The present study has been earned out for fresh estimation of Gondwana and Tertiary coal reserves in India from mineable and unmineable point of view as per their depth of occurrence The re-estimated coal reserves are about 467 billion tonnes (bt), which are more than double the presently known coal reserves of about 213 bt estimated by Geological Survey of India (GSI) Further, the re-estimated reserves are segregated into shallow (mineable) and deeper (unmineable) categories of 161 bt and 306 bt, respectively An interesting point emerging out of this study is that much more than the Gondwana coal reserves of 213 bt are the reserves of Tertiary coals re-estimated at about 254 bt down to the depth of 1500 m Gondwana coals of 213 bt have been further sub-divided into shallow (mineable) of 149 bt and deeper (unmineable) of 64 bt The lertiary coals of 254 bt have also been further sub-divided into shallow (mineable) of 12 bt and deeper (unmineable) of 242 bt Out of the 242 bt deeper (unmineable) Tertiary coals, 123 bt occur in Gujarat, 100 bt in Rajasthan and 19 bt in Tamilnadu Out of 467 bt of reserves, 66% are deeper (unmineable), which need to be tapped by alternate means Three pronged strategy for their exploration and exploitation is suggested (1) Mining, of shallow coals/ lignites occurring at the depth of less than 300 m for power generation and industrial uses (2) Underground Coal Gasification (UCG), of low rank coals (lignite to sub-bituminous) occurring at moderate unmineable depths of 300-600m, where seams are relatively thicker (>3m), persistent with competent overburden strata and without much aquifer interference, and (3) Coalbed Methane (CBM) Extraction, from deeper (600-1500 m) unmineable coals of sub bituminous to bituminous rank.


To date, many genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have examined genetic variation in >100 individual blood metabolites or smaller panels of metabolites known to be related to cardiovascular diseases, such as lipids and glucose homeostasis markers. Emerging high-throughput technologies to determine components of the serum metabolome in combination with an unbiased GWAS approach may be capable of identifying genetic variation and unravel novel disease pathways beyond traditionally known blood metabolites in unselected population-based samples.

Although less sensitive than mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the methods that has emerged to examine serum metabolites, with little blood sample preparation required. NMR can be applied at a larger scale for targeted analyte measurement. In 5 cohorts of >8000 unrelated individuals from the Finnish population and 561 twins, 117 fasting serum metabolites were measured and 99 additional variables derived.1 Metabolites chosen covered mostly lipoproteins and lipids but also small molecules such as pyruvic and amino acids. Derived variables, predominantly ratios of metabolites, were selected to represent enzymatic reactions of lipolysis, proteolysis, ketogenesis, glycolysis, and their substrates. Three molecular windows for metabolite quantification were applied on the metabolomics platform (ie, separate windows for lipoproteins, lipids, and low-molecular-weight metabolites). Genetic variation of the phenotypes was determined through GWAS applying a comprehensive imputation panel of 7.7 million single …


The body of a classical guitar (consiting of the rib, back plate, top plate with bridge and fan bracing, soundhole and wooden block) which had been performed by 3‐D finite element method (FEM) was presented at the 151st meeting of the ASA (session 3aMU3 in Providence, RI). As a submittal, a real guitar was used whose geometrical parameters had precisely been modeled using a computer. The resulting computation has subsequently been matched to the measurements of an acoustical holography taken from the same guitar body. This time the aim was to demonstrate how closely the FEM model resembles the "real" sound radiation of the guitar. Acoustic holography graphically displays the characteristics of sound radiation from a given body. Again the mode‐shapes are of interest, but this time the characteristics of the sound in relation to the frequencies are of greater importance. They demonstrate how realistic the modulation is compared to the actual acoustics of the guitar.


According to the non-stationarity characteristics of the vibration signals from rolling bearing and the difficulty for obtaining enough fault samples,a comprehensive fault diagnosis method based on Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD),Singularity Value Decomposition(SVD),Renyi-entropy and Support Sector Machine(SVM) is proposed.Firstly,the denoised vibration signals are decomposed into a finite number of Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMF).Secondly,some IMF components are selected according to the criterion of mutual correlation coefficient between IMF components and denoised signal.Thirdly,the phase space of the selected IMF components is reconstructed so as to obtain the attractor orbit matrix.Fourthly,with the SVD method,singular value sequences are obtained,and then Renyi-entropies of these sequences are calculated as faulty eigenvector.Finally,the eigenvector serves as input of SVM classifier so that the faults of rolling bearing are recognized.Practical rolling bearing experiment data is used to verify this method,and the diagnosis results and comparative tests fully validate its effectiveness and generalization ability.


