It was solved the actual problem of improving the accuracy of computer prediction of the malefactor's behavior under the conditions of counteracting destructive propaganda, which allowed, taking into account the psycholinguistic study of the propagandist's behavior, to take into account the peculiarities of the reverse psychological influence on him in order of building the most effective strategy for countering information propaganda. At the same time, the profiling approach has been improved to adapt it to the possibility of predicting the propagandist's behavior in order to increase the efficiency of further use of a specialized quantum-semantic psycholinguistic analysis method. The method of predicting human behavior in social networks has been improved on the basis of the quantum-semantic psycholinguistic analysis method for the English-language text of propaganda discourse to take into account the peculiarities of information warfare in predicting. It was improved the forecasting accuracy for more efficient distribution of probabilistic estimates of the forecast in order to identify the most probable options for further malefactor's actions. To prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed method, an evaluation of its functioning was conducted. The operation of some key modules of the advanced method was investigated experimentally. It was revealed an increase in the average accuracy of the malefactor's actions prediction by 1% before the beginning of counteraction to the information and psychological influence and by 4% after the beginning of counteraction. It is expected to increase the percentage of efficiency in the application of the method in the process of counteracting destructive propaganda in the real conditions of the reverse psychological influence. The results of the study can be used by the subjects of combating destructive information and psychological influence in the further adjusting general strategy of counteraction to information propaganda in order to protect citizens from destructive information influence.


This study investigated the potential of ex-post fare policy evaluation utilising smartcard data. It looked into how to identify and measure the actual outcomes of a policy, define the degree of its success, and even find some unexpected side-effects of high importance. The study is based on a case of the public transport fare policy introduced by the regional administration of Stockholm County in January, 2017. The policy focused on changing the fare structure basis, in particular switching from a zonal to a flat-fare scheme. The goal of the study is to determine how the policy affected the traveling behavior of different public transport user groups and what equity implications it brought. Altogether, these insights could be transformed into lessons for designing a more advanced evaluation approach and future policy-making.


Although coronary endothelial vasomotor dysfunction predicts future coronary events, there are few human studies showing the relationship between endothelial vasomotor dysfunction and atheroma plaque progression in the same coronary artery.

 This study examined whether endothelial vasomotor dysfunction is related with atheroma plaque progression in the infarct-related coronary artery of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) survivors using serial assessment of coronary plaque size with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine (ACh).

 This study included 50 patients with a first acute STEMI due to occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and successful reperfusion therapy with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). IVUS and vasomotor response to ACh in the LAD were measured within 2 weeks after AMI (1st test) and repeated 6 months (2nd test) after AMI under optimal anti-atherosclerotic therapies. The impairment of vasomotor response to ACh was defined as <10% of the responses to ACh in 25 control subjects.

 Percent atheroma volume (PAV) and total atheroma volume (TAV) in the LAD progressed over 6 months of follow-up in 18 and 14 patients, respectively. Epicardial coronary artery dilation and coronary blood flow increase in response to ACh were persistently impaired at both the 1st and 2nd tests in 18 and 19 patients. In logistic regression analysis, the progression of PAV and TAV was significantly associated with patients with the persistent impairment of epicardial coronary diameter and blood flow response to ACh (PAV, OR, 6.2 [95% CI, 1.4–28], P=0.02 and 4.3 [1.2–16], P=0.03, respectively. TAV, 6.0 [1.4–26], P=0.02 and 5.5 [1.4–21], P=0.01, respectively). The progression of PAV and TAV had no significant association with the coronary vasomotor responses to ACh at the 1st test, traditional risk factors, PCI-related variables, medications, and the coronary vasomotor responses to sodium nitroprusside, an endothelium-independent vasodilator.

 Persistent impairment of endothelial vasomotor function in the conduit arterial segment and the resistance arteriole was related to atheromatous plaque progression in the infarct-related coronary arteries of STEMI survivors despite optimized anti-atherosclerotic therapies.

 None


(Reprinted from Transl Psychiatry. 2019 Apr 3; 9(1):127. Open access; is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).


lthough current is a fundamental quantity A in electronic circuitry and accurate knowledge of it is valuable, it is a quantity that has always been rather inconvenient to measure and in at least one important case quite difficult. This is the case of alternating currents in circuits elevated from ground. Here, to use a current meter involves at best the trouble of opening the circuit, while the meter, when connected, will usually not indicate such oftenneeded information as the current's peak value. At the same time to measure the current waveform in such circuits with an oscilloscope has required the combination of a suitable circuit resistance to connect across and an oscilloscope with a differential input of adequate range, a combination often not available. These problems are overcome and in addiI tion the general problem of measuring alternating currents is made much more convenient by a new oscilloscope probe which permits both viewing and measuring alternating currents merely by clipping the probe around the current conductor. The probe operates with the -hpModel 150A Oscilloscope and a new plugin amplifier to measure and display currents over an amplitude range from 1 milliampere to 15 amperes peak-to-peak and over a frequency range from below 500 cps to 8 megacycles. In the case of sinusoidal currents, waveforms down to about 50 cps can be displayed. Electrically, the probe consists of a widerange current transformer with a split core which is mechanically opened and closed by flanges on the probe body in the manner proved popular in other -hpprobes. When the probe


A common approach to obtain channel state information for massive MIMO networks is to use the same orthogonal training sequences in each cell. We call this the full-pilot reuse (FPR) scheme. In this paper, we study an alternative approach where each cell uses different sets of orthogonal pilot (DOP) sequences. Considering uplink communications with matched filter (MF) receivers, we first derive the SINR in the large system regime where the number of antennas at the base station, the number of users in each cell, and training duration grow large with fixed ratios. For tractability in the analysis, the orthogonal pilots are drawn from Haar distributed random unitary matrices. The resulting expression is simple and easy to compute. As shown by the numerical simulations, the asymptotic SINR approximates the finite-size systems accurately. Secondly, we derive the user capacity of the DOP scheme under a simple power control and show that it is generally better than that of the FPR scheme.


This paper describes a generalization of the 'frozen core' approximation in which several configurations are employed, each containing a fixed core function chosen where possible from physical considerations. This multiconfiguration frozen core (mcfc) procedure is applied to the ground 1s states of he and h- and to the singly excited 1s, 3s, 1p, 3p, 1d and 3d states of he (up to principal quantum number n=7), two of the core functions being chosen so as to take account of the dipole and quadrupole components of the long-range correlation. Eigenenergies of high accuracy are obtained using at the most five core functions: expectation values of several operators are also calculated. The success of a special case of the mcfc method, the generalized polarized orbital approximation, confirms in a striking way that short-range correlation is of little importance in all except the 1s series. It is concluded that for many purposes the mcfc method may possess some distinct advantages when compared with other configuration interaction procedures.


My premier aim with this essay is to found out what Karlskoga municipality does to integrate immigrant children in to preschool. Witch goals and guiding principle are there? To find out the answer is there a research summary that matters for the subject, and interviews has been done at four preschools in Karlskoga. Three of the preschools have a lot of experience of this subject and one preschool has not so experience much of immigrant children in their daily activity. One question is witch goals and guiding principle there is in curriculum for preschool when it concerns immigrate children in preschool. The last question is how contacts between immigrate families and preschool works out.From the research summary, interviews and analysis that is in the essay emerge that there not is guiding principle how to integrate immigrate children to preschools in Karlskoga. It's different from preschool to preschool. It doesn't say much in curriculum, Karlskoga municipality goals and guiding principle or in preschools own goals when it comes to how to integrate immigrant children to preschool.


Some kidney donors experience testicular pain after donation. We studied the presence of testicular pain in male donors from The Renal and Lung Donor Evaluation (RELIVE) Study which investigated short- and long-term outcomes of 8922 kidney donors. Of the 2551 male donors with available testicular status data included in the analysis, 54 (2.12%) developed testicular pain 19 days (IQR 7, 40) after donation: 34 had testicular pain only, 6 had epididymitis, and 14 had both. Donors developing pain were 4 years older and pain occurred more often in those undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy; 3.6% vs. 1.1% for open nephrectomy. Non-Hispanic White ethnicity and undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy were associated with increased risk of testicular pain; RR 5.56 (95% CI 1.35, 22.84), p=0.02, RR 3.11 (95% CI 1.71, 5.65), p<0.001, respectively. Laterality of nephrectomy, however, was not associated with increased risk of testicular pain. Testicular pain is not infrequent and contrary to previous reports, left nephrectomy was not associated with a higher incidence of testicular pain. Donors should be routinely asked about this potentially bothersome complication.


This paper identifies the effects of traditional food tourism in sustainability of the Rasht city in Iran. It also evaluates tourism development approach from experts' perspectives. This research has been done by descriptive and analytical way, and data has been gathered using documentary and field methods. The variety of indicators was developed for sustainable tourism and the respondents were key figures in the Rasht tourism sector. Completed questionnaires include 384 and 36 data sheets from local people and expert groups, respectively. To evaluate the effect of food tourism development in achieving sustainability and also to recognize tourism development approach, 27 indicators were established, and based on random sampling and Cochran's method. Mean square, SD (standard deviation) and the p-value were used to recognize local people opinions and experts' views about research aim. The findings revealed that the approach in this city was a combination of boosterism and economic approaches. The results also exhibited that food tourism development in the study area has failed to be sustainable, because only the economic dimension has been apparently respected


Hypertension is a common,important and independence risk factor of cardiovascular diseases.It is dangerous with high morbidity and mutilation.Moreover,most patients with hypertension have no symptoms,disability and fatal stroke may be the first clinical manifestations,hypertension is known as "secret killer".The low rate of hypertension about its awareness,treatment and control may be associated with that condition.Therefore,monitoring the changes of blood pressure day and night to guide rational medicine-taking is significant measure for the treatment of hypertension.This article reviews 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and guidance of antihypertensive treatment.


