMR=1.13; women: SMR=1.18), bladder (men: SMR=1.06; women: SMR=1.11), and for cirrhosis (men: SMR=1.09; women: SMR=1.13). In Class 2 the increase is confirmed in both genders for liver and bladder cancers and for cirrhosis and in men only for lung cancer. Congenital anomalies and adverse perinatal conditions are not increased.

CONCLUSION
The results are consistent with the hypothesis of adverse health effects of non-adequately managed hazardous waste. Causal interpretation is not allowed, but the meta-analytic approach provides more confidence in the findings.


The Quaternary deposits in the studied area comprise sand of fluvial origines, separated by clay deposits of swamp, backswamp, and floodplain. The fluvial channel was characterized by the increase and decrease of axial bodies. Vertically, the character of fine-grained deposits showed the changing in colour and percentage of humic and peat contents. Differences in the amount of clastic supply was caused by the changes in climatological conditions. Climate is an important and independent force in controlling the weathering, erosion, and sediment supply to Quaternary deposits of swampy alluvial basin. A systematic change in the type of fluvial system on the swampy alluvial plain could be the result of the changes in the sediment supply and ratio between coarse-grained bedload and suspended load. It means, the sedimentary processes on the basin can develop under the condition of climatic changes. Key words: Quaternary deposit, fluvial, swamp, climate


Schwannoma of the cervical sympathetic chain is a rare nerve tumor. These lesions typically present as an asymptomatic neck mass and are easily mistaken for a carotid body tumor during the initial work-up. In this report, a rarely seen huge cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma case, who experienced partial Horner´s syndrome postoperatively, is presented. We report a case of schwannoma on the cervical sympathetic chain, which to our knowledge is the largest reported in the current literature.


Conclusion AFI reduces time to detection in novice endoscopists and could be a valuable training tool for trainees to improve their skills in detecting dysplasa in a time efficient manner. Advanced imaging endoscopic techniques may therefore help trainee endoscopists more than experienced endoscopists


Hopelessness and fatigue are common symptoms experienced by breast cancer patients in the post-operative period. Supportive interventions, such as art making or art therapy, are reported to have a positive effect on the symptoms experienced by cancer patients. This semi experimental study aims to evaluate the effect of painting on post-operative hopelessness and fatigue in breast cancer patients. The population of the study consisted of all adult patients who had surgery for breast cancer in a university hospital in Turkey and lived in the city center. The sample of the study consisted of 110 patients, 55 in the experimental group and 55 in the control group. The sample included patients who were selected through the improbable random sampling method. The research was completed between April 2016 and January 2018. Patient Information Form, Piper Fatigue Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used to obtain data. Percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, independent group's t test, paired t test and correlation were used in the analysis of the data. It was observed that the hopelessness and fatigue scores of the patients in the experimental group decreased statistically significantly after the painting study (p=0.001). No statistically significant change was observed in the hopelessness and fatigue scores of the patients in the control group. In this context, it is thought that nurses should know the effect of painting on hopelessness and fatigue and include it in their practices. It may be recommended to conduct new studies in order to evaluate the effects of painting on different patient groups.


In designing remote vision systems for human operators, two different features of the human eye should be considered: (1) the very wide field of view of the eye permits secure and rapid orientation and the avoiding of obstacles; (2) the high central (foveal) acuity of the eye permits fine discrimination. A capable head-mounted display will not limit either of these human eye features more than absolutely necessary. LCDs show promise for reasonable cost and weight, but the small number of pixels available now and in the foreseeable future means a necessary limitation of the field of view or of the central acuity, or of both, if only one LCD is used per eye. The best available compromise using only one LCD is embodied in the LEEP optics, which use a radial compression format to provide a very wide field with minimum loss of resolution at the center. LEEP Systems, Inc. has undertaken two developments. The first simply increases the lateral field of view by twenty-five degrees (the CYBERFACE2). The second adds an optical high-resolution insert. Because the insert is added optically in the head- mount, the smaller the insert, the sharper its detail.


We are engaged in a radio—IR—optical—X-ray study of two flux-limited samples of ROSAT clusters of galaxies south of declination −20° (Pierre et al., 1994a). One sample covers an area of 1750 deg2 in Hydra (Pierre et al., 1994b) and includes some distant (z ≈ 0.3) and X-ray luminous (LX ≈ 1045 ergs−1) clusters. The other sample derives from a volume-limited subset (nominally z ≤ 0.1) of southern X-ray clusters, which are the focus of an ESO Key Program (Guzzo et al., 1995).


Background: This paper is based on ethnobotanical interviews conducted from 1996–2000 in Trinidad and Tobago with thirty male and female respondents.


There is a broad range of applications of visual object tracking that motivate the interests of researchers worldwide. These include video surveillance to know the suspicious activity, sport video analysis to extract highlights, traffic monitoring to analyse traffic flow and human computer interface to assist visually challenged people. In general, the processing framework of object tracking in dynamic scenes includes the following stages: segmentation and modelling of interesting moving object, predicting possible location of candidate object in each frame, localization of object in each frame, generally through a similarity measure in feature space. However, tracking an object in a complex environment is a challenging task. This survey discusses some of the core concepts used in object tracking and present a comprehensive survey of efforts in the past to address this problem. We have also explored wavelet domain and found that it has great potential in object tracking as it provides a rich and robust representation of an object. Povzetek: Podan je pregled metod vizualnega sledenja objektov .


Abstract A comprehensive study was made of pilot-reported occurrences of high level turbulence (more commonly referred to as CAT) over the United States from September 1960 through August 1962. The data consist of 12,126 reports of moderate or severe turbulence above 15,000 ft. The tabulations presented include the distribution of turbulence by months, seasons, altitude, and geographical location, and its association with such meteorological items as: the position with respect to the jet stream, curvature of the jet stream, strength of the isotach center, streamline curvature, troughs, closed or cut-off Lows, and mountain waves. Some additional data are included for levels as high as 70,000 ft.


We have developed a novel application of vortex motion of pure electron plasmas to a new scheme for the evaluation and amendment of misalignments between the magnetic axis and the wall axis. This scheme consists of the observation of circular orbits of electrons confined locally in two axially separated short traps. The analyses of the orbits' radii and the centers of the trajectories lead to precise determination of the extent of misalignments and indicate the direction and amount of displacement to be taken for the improved alignment. We report an example of the procedure which has been successfully applied to the alignment of multi-ringed electron/ion trap to be operated in a strong magnetic field variable up to 2.2 T.


It is proved that a large class of 2-nd order linear partial differential equations of mixed type in n independent variables can be solved by using the theory of positive symmetric systems of 1-st order partial differential equations. Some quasilinear equations of mixed type can be treated in the same way.


The reasons resulting the disappearing of Loulan were generally concluded as two aspects.One is human activities and the other is environments variation.This paper took the Muzarte glacier as a sample,analyzed the dynamics of the glacier during the past three centuries by comparing the current glacier and recordation on previous glacier.The result showed that the length of glacier decreasing with the increasing of snow line.The also were comparing the dynamics of the glacier moraine distribution in Tianshan Mountain and adjacent area at different times.The analysis of glacier moraine presented that there were four times ice age since the quaternary glaciations.Although,the duration and range of the four glacier ages were different,they all influenced the disappearing of Lop Nor-lake;especially the fourth glacier age was closely related to the disappearing of Loulan.Are anterior three glacier ages contributing on the disappearing of Loulan? Further investigations are needed.Based on the above results,the paper concluded that the major reason that lead to the disappearing of Loulan is the glacier retreating and the decrease of melt water runoff.