Abstract : We consider a model sensitivity problem of a dependent variable on several exogenous variables while the dependent variable has some missing data. Under certain assumptions on the model of selected sample and on the selection mechanism, a mixture model is derived and some statistical properties are discussed. This model gives a way to derive Pearson Lawley (PL) correction formula for the covariance matrix and leads to a modification when the missingness is not ignorable. A sensitivity analysis is then discussed for the PL method. Finally, this modified PL method is applied to a real data set from Project A of Office of Naval Research. The results show some difference from that of using Pearson-Lawley method or of using listwise deletion.


We describe some recent advances in the numerical solution of acoustic scattering problems. A major focus of the paper is the efficient solution of high frequency scattering problems via hybrid numerical-asymptotic boundary element methods. We also make connections to the unified transform method due to A. S. Fokas and co-authors, analysing particular instances of this method, proposed by J. A. De-Santo and co-authors, for problems of acoustic scattering by diffraction
gratings.


This paper focuses on of the wild fruit tree species in Guizhou province. The result shows that Guizhou has abundant wild fruit trees,with 42 families, 80 genera,280 species and 16 varieties. Most of these wild fruit trees belong to Rosaceae, Fagaceae, Moraceae, Actinidiaceae,Vitaceae, Rutaceae and Vacciniaceae . Qinanxi′nan , Qiannan,Qiandongnan and Tongren regions are rich in wild fruit trees, and Guiyang ,Zunyi ,Anshun and Liupanshui regions are lack in those . The Bray Curtis distance coefficients show that there are more similarities between Qiandongnan and Tongren, and the largest differences between Qianxi′nan and Liupanshui.


The genus name Synedra should now be used only for a group of marine species previously included in Catacombas, the latter name becoming a junior synonym. From a purely nomenclatural point of view, as numerous names remain in Synedra when they clearly do not belong there, a problem exists in how to treat those names. Two suggestions are made. One might explore existing names and their associated data; or one may treat the matter as a scientific problem, the problem of taxon relationships at various levels in the taxonomic hierarchy (genus, family, order, etc.), and explore the issue via systematic treatment of groups of species from the point of view of their monophyly. Monophyletic classifications at all ranks and supported by evidence (characters) allows a more scientific approach to understanding the relationships among various groups of species.


The problem of automatic recognition of specific oscillatory patterns on electroencephalograms (EEG) is addressed using the continuous wavelet-transform (CWT). A possibility of improving the quality of recognition by optimizing the choice of CWT parameters is discussed. An adaptive approach is proposed to identify sleep spindles (SS) and spike wave discharges (SWD) that assumes automatic selection of CWT-parameters reflecting the most informative features of the analyzed time-frequency structures. Advantages of the proposed technique over the standard wavelet-based approaches are considered.


This paper proposes an efficient method for design and implementation of the artificial intelligence (AI) of 'omok' game on the GPU. The proposed AI is designed on a cooperative structure using min-max game tree and genetic algorithm. Since the evaluation function needs intensive computation but is independently performed on a lot of candidates in the solution space, it is computed on the GPU in a massive parallel way. The implementation on NVIDIA CUDA and the experimental results show that it outperforms significantly over the CPU, in which parallel game tree and genetic algorithm on the GPU runs more than 400 times and 300 times faster than on the CPU. In the proposed cooperative AI, selective search using genetic algorithm is performed subsequently after the full search using game tree to search the solution space more efficiently as well as to avoid the thread overflow. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm enhances the AI significantly and makes it run within the time limit given by the game's rule.


