In ad-hoc wireless network, each node acts as a mobile router, equipped with a wireless transmitter / receiver, which is free to move about arbitrarily. In this configuration, even if two nodes are outside the wireless transmission range of each other, they can still be able to communicate with each other in multiple hops. However, the dynamics of these networks as a consequence of mobility and disconnection of mobile hosts pose a number of problems in designing routing schemes for effective communication between any source and destination. Thus, even off-line communication between source and destination (e-mail, for example) would be inefficient, if not impossible, in a large ad hoc network structure. This paper introduces a scheme using mobile agent to address this issue. Mobile agent in this context would act as a messenger that would migrate from a source and carry the message from a source to a destination. A mobile agent can migrate off a source node with a message and navigate autonomously throughout the network to find out the destination in order to deliver this message. From the performance evaluation, it has been concluded that the proposed scheme consumes much less network resource compared to other routing schemes proposed in the context of highly dynamic large ad hoc network.


In this paper, we propose to present a teaching approach based on an investigation process. This approach entitled teaching by Prevision, Confrontation, Discussion and Resolution (PCDR). We then had trained a novice teacher in the Inquiry-based activity and we provide through a full educational scenario for him. We have subsequently observed the teacher applying the new approach on simulation of mechanical waves in the secondary science class. The analysis of this session is part of the theory of joint action in didactics (JATD); the methodology adopted is based on analysis of the descriptors at the situations and their implementations. The descriptors are epistemic games, learning games, didactic contract and didactic setting.


The sharp bound for the third Hankel determinant for the coefficients of the inverse function of convex functions is obtained, thus answering a recent conjecture concerning invariance of coefficient functionals for convex functions.


Ronald Cueto died on 22 September 2006 in Segovia. With his death Spanish historical studies lost an outstanding scholar, but one whose memory and influence will endure in the lives and work of his many friends and disciples who accompanied him in a lifetime devoted to writing, teaching, and helping others. Several of these friends have contributed information and insights for this Memoir. Ronald Cueto was born in 1932 in Cumbria, to Spanish parents. A sense of dual identity marked the whole of his life. He won an Exhibition from Workington Grammar School to read History at St Catherine's College, Cambridge. Graduating in 1954, he taught for several years in Santander, before embarking upon research at the Universidad Complutense, Madrid, under the direction of Manuel Ballesteros. On the award of his doctorate in 1962, he returned to the United Kingdom to take up a teaching post at Bromsgrove College, and from there went on to become in 1966 the founding Head of the Spanish department at what was to become Trinity and All Saints' College, latterly a College of the University of Leeds. In 1974 he was enticed to a lectureship at the University of Leeds, where he remained until his retirement in 1997. In recognition of his outstanding scholarship, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, and was promoted by the University to a Readership in Spanish History in 1986. Ronald Cueto was an inspired and inspiring teacher. A colleague who worked with him at Trinity and All Saints described the Department as 'the most intellectually exciting environment I have ever worked in'. Ronald created a demanding curriculum in the College, encouraging his staff, in an era free of the straightjacket of the worst excesses of quality assurance, to teach what they liked and how they liked. To engage, enthuse and stretch students was what mattered above all. The rigour of the course and the quality of the teaching made the College a centre of excellence for those seeking to teach Spanish as a career. Ronald's pivotal role, together with that of his friend, Fr Michael Williams, in shaping the future and ethos of the College, is given visual representation in Ronald's sculpted head, the work of the Segovian artist Moro, to be found in the Lady Chapel of the College Church. At the University of Leeds, cohort after cohort of students similarly


ABSTRACT Knowledge generated in university laboratories is a crucial resource for enhancing the research performance of universities, the very site for scientific discoveries and technological innovation. Since knowledge is created through interpersonal interactions, the demographic composition of university laboratories is critically linked to knowledge creation by individual researchers and the management of such knowledge creation processes. This research examines the demographic faultlines within university laboratories representing the compositional diversity of laboratory members and their impacts on knowledge creation within the laboratory setting. In particular, we designed a cross-level analysis to examine the relationship between team-level demographic faultlines in university laboratories and individual-level members' creation of explicit and tacit knowledge. Our results based on a sample of 300 members from 46 labs at a research-oriented university reveal complex relationships among demographic composition, type of knowledge created through laboratory interactions, and other factors. It turns out that demographic faultlines are negatively related to individual explicit knowledge, whereas they show an inverted U-shaped relationship with individual tacit knowledge. Our findings suggest much more contextual impacts of the configuration of laboratory members on individual knowledge creation in university laboratories than studied so far.


As of today, quinine plants are still found in the Bukit Unggul Plantation, Bandung Regency, which is part of PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII. Quinine is processed in the processing plant located in Bukit Unggul. In general, people have known quinine as an anti-malarial drug in which the ingredients were taken from the bark of the quinine tree trunk, afterward it becomes waste. In the past, quinine waste was used as firewood and building material for offices, factories, and homes for plantation worker. In its development, there were those who use quinine waste to make furniture to meet their own needs. The results showed that the previous idea of using quinine waste inspired people in the future to utilize and develop quinine waste into furniture, in a sense of worth-selling furniture. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the utilization of quinine waste in the past and its development. This is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection was carried out using interview, observation, and documentation studies. The conclusion of the study is that the discourse about quinine became widespread, not only limited to medicine, but also building materials and crafts.


For domesticated cultivars, a similar notation was provided by Simmonds and Shepherd (1955). This was modified by Singh and Uma (2000). Use of this system for cultivars enables determination of ploidy and the genome dosage from each of the wild parental species, acuminata and balbisiana. Thus, cultivars are determined as AA, AAA, AAB, ABB, BB and BBB. Using this characterization method, the author has analysed 70 wild and cultivar accessions.


The enterprise payment mechanism in China's current unemployment insurance system has obvious defect. Through constructing and analyzing the unemployment insurance fee collection game model between government and enterprise and enterprise pay unemployment insurance complete and imperfect information dynamic game model,the government should actively explore the unemployment insurance system innovation,develop better thereby function.


Evolutionary algorithms have been extensively explored and applied in optimization problems. They allow work with multiple solutions simultaneously, with multimodal functions and dynamic problems, and do not require additional information. Several algorithms have been developed over the years for this task. Yet special attention is needed in the area of increasing the convergence speed of evolutionary algorithms. This study is aimed at developing a framework capable of addressing this new line of research in the field of evolutionary computation. We used the Gaussian Mixture Model to do a local search, and generated a new population through the use of Variational Inference. To implement the proposed framework (GMM-Local Search), NSDE both static and dynamic with multiple objectives were used as basic algorithms. Experiments were performed with different test functions for static and dynamic multi-objective optimization problems. The comparison of the algorithms using the proposed framework with the basic algorithms are presented here, thus evidencing that an improvement in the convergence can be achieved.


The conventional method of resources surveying has deficiency on data management obviously.We attempted to develop a new method on resources surveying in wild medicinal plants by GIS (Geographic Information System).The collection,management and utilization of the surveying data were carried out with geographic information system in the surveying wild medicinal plants.


The central question Smith in her article "House Price Dynamics; a Behavioural Economy?" and Marsh & Gibb in their article "Uncertainty, Expectations and Behavioural Aspects of Housing Market Choices" try to answer is whether other disciplines, and more specifically behavioural economics, can clarify and help to understand housing market dynamics. In this framework, Smith is mainly focusing on the dynamics of house prices, whereas Marsh & Gibb are not only focusing on house prices but on a broader spectrum of housing characteristics and more particular on residential mobility. Both sets of authors are not satisfied with the results of the standard economic theory of decision making, which is based on maximizing the utility. More precisely, they both argue that housing market models in general, and price models specifically, are not satisfactory and that more psychological perspectives should be included to get a better understanding of the functioning of the housing market. To evaluate these statements, two questions could be raised: are the outcomes of housing market models indeed unsatisfactory, and can micro theory based on behavioural aspects improve the outcome of these models? Because house price models play an important role in both articles, I will concentrate on this type of economic modelling. As many textbooks about the housing market underpin, the housing market can be characterized as an imperfect market. The lack of information, the complexity of the product, the long production time, the high investment costs and the site specificity are some important reasons for this statement. Furthermore, when government and institutions intervene, the outcomes will be even more difficult to predict. When we take the case of a highly liberalized housing market where supply and demand


France has established itself as one of the most 'generous' welfare states in the world. The Great Recession of 2007–8 confronted French social policy with escalating unemployment and deepening inequalities. Combined with major pension reforms, these led to strong levels of dissatisfaction across the country, exacerbated by tensions over immigration, Euroscepticism, and internal security problems. This chapter examines how these issues developed in political context and uses material from attitude surveys to analyse existing and future challenges for the welfare state in France. It assesses recent reforms: governments of right and left offered contrasting programmes but failed to win public trust. France now stands at a cross-roads, facing a strong presidential challenge from the anti-immigrant, anti-EU right.


The antimicrobial properties of Chinese Gallotannins were reviewed in this paper.The bacteria were the common food spoilage and foodborne pathogens.The minimal inhibitory concentration was measured through the two-fold agar dilution method,and the antimicrobial properties were screened by oxford cup.The modification on strain morphology of Escherichia coli was investigated by scanning electron microscope.Results showed that Chinese Gallotannins could inhibit every tested pathogens,especially against Escherichia coli with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.25mg/mL.Observation under scanning electron microscope revealed that the Escherichia coli depressed obviously.


