This paper describes a very large amplitude torsional device for measuring surface viscosity. Its main feature is the possibility of submitting the floating ring to angles of oscillation as great as 270°, thus allowing study of the same film for the entire range of the elastic and the Newtonian viscous state. The design and performance of the viscosimeter is described, and certain possibilities for future investigations are briefly outlined.


According to the minor-caliber magnesium alloy rocket shell warhead's structure characteristics and intrinsic flaws,an ultrasonic immersion testing method on it was adopted.In analyzing the linear eccentricity and acoustic water length's influence on the sensitivity,the expressions of correlative parameters were developed.In comparison with the X-ray testing result,the following conclusions were reached: the focus probe with 5 MHz main frequency can detect the inclusion and crackle flaws in the warhead accurately and the surface scratch flaws with a superior sensitivity.By adopting the ultrasonic C-scan imaging technique,the position,shape and size of the flaw can be visually judged on the image.An effective testing method on minor-caliber rocket shell warhead was offered.


(1938). Continued Fractions and Modified Continued Fractions for Certain Series. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 352-362.


Studies were conducted to screen saline tolerant arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi in coastal beaches of Kumta in Karnataka. Twenty five coastal plants were screened. The varied AM percent of colonization was observed. Thirteen plants; members of families Acanthaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Graminae, Lamiaceae, Solanaceae and Verbenaceae had highest percent of colonization, 75-100%. Six plants, belonging to families Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae and Malvaceae had 50-74% colonization and two plants belonging to families Rhamnaceae and Fabaceae had 25-49% colonization with AM fungi. Least percent (below 25%) colonization was recorded in family Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae, Plumbaginaceae and Typhaceae. No correlation between percent of root colonization and spore number among examined plants was observed. Total thirty different VAM spores have been recorded belonging to five Genera Glomus , Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Scutellospora and Sclerocystis . Genus Glomus was most predominated while the genus Sclerocystis was the least. Green house pot experiments were conducted on Solanum nigram . Pots were amended with coastal sand and forest soil in the ratio of 3:1, 2:2 and 1:3. Pots amended with only coastal sand and only forest soil were also maintained. Pots were maintained in triplicate and harvested once in thirty days interval. Plants grown in pots amended with 1:3 (coastal sand : forest soil) exhibited significant increase in plant height, root length, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, biomass production, percent of colonization, spore number-uptake as compared to noninoculated (control) plants. Plants grown in 100% sand with inoculums exhibited moderate growth. The importance of AM fungi in coastal sand dunes (beaches) has been discussed.


Mao Zedong had started and consolidated China's socialist construction cause.He followed"Soviet Union mode"and make a review to"Soviet Union mode".On the issue that how to build socialistly,he did correctly and then move towards the orbit of"left".Deng Xiaoping catch the key that develop the productivity,and make the new understanding about the question.Jinang Zemin regards socialism as the course of Practicing and knowing constantly,has deepened the understanding of this question,and reach the brand-new height.


Myasthenia crisis is the most dangerous complication of myasthenia gravis. We report one case in which a continuous infusion of pyridostigmine resulted in successful management of myasthenia exacerbation in a 50 year old myasthenic female following thymectomy.


A series of polymer-carried fluorophores with different molar ratio are synthesized by reaction of chloromethyl polystyrene(PS-CH_2Cl),having different amount of chlorine and degree of cross-linking, separately with benzidine (B), o-tolidine(MA), 4,4′-diamino-diphenyl ether(DAPE), and 4,4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone(DAPS). They are characterized by IR and element analysis and their fluorescence properties are firstly studied. It is found that the luminous emission of the polymer-carried fluorophores can be strong light, being a blue luminous material.


From our smartwatch we get the result will be the person can send the notification and the particular person will be receive the notification. With the information we obtain from our smartwatch, we can determine who will receive and who will send notifications. The major goal of adding that function or application to our smartwatch is to notify someone that we are missing them. We use the smartwatch since we can always take it with us. We have added a new function or application to our smartwatch so that if someone is missing, another person will be notified that they are missing them. In our project, a Bluetooth/Wi-Fi connection is made between a smartphone and a smartwatch. We can use Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to send someone a notification that we are looking for them by using their smartwatch's IP address. The smartwatch will first check our smartphone contact information before we can choose a contact's name from the contact list.


Objective The aim of this work was to study the outcome of autologous bone marrow transplantation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) according to the experience of two centers, Naser Institute and Sheikh Zayed centers. Background Treatment for patients with DLBCL is based on the international prognostic index score and age. Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) is actually recommended in young patients who did not achieve complete remission after first-line chemotherapy. Patients and methods This retrospective case series study included the files of 191 patients who were diagnosed as having DLBCL according to the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoma in Naser Institute and Sheikh Zayed hematology units in the period from 2012 to 2018. The patients were classified into two groups. Group I: patients with DLBCL and received chemotherapy only, Group II: patients with DLBCL and received chemotherapy and then high-dose chemotherapy followed by ASCT (HDC). Results The data we had shown that there is no significant statistical difference between the studied groups as regards age and sex. The mean age was 40.34 years (±11.620) in patients with DLBCL and received chemotherapy only while in patients with DLBCL and received chemotherapy then HDC/ASCT was 42.66 years (±11.554). The 5-year overall survival in patients with chemotherapy only is not statistically significant compared with patients with chemotherapy and then HDC/ASCT (P = 0.202). Conclusion On the basis of our results, we can conclude that the outcome of HDC/ASCT in patients with DLBCL is nearly equal to the outcome of chemotherapy alone.


ABSTRACT Gentamicin doses of 2 and 10 μg/ml were bactericidal against 64% and 100%, respectively, of gentamicin-susceptible KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Treatment with the combination of doripenem (8 μg/ml) plus colistin (2 μg/ml) was inferior to treatment with gentamicin (2 μg/ml), doripenem-gentamicin, gentamicin-colistin, and doripenem-gentamicin-colistin against strains with glycine and aspartic acid insertions in OpmK36 porin at amino acid (aa) positions 134 and 135 (n = 9). Doripenem-colistin was comparable to other 2- or 3-drug regimens and superior to single drugs against wild-type/minor ompK36 mutants (n = 5). An algorithm incorporating ompK36 genotypes and susceptibility to gentamicin and doripenem may predict antimicrobial activity against KPC-producing K. pneumoniae.


This research aimed to investigate the current conditions in the measuring and assessment of learning. It was also to investigate the guidelines in the measuring and assessing of learning in the COVID-19 situation at secondary school in Udonthani. The qualitative data were collected by the interview, include a school director, academic supervisor, teacher, student, parent and supervisor. The data were analyzed and categorized into themes. The results showed that measuring and assessment the behavior of standards, indicators and each student's objective has an important objective but they were unsuccessful, so the teachers may be modify to use in planning and framework for implementation Emphasis is placed on modifying measurement and evaluation methods and criteria. In accordance with the context of the school and the conditions of the learners.


Guided by the CPSU, the Soviet Union has entered the period of communist construction. Our country's international prestige stands high as never before. Friendly relations have been set up with many foreign nations. Every year we witness wider exchanges of delegations and expansion of cultural and scientific contacts. Peoples of democratic as well as capitalist countries send their youth to study in the Soviet Union.


Taking the Group and individual event as research object,picking up the basketball,volleyball,soccer,table tennis,badminton,tennis,martial arts and taekwondo from 9 college high level sports teams in Nanjing as different event-group,through making statistical analysis of Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ),this paper studies the athletes' personality with connection event-group.The result shows that in the Eysenck personality questionnaire test system,the study referring to athletes of different event-group displays the significant difference on their P,E,N,L scale value comparing with control mold existence.There has significant correlation between athletes' personality and event-group constitution.The deeply understanding on athletes' persona-lity of different event-group is the key method for talent identification and mental regulation used by sports trai-ning center.


In this paper results of an experimental study on critical heat flux in nanofluid at quasi-stationary and stepwise heat generation are presented. Freon R21 with addition of 0.0077 vol.% of SiO 2 nanoparticles was used as test fluid. Boiling curves, critical heat fluxes and temperatures of boiling initiation were obtained for pure fluid and for nanofluid. It was shown that the addition of nanoparticles didn't affect heat transfer at pool boiling, but critical heat fluxes at quasi-stationary and stepwise heat generation were increased.


This paper presents a segmental autoencoder-based fault detection (FD) framework for nonlinear dynamic systems. The basic idea behind the proposed FD scheme is to identify a generalized kernel representation based on the representation knowledge learned from an autoencoder. By using the system data, several cascades, linking nonlinear operators, are employed to obtain a data-based model which describes the nonlinear dynamic behaviors. With the help of the segmental structure of an autoencoder, a residual generator is then constructed. Rigorous mathematical analysis and an application on a continuous stirred tank reactor demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FD method.