Women of color discuss issues of race in a teaching and learning context. In doing so we will include discussion of the differences in the philosophical approaches to teaching about race in academe and the barriers encountered in the classroom. As women of color engaged in teaching courses on race and gender, focus on these topics has caused feelings of trepidation, frustration and excitement not only for us as educators, but for our students as well. When we as women of color engage in teaching courses on multiculturalism, equity, social justice, culture, race and gender we often encounter resistance by Euro-Americans. While Euro-Americans tend to act out of resistance, students of color have traditionally responded fully in the dialogue -sharing experiences and ideas or they have grown silent. In as much as we believe that institutions of higher education should allow people to reflect upon and engage in discussions about social inequities and injustices due to racism and sexism, we find that these issues continue to create tension and frustrations in the classroom. Moreover, we find that race and gender remain elusive topics in the classroom environment. Never the less there is a commitment to ensuring that race and gender are understood within the context of the social, cultural, political and historical reality which they affect. We know that this particular space was not designed with women of color in mind. We enter draped in a garb unlike that of others in the professorate. For our wear resembles that of a shield a shield of confidence, patience, knowledge, and understanding. While teaching courses that involve topics of race and gender have informed much of our understanding about how complicated and challenging these issues remain, we as women of color have a commitment to creating social change. Through our experiences on teaching about race and gender, we have come to understand the importance of talking to each other, engaging in a dialogue and sharing the ways in which we have used race as the unit of analysis in our discourse. The purpose of the roundtable discussion will be to offer an analysis of how race and gender factors into the classroom dynamic of teaching and learning. The methodological framework that guides this work is grounded in Afrocentric, womanist, feminist and critical race theory. The Afrocentric paradigm is a philosophical approach grounded in African Tradition (Flowers, 2003). It is more inclusive of the sociohistorical, political, race, class and gender contributions made in the learning development of African Americans. The womanist perspective acknowledges the intertwining realities that human beings experience within society where race, class and gender are interwoven (Sheared, 1994). The feminist pedagogy is defined as a method of teaching and learning that employs a political framework which attends to and/or encourages the following: 1) consciousness raising; 2) activism; and 3) a caring and safe environment. Implicit in this form of teaching, which is rooted in social justice, is an understanding of the universality of gender oppression and a critique of Western rationality, andocentric theories, structured inequalities, and unequal societal power relations (Lee & Johnson-Bailey 2004). Critical race theory is rooted in an understanding that race is the underlying unit of analysis used to deconstruct the ways in which racism affects our society. Moreover, it views racism as an outgrowth of oppression as a result of one groups exerting power and control over another because of the color of their skin. In our approach to present dialogue around this topic, the discussion is organized to share our experiences as educators who teach about race. In doing so we will include discussion of the differences in the philosophical approaches to teaching about race in academe and the barriers encountered in the classroom. Philosophical Differences On teaching race and understanding racism, women of color in the classroom find themselves to be a significant part of the equation. Women of color teach race and racism from experience in that we tell a story that is inclusive of many other voices at the margins. This is particularly significant for women of color as the knowledge construction for many of us comes through our own lived experiences (Sheared, 1994). Therefore, by shifting the center to include all, we allow for a better understanding of the interlocking systems of privilege and oppression (race, class, gender, etc.). When teaching race, a major conflict in academia is in how race and racism is constructed. The philosophical differences in how race is taught often interfere and offer another level of resistance for engaging one another in constructive dialogue. Many euro-centric academicians grounded in postmodernist social perspective, often see experience as a matter of competing discourses, personifying "voice" as if the voice or discourse itself constituted lived experience (Anderson & Hill-Collins; 2004, p 4). This perspective objectifies the reality of those experiences, rendering them as social data. Race Barriers Encountered in the Classroom The resistance of learners to engage in discourse that acknowledges the existence of white privilege and the myth of meritocracy is a barrier that renders learners motionless and ignores racism and gender biases. This is reflected in learner behaviors such as guilt, blame, accusations of prejudice, anger, and other forms of resistance. While this appears to be forms of powerlessness, this is really a demonstration of power so that those in the center can remain in the center and issues of oppression and social injustice become irrelevant topics of discussion. Transforming Thinking and Perspective In teaching about race and gender, we approach this endeavor with an aim of transforming perspectives and thinking. While this framework seeks to give voice to the experiences of those who exist on the margins and those who are silenced, it most emphatically recognizing and analyzes hierarchies, systems of domination and privilege that restrict full participation/true democracy and social justice within this society. As a result, learners are exposed to the conceptualization that race and gender inequities affect all individuals and groups in this society—whether they reside in the center or exist on the margins (Anderson & Hill-Collins; 2004). Women of color in the classroom who approach race and gender within this framework assume the responsibility of not only analyzing race and gender but also reconstructing knowledge to encompass the learner⎯ their experiences and their experiences with engaging in the dialogue of race and gender.


Research aim: To describe possible distinct effects between the causation and effectuation approach regarding the perception of factors that motivate business networking.Method/Approach: We present a quantitative research carried out through convenience sampling, a type of non-probabilistic sampling. We conducted a factor analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA).Originality/Relevance: There are only a few studies that associate the engagement of entrepreneurs in networks with entrepreneurial actions guided by the two different logics: causation, which emphasizes the selection of means to create the desired effect; and effectuation, which emphasizes possible effects to be created through the means available.Main findings: The findings show that there are significant differences between causal and effectual approaches to entrepreneurship and factors that motivate the participation in networks. The causal and effectual logic are not mutually exclusive; however, the intensity in each one entailed differences in the factors that motivate entrepreneurs to engage in networks. The research shows that causal and effectual entrepreneurs were motivated to participate in networks focusing mainly on benefits for the company.Theoretical/Methodological contributions: This research contributes not only to network studies, but also to entrepreneurship, considering that it highlights possible differences among the factors that motivate the insertion in networks by causal and effectual entrepreneurs. In addition, our study also explored the effect of different control variables on the perception of benefits from networking; these variables, however, had no influence on the perception of such benefits.


The civil engineer today who can express himself effectively on the job is worth $7,500 more a year to his employer and to himself—not to mention to the job and the public. With modern technological tools to apply advanced theory, and with today's new materials and methods, there is little a civil engineer cannot accomplish, if he is able to convey his ideas to others so they mean the same thing on the receiving end. Universities and institutes teach basic sciences, computer technology, and engineering applications, but precious few teach any courses on how to express ideas or to communicate.