In this research paper, the positions of sensor nodes are used for generating their public keys. In a wireless sensor networks (WSN), the nodes observe the environment in their vicinity and send the position specific data to the sink. Since the position and sensed data of a sensor are linked up to each other, the sensor position can be used as its unique public key. Multivariate cryptography offers a lightweight alternative to public key cryptography for sensor networks and position as public key can enhance its viability for WSN. In this study, we proposed a position-based multivariate cryptosystem for WSN that verifies the position of the sensor node and also prevented from the collusion attack. The performance and security analysis of the proposed scheme demonstrates that reduce storage overhead, communication overhead and prevent collusion attack in various contexts are possible within lightweight computational constraints.


Debris flow is a kind of natural disaster which appears rather frequently in the mountain areas in China. The reason of such a fact consists of two parts: the original tectonic and the contrived damage. In the process of the Western development, the investigation and analysis of the debris-flow's potential dangerous areas and its activity degree are of great importance for the establishment of practical resource exploitation stratagem, and the protection of those plants which are in the areas of high potential danger. With the technique of remote sensing(RS) and the software of watershed (such as ArcGIS and WMS), and completely based on the image and data from RS, the paper investigates a new assessment method of debris activity degree.


With the objective of helping diagnose some pathologies in recently born babies, we present the experiments and results obtained in the classification of infant cry using a variety of single classifiers, and ensembles from the combination of them. Three kinds of cry were classified: normal, hypoacoustic (deaf), and asphyxia. The feature vectors were formed by the extraction of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). The vectors were then processed and reduced through the application of five statistics operations, namely: minimum, maximum, average, standard deviation and variance. LDA, a data reduction technique is implemented with the purpose of comparing the results of our proposed method. Four supervised machine learning methods including Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks, J48, Random Forest and Naive Bayes are used. The ensembles tested were combinations of these under different approaches like Majority Vote, Staking, Bagging and Boosting.


The effects of feeding frequency on the growth, food consumption, body composition, and hematological response of the Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii were investigated for 77 days at ambient water temperatures (17.2-24.5 ℃ ) in a sea cage in Tongyeong, Korea. Three replicate groups of fish were hand-fed to satiation with a commercial diet in one of four different feeding frequency trials (one meal every 2 days, and one, two and three meals per day). At the end of the experiment, the mean weight gain, specific growth rate, and daily feed intake of fish fed one and two meals per day were significantly higher than those of fish fed one meal every 2 days or three meals per day. The feed effi ciency of the fish fed three meals per day was significantly lower than that of the fish in the other groups. The glucose concentration of fish fed one meal every 2 days was significantly higher than that of the other groups. We conclude that the optimum feeding frequency for improving the growth of Korean rockfish weighing 100-200 g reared in sea cages is one meal per day under our experimental conditions.


Experiments show that the internal friction measured at low frequency during creep tests exhibits both the behaviours of Maxwell two-parameter model and standard anelastic three-parameter model.
In this paper, a four-parameter model is proposed for describing the behaviour of such internal friction. Based on this model, the expression of internal friction is derived to be
Q~(-1)=1/ωt_1+△ωτ_2/(1+τ~2t_2~2)
where ω is the circular frequency of vibration, τ_1 and τS_2 are respectively the relaxation times for viscoelastic and anelastic relaxation, and A the relaxation strength.
This expression can satisfactorily explain the change of internal friction with creep time, and the dependence of internal friction on the creep rate, test temperature and the measuring frequency.
The physical origin of each element in the four-parameter model is analyzed in the light of the micro-structure.


The case study of AVIUM agricultural and AVIUM 2000 food processing co-operatives prepared within the Regoverning Markets programme, we aimed to identify certain conditions and possibilities for the Hungarian SME farmers to join the modern food supply system drastically and continuously changing in the last 15 years. The basic elements of uniqueness and sustainability of the two co-operatives are: optimal size, horizontal and vertical co-ordination and the personality of the chairman. In case of the processing co-operative — which seems to be the more successful at the moment — we can also mention the marketing strategy using diversification in the number as well as in the type of the partners, avoiding the multinationals and exploiting the market niches; the integration of wholesale services and the maximal utilisation of development tenders and subsidies.


A strategy of ruminant animals to utilize fibrous materials of plants as a main energy source, which is the most abundant organic matters on the earth, has been realized through establishing symbiotic relationships as a tactics between the animals and the rumen microorganisms about 50,000,000 years ago46). Since then, the symbiotic relationships gradually developed and the ruminant animals have resulted in a success in proliferating the species of this kind in most abundantly among larger mammals. Microorganisms with which ruminant animals had established symbiotic relationships were mainly consisted of bacteria,


This article examines the cessation of corporal punishment by parents who start out spanking their children and then make a concerted effort to stop. Drawing on semistructured interviews with 22 parents, the qualitative analysis identifies five contexts in which those concerted efforts arose: experiential, ideological, regulatory, relational, and biographical. The key features of each context are discussed, and case descriptions are provided. Although parents' reasons for quitting vary, cessation is generally associated with new meanings that turn old beliefs into excuses and that define nonspanking as progress. It is argued that cessation should be conceptualized as a social process and as part of a corporal punishment career and not simply as a behavioral omission. These data suggest that cultural inducements and social support may be as important as learning alternative disciplinary techniques in explaining parents' cessation efforts. The implications for a better understanding of reductions in corporal punishment are discussed.


The article analyses architectural tasks in the field of housing construction and town-planning policy in the USSR of the first half of the XX century and systematizes the main types of the city dwelling created in the middle of the 1950-s. In the course of systematization and studying of key works and materials on housing construction in the USSR of the first half of the XX century the most informative sources are revealed. The authors specify their research field and present the views of Soviet and Post-Soviet researches on architectural, town-planning, social aspects of housing construction of the 1920-1950-s. The stages and features of development of this process are defined according to key acts in the field of housing policy of the socialist period. The paper considers the main architectural tendencies in housing construction, main types of the city dwelling in the first half of the XX century, their architectural design features and the social status.


In this talk, we present an original technique based on a broadband acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter (AOPDF) to picosecond to nanosecond pulse shaping.


Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and it belongs to osteochondrodysplasias. These diseases are a group of bone disorders characterized by numerous cartilage-capped components, resulting in skeletal abnormalities. 64% of patients have a family history of MHE. At birth, only 5% of the patients with MHE present clinical manifestations. The exostoses are discovered at birth only if there is a family history. They are discovered during the first decade of life in more than 80%1. At the age of 12, this figure approaches 96%2,3. We present the case of a man who has been diagnosed with MHE at the age of 20, after presenting at our hospital due to intense knee pain and bilateral shoulder pain during walking and sports activities. Family medical history, revealed the existence of multiple exostoses in his mother and his older brother.


An approach for coding information based on the magnitude level of the radar cross section (RCS) of depolarizing chipless tags is proposed for the first time. It is used in combination with the classical frequency coding to increase the coding capacity. The control of the magnitude is based on the polarization mismatch between the tag and the reader antenna and it is fully compatible with a recent technique allowing reliable detection in real environments. The theoretical approach is validated by measurements.


Electrodeposition of Cr-P-C alloy film from a trivalent chromium bath containing CrCls, glycine, hypophosphite, and (NH4) 2SO4 as main components was studied using a double compartment cell separated by a cation exchange membrane. Bright Cr-P-C films with a maximum deposition current efficiency of 10% were obtained from a pH 1.0 bath at a current density of 16A/ dm2 . P content in the film increased to 20at% with increasing hypophosphite concentration in the bath, while C content was about 2 at% throughout our plating conditions. X-ray diffraction showed that the as-deposited film was amorphous and crystallized in heat treatment exceeding 600•Ž, raising film hardness from 500HV to 1500HV.


Pyrochlore iridates have recently attracted growing interest in condensed matter physics because of their potential for realizing new topological states. In order to achieve such quantum states, it is essential to understand themagnetic properties of these compounds, as their electronic structures are strongly coupled with theirmagnetic ground states. In this work, we report a systematic study of the magnetic properties of pyrochlore Y2Ir2O7 and its hole-doped compounds by performing magnetic, electron spin resonance, electrical transport, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. We demonstrate the existence of weak ferromagnetism on top of a large antiferromagnetic background in the undoped compound. Hole doping by calcium was found to enhance both the ferromagnetism and the electrical conductivity. The XPS characterization shows the coexistence of Ir4+ and Ir5+ in the undoped compound, and the amount of Ir5+ increases with Ca doping, which highlights the possible origins of the weak ferromagnetism associated with the formation of Ir5+.We also observe a vertical shift in the M-H curves after field cooling, which may arise from a strong coupling between the ferromagnetic phase and the antiferromagnetic background.