In order to suppress undesired vibration effectively,the paper proposed an optimal method based on the improved genetic algorithms and D-optimal design principle.This principle can be simplified to determine the probable placement of piezoelectric elements only based on mode shapes of structure.Through the study of modal shapes and dynamic characteristics of structure,a simplified method is employed to convert low order mode shapes selected from all structural modes into normalization.Generally,piezoelectric elements should be placed on the surfaces where modal strain is maximal so as to achieve the best control efficiency.But when piezoelectric elements are patched on the surfaces,the structures have different mode shapes.Therefore,the paper realizes the interface between ANSYS software and genetic algorithms.In this way,ANSYS software can iteratively analyze flexible structure boned piezoelectric elements and provide all mode shapes for the optimization,and genetic algorithms optimize the placement of piezoelectric elements repeatedly until finding the optimal locations.At last,a case shows the efficiency and feasible of the method.


During the winter months, 36 cross breed cattle calves were found to be infected with lice in a dairy in Tirupati. All the calves exhibited alopecia, pruritus and crust formation. Distribution of lesions was noticed over the shoulders, neck and back. Examination of skin scrapings revealed the presence of different stages of lice. All the calves were treated with deltamethrin @ of 2 mL/L of water with the help of sprayer all over the body along with supportive therapy. After 24 h of therapy all the calves were free from lice infestation. After first treatment, second treatment was also carried out to control the re-infestation of the calves which were free from the nymphal stages. After completion of 14 days of therapy, all the calves started regrowth of hair and attained their normal feeding habits. Keywords: Dairy cattle calves, lice, deltamethrin, re-infestation


Diode-pumped semiconductor disk lasers, also referred to as vertical external cavity surface-emitting lasers show excellent beam characteristics in combination with high output powers. In this letter, we present a diode-pumped semiconductor disk laser based on the InAlGaAs material system without any additional phosphorus containing layers for strain compensation. We have achieved a near-infrared /spl lambda//spl sim/972-nm laser output power of 0.25 W in the fundamental transverse mode. The disk laser beam has been coupled into a single-mode fiber with a coupling efficiency of >70%. Moreover, we have shown 490-nm blue-green light generation by intracavity frequency doubling using lithium triborate (LBO).


We related the refractive index change in ion-implanted LiNbO3 crystals to the lattice damage ratio using a quadratic polynomial relationship. We used this relationship to calculate the refractive index profiles of z-cut LiNbO3 crystals implanted with oxygen ions using different energies, fluences, and annealing treatments. A highly damaged surface layer with a decreased refractive index was caused by electronic excitations in LiNbO3 crystals implanted with 4.0 MeV oxygen ions at a fluence of 2×1015 ions/cm2, which buried the optical modes inside the crystals. This relationship was also used for the estimation of the lattice damage in ion-implanted LiNbO3 crystals. It could make a quick estimate which was basically agree with the measured damage level.


In this paper a mode I three-dimensional planar cra ck vertically terminating at a bimaterial interface is theoretically and numerical ly analyzed with the hypersingular integral equation method. In the theoretical analysis, stress singularities and mode I stress intensity factor are derived wi th dominant-part analysis. In the numerical calculations, the unknown displacem ent difference on the crack surfaces in he hypersingular integral equation is ap proximated with a product of the fundamental density function and polynomials. F inally, some numerical examples of rectangular crack problems for stress intensi ty factors are given with different aspects of the crack shape and ratios of mat erial constants. It is shown that present method yields solutions with high accu racies.


Abstract : This Research Memorandum contains the first of three evaluations of the Targeted Enlistment Bonus (TEB) for Nuclear Field recruits. The TEB differs from the standard enlistment bonus by varying the bonus amounts according to the season a recruit begins active duty. FY 1986 Nuclear Field recruits are compared to those of previous fiscal years in terms of the timing of accessions and enlistment contracts, performance on military entrance examinations, and age. Keywords: Contracts, DEP(Delayed Entry Program), EB(Enlistment Bonus), Enlistment bonus program, Incentives, Manpower requirements, Mental ability, Naval personnel, NF(Nuclear Field), PRIDE(Personalized Recruiting for Immediate and Delayed Entry), Ratings, Recruits, Seasonal variations, Tables(Data), TEB(Targeted Enlistment Bonus).


Objective To analyze the cause of existing problems by monitoring the medical records with computer;find the corresponding solution and improve the quality of medical records.Methods The quality of 7 961 medical records was monitored by using computer procedure;analyzed the problems that existed in the medical records.Results Each medical record had various degree problem;the first page defects of medical record were most,accounting for 28.9% and the medical order defects were least,accounting for 4.2%.It reflected that doctor paid less attention to the medical record.Conclusion Strengthening the concept of law and the training of the writing standard of medical record,paying attention to medical record writing,doing well the quality controlling by senior doctors and perfecting the system of quality controlling of medical record is the key to improve the quality of medical records.


With the properties of low density, low elastic modulus, and low mechanical loss, poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is a suitable material as the elastomer in an airborne ultrasonic transducer for generating large vibration velocity. In this study, we design and fabricate a transducer composed of a PPS-based longitudinal vibrator and a PPS-based disk of 0.3 mm thickness to obtain high-intensity ultrasound. The rated sound pressure at a distance of 300 mm reached 38.9 Pa (125 dB, 0 dB re. 0.02 mPa) when the frequency and voltage were 58.90 kHz and 20 V. The weight of this transducer is 6.3 g. The ratio of the sound pressure to the weight of the prototype transducer is 1.8 times larger than that of the commercial transducer. The experimental results indicate that PPS is a good substitute for metal as the elastomer for manufacturing airborne ultrasonic transducers with a high output-to-weight ratio.


A method for producing fatty acid esters, comprising: (a) a fatty acid or fatty acid mixture is maintained in the esterification reaction in esterification conditions esterified with a lower alkanol to form a stream comprising lower alkyl esters or the corresponding esters and acquires the stream; (b) comprises obtaining from the esterification reactor unreacted lower alkanol, water, and comprising one or more lower alkyl esters and / or heavy overhead stream an organic acid component; (c) so obtained the overhead stream in the first distillation column is subjected to distillation conditions in the first distillation operation, a portion of the lower alkanol to flow separation include water, lower alkanol and a heavy residual organic components; (d) comprises obtaining water remainder lower alkanol stream and a heavy organic component; and (e) so that comprises water, a second distillation column stream remaining lower alkanol and heavier organic components running under distillation conditions experienced in the second distillation, providing a lower alkanol and at least most of the overhead stream and a heavy organic component having a reduced water content and a heavy organic alcohol component.