The article presents an analysis of the relation- ship between violence as depicted and performed in video games and its often-suggested prolongation into the physical world. The first part of the article gives a critique of the causal relation between the two types of violence through a theoretical reflection of the relation- ship between discourse and violence. The mentioned causality is problematized further through the distinc- tion between the concepts of representation and perfor- mativity. The second and final part of the text moves to explain the pleasure of playing violent video games: it employs the psychoanalytical concept of death drive and connects it with the enjoyment in playing.


In this article, we emphasize the reasons of why we should simultaneously stimulate different nodes in what we called, heart-brain interorganic network to significantly increase the probability of recovering the vegetative state patients, or breaking the cardiac arrest.


OBJECTIVES
To assess the skeletal and dental maxillary transverse compensation (yaw) on the CBCT 3-dimensional reconstructed image of the skull in two groups of patients, both clinically affected by a class III malocclusion with deviation of the lower midline.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
An observational retrospective study was designed to analyse differences in two groups of patients, the first one was composed by patients affected by horizontal Condylar Hyperplasia, the second one by patients affected by dento-skeletal asymmetric class III malocclusion. Each group was composed by 15 patients. Transverse analysis was performed by measuring 5 landmarks (three bilateral and 2 uneven) with respect to a Mid-Sagittal Plane; sagittal analysis was performed by measuring the sagittal distance on the Midsagittal Plane between bilateral points. Means were compared through inferential analysis.

RESULTS
In the Condylar Hyperplasia group, all differences between the two sides were not statistically significant, nor for canines' difference (p=0.0817), nor for molars (p=0.1105) nor for jugular points (0.05871). In the class III group, the differences between the two sides were statistically significant for molars (p=0.0019) and jugular points (p=0.0031) but not for canines (p=0.1158). Comparing the two groups, significant differences were found only for incisors' midline deviation (p=0.0343) and canine (p=0.0177).

CONCLUSION
The study of the yaw on CBCT should be integrated into 3-dimensional cephalometry and could help in differentiate the various malocclusion patterns.


type="main" xml:id="joca12057-abs-0001"> The Allstate Foundation and the National Network to End Domestic Violence created a financial education curriculum to improve individual financial management skills and, ultimately, to improve domestic violence survivors' financial well-being. This study, guided by the reasoned action approach, evaluates their curriculum using a longitudinal randomized control study, with data collected over four time periods spanning 14 months. The analyses demonstrated that the treatment group had an average improvement between a half point to over a full point on self-reported financial knowledge, financial intentions, and financial behavior and a decrease in financial strain. Moreover, the impact of the curriculum persisted over time. The notable and lasting impact of participation in the curriculum for this study sample has critical implications for other agencies serving domestic violence survivors as well as other programs aimed at improving financial well-being among their clientele.


An analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted at 29 and 30 Doctor ́s Offices with the purpose of specifying the relation am ong levels of knowledge concerning bronchial asthma exacerbation together with its onset, access to medical care and duration of the status asthmaticus, during September 2010 to September 2011 at «Hermanos Cruz» Health Area. 34 patients presenting exacerbations of bronchial asthma, and other 84 who did not present exacerbations participated in the study. A questionnaire to explore variables of interest was applied, and chi square test was used to verify the association of variables up to a value of ƒ¿=0.05 of statistical significance. An association between exacerbation and level of knowledge was observed (X2= 15, 04; p= 0, 00011); OR= 5, 8. Triggering factors were: weather changes (91, 5%), inhalation of substances (88, 98%) and contagious respiratory disea ses (54, 2%). Less than 6 hours was the time (47, 1%) from the onset of symptoms to the exacerbations; 67,6% attended to medical care 12 hours after (Z= 2,57; p=4,94 E -03). Prevailing this last group of patients with an exacerbation of asthma greater than 24 hours (X2=12, 36; p=0,014). The relationship between level of knowledge to avoid exacerbations of asthma and the onset was confirmed. The majority of patients presented short periods of symptoms and delayed medical care, which was related to the duratio ns of these prolonged exacerbations of bronchial asthma. DeCS: Bronchial asthma/complications, Psychosomatic, Primary Health Care/classification.


Aim of study: The objective of this work was to identify possible morphological descriptors for teak clones, in order to support the cultivars protection process of this species.Area of study: This experiment was carried out in 'São José dos Quatro Marcos', Mato Grosso, midwest Brazil.Material and methods: A teak clonal test, assessing 18 clones, was evaluated at the ages of 29 and 41 months by means of 41 morphological characteristics, related mainly to the branches, leaves and trunk. The clonal test was established in a randomized block design composed by three blocks, each block containing 18 plots, one for each clone. Each plot had 36 plants, but only the innermost five individuals were selected and evaluated. The information was organized in a presence and absence matrix. Subsequently, genetic similarity measures were estimated, by means of the Jaccard index, and a clustering was performed by the Unweighted Pair Group Method using the Arithmetic averages (UPGMA) method.Main results: A total of 26 and 28 morphological characteristic that exhibited DHS (distinction, homogeneity and stability) were identified at the ages of 29 and 41 months, respectively. Of these, 17 characteristics showed the same behavior at 29 and 41 months of age. However, it is important to emphasize that the evaluation must be performed under the same planting conditions in which these descriptors were developed.Research highlights: These 17 morphological characteristics can compose the list of potential morphological descriptors to be used in the process of teak clones/cultivars protection.Keywords: cultivars protection; morphological characteristics; distinction, homogeneity; stability.