Summary Background: Falls are a predominant problem in our aging society, often leading to severe somatic and psychological consequences, and having an incidence of about 30% in the group of persons aged 65 years or above. In order to identify persons at risk, many assessment tools and tests have been developed, but most of these have to be conducted in a supervised setting and are dependent on an expert rater. Objectives: The overall aim of our research work is to develop an objective and unobtrusive method to determine individual fall risk based on the use of motion sensor data. The aims of our work for this paper are to derive a fall risk model based on sensor data that may potentially be measured during typical activities of daily life (aim #1), and to evaluate the resulting model with data from a one-year follow-up study (aim #2). Methods: A sample of n = 119 geriatric inpatients wore an accelerometer on the waist during a Timed 'Up & Go' test and a 20 m walk. Fifty patients were included in a one-year follow-up study, assessing fall events and scoring average physical activity at home in telephone interviews. The sensor data were processed to extract gait and dynamic balance parameters, from which four fall risk models – two classification trees and two logistic regression models – were computed: models CT#1 and SL#1 using accelerometer data only, models CT#2 and SL#2 including the physical activity score. The risk models were evaluated in a ten-times tenfold cross-validation procedure, calculating sensitivity (SENS), speci ficity (SPEC), positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), classification accuracy, area under the curve (AUC) and the Brier score. Results: Both classification trees show a fair to good performance (models CT#1/ CT#2): SENS 74% / 58%, SPEC 96% / 82%, PPV 92% / 74%, NPV 77%/82%, accuracy 80% / 78%, AUC 0.83 / 0.87 and Brier scores 0.14 / 0.14. The logistic regression models (SL#1/ SL#2) perform worse: SENS 42% / 58%, SPEC 82% / 78%, PPV 62% / 65%, NPV 67% / 72%, accuracy 65% /70%, AUC 0.65 / 0.72 and Brier scores 0.23 / 0.21. Conclusions: Our results suggest that accelerometer data may be used to predict falls in an unsupervised setting. Furthermore, the parameters used for prediction are measurable with an unobtrusive sensor device during normal activities of daily living. These promising results have to be validated in a larger, long-term prospective trial.


To investigate the effect of hydrogen diffusion from the silicon oxide etch-stopper (SiOx ES) layer into the amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) on thin-film transistor (TFT) properties and stabilities, we fabricated a-IGZO TFTs with a SiOx ES layer deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at various silane (SiH4) partial pressures (P[SiH4]). Then, quantitative analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the hydrogen content of the a-IGZO and electrical properties and stability of the TFTs. We found that a low resistance region was formed at the backchannel of the TFT, when the SiOx ES layer was deposited at higher P[SiH4], leading to a drastic negative threshold voltage (Vth) shift. In addition, it was also found that at the frontchannel, the increase in the carrier concentration of a-IGZO was proportional to the increase in the amount of hydrogen in a-IGZO. On the other hand, when P[SiH4] was increased, the subthreshold swing, hysteresis, and gate-bias stability of the TFT improved. The results indicate that hydrogen diffused from the SiOx ES layer passivates the electron traps at the a-IGZO and/or gate insulator/a-IGZO interface, and almost all of the hydrogen also acts as shallow-donor in a-IGZO.


This Temperature of concrete box girder is influenced by many climate factors, such as environmental temperature, wind speed, solar radiation and so on. Based on measured temperature of auxiliary shipping channel bridge of the Sutong bridge, the relationship between effective temperature of concrete box girder and environmental temperature was analyzed, and the results show that there is a good correlation among them. Methods for predicting the extreme value of the effective temperature and box-girder air temperature were proposed by use of the average atmospheric temperature for the current and previous 2 days. Then, a comparison between predictive value and observation results was made and it shows that the relationship is quite useful in predicting the extreme value of the effective temperature and air temperature inside box girder.


Objective To investigate the risk factors related to vitreous loss of phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction. Methods The clinical data of the initial continuous 350 cases of pha-coemulsification and 350 cases of extracapsular cataract extraction were reviewed. Vitreous loss rate related to each risk factors (gender, age, laterality of the eye,type of cataract, IOL power,success of capsulorhexis,coordinafion of the patients, etc) were measured. Chi-square and Logistic analysis were used to identify the differ-ence of each rate. Results In the ECCE group, there is no significance among each risk factor. In the Phaco group,type of cataract,IOL power and capsulorhexis successful or not affected the vitreous loss rate. Grade IV nuclear,unsuccessful capsulorhexis, IOL power ≥ 24.5D, IOL power ≤ 15.0D and grade Ⅰ nuclear are the risk factors related to the vitreous loss rate,while grade Ⅱ nuclear is a significant protect factor (p <0.05). Conclu-sion The trainees are suggested to choose patients with emmetropia,cataract with grade n nuclear and relative young age and to perform phacoemulsification with successful capsulorhexis.

Key words:
Cataract;  Phacoemulsification;  Extracapsular cataract extraction;  Risk factor


Introduction: Extensive bedded sedimentary units within craters of the Arabia Terra region of Mars record a history of episodic crater infilling and aqueous activity [1–3]. Proposed depositional mechanisms for these units include aeolian airfall dust, pyroclastic ejecta, impact surges, lacustrine deposition, groundwater upwelling and glacial layering [1–8]. Consistent stratigraphic patterns and bed thicknesses [9] in deposits with inferred Noachian to Hesperian ages [5,8] suggest that some depositional processes may have been regionally extensive during that time. Still, the role of water in the formation and alteration of those deposits, and how its traces appear in different craters within the region, remains poorly understood. Building upon previous morphological analyses of bed structures [1,7–10], this study uses compositional and thermophysical deposit characteristics derived from orbital data to infer how aqueous activity may have affected sedimentary material within crater deposits. Initial results of this work put new constraints on the role water played in at least some of the widespread infilling deposits. Hydrous minerals and indurated rock signatures seem to be geospatially linked, but only appear in isolated regions that are within crater interiors and topographically beneath erosionally resistant scarp units. This is an indicator that the observed aqueous activity may not have been a fundamental component of the formation of the observed quasi-periodic layers that rise to form the scarps, but rather are the result of one or more separate processes.


The underground engineering environment of Xining Railway Station comprehensive reconstruction project is extremely bad.Its groundwater environment is similar to Qinghai Chaerhan Salt Lake's brine.According to the requirements of the engineering,the reinforced concrete structure sample's different depths of the free chlorine ion concentration and the concentration of total chloride ions were measured,in the condition of 28 d standard conservation and soaked in room temperature brine and heated brine after 28,180,360 d.According to the penetration mechanism of chloride ions in concrete and the test data,studied the penetration law of chloride ions in the concrete in different temperatures brine environment.The results showed that the chloride ion content inside the concrete was reduced with increasing depth on the whole,the chloride ion content.Inside the concrete in Heated brine environment was higher than room brine environment.But because of the influence of the penetration mechanism and the concrete compacting degree,it showed individual instability.


This paper describes water bursting situation on karst collapse column in N 2?-7 workface belt roadway of changcun coal mine,through analysis to water bursting volume and water quality,possibility of roof water and floor water are evaluated,mine water management scheme of roof water and floor water also are gotten,it raises good theoretical opinion for the future.


In view of the increasing number and popularity of students associations on campus,the ideological education has been confronted by both challenge and opportunity.So it is of great importance to strengthen and promote ideological education in those students associations.Besides the ideological education,to the same effect,helps the management and the building of the students associations and spurs the quality education and stabilizes the present situation at university.


Green spaces in urban areas and alongside highways are occupying increasingly large areas, and their maintenance mobilizes a non-negligible amount of energy, while the question of what to do with the waste often remains a problem. On the basis of experiments and applications in France and abroad, the Laboratoire de l'Est Parisien has studied the possibilities of methane fermentation of grass cuttings. The study was carried out using a semi-continuous infinitely agitated system in a 30-liter reactor. The influent, which had undergone aerobic pre-fermentation, contained 10% of dry matter. The latter consisted of unsorted grass cuttings from lawns, crushed so as to conform to the scale of the system. Under the conditions of the experiment, the daily production of biogas (60% methane, 40% carbon dioxide in the main) peaked at 2 liters per liter of digester, corresponding to 285 liters of biogas per kilogramme of dry matter.


Molecular markers are useful for the identification of critical genes controlling agricultural traits of interest in crop germplasm and for the use of these genes in crop improvement using marker-assisted selection (MAS). The improvement of blast disease resistance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties is one of the major goals for rice breeders. The blast resistance (R) gene Pi66(t) was previously mapped to a 129-kb genomic region on chromosome 11, where six candidate R genes were predicted. To help rice breeders in rice blast resistance MAS breeding, we developed three polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based molecular markers, WRKY41, NBS-LRR-970-1, and NBS-LRR-970-2, for the Pi66(t) locus. The validation of two markers, WRKY41 and NBS-LRR-970-1, suggested they cosegregated with the Pi66(t) gene in two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. The application of two markers in a USDA–ARS rice mini-core collection indicated that NBSLRR-970-1 was a Pi66(t)-linked specific marker. The developed marker not only can be used to identify resistant lines with the Pi66(t) gene in mapping populations but also can be used in screening rice germplasm with a broad genetic background. Taken together, these newly developed markers and newly identified rice germplasm lines carrying the Pi66(t) gene will provide essential tools and materials for rice breeders in MAS breeding. Y. Liu, Univ. of Arkansas, Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160; Y. Jia and D. Gealy, USDA–ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160; D.M. Goad and K.M. Olsen, Washington Univ., Dep. of Biology, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899; and A.L. Caicedo, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Biology Dep., MA 01003. Received 8 July 2015. Accepted 25 Nov. 2015. *Corresponding author (firstname.lastname@example.com). Abbreviations: DGWG, rice cultivar Dee Geo Woo Gen; LRR, leucine-rich repeat; MAS, marker-assisted selection; NBS, nucleotidebinding site; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; QTL, quantitative trait loci; R, resistance; RFLP, restriction fragment-length polymorphism; RIL, recombinant inbred line. Published in Crop Sci. 56:1–8 (2016). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2015.07.0422 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. Published February 26, 2016


Introduction: Little is known about the patterns of anticoagulation use and clinical outcomes associated with the resumption of anticoagulation after a major hemorrhage. Hypothesis: We hypothesized...