This paper presents the milestones of a senior capstone project in Electrical Engineering at the United State Coast Guard Academy. Three students worked on their senior capstone project for two semesters. Students applied a combination of knowledge they learned in their undergraduate education to construct an autonomous dynamic positioning vessel. This project consists of the construction and networking designs. The construction designs of this vessel are exterior and interior parts. The exterior part of vessel was constructed with a 20 gallon salvage drum, PVC pipe frame, six 750 GPH motor cartridges, and two sensors, in order to control the heading and position of the craft in the water. The interior part of the vessel includes micro-controllers connected to the MD10C Hbridges, to control thruster speed and are also connected to an on board computer. All inside components are attached to a fuse block in order to protect the components. The networking design consists of various programs to handle the data for the vessel and how the various systems communicate with each other. The controller is implemented in MATLAB, data is stored in MySQL, a python script directs the data, and the Arduino micro-controller transfers data to the motors and from the sensors. A controller has been designed that successfully instructed the vessel to stay parallel to the walls of the tank water laboratory test. This controller only uses the heading motors and leaves the positional motors off.


The E. Brentwood Gas Field is located ca. 45 miles east of San Francisco, California. The discovery well was drilled in 1978 by Depco, Inc. and completed in the Upper Cretaceous third massive sand at a depth of 8050 ft. The third massive sand is a progradational sequence of sands with thin shale interbeds, interpreted to have been deposited in a near-shore, open-sea environment. The reservoir sand is truncated dramatically by the Meganos Gorge, a shale-filled fossil channel of Paleocene age. Faunal assemblages indicate that the cutting and filling of the gorge were submarine rather than subaerial. The E. Brentwood Gas Field is controlled primarily by the truncation of the basal part of the third massive sand by the Meganos Gorge shale fill with lateral closure afforded by several normal faults which divide the field into at least 4 separate producing blocks. Nine wells presently are completed in the gas field in which the better wells have over 250 ft of net gas sand. The field has produced 19 billion cu ft of 1080 Btu gas and 50,000 bbl of 46 API gravity condensate since discovery.


When we're building a well-off society and a harmonious society today,the morality building for teachers has integrated into the new connotation of the core values of the socialism.The four core values of socialism are the guide and the important aspect of the morality building for teachers.In order to enhance the morality building for teachers,we must build moral standards for teachers which should be in line with the actual situation in the university,build the management by objectives system for morality building,develop systems to evaluate moral standards of teachers and pay great attention to developing the ability of ethics-building by oneself.


Submitted for the MAR17 Meeting of The American Physical Society Domain walls and ferroelectric reversal in corundum derivatives1 MENG YE, Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, DAVID VANDERBILT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University — Domain walls are the topological defects that mediate polarization reversal in ferroelectrics, and they may exhibit quite different geometric and electronic structures compared to the bulk. Therefore, a detailed atomic-scale understanding of the static and dynamic properties of domain walls is of pressing interest. In this work, we use first-principles methods to study the structures of 180◦ domain walls, both in their relaxed state and along the ferroelectric reversal pathway, in ferroelectrics belonging to the family of corundum derivatives. Our calculations predict their orientation, formation energy, and migration energy, and also identify important couplings between polarization, magnetization, and chirality at the domain walls. Finally, we point out a strong empirical correlation between the height of the domain-wall mediated polarization reversal barrier and the local bonding environment of the mobile A cations as measured by bond valence sums. Our results thus provide both theoretical and empirical guidance to further search for ferroelectric candidates in materials of the corundum derivative family. 1The work is supported by ONR grant N00014-12-1-1035. Meng Ye Institute for Molecular Engineering, Univversity of Chicago Date submitted: 09 Nov 2016 Electronic form version 1.4


Several Spanish and Portuguese fossil localities with exceptionally-preserved Ordovician trilobites are briefly examined herein. The El Fabar Ordovician Tunnel in the Cantabrian Zone includes obrution beds with trilobites in life-position and monospecific groups indicating gregarious habits in juvenile stages of Placoparia. Another horizons show fine preservation of trilobite larvae, eggs (possibly of trilobites) and organic impressions on cephala and pygidia of some illaenids and asaphids. In the Central-Iberian Zone, the Por


A small-scale IoT testbed called IoT PEER (IoT Platform for Engineering Education and Research) was built at Tennessee Tech for both research and education. Currently, this testbed is being used in studying security and smart manufacturing related topics. In this poster we report two Industrial IoT (IIoT) case studies: 1) Machinery Health Monitoring (MHM), and 2) Intrusion Detection in Industrial/Manufacturing Environment. System design and architecture along with preliminary results are provided.


The eye localization is a fundamental step in human-computer interaction and automatic face recognition. In this paper, a new eye detection method for face images is proposed. Firstly, the rough eye positions are found by Gabor transformation and cluster analysis. Secondly, a detection of pupil centers will be continued by applying two neighborhood operators in the rough eye regions. A subset of the color FERET database and the Faces 1999 database are used to evaluate the proposed method. Results of experiments show that our method is robust and efficient.


Abstract Water distilled essential oil of Nepeta betonicifolia C.A. Meyer (Labiatae) from Turkey was analyzed by GC/MS. Forty-two compounds representing 90.7% of the oil were identified. Caryophyllene oxide (39.2%), spathulenol (9.7%), caryophyllenol-II (5.1%), humulene epoxide-II (4.7%) and isocaryophyllene oxide (4.3%) were major constituents of the oil obtained in 0.001% yield.


The proposed work is devoted to the study of the organization and planning of medical service. The study of queues in health care systems allows to determine the criteria for the functioning of the hospital system, the most significant are the average waiting time in the queue for hospitalization and the average length of the waiting queue. The reason for the emergence of a wide variety of queuing systems was the currently existing variants of applications, the features of their service, the formation of queues, the location, the number and organization of service channels. The possibilities of new achievements in medicine are not limited in theory, but in practice there is a shortage of doctors and nurses, lack of medicines, facilities, Finance, etc. in this regard, a lot of urgent problems arise, the solution of which would allow to use the available limited resources with maximum efficiency.


A method of determining the surface flow velocities for arbitrary pointed bodies of revolution in complex supersonic flow, j.e., flow due te constant incidence, constant pitching velocity and constant lateral acceleration, has been derived and a corresponding numerical procedure developed .
The method is based on a solution suggested by M. J. Lighthill for the symmetrical flow case. Good correspondence between results of the present methad with available " exact", and exact linear results for cones has been found for the range 0 to 1 of the similarity parameter sτ. Using the exact isentropic
pressure - velocity relation, expressions for the limiting value of the pressure coefficient derivatives as the independent


Mass and road gradient influence the dynamic and economic performance of electric city bus equipped with AMT. Therefore, the influence of mass and road gradient must be taken into consideration when formulating the gear shifting rule. In this paper, recursive least square method with multiple forgetting factors is proposed to estimate vehicle mass and road gradient online, and a simulation was carried out based on NEDC working condition, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate vehicle mass and road gradient.


Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (M.E.) is a debilitating neurological disease which has been recognised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) since 1969 as a distinct organic neurological disorder. M.E. can occur in both epidemic and sporadic forms, over 60 outbreaks of M.E. have been recorded worldwide since 1934. M.E. is similar in a number of significant ways to illnesses such as multiple sclerosis, Lupus and poliomyelitis (polio). M.E. can be extremely severe and disabling and in some cases the disease is fatal.