The phase equilibria in the iron rich parts of the R–Fe–Al (R5Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) phase diagrams at 5008C have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. As the aluminum contents in the series R (Fe Al ) are increased the hexagonal Th Ni type structure 2 12x x 17 2 17 (or a substitution derivative of that structure) transforms — usually via a hexagonal TbCu type derivative structure — into the 7 rhombohedral Th Zn type structure (or a substitution derivative of that structure). The hexagonal structures dominate at or below the 2 17 molar ratio R/(Fe,Al)52/17 (10.5 and 9.5 at.% R), while the rhombohedral structure dominates at higher R contents (11.5 at.%). The solubility of aluminum in the hexagonal structure increases as the atomic size of R decreases (from x50–3.42 in Tb Fe Al to 2 172x x x50–4.75 in Er Fe Al ), while that in the rhombohedral structure decreases (from x57.70–9.41 in Tb Fe Al to x55.70–7.03 in 2 172x x 2 172x x Er Fe Al ). The cell parameters suggest that the nature of the atomic substitutions in the various crystal structures changes as a 2 172x x function of both structure type and atomic size of R.  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Is su e 2 270 and who speculate about the inner psychological state of sufferers are problematized and dismissed. Following Dumont and other scholars (Kakar, Marriott, Marriott and Inden, for example), Dwyer points out that Indian notions of the self or personhood are very different from Western conceptions. He claims that persons in Indian society are collective beings, lacking individual autonomy, and that Cartesian conceptions of body and mind as well as emotion are characteristic of Western rather than Indian thought. Paradoxically however, although Dwyer draws attention to the differences between Indian and Western conceptions of self and emotion, he contends that fruitful comparisons between exorcism and psychotherapy can be made, particularly with a specific focus upon emotion. In discussing possession trance (peshi) and the role of emotion in exorcism at Balaji temple, he emphasizes that in both exorcism and psychotherapy transformation is frequently said to be effected by engaging the emotions. The patient de-identifies with pathological states of being and learns to re-identify the self in accordance with positive feelings and conceptions—a process activated by means of an emotional charge. However, Dwyer, like Kapferer, attacks the psychoanalytical approach to exorcist practice. Here he provides a searching critique of the hysteria thesis put forward by Sudhir Kakar, one of the first researchers to conduct a study of exorcism at Balaji temple in Mehndipur. He also targets writers who utilize the deprivation hypothesis, viewing spirit possession in India, or in neighboring countries, as inseparably connected with oppression, especially the oppression of women by men, socioeconomic inferiority, and the inability of subordinates to express their grievances openly. My confidence in and endorsement of this book does not mean that Graham Dwyer succeeds entirely in routing his opponents. The aim to give full value and force to the indigenous voice is praiseworthy, even unexceptional, but Dwyer's claims for the phenomenological approach can lead to a lack of reflexivity in which the insights of postmodern perspectives are ignored. Dwyer in my view overestimates the autonomy of the social realm and underestimates the complexity of privileging "indigenous discourse," the "native voice," "the social world of everyday common sense," and "taken-for-granted cultural and religious understandings." The phenomenological approach cannot entirely erase the authority of the authorial voice, the disciplinary culture of the anthropologist and his or her role in the production and interpretation of data. Moreover, the idea of the native voice may actually inhibit understanding of the multivocal, polysemic and often contested nature of the social activity observed. The analytical separation of "indigenous" and "Western" concepts tends to ignore fundamental changes taking place in society globally, changes affecting all areas of life. For example, globalization has meant that South Asian traditions now support, and export, a remarkably extensive range of spiritual and medical therapies, both cosmopolitan and indigenous. Finally, the positivist vision of value freedom leaves unexamined the feminist perspective that social research that is uncommitted tends to legitimize existing power relationships, in particular patriarchal oppression. In spite of these reservations The Divine and the Demonic significantly advances our understanding of supernatural affliction and its treatment in North India, and has important implications for the ethnographic study of religion.


Background: Mutations in the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (Pol-γ) have been linked to diseases with varying severity and age of onset. Results: Yeast cells expressing human Pol-γ reveal a correlation of Pol-γ fidelity with human disease onset. Conclusion: Humanized yeast provides an efficient system to correlate biochemical defects in Pol-γ with physiological consequences. Significance: The Pol-γ-associated diseases may be caused by the low accuracy of Pol-γ mutants, not low rates of replication. Mutations in the human mitochondrial polymerase (polymerase-γ (Pol-γ)) are associated with various mitochondrial disorders, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome, Alpers syndrome, and progressive external opthamalplegia. To correlate biochemically quantifiable defects resulting from point mutations in Pol-γ with their physiological consequences, we created "humanized" yeast, replacing the yeast mtDNA polymerase (MIP1) with human Pol-γ. Despite differences in the replication and repair mechanism, we show that the human polymerase efficiently complements the yeast mip1 knockouts, suggesting common fundamental mechanisms of replication and conserved interactions between the human polymerase and other components of the replisome. We also examined the effects of four disease-related point mutations (S305R, H932Y, Y951N, and Y955C) and an exonuclease-deficient mutant (D198A/E200A). In haploid cells, each mutant results in rapid mtDNA depletion, increased mutation frequency, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mutation frequencies measured in vivo equal those measured with purified enzyme in vitro. In heterozygous diploid cells, wild-type Pol-γ suppresses mutation-associated growth defects, but continuous growth eventually leads to aerobic respiration defects, reduced mtDNA content, and depolarized mitochondrial membranes. The severity of the Pol-γ mutant phenotype in heterozygous diploid humanized yeast correlates with the approximate age of disease onset and the severity of symptoms observed in humans.


Objective Analysing the risk factors f perinephric hematoma after percutaneous renal biopsy which guided by ultrasonic.Methods Retrospecting analysis the risk factors which contributed to perinephric hematoma in the 427 patients of our department who accepted percutaneous renal biopsy by ultrasonic guiding from Feb,2007 to Aug,2009.Results The incidence of perinephric hematoma and gross hematuria was 7.7% and 1.8% individually,sclerosis ratio,mesangium proliferation were significantly contributed to the perinephric hematoma according to the mulitiple factor correlation analysis.mulitiple factor unconditional logistic regression analysis proved that the creatinine was closely related with perinephric hematoma(P = 0.052,OR = 3.12).Conclusion High creatinine level was a high risk of perinephric hematoma,there were high incidence of perinephric hematoma in patients with priority of sclerosis of pathological change,mesangial cells and mesangial matrix proliferation were also significantly contributed to the perinephric hematoma.


Abstract : This represents the first detailed study of YATS data and a documentation of comparison of historical trends in youth attitudes. It examines reasons for recent increases in propensity for joining the Army and analyzes the propensity and quality of differences between the five region recruiting commands. Over the last 2 years, the percentage of high quality respondents has decreased while the percentage of low quality respondents has increased--significantly in both cases. Traditionally, most high quality respondents have been found in the Northeast Recruiting Region, followed by the Midwest, Western, Southwest and Southeast Regions. Medium quality respondents have been most numerous in the Southeast Region with the fewest in the Northeast and Midwest. The Southeast has had the greatest percentage of low quality respondents. The increase in pro-military index of prime market respondents indicates that the Army as a Service option has become more attractive. The attractiveness of military service, especially of the Army, as a stable and lasting source of employment is highly correlated to economic recession and lack of civilian job prospects. (Author)


The first intravital examination of bone marrow was made by Wolff 1 in 1903. This was performed by trepanation of the diaphyses of the tibias of small animals. Human bone marrow of a living subject was first examined by Ghedini 2 in 1908. This method was used by Schilling and a number of other writers, including myself. I found it quite difficult to use this method on many patients for the reason that it entailed a surgical operation, and it was obviously impossible to repeat the puncture more than once or twice on the same patient. The difficulties incident to an operation of this type were removed by Arinkin 3 in 1929. He used a large needle and trocar and punctured the body of the sternum under aseptic conditions, using a local anesthetic. Attention is called to the instrument 4 that I have devised and successfully used for this purpose.


![Figure][1]

Rb family–knockout cells express a neuronal protein (green) but don't take up a marker of proliferating cells (red).

Mammalian cells can arrest and differentiate even in the complete absence of Rb family proteins, [Wirt et al.][2] reveal.

The retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor


This article investigates Catherine Malabou's claims to have produced some form of beyond of deconstruction with her reworking of the Hegelian concept of 'plasticity' (Plastizität). In the light of Malabou's critique of the unsuitability of the Derridean non-concept of 'text' as metaphor for neuronal functioning in her Plasticité, I turn this question back on Malabou's own work; that is to say, this article will examine what the implications of the metaphorics of plasticity are for Malabou's own oeuvre and its relationship with neuroscience and her critique of connexionist capitalism. To this end, this article is particularly interested in the political claims made for plasticity and how some of the 'everyday' meanings of plasticity, and Malabou's decision not to incorporate them into her conceptual working through, might threaten this enterprise.


This chapter draws from Australian studies to explore policies associated with behavioral interventions for environmental stewardship. Each case focuses on attempts to influence the eco-behaviors of recreational users of aquatic environments and the division of eco-responsibility between individuals, communities, and government. The first case considers coercive policy approaches to effect change in recreational boaters' sewage disposal practices to reduce vessel-sourced marine pollution. The second case considers suasive policy approaches to encourage recreational fishers to voluntarily engage in positive eco-behaviors associated with the restoration and rehabilitation of fisheries habitats. In each case ascriptions of causal responsibility for environmental degradation and responsibility to act is identified and how these shape responses to eco-behavioral expectations discussed. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the potential utility of a complex model of behavior change which pays specific attention to context in the development of the behavioral intervention policy mix.


Julian Sheather considers two books that exemplify two approaches to bioethics—one abstract and philosophical, and the other practical and evidence based


Resistivity, thermal diffusivity, lattice and magnetic properties of double perovskite Sr2-xLaxMnMoO6 are investigated with systematic change of La doping concentration x from 0.0 to 0.4. The insulator to metal phase transition is observed with increasing x above 0.3, suggesting that the extra electrons via substitution of La^3+ for Sr^2+ ions occupy mainly the conduction Mo-4d band. According to the insulator to metal phase transition, the thermal diffusivity of Sr2-xLaxMnMoO6 enhances from 0.33cm^2/s at x=0.0 to 0.49cm^2/s at x=0.4. We further investigate the La doping effects on the lattice and magnetic properties.