A 4n-parametric family of 4n-dimensional quasi-Kähler manifolds with Killing Norden metric is constructed on a Lie group. This family is characterized geometrically. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): Primary 53C15, 53C50; Secondary 32Q60, 53C55


Infrared thermography is a precise and noninvasive tool to measure the body surface temperature, and so heat stress. The traditional methods to measure the heat production in animals can be invasive and vary. There isn't a methodology specifying the best way to collect data with the thermographic camera. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the use of infrared thermography to measure heat production of Jersey heifers in different hours and days of evaluation. The experiment was conducted at UFGD, Dourados, MS, Brazil. Eight Jersey heifers allocated in pens, semi-covered, with natural ventilation were used to assess the thermographic images and physiological parameters. Data were collected during 5 days (Day 1, Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, Day 5), in different hours (Hour 1 = 6:00; 7:30; 9:00; 10:30; 12:00; Hour 2 = 12:00; 13:30; 15:30; 16:30; 18:00.). Environmental parameters were measured, by a thermohygrometer, to determine the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI). The mean temperature and relative air humidity were 29.23°C and 55.55%, respectively. Rectal temperature was obtained using a digital thermometer. Respiratory rate was determined by flank observation, it was counted the movements for 15 seconds and then multiplied by four so that the result could be expressed in movements min -1. Heart rate was measured using a stethoscope, counting for 15 seconds, also multiplied by four to express the unity in beats min -1. The IRT (Infrared temperatures) were obtained by using a Thermal Imager (Testo 880®) infrared camera in the following regions: head, left eye, left ear, nose, left shoulder area. The THI varied between 66.26 to 86.28, considering that the animals were under heat stress in some periods. Rectal temperature showed medium correlation with the IRT parameters and heart rate. Respiratory frequency had no correlation with the other parameters. IRT parameters presented a high correlation between themselves (head, eye, ear, nose, and shoulder). Day influences heart rate, respiratory frequency and IRT temperatures (P < 0.0001). Respiratory frequency is the only affected by the time of measurement (hour) (P < 0.0001). All the parameters measured had an effect of interaction (day x hour) (P < 0.0001), except for the respiratory frequency. The results show that respiratory frequency requires three days of measurement, one day for heart rate, and two days for any IRT temperature (head, eye, nose or shoulder). In conclusion, the time and number of days measured are important and can influence the results.


UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Department o f Economics Berkeley, C a l i f o r n i a Working Paper 8 617 ON THE RATE OF CONVERGENCE OF THE CORE Wan-Jin Kim December 1, 198 6 Key words: core, c o m p e t i t i v e gap, g a p - m i n i m i z i n g p r i c e s Abstract We r e l a x t h e two r e s t r i c t i v e assumptions i n Anderson's theorem (1986) which proves t h a t i n a g e n e r a l sequence o f f i n i t e economies with smooth p r e f e r e n c e s , the r a t e o f convergence o f t h e c o m p e t i t i v e gap w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e gap-minimizing p r i c e s i s the i n v e r s e o f t h e square o f t h e number o f agents. The assumptions are t h e boundary c o n d i t i o n and t h e s t r i c t p o s i t i v e n e s s of i n d i v i d u a l endowments. JEL Classification:


Compressional wave attenuation, Qp−1, and velocity, Vp, for an alkalic olivine basalt have been measured from 1250° to 1450°C and from 5 to 10 MHz by an ultrasonic interferometric technique. Vp shows no significant frequency or temperature dependence, and Qp−1 increases with increasing frequency and decreasing temperature. For the conditions of this study, the melt can be modeled as a viscoelastic material with a single thermally activated structural relaxation mechanism having an activation energy of 2.2 eV and a relaxation time on the order of 1 ns. The data presented here fall in the region of the relaxation spectrum where the frequency, f, is much smaller than the relaxation frequency, and the absorption coefficient is proportional to f². Analysis of the data suggests that (1) compressional wave losses will be negligible in a basalt melt at seismic frequencies, and (2) the volume viscosity of basalt melt is comparable in magnitude to shear viscosity.