Background: Relapse of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC treated with TKI regimens is most often due to TK mutation but also in a significant number of cases due to upregulation of bypass pathways, the most common being the HGF/cMET signaling pathway. Osimertinib, a third generation TKI, is currently approved for T790M-mutated NSCLC but options for treatment following relapse are unsatisfactory. Hence, there is a high medical need for therapies overcoming EGFR-TKI resistance, including inhibition of bypass mechanisms. In this respect, we are investigating combination of HGF/cMET pathway inhibition with EGFR-TKI therapy. MP0250 is a multi-DARPin drug candidate, specifically neutralizing HGF and VEGF, with the potential to block HGF-mediated bypass of EGFR-TKI inhibition in addition to exerting EGFR-independent antitumor activity via dual HGF and VEGF inhibition. We have shown that HGF expression is upregulated in most human tumors including in 4 of 5 NSCLC samples. In contrast, cMET was not highly overexpressed. MP0250 showed single-agent activity in 3 HGF-autocrine NSCLC PDX-models and an additive/synergistic effect in combination with erlotinib in an erlotinib-resistant model. These preclinical data support the reported observation that the HGF/cMET signaling pathway can confer resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy and that sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs can be restored by blocking HGF. Consequently, we have initiated a phase 1b/2 study for MP0250 in combination with osimertinib in the treatment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients. Trial Design: This is a phase Ib/II, single-arm, open-label, multi-center study of MP0250 in combination with osimertinib in patients with EGFR-mutated non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pretreated with osimertinib.The primary objective is to estimate the antitumor efficacy, as measured by Objective Response Rate (ORR) after 8 cycles of treatment with MP0250 i.v. every 3 weeks in combination with osimertinib orally once daily, when administered to patients with EGFR-mutated, advanced, non-squamous NSCLC after tumor progression on osimertinib and on or after the most recent therapy. Secondary and exploratory objectives are to determine safety, tolerability, progression-free survival, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity and biomarkers. An initial dose escalation safety lead-in part, Part A, is intended to establish a safe recommended dose (RD) of MP0250 in combination with osimertinib. The cohort at RD from Part A will be expanded in order to confirm the tolerability and to further estimate the efficacy of MP0250 in combination with osimertinib. A total of 40 patients will be enrolled, 12 in part A and an additional 28 in part B at RD. Further details will be shown in the poster. Citation Format: Joachim Kiemle-Kallee, Ulrike Fiedler, Keith M. Dawson, Jutta Haunschild, Sandra Dietschy, Michael T. Stumpp, Frank Hermann, Andreas Harstrick. MP0250, a VEGF- and HGF-blocking multi-DARPin drug candidate, in combination with tyrosine-kinase-inhibitors targeting EGFR-mutated NSCLC: Preclinical rationale and phase Ib/II study outline [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT149.


Invisibility between points can occur due to dense building location, terrain irregularities, intensive construction, and under polar night conditions. Forest thickets (the distance between the trunks up to 5 m, the closeness of the crowns start at 0,5 m) and undergrowth require cutting and clearing glades; terrain elevations, dense building setting, traffic flows and construction machines complicate the development of geodetic reference networks, the implementation of detailed surveys and construction layout. In the absence of visibility when the sides of the geodetic network make 200–500 m, it is recommended that two or more GPS receivers should work simultaneously under the same weather conditions, which compensates for errors at receiving radio signals, except for multipath and noise. With synchronous operation of the receivers, accurate coordinates and orientations for the upcoming electronic geodetic surveys are at mutually visible neighboring points obtained even without post-processing. Simultaneous GPS measurements enable finding the distance between them and horizontal angles in a closed area over the nearest points of the base and moving antennas in the building network for geodetic planning justification of detailed surveys and construction layout.


THE RESEARCH PRESENTED in this article examines the role that two particular issues played in a nonpartisan race for mayor in 2000 in Fayetteville, Arkansas, featuring two candidates in a highly contested race. In that race, the two candidates' positions were portrayed very differently on the broad issues of environmental protection and economic development, and for the latter part of 2000, the local political landscape was dominated by a controversial city council vote to allow the removal of a large stand of old trees. By election day in November 2000, the seemingly competing goals of economic development and environmental protection embodied in the tree controversy became the centerpiece of the mayoral race. The race in 2000 was nonpartisan; both candidates were registered Democrats, and in a previous mayoral race, the two candidates were separated by only a few hundred votes. The shared partisan affi liations between the candidates, the familiarity of the candidates to the voters, and their parity in the previous mayoral election allow us to isolate the impact of candidates' stances on an issue (namely, the tree ordinance controversy) on the outcome of the election. Despite the fact that roughly three-quarters of all local elections in the United States are nonpartisan (Renner and DeSantis 1993), little is known about the dynamics of vote choice in nonpartisan elections compared with partisan elections. Moreover, very little research in this area has featured direct surveys of voters; most of the existing studies of nonpartisan elections have relied on aggregate voting data (Schaffner, Wright, and Streb 2001, 11). In this study, we employed data collected from exit polls in Fayetteville, Arkansas, on election day 2000, which allowed us to gauge the effect of the tree ordinance controversy on voters' choice for mayor.


In this paper an alternative way of generating C-scan images using Fractal Dimension (FD) of any digitized waveforms as an ultrasonic feature is proposed. The work is carried out on the composite specimen having flaw in the form of inclusion and damage created by the drop weight impact. The technique to estimate FD of a 2D image is modified in this work and a procedure to compute FD of a digitized waveform is evolved. FD is seen to be a representative or a defining parameter of the waveforms received from different regions of the scanned domain for being used in generation of C-scan image. A feature selection procedure based on the ID3 algorithm is also performed on the dataset. It substantiates FD as a potential ultrasonic feature.


Surfactants are widely used for academic and industrial purposes. For this reason, thermodynamic and physical properties of surfactant and cosurfactant mixtures can provide important information about the nature of the molecular interactions present. In this work, volumetric and transport data of surfactant binary mixtures of the ethanol + Igepal series (Igepal CO-520, Igepal CO-630, Igepal CO-720, and Igepal CA-720) were determined experimentally within a range of temperature of T = 293.15–323.15 K, at atmospheric pressure. From these data, the following derivative properties have been calculated: the excess molar volume, viscosity deviation, and coefficient of thermal expansion. All of these mixtures showed that attractive intermolecular forces are dominant.


In the framework of agency theory,this paper examines the influences of the subscription options of the major shareholders in listed companies during the issuance or allotment of shares(SEO) on the malignant capital increase.The results show that whether the major shareholders participate in SEO subscription or not,there does exist the trend of malignant capital increase in the listed companies.However,compared with the total participation of subscription by all the major shareholders,the full or partial waiver of subscription by the major shareholders would increase the trend of escalate in listed companies.Of which,if all the largest shareholder give up subscription,the trend of escalate is the largest,followed by partial waiver of subscription.The above-mentioned findings are helpful to understand the subscription option behavior of the major shareholders,and provide empirical support to supervise and regulate the investment and financing behavior of the listed companies.


Due to the influence of light and suspended particles in water, underwater image has many problems, such as details blur, color distortion and scale diversification, which are always difficult for underwater object detection. To solve the difficulty of low real-time performance and low recognition accuracy caused by low-quality images to traditional object detection algorithms. This paper proposes an improved YOLOv7 method. Its main idea is to use Ghost module to replace the traditional convolution block, and reduce computational complexity of this model through the idea of deep separation convolution. At the same time, SimAM is introduced in the feature fusion network to enhance the feature expression ability of the network. Finally, Mosaic data enhancement and transformer module are used in input part and Head part to comprehensively improve object recognition performance of the model. The results show that compared with the original YOLOv7, the precision of this algorithm is increased by 4.2%, mAP increase by 1.7%, fps is increased by 5.2 frames, and the number of parameters is effectively reduced, which can effectively meet the requirements of marine treasures detection.