Unmanned air systems (UASs) are playing increasingly prominent roles in defense programs and defense strategy around the world. Technology advancements have enabled the development of large UASs and the creation of smaller, increasingly capable UASs. As recent conflicts have demonstrated, there are numerous military applications for UASs including reconnaissance, surveillance, battle damage assessment, and communications relays. Civil and commercial applications are not as well developed, although potential applications are extremely broad in scope. Possible applications for UAS technology include environmental monitoring, forest fire monitoring, homeland security, border patrol, drug interdiction, aerial surveillance and mapping, traffic monitoring, precision agriculture, disaster relief, ad-hoc communications networks, and rural search and rescue. For many of these applications to develop into maturity, the reliability of UASs will need to increase, their capabilities will need to be extended further, their ease of use will need to be improved, and their cost will have to come down. In addition to these technical and economic challenges, the regulatory challenge of integrating UASs into the national and international air space needs to be overcome. In this paper the fusion between the data derived from the magnetometer, rate-gyro, accelerometer, pitot tube, pressure and the global positioning system (GPS) is integrated in one system using an extended kalman filter (EKF) which uses a linear error model to estimate the errors in the states for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to enhance its performances. The proposed system introduces a robust navigation for UAVs flight dynamics with decrease the faults in operational environment.


The traditional droop control strategy has been applied previously in microgrids (MGs) to share accurately the active power. However, in some cases the result obtained when sharing reactive power is not the best, because of the parameters related to the distances from distributed generators (DGs) to the loads and the power variations. Therefore, this paper proposes a reactive power control strategy for a low voltage MG, where the unequal impedance related to the distances between generators and loads requires adjustments to work with the conventional frequency and voltage droop methods. Thus, an additional coefficient is calculated from parameters of the network that relate the location of elements. The test is perfomed by simulations in the MATLAB-Simulink software, considering a three-node MG with three DGs and a load that can change power at different periods of time. The results show that it is possible to improve reactive power sharing between the DGs located in the MG according to the load changes simulated and to improve voltages with this method.


This chapter shows that Homeric language includes several discourse markers. It presents the notion of discourse markers to the idea of Homeric poetry as discourse. The extensive role of memory in Homeric performances ranges from the ultimate source of the matter that is going to be told to the cognitive scripts that guide the performer as he unfolds the narrative sequence of events. The chapter summarizes different aspects of Homeric reception that better introduces the central thesis, in which the narrative function of some Homeric discourse markers corresponds to a visual function as well. The analysis presented in the chapter leads to more general considerations regarding Homeric diction and Homeric discourse. The so-called Homeric particles arguably work at the pragmatic level of communication. Finally, the chapter considers that the memory constraints in visualization and the "cinema in the mind". Keywords: cognitive scripts; Homeric discourse markers; Homeric language; spatial memory; visualization


A subset of a discrete group G is called completely Sidon if its span in C ∗ ( G ) is completely isomorphic to the operator space version of the space ℓ 1 (i.e


ABSTRACT A microbicide combining the lipid-ether 1-0-octyl-sn-glycerol (OG; 3 mM) and peptide D2A21 (9 μM) reduced herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 titers by at least 1,000-fold, more than the sum of the inactivations produced by OG and D2A21 alone. OG plus D2A21 reduced HSV-1 and HSV-2 titers by ≥1,000-fold in ≤10 and ≤20 min, respectively, whereas OG and D2A21 used alone produced almost no virus inactivation during these times.


This course will be an exploration of various art styles and movements beginning with Paleolithic and ending with French Gothic Cathedrals. We will focus on artistic creativity, technique, use of new materials within the areas of painting, architecture, and sculpture. To better understand the art work historical background as well as other influences will be reviewed. The class will leave the student with the ability to make strong comparisons of art work within this time span. There will be an understanding of outside influences such as the church, various new philosophies such as Humanism, and how it affects not only subjects pursued by the artist, but thought process that goes beyond subject involving critical thinking. This class will present a better understanding of the evolution of art. The course format will use Learning Module Folders. Each week presentations will be given by the instructor on-line using our book as a guideline. There will be visuals of various art work covered and discussions revolving around the images. Assignments will be given weekly in the form of identification, vocabulary, and essay type questions that relate to the work covered. Students will have the opportunity to be involved in chat rooms to be able to interact with each other on various topics of discussion given. Students will be given quizzes, exams, and be required to write short papers. Students are requested to check their assignments weekly for new course material. Students must read and review course material on the days it is submitted. The text will be used in addition to online material and reading assignments will be part of the class.


The sulphuric acid thermal decomposition process has two reaction steps. The sulphuric acid is first decomposed to sulphur trioxide and water. Equilibrium composition calculations for this first step show that very high yields of SO3 are achieved at 600°C and 1 bar from a pure H2SO4 feed. Sulphur trioxide then further decomposes to sulphur dioxide and oxygen. The equilibrium position for SO3 decomposition is such that temperatures higher than 600°C are required for high yields. From a pure H2SO4 feed at 1 bar, the SO2 yield is around 52% at 700°C and 87% at 900°C.


Nowadays, bio-plastic is the most popular in packaging field. Green chemistry and environmental responsibility has led it to develop the bio-plastic for use as packaging. Polylactic acid (PLA) is the well known staring material in this area. However, some properties of PLA films have to develop. Polymer blend is the interesting technique, in this work, PLA/Cellulose acetate (CA) blend films were prepare by casting solution at various compositions. Mixing solvent of Chloroform and acetone in acid condition were used, it was found that the mixing solvent can improved the compatibility and mechanical properties of the blend films. From this work CA can significantly increase PLA properties both the usefulness and the possible applications for bio-plastic material.


Augmented reality merges the real and virtual worlds seamlessly in real-time. However, we need contextual menus to manipulate virtual objects rendered in our physical space. Unfortunately, designing a menu for augmented reality head-mounted displays (AR-HMDs) is challenging because of their limited display field of view (FOV). In this paper, we propose HoloCMDS (see Section 2) to support quick access of contextual commands in AR-HMDs and conduct an initial experiment to get users' feedback about this technique.


Although economic theories predict a two-way relationship between innovation and exports, much of the empirical literature takes one of these as given. Using Australian microdata in a simultaneous equations framework, this paper shows that firm innovation and export behaviour are mutually driven processes. In both directions, the impact of product innovation is quantitatively larger than other forms of innovation. The paper also presents evidence of the self-selection of exporting firms into innovative activity, but not the other way around. Explicitly accounting for firm strategy and investment decisions, it is found that innovative and exporting activities are the products of distinct sets of strategies, and that business investment in worker training and information technology capital boosts the likelihood of innovation. JEL Codes: F1, F14 O3, O31, C53, L1, L80


This report discusses: Description of TDF and TDFLIB; Subroutine TDFRDR; Function SVBLU; Subroutine MXAVLU; Subroutine SPECLU; Subroutine TDMASS; Subroutine, Function and Common Block Names used in TDFLIB; Sample Coding and Output; and Software Availability.


The invention relates to a multi-stage amplitude modulation visible optical signal coding method and apparatus and decoding method and apparatus, and a system. The coding method comprises the following steps that: to-be-sent information is divided into a plurality of information units and each information unit include a plurality of bits; the plurality of information units are converted into a plurality of electrical signal units that are expressed by at least three levels, wherein an interval that is expressed by a first level among the at least three levels is arranged between each adjacent electrical signal units and the plurality of bits of the information unit corresponding to each electrical signal unit are expressed by the combination unit of the rest of levels among the at least three levels; all the electrical signal units are combined so as to obtain a coded electrical signal; and the coded electrical signal is sent in a visible optical signal mode.


Dazhuangzi gold deposit,occurred i n Jingshan group metamorphic rocks o n the margin of Jiaolai basin,is controlled by a low-angle slip fault zone-structural breccia marble zone,whi ch provides structural and physi-cal-chemical conditions for ore-fo rming processes.The isotopic geoch emistry research indicates that the sulfur isotopic compositions of Dazhuangzi gold dep osit are higher than those of other ty pical gold deposits of Jiaodong area.Theδ 34 S values of ore sulfur are generally greater than those of the old strata and granite in Mesozoic Era,reflecting that at-mosphere water circulation results in fractionation of sulfur isotope.The scope of lead isotope of Dazhuangzi gold deposit is wide,suggesting that the lead belong to anomalous lead.The compositions of carbon and oxygen isotopes fall in values between that of magma carbonate and marble.According to the data of sulfu r,lead,carbon and oxygen isotopes a nd fluid inclusions,it was indicated t hat the ore-forming matter is of multiple source.


The results,focused on the mechanism of the man-land relationship and the ecological ethics in the forest tourism,indicates that there lies a certain extent of contradictions between the forest development and the ecological environment protection as forests are the main body to maintain terrestrial ecosystem,while there exists some serious issues such as extensive development,similarity and singularity of the current forest tourism products,which fails to meet tourists'multifarious needs.In nature,it is a contradiction of man-land relationship.Thus the paper puts forwards an approach to the green development of sustainable forest tourism products with the guidance of three principles,namely combining tourism development with forest ecosystems conservation,forest ecological environment utilization with construction of ecological civilization,market orientation with market guidance.