Graphs and tables of differential cross sections are presented for elastic scattering of 88-MeV /sup 6/Li ions by targets of /sup 24/Mg, /sup 25/Mg, /sup 26/Mg, /sup 27/Al, /sup 40/Ca, /sup 44/Ca, /sup 59/Co, /sup 60/Ni, /sup 197/Au, /sup 207/Pb, /sup 208/Pb. Angular distributions were measured from approx. 10/sup 0/ c.m. in steps of 0.4/sup 0/ to approx. 50/sup 0/ c.m. and in larger steps to 60 or 70/sup 0/ c.m. Inelastic data for exciting the lowest 2/sup +/ states of /sup 24/Mg, /sup 26/Mg, /sup 44/Ca and /sup 60/Ni were also obtained.


Introduction: In view of the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer, new treatment modalities such as immunotherapy are under investigation. We have shown that a p53-SLP vaccine induces p53-specific T-cell responses. Yet, no clinical responses were observed possibly due to immune suppressive activity of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Objective: Purpose of this phase II single-arm clinical trial was to evaluate whether administration of low dose cyclophosphamide before vaccination improves immunogenicity of the p53-SLP vaccine in recurrent ovarian cancer patients. Methods: Eleven ovarian cancer patients with recurrent elevation of CA-125 were immunized with the p53-SLP vaccine preceded by low-dose cyclophosphamide. Vaccine-induced p53-specific T-cell responses were evaluated by IFN-γ ELISPOT, proliferation assay, flow cytometry and cytokine bead array. Treg activity was measured by Treg suppression assay. Tumor responses were evaluated with CA-125 levels and CT-scans. Results: Vaccine-induced p53-specific T-cells were observed in 90% (9/10) and 87.5% (7/8) of evaluable patients after two and four immunizations, respectively. Cyclophosphamide induced neither quantitative nor qualitative reduction of Tregs after administration of cyclophosphamide. Nonetheless, the number of vaccine-induced p53-specific T-cells was higher in the current study, compared to our previous study (p ≤ 0.012). Stable disease was observed in 2/10 (20.0%) patients and the remainder of patients (80.0%) showed clinical, biochemical and/or radiographic evidence of progressive disease. Conclusion: Combination of cyclophosphamide with p53-SLP induced no reduction of circulating Tregs. However cyclophosphamide enhanced the induction of a strong p53-specific T-cell response. Our results warrant new studies on the use of low-dose cyclophosphamide to potentiate the immunogenicity of anti-tumor vaccines.


In photorealistic image synthesis the radiative transfer equation is often not solved by simulating every wavelength of light, but instead by computing tristimulus transport, for instance using sRG...


This article proposes to analyse the use of cinematic FASP (fiction a substrat professionnel) as resource material in English for Legal Purposes (ELP) classes designed to promote learner consciousness of Anglo-Saxon professional legal culture.After an overview of the recently identified FASP genre and a presentation of the legal FASP sub-genre, the article sums up the specificities of ELP as opposed to ESP in general.In this context, it then focuses on "the French paradox" — the inversion of source and target professional cultures — one of the specific problems related to teaching ELP to French and other European law students when using culture specific cinematic FASP in a self-learning environment.The article concludes by viewing the didactic problem in a perspective of cultural anthropology to help understand the cognitive and affective processes at work during cultural self-discovery, whether professional or not.


The restoration of degraded land using biosolids provides a well known means of recycling these organic residues. In semiarid ecosystems they can enhance the chemical and physical properties of the soil and stimulate soil microbe growth and activity, leading to increases in soil fertility and quality. However, the respiratory activity in biosolids-treated soil may contribute to an increase in atmospheric CO2. Few studies examining CO2 emissions from biosolids-amended soils in semiarid climates have been conducted under field conditions. The aims of the present study were to determine the effect of applying different amounts of biosolids on the soil organic matter content and respiratory activity of a semiarid, abandoned agricultural soil. The CO2 fluxed from the soil surface (kg CO2 ha−1 d−1) was measured using a portable analyser. Soil temperature and soil water content were measured in the first 5 cm of soil. The results show that a large proportion of the organic matter incorporated into the soil via the biosolids was easily biodegradable in the first three years following its application. In addition, biosolids application generally increased soil CO2 emissions, although in a manner not proportional to the quantity applied. Differences in soil humidity were associated with differences in soil CO2 flux over the year. The soil water content was the major factor affecting soil respiration; a strong correlation was found between these variables. Soil respiration activity could serve as a useful index of soil biological activity, allowing the decomposition of biosolids under field conditions to be monitored.