Computer technology is giving birth to new tools for theoreticians seeking to understand traffic and practical tools that planners and entrepreneurs can use to help tame it. Most recently, the high-tech industry has begun introducing the first traffic management tools that motorists themselves can use to reduce their exposure to congestion. So far, though, the consumer technologies are relatively primitive and ineffective. For the foreseeable future, traffic management is likely to remain a government enterprise with enthusiastic support from industry. This article discusses three ways technology is pursuing the elusive goal of making our streets and highways more fluid: car sharing, Transportation Analysis Simulations Systems (TRANSIMS) simulation software to analyze traffic flow and congestion, and Paramics software to simulate traffic management scenarios.


Because of the shilly-shally democratic transition in Africa, it is impossible to have a clear idea of the sort of society which is proposed as a model.However the theory of « fluid political conjunctures » formulated by Michel Dobry throws light on certain aspects of this unending transition by allowing a new approach in the analysis of the failure of the democratisation process in Africa.According to this theory « fluid political conjunctures cause major upheavals that upset the usual frames of reference. They are also remarkable because they generate a social dynamism and specific tactical and structural processes ».


System reliability optimization models containing uncertainty are expressed and a new formulation is proposed to maximize the reliability subject to the available cost of the system reliability estimate. The redundancy allocation problem can be defined as the selection of the system configuration and the type of the components to optimize some objective functions while satisfying some system related constraints. This chapter proposes a solution for multi-stage series-parallel system with nonlinear function to evaluate the maximum reliability subject to available cost using triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number. In addition to that we propose the co-efficient of variation of the system reliability estimate for each membership function and nonmembership function. These methods are utilized to identify minimum CV with high reliability estimate.


The era of the Vietnam War was one of the most tumultuous in American history. It was a time that dismembered individuals, families, and much of the government and society- physically, psychologically, and intellectually. The process of addressing the Vietnam War has been helped along by distance and time, which have allowed for historical analyses, but one of the main catalysts for its reconciliation in American cultural history has been the Vietnam Veterans Memorial wall. This article is an analysis of how a wall, something generally meant to separate, protect, or keep people in or out, has become a cultural phenomenon as an agent of healing. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, generally referred to simply as "The Wall," has helped to re-member, put back together, or re-engage individuals, families, and much of the government and society through a process of remembering that has addressed physical, psychological, and intellectual trauma- quite an astonishing feat, since this was done primarily through a minimalist work of art designed by a college student. The memorial consists of two black granite wings, each almost two hundred and fifty feet long, which meet at an obtuse angle that is submerged into the landscape of the National Mall, a green space between the Lincoln and Washington Memorials, and in the far back yard of the White House, in Washington DC. Yet it is precisely the nonrepresentational nature of The Wall, rather than the figural nationalism typical of war memorials, that promotes interaction through the names etched on its surface, reconciliation through the items visitors are instigated to leave there, and healing because it brings the subversive subject of the Vietnam War into the open. These characteristics have made The Wall effective, and a standard by which subsequent memorials of war or catastrophe are measured. When we remember Vietnam, whether the war itself or the era that surrounds it, we bring up an uneasy past. The controversy that was part of that history plagued the The Wall's development, particularly the design itself, which was subjected to revisions and compromise. The multitude of meanings inscribed in The Wall reflect larger cultural issues as basic as right and wrong, good and bad, and as complicated as gender inequity, racism, constructions of identity, masculinities, and cultural, social, and political memory. A number of writers have discussed The Wall as a reflection of past and present society. In her essay, "The Wall, The Screen and the Image: The Vietnam Veterans Memorial," Marita Sturken suggests that "the black walls of the memorial act as screens for innumerable projections memory and history - of the United States' participation in the Vietnam War and the experience of the Vietnam veterans since the war" (163). Unlike previous wars, many of which ended with parades or some type of respectful display for those who had served, Vietnam was a travesty. Many people protested the war, and many men who were drafted went reluctantly or ran away, becoming known as "draft dodgers." In addition, unlike earlier accounts of war, such as newsreels that gave updates during World War II, episodes from Vietnam were shown frequently on the nightly news and in newspapers. Those who fought in the war and those who objected to it were often vilified while the war dragged on with no positive outcome. Veterans who returned to the United States often had psychological problems brought on by the anxiety that was part of jungle warfare. Others contracted diseases related to the jungle or chemicals used to aid fighting. Many veterans were treated with hostility and returned to shouts of "baby killer" or "murderer," and veterans were even spat upon. Veterans often submitted to a kind of internal forgetting, or denial, in which they disassociated themselves from Vietnam by becoming model citizens so as not to be identified with the war or stereotypes that portrayed Vietnam veterans as social outcasts. …


Much of ~ published work has focused upon a secondary analysis of a variety of criminal justice data systems. While such an approach is informative and reasonable it suffers from a number of limitations. Perhaps the major shortcoming is that in analyzing patterns in existing data we can address the question of "how" a variety of phenomena are related but not "why" they are related. In order to accomplish the latter, a strict positivistic research strategy is inappropriate. MY research into the area of race and crime has shown me that science is not necessarily objective and value free. Hence, I have become increasingly skeptical of positivistic science and many of the conclusions derived from it. Having been trained as a positivist I do not completely reject this approach but have become more aware of its limitations. This paper is a brief attempt to highlight some of those limitations and the consequences they have for minorities and crime.


Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. By Arturo Escobar. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995. Pp.ix+290. £40/$49.50 and £13.95/$15.95. ISBN 0 691 03409 5 and 00102 2