The Navy's proposed FY2007 budget requests $2,568 million in partial procurement funding for the first two DDG-1000 destroyers. The House version of the FY2007 defense appropriations bill (H.R. 5631) recommends approving this requested funding to instead fully fund the procurement of one DDG-1000. For a longer discussion of the DDG-1000 and CG(X), see CRS Report FL32109, Navy DDG-1000 (DD(X)), CG(X), and LCS Ship Acquisition Programs: Oversight Issues and Options for Congress, by Ronald O'Rourke.


Xanthogranulomatosis (XG) is a granulomatous dermatitis defined as multiple xanthogranulomas. XG is a common non-Langerhans histiocytosis mainly observed in children (juvenile XG) and usually regresses over time. It was first described in adults in 1963 and consists of persistent lesions.1 The most frequent associations are hematologic disorders including monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS).2,3 To date, there are no guidelines for the treatment of XG. We hereby report two cases of XG successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG).


This paper presents a study on autonomous UAV traffic management. As the need for autonomous UAVs grows every year, there must be a system in place for controlling the vehicles. Modern methods of air traffic control may be found ineffective to cope with the expected density of vehicles. Research of UAV is snowballing, but methods of UAV traffic management (UTM) are yet to be kickstarted. There is no backbone of how the UTM system should be built, and as of now, the solutions solve the problems of today, ignoring the ever so growing need for autonomy. In this paper, the current state-of-the-art of UTM was described, including the problem statement and exposure of autonomous UTM (a-UTM) in the scientific literature. The main findings reveal that manufacturers of the UAV's are launching autonomous vehicles only in less developed airspaces, where due to lack of infrastructure benefits outweigh the risks. Developed airspaces without regulation and infrastructure to accommodate the autonomy are restricting any testing and trials of such systems. There is a demand for a scalable a-UTM solution for BVLOS and fully-autonomous flight control in developed airspace.


Breathing disorders are generally associated with the lung cancer disease. Through daily treatment, lung cancer patients often use a traditional spirometer to measure their lung capacity. However, the use of a spirometer device for accurate measurement requires some sort of training and adjustment, which may be inconvenient for certain groups of patients, especially the elderly. In addition, the spirometer readings can become unreliable if the measurements are not taken as instructed. On the other hand, a microphone, say the microphone on a hand-held device such as a smart-phone, can easily capture the acoustic signal of breath without certain instructions. This signal can then be processed to estimate the lung capacity. In this paper, we propose a methodology through the simply recorded acoustic signal of breath, splitting the breathing cycle to inhale, pause, exhale and pause phases to measure the depth of the breath along with the time duration and signal energy of the breathing phases. We show how these computed parameters are used to estimate the lung size with a high degree of accuracy. This work is part of a virtual reality platform embedded within a smart-phone to assist lung cancer patients regulate their breath. Furthermore, the lung capacity estimation methodology proposed in this paper can also be used to aid patients with other breathing disorders.


This chapter contains sections titled: An Electrostatic Problem An Infinite Array of Parallel Metallic Plates Application to Capacitive-Loaded Parallel-Plate Transmission Line Inductive Semidiaphragm in a Rectangular Guide Application to H -Plane Bifurcation Parallel-Plate Waveguide Bifurcation This chapter contains sections titled: References and Bibliography Problems


Introduction: Postpartum depression is one of the main problems in women's general health, which has a significant effect on the health of mother and child. Aim: The general purpose of this study was to compare the executive functions of problem solving and working memory in women with postpartum depression and women without postpartum depression. Method: The mothers that referred to Tabriz health centers in 1396, were those who came there 30-40 days after their delivery time. 35 people, who were selected by available sampling method and screened by responding to the postpartum depression questionnaire, were placed in two sample groups; 16 mothers with postpartum depression and 19 healthy mothers matching in terms of age and education. The measuring tools included: Computerized test of the Hanoi Tower for problem-solving and N-Back note test for measuring working memory. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results showed that in executive functions of problem solving and working memory both groups did weaker. It can be said that postpartum depression can create different conditions in terms of cognitive-neurological functions in individuals. Conclusion: Identifying and understanding these factors can lead to a variety of therapies, in addition to helping them better understanding the disorder.


Using the stimulated force exerted by counterpropagating picosecond laser pulses from a mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser we were able to focus a beam of laser-cooled cesium atoms along one dimension to about 57% of its original width in the detection zone. The force profile was measured outside and inside the overlap region of the pulses and found to be in agreement with an earlier theoretical prediction. A brief theoretical account of the interaction of atoms with pulsed laser light based on the optical Bloch equations is given.


One way to remedy the gap that evidently exists between the image element on the web and the web user who is visually blind is by redefining connection between the image and the abundant element of the web itself i.e. text. Studies on the exploitation are done largely related to the fields like the HCI, the semantic web, the information retrieval or even a new hybrid approach. However, often many see the problem from the perspective of the third party. This position paper posits that the problem can also be seen from the fundamental reasons for an image being on a web page without neglecting the connection that develops from the web user's perspective. Effective and appropriate image tagging may consider this view.


Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common, self-limited viral skin infection occurring in about 20% of healthy children. Resolution occurs within a few


The circlip (3) has a retaining portion having a front supporting portion (30) that is turned away from a machine portion (2). The retaining portion is protruded from an annular groove (10) with a supporting shoulder (31) facing the machine portion. The supporting shoulder is arranged in the cross-section region lying outside of the supporting portion such that the recess portion (32) is rotated in peripheral surface or inside of the circlip main portion along circumferential direction to round full cross section.


An investigation of the self-excitation of low frequency (100-600 Hz), longitudinal acoustic modes of a rearward-facing step combustor has been performed. As in combustion instabilities of air breathing propulsion systems, the pressure oscillations are excited by a fluctuating heat release from a flame that is stabilized in a recirculation zone. Flow visualization results and flame radiation intensity data reveal that large vortex structures are responsible for this fluctuating heat release. The vortices are shed at frequencies corresponding to longitudinal acoustic modes of the system or to the first subharmonic of one of the modes. A series of parametric studies were performed to determine the dependence of the vortex shedding frequency upon the step height, mean flow speed, fuel type, and equivalence ratio. It was discovered that the vortex shedding frequency can shift between modes as a result of changes in the chemical reaction time of the reactants or as a result of changes in the mixing process of the cold reactants with the hot products. Detailed investigations into the mechanism of sustenance of the oscillations during instability were performed for several operating conditions. The distribution of the combustion associated with vortex shedding was investigated by measuring the radiation intensity from the flame region. These results were used in Rayleigh's Criterion to determine regions of driving and damping of the oscillations. A one-dimensional linearized acoustic model is used to predict the natural modes of the system and a fluctuating volumetric source is used to model the oscillatory heat release. First, independent driving is applied to determine the system response to driving at different frequencies. One important result is that, the phase difference between the pressure oscillations and the velocity oscillations at the flameholder is very sensitive to the frequency of driving near natural modes of the system. Finally, a velocity-sensitive volumetric source with a time delay is included as feedback to determine the linear stability characteristics of the system. Various mechanisms leading to nonlinear limit cycle behavior are then discussed and compared to experimental data obtained during transition to instability.


The present invention relates to a novel manufacturing a novel composite material of railway sleepers, excellent physical and performance characteristics match or exceed rrts existing concrete. High availability, improved than the desired energy consumption and environmental impact of small carbon footprint large scale production in a manner suitable for the low-cost raw materials can be easily produced from the rrts of the present invention.


We experimentally demonstrate and elucidate by numerical simulations that breaking circular symmetry of large apertures of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) significantly enhances their emission properties by increasing the optical density of states. Specifically, deformed shapes of circular oxide apertures of VCSELs enhance stimulated emission and suppress undesired non-radiative recombination contributing to an increase in output optical output power of more than 60% and in quantum efficiency of more than 10%. Our example deformed VCSEL structures demonstrate that the optical density of states appears to be of high importance for conventional optoelectronic devices in accordance to the predictions of quantum electrodynamics theory.


1. "Law on Religion" is the study of both secular and religious law. It may be defined as the study of State law on religions and of the internal laws or other regulatory instruments of religious organisations. This legal discipline became well-established in the twentieth century, particularly in the United States and Europe. Scholars, primarily based in Law Schools, researched and taught the juridical form of particular religious groups (such as Islamic law, Canon law and Jewish law) and / or provisions in national and international law that affected religions. Furthermore, comparative analyses were employed to compare different religious legal systems and the ways in which different secular legal systems regulated religion. Although the subject-matter was distinctive, the method was not. For most of the time, scholars working in this field employed standard legal methodologies to understand legal texts. Invariably "law on religion" academics employed a "black letter" doctrinal approach focussing purely upon legal materials and attempting to understand only their legal significance. That said, their distinctive subject-matter did lead them occasionally to take into consideration material and approaches from other parts of the academy. Some work had a clear historical focus whilst other writers included some theological reflection. Furthermore, in some cases a sociological approach was employed.