INTRODUCTION: This study tested the hypothesis that ABT-888 (veliparib), a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, can modulate temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in recurrent, TMZ-refractory glioblastoma (GBM) patients. METHODS: The combination regimen (TMZ/ABT-888) was tested using 2 randomized schedules (5 or 21 days of a 28 day cycle). Two cohorts were studied: bevacizumab naive (BEV-N), and BEV refractory (BEV-R). Six-month progression free survival (PFS6) was the primary endpoint, with hypothesized rates of 30% for BEV-N and 15% for BEV-R; using one-sample binomial tests; alpha = 0.10 and 90% power. Arm 1 combined 40 mg BID ABT-888 with TMZ using the 21/ 28 day schedule at 75 mg/m2. Arm 2 combined ABT-888 (40 mg BID) with TMZ using the 5/ 28 day TMZ at 150-200 mg/m2. RESULTS: Of 151 BEV-N and 74 BEV-R patients, 10 were ineligible. The incidence rate of grade 3/4 myelosuppression was 20.0%. For both arms, PFS6 for BEV-N was 17.0%; 4.4% for BEV-R. Median overall survival (OS) was 10.3 months (95% CI, 8.4-12.0) for BEV-N and 4.7months (95%CI, 3.5-5.6) for BEV-R. The median PFS was essentially the same for both arms and both cohorts at ∼2.0M (95% CI, 1.9-2.1). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of TMZ and ABT-888 did not significantly improve PFS6 for either BEV-N or BEV-R patients with recurrent GBM who had been previously treated with TMZ. For both groups of patients, the objective response rate was low, and did not differ by treatment arm, and the OS and PFS were similar for both treatment arms. Although MGMT status was not included for eligibility and therefore not analyzed, the low response rates, low PFS and low OS suggest that the likelihood of a clinically meaningful benefit for an MGMT-defined subset is remote. Support: Supported by grants U10CA21661, U10CA180868, U10CA180822, U10CA37422, and UG1CA189867 from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and AbbVie.


We develop a graphical notation to introduce classical Lie algebras. Although this paper deals with well-known results, our pictorial point of view is slightly deferent to the traditional one. Our graphical notation is elementary and easy to handle, thus it provides an effective tool for computations with classical Lie algebras. Moreover, it may be regarded as a first and foundational step in the process of uncovering the categorical meaning of Lie algebras.


This paper presents an implementation method of an environmental context-responsive music recommendation system. First, a user's environmental context is identified by a scenic image input by users in this system. Second, the correlation between environmental context and impression (feeling data) are calculated. Third, the highly-correlated music data to the impression are selected and recommended to the user. The main features of this system are (1) to set the relations between real scenery, environmental context and colors as "color-environment database" by numerical values, (2) to identify the environmental context of users and extract the impression of an environmental context from scenic images acquired by camera devices in real time, (3) to set a space which represents the relations between the environmental context and music through the attributes of impressions, and (4) to calculate the correlation between the impression of the environmental context and music data on the space. To examine the feasibility of the system, we have performed several experiments by setting images of sky as data, identifying the high-correlated whether to the target data, extracting the impression of the whether, and selecting the highly-correlated music data to the impression of the whether. Keyword Information Recommendation, Multimedia, Personalization, Semantic Associative Search


Locomotion in animals provides a model for adaptive behavior as it is able to deal with various kinds of perturbations. Work in insects suggests that this evolved flexibility results from a modular architecture, which can be characterized by a recurrent neural network allowing for various emerging attractor states. Whereas a lower control-level coordinates joint movements on a short timescale, a higher-level handles action selection on longer timescales. Implementation of such a control system on a walking hexapod robot was able to deal with various walking patterns including disturbances such as uneven terrain or loss of a leg. Here, we propose a cognitive expansion to the adaptive control system that allows dealing with novel challenging situations. This approach makes use of an internal simulation-based planner that is triggered when the model-free controller fails to recover from an unstable pose. Using a grounded internal body model, the planner then tries, in internal simulation, different solutions out of context, and thus, proposes a new plan to be executed on the real robot. We demonstrate the feasibility of this control approach for walking over terrain with uncertain footholds in three scenarios.


The effect of electric field on frosting phenomenon is investigated. It is known that the frost formation on a heat exchanger seriously affects the performance of the system, and that the application of electric field is one of the promising procedures because dielectric water molecules play a role of solidification nuclei. In order to understand the fundamental characteristics of the frosting phenomenon under the electric field, experiments have been carried out. The electric field is applied between the frosting surface and the mesh electrode which is placed in parallel with the surface. The results of experiments reveal that the apparent mass transfer rate is decreased and the heat transfer rate is increased by applying the electric field because the dendritic frost crystal is removed by the strongly imposed electric field.


We introduce a new self-healing key distribution scheme with revocation capability. The main improvement that our proposed construction achieves over previously suggested self-healing key distribution schemes is that our self-healing technique reduces communication overhead from O(tj) to O(t+j) without any additional increment in the storage cost as compared to the earlier approaches, where j is the current session number and t is the maximum number of compromised group members that may collude. We provide rigorous treatment of security of our scheme in an appropriate security framework and show that it is unconditionally secure with forward and backward secrecy.