INTRODUCTION: Alkylating agents, including Temozolomide (TMZ) and CCNU (ACNU) have been widely accepted as a standard treatment in malignant gliomas. Several studies also demonstrated that BCNU wafer placement extended survival in glioblastoma patients. However, little study demonstrated gene-specific efficacy of BCNU local therapy in malignant gliomas. Herein, we investigated BCNU sensitivity for patient-derived primary cultured glioma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2017 to July 2019, 58 gliomas (grade III, IV) were tested genomic analysis and ATP-based cell viability after BCNU treatment. IDH1/2 mutation and TERT promoter mutation status was determined by Sanger sequencing. MGMT methylation status were evaluated by methylation specific PCR. RESULTS: Of 58 cases,10 cases (17.2%) and 32 (55.2%) cases harbored IDH1/2 mutation and TERT mutation (C228T, C250T), respectively. Among them, co-mutation was identified in 5/58 cases (8.6%). MGMT was methylated in 17/58 cases (29.3%). Interestingly, the presence of TERT promoter mutation was positively correlated with BCNU sensitivity, par-ticularly in IDH1/2 wild-type tumors (p<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant relationship between TMZ sensitivity and IDH mutation/MGMT methylation status. CONCLUSION: Although sample size is small, our results imply TERT promoter mutations might be a predictive molecular marker for BCNU sensitivity in malignant gliomas. Since TERT mutations are located at two hot spot loci (C228T and C250T), vast majority of TERT promoter mutations can be evaluated during surgery, which may contribute tailored therapeutic strategy in malignant gliomas. YAP1 fusion-positive supratentorial ependymomas predominantly occur in infants, but the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis are unknown. Here we show YAP1-MAMLD1 fusions but not YAP1 wildtype are sufficient to drive malignant transformation of neural progenitors in the developing cere-bral cortex in mice, and the resulting tumours share histo-molecular charac- teristics of human ependymomas. Nuclear localization of YAP1-MAMLD1 protein is associated with its oncogenicity and is mediated by the nuclear localization signal of MAMLD1 in a YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation-independent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses of human YAP1-MAMLD1-positive ependymoma reveal enrichment of NFI and TEAD transcription factor binding site motifs in YAP1-bound regula- tory elements, hypothesizing the important role of these transcription factors in YAP1-MAMLD1-driven tumourigenesis. Indeed, co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed physical interactions of TEADs and NFIA/B with the YAP1 and MAMLD1 domains of the fusion protein, respectively. Mutation of the TEAD binding site in the YAP1 fusion or repression of NFI targets pre-vents tumour induction in mice. Together, these results demonstrate that the YAP1-MAMLD1 fusion functions as an oncogenic driver of ependymoma through recruitment of TEADs and NFIs, indicating a rationale for preclin- ical studies to block the interaction between YAP1 fusions and NFI and TEAD transcription factors. University Graduate BACKGROUND: Metastatic brain tumors associated with poor prog- nosis and limited treatment options. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is sup-posed to play a major role in brain metastasis. However, little is known about the role of pericytes in brain metastasis formation. This study aimed to reveal the expression profile of interaction between pericytes, endothe- lial cells, and cancer cells. METHODS: The Institutional review board ap-proved this study. We established an in vitro BBB model with rat primary cultured BBB-related cells (endothelial cells and pericytes) and investigated the gene expression of pericytes under the lung cancer cell's coculture cir- cumstances. Pericytes showed inhibition of the KNS-62 cell proliferation sig-nificantly (p < 0.05). RNA was extracted from the pericytes using miRNeasy mini kit. Complementary DNA library preparation was performed with QuantSeq 3 'mRNA-Seq Library Prep Kit. RNA-seq was performed with MiSeq using MiSeq Reagent Kit v3. Sequencing reads were analyzed on the Maser (TopHat2-CuffLinks2-CummeRbund, TopHat2-HTSeq) and TCC- GUI (EdgeR, DESeq, baySeq) platform. Enrichment analysis was performed at Metascape, and the results were analyzed concerning the OMIM and KEGG databases. RESULT: The RIN value of RNA < 8.0 was confirmed. Data quality was acceptable in Fast QC analysis. In TCC differential ex- pressed gene (DEG) analysis, cluster analysis showed that the influence of pericyte lot difference was stronger than the change between cell lines and control. Therefore, lot-specific DEG analysis was performed; the data were pretreated and re-analyzed to try to identify genes involved in the suppres- sion of cancer cell growth. DISCUSSION: This study revealed that some expression profiles of brain pericytes implemented in the prevention of metastatic lung cancer cell proliferation in the brain. Pericytes exert an anti-metastatic effect and thus have the potential for the preventive treatment of brain metastasis. PURPOSE: Multidisciplinary therapies including immunotherapy in glioblastoma (GBM) patients often cause long survivor, while early re-lapse of GBM still remains. We should find factors associated with the immunotherapy-resistance for overcoming it. We previously reported that the infiltration of PD-1 positive cells and M2 macrophages (M2M&phi) increased in recurrent specimens compared to the initial specimens of GBMs treated with chemo-radiotherapy and autologous formalin-fixed tumor vac- cine. Here we evaluate whether combination of novel immunotherapies, anti-PD-L1 antibody and M2M&phi inhibitor (IPI-549) inhibits growth of temozolomide (TMZ)-treated glioma cells rather than monotherapy. METHODS: Using murine glioma initiating cells (TS) and TMZ-resistant TS (TMZRTS) cells, PD-L1 expression and cytokine production associated with M2M&phi were evaluated. TMZRTS cells were implanted in mice flank, followed by anti-PD-L1 antibody and / or IPI-549 administration. RESULTS: Relative cell proliferation rate of TMZRTS cells was lower than TS cells, while PD-L1 mRNA expression was higher. Treatment with PD-L1 antibody caused marked infiltration of M2M&phi in glioma tissue. The combination therapy strongly inhibited tumor growth in TMZRTS murine model. CONCLUSION: The anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment altered tissue microenvironment including marked infiltration of macrophages in glioma tissue, probably associated with clinical immunotherapy-resistance in GBM. Combination therapy with anti-PD-L1 antibody and M2M&phi inhibitor could overcame it. To discover novel biological targets in glioblastoma, genomic and im- munological analysis were performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set. The RNA-seq data of 156 primary glioblastoma cases were subjected to CIBERSORT to detect tumor infiltrating cell fractions. Principal component analysis was performed on this data to detect factors that strongly contribute to the first principal component, and hierarchical clustering was performed. Survival curves were compared for each of the derived clusters. Finally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using HALLMARK Gene Set was performed. In the principal component ana- lysis, we detected seven factors (NK cells resting, T cell regulatory, NK cells activated, Macrophage type 0, T cell gamma delta, Macrophage type 2, Macrophage type 1) which strongly contribute to the first principal component. Based on these seven factors, hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in T cell regulatory (Treg), Macrophage type 0 (M0), Macrophage type 2 (M2) and Macrophage type 1 (M1) clusters. There was no significant dif- ference between these groups in CD8 T cell. M2 and M1 clusters displayed better OS with a significant difference. TNFA signaling via NF κ B in Treg group, IFN α response, IFN γ response and ALLOGRAFT response in M2 group, G2M CHECKPOINT, GLYCOLYSIS, WNT β catenin signaling, MI- TOTIC SPINDLE and TGF β signaling in M1 group were upregulated. In conclusion, tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma can be divided into 4 immunological subtypes, Treg, M0, M1, and M2. Because of the con-tribution of innate immunity for shaping the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma, immunotherapies targeting these innate immune cells are anticipated. OBJECTIVE: In neuro-oncology, it is believed that one major obstacle to effective chemotherapy is the high vascularity and heterogenous permeability of brain tumors. Focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure with the microbubbles has been shown to transiently open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) without depositing thermal energy, and thus may enhance the delivery of various therapeutic drugs into brain tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the BBB opening using 220-kHz transcranial MRI-guided FUS (TcMRgFUS) device and microbubbles in mouse and rat. METHODS: The experiments were performed with the 220-kHz ExAblate Neuro TcMRgFUS system (InSightec) and novel lipid bubbles (LB, Teikyo Univ.). Normal mouse and rat brains were irradiated with TcMRgFUS (output power, 5W; duration of irradiation, 30 s; duty cycle 100%) following intravenous injection of 6x10 7 LB per mouse and rat, respectively. On irradiation, target temperature rise & cavitation signal were monitored by MR thermometry and cavitation receiver, respectively. Immediately after irradiation, BBB opening and complications were detected based on T1, T2, T2*, and Gadolinium (Gd) enhanced T1-weighted images. RESULTS: The maximum temperature of brain tissue was under 42 C. There were no risky-cavitation signals causing hemorrhage. The FUS-LB exposure induced successful BBB opening effect in both mouse and rat, confirmed by Gd enhancement in the target region, lateral ventricles, and sulcus. In addition, there were no complications such as edema, coagulation, and hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Although there remain many conditions to be optimi


Dystocias may cause significant economic losses for cattle raisers due to reduction in milk production and fertility, premature culling, and additional expenses with veterinary services. According to many studies on this subject, most difficult births are related to fetal-pelvic incompatibility. Therefore, we measured the pelvic height, width and area of 236 Holstein dairy cows by pelvimetry. The animals were between their second and sixth parturition and were raised in a farm in Inhauma, Minas Gerais. Mean values for pelvic measurements were: 18,62 ± 1,21 cm (width), and 19,911 ± 1,61 cm (height). Results indicate that the majority of cows may be classified as dolichopellics, 20,33% as platypellics, and 11,01% as mesatipellics.


Let $(A,\mathbb{N}^{2},\alpha)$ be a dynamical system consisting of a $C^*$-algebra $A$ and an action $\alpha$ of $\mathbb{N}^{2}$ on $A$ by automorphisms. Let $A\times_{\alpha}^{\textrm{piso}}\mathbb{N}^{2}$ be the partial-isometric crossed product of the system. We apply the fact that it is a full corner of a crossed product by the group $\mathbb{Z}^{2}$ in order to give a complete description of its primitive ideal space.


Banking sector, particularly bank, as part of a finance system takes an important role as intermediation institution for sectors who involved in an economyc matters, therefore bank health level must be given the serious attention because it involved the significance of many parties that bound the owner, government, as well as the society who use the bank services. The purpose of this research is to find and analyze the condition of health level the Regional Development Bank of West Kalimantan, Regional Development Bank of East Java, Regional Development Bank of DKI Jakarta using CAMELS Methods. Types of this research is descriptive comparative. Methods of data collection in this research is using a secondary data which was obtained indirectly but it was obtained by official sites. This secondary data was obtained in the form of routine financial reports issued by the Bank. The results show that PT. Bank Kalbar and PT. Bank Jatim on aspects Capital (CAR), Asset (NPL), Management (NPM), Earning (ROA and ROA), Liquidity (LDR), and Sensitivity to Market Risk (IER) from 2011-2015 categorized healthy, while PT. Bank DKI in LDR ratio in 2013 did not indicates a good condition and in 2015 on aspects of NPLs, ROA and IER also did not indicate a good condition. Keywords : CAMELS ratio, Bank Health


The invention discloses a novel petroleum pipeline cutting marking strip, which comprises a steel band piece, wherein one end of the steel band piece is provided with a rectangular connector, the center of the rectangular connector is provided with an outwards protruded steel post, the other end, opposite to the rectangular connector, of the steel band piece is provided with a locating screw hole, the surface of the steel band piece is provided with a strip hole, a sliding base is arranged in the strip hole, the center of the sliding base is provided with a cylindrical boss, and the boss is provided with a stone pencil mounting groove. The novel petroleum pipeline cutting marking strip has the beneficial effects that time and effort are saved, and the pipeline can be stably fixed on petroleum pipelines with different pipe diameters, so that the levelness after the strip is cut is ensured, and connection between a cut pipe section and a novel pipe section is facilitated; the sliding base is arranged in the strip hole and is matched with a stone pencil tool, so that the marking strip has the advantages of convenience in use, high efficiency, saving labors and the like.


Self‐efficacy exerts a positive impact on several self‐regulatory functions to support goal accomplishment and performance. However, in contexts that are characterized by uncertainty and ambiguity, such as entrepreneurship, there might be a tipping point to this relationship, prompting calls for deeper investigations on the nonlinear effect. In particular, the underlying mechanisms explaining why and when the nonlinear effect occurs are unclear. Drawing on theories of self‐regulation, we examine the nonlinear effect of entrepreneurial self‐efficacy on venture goal progress through the entrepreneur's active feedback‐seeking and venture effort. We also propose that the entrepreneur's state error mastery orientation moderates the nonlinear effect. Conducting a six‐wave repeated measures study among 84 early‐stage entrepreneurs in a business accelerator in the Philippines, we use a within‐person approach to test our hypotheses and research model. Results suggest that self‐regulatory mechanisms in terms of feedback seeking, effort, and state error mastery orientation help to unpack why and when self‐efficacy exerts a nonlinear effect on performance outcomes.


We demonstrate a practical means by which one can inject more than the space-charge limiting current into a vacuum diode. This over-injection causes self-oscillations of the space-charge resulting in an electron beam current modulation at a fixed frequency, a reaction of the system to the Coulomb repulsive forces due to charge accumulation.


Breast cancer incidence in Pakistan is the highest reported in any South-Central Asian country. It is the most frequent malignancy in women, where it accounts for 38.5% of all female cancers. About half (43.7%) of all breast cancers are locally advanced. We recruited 183 primary care physicians in Pakistan and invited them to attend educational conferences using an educational module about breast cancer risk factors, diagnosis, and management. We tested the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians. Knowledge was tested before and after the educational module. Data analysis determined the effect of demographics, medical education, and prior training of physicians on modulating the differences in knowledge between pre-test and post-test evaluations. Our analysis showed a statistical significance in overall improvement for all knowledge based questions in detection, management and referral of breast cancer (P=0.0001). The additional knowledge provided from the continuing medical education sessions contributed to improvement in knowledge of the physicians. Improved knowledge about early breast cancer detection may improve patient referral and survival. Results from this study could be used to guide the implementation of future cancer continuing medical education programs for primary care physicians in developing countries.