We present the results of a feasibility study, which examined deployment of a ground-based millimeter-wave polarimeter, tailored for observing the cosmic microwave background (CMB), to Isi Station in Greenland. The instrument for this study is based on lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) and an F/2.4 catoptric, crossed-Dragone telescope with a 500 mm aperture. The telescope is mounted inside the receiver and cooled to < 4 K by a closed-cycle 4He refrigerator to reduce background loading on the detectors. Linearly polarized signals from the sky are modulated with a metal-mesh half-wave plate that is rotated at the aperture stop of the telescope with a hollow-shaft motor based on a superconducting magnetic bearing. The modular detector array design includes at least 2300 LEKIDs, and it can be configured for spectral bands centered on 150 GHz or greater. Our study considered configurations for observing in spectral bands centered on 150, 210 and 267 GHz. The entire polarimeter is mounted on a commercial precision rotary air bearing, which allows fast azimuth scan speeds with negligible vibration and mechanical wear over time. A slip ring provides power to the instrument, enabling circular scans (360 degrees of continuous rotation). This mount, when combined with sky rotation and the latitude of the observation site, produces a hypotrochoid scan pattern, which yields excellent cross-linking and enables 34% of the sky to be observed using a range of constant elevation scans. This scan pattern and sky coverage combined with the beam size (15 arcmin at 150 GHz) makes the instrument sensitive to 5 < ` < 1000 in the angular power spectra.


To the Editor. —The article entitled "Persistence of Normal BP After Withdrawal of Drug Treatment in Mild Hypertension" by Levinson et al in the DecemberArchives(1982;142:2265-2268) provides reinforcement of the dangerous philosophy espoused by many physicians and patients. The fact that the antihypertensive effect of various agents persists after the discontinuance of therapy has been shown by my studies and those of others. In 1951 I began uncontrolled clinical studies of the dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids followed five years later by prospective double-blind studies of more than 30 agents. After withdrawing each of the substances being investigated, the patients' conditions were observed at weekly intervals until the BP returned to the levels that had existed prior to the administration of the placebo or drug. Although the time varied from a few weeks to 15 months, the BPs, without exception, returned to pretreatment readings. I have seen innumerable instances in clinical


List of Tables - Acknowledgements - List of Abbreviations - Glossary - Maps of Malaysia - Introduction: Capitalist Economic Success and Democracy - The Colonial Roots of Authoritarian Populism - The Post-Colonial State - Suppression of the Political Opposition - Restructuring the State and Society - State Repression in the Seventies - Charismatic Leadership and Authoritarian-Populism - Class Contradictions and Popular Protest - Conclusion and Post Script - Appendix 1: Theoretical Considerations - Bibliography - Index


We have experimentally demonstrated a clock comparison scheme utilizing time-correlated photon pairs generated from the spontaneous parametric down conversion process of a laser pumped beta-barium borate crystal. The coincidence of two-photon events are analyzed by the cross correlation of the two time stamp sequences. Combining the coarse and fine part of the time differences at different resolutions, a 64 ps precision for clock synchronization has been realized. We also investigate the effects of hardware devices used in the system on the precision of clock comparison. The results indicate that the detector's time jitter and the background noise will degrade the system performance. With this method, comparison and synchronization of two remote clocks could be implemented with a precision at the level of a few tens of picoseconds.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of torrefaction severity and ratio of oxygen carrier to feedstock on syngas production and tar removal during chemical looping gasification of eu...


Abstract : The Reduced Vertical Separation Minima (RVSM) experiment resulted from the North Atlantic (NAT) System Planning Group's conclusion to carry out studies aimed at achieving early implementation of RVSM in the NAT Region. RVSM is an approved International Civil Aviation Organization concept to reduce aircraft vertical separation from the Conventional Vertical Separation Minima (CVSM) of 2,000 feet to 1,000 feet. This reduction occurs between flight level 290 to 410, within a designated portion of the NAT Region. Phase I investigated workload changes resulting from the transition of westbound aircraft from RVSM to CVSM before leaving defined nonradar RVSM airspace. The simulated New York Air Route Traffic Control Center Oceanic Sectors D71 and D72 were configured with an Oceanic Display and Planning System position to replicate controller operations, including simulated high frequency and inter- and intra-facility communications. The RVSM procedure increased the amount of available altitudes, thus providing the controller with greater flexibility for managing traffic. However, simulation results indicated that controllers operating under RVSM conditions experienced increased coordination requirements, longer display scanning times, and needed additional information from aircraft as compared to CVSM.


This study analyzes the mediating effect of self-efficacy and job satisfaction in the relationship between consultant self-leadership and innovative behavior. In order to analyze the mediating effect of self-efficacy and job satisfaction, the Model 6 series multi-media model of SPSS PROCESS macro was applied. A survey was conducted on 240 consultants, and a study was conducted with 172 cases. Behavior focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought pattern strategies all had a positive effect on self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and innovative behavior. Self-efficacy has a positive effect on job satisfaction and innovative behavior, and job satisfaction has a mediating effect in the relationship between self-leadership and innovative behavior. The mediating effect considering the causal relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction is only effective in constructive thinking strategies. Self-leadership is very useful for consultants to create new ideas to improve the performance of their work and organization. This fact suggests that improving self-leadership in practice is of paramount importance to consultants due to the nature of consultants' work to solve problems of undergoing examination companies and present alternatives.


theatre in particular – has tended to fight shy of the representation of dementia' (145), and points out that many of theatre's responses have focused on the experience of the carer. What is particularly instructive about his own exploration of dementia on stage is his attention to structure and form. The idea of being an actor without memory, he suggests, is inconceivable but the notion of memory loss also offers an exciting set of creative possibilities for the theatre. In observing that many dramatic texts about dementia are radio plays, he suggests that radio drama has the capacity to deal particularly well with dementia as 'the long time-scale over which... it structures its narrative s allowed for a more subtle development of the portrayal of the condition than is usually possible in theatre'. Radio, he suggests, 'has always had an ear for the absurd and the surreal' (144), which enables it to articulate the experience of dementia in a less naturalistic way. Similarly, in his analysis of Melanie Wilson's play Autobiographer his focus is on how the sensory experience of the production – the immersive sound design, the multiplicity of actors' voices, and the repetitive text – goes some way into articulating the experience of dementia. The book concludes by considering the political and philosophical resonance of ageing on stage, from themes of longevity in in Bernard Shaw's Back to Methuselah to the satirised image of the nursing home on British stage and screen. He pays particular attention to the prevalent image of the nursing home in modern culture and how it has been used on numerous occasions as a dramatic setting, reflecting crises in health care and the impact on the elderly. Though many of the texts he discusses present triumphant narratives of residents overcoming tyrannical care home managers, Mangan also suggests that they can reinforce the decline narrative, particularly when the resistant behaviour of older people is written for comic effect. Staging Ageing is ambitious in its attempt to chart the history of old age on the British stage while also considering the aesthetic and socio-political implications of staging ageing. The broad scope of the book means that there are inevitably some exclusions. However, its emphasis on the relationship between dramatic representations of ageing and the cultural narrative of decline makes it an incredibly valuable contribution to both performance studies and cultural gerontology. As a practitioner-researcher who works in dementia care settings, the book has broadened my thinking about the possibilities of theatre for representing dementia in different ways. I have no doubt that it will also be an extremely valuable book for other students and practitioners who are making theatre with and about older people.


Abstract In this article, the complete mitogenome of Tituria pyramidata Cai, 1993 was sequenced and annotated, which contained 37 typical genes. The length of the mitochondrial genome is 15,331 bp with A + T% for the whole sequence = 75.6% (A = 29%, T = 46.6%, G = 13.7%, and C = 10.6%). Protein-coding genes (PCGs) started with standard start codon ATN (ATA, ATT, ATG, and ATC) and ended with TAR (TAA and TAG), except nad5 started with TTG, cox3 ended with single T. The phylogenetic tree confirms that T. pyramidata was clustered with Ledra auditura with strong branch support.


This paper examines the role of racial bias in the implementation of capital punishment. First, our analysis of existing literature confirms higher rates of capital punishment for those who kill Whites, particularly for Blacks who kill Whites. Second, we compare homicide victim data with a newly collected data set including information on the victims of every inmate executed in the USA from 1976 through 2013, some 1369 executions. These data reveal that Black males have been the primary victims of homicides, but their killers are much less likely to be put to death. While previous scholars have emphasized the over-representation of killers of White women, we shed additional light on another aspect of the racial and gender biases of the US death penalty. Capital punishment is very rarely used where the victim is a Black male, despite the fact that this is the category most likely to be the victim of homicide.


Embryonic murine neuronal networks cultured on microelectrode arrays were used to quantify acute electrophysiological effects of fluoxetine and ethanol. Spontaneously active frontal cortex cultures showed highly repeatable, dose-dependent sensitivities to both compounds. Cultures began to respond to fluoxetine at 3 µM and were shut off at 10-16 µM. EC50s mean ± S.D. for spike and burst rates were 4.1 ± 1.5 µM and 4.5 ± 1.1 µM (n=14). The fluoxetine inhibition was reversible and without effect on action potential wave shapes. Ethanol showed initial inhibition at 20 mM, with spike and burst rate EC50s at 52.0 ± 17.4 mM and 56.0 ± 17.0 mM (n=15). Ethanol concentrations above 100 -140 mM led to cessation of activity. Although ethanol did not change the shape and amplitude of action potentials, unit specific effects were found. The combined application of ethanol and fluoxetine was additive. Ethanol did not potentiate the effect of fluoxetine.