Gene therapy holds promise to improve the treatment options of both inherited and acquired diseases like cardiovascular diseases. There is still a need for optimal gene delivery vectors for enhanced efficacy and safety. The aim of this research was to apply the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) derived lentiviral vector (LV) for different approaches of gene therapy. LVs have the ability to integrate into the host cell genome and are thus suitable for applications requiring long-term expression of the therapeutic gene. However, in such applications, there is a need to regulate the level of therapeutic protein expression. During this research, a LV system was developed and its efficacy tested for the capacity to adjust the amount of protein expressed or to switch the expression on and off by the addition of the antibiotic, doxycycline. This study demonstrates the ability to fine-tune the expression of a LV delivered therapeutic gene by adjusting the concentration of doxycycline within a range which can be achieved by oral administration. It also shows the functionality of the system in vivo in rat brain. Another approach for therapeutic gene regulation is to utilize an endogenous, pathophysiological stimulus of the target tissue. We designed a series of vectors exploiting a novel approach, oxidative stress induced gene regulation. This is an alluring concept for cardiovascular gene therapy applications, since oxidative stress plays a role in a number of cardiovascular diseases. Our results showed that antioxidant response elements introduced into LVs can be used for oxidative stress induced gene expression. Also, we studied whether LVs can be applied in a gene knock-down approach exploiting a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) – based method. Our results demonstrate efficient, long-term gene silencing by LV-shRNA both in cell culture and mouse brain. As a potential therapeutic application for LVs, we studied their ability to transduce cord blood (CB) derived progenitor cells and found that these cells could be efficiently transduced by LVs. CB is a unique source for hematopoietic stem cells and other progenitor cells, which can be exploited for novel cell therapy approaches. We also assessed the therapeutic potential of progenitor cells in a nude mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. We did not detect engraftment of progenitor cells into the target tissue. However, our results show enhanced regeneration of the ischemic muscle by progenitor cell injections. Based on these results, we suggest that progenitor cells may be beneficial in the recovery of injured tissue by indirect mechanisms. Taken together, this study demonstrates the applicability of HIV-1 based vectors as a basic research tool and a potential gene therapy vector, particularly for ex vivo approaches such as progenitor cell therapies. National Library of Medicine Classification: QU 470, QU 475, QZ 52, QW 168.5.H6, QU 325 Medical Subject Headings: Gene Therapy; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Vectors; Lentivirus; HIV-1; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Silencing; Doxycycline; Brain; Rats; Oxidative Stress; Umbilical Cord; Blood; Stem Cells; Transduction, Genetic; Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy; Ischemia; Muscle, Skeletal; Mice


Background: Choosing the appropriate endotracheal tube (ETT) size in pediatric patients is crucial to guarantee well ventilation and reliable end-tidal gas monitoring. Different methods have been established for choosing appropriate ETT size with varied validities depending on the demographics of the patients. Objectives: The primary objective is to investigate a relationship between the height of the patient and the appropriate ETT size and form a predictive formula. Design: A prospective, observational study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020 in a pediatric hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Setting: Patients below 14 years of age admitted for elective day surgery with American Society of Anesthesiologist Class 1 or 2 were invited to participate. Patients with anticipated difficult airway or neck mass or those refused to enroll were excluded. Methods: After obtaining institutional review board approval, informed consents were taken from all patients' guardians. Collected data were gathered in excel sheet. Main Outcome Measures: Demographic and clinical data were collected. The subglottic area was measured before induction of anesthesia by bedside ultrasound machine. No formulas were used for ETT size used. Sample Size: 71 children were included in the study. Results: The ETT based on the height of the patient was estimated using the formula below as "estimated ETT size if other formula used:" {INSIDE:1] estimated based on height. Pearson's correlation results revealed a positive association between the ETT used and ETT estimated. The relationship between variables is insignificant, with a P > 0.05. There was an overestimation in both the ETT used and ETT estimated in the stepwise regression analysis. About 88.5% overestimate the ETT used based on age, and about 89.7% overestimate the ETT based on patient height. The F-value change statistics indicates a statistical significance of ETT used and ETT estimated. Conclusion: It is crucial to have an accurate ETT tube size used in children. The height of the child was found to have good correlation with ETT size in our Saudi population. Limitation: Part of the limitations faced was the fact that it was a single-center study which may not represent the population from other areas.


We present here two dimensional layered perovskite‐type semiconductors as a way to obtain hybrid microcavities. Ten different perovskites have been synthesized, which absorption ernergies are in the range 2–3.65 eV. A Perot‐Fabry microcavity containing a two dimensional layer of (C6H5C2H4 — NH3)2PbI4 between a dielectric mirror and a metallic mirror has been fabricated and a strong coupling regime between the perovskite exciton (at 2.4 eV) and the confined photon mode has been observed at room temperature from angle‐resolved reflectivity experiments. The perovskite exciton at 3.65 eV is proposed to be coupled with the exciton of GaN inside a planar microcavity.


Nonenzymatic glycation leading to AGE formation is one of the important biochemical pathway involved in the development of the long-term diabetic complications and with a potential role in diabetic neuropathy. The aim of our study was in situ detection of AGE-immunoreactivity in sural and femoral nerve from type 2 diabetic patients with proximal diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Twelve patients with classic, abrupt-onset, sensorimotor form of PDN were included in the study (age 65.0 6.6 yrs, m/f 7/5, diabetes duration 12.5 5.6 yrs, PDN duration 4.2 1.7 mo, HbA1c 7.7%). The specimens were collected by biopsy of a small sensory branch of the femoral and sural nerve and AGE deposits were detected by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The primary antibody was polyclonal anti-AGE. Competitive ELISA was measured total serum AGEs and blocking ELISA was used for the measurement of anti-AGE autoantibodies. Soluble AGE-immune complexes were detected by immunochemical method. Immunohistochemical examination under fluorescence microscope demonstrated AGE deposit located in the perineurium, focally in the endoneurium, and in the myelin protein area of diabetic nerves. A strong AGE positivity was detected in five out of six femoral nerve samples, and was located mainly in the myelin sheath. In sural nerve sections AGE deposition was found in the myelin, perineurium, and focally in the endoneurium. Six of them showed positivity in all the patterns, while in one sural nerve section AGE deposit appeared in the perineurium only. The AGE-immunoreactivity in control speciment was negative or very low intensity. Total AGEs, free anti-AGE antibodies and circulating AGE-IC were significantly higher in diabetic (n=12) than in control (n=20) serum samples (AGEs: 38.6 6.9 vs 25.1 7.2 ugEq/ml, p<0.00 ; Anti-AGE antibodies 58.7 20.2 vs 17.4 15.4 AU, p<0.00 ; AGE-IC 5.9 2.4 vs 3.39 1.1 AU ; p<0.00) Our study demonstrate excessive AGE deposition on periferal nerve cytoskeletal and myelin protein components, and significantly higher circulating AGE-immune complexes in condition of human diabetic neuropathy.


Introduction: This study was carried out to clarify the effect of group counseling based on reality therapy on identity crisis in students of guidance schools. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted in Khorram Abad city, western part of Iran in 2007-8. Cluster sampling method was used to select 418 students among who were studying in third grade of guidance school in Khorram Abad. All subjects completed the personal identity inventory as a pre-test, and then 32 students who obtained the higher scores were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Sixteen students formed the experimental group, who were received 10 sessions of group counseling based on reality therapy. Control group were 16 students, who did not experience any intervention. At last, experimental and control groups fulfilled the personal identity inventory once more as a post-test. Descriptive indices, multi-variable regression and ANCOVA tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Mean of personal identity score of students was 12.65 ± 7.43 and 72 persons suffered from high amount of identity crisis. Multi-variable regression showed that group counseling based on reality therapy approach could significantly reduce the identity crisis among students (P 0.05).


For Al-11.6%Si alloy,the influence of the addition of Sr on the morphology of the dendrite α phase was investigated,and the characteristic parameters of the dendrite α phase,the primary dendrite spacing and the secondary dendr ite arm spacing,were also measured. The addition of strontium promotes the colu mnar dendrite growth and leads to a decrease of both the primary dendrite spacin g and secondary dendrite arm spacing with the increase of the content of stronti um in the modified near-eutectic Al-Si alloys. It is thought that the addition of Sr leads to a reduction of the solid-liquid interfacial energy of the dendr ite α phase,consequently resulting in a decrease of the growth undercoolin g of dendrite tips. And hence,the nucleation of the equiaxed grains in the liqu id in front of the columnar dendrite tips is restrained,thus the addition of st rontium in Al-Si alloys promotes the growth of the columnar dendrites. The redu ction of the solid-liquid interfacial energy also leads to the decreases in the primary dendrite spacing and the secondary dendrite arm spacing.


Abstract Spiro indane-1,3-dione pyrrolizidine compounds were synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cyclo-addition reaction of ninhydrin, L-proline and two kinds of alkene (chalcone and (E)-β-aryl-nitrostyrene). All these reactions proceeded with good yield and with high regio- and stereoselectivity. It was found that the use of two kinds of alkene lead to different regioselectivity. In the structure of D1 and D2, the electron-withdrawing group (EWG; benzoyl group) is attached to C-3 and the phenyl group is at C-4 of the newly constructed pyrrolidine. In the structure of D3-D7, the EWG (nitro group) is at C-4 and the phenyl group is at C-3 of the newly constructed pyrrolidine.


Groundwater arsenic contamination has become a major challenge for safe drinking water in the world.Today,over 100 million people worldwide are exposed to groundwater with elevated As concentrations.Therefore,extensive investigation on the mechanism of arsenic release into groundwater has a great significance for predicting the arsenic distribution and resolving the problem of arsenic contamination in groundwater.Based on the summary of previous research,this paper reviewed various theories and research progress on the arsenic mobilization in groundwater.The mechanism of As release through reductive dissolution of Fe oxides was emphasized,and the influence of microbes and organic carbon were also discussed in this paper.