Prodrug is a substance which after administration is metabolized into a pharmacologically active drug. Actually Prodrug has least medicinal value in in-vitro/in-vivo but after biotransformation by metabolism in in-vivo it releases the active medicament. A drug is a substance which is a chemical entity, has definite structural skeleton, obtained by natural or synthetic or semisynthetic source, which can fit on bioreceptor platform having controlling capacity to control over the biochemical malfunction. Every drug is xenobiotic because it is coming from outer source (xeno) and active in biological unit (biotic). Prodrug is the precursor of drug which is made by derivatization of the same to enhance the bioavailability by pharmacokinetics, lipid solubility by partition coefficient and increase the physicochemical & biochemical parameters by pharmacodynamics. Prodrug is a precursor (forerunner) of a drug. A prodrug must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming an active pharmacological agent. For example, sulfasalazine is a prodrug. It is not active in its ingested form. It has to be broken down by bacteria in the colon into two products: 5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA) and sulfapyridine; before becoming active as a drug. It is a compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming an active pharmacological agent; a precursor of a drug. It is called as biotransformation which produce active drug for pharmacological response from prodrug which is inactive.


Using TM image in 1987,1993,2003 and ETM~+ image in 2000 of Zuli river basin,normalized difference vegetation index was extracted and the vegetation coverage was calculated according to the mixedpixel model based on NDVI.The vegetation coverage would be divided into four different degrees and the change of the vegetation coverage under spatial distribution was analyzed.The result indicated that the whole vegetation coverage level of Zuli river basin had a trend of gradual degradation from 1987 to 2000,but it began to recover since 2000,and Land Use/Land Cover Changes are closely related to vegetation variation.The method that analyzed dynamic changes about vegetation coverage in Zuli river basin provided the reference for the protection of ecological environment in Zuli river basin.


The community health center in Jember Regency has not been optimal in overcoming mental disorders in the community, causing increasingly complex mental health problems and impacting not only individuals but families and society itself. The family approach using self-help group (SHG) therapy is one way to be able to provide treatment for Person With Mental Illness (PWMI). The role of mental nurses is to explore mental health problems in PWMI and psychosocial problems in families with PWMI by giving SHG therapy. This study aimed to analyze the effect of self-help groups on the family's ability to care for PWMI. This study uses a pre-experimental design approach with a one-shot case study method. The measuring instruments used were self-help group SOP, PWMI daily living activity observation sheets, and a questionnaire on the family's ability to care for PWMI. The SHG will be held for four sessions involving PWMI, families, and the person in charge of mental health programs at the community health center. The results showed a significant increase in the family's cognitive abilities before and after getting a self-help group with a P-value of 0.040. and a significant increase in psychomotor abilities with a P-value of 0.043. It is hoped that nurses can form SHG to improve PWMI care in the community


A 500W preregulator based on MC33262 is presented and simulated by software PSPICE.The principle of power factor corrected circuit based on BOOST in boundary mode is analyzed in the paper.The condition of boundary is derived.A high power factor and low THD are acquired.At last,the example for explanation is given.


The binding reaction between bovine serum albumins(BSA) and pefioxacin mesylate(PM) or rufioxacin hydrochloride(RH) in aqueous was studied by fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption spectra.The results indicated that PM and RH strongly bind to BSA with the molar ratio of 1∶1 and the equilibrium constants of K_(PM)=7.2×10~4 L/mol and K_(RH)=9.3×10~4 L/mol respectively.The action distances (r_(PM)=2.82nm,r_(RH)=2.93nm) and energy transfer efficiencies (E_(PM)=0.31,E_(RH)=0.44,)between donor (BSA) and acceptor (PM,RH) were obtained by Frster's nonradiative energy transfer mechanism.The Stern-Volmer curve on the fluorescence of BSA quenched by series of quinolone concentration was linear,which illustrated the combination reaction of quinolone and BSA is a single static quenching process.


: Study area is located in the northeastern part of the Jordan Valley and it's one of the most important groundwater resources in Jordan, which has during the last few decades led to extensive exploitation of its groundwater resources. 39 samples of groundwater collected from the study area were analyzed by adopting standard methods for pH, TDS, EC, major cations and anions to assess the quality of groundwater for its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. The results of analysis carried out showed the following concentration ranges: pH (6.1-8.47), EC (652-9345μS/cm), TH (296.67-2645.84mg/l), TDS (355.54-5305.9mg/l), Ca 2+ (58-546mg/l), Mg 2+ (30.3-312.4mg/l), Na + (14.72-799.2mg/l), K + (0.7-238.7mg/l), NO 3 - (1.4-146.7mg/l), HCO 3 - (140.2-741.3mg/l), SO 4 2- (5.4-1551mg/l), Cl - (29.75-1744.8mg/l). The ionic dominance for the major cations and the anions  respectively in terms of me/l, were in the order of Na + > Mg 2+ > Ca 2+ > K + and Cl - > HCO 3 - > SO 4 2- > NO 3 - . Concentration of chemical constituents of the most of the samples exceeds the guidelines set by international bodies for drinking water. According to plots on the piper diagram the groundwater of the study area consists of 3 hydrochemical types, viz., Ca-Mg-HCO 3 type (n=12), Ca-Mg-SO 4 (n=7) and mixed CaMgHCO 3 -CaMgSO 4 -NaCl (n=20). Assessment of groundwater samples from various parameters indicates that groundwater in most part of the study area is chemically not suitable for drinking purpose. Evaluation of the quality of the groundwater for irrigation purposes based on Salinity, TDS, SAR, RSC, HCO 3 , Kelley's Ratio, MR, % Na, chloride hazard and PI values indicate that the groundwater of the study area is largely suitable for agricultural purposes.


Cross-modal retrieval based on hashing has attracted much attention for its low storage cost and fast query speed. Most cross-modal hashing methods arbitrarily embed the heterogeneous features into a common Hamming space, which is unsuitable for many real-world applications and makes the search results unsatisfactory. In this paper, we propose a novel cross-modal hashing method, which embeds heterogeneous features into their respective Hamming spaces. The proposed method has two advantages: 1) reconstructive embedding in each individual modality represented by matrix decomposition is performed to enhance the discriminative ability of the binary codes; 2) the correlations between different modalities are maximized by joint coupled-hashing representation. Experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate that our method gains better retrieval performance than several state-of-the-art approaches.


By surveying and summarying of subgrade connecting key technology on freeway extension engineering of Hu - Ning and Shen - Da expressway, it analyzed technology measure and effect of the subgrade connecting technology, and presents reference and information to other highway extension construction.


Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of interferon in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on proliferation and differentiation of ATRA-resistent APL cell. Methods:After MR2 cells (ATRA-resistance cell line) were treated with IFN-α, IFN-γand ATRA alone or IFN-αand IFN-γin combination with ATRA respectively. The cell proliferation was tested by MTT test and the cell differentiation was tested through light microscope by NBT test and flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of promyelocytic leukemia ( PML) protein was observed by indirect immune fluorescent method. Results: Both IFN-αand IFN-γcould inhibit the proliferation and induce the differentiation of MR2 cells to some extent. The effects were more obvious after both interferons in combination with ATRA respectively (P0. 05). Moreover, the maturation of MR2 cells induced by IFN-γ+ ATRA group was more higher than that by IFN-α+ ATRA group (P0. 05). Both interferons could induce the expressions of PML protein. Conclusion:Both interferons can inhibit MR2 cells proliferation, which may be related to the expression of PML protein induced by both interferons. The inducing differentiation effects of IFN-γ+ ATRA group on MR2 cells are more powerful than those of IFN-α+ATRA group, which may be related to the different signal transduction pathway of both interferons.


This book is based on the author's period as Conference Board of Canada Scholar in Residence, which culminated in a public lecture. The lecture, suitably written up, forms the core of the book, which ends with the text of the comments from notable panellists invited to make their observations and ask questions arising from the lecture. The core of the book, which reports on the findings of a large research programme on creative and innovative industry in Canadian city regions, is clearly articulated in the book's foreword by Anne Golden, President & CEO of the Conference Board, as follows. In strategizing city-region growth "Should reliance be placed on urban specialisation—as Harvard professor Michael Porter claims? . . . Or should we trust in diversity—as the late urban expert Jane Jacobs believed?" Readers of this journal will be familiar with this hot theoretical topic, which focuses on many urban economic concepts ranging from the hoary old "localization" versus "urban" externalities dichotomy to the more recent literature on "knowledge spillovers", "absorptive capacity" and "path dependence". For a time economists, especially, favoured the "view" (MAR) of an imagined if improbable power alliance involving the long-dead Alfred Marshall, the happily still alive Kenneth Arrow and Paul Romer, the younger progenitor of the "neoclassical endogenous growth theory" that once helped make the pronouncements of UK Prime Minister Brown somewhat risible even when he was chancellor. This "view" is the line from which spring Porter and another Harvard urban economist Ed Glaeser. Porter, of course, espouses "clusters" while Glaeser claims, despite much evidence to the contrary, that specialized labour markets promote most urban growth. Against these eminent names stood, for many decades, Jane Jacobs, the lone advocate of the view that variety was the superior condition for urban prosperity and that large cities supplied precisely that quality. Hence, we got the juxtaposition of MAR spillovers (or externalities) and Jacobian ones for a period which saw a great rise in publications of articles on the topic, mainly in the first decade of this millennium. More recently, some relief has been brought from empirical research by evolutionary economic geographers, many of whom made contributions to this journal, showing that urban growth was stronger in localities with "related variety" in their economies. This, of course, appears to vindicate Jacobs as well as fitting well with ideas about networks, interactive learning and innovation more generally. Contrariwise, relatively little is heard nowadays about the virtues of specialization, especially over-specialization in the kind of financial innovations that brought the global economy to its knees 2007–2009. European Planning Studies Vol. 18, No. 10, October 2010