The invention discloses a forming and prestress flattening method for a steel plate with ultra wide width and small thickness error. 1, a steel plate with narrow width is rolled, welded and annealed, and a thick-wall cylinder blank is formed; 2, a numerical control spinning machine with three spinning rollers is used for rolling the thick-wall cylinder blank into a thin-wall cylinder; 3, an anti-rotating ring on the thick-wall cylinder blank is cut, then the thin-wall cylinder is slit and flattened into the steel plate with ultra wide width, and the steel plate with ultra wide width is cut into a thin-wall cake steel plate; 4, the thin-wall cake steel plate is subjected to annealing treatment in ordinary vacuum protection, inert atmosphere protection or coating protection. When the steel plate is processed with the method, the processed steel plate can meet the manufacturing requirement for a front sealing end and a rear sealing end of an existing combustion chamber housing with a large size.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a fermenting agent for direct vat set fermented milk. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing streptococcus thermophilus powder; preparing lactobacillus delbrueckii lactobacillus bulgaricus powder; uniformly mixing the streptococcus thermophilus powder and the lactobacillus delbrueckii lactobacillus bulgaricus powder according to the weight ratio of (1.5-2):1; and introducing nitrogen, and packaging to obtain a product. The process disclosed by the invention is simple, easy to operate and suitable for industrialized production; the obtained fermenting agent has the advantages of high active lactobacillus quantity, long quality guarantee period, excellent fermented milk property, easiness for use, small usage amount and the like.


This article is a study of cosmetics advertisements published in Fon-Fon Magazine between 1911 and 1934. It discusses the continuities and ruptures observed in these advertisements. More specifically, face powder advertising and models of the feminine are analyzed, drawing on two major series: advertisements with female images and those without any. Also introduced and discussed is the production methodology of a history based on advertisements. Methodologically, we emphasize the importance and centrality of the image in the analysis, observing the composition of the images and the proposed models of the feminine. The tools for the analysis of images were based on the work of Sophie Cassagnes and Martine Joly, while the theoretical postulations were drawn from Haskell.


An Ipvest~gatlon was conducted to find the effect of vanous levels of replacement of local fishmeal wlth sllkworm pupae (SWP) on the performance of broller starters, broller finishers and lajlng hens The results indicated that SWP could successf~illy replace local fish-meal In poultry rations. The presence of an umdenhfied growth factor in SWP for chicks was also observed Improvement in reproductive perfolmance m tams of hatchabihty of eggs and welght of ch~cks at hatchlng tune were observed when SWP was included In layers rations. A favourable alteration of the ?ex ratlo in chlcks towards feminlty was obselved


The terminal step in methane generation by the archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum is catalyzed by the enzyme S-methyl coenzyme M reductase (methylreductase). This enzyme contains a Ni(II) tetrapyrrole cofactor, F430, at the active site in the resting state. A Ni(I) state (NiIF430) has been proposed as the active form of the cofactor. Nickel isobacteriochlorins have been used to model F430. We have investigated both NiIF430 and NiIOEiBC using CW and pulsed EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy at X-band and Q-band microwave frequencies. In agreement with a previous X-band EPR and ESEEM study, at Q-band, the g tensor of NiIF430 appears axial and 1,2H ENDOR of NiIF430 in H2O versus D2O solvent shows no evidence for strongly coupled, solvent-exchangeable hydrogens, and this indicates that there is no water axially coordinated to Ni(I) in contrast to the Ni(II) resting state. Both NiIF430 and NiIOEiBC give 14N ENDOR signals arising from the four pyrrole nitrogen ligands to Ni(I). Previous EXAFS studies of NiIO...


Recently,there is continual argument about "G-2(the two-nation group)" in America;there are both proponents and opponents,and the focus of the argument is whether the cooperation between China and the U.S.will be beneficial or harmful to American interest.No matter what result,we can regard "G-2" as a basic positioning of Obama's government towards China.The positive and cooperative adjustment of American policy towards China will be of great benefit not only to America and China but also to the whole world.


Work engagement, work efficacy and performance are key concepts in today's human resources field, impacting both personal and organisational levels. However, not many studies investigate them in a core professional area: pre-university teachers. After measuring the work engagement, work efficacy and work performance variables of teachers, we identified the differences in teachers' work engagement, work efficacy and work performance according to their seniority in education and the position of the high school in the top national rankings. Our paper's focus is on exploring the relationship between work engagement and work performance among pre-university teachers from Romanian high schools. This relationship is analysed both directly and indirectly by including work efficacy as a mediating factor. A sample of 817 Romanian high school teachers participated in this study (questionnaire applied in April 2021). The results can lead to a better understanding of human resources behaviour, and, on this basis, to the formulating of human resource policies in the educational field.


A total of 30 breeding lines of tomato were evaluated against Meloidogyne incognita under greenhouse conditions. The majority of the materials have either resistance or tolerance to bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. All materials tested were susceptible to the nematode in terms of root galling and reproduction. Mean soil temperature of above 28 C during the evaluation might have contributed to the difficulty in detecting nematode resistance. Nevertheless, abundant root systems and small galls in the genotypes 6A-16, 6A-19, and 6A-21 were used as criteria for selecting breeding lines suspected of having field tolerance to the nematode. These three lines should be tested under field conditions in bacteria and nematode-infested soil. Future prospects to incorporate resistance against the nematode are discussed.


In China today,the concept of farmer has its special meaning .The inequality of rights in politics and economics makes the crimes committed by farmers more and more seriously. To keep such crimes within limits,the unjust different ruling systems in cities and countrysides must be changed thoroughly.


Sun Weiming's continuous provocation of traffic regulations that had resulted in fatal consequences was more applicable to the legal prescription of recklessness with indirect intent rather than that of negligence with undue assumption.The fact that Sun Weiming was convicted of crime of endangering public safety in a dangerous way for his driving under the influence of liquor is well-grounded legally and has precedent in practice.The cumulative punishment of combining crime of traffic offence and crime of endangering public safety in a dangerous way imposed on Sun Weiming can not apply to Sun's case because his first law-breaching act separately is not yet up to the extent to which he should be administered punishment on crime of traffic offence.


The authors incorporate in the theory of collisional redistribution of resonance radiation the effect of a finite bandwidth of the intense incident radiation. The phase of the radiation is treated as a process with independent increments, which contains the phase-diffusion model as a special case. These phase fluctuations give rise to effective decay operators affecting the evolution of the density matrix and the regression of the correlation function. For a two-level atom suffering binary collisions the combined effect of collisions and phase fluctuations on the fluorescence spectrum is evaluated in several limiting cases of practical interest.


The research reported here is based on the standard laboratory experiments routinely performed in order to measure various geotechnical parameters. These experiments require consolidation of fine-grained samples in triaxial or stress path apparatus. The time required for the consolidation is dependent on the permeability of the soil and the length of the drainage path. The consolidation time is often of the order of several weeks in large clay-dominated samples. Long testing periods can be problematic, as they can delay decisions on design and construction methods. Acceleration of the consolidation process would require a reduction in effective drainage length and this is usually achieved by placing filter drains around the sample. The purpose of the research reported in this paper is to assess if these filter drains work effectively and, if not, to determine what modifications to the filter drains are needed. The findings have shown that use of a double filter reduces the consolidation time several fold.


Sue Cag, Conservationist Anthony Caprio, National Park Service, Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Joshua Flickinger, National Park Service, Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Linnea Hardlund, Save the Redwoods League Rodney Hart, U.S. Forest Service, Region 5 Remote Sensing Lab Paul Hardwick, National Park Service, Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Linda Mutch, National Park Service, Sierra Nevada Inventory and Monitoring Network Kristen Shive, The Nature Conservancy Amarina Wuenschel, U.S. Forest Service, Southern Sierra Province


There is a significant interest in facial emotion recognition in the fields of human–computer interaction and social sciences. With the advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), the field of human behavioral prediction and analysis, especially human emotion, has evolved significantly. The most standard methods of emotion recognition are currently being used in models deployed in remote servers. We believe the reduction in the distance between the input device and the server model can lead us to better efficiency and effectiveness in real life applications. For the same purpose, computational methodologies such as edge computing can be beneficial. It can also encourage time-critical applications that can be implemented in sensitive fields. In this study, we propose a Raspberry-Pi based standalone edge device that can detect real-time facial emotions. Although this edge device can be used in variety of applications where human facial emotions play an important role, this article is mainly crafted using a dataset of employees working in organizations. A Raspberry-Pi-based standalone edge device has been implemented using the Mini-Xception Deep Network because of its computational efficiency in a shorter time compared to other networks. This device has achieved 100% accuracy for detecting faces in real time with 68% accuracy, i.e., higher than the accuracy mentioned in the state-of-the-art with the FER 2013 dataset. Future work will implement a deep network on Raspberry-Pi with an Intel Movidious neural compute stick to reduce the processing time and achieve quick real time implementation of the facial emotion recognition system.