I evaluate the pros and cons of a cognitive modelling approach based strictly on localist representations by examining a sequential decision-making architecture developed to model the neural basis of problem-solving. This architecture, comprising layers of graded-activation processing units interleaved with layers of approximately binary units, seems not only amenable to distributed representations in its graded layers, but actively in need of them in order to support levels of model complexity on the scale of symbolic systems. The architecture employs a key connectionist principle: that the semantics of a representation is defined by what is connected to what. Because of this choice, however, the architecture requires a combinatorially explosive number of localist units as problem complexity increases. I discuss the possibility of preventing combinatorial explosion by binding low-level representations into high-level representations through temporal synchrony, using the same dynamics that underlie decision-making in the architecture.


The following medical procedures also increase the risk of infection: • Inserting a tube into the body to drain or deliver fluids provides a pathway through which bacteria can enter • Surgery requires cutting the skin which is one of the body's most important defenses against infection • The over-use of antibiotics have caused the development of some drug resistant bacteria that are harder to destroy


A new phase, Bi2Nd4O9, was synthesized in the binary system Bi2O3-Nd2O3 and structurally characterized from powder X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in monoclinic symmetry with lattice parameters a = 6.7037(2) Angstrom, b = 3.9062(1) Angstrom, 3.9542(1) Angstrom, beta = 125.258(1)degrees, Z = 2, and a subcell space group of C2/m. Its average structure had been determined by X-ray powder diffraction and refined by the Rietveld method, The average structure can be described as an oxygen-deficient fluorite structure of the delta-Bi2O3 type with Nd and Bi randomly distributed on the cation site, similar to Bi2La4O9 reported by Chen et al. (J. Solid State Chem. 124, 300 (1996)). In addition, a strong superstructure had been observed by transmission electron microscopy. (C) 2000 Academic Press.


Liangshan creating a national standardized raw potato production base of green food is not only the requirements of modern agricultural development but also the demands to improve the market competitiveness of Liangshan potatoes and to promote farmers'income.The prefecture strengthens the eight systems:the creation work of the national standardized raw potato production base of green food,the increase of business training and technical guidance,supervision and management to create a base,and strictly complying with the operations,relying on the base to manage,technical services and so on in order to achieve the desired objectives.


Blood pressure elevation is known to be a determining risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Although blood pressure increase has many causative factors, numerous drugs have also been reported to increase blood pressure. Drugs are often overlooked as a reason of hypertension. A few medications that usually help to reduce blood pressure may increase blood pressure paradoxically or may lead to blood pressure elevation on discontinuation due to a rebound effect. Detailed evaluation of patient's medical therapy may help to identify the culprit drug. Discontinuation of the causative agent is recommended once the drug induced hypertension has been identified. The present review summarizes the therapeutic agents that can induce hypertension and would allow the clinician to recognize this entity and to take the appropriate therapeutic measures.


The present paper describes accurate and approximate methods of calculating transients on a crossbonded cable. Calculated results are compared with field test results, and the accuracy of the calculation, which has never been discussed in the previous publications, is proved. It is characteristic to a crossbonded cable that the sheath overvoltage is much greater than that on a noncrossbonded cable. This overvoltage is due to the reflection of a traveling-wave from the crossbonded points. The approximate method of a calculation shows satisfactory results with much smaller computation time in comparison with the accurate method if the number of crossbonding is large.


On a bounded three-dimensional smooth domain, we consider the generalized oscillon equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions, with time-dependent damping and time-dependent squared speed of propagation. Under structural assumptions on the damping and the speed of propagation, which include the relevant physical case of reheating phase of inflation, we establish the existence of a pullback global attractor of optimal regularity, and finite-dimensionality of the kernel sections.


The subtitle, A complete guide to what to expect and how to get the counselling you need, made me sceptical. Can anything be 'complete' in this area? A flick through, however, told me that there is really something complete here.


This paper explores the issue of freedom from control as a central part of leisure. It highlights the complex links between the concept of leisure based on perceived freedom of choice and the nature of power, control and dependency in a modern democracy. It relates, from women's perspective, the control of their behaviour by socially ascribed roles affecting their uncommitted time and their capacity to choose activities likely to lead to leisure; by the media's presentation of information, which rarely acknowledges their participation and fails to provide appropriate role models to encourage women to integrate physical recreation into their lifestyles, and by their under representation on decision making bodies. These controls encourage women to remain dependent. For change to occur, both decision makers at all levels and women must appreciate the advantage for society and themselves in having women living lifestyles which include full leisure experiences.


This study investigates the thermal design of 2-D vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays for optical output power improvement. Considering the temperature dependencies of bias current, internal quantum efficiency, internal optical loss, and thermal resistance of each array cell, a compact electro-opto-thermal model of 2-D VCSEL arrays with linear power dissipation and quadratic power dissipation in each array cell is established to study the effects of array cell spacing and layout on the device performance. At the same time, the power dissipation mechanisms contributing to thermal rollover are also studied. It is found that the array cell spacing has a strong influence on the linear power dissipation, and the layout (such as hexagonal design) influences quadratic power dissipation obviously. With the careful design of array cell spacing and layout, both the temperature profile and the thermal resistance matrix of VCSEL arrays are improved, which is helpful to delay the onset of thermal rollover and hence enhance the optical output power. The simulation results are consistent with experimental results.


The aim of this study is to measure the impact of 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) based on functional exercises on the following variables in handball female players: weight (kg), body mass index (BMI), % fat, jumping (cm), repeated sprint ability (RSA), aerobic capacity. Fourteen female players were randomly assigned either to an experimental group (GE, n=7) which would undertake a "mixed functional HIIT" (combining strength, coordination and plyometric exercises) before training sessions, or to a control group (GC, n=7), in which HIIT was replaced by usual warm-up exercises in the field. The intervention programme lasted 8 weeks, with two training sessions a week. A pre-test and post-test on each variable were carried out. The intra-group GC analysis showed no significant changes between the pre- and post-test in any variable. Figures for the GE, though, showed significant changes: a 3.45% (d=0.67) reduction in % fat of players, RSA execution time went down by 7.22% RSA (d=0.82), and VO2max increased by 6.19% (d=0.78). These results seem to point to "mixed functional HIIT" as an effective strategy to improve body composition and performance in female handball players.


Infection with hepatitis C and hepatitis B viruses is common among injecting drug users.1–4 In a sample of blood donors only 0.01% were positive for antibodies to hepatitis C virus,5 whereas 59% of injecting drug users in East Anglia were positive, with 22% also positive for hepatitis B virus.2 Rhodes et al reported that about half (58% in 1992 and 50% in 1993) of those whose salivary specimens contained antibodies to hepatitis B virus were unaware of their infection.4 Although drug users are generally aware of the risks of infection, their awareness of their own status is uncertain. We tested opiate addicts receiving methadone maintenance treatment for markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection and compared the results with their beliefs about their viral status.

We collected data on 106 injecting opiate addicts attending a methadone maintenance clinic in London. Sufficient blood …


The genus Protosphyraena is known mainly from partial remains, consisting of isolated blade-like teeth, conical rostra and scythe-like pectoral fins. This paper provides a new insight into partial specimens of the genus Protosphyraena from the Cretaceous of NE Italy, housed in historical collections from local paleontological museums and previously poorly known to the international scientific community. The specimens are referred to the species Protosphyraena ferox, based on the morphology of the pectoral fin. This attribution is consistent with the paleobiogeographic distribution and stratigraphic range of this taxon. The Italian material provides new information about the distribution in time and space of Protosphyraena, which is relatively poorly known despite being an iconic taxon. The Italian remains, although fragmentary, contribute to fill a gap in the central Tethys record of the genus, whose range probably extended worldwide, considering also the genus Australopachycormus and its profound (possibly congeneric) similarities.


Gallium-nitride (GaN) is a promising material platform for integrated electro-optic devices due to its wide direct bandgap, pronounced nonlinearities and high optical damage threshold. Low-loss ridge waveguides in GaN layers were recently demonstrated. In this work we provide a first report of four-wave mixing in a GaN waveguide at telecommunication wavelengths, and observe comparatively high nonlinear propagation parameters. The nonlinear coefficient of the waveguide is measured as 1.6 +/- 0.45 [W*m]-1, and the corresponding third-order nonlinear parameter of GaN is estimated as 3.4e-18 +/- 1e-18 [m^2/W]. The results suggest that GaN waveguides could be instrumental in nonlinear-optical signal processing applications.


It is generally accepted that failure to reason correctly during the early stages of software development causes developers to make incorrect decisions which can lead to the introduction of faults or anomalies in systems. Most key development decisions are usually made at the early system specification stage of a software project and developers do not receive feedback on their accuracy until near its completion. Software metrics are generally aimed at the coding or testing stages of development, however, when the repercussions of erroneous work have already been incurred. This paper presents a tentative model for predicting those parts of formal specifications which are most likely to admit erroneous inferences, in order that potential sources of human error may be reduced. The empirical data populating the model was generated during a series of cognitive experiments aimed at identifying linguistic properties of the Z notation which are prone to admit non-logical reasoning errors and biases in trained users.