This paper presents a method for measuring the complex mode of a vibrating structure using two separate dual reference stepped strobe phase (0, 90 degrees) holograms and a new spatial phase shifting technique during reconstruction. Spatial phase shifting is accomplished by scanning a pencil of a laser conjugate reconstruction beam in four equal steps across the hologram; four shifted phase real images are obtained for each of the two holograms and each set of four images is processed to get the unwrapped phase distribution. The vibration amplitude and phase are then obtained using these two phase distributions. The new spatial phase shifting technique greatly simplifies data acquisition and optical readout since only a single reconstruction beam is used to reconstruct both wavefronts for each hologram. The theory and experimental results are presented.


Four different gene mutations were identified in five unrelated Portuguese patients with pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase type I (P5'N-I) deficient chronic hemolytic anemia. Mutations 502G-->C (168Gly-->Arg), 773T-->C (258Ile-->Thr) and the insertion of an Alu element in exon 9, leading to skipping of this exon in the mRNA transcript, are newly described mutations whereas mutation 425T-->C (142Leu-->Pro) has been previously reported.


In the literature there have been a large number theoretical and empirical studies on unemployment. In this study we use individual level data obtained from Household Labor Force Survey data of 2006 to examine the determinants of incidence of unemployment in Turkey. We use three alternative definitions of unemployment. We employ Heckman's two step approach which tackles the sample selection problem. We find that the likelihood of being unemployed is large for women than that for men when the labor force participation is taken into account. Living in urban areas seems to decrease the probability of being unemployed. Increases in the education level seems to decline the likelihood of being unemployed for males while the reverse is true for females. There is an inverse-U shaped relation between age and the probability of being unemployed. Finally, being head of household decreases the likelihood of being unemployed.


In various embodiments, a circuit arrangement is provided for coupling a first antenna which is adapted to an electromagnetic field of a first frequency band and may have a second antenna which is adapted to couple to an electromagnetic field of a second frequency band, wherein second frequency band of the first frequency band is different, and wherein the first antenna is connected as an electrical feed line for the second antenna with this in series.


EDITOR—I am concerned about Gunatilake's reports of cases in which rapid resolution of intracerebral haemorrhage occurred.1 The author's premise is founded on two erroneous statements Gunatilake stated that "no one has reported resolution of the symptoms and signs of intracerebral haemorrhage within 24 hours, although the possibility has been recognised." The author obviously chose to ignore published data that showed a rapid resolution of neurological deficit after intracerebral haemorrhage.2–4

Gunatilake also stated: "Intracerebral …


As computation costs increase to meet design requirements for computation-intensive graphics applications on today's embedded systems, the pressure to develop high-performance parallel processors on a chip will increase. Acceleration of the ray tracing computation has become a major issue as the computer graphics industry demands for rendering realistic images. Network-on-chip (NoC) techniques that interconnect multiple processing elements with routers are the solution for reducing computation time and power consumption by parallel processing on a chip. It is also essential to meet the scalability and complexity challenges for system-on-chip (SoC). In this article, we describe a parallel ray tracing application mapping on a mesh-based multicore NoC architecture. We describe an optimised ray tracing kernel and parallelisation strategies, varying the workload distribution statically and dynamically. In this work, we present results and timing performance of our parallel ray tracing application on a NoC, which are obtained through our cycle accurate multicore NoC simulator. Using a dynamic scheduling load balancing technique, we achieved a maximum speedup multiplier of 35.97 on an 8 × 8 networked processor array using a NoC as the interconnect.


Abstract A qualitative exploratory single-case design was implemented to enable Vocational Assessment Programme staff at the Hamilton Psychiatric Hospital to increase awareness about the effects/outcomes of participation for a program consumer. An outpatient with the Mood Disorders Clinic at the time of his assessment, John Doe (a pseudonym) independently maintained a reflective journal throughout his participation in the program. This journal was coded for themes by the research team who employed several methods to establish trustworthiness. The findings suggest that consumer success is enabled by a supportive environment that encourages reflection, cues prior learning and isolates meaningful assessment results. While these findings are directly applicable to the operation of the Vocational Assessment Programme at the Hamilton Psychiatric Hospital, they also appear to have some broader consequence for providers of psychiatric services.


Precise prediction of severe diseases resulting in mortality is one of the main issues in medical fields. Even if pathological and radiological measurements provide competitive precision, they usually require large costs of time and expense to obtain and analyze the data for prediction. Recently, end-to-end approaches based on deep neural networks have been proposed, however, they still suffer from the low classification performance and difficulties of interpretation. In this study, we propose a novel disease prediction method, EHAN (EHR History-based prediction using Attention Network), based on the recurrent neural network (RNN) and attention mechanism. The proposed method incorporates (1) a bidirectional gated recurrent units (GRU) for automated sequential modeling, (2) attention mechanism for improving long-term dependence modeling, (3) RNN-based gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) to visualize the class specific attention-weights. We conducted the experiments to predict the occurrence of risky disease containing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases from more than 40,000 hypertension patients' electronic health records (EHR). The results showed that the proposed method outperformed the state-of-the-art model with respect to the various performance metrics. Furthermore, we confirmed that the proposed visualizing methods can be used to assist data-driven discovery.


Development of chronic diffuse liver diseases occurs through the progression of fibrosis stages with the final formation of cirrhosis and liver cancer. The "gold standard" for detecting the fibrosis process is a liver biopsy followed by a histological examination of the received material, but it has its drawbacks and contraindications. Recently elastometry is becoming increasingly widespread as it reflects the rigidity of the liver, which is increasing in fibrosis. However, at the moment there is no standard protocol for performing ARFI-elastometry of the liver, which should take into account the choice of topography, the depth of installation of the polling zone, the number of measurements of the shear wave. Objectives of the study: standardization of the procedure for performing ARFI-elastometry of the liver for further evaluation of the fibrosis stages; detection of the most sensitive echographic changes in the liver at various stages of fibrosis. Based on healthy volunteers examinations, a standardized protocol for patients with diffuse liver changes was developed. While using shear wave elastography, it was noted that detected number of echographic symptoms corresponds to the elastometry stage of fibrosis not in all cases. During the study, it was determined that in the F1 and F2 stages of fibrosis, 1 to 4 echographic symptoms occurred in patients; in F3 and F4 fibrosis stages — from 3 to 11 echographic symptoms accordingly. It is noted that with an increase in the fibrosis stage, the number of echographic symptoms is basically increases, too. A special group of patients without obvious echographic symp- toms, but with verified F2-F4 fibrosis stages was selected using elastometry. In this group, echographic symptoms were not detected in 42% of cases with verified F2-F4 fibrosis. In 10% of cases with F3 and F4 fibrosis stages there were only 1–2 echographic symptoms. Thus, the detection of at least a single echographic symptom in the patient should be the warning sign of possible presence of fibrosis or cirrhosis.


Effective bio-recognition element immobilization on the surface of the transducer is significantly important for fabricating an immunosensor. Pithophora. Oedogonia, a green algae, has been employed as the reducing agent in this study to accomplish the biosynthesis of Au nanoparticles. The whole procedure of synthesis occurred rapidly where Au nanoparticles were produced within 1 h after the reaction between Au salt and algal extract. Subsequently, electrochemical impedance myoglobin immunosensor was constructed using the obtained AuNPs. A wide detection range can be achieved from 0.02 to 1μM either in phosphate buffered saline or the whole serum, Furthermore, the asfabricated immunosensors is potential to be utilised for the detection of myoglobin.