5, for why should the preceding question ut vales? have suggested a 'broker' ? The text used is that of Ernout's Bude edition, with occasional preference (e.g. Cos. 196-8, Men. 1248) for an emendation in the apparatus. Inaccuracies are rare, but e.g. at Rod. 997 pauxilluli means 'very small', not 'very few' (cf. Ernout's 'fort peu'), at Pseud. 38 paulisper is hardly 'a minute ago', and Amph. 108 usuramque eius corporis cepit sibi does not mean 'borrowed her husband's looks for himself, as is shown by 1135-6. homunculi quanti estis! (Rud. 155) is not adequately turned by 'Poor fellows!', and Aul. 767-8 has been accidentally omitted. The copious stage-directions give helpful information on Roman play-production, and only occasionally (e.g. Men. 133-4) do they seem over-imaginative. The colloquial idiom necessarily loses something of the altlateinische Dichtersprache, but with their successful combination of accuracy and readability the translations give in other respects a good impression of Plautus' qualities.


The current incidence of periprosthetic supracondylar femoral fractures around total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) is 0.3% to 2.5%, but may well be increasing. An acceptable treatment is to insert a supracondylar nail, but not all TKAs will permit the passage of a supracondylar nail. Method: We ascertained the ten most common TKA prostheses currently used in the United Kingdom from the National Joint Registry (NJR) Report published in September 2005. We used samples of each prosthesis with a saw bone model and checked their compatibility for accepting a supracondylar nail. Results: We present the dimensions of the intercondylar notches of the top ten TKA prostheses, which account for over 90% of TKAs performed over the last year nationally. Our reference chart demonstrates which of these are suitable for use with supracondylar nails. Discussion: Most of the TKAs commonly used in the UK will allow supracondylar nailing for fixation of peri-prosthetic fractures. There are, however, notable exceptions and our chart provides a quick and easy reference for knee surgeons involved in these cases.


A temporal behavior of a phase conjugation reflectivity R at degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in InSb for a pulsed carbon-dioxide laser radiation is theoretically investigated. It is shown, that R at a transient DFWM is determined by a response time of a nonlinear medium, which depends on intensity of a radiation, and can be some times higher than a reflectivity for non-transient condition.


Here are the proceedings of the 2011 ALT Conference ''Thriving in a colder and more challenging climate''. Proceedings papers report on a piece of research, possibly in its early stages, or they can be ''thoughtpieces'' which state a point of view or summarise an area of work, perhaps giving new insights.


Translation of metaphorical expressions is a major challenge in literary translation and has attracted the attention of translation researchers and linguists alike. The aim of this paper is to examine the translation of emotive metaphorical expressions of happiness from Persian to English in the Persian novel "Savushun" written by Simin Daneshvar. To achieve this aim, emotive metaphorical expressions relating to happiness from the source text and two target texts were collected. Subsequently, the conceptual metaphors underlying the metaphorical expressions in the source text and the target texts were investigated based upon the metaphor identification procedures (MIP), proposed by the Pragglejaz group (2007) and general framework of the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). This paper attempts to identify the strategies used in the translation so that the translational equivalences of these metaphorical expressions were identified in the target texts. The conceptual metaphors of the translation were identified and compared with the conceptual metaphors in the source text. Preliminary results of the study revealed the nature of both similarities and differences in the conceptual metaphors of the source text to the target texts. The similarities are mostly attributed to the universality metaphor, whereas the differences are related to two different concepts and different culture in the translation of metaphors.


Based on simulation and optimization technology, the principle of the large-scale system decomposition and coordination was adopted, the three-level hierarchical optimization model was establishedto operate main water projects in west irrigation area of Guanzhong. The results of the different year (2005 and 2015) and the different frequency (P=75% and 95%) were gained, including single and combined operation results. The results indicatedthat combined operation could realize water resources rational operation in west irrigation area of Guanzhong.


Czech infinitive phrases, usually introduced by interrogatives, are equivalent to interrogative clauses. In economy-oriented press, they appear mostly in headlines. In German, they correspond to direct or indirect clauses including modal verbs, infinitive phrases with "zu", passive verbs, or the indefinite subject "man".


Research in my laboratory focuses on understanding the regulatory role of protein
 ubiquitination in plant development. The ubiquitination pathway covalently attaches
 the small ubiquitin molecule to protein substrates through the sequential action of
 three enzymes, the E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme),
 and E3 (ubiquitin ligase). Specificity of the pathway is mainly governed by a large
 number of diverse E3 ligases that recognize the appropriate substrates. The best-characterized
 consequence of ubiquitination is degradation of the targeted protein by the 26S proteasome.
 This highly conserved pathway removes abnormal proteins and controls the abundance
 of important regulatory proteins, thus allowing for the control of numerous cellular
 networks and regulation of a wide range of developmental processes.


Abstract Observation of fruit-set in Sophora microphylla Ait. suggests that differences in both natural populations and ornamental plantings depend on the extent of self-pollination which can occur. This appears to be regulated by the time of style elongation which, if it occurs before anthesis, effectively prevents selling. A single gene difference could account for the observed variation.


Abstract There has been increasing recognition of the role of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) in determining stratospheric water vapor concentrations—the TTL being a layer of transition between air showing tropospheric properties below and stratospheric properties above. This study investigates the spatial structure of temperatures in the TTL. A dehydration index based on the atmospheric region with temperatures colder than a specific reference temperature was defined to examine the TTL temperature structure and possible influences on stratospheric water vapor. The results indicate that dehydration regions with cold temperatures (e.g., <190 K) occur mainly over the western Pacific and are about 1.5–2.0 km in depth during Northern Hemisphere winter. The dehydration index is mainly dependent on the annual cycle of the TTL temperatures, but is strongly affected by interannual variations associated with the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Dehydration regions with ...


ABSTRACT This paper measures environmental efficiency (EE) and environmental productivity (EP) in 38 countries over the period 1971–92 and analyzes differences in these across countries. It explores several macro-economic factors that could explain these differences, such as income levels and the degree of openness in these countries. The average EE and EP indexes are found to be almost steady over the period 1971–92. In the annex-I countries, an increase in income levels initially leads to an increase in the average EE but subsequently to a decline in EE. In non-annex I countries, EE is increasing over the range of income in these countries. This study also finds an EKC type relationship between EP and per capita GDP in annex-I countries. The degree of openness has a significant positive impact on EE in annex-I countries.


In this paper, we will first summarize recent situations of Genomic Information and Electronic Health Data (EHR). Firstly, we look at the standardization of Genomic information representation. Then summarize regulations in various countries on the privacy of medical and health information. And at the end, we will also discuss the possible technologies and social practices to empower the privacy of genomic information.


Problem Statement: Even though bioengineering technique has been regarded as one way to alleviate landslide and erosion problems, this process of revegetation is severely time consuming as the process of plant succession of the slopes may take decades or even hundreds of years. Approach: However, the process can be tremendously hastened by planting the right suitable pioneer species on the slopes. In this project, a natural succession experiment was conducted to determine the role of a potential slope colonizer, L. leucocephala, as a good pioneer in two years of observation. Results: In terms of the plant community, L. leucocephala had tremendously accelerated the plant succession of the slope. Within two years, 46 species comprising various species of grasses, shrubs and small trees colonized in the mixed culture treatment. The plant diversity increased drastically, about five (12 months) and eight fold (24 months) of its initial (0 month) diversity against 2.5 (12 months) and three fold (24 months) in the monoculture treatment. Related to this species-richness, LAI and biomass of the plant community was also enhanced in the mix-culture system. Conclusion: The results indicate that the species studied exhibits an outstanding pioneering characteristic by enhancing natural succession and the revegetation process which will be in turn, resulting in a more stable ecosystem.


Hydrogen bronzes, HxV2O5, HxNb2O5, HxMoO3 and HxWO3, were synthesized by irradiating respective oxide powders, either with or without loading of Pt, suspended in 1 : 1 aqueous ethanol solution. All products had a different colour from the parent oxides, which fades out in a moist air. Photoacoustic spectra showed a broad and structureless absorption over the visible region. This method gives bronzes with a small x value (x ?? 0.02) except for H0.32V205 and having the same X-ray diffraction pattern as that of the parent oxide.


Objective: Experiments were carried out to study the mature seeds of Gentiana rigescens,and the effects of phosphorus on growth and physiological characteristics of G. rigescens seedlings in the floating system were explored. Method: Perlite was mixed with vermiculite,peat,et al,to form the seedling substrate,and the effects of phosphorus on growth and physiological characteristics of G. rigescens seedlings in the floating system were studied by floating nursery law and plant physiology experimental method. Result: The suitable concentration phosphorus was used to treat the seedlings of G. rigescens in the floating system,not only make the seedling plant height,root length,stem and leaf dry weight,root dry weight significantly higher than those not treated with phosphorus( P 0. 01),but also make the leaves chlorophyll content,nitrate reductase( NR) activity and root activity were significantly higher than those not treated with phosphorus( P 0. 01). Conclusion: This study ascertained the effects of phosphorus on the botanical characters and physiological characteristics of G. rigescens seedlings in the floating system,and the optimal phosphorus concentration in the floating system nutrient solution of G. rigescens is within the range between 50 mg·L- 1and 100 mg·L- 1.