A first object of the present invention is a resin composition for sealing an optical semiconductor, has a good curability, and raw storage stability excellent in the sealing resin layer; preferably further weathering to provide a material of the sealing resin layer excellent in resistance. The first embodiment of Menfutomezai for an optical semiconductor of the present invention, the epoxy resin (a) having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule, Zn, Bi, Ca, Al, Cd, La, Zr 1 and or more metal ions, a possible said metal ions and complexing is a tertiary amine having no N-H bond, an anionic ligand having a molecular weight of 17 to 200 selected from the group consisting of and a metal complex (b1) including bets, 25 ° C. with an E type viscometer, viscosity measured at 1.0rpm is 10~10000mPa · s.


Background: Hydromorphone has an intermediate lipid solubility range that falls between morphine and fentanyl. Lipophilic activity during opioid epidural administration is important in relation to both the side effects and analgesic efficacy. The purpose of this study was to compare epidural hydromorphone and fentanyl when concomitantly infused with bupivacaine in patients undergoing a thoracotomy. Methods: Seventy-seven thoracotomy patients, with patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA), were blindly allocated into two groups [group F (n = 34); 0.1% bupivacaine and fentanyl 5, group H (n = 34); 0.1% bupivacaine and hydromorphone 16)]. The basal PCEA rate and demand dose were 4 ml/hr and 3 ml, respectively. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, and pruritus, sedation and nausea were measured at 6, 12 and 24 hours after the operation. Results: There were no significant differences in the VAS pain scores and the incidences of pruritus, nausea and sedation between the two groups. The total infused volume after 24 hours was lower in H compared to that of F group (P


Rationale: Early onset and progression of lung disease in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) indicates that sensitive noninvasive outcome measures are needed for diagnostic monitoring and early intervention clinical trials. The lung clearance index (LCI) and chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were shown to detect early lung disease in CF; however, the relationship between the two measures remains unknown. Objectives: To correlate the LCI with abnormalities detected by MRI and compare the sensitivity of the two techniques to detect responses to therapy for pulmonary exacerbations in children with CF. Methods: LCI determined by age‐adapted multiple breath washout techniques and MRI studies were performed in 97 clinically stable children with CF across the pediatric age range (0.2‐21.1 yr). Furthermore, LCI (n = 26) or MRI (n = 10) were performed at the time of pulmonary exacerbation and after antibiotic therapy. MRI was evaluated using a dedicated morphofunctional score. Measurements and Main Results: The LCI correlated with the global MRI score as well as MRI‐defined airway wall abnormalities, mucus plugging, and abnormal lung perfusion in infants and toddlers (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) and in older children (P < 0.001) with CF. LCI and MRI were sensitive to detect response to antibiotic therapy for pulmonary exacerbations. Conclusions: Our results indicate that LCI and MRI may be useful complementary tools for noninvasive monitoring and as quantitative endpoints in early intervention trials in children with CF. In this context, MRI enables detection of disease heterogeneity, including regional mucus plugging associated with abnormal lung perfusion in early CF lung disease. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02270476).


The objective of this study was to estimate the economic value of irrigation water used in a crop farm (paddy and chilies) using a Linear Programming approach in the Senanayake Samudra (Gal-Oya Irrigation Scheme) Right Bank System area in the Ampara District.Length: pp.89-94


Women academics face unparalleled challenges such as underrepresentation and marginalization in Chinese higher education. A review of the literature revealed a tendency in the scholarly discussions that separates gender from the social and organizational processes, which is a missed opportunity to better understand how gender interacts with the broader social, cultural, and political contexts. Using three major organizational theory perspectives, this conceptual paper addresses the issue of academic gender disparity through analyzing organizational culture, organizational management, and the way higher education institutions interact with the external environments. Higher education institutions are gendered organizations that create, fortify, and reproduce gender inequalities. This essay will provide various methodological, epistemological, and ontological possibilities of interventions for transformative organizational change.


This article firstly analyses the circumstance of "The third Italy"and the regional economy in Zhejiang Province,expatiates their characters and then,compares the similarities and differences of these two regions,in the end,advances a suggestion that Zhejiang should aim at its own advantages and disadvantages,not clone but use the successful mode of "The third Italy" for reference,and probes into an innovation mechanism for regional economy development。


Intprnational disagreeinent over non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma These discordant views on lymphoma classification engendered much heated debate, but today the verbal skirmishing which characterized the 'lymphoma wars' of the past has largely subsided, and an uneasy truce has established itself. But this is due more to exhaustion than to agreement. Most pathologists, at least in Europe, subscribe to the scheme proposed by Professor Lennert and his colleagues from Kiel (Gerard-Marchant et al, 1974; Lennert, 1978; Stansfeld et al. 1988; Lennert 81 Feller, 1992). In contrast, the majority of U.S. pathologists either use one of the schemes proposed by Kappaport and by Lukes and Collins, or support the 'Working Formulation', which represents an attempt in the early 1980s to establish a common international language for lymphoma pathologists and to give agreed names to entities in these conflicting schemes (NCI NonHodgkin's Classification Project Writing Committee, 198 5) . However. given the fact that lymphoma subtypes in one


Camptothecin, an anticancer component from Camptotheca acuminate, may interact with human serum albumin (HSA) at the subdomain IIA (site I), and then convert to its inactive form(carboxylate form). In this paper, the detailed electrochemical behaviors of camptothecin at a pyrolytic graphite electrode is presented. The interaction between camptothecin and HSA is also studied by electrochemical technique. By comparing with bovine serum albumin (BSA), which is highly homologous to HSA, we prove that camptothecin can specifically bind to HSA. Meanwhile, the inhibitory influence of sodium salicylate to this binding is also discussed.


Objective To study a possible synergism among rhBMP 2, TGF βand bFGF in osteogenesis.Methods 350 BALB/c mice were divided into five groups at random, 70 in each group. Mice receiving rhBMP 2/TGF β/bFGF served as the subject and those receiving respectively rhBMP 2/TGF β, rhBMP 2/bFGF, rhBMP 2 and carrier only served as the controls. In order to investigate the process of osteogenesis, histological analysis was performed at 12 hours, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 17, 21 days after implantation; meanwhile, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were measured at 7, 14, 21 days after implantation.Results Proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis induced by composite of rhBMP 2/TGF β/bFGF were prior to those induced by controls. The amount of osteogenesis was greater than those in the controls. ALP activity in the experimental group was higher than those in the controls at early stage, calcium content was higher than those in the controls obviously.Conclusion rhBMP 2, TGF βand bFGF exert a synergetic action to regulate osteogenesis.


We study the dynamical behavior of the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for initial value problems in ordinary differential equations. We make two different assumptions which guarantee that the continuous problem defines a dissipative dynamical system. We show that, under certain conditions, the discontinuous Galerkin approximation also defines a dissipative dynamical system and we study the approximation properties of the associated discrete dynamical system. We also study the behavior of difference schemes obtained by applying a quadrature formula to the integrals defining the discontinuous Galerkin approximation and construct two kinds of discrete finite element approximations that share the dissipativity properties of the original method.


A wideband time-domain reflectometer is used to evaluate the reflection characteristics of RF/microwave absorbers. The reflectometer uses an array of two identical broadband antennas (both transmitting and receiving). The two antennas are used in a difference mode to remove the undesired signals and enhance the small reflections being measured. Using this technique, one can separate the target surface reflection from those generated outside the target area. The bandwidth of the pulses is 30 to 1000 MHz, and the reflection coefficient is measured over this range. The method has been used to characterize the reflectivity of three different types of absorber placed in an anechoic chamber. The results are reported together with a discussion of the main sources of errors. >


Abstract Objective: to describe the results from intravenous calcium loads in patients with suspected PHPT. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with inpatients' data review. Baseline serum calcium, phosphates, magnesium, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, beta-crosslinks were recorded. The calcium loading had been performed after an overnight fasting. Calcium gluconate 0.25 mmol/kg body weight (10 mg/kg) dissolved in 0.9% Sodium Chloride was infused intravenously for 3 hours. Blood samples for total serum calcium, phosphates and iPTH were drawn before and up to 60 minutes after the calcium load. The intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and 25(OH)-vitamin D were determined by electro-hemi-luminescence (Elecsys, Roche Diagnostics). The PTH inhibition rate in % (PTH-IR), the calcium increment, the ratio R (ΔPTH/ΔCalcium) and the product P (calcium X PTH at test end) were calculated. Results: 23 patients with PHPT had complete data from calcium loading tests. The PTH suppression was < 30% in 17.4% of the participants, 30% to 50% – in 21.7% and > 50% in the remaining 60.9%. One patient displayed PTH suppression > 75%. The Ratio R was < 4.0 in all but one patient. Product P was above 1100 mg/dl x pg/ml in 9 participants (39.1%). Sixteen patients (69.6%) had positive localization results from US or SPECT-CT. The level of PTH suppression was not related to any parameter except the volume of the suspected lesion. Conclusion: The calcium loading test was unable to differentiate the forms of PHPT. It did not add great value in the diagnostic work-up of PHPT.


Yield criterion has great influence on results by model of coal burst and instability.Taking into account the functions of the middle principal stress and the support resistance,the instability model of translatory coal burst was derived by using Druker-Prager yield criterion.Analytical formulas for stresses in seam,disturbed area length and plastic area length are obtained,and the results by these formulas are compared with that by Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion.The influences of support resistance,in-situ rock stress and roadway's size on the coal burst and instability were discussed.The conclusions are drawn as following:the stress distribution curves obtained by the method have obvious characteristics of the typical stress distribution in coal seam;the evaluation result for coal burst and instability by using the Druker-Prager yield criterion is more reliable;strengthening supporting as well as reducing ratio of width to height of the roadway is beneficial to control of burst and instability of the deep coal.