The effect of organosolv pretreatment was investigated using a 30 L bench-scale ball mill reactor that was capable of simultaneously performing physical and chemical pretreatment. Various reaction conditions were tried in order to discover the optimal conditions for the minimal cellulose loss and enhanced enzymatic digestibility of Miscanthus × giganteus (MG), with conditions varying from room temperature to 170 °C for reaction temperature, from 30 to 120 min of reaction time, from 30% to 60% ethanol concentration, and a liquid/solid ratio (L/S) of 10–20 under non-catalyst conditions. The pretreatment effects were evaluated by chemical compositional analysis, enzymatic digestibility test and X-ray diffraction of the treated samples. The pretreatment conditions for the highest glucan digestibility yield were determined as 170 °C, reaction time of 90 min, ethanol concentration of 40% and L/S = 10. With these pretreatment conditions, the XMG (xylan + mannan + galactan) fractionation yield and delignification were 84.4% and 53.2%, respectively. The glucan digestibility of treated MG after the aforementioned pretreatment conditions was 86.0% with 15 filter paper units (FPU) of cellulase (Cellic® CTec2) per g-glucan enzyme loading.


Species of six genera Badhamia, Craterium, Fuligo, Leocarpus, Physarella, and Willkommlangea (Physaraceae) reported from Taiwan are critically revised. Two new records, Craterium concinnum and Leocarpus fragilis and an unknown species of Craterium are described and illustrated in this paper. Keys to the species of Badhamia, Craterium, and Fuligo, and a key to the genera of Physaraceae from Taiwan are also provided.


In this paper,a perturbation theorem,which generalizes the perturbation results in [6,7]is proven.Unded the condition for one rank perturbation,a necessary and sufficient con-dition for A.G.Ramm's result [4] to hold is given.


1Introduction Kermanshah city, with a population of about 766700 persons in 1385, produces 500 to 600 tons of waste per day. These rubbishes are accumulated on North Slope of Sefidkuh at a distance of about 10 kilometers from south of the city. Environmental pollution, water pollution in Qanbar spring and costly process of garbage transportation on the account of remote distance to northern part of city are some of the main reasons of inappropriate locating. Such problems cause hygienic solid waste landfill to be paid attention to by municipal managers. Choosing a suitable place is one of the most important matters for this purpose. The present research seeks to locate a better place for hygienic waste landfill in Kermanshah using GIS and considering the regional geomorphologic features.


Many firms throughout Japan and around the world have come to realize that family planning is good for employee morale and company profits. Japanese and Indian efforts prove that family planning programs not only bring welfare benefits to workers, but commercial advantages to businesses. Because workers' family welfare is closely linked to labor welfare and productivity, the trade union movement has started to become active in promoting family planning activities. Factory-based family planning programs have often cut pregnancy rates in half. Godrej Enterprises of India started promoting family planning in 1957; it provides a model of how family planning has been incorporated into a comprehensive employee welfare system in a factory complex on the outskirts of Bombay, where about 1/2 the workers live in high-rise apartments in the company township of Pirojsha Nagar. Similar programs are presented in India, Thailand, Indonesia, Jamaica, Guatemala, Colombia, Korea, and Turkey. Limiting family size enriches workers' lives and improves the quality of the workforce. The International Labor Organization, through its Workers' Education Program on Population, has played an important role in stimulating industrial sector interest in family planning throughout the world.


Previous studies show that some soil moisture products have a good agreement with in situ measurements on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, the soil moisture response to precipitation variability in different products is yet to be assessed. In this study, we focus on the soil moisture response to precipitation variability across weekly to decadal time scales in satellite observations and reanalyses. The response of soil moisture to precipitation variability differs between products, with large uncertainties observed for variations in weekly-accumulated precipitation. Using June 2009 as an example, weekly-mean anomalous soil moisture varies by up to 25% between products. Across decadal timescales, soil moisture trends vary spatially and across different products. In light of the soil moisture response to precipitation at different timescales, we conclude that remote sensing products developed as part of the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Water Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy and Soil Moisture Climate Change Initiative projects (CCI) are the most reliable, followed by the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) dataset. Even products that strongly agree with in situ observations on daily timescales, such as the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) show inconsistent soil moisture responses to decadal precipitation trends. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECWMF) reanalysis products have a relatively poor agreement with in situ observations compared to satellite observations and land-only reanalysis datasets. Unsurprisingly, products which show a consistent soil moisture response to precipitation variability are those mostly aligned to observations or describe the physical relationship between soil moisture and precipitation well.


The research into transformation development of newly-built colleges and universities is conducted with the popularization of the higher education as a logical starting point, which raises the question of "two transformations" in the process of the popularization of the higher education and considers that "newly-build period", "locality" and "application" are fundamental characteristics of newly-built undergraduate colleges and universities, that the new college spirit, new quality standards and the new education mode is the essence of newly-built undergraduate colleges and universities, that the creation of brand application-oriented colleges and universities are the goal of their transformation development, that the construction of entrepreneurial colleges and universities are their idea and the choice of mode of transformation development and that the promotion of connotation is the theme of transformation development of newly-built undergraduate colleges and universities.


A forum for the critical inquiry of the visual arts in the early modern world, Visual Culture in Early Modernity promotes new models of inquiry and new narratives of early modern art and its history. We welcome proposals for both monographs and essay collections which consider the cultural production and reception of images and objects. The range of topics covered in this series includes, but is not limited to, painting, sculpture and architecture as well as material objects, such as domestic furnishings, religious and/or ritual accessories, costume, scientific/medical apparata, erotica, ephemera and printed matter. We seek innovative investigations of western and non-western visual culture produced between 1400 and 1800. Sex Acts in Early Modern Italy


This paper introduce implementation of distributed data acquisition system based on CAN-bus communication; The paper describe PIC16F877 control on MCP2510 through mode SPI, in company with PC mated intelligent adapter to implement CAN communication; and explicate the CAN controller PIC16F877; The paper gives system general principle chart , part of hardware circuit, and gives software design method; The system work real - time and has high - reliability.


Constitutive modelling for engineering materials is a great concern for the numerical modelling of engineering structures. In the last four decades, the constitutive modelling has evolved considerably. Starting from pioneering work by Druker and Prager [1952], various improvements, extensions and alternative constitutive models have been proposed. As materials often are subjected to repetitive loading during their service load such as wind load, earthquake load, moving traffic load etc. it is very essential for a complete model to simulate the cyclic behaviour of the material accurately like the monotonic one. In this regard, several cyclic constitutive model have been proposed within the framework of the classical plasticity theory such as Prager [1956], Armstrong and Frederick [1966], Mroz [1967], Dafaslias and Popov [1975, 1976], Chaboche and his coworkers [1979, 1986], Ohno and Wang [1993], Hossain, Siddiquee and Tatsuoka [2005] etc. All of these models have the ability to simulate the cyclic stress-strain behaviour of various materials with some limitations of their own. In this research work an attempt is made to develop a robust cyclic constitutive model within the framework of the theory of plasticity. To construct a generalized constitutive model for both the pressure independent and dependent materials, a general framework for the cyclic modelling has been proposed. In this framework a nonlinear kinematic hardening rule is derived from the concept of the instantaneous slope of the stress-strain relationship. For this purpose a proportional rule and a drag rule is formulated. By using the proportional rule, the modified Masing's rule is fulfilled which has been observed for many materials. Using the drag rule, the overshooting or the undershooting of the stressstrain relationship can be modelled. A nonlinear stress-strain relationship is indispensable to develop a constitutive model. Often a simple hyperbolic equation (Konder, R.L. [1963]) is used. In the present research a nonlinear stress-strain relationship is proposed which is simple but fulfils all the necessary requirements. Using this equation the instantaneous slope is calculated. By using this instantaneous slope for kinematic hardening rule, models for both the pressure independent and dependent materials have been developed. The Von-Mises and Druker-Prager yield functions are used for pressure independent and pressure dependent materials respectively. Then an associative flow rule is adopted for the pressure independent material and a stressdilatancy rule proposed by Tatsuoka et. al. [2003] is used with some modification for pressure dependent material. For the integration of the of the incremental stress-strain relationships, several integration algorithms are available. In the present work, Return Mapping algorithm is used (Ortiz and Popov [1985], Simo and Taylor [1986] and Ortiz and Simo [1986]). Finally, for the nonlinear solution of the finite element analysis Dynamic Relaxation technique is used. To verify the model, a single four node quadrilateral element is chosen with single gauss point integration for plane strain simulation. Masuda et. al. [1999] performed a series of plane strain cyclic loading tests on Toyoura sand. In this research, an attempt is made to simulate the cyclic plane strain behavior of Toyoura sand and the results have been found quite reasonable. The proposed model can be applicable for any type of structural as well as soil-structure interaction problems.


ABSTRACT Union-community coalitions are an increasingly frequent phenomenon in the industrial landscape. In 2005, 'There is Power in a Coalition' sought to build a typology to understand various kinds of coalitions and define their different features. This article reviews that typology then applies it to the Sydney Alliance. The Sydney Alliance is a broad-based coalition of religious organisations, unions and community organisations that uses community organising to make Sydney a better place for everybody. It has included up to eleven unions at its peak and is an example of a Deep Coalition. The article combines the typology and the practices of the Sydney Alliance to build a more complex and detailed understanding of how Deep Coalitions work and what is likely to make them successful.