TiC particles with various morphologies from octahedron to cube were synthesized and investigated by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) in three-dimensional space. The morphological evolution of TiC grain and its growth mechanism were also discussed. TiC particles prefer an octahedral morphology (equilibrium shape) enclosed by eight {111} facets with minimized total surface free energy in Al–Ti–C alloy, while they tend to form a cube enclosed by six {100} facets under the influence of Ni in Al–Ni–Ti–C alloy. Due to the strong interaction between Ni–3d and C–2p orbitals, Ni atoms in the melt selectively absorb on {100} faces of the growing TiC crystal rather than on the polar {111} faces and reduce the specific surface energy of {100}. According to Wuff's theorem, the growth rate of {100} is lowered correspondingly, while the relative growth rate of {111} is accelerated. Thus, the higher growth rate along direction will lead to the shrinkage of {111} faces gradually, while six {100} faces are reserved to form a TiC cube because of their lower growth rates. Furthermore, a similar morphology evolution to TiC crystals can also be found in Fe- and Co-containing melts. It is revealed that the crystal growth of TiC follows the same model under the effect of group VIII elements (Fe, Co and Ni).


Abstract Composting olive oil pomace could solve the problem of disposal, by recycling this organic waste for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, application of composted organic waste could be a way to sustain both soil fertility and production, especially in organic farming. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the phytotoxicity and the effects of application of olive pomace composts on emmer performance and soil properties. Two types of olive pomace composts, with a different initial C/N ratio, were stopped at the active phase and processed until maturation. The obtained four olive pomace composts were compared with a commercial fertilizer in a two-year field experiment. Before the field trial, a bioassay was performed to assess phytotoxicity both for the raw pomace and the not-stabilized composts. Growing and yielding data for emmer were determined during the two-year period and soil characteristics were measured at the start and at the end of the experiment. The composts were not phytotoxic (germination index was higher than 90%) and their total organic carbon content was always higher than the minimum values established by the Italian fertilizers legislation. The emmer protein content was significantly higher in the matured compost treatment with low C/N, than in the other compost treatments. Its value was comparable with that of the commercial fertilizer, suggesting a good performance on crop yield quality. Although not significant, this compost showed an increase of 9.8% in grain yield compared with commercial fertilizer treatment. On the whole, it can be suggested that repeated compost application might preserve the soil organic carbon content and supply macronutrients to a crop.


About two years ago the possible uses of antibiotics in food preservation were reviewed ( 3). Although not necessarily complete, that review cited some 34 references which dealt specifically with some aspect of food preservation. An annotated bibliography2, Antibiotics in the Preservation of Foods, ( 1) covering 104 references has recently been prepared as a service to interested scientists. This rapid growth of the literature attests the great interest which is developing in the subject. Since these reviews have been provided, it is not intended now to enter into a detailed discussion of experimental results. Rather, an attempt will be made to appraise the practical possibilities of antibiotics in food preservation and the implications of such use from the standpoint of food sanitation.


Recent reports have indicated that resistance exercise training performed absent an aerobic exercise program may increase arterial stiffness. Our purpose was to compare the augmentation index (AIx) and left ventricular wasted pressure energy (LVEW) as markers of arterial stiffness and ventricular‐vascular coupling efficiency in young aerobic (AT) and resistance (RT) trained athletes. We also investigated the relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and AIx to determine if sympathetic outflow could explain any observed differences in arterial stiffness.


The ``exotic'' particle model with non-commuting position coordinates, associated with the two-parameter central extension of the planar Galilei group, can be used to derive the ground states of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect. The relation to other NC models is discussed. Anomalous coupling is presented. Similar equations arise for a semiclassical Bloch electron, used to explain the anomalous/spin/optical Hall effects.


INTRODUCTION - Perforation peritonitis is the most common surgical emergency in India. The spectrum of etiology of perforation in tropical
countries continues to be different from its western counterpart. In contrast to western literature, where lower gastrointestinal tract perforations
predominate, upper gastrointestinal tract perforations constitute the majority of cases in India and the Indian subcontinent. Despite advances in
surgical techniques, antimicrobial therapy and intensive care support, management of peritonitis continues to be highly demanding, difcult and
complex.
METHODS - Patients with APACHE II score between10-19 were selected for this study and blindly randomized into two procedure i.e., primary
closure and resection-anastomosis. The patients in study group were subjected to detailed history, complete general physical examination and
selection of patients into groups by acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) scoring. Post-operative outcome was assessed by
number of days after which patient pass atus and stool, number of days of post-operative antibiotics requirement, duration of hospital stay, postoperative complications and mortality/morbidity.
RESULTS - In the present study male preponderance was found with male to female ratio of 5.4:1. Widal test positivity in our study was 95.56%.
About 68.88% of patient presented within 48 hours of perforation and had favorable outcome from those who presented late. In our study different
operative procedures – simple closure of perforation and resection- anastomosis were performed alternatively with 45 patients in each group.
Wound infection was the most common post-operative complication - 13.33% (n=6) in Group I and 28.89% (n=13) in Group II (P=0.071). Most
common systemic complication encountered was pleural effusion (23.33%; n=21). In primary repair group, it was seen in 8 cases (17.8%) and in
resection-anastomosis group, it was seen in 13 cases (28.9%). Other systemic complications observed were pneumonia, sepsis and renal failure.
Mean length of hospital stay in primary repair group was days and in resection-anastomosis group was days.
CONCLUSION - Primary closure of perforation was advocated in patients with single, small perforation (<1cm) with APACHE II score 10-19
irrespective of duration of perforation. Resection-anastomosis is advocated in multiple perforations, diseased segment of bowel. The two
procedures were found to be similar in terms of morbidity and mortality. The nal decision can be made based on surgeon's discretion.


This study examined the perception of organizational environment among the students, faculty and administrative staff of the Electrical Mechanical Engineering Degree of the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Mexico. This examination was conducted through a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study. Among the students, the highest means were documented in the identity and interpersonal relationship dimensions of an organizational environment questionnaire. ANOVA results revealed that the participant gender, age and civil state influenced the participants' answers across the organizational environment questionnaire dimensions. Correlational analyses also revealed a relationship between socio-demographic variables and the organizational environment questionnaire dimensions. Among the faculty members, the ANOVA results showed that meritorial compensations, segniority and work stress played a major role in the organizational environment questionnaire results. Moreover, the correlational analyses showed a significant relationship between education and meritorial compensation. Finally, among the administrative staff, the highest mean showed in the identity dimension of the organizational environment questionnaire. Among these participants, no significant correlations between sociodemographic variables and the organizational environment questionnaire dimensions were observed.


Radiation-hard photodiode structures implemented in medical applications are designed in 180-nm CMOS technology. Designed photodiodes were tested against total ionizing doses (TIDs) of 100, 200, and 400 Gy(Si), respectively, and they show high stability in terms of dark current characteristics. After TID of 400 Gy(Si), the dark current increased by up to 15%, compared to the unirradiated characteristics values. TCAD electrical simulations were performed and calibrated with the dark current measurements in order to explain the impact of generated defects due to ionizing radiation. Parameters that are used to model TID radiation have been varied in physical boundaries in order to achieve the desired fitting with the measurements. It is shown that due to the filling of acceptor interface traps with electrons, the space charge region extends, but the extension is limited and partially compensated by the fixed positive charges in the silicon nitride layer. The presented photodiodes result in the improved radiation hardness over the design in 350-nm CMOS technology.