An improved drift approximation model with an added radial electrostatic field has been successfully developed. Our model provides a computationally efficient way of quantitatively describing the plasma motion and predicting the plasma behavior in the toroidal solenoid in a filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) system. Storer's (1989) experimental results have been successfully simulated by this model. A good quantitative fit is obtained for our simulation results to the measured ion currents versus distance along the torus for various B field strengths, the attenuation length, and the wall current. The model describes the change of plasma density along the torus and provides the value of the electron-ion collision frequency at various conditions. The effect of the magnetic field and radial electric field on the plasma transportation can be assessed by the simulation and various plasma parameters can be determined. It is found that the radial electric field confines the 3-directional drift of the ions and is one of the most important parameters in determining the ion throughput. For any given B field strength and plasma parameters, there is a peak ion output corresponding to an optimal potential difference which can be obtained by the simulation. Over three times more ion output can be achieved when the torus wall is appropriately biased.


The application of middle-infrared spectroscopy to the study of molecular abundances in planetary atmospheres is discussed with particular reference to the Jovian atmosphere. Data on the observed composition of the Jovian atmosphere are examined with speculation as to the sources of the minor components. Solar and Jovian elemental abundances are contrasted, and a dynamical meteorological model of Jupiter's atmosphere is summarized. An observed high-altitude spectrum of Jupiter is compared with synthetic H2O spectra calculated for two abundances (solar and observed). The observed composition of Saturn's atmosphere is reported, and middle-IR studies of terrestrial planets are surveyed.


The 100 Tm synchrotron SIS 100 is the core component of the international Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) to be built in Darmstadt. An intensive R&D period was conducted to design 3m long 2T dipoles providing a stable ramp rate of 4 T/s within an usable aperture of 115mm x 60mm with minimum AC losses, high field quality and good long term operation stability. Three full size dipole - and one quadrupole magnets were built. Recently the first dipole magnet, produced by Babcock Noell, was intensively tested at the GSI cryogenic test facility. We present the measured characteristic parameters: training behaviour, the field quality along the load line for DC operation as well as on the ramp, AC losses, and the cryogenic operation limits. We compare them to the calculated results as well as to the requested design performance. Based on the obtained results we discuss adjustments for the final design.


When financial misconduct is discovered, the company caught cooking the books suffers a fall in market value, but so do its industry peers, because the accusation triggers investors' perceptions that other companies in the industry may have engaged in similar misconduct (stigma effect). Interestingly, however, a few close competitors of the wrongdoer could actually benefit from the scandal by acquiring its disgruntled customers, which could boost their market value (competition effect).


This paper describes in detail a macroscopic urban planning model. The model predicts the urban traffic pattern given the geographic distribution of homes and work places and the routes that commuters are assumed to follow. Results are given for the average distance travelled, the expected number of crossings of commuters' routes and the predicted flow at a particular point in the city. Some comments are made on the model's applicability as a practical transportation planning model (a).


In this article,a computer-aided designation of control system based on Proteus is introduced. Aimed to reduce the period and fund in designing process. The control of closed loop DC-motor is used to be an example to illustrate the process of the designation and testify its feasibility.


Abstract The influence of Dr Ronald Goldman's work on RE in the 1960s is not disputed. However, questions still remain about what was actually measured by his questionnaire. This article describes an attempt to define the constructs inherent in Goldman's work, to examine what his instrument was actually assessing, and to what extent his instrument can be shown to measure unidimensional factors. It is shown by this study that the statements made by children of different ages and quoted by Goldman as representing different levels of thinking do not cohere well. Nonetheless it is possible to identify a number of these statements which do cohere well. However, even these purified cores of statements do not function as Goldman predicted, that is, as a measure of cognitive development related to age. No correlation can be shown between the so‐called levels of thinking and age. However, an highly significant correlation emerges between 'level' of thinking and church attendance. This leads to the suggestion that ...


In the context of globalization of information provided by the introduction of various improvements in education and innovation. The main innovation in the preparation of new routes have been questions about the requirements to them. Teacher education and creative abilities, creative reflection, creative self-development will be consistent with the creative independence. The learning process of creative tasks students are constantly running a professional organization and its future depends on the competence of teachers consistent research and teaching. In accordance with the new paradigm of education in the formation of students' interest in creative, interactive, information, due to the nature of their research technologies. Currently, students in education opportunities for creative innovation in the process of formation of interest. Learning reflection values include the importance of the initiative and creativity of the individual. The sequence of the new information technologies, communication and cognitive skills of students associated with the life and creative analysis of the features of interest and creativity in the development of speech.


We consider a new vortex approximation for solving the initial-value problem for the Euler equations in two dimensions. We assume there exists a smooth solution to these equations and that the vorticity has compact support. Then we show that our ap- proximation to the velocity field converges uniformly in space and time for a short time interval.


The paper deals with stiff systems of differential equations. To solve this sort of system numerically is a difficult task. There are many (implicit) methods for solving stiff systems of ordinary differential equations (ODE's), from the most simple such as implicit Euler method to more sophisticated (implicit Runge-Kutta methods) and finally the general linear methods. The mathematical formulation of the methods often looks clear, however the implicit nature of those methods implies several implementation problems. Usually a quite complicated auxiliary system of equations has to be solved in each step. These facts lead to immense amount of work to be done in each step of the computation. These are the reasons why one has to think twice before using the stiff solver and to decide between the stiff and non-stiff solver. On the other hand a very interesting and promising numerical method of solving systems of ordinary differential equations based on Taylor series has appeared. The potential of the Taylor series has been exposed by many practical experiments and a way of detection and solution of large systems of ordinary differential equations has been found.


Comprehensive guide to Literary Criticism resources Learn all about annotated bibliographies - what they are, what they consist of, and how to successfully create them


importance of cultural and structural factors in explaining differences in Japanese and U.S. orientations to dispute resolutions. However, culture does not have a life of its own; the authors treat cultural differences as deriving directly from different kinds of social relationships. This begs the question of why different relationships exist? The authors do not explain the differential distribution of relationships in Japan and the U. S. Moreover, there is no scope for conflict or divergence between culture and structure. According to Hamilton and Sanders 'once it is in existence, a legal culture can play an active role in maintaining, justifying, and directing legal structure' (1992, 88), and legal culture legitimises and supports legal structural arrange-


This paper deals with the identification method of rotor time constant in the 3-phase induction machines at standstill. The effect of inverter nonlinearity by dead time is alleviated by the proposed algorithm. The study proposes modified voltage model as reference model and uses current model as adaptive model. The algorithm is verified in the simulation and the experiment.


This paper aims to provide a literature review of corporate wellness programs to develop recommendations for effective internal marketing of healthy behaviors in work environments.,A review of research literature published since 2000 addresses corporate wellness programs' justifications and best program design practices.,Corporate and employee benefits documented in the literature are reviewed and best practices from published literature are identified to guide the design of wellness programs. These include framing clear messages, alignment of corporate culture and business strategy with wellness program goals, senior leader support, clear objectives and evaluation, incorporation of peer support and enjoyable activities, utilization of effective priming for healthy choices and consideration of legal and ethical incentives.,Further research is needed, including how to frame messages for diverse work groups, how to carry out effective program assessments, what types of marketing appeals are effective, what wellness activities lead to healthy behavior change and how is increased employee productivity related to quality of life. Additional questions include how priming encourages healthy behaviors, what promotes healthy workplace cultures and what social marketing appeals promote healthy behaviors.,Senior managers can implement findings to create effective wellness programs benefiting employees and firms through improved employee health and productivity and reduced corporate health-care costs.,Effective wellness programs reduce overall health-care costs for society and provide improved participants' quality of work, personal and family life.,This research uniquely applies internal marketing, social marketing and marketing exchange concepts to best practices from the wellness literature and applies these to recommendations for effective corporate-based wellness programs.


Past operations at many Department of Energy (DOE) sites have resulted in the generation of several waste streams with high salt content. These wastes contain listed and characteristic hazardous constituents and are radioactive. The salts contained in the wastes are primarily chloride, sulfate, nitrate, metal oxides, and hydroxides. DOE has placed these types of wastes under the purview of the Mixed Waste Focus Area (MWFA). The MWFA has been tasked with developing and facilitating the implementation of technologies to treat these wastes in support of customer needs and requirements. The MWFA has developed a Technology Development Requirements Document (TDRD), which specifies performance requirements for technology owners and developers to use as a framework in developing effective waste treatment solutions. This project will demonstrate the use of polyester resins in encapsulating and solidifying DOE`s mixed wastes containing salts, as an alternative to conventional and other emerging immobilization technologies.


e17021Background: Bevacizumab (BEV) is approved for use in combination with chemotherapy for metastatic/recurrent cervical cancer (CC) based on the GOG 240 trial, which showed increased survival and response rates (RR). However, because of its contraindications, use of BEV is not always feasible or safe. The purpose of this study was to identify the percentage of metastatic/recurrent CC patients at our institution who would have been eligible to receive BEV according to eligibility criteria from GOG 240. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to identify metastatic CC patients treated at UFHealth between 2006-2016. Chart review was performed to determine their kidney, liver, and bone marrow function, ECOG performance status (PS), presence of an active bleeding condition or nonhealing wound, or inadequately treated venous thromboembolism. Data analysis was performed to determine if the patient would have been eligible to receive BEV based on eligibility criteria from GOG 240. Results: We identified 6...