[Objective]To know the detection results of the tuberculosis mycobacterium antibodies in pulmonary tuberculosis cases for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis.[Methods]Detection was made on the tuberculosis 3 items examinations in the serum of 431 cases of outpatient service and hospital diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Henan Infectious Disease Hospital(positive bacteria 185,negative bacteria 246),from Jan.to Nov.in 2009.[Results]431 cases were detected.One or more positive results in the 3 species of reagents accounted for 93.04%.Among them,the positive rate of TB-CHECK wa 47.10%,the positive rate of TB-DOT was 65.43%,the positive rate of TB-IgG was 87.24%.The positive rate of TB-CHECK was 51.35% for positive bacteria patients and 43.90% for negative bacteria patients(P0.05);The positive rate of TTB-DOT was 69.19% for bacteria positive patients and 62.60% for negative bacteria patients(P0.01);The positive rate of TB-IgG was 89.19% for bacteria positive patients and 85.77% for negative bacteria patient(P0.011);the total positive rate was 94.05% for bacteria positive patients and 92.28% for negative bacteria patients(P0.05).[Conclusion]The positive rate of the 3 tuberculosis mycobacterium antibodies is high both for the positive and negative bacteria patients in the detection.


The strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete is influenced by many factors,and the relationship between them are complex nonlinear problem,but the nonlinear relationship between input variables like some of the factors and output variables like the strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete can be obtained by self-adapting,self-studying and nonlinear mapping of artificial neural network.Based on experimental values,four RBF and BP neural network models were established in MATLAB neural network toolbox,compressive strength and flexural strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete were predicted respectively by using RBF and BP neural network model.The predicted values and measured values were analyzed in comparison.The results showed that the predicted values of RBF neural network was in good agreement with the experimental values,and compared with the BP neural network had a higher strength prediction ability,the method was feasible and the prediction accuracy can meet the needs of engineering,providing a new method for the research on strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete in engineering field.


The undercover investigation is widely conducted to detect the criminal cases involving criminal groups or gangs.Owing to its hidden characteristic and potential destructive effect,the undercover investigation must be effectively monitored.Using the advanced experience of extraterritorial countries and regions for reference,this paper explains the concept and necessity of monitoring undercover investigation,and then puts forward concrete suggestions on how to improve the system of monitoring undercover investigation in China.


INVESTIGATION
The concentrations of CA 15-3, TPA, and TPS were determined in the serum of 90 women with breast cancer

MATERIAL/METHODS
Serum CA 15-3 levels were determined by Abbott immunofluorescent tests, TPA concentration using the Byk-Roland immunoluminometric method, and TPS by the BEKI Diagnostics immunoenzymatic method.

RESULTS
In the diagnosis of breast cancer, the TPA test had the greatest diagnostic sensitivity. A strong correlation was found between the percentages of women with positive levels of all three markers and advanced stages of breast cancer. A longitudinal evaluation of 42 women who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed clinical regression of the tumor and a statistically significant reduction in the concentrations of these markers

CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that determining the serum levels of CA 15-3, TPA, and TPS may be used to establish the stage of disease and it provides useful guidance both in deciding whether to treat surgically and in estimating the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.


A thesis submitted to the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree
of
Master of Philosophy in Agronomy (Crop physiology). 2015


Early detection of breast cancer in the mammograms is very essential in the field of medicine. Contrast enhancement for the detection of micro calcification of mammograms based on the Histogram Modified Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (HM-CLAHE) is presented. Histogram equalization is an effective and simple technique for contrast enhancement. The standard histogram equalization (HE) usually results in excessive contrast enhancement because of lack of control on the level of enhancement. The Histogram Modified Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (HM-CLAHE) is proposed in this paper to adjust the level of contrast enhancement, which in turn gives the resultant image a strong contrast and brings the local details for more relevant interpretation. It incorporates both histogram modifications as an optimization technique and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization. This method is tested for Mias mammogram images. The performance of this method is determined using the parameter like Enhancement Measure (EME). From the subjective and quantitative measures it is interesting that this proposed technique provides better contrast enhancement with preserving the local information of the mammogram images.


Objective:To prepare SP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and investigate their general properties,drug release characteristics in vitro.Method:PLGA as carrier,SP drug delivery nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsion-solvent evaporation method.Their drug loading efficiecy,encapsulation rate and drug release characteristics were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method.Result:The SP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were spherical,uniform,with mean diameter of 22.32±5.41 nm.The drug loading efficiency and encapsulation rate of the substance P nanoparticles was(0.06±0.036)10~(-3)% and(66.28±3.56)% respectively.In the drug release test in vitro,the drug release rate was 28.65% during the burst release phase and rose to 77.46% at the end of 12 th day.Conclusion:The preparation technology of the SP-loaded PLGA nanoparticles was established and the drug loaded nanoparticles have satisfactory pharmaceutical properties and sustained release effect in vitro.


The prevalence of clinical polyneuropathies (ClinPNs) or nerve conduction abnormality (NCA) in the groups stratified by glucose tolerance, individual components of metabolic syndrome (metabolic syndrome [MetS] components: hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity) and MetS defined by the International Diabetes Federation consensus was investigated in the Japanese general population. Factors associated with ClinPN and NCA were also identified.


The history and utility of category observation instruments developed for analyzing classroom behaviors of teachers and learners are briefly traced. Category observation instruments are defined and their essential properties clearly stated. A sequential strategy for the construction of category observation instruments which display these properties is discussed in detail. This developmental program is extended and critiqued in the concluding portion of the paper. Classroom observation instruments are organized, objective systems for observing, coding, arranging and analyzing the behaviors emitted by teachers and students engaged in instructional exchanges. By breaking up the continuous stream of teacher-student behaviors into readily observable units, such instruments permit the production of permanent "short-hand" records of classroom interactions. These records can be analyzed by teachers and research workers in a variety of ways and for a variety of


The establishment of political connections is an important way for many corporations trying to reduce the cost of eq-uity capital. As an external environment of corporate finance,different financial ecological environments affect the effect of po-litical connections on the cost of equity capital. This paper conducts an empirical study based on the data of China's listed cor-porations from the year of 2005 to 2012. The results show that:Generally speaking,China's corporations can reduce the costof equity capital through building political connections;The reduction effect of political connections on the cost of equity capi-tal is weaker for the areas in the good financial ecological environment than that in the poor financial ecological environment;The political connections in the areas,of which the financial ecological environment comprehensive index is over 0.739,willincrease the cost of equity capital;The worse the financial ecological environment,the stronger the reduction effect of politicalconnections on the cost of equity capital.


Introduction. This essay is an attempt to suggest how process or evolutionary considerations might best be integrated into the rapidly developing transaction-cost approach to the theory of internal organization. The analysis begins by arguing that the theoretical issues in the transaction-cost approach to organization reduce to and can be integrated around a single analytical concept: imperfect structural (as distinguished from parametric) knowledge. The paper goes on to argue that this concept points toward a reinterpretation of "efficiency" explanations of internal organization in terms of an evolutionary logic of explanation. The article concludes by showing how such a reinterpretation might proceed, and suggests some substantive implications susceptible to empirical and historical scrutiny.


[Objective] The aims was to explore PTGMS line purification and multiplication technology. [Method]Three commercial PTGMS lines,Annong 810S,P88S and C815S,were used in this study. In the first year,two sterile line populations with same genetic background were multiplied by dividing seedling; meanwhile,selection and multiplication of the core individuals were conducted; within the year,the core seeds harvested were multiplied under the isolated condition in Hainan,and at the same time,superior individuals were selected and used as the seeds for two populations with same genetic background in the next year. In the second year,seeds harvested in Hainan were planted in Changsha,while the core individuals were selected and multiplied; the core seeds harvested were continued to multiply in Hainan. The above procedures were repeated in the following years. [Result] The test results showed that in two years the proportion of core individuals in the population of Annong 810S,P88S and C815S increased from 40. 3%,0. 7% and 0. 3% in the first year to 71. 67%,66. 00% and 68. 67% in the second year respectively. [Conclusion]This suggested that this method of purification and multiplication of the PTGMS lines for consecutive years can effectively control the drift of the critical sterility inducing temperature,and at the same time,core seeds with high purity and controlled inducing temperature can be harvested.


This work describes the main characteristics of the private housing stock of Camaguey Province Cuba according to the 1981 census. It also projects housing needs for the province through the year 2000. In 1981 there were 165387 occupied private housing units in Camaguey of which 72.5% were urban and 27.5% rural. The municipio of Camaguey contained 40.3% of the housing units. 94% of housing in the municipio of Camaguey was urban. 77% of housing units in the province were houses 8.7% were apartments 3.4% were rooms in rooming houses 10.7% were shacks and .2% were shanties. 43.4% of urban housing and 25.3% of rural housing currently occupied was constructed before the Revolution. 4.2% of housing in the province was shored up and 53.5% had leaks. A significant proportion of recently constructed housing units had leaks. 90.1% of housing units had 2-6 rooms. The average household size according to the 1981 census was 4.3 persons. By the year 2000 total housing needs were projected at 220481 units 152433 in urban areas and 68048 in rural areas.