This paper discuss the rebirth of trust studies in recent years, especially in the field of political attitudes and opinions. The case study presented try to explore the relationship between electoral behaviour and political orientations, regarding the people's views about the role of state, market and 'third sector' and application of law or social self-regulation. We found prevailing statists and liberal orientations, but also a 'concealed' group of Portuguese voters.


The Bronsted acid ionic liquid N-methyl-pyrrolidoniumtetrafluoroborate ([Hnmp]BF4) was utilized as the extractant and catalyst for extraction/oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of model oil and diesel fuel in the presence of H2O2 by a combination of both chemical oxidation and solvent extraction. A coordination compound was generated between hydrogen peroxide and the cation of the ionic liquid, and the hydrogen peroxide on the coordination compound decomposed to produce hydroxyl radicals. The sulfur-containing compounds in model oil or diesel fuel were extracted into the ionic liquid phase and oxidized to their corresponding sulfones by the hydroxyl radicals. The room temperature ionic liquid [Hnmp]BF4 can be recycled 7 times without a significant decrease in desulfurization.


In this interview, Dr. Mary Grantham O'Brien, from the University of Calgary, discusses the notion of comprehensibility as a dynamic—rather than static—dimension of L2 speech.


Heteroatom (nitrogen and sulfur)-doped carbons were synthesized via the pyrolysis of composites composed of iron chloride, cobalt chloride and five different amino acids (alanine, cysteine, glycine, niacine and valine), and their electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) compared with each other for fuel cell applications. In all of the prepared catalysts, carbon was doped by nitrogen, and, in particular, a catalyst synthesized from cysteine was dual-doped with nitrogen and sulfur. Among all the catalysts, the dual-doped carbon showed the highest onset potential (0.55 V, vs. Ag/AgCl) and electrochemical activity in acidic media, − 0.2 mA (at 0.2 V, vs. Ag/AgCl), which is about 43% of that of commercial Pt/C (40 wt%). XPS revealed that sulfur was doped in the carbon as sulfate or sulfonate, and it is surmised that not only nitrogen doping but also sulfur doping of carbon plays a key role in improving its electrocatalytic activity towards ORR.


A novel spectrofluorimetric method based on the quenching of 2-amine-6-chloropurine fluorescence with nitrite was developed for the determination of nitrite.The fluorescence quenching was due to the formation of a new product,2-hydroxyl-6-chloropurine which was resulted from the reaction of nitrite with the amino group of 2-amine-6-chloropurine in H2SO4 solution heated in a boiling water bath.The linear range of the calibration curve for nitrite was 1.00×10-7-1.30×10-5 mol/L with a detection limit of 7.54×10-8 mol/L.The proposed method has been applied to determine nitrite in tap water samples with a recovery range of 102%-110%.


The alkali metal (Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) bis-dithiocarbamate (bis-dtc) salts of N,N′-dibenzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine have been prepared from the reaction of N,N′-dibenzyl-1,2-ethylenediamine with carbon disulfide in the presence of two equivalents of the corresponding alkali metal hydroxide. Additionally, the analogous triethylammonium derivative has been obtained. The resulting compounds have been analyzed as far as possible by elemental analysis, FAB+ mass spectrometry, IR, UV-Vis and NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, showing that the composition of the metal salts can be described by the general formula [{[(H2O)xM-µ-(H2O)yM(H2O)x][bis-dtc]}n] (1, M = Na+, x = 3, y = 2; 2, M = K+, x = 1, y = 2; 3, M = Rb+, x = 0, y = 1; 4, M = Cs+, x = 0, y = 1; 5, M = Et3HN+, x = 0, y = 0). The solid-state and solution studies showed that all alkali metal ions participate in the formation of M–O and cation-π(arene) interactions, while M–S interactions are only observed for the larger alkali metals K+, Rb+ and Cs+. As expected, within the alkali metal group there is a clear tendency for a decreasing number of M–O bonds in favor of M–S and cation–π(arene) interactions, however, only K+ forms a semi-sandwich type complex with η6-coordination.


In this report results of work on establishment of a data base of regional seismic recordings from earthquakes, chemical explosions and nuclear explosions in the former Soviet Union are described. This work was carried out in the Complex Seismological Expedition (CSE) of the Joint Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The recording system, methods of investigations and primary data processing are described in detail. The largest number of digital records was received by the permanent seismic station Talgar, situated in the northern Tien Shan, 20 km to the east of Almaty city. More than half of the records are seismograms of underground nuclear explosions and chemical explosions. The nuclear explosions were recorded mainly from the Semipalatinsk test site. In addition, records of the explosions from the Chinese test site Lop Nor and industrial nuclear explosions from the West Siberia region were obtained. Four records of strong chemical explosions were picked out (two of them have been produced at the Semipalatinsk test site and two -- in Uzbekistan). We also obtained 16 records of crustal earthquakes, mainly from the Altai region, close to the Semipalatinsk test site, and also from the West China region, close to the Lop Nor test site. In addition, a small number of records of earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions, received by arrays of temporary stations, that have been working in the southern Kazakhstan region are included in this report. Parameters of the digital seismograms and file structure are described. Possible directions of future work on the digitizing of unique data archive are discussed.


This article quantifies the partial effect of different coffee leaf rust infestation levels on the intensity of coffee replacement area. The analysis is made for the agricultural cycle 2012-13 by employing the 2012-13 Coffee Production Survey of the Ministry of Agriculture of Nicaragua. By means of econometric estimates, farmers coffee renewal decisions are described as a function of coffee leaf rust infestation. The results are further contrasted to the developments of coffee grown area since 2012. A significant and positive relationship is found between different levels of coffee infested area and farmers coffee replacement expectations. The results help to improve the understanding of i) the demand for re-investments, ii) farmer's entrepreneurial behavior and iii) re-investments constraints after low probability of occurrence agricultural shocks.


Abstract : The excitation decay of the long wavelength portion of the inhomogeneously broadened O,O band of the transition due to triplet-triplet energy transfer in 1-bromo-4-chloronaphthalene (orientationally disordered solid) at 4.2 K is analyzed in terms of one-dimensional exchange and 3-dimensional dipole-dpole mechanisms. The fit to a dipole-dipole mechanism is observed at long decay times and very long excitation wavelength (i.e., very low acceptor concentrations). As the excitation wavelength decreases (i.e., as the acceptor concentration increases), the one-dimensional exchange mechanism, which describes only the early portion of the decay at the longest wavelength, begins to dominate in describing the full decay range.