Building retrofit has great potential to reduce CO2 emissions since buildings are responsible for 36% of emissions in the United States. Several existing studies have examined the effect of building retrofit measures on CO2 emission reduction. However, these studies oversimplified emission factors of electricity by adopting constant annual emission factors. This study uses hourly emission factors of electricity to analyze the effect of building retrofit measures on emission reduction using U.S. medium office buildings as an example. We analyzed CO2 emission reduction effects of eight building retrofit measures that related to envelop and mechanical system in five locations: Tampa, San Diego, Denver, Great Falls, and International Falls. The main findings are: (1) estimating CO2 emission reduction with constant emission factors overestimates the emission reduction for most measures in San Diego, while it underestimates the emission reduction for most measures in Denver and International Falls; (2) The same retrofit measure may have different effects in CO2 emission reduction depending on the climates. For instance, improving lighting efficiency and improving equipment efficiency have less impacts in emission reduction in cold climates than hot climates; and (3) The most energy efficient measure may not be the most emission efficient measure. For example, in Great Falls, the most energy efficient measure is improving equipment efficiency, but the most emission efficient measure is improving heating efficiency.


This paper studies the well-posedness of a class of nonlocal parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs), or equivalently equilibrium Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations, which has a strong tie with the characterization of the equilibrium strategies and the associated value functions for time-inconsistent stochastic control problems. Specifically, we consider nonlocality in both time and space, which allows for modelling of the stochastic control problems with initial-time-and-state dependent objective functionals. We leverage the method of continuity to show the global well-posedness within our proposed Banach space with our established Schauder prior estimate for the linearized nonlocal PDE. Then, we adopt a linearization method and Banach's fixed point arguments to show the local well-posedness of the nonlocal fully nonlinear case, while the global well-posedness is attainable provided that a very sharp a-priori estimate is available. On top of the well-posedness results, we also provide a probabilistic representation of the solutions to the nonlocal fully nonlinear PDEs and an estimate on the difference between the value functions of sophisticated and na\"{i}ve controllers. Finally, we give a financial example of time inconsistency that is proven to be globally solvable.


Study design, materials and methods We recruited 167 patients at our hospital who complained of nocturia. We measured sodium and creatinine levels in spot urine specimens and calculated daily estimated salt intake (g/day) according to age, height, and body weight [1]. Frequency-volume chart (FVC) and International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) were collected, and patients' sleep quality was evaluated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Past histories of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other lifestyle-related diseases were noted. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded, and blood samples were collected for evaluation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR,ml/min/1.73m).


This paper investigates the resolution performance of compressed sensing (CS) based methods for single frequency cross range radar imaging. Classical definition based CS (DCS) method and Fourier transform based CS (FTCS) method are compared with the conventional backpropagation (BP) technique. Numerical results show the DCS method has super-resolution ability while the FTCS and BP methods do not. In addition, the resolving power of the DCS method is highly related to the region of interest (ROI), that is, the smaller the ROI is, the higher resolution the DCS method has.


Objective To investigate the association between the various risk factors and hypertension prevalence in Zhejiang Province and provide scientific basis for hypertension individual protection.Methods A total of 15 083 residents over the age of 35 years from 32 communities in Zhejiang Province were investigated via a questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory tests by multistage randomized sampling.The risk factors of hypertension were analvzed by Logistic regression.Results Complete data were obtained in 14 596 residents.The hypertension prevalence rate over 35 years was 46.27% in Zhejiang,the prevalence rate in male were significantly lower than that in female (43.43%:49.10%,P<0.01).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that family history of hypertension (OR =4.16,95% CI:1.80-4.72),central obesity (OR =3.09,95% CI:1.83-4.62)and hyperlipidemia (OR =2.78,95% CI:1.55-3.01)were the top three risk factors for hypertension.The rates of awareness,treatment and control were 56.67%,42.46% and 28.88%,respectively.Women's awareness,treatment and control rates were significantly higher than man's (x2=1.91,17.29,237.14,P all<0.01).Conclusions Hypertension is highly prevalent and the rates of awareness,treatment,and control of hypertension are still rather low among residents in Zhejiang area over the age of 35.And family history of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,central obesity are the risk factors with high priority intervention for hypertensive prevention.

Key words:
Hypertension;  Epidemiology;  Risk factors


A fascination with messaging systems and paradoxical ontologies of sending have long informed Robyn Backen's installation practice. Most often her messages are public/private - obscure, occulted, and intimate - but sent with the public openness of a postcard, and often through the patterning of obsolete Morse code. One has the sense that the medium of transmission itself, the architectures which facilitate sending, take precedence over the message - whether she is coding secret Braille messages on a public handrail (Blindfold, 1995, Liverpool Public Library) where few will ever 'translate' and hence receive it, or carving dots and dashes of a text (by Indian novelist Amitav Ghosh) in Morse code into a wooden purdah screen in New Delhi (Purdah in the Kitchen,1999). In Heideggerian terms her secrets are a kind of standing reserve, a private withholding, in the full glare of day.


Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that expands our physical world by adding layers of digital information onto it. Even though AR has been present for some time, its solutions have been widely used in high-end applications which are sometimes costly and usually not suitable for large scale deployments. To-day, we have a lot of low budget mobile devices (smart-phones and tablets) with high processing capacities to run AR applications, so it is important that we rethink how we develop AR applications for the newly introduced devices on the market. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a model-driven development framework for multi-platform augmented reality applications.


Festination and freezing are typical and episodic gait disturbances of Parkinsonism, which constrain the life participation of patients. Gait training can reduce festination and freezing episodes by gait correction based on feedback and cueing-based walking. However, the training is normally restricted in clinical environment and it is tedious and labor-consuming for the therapists. To conduct in-home rehabilitation, safe solutions with feedback and cues rendering in real time to replace the therapists during training are expected. This paper describes a design of a walking assistive robot, which not only can give interactive feedback based on the abnormal gait detection, but also can display visual cues to activate the motions against freezing. With the safe construction design and the interactive training application, the robot can be used in home treatment. The functional performance of robot are verified. The experimental results show that the robot is able to correctly provide cues and feedback with respect to gait events and help against festination and freezing of gait.


Multi-component, multi-phase equilibrium analysis was used, to determine when a corrosion attack may occur and when an alloy may be resistant to corrosion at elevated temperatures. Although chemical equilibrium analysis does not consider processes governed by mass transport (diffusion) or other kinetic constraints, it provides a useful way to study the potential for corrosion in different gas environments. Comparison of chemical equilibrium calculations with the results of SEM investigations shows that equilibrium calculations usefully characterize the corrosion resistance of metals and alloys. Some examples are given and, in the case of AISI 310 and Alloy 6B in gasification environment, the agreement with practical experience is good. For corrosion in Diesel engines, calculations indicate that some risk for carburization or metal dusting exists with the alloy 13CrMo44. For the alloy Nimonic 80A, calculations indicate the presence of chromium oxides and aluminium oxides, and thus reduced corrosion risk.


Classical and quantum theory of spin waves in the vortex state of a mesoscopic submicron magnetic disk have been developed with account of the finite mass density of the vortex. Oscillations of the vortex core resemble oscillations of a charged string in a potential well in the presence of the magnetic field. A conventional gyrotropic frequencyappearsasagapinthespectrumofspinwavesofthevortex.Themassofthevortexhasbeencomputed, and the result agrees with experimental findings. The finite vortex mass generates a high-frequency branch of spin waves. The effects of an external magnetic field and dissipation have been addressed.


The biopsychosocial (BPS) approach proposed by Engel four decades ago was regarded as one of the most important developments in medicine and psychiatry in the late 20th century. Unlike the biomedical model, the BPS approach posits that biological, psychological, and social factors play a significant role in disease causation and treatment. This approach brought about a new way of conceptualizing mental health difficulties and engendered changes within research, medical teaching and practice. Global mental health (GMH) is a relatively new area of study and practice that seek to bridge inequities and inequality in mental healthcare services provision for people worldwide. The significance of the BPS approach for understanding mental health difficulties is being debated in the context of GMH initiatives. This paper critically evaluates strengths and weaknesses of the BPS approach to mental health difficulties and explores its relevance to GMH initiatives.


Avril 2004 Abstract. Optical injection is compared for distributed feedback semiconductor and fibre lasers whose wavelength is around 1550 nm. A spectral description of an injected semiconductor laser is presented for usual injected power (> 30 dBm), by mapping out several phenomena, such as bistable areas, undamped relaxation and chaos synchronization. For weak injection levels (< 30 dBm), the slave acts as a highquality amplifier of spectrally narrow signals. In this case, the slave frequency is pulled by the master one. Theory of weak injection is demonstrated using a generalized Airy's function method. We also present the temporal response of a fibre laser output power for static injection, and observe original dynamics linked to relaxation processes. A new method using optical injection is proposed to measure narrow linewidth or spontaneous emission rate.


Extended Abstract Physical unclonable function (PUF) has been emerging as a commercialized technology in hardware security for highly secure systems and utilizes fabrication process variation and inherent randomness as a source of function. [1] Conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology based PUFs have already been available on the market, but there are many obstacles to keep the system safe from various attacks due to their vulnerability toward model-and physicalattacks. [1-3] Therefore, to impede these attacks, various devices have been introduced so far such as phase change memory (PCM), spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM), carbon-nanotube field effect transistors (CNFETs) and resistive random access memory (RRAM). [4] Especially, the RRAM based PUF is a promised device due to its strong stochastic behavior and intrinsic variability characteristics [5]. The various types of the RRAM PUF devices have been introduced to prove their feasibility for PUF application [4]. Those PUF devices demonstrated their capability enough to realize an ideal PUF and to prevent the attacks by presenting large challenge response pairs (CRPs) with relatively smaller area than CMOS PUF. Nevertheless, in order to obtain more sufficient and stronger CRPs, larger footprint is still required for the previously proposed RRAM based PUFs because they utilize the stored resistance states to create a single response bit. In addition, retention issue is critical to reliably maintain their CRP spaces under various environments such as ambient temperature variation. To overcome these problems, novel RRAM PUF is introduced to exploit the multi-level-cell (MLC) characteristic, one of the RRAM natures. Moreover, the MLC based RRAM PUF can enhance the tolerance toward the physical and model attacks as well due to its re-configurability. The MLC RRAM based PUF can maximize cycle-tocycle and cell-to-cell variation to increase randomness of RRAM. The PUF proposed here can consequently increase the complexity in creation of CRPs and reduce the foot print of the PUF dramatically as well. The performance of PUF was evaluated by using uniqueness, randomness and bit error rate which satisfy ideally the expected value respectively.