The trade union recognition process is a pre-requisite to the collective bargaining action of a trade union. The recognition is important to ascertain the competency of a trade union and the acceptance by the workers to represent them in the collective bargaining action with the employer. However, the ambiguities in the existing legislations on the trade union recognition process in Malaysia and the anti-union practices of the employer are currently depriving the workers of their rights to negotiate for better working conditions. The primary focus of the present work is to identify the weaknesses of the recognition legal framework and the anti-union practices of employers in the recognition process of trade unions. Secondly, is to critically analyse the good faith bargaining practice in other countries and its significance to the recognition process in Malaysia. To explore the anti-union tactics perpetrated by employers, semi-structured interviews have been conducted to analyse the trade unions' experience in their recognition claims. This research employed a qualitative approach as the instrument to study the good faith bargaining practicesinthe Australian and New Zealand labour law framework. The findings reveal that the good faith bargaining practicesinAustralia and New Zealand have improved the oddsfortrade unions to represent the workers in negotiating collective agreements. The study finally concludes that in order to reform the recognition process of trade unions in Malaysia, the good faith bargaining practice should be implemented in the nation'sindustrial relations law framework.


In this corona period hand sanitizer is an essential thing. Because it can kill the Covid -19 virus. but use the of normal sanitizer bottle become very danger. When an infected person presses the bottle trigger, The virus may spread from this hand sanitizer bottle. We can solve this by using Automatic hand sanitizer bottle. Automatic means, no need to trigger with our hand. Just place your hand near the bottle. the bottle will automatically trigger. Interfacing of Servo motor and interfacing of Ultrasonic sensor is explained in my previous articles. Links are given in the end of this article. We use an Ultrasonic distance sensor, Servo motor and Arduino board. here I am using Arduino Uno. You can also use any other microcontroller. When we place our hand in front of the distance sensor, it will help to the Arduino to measure the distance from the sensor to object (here the hand). if the object in the desired range, Arduino will write the servo to 180. Servo motor is mounded on the hand sanitizer bottle. And the trigger of bottle is connected to servo by a thread. When servo motor rotates, the trigger will press.


Mixed liquid organic waste generated from health-care and research activities containing tritium, carbon-14, and other radionuclides posed specific challenges in its management. Often, these wastes become legacy waste in many nuclear facilities and being considered as 'problematic' waste. One of the most important recommendations made by IAEA is to perform multistage processes aiming at declassification of the waste. At this moment, approximately 3000 bottles of mixed liquid waste, with estimated volume of 6000 litres are currently stored at the National Radioactive Waste Management Centre, Malaysia and some have been stored for more than 25 years. The aim of this study is to develop a characterization protocol towards reclassification of these wastes. The characterization protocol entails waste identification, waste screening and segregation, and analytical radionuclides profiling using various analytical procedures including gross alpha/ gross beta, gamma spectrometry, and LSC method. The results obtained from the characterization protocol are used to establish criteria for speedy classification of the waste.


Dear Munin
Some parts of my thesis should NOT be publicly available until some future date and/or never due to copyright of publishers including:

1. Paper I, due to copyright of publisher.

2. Paper II, due to copyright of publisher.

3. Paper III, It is a manuscript and we would like to continue our research on these new findings and publish it later.So, it should not be publicity available now.

4. Appendix is a review paper, due to copyright of publisher.

4. I would like to make unavailable three pages of my thesis containing the summary of results belonging to paper I (page 35), Paper II (page 36) and paper III (page 37). Many thanks in advance for all your helps.
Fatemeh Askarian


Abstract Many studies find that traditional option pricing models fail to work in practice. The implied volatility smile is one example. In this study, we examine deviations of spot prices from prices implied by put-call parity for Korean KOSPI 200 index options, one of the most actively traded derivative products in the world. Deviations are significant and economically meaningful across different moneyness categories spanning deep-in-the-money to deep-out-of-the-money options. Determinants of put-call disparities for the KOSPI 200 index options include past spot return moments, cognitive biases, and prior option trading volume relative to spot trading volume. We show mispricing is more likely to occur after periods of extreme downturns in the stock market, implying demand for put options increases relative to call options when investors become more likely to insure against extreme loss. We also show that put-call disparity rates have predictive power for future spot returns due to overreaction of KOSPI 200 index option traders, rather than to information contained in option prices.


Knowledgement on ovary function regulation is advancing. Classic concept about endocrine regulation by sexual hormones and gonadotrophin has turning to an hypothesis: autocrine and paracrine factors as intra-ovarian regulators. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis are mainly driven by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteine hormone (LH) and steroids. On the other hand, the presence of intra-ovarian growth factors have an important role in modulation of gonadotrophin effects on ovarian functions. The influence of this factors on follicle growth are described.


The revolution progress of engineering quantities calculation method was introduced,the general process of applied calculated volume software calculation was illustrated.It pointed out that calculation engineering quantities with software was necessary trends of the total industry development,which reduced cost personnel working capacity largely,and obtained the goal of increasing work efficiency.


It is significant to improve the steering maneuverability of dual-motor drive tracked vehicles (2MDTVs), which have wide applications in the tracked vehicle industry. In this paper, we focus on the problem of insufficient propulsion motor power during high-speed steering. Some correction formulas are introduced to improve the accuracy of the mathematical model. A steering coupling system and an optimization-based torque distribution control strategy is adopted to improve the lateral stability of the vehicle. The 2MDTV model and the proposed control strategy are built in the multi-body software RecurDyn and the control software Matlab/Simulink, respectively. According to the real-time steering simulation by the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) method, the 2MDTV with the coupling device outputs more power during high-speed steering. The results show the speed during steering is quite high though, the stability of the vehicle can be achieved due to using the torque distribution strategy, and the steering maneuverability of the vehicle is also improved.


: Diazabutadienes with a 2,3-dialkynyl substitution pattern are easily accessible by reaction of silyl-protected dialkynyl-1,2-diones with primary aromatic amines. The development of diimine-ligated transition metal complexes 1 as components of efficient catalyst systems for olefin polymerisation by Brookhart et al . 1 has inspired a renewed interest in the chemistry of 1,4-diazabuta-1,3-dienes. The steric and the electronic properties of these versatile ligands 2 can be fine-tuned by varying the substituents at the nitrogens and/or at the internal carbon centers of the diazabutadiene backbone. Previously, substitution at the 2,3 positions was limited to H, Me or aryl until we recently reported a general route for the introduction of organyl groups by a palladium-mediated cross-coupling procedure starting from bis(imidoyl chlorides) and organostannanes. 3 A particularly intriguing result of this work was the successful preparation of the first 2,3-dialkynyl 1,4-diazabutadienes as exemplified by 2 . Our interest in small acetylenic building blocks for the assembly of alkynylated near-infrared chromophores fueled continuous efforts to explore synthetic methods for their generation. Reported below is an alternative route for the preparation of dialkynyl diazabutadienes starting from a bis(triisopropysilyl)-protected dialkynyl 1,2-dione. 4,5 Initial attempts to generate dialkynyl diazabutadienes


Purpose:To select a better operation approach for esophageal carcinoma. Methods:From 1958 to 1997, 945 patients of the middle third esophageal carcinoma of our hospital were underwent 5 types of operation.namely: left thoracic approach esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy; right thoractomy anterolateral and abdomen esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy; right thoractomy anterolateral and abdomen and cervical approach esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy; right thoractomy posteriolateral, abdomen and cervical approach esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy; simple right thoracic approach esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy. The rate of resectability, rate of complication, rate of mortality and rate of survival of the 5 types of operation were using SAS package and significance test of contingency table. Results:The rate of resectability and the rate of 5 year survival in the five groups were 84.19% and 29.00%, 81.69% and 28.57%,83.65% and 26.19%,90.74% and 34.70%, 93.67% and 39.74%, respectively. Conclusions:Right thoracic approach esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy are considered superior the operation approach of esophageal carcinoma.


Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) and especially the P300 component have been gaining attention in braincomputer interface design and neurobiological research. The detection of the P300 component in electroencephalographic signal is challenging since its signal-to-noise ratio is very low. Instead of using traditional

supervised pattern recognition, this paper discusses using unsupervised neural networks for the P300 classification purposes. To validate the proposed approach, a method for the P300 detection based on matching pursuit and self-organizing maps is proposed and evaluated. The results may be applied to the design of brain-computer interfaces.


Green's function asymptotic properties of the wave field in a two-layered periodic medium is analytically examined. The solution is constructed by the stationary phase method. It is shown that some singularities occur in this approach. Namely, the Green's function asymptotical form is proportional to the distance from a source as R−5/6, instead of the expected R−1 behavior. Thus, the power flux density in this directions decreases very slowly (as R−5/3) and as a consequense there exists a set of ultra-propagation power channels. We focus on the description of the vicinity of a singular cone where the usual stationary phase method fails and determined a smooth transition from the standard asymptotic form to the new one. Finally, a detailed analysis of the obtained results is given. Introduction The Green's function method applied to periodic structure has theoretical significance, but studying propagation and scattering of waves is one of the most effective methods to investigate systems with periodically varying in space properties [1,2]. This method is widely adopted in investigations of liquid crystals [3] and photonic band structures [4]. Here we study the field of a point source, i.e. the Green's function in a two layered medium (a1, a2) with a step-like spatial variation of wave numbers (k1, k2) and one-dimensional periodicity for large distances from the source (Fig. 1). It is important to point out that the specified formulas do not depend on size and other structural parameters. It is shown that forbidden zones exist in such a media. The results are illustrated by numerical calculations. 1. Green's function integral representation We consider a scalar field and are not interested in polarization effects. The Green's function G(z, z1, r⊥) is the solution of the equation