Objective To observe the protective effect of Fugan peptide(FGP), an oral preparation mainly consisting of newborn calf liver active peptide, on carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury. Methods Establish rat model of carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury, and observe the effect of FGP on the erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, the hematochrome, ALT, AST, total protein(TP)and albumin(ALB)levels, as well as the ratio of albumin to globulin(A/G)of model rats. Results As compared with those untreated, the A/G of model rats treated with FGP at 3 dosages increased significantly, and the pathological lesion of liver tissue decreased significantly. However, the ALT and AST levels of model rats treated with FGP at a high dosage decreased significahtly. Conclusion FGP showed significantly protective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury.


According to the three months′ investigation of the city′s image communication of Kunming,the fame as the "City of Eternal Spring" has been ageing.Maybe it is not only a tourist city but a new city based on culture industry.To enhance culture competitiveness and build a totally new image,Kunming needs to change from the past one-way communication to the integrated communication.


Detecting iceberg calving events and subsequently tracking their movement is important because large icebergs can create problem in shipping and navigation. This study discusses two calving events that took place at 1) Amery ice shelf (East Antarctica) in September 2019 and 2) Pine Island Glacier’s floating ice shelf (West Antarctica) in February 2020. Though the calving that occurred in September 2019 does not have any impact on climate change, it is considered to be the most significant calving event on Amery ice shelf since 1963-64. The gigantic tabular iceberg officially named D-28 measures more than 600 square-miles. On the other hand, Pine Island is considered as the fastest retreating glaciers in Antarctica. This calving event gave rise to smaller icebergs, the largest of which was 120 square-miles, big enough to earn it a name: B-49. Though ice calving is a normal phenomenon at the ice shelves, the front of the glacier is stable if the rate of calving is in synchronization with the glacier’s forward flow. But, at Pine Island, the rate of disintegration has increased more than the glacier's speed to push the inland ice into Pine Island Bay. On-screen digitization approach of analysing time series dataset of glacier front positions is conventional, time consuming and subjective. To track the movement of icebergs D-28 and B-49, present study has detected rifts using canny edge detection filter and textural measures. We have utilized the Sentinel 1A SAR C-band (GRD) EW mode (Resolution (Rg x Az): 93 x 87 m and pixel spacing 40 x 40 m) images pertaining to the Amery ice shelf for Sep 2020-Mar 2020 and Pine Island Glacier with Pine Island Bay for Dec 2019-Mar 2020. All the images were processed for calibration (sigma0), speckle filtering (refined Lee), terrain correction (Range Doppler) and dB conversion using SNAP tool. Terrain correction has been performed using RAMP v2 DEM (200 m) and all the images have been projected to WGS 84/Antarctic Polar Stereographic projection and converted into dB. Through image interpretation, it is revealed that as of Mar 2020, iceberg D-28 has rotated almost 90 degrees anti-clockwise and drifted slightly northward away from Cape Darnley. In case of iceberg B-49, it is observed that the western portion of the calved ice, including the largest iceberg, has rapidly rotated out into Pine Island Bay, whereas the eastern half, including many smaller shards of ice, is following in similar fashion.


A SNAP program (7420) proposed by David Golimowski (JHU) and Todd Henry (CfA) is underway to search for companions to nearby stars using NICMOS 2 (f/45, 0. ′′076/pix). Wellto over-exposed star images are obtained at the center of the detector in four filters: F110W, F180M, F207M, and F222M. The stars are typically saturated to allow for the detection of faint companions. The point spread function (PSF) often fills the entire field of view, with diffraction rings visible out to a radius of 10′′. The program was designed with the expectation that a large number of the stars would not have any companions or material around them, making them suitable for use as reference PSFs to subtract from other star images. The reference PSF would be shifted and intensity scaled to provide the best subtraction. In addition to the possible discoveries of companions, the high signal-to-noise structures in the wings of these PSFs have provided new, unexpected information on the optical characteristics of the NICMOS 2 camera which cannot be obtained from the current PSF monitoring program.


Abstract This paper analyses a Waring type decomposition of a noncommuting (NC) polynomial p with respect to the goal of evaluating p efficiently on tuples of matrices. Such a decomposition can reduce the number of matrix multiplications needed to evaluate a noncommutative polynomial and is valuable when a single polynomial must be evaluated on many matrix tuples. In pursuit of this goal we examine a noncommutative analog of the classical Waring problem and various related decompositions. For example, we consider a "Waring decomposition" in which each product of linear terms is actually a power of a single linear NC polynomial or more generally a power of a homogeneous NC polynomial. We describe how NC polynomials compare to commutative ones with regard to these decompositions, describe a method for computing the NC decompositions and compare the effect of various decompositions on the speed of evaluation of generic NC polynomials.


Purpose: Suppressor T cells are one of the determinants of colorectal cancer (CRC) clinical outcome. LAPþCD4þ T cell is a recently identified subset of suppressor T cells. This study was designed to investigate their clinical relevance in patients with CRC. Experimental Design: Sixty patients with CRC and 24 healthy donors (HD) were enrolled in this study. The percentages of LAPþCD4þ T cells in peripheral blood and tumor tissue were measured. The phenotype and functional relevance of LAPþCD4þ T cells were analyzed subsequently. Results: The percentages of LAPþCD4þT cells in peripheral bloodof patients withCRCwere significantly higher than HD (HD vs. CRC: 3.1% 0.78% vs. 8.8% 5.8%, P < 0.0001) and in tumor tissue when compared with nontumor tissue (nontumor vs. tumor: 3.2% 1.1% vs. 9.5% 5.5%, P 1⁄4 0.0002). In addition, LAPþCD4þ T cells with effector memory (EM) phenotype were more likely to accumulate in the tumor sites than in peripheral blood. These LAPþCD4þ T cells produced significantly higher levels of IFN-g , IL-17 and comparatively lower IL-2 and very few IL-10. LAPþCD4þT cells could suppress the proliferationof LAP CD4þ T cells that were partially mediated by TGF-b. Furthermore, these LAPþCD4þ T cells accumulated in tumor site and increased further in the peripheral blood in patients with metastasis. Conclusions: LAPþCD4þ T cells as a suppressor subset could accumulate in the tumor microenvironment and circulatedmore in the peripheral bloodwith tumor progression in patients with CRC.Clin Cancer Res; 18(19); 1–10. 2012 AACR.


A living‐donor (adult) kidney transplantation in young children requires an increased cardiac output to maintain adequate perfusion of the relatively large kidney. To achieve this, protocols commonly advise liberal fluid administration guided by high target central venous pressure. Such therapy may lead to good renal outcomes, but the risk of tissue edema is substantial.


The affinity chromatographic characteristics of some chemically modified copolymers based on glycidyl methacrylate have been evaluated. The copolymers were modified by means of reaction of suitable ligands with epoxy groups. Purification of pencillin acylase was carried out using these matrices as the stationary phase in the chromatographic column. Effect of the nature of the ligands and pH on the binding and desorption efficiency of the enzyme was evaluated.


A driving monitoring method, which comprises: monitoring real-time information when a user drives (101); and comparing the monitored real-time information with stored driving reference information, and determining according to the comparison result whether to initiate a prompt (102). Also provided is a driving monitoring device, which comprises a monitoring module (72) and an information processing module (73).


IFRS adoption in India has been a burning issue since the announcement made by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. IFRS has its own pros and cons, and leaving local standards and adopting international standards requires knowledge and expertise. Therefore, this paper tries to find out, both with the help of primary and secondary data analyses, what a corporate report will look like after adoption and what will be the impact of IFRS on key ratio. And to support these analyses, a questionnaire survey was also been conducted. Synchronizing accounting standards across the globe is an ongoing process in the international accounting community. The aim is to understand the implications of applying IFRS in India and how it is accepted by the corporate in India.


This article encompasses the technology S-curve that describes the phenomenon of technological evolution and suggests that technologies evolve through an initial period of slow growth, followed by one of fast growth culminating in a plateau. The field does not enjoy a single, strong, and unified theory of technological evolution. However, an emerging, and probably the most compelling explanation, revolves around the dynamics of firms and researchers as the technology evolves through the three major stages of the S-curve of technological evolution: introduction, growth, and maturity. Recent empirical findings suggest there is sparse support for the theory. In contrast to the dominant view in the literature, the path of technological evolution does not resemble an S-curve. On the contrary, the path of technological evolution follow a series of irregular step functions better approximated with multiple S-curves than with a single S-curve.

Keywords:

technological evolution;
S-curves;
radical innovation;
self-fulfilling prophecy;
innovation


Opportunities for gathering vital information on cancer, heart disease, and other complicated diseases via clinical models are missed despite the at least 70 million pet dogs and 74 million pet cats in the United States alone that experience these very illnesses. This article presents a general discussion on the current state and hindrances to comparative medicine.


A field investigation was conducted during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study the effect of tillage, nutrient levels and foliar sprays on yield and nutrient uptake of redgram on sandy loam soil which was low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and available potassium. The research was conducted in a split-split plot design, consisting of three tillage practices in main plots, three nutrient levels in sub-plots and three foliar sprays in sub-sub plots. Higher seed yield and nutrient uptake of redgram was recorded with vertical tillage with subsoiler upto 60 cm deep at 1 m interval with application of 125 % RDF and with foliar application of KNO3 1 % twice with 15 days interval at 50 per cent  flowering stage.