Background: The occurrence of aberrant functional connectivity in the neuronal circuit is one of the integrative theories of the etiology of schizophrenia. Previous studies have reported that the protein and mRNA levels of the synapsin 2 (SYN2) and complexin 2 (CPLX2) genes were decreased in patients with schizophrenia. Synapsin 2 and complexin 2 are involved in synaptogenesis and the modulation of neurotransmitter release. This report presents a study of the association of polymorphisms of SYN2 and CPLX2 with schizophrenia in the Korean population.


The cellular metal materials can absorb a lot of energy due to their relative wide stress plateau,and it is widely used in the design of structural crashworthiness.However,some experimental results show that the stress or force enhancement will be observed when they are subjected to intense impacts,and therefore leads to severe damage of the objects being protected.The possible force/stress enhancement of 'real' cellular material subjected to intense impact load continuous in different times is investigated by using 2D Voronoi random models.The numerical simulation results of five kinds of irregular cellular metal materials show that the force/stress enhancement occurs in the force/stress transmission of cellular materials when the intensity of the impact load reaches to a certain value.


The aim of the study was to examine whether teachers` feedback are related to students´intrinsic motivation in physical education. Researchers are in disagreement when it comes to how much research ...


Phospholipase C has been increasingly recognized as a significant virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa carries two, non‐tandem genes encoding phospholipase C (PLC) activity. One PLC (PLC‐H) haemolyses human and sheep erythrocytes while the other is not haemolytic for these kinds of red blood cells. It was previously determined that the synthesis of both PLCs is regulated by inorganic phosphate (Pi), but little else was known regarding the regulation of these potentially important virulence determinants of P. aeruginosa. In this report, data are presented demonstrating that both PLC genes are regulated at the transcriptional level by Pi and by a P. aeruginosa homologue of the positive regulator of genes in the Pi regulon of Escherichia coli, i.e. PhoB. In addition to Pi, it is also shown in this report that the synthesis of both PLC‐H and PLC‐N is induced by compounds which are not only derived from the substrate product of both enzymes, i.e. phosphorylcholine, but are also known osmoprotectants in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The osmoprotective derivatives of phosphorylcholine which induce the synthesis of PLC in P. aeruginosa include choline, glycine betaine, and dimethylglycine, but not sarcosine (monomethylglycine) or glycine. By constructing mutants which are deficient in the production of each separate PLC and in the production of PhoB it was determined that induction of PLC‐H by the osmoprotective compounds is independent of Pi concentration and PhoB, while induction of PLC‐N by these compounds requires Pi‐deficient conditions and PhoB. It was further demonstrated that while an ionic osmolyte, such as NaCl, inhibited production of both enzymes in Pi‐deficient conditions, the presence of osmoprotective compounds, such as choline, restored synthesis of PLC when P. aeruginosa was grown in 0.5 M NaCl. In contrast to the inhibition of PLC production in 0.5 M NaCl in Pi‐deficient conditions, PLC production in an equivalent osmotic pressure generated by the neutral osmolyte sucrose was not inhibited, and choline markediy induced production of PLC in this ionically neutral, high osmotic environment. These observations are especially relevant to the pathogenic potential of PLC in the dehydrating (hence high osmotic) conditions of the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.


Early in the year 1906, Governor George C. Pardee offered Marcus C. Sloss the post on the California Supreme Court vacated by the death the preceding Christmas Day of Associate Justice Walter Van Dyke. Max Sloss, as he was commonly known, was a young San Franciscan who had just completed five years of a six-year term as Superior Judge to which he had been elected in 1900. The appointment was more than unsolicited; it was so unexpected that when Judge Sloss received the telephone call from the Governor, he half-suspected a bit of playful banter on the part of a relative addicted to such pranks, and was saved only by a combination of innate caution and good luck from responding in that vein. When Justice Sloss took his seat on the supreme court on February 1, 1906, he was not yet 37 years old. In November, 1906, he was elected for the unexpired balance of Van Dyke's term, and in November, 1910, he was re-elected for the ensuing full twelve-year term. On February 28, 1919, his fiftieth birthday, he resigned to resume the practice of law. His period of service was just over thirteen years-from shortly before the San Francisco earthquake and fire to shortly after the end of World War I. For lawyers accustomed to browsing in the California Reports, the period can be identified as running from Volume 148 to Volume 180. This paper, written only a few months after Judge Sloss's death, was prepared in response to a request for information on his contributions to the development of California law while on the bench. It is therefore inevitably an exercise in legal history. To be appreciated, the matters to be discussed must be seen in that perspective. The activities of the California Supreme Court, moreover, are inevitably a part of the history of California as a whole, no matter how much judicial detachment the justices may pursue or achieve. And California's history from 1906 to 1919 was turbulent and colorful. In the earlier volumes, we are repeatedly made aware of how profoundly San Francisco, then the unchallenged metropolis of the state, had been shaken, both physically by the catastrophe of 1906 and spiritually by the graft scandals culminating in the removal of Mayor Schmitz on his conviction for extortion and the imprisonment of the political boss, Abe Ruef.' We sense, too, the beginnings of the explosive growth of Los


Building sector plays an important role in climate impacts mitigation, as it is responsible for 40% of global energy use and global GHG emissions. Climate change has a dual implication on the built environment: on one hand human settlements and buildings are vulnerable to the effects of changing climate and on the other hand the building sector has a significant climate change mitigation potential. Although nowadays the trends are positive, the share of newly built low-energy buildings is very low, the near-zero-energy building market is in its early phase. Simultaneously the optimizing technologies in the building design are strongly highlighted. The presence of the energy and environment efficient buildings and the stringent building energy regulations of the EU need more accurate building design. The constant design parameters will come to foreground and their role will be appreciated. The relevant sustainable development and building policies, as well as the building design, construction and maintenance should jointly respond both to adaptation to and mitigation of climate change. This paper focuses the relevance of the main constant design parameter: How to take into account the increasing outdoor temperature in the building energy design.


EPSC-Model is able to predict the complex deformation behavior of Mg-RE and Mg-Li alloys within a wide range of strains. Modification of the texture by RE-elements and the addition of Li increases the activity of slip systems at low strains - Reorientation due to twinning is stretch over a larger range of plastic deformation. Deformation at high strains is realized mainly by the basal and the -pyramidal slip systems.


Abstract : It is well know that composite materials suffer complex damage when they are subjected to either monotonic or fatigue loading. This damage affects both the velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves. The primary objective of this research is to correlate the damage states with the changes in the velocity and attenuation. Once this has been accomplished the pair of ultrasonic parameters becomes a measure of the damage. A particular damage mode, namely, transverse cracking has been examined in detail. The Through-the-thickness attenuation was found to be a very sensitive measure of transverse cracking. In order to study the influence of damage axial stiffness, we have studied the propagation of Leaky-Lamb waves. As expected the transverse cracking significantly reduces the axial stiffness. Finally, a new experimental technique for measuring speed and attenuation of ultrasonic waves in laminates of very small thickness has been developed. Key Words: Ultrasonic nondestructive testing, Lamb waves.


We agree with J. Nasiłowski and colleagues that the use of NIV may be different in some geographical locations. However, as stated in the Methods section of our study: ''The survey was sent to all members of the Respiratory Intensive Care Assembly from the European Respiratory Society (ERS), members of the Acute Respiratory Failure Group from the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), and physicians working in the emergency department (ED) known to be involved in NIV practice or to have published articles on the topic'' [2]. This means that, as pointed out by the authors and as we stated in the Strengths and limitations section of our manuscript, our data cannot be generalised, as we may have missed physicians who are not members of any of these associations. Thus, surveying individuals meeting specific criteria (members of European societies) may have biased the results, but the use of associations' rosters to send out these surveys is common practice for this type of study; therefore there is an a priori bias that could not be easily solved.


Faith groups are increasingly regarded as important civil society participants in British urban governance. Faith engagement is linked to policies of social inclusion and "community cohesion," particularly in the context of government concerns about radicalization along religious lines. Primary research is drawn upon in developing a critical and explicitly multifaith analysis of faith involvement. A narrative approach is used to contrast the different perspectives of national policy makers, local stakeholders, and faith actors themselves. The narratives serve to illuminate not only this specific case but also the more general character of British urban governance as it takes on a more "decentered" form with greater blurring of boundaries between the public, private, and personal.


Animals heterozygous for the t/sup 6/ allele are known to exhibit reduced crossing over in the region near the allele. Testes of t/sup 6//+ males, however, showed first meiotic anaphase bridge frequencies that were not significantly different from those frequencies in T/+ or +/+ animals, nor from frequencies observed in other animals with normal chromosomal arrangements. Two other possible characteristics of inversions, frequencies of broken bridges at anaphase I and frequencies of fragments appearing alone at anaphase I, also were not significantly different between the genotypes. These data indicate that an inversion involving most of the region between T and H-2 is not a likely explanation for the suppression of crossing-over in that region attributable to the t/sup 6/ allele. (auth)