Judicial decision making in Japan has become a topic of considerable interest for at least the cadre of comparative lawyers whose primary concern is constitutional law. Such interest is to be applauded. Comparisons with Japan are always beneficial, in that they require a departure from the prevailing focus on the United States and Western Europe. Broadening the scope of comparison to include Japan, the premier non-Western industrial democracy for over a century, avoids at least some of the significant pitfalls of Eurocentric analyses that too often tend to mislead as much as to edify. The inclusion of Japan in comparative legal analyses forces explicit recognition of assumptions and premises related to legal systems that are frequently left unstated and merely, mistakenly, assumed as universally valid. Japan's inclusion thus leads to a more complete and arguably more accurate appraisal of factors and issues that should be included but might otherwise be ignored. Many, if not most, accounts of decision making by courts in Japan— especially in cases involving constitutional questions—describe the outcomes as "conservative" and so label the judiciary. The most frequently noted support for such conclusions is the relative dearth of cases in which the Japanese courts have held legislative and other state actions to be unconstitutional. Rarely if ever do critics engage in any indepth comparative analysis of constitutional cases and their context in other industrial democracies. The relative paucity of decisions invalidating legislation and other state actions as unconstitutional has been the principa,l if not exclusive, point of departure in attempts to explain the now apparent "conservatism" or, indeed, the proclivity of judges, particularly the fifteen Justices who occupy the bench of the Supreme


The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, it is imperative to vaccinate most people, including children, to achieve herd immunity against the pandemic. Since parents are the ones who ultimately decide whether to vaccinate their children, this viewpoint was conducted to determine parents' acceptance and reluctance to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. This viewpoint aims to identify the predictors and ethical considerations of childhood vaccination. Several predictive factors contribute to the decision to accept or refuse the COVID-19 vaccine for children. Predictor factors that influence the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in children are citizen trust in government, conspiratorial beliefs, intention of parents, psychological reactance, and magical beliefs. Ethical considerations must also be considered, because this is very important. Ethical considerations that may be a dilemma for vaccine acceptance such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.


With the step-by-step promotion of 'The Belt and Road' initiative, financial cooperation plays a key role in the relationship of countries along the route. This paper analyzes the financial cooperation in 'The Belt and Road' initiative based on the overview of current situation of financial cooperation. In the end of the paper, it puts forward the countermeasure proposal on strengthening the international financial cooperation.


Zinc sulfide (ZnS) microspheres are prepared by hydrothermal process at 180 degrees C. The investigation on the morphology, structure and crystallinity of the products in the growing process are carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that the product with the average diameter of 2 mu m is microsphere and the structure is uniform. The photocatalytic properties of ZnS microspheres are investigated via methylene blue (MB) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation, about 90% of MB is decomposed after 140 minutes when the amount of ZnS microspheres is 2.5 g/L. The stability of ZnS microspheres is discussed at last. The results indicate that there is no observable change in the recycled performance of ZnS microspheres even after eight recycles.


The emergence and growth of research on issues of ethics in Artificial Intelligence, and in particular algorithmic fairness, has roots in an essential observation that structural inequalities in our society are reflected in the data used to train predictive models and in the design of objective functions. While research aiming to mitigate these issues is inherently interdisciplinary, the design of unbiased algorithms and fair socio-technical systems are key desired outcomes which depend on practitioners from the fields of data science and computing. However, these computing fields broadly also suffer from the same under-representation issues that are found in the datasets we analyze. This disconnect affects the design of both the desired outcomes and metrics by which we measure success. If the ethical AI research community accepts this, we tacitly endorse the status quo and contradict the goals of non-discrimination and equity which work on algorithmic fairness, accountability, and transparency seeks to address. Therefore, we advocate in this work for diversifying computing as a core priority of the field and our efforts to achieve ethical AI practices. We draw connections between the lack of diversity within academic and professional computing fields and the type and breadth of the biases encountered in datasets, machine learning models, problem formulations, and the interpretation of results. Examining the current fairness/ethics in AI literature, we highlight cases where this lack of diverse perspectives has been foundational to the inequity in the treatments of underrepresented and protected group data. We also look to other professional communities, such as in the law and health domains, where disparities have been reduced both in the educational diversity of trainees and among their professional practices. We use these lessons to develop a set of key recommendations that provide concrete steps for the computing community to increased diversity: 1) building collaborations with minority serving institutions, 2) prioritizing research collaboration between the ethics in AI community and underrepresented/interdisciplinary groups, and 3) providing enhanced mentorship to trainees at research conferences.


To promote applications of flow networks, more fundamental studies are desirable to disclose flip-flop flow mechanism. An experimental study was performed to investigate X-shaped intersecting flows in multiple diamond-shaped islands. The velocity variations in their flow fields were measured using two-dimensional PIV and LDV It is found that the differences in the flow patterns depend on row numbers of diamond-shaped islands, the Reynolds number and the existence of the turbulence mesh. This study also clarified the characteristics of oscillations in the ffip-flop flow phenomena.


The role of livestock within a farming system must be considered not only in terms of how people perceive and interact with their animals, but also how relationships between members of the society affect the activities which livestock perform. This paper looks at the role of donkeys in rural Ethiopia, with particular emphasis on how utilisation, management and attitudes differ between men and women. Three case studies are presented, based on discussions which were held with male and female farmers in different areas of the country the west (Eastern Harerge), the north (Central Tigray) and central (Eastern Shewa). Information was obtained concerning social, economic and cultural factors which influence the use of donkeys in farming systems. The study confirms that in terms of attitude, donkeys are closely associated with poverty, and in all areas there is social stigma attached to using donkeys for certain activities. At the same time, however, the respondents commented that in at least two of the three areas, the attitudes towards donkeys are changing, and they are actually increasing in 'social value'. It appears that despite certain limitations due to attitudes and technologies available for donkeys, women have shown that they can especially benefit from using donkeys, both for domestic and income generating activities. The paper concludes by discussing the potential of increased access to donkey ownership as an effective entry point for assisting women, and the need for further investigation and a better understanding.


H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), supported by a measurement of the degree of hydration using X-ray diffraction, has been used to fully characterise the nano-scale porosity and composition of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H), the active component of cement. The resultant "solid" density and composition are 3 g/cm 68 . 2 = ρ ; (Ca)1.53. (Si0.96,Al0.04)O3.51.(H2O)1.92 for an underwater cured, never-dried cement paste with an initial mix water-to-cement ratio of 0.4 after 28 days of hydration. In addition, the first pore-type resolved desorption isotherm of cement that shows the location of water as a function of relative humidity has been measured. Critical to our results is verification of the assignment of the different NMR spin-spin relaxation time components. These have been corroborated with conventional analyses. The new methodology is key to enabling design of cement pastes with lower environmental impact.


There are multiple binding domains on the promoter region of the peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (γ) coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) gene, including a trio of insulin responsive elements that are activated by the Fo


Bored concrete piles have been used widely on commercial developments in London for about the last 50 years. The life of a commercial building is between 25 – 30 years and, as each building is demolished and rebuilt, the piles from the previous buildings remain in the ground causing obstructions to the new foundations. This paper describes a preliminary study to explore the viability of sheet piled foundations as a genuine alternative to cast in situ concrete piles and all of the complications inherent in their construction and the obstruction they create to subsequent foundations. If it is possible to use steel piles as foundations they can be easily removed, recycled and will not cause obstructions for future developments. However, individual sheet piles have relatively low capacity when axially loaded and it is therefore necessary to consider a sheet pile group in conjunction with a pilecap, which can be considered a hybrid foundation; a combination of shallow (pilecap) and deep (sheet pile). A short series of centrifuge tests is reported in which model sheet pile groups in over-consolidated clay were loaded axially whilst vertical displacements were measured. Equivalent cast in place piles were similarly tested alongside the sheet pile groups by way of comparison.