In 2008 RMIT University had a focus on student feedback. One project called 'Hearing each other' looked at identifying feedback that students find useful and meaningful. Students from a range of programs including engineering and year levels were questioned. Focus groups were held where students were asked a series of questions about kinds of feedback they had received and what they found useful or less useful. The results were analysed for similarities and differences between year levels and between programs. The results showed students valued the same kinds of feedback irrespective of age or discipline, especially use of marking sheets to promote consistent clear marking. Students disliked 'tut lotto', where their marks would depend more on who was marking than what was written. Highly rated staff identified more time on feedback on non-assessed work as good. More work is planned to identify tips for good feedback from the best lecturers.


Patients with Hepatitis B virus infection may present to the treating clinicians at various stages of natural history of hepatitis B infection, including acute viral hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, incidental hepatitis B s antigen-positive patients and those with decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Management of chronic hepatitis B patients, especially those with e antigen-negative disease poses the biggest challenge today. There are various treatment options available and choosing the correct drug according to the patient profile is important both for optimum response and preventing drug resistance. This article reviews an exciting new molecule tenofovir, which has been approved in August 2008 by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of chronic hepatitis B.


Fast Li‐metal depletion and severe anode pulverization are the most critical obstacles for the energy‐dense Li‐metal full batteries using thin Li‐metal anodes (<50 µm). Here, a wavy‐nanostructured solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with fast ion transfer kinetics is reported, which can promote high‐efficiency Li‐metal plating/stripping (>98% at 4 mAh cm−2) in conventional carbonate electrolyte. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) further reveals the fundamental relationship between wavy‐nanostructured SEI, function, and the electrochemical performance. The wavy SEI with greatly decreased surface diffusion resistance can realize grain coarsening of Li‐metal deposition and exhaustive dissolution of active Li‐metal during the stripping process, which can effectively alleviate "dead Li" accumulation and anode pulverization problems in practical full cells. Under highly challenging conditions (45 µm Li‐metal anodes, 4.3 mAh cm−2 high capacity LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes), full cells exhibit significantly improved cycling lifespan (170 cycles; 20 cycles for control cells) via the application of wavy SEI.


The major problems in employment and work practice of Physical Education graduate of Hainan Normal University were found by using literature,questionnaire surveys and interviews methods.Generally speaking they were: the lack of diversity planning about students′career development,the great resistance in curriculum reform,the unsuitable material system and contents to the development of modern society,the deficiency of teaching forms and evaluation methods and so on.in response to these problems,two innovative training models were proposed: market demand-oriented training model and highlighting the regional characteristics of Hainan training model.


Two different material batches made of random and textured orientated polycrystalline nickel-base superalloy René80 were investigated under isothermal low cycle fatigue tests at 850 °C for a notched specimen geometry. In contrast to a smooth specimen geometry, no significant improvement in fatigue behaviour of the notched specimen could be observed for the textured material. Finite element simulations reveal an area along the notch where high stiffness evolves for the textured material, which lead to nearly similar shear stresses in the slip systems compared to a random orientation distribution and therefore to no distinct differences in the lifetime.


The magnoliaceous plants are characterized by a high ornamental value, a long use history and deep cultural connotations. This paper gives a brief commentary on the main biological, ecological and ornamental characters of several new magnoliaceous tree species developed initially in recent years, analyses the current application situation in landscaping and the existing problems in the development and utilization of them, and puts forward relevant countermeasures.


In this paper,we reviewed the major academic viewpoints of the 3rd forefront forum(2013) on case study of management innovation in Chinese enterprises,which focused on the development strategy innovation and function strategy innovation in Chinese enterprises.The experts on the forum presented their opinions from different perspectives such as enterprise's collaborative innovation strategy,business model innovation,brand strategy,financing strategy,operation strategy,and leadership strategy,etc.Simultaneously,the experts explored the methods of case study in China,providing the valuable revelation to the research of Chinese modern enterprises management.


Abstract In this paper a technique has been developed to determine constant parameters of copper as a power-law hardening material by tensile test approach. A work-hardening process is used to describe the increase of the stress level necessary to continue plastic deformation. A computer program is used to show the variation of the stress-strain relation for different values of stress hardening exponent, n and power-law hardening constant, α . Due to its close tolerances, excellent corrosion resistance and high material strength, in this analysis copper (Cu) has been selected as the material. As a power-law hardening material, Cu has been used to compute stress hardening exponent, n and power-law hardening constant, α from tensile test experiment without heat treatment and after heat treatment. A wealth of information about mechanical behavior of a material can be determined by conducting a simple tensile test in which a cylindrical specimen of a uniform cross-section is pulled until it ruptures or fractures into separate pieces. The original cross sectional area and gauge length are measured prior to conducting the test and the applied load and gauge deformation are continuously measured throughout the test. Based on the initial geometry of the sample, the engineering stress-strain behavior (stress-strain curve) can be easily generated from which numerous mechanical properties, such as the yield strength and elastic modulus, can be determined. A universal testing machine is utilized to apply the load in a continuously increasing (ramp) manner according to ASTM specifications. Finally, theoretical results are compared with these obtained from experiments where the nature of curves is found similar to each other. It is observed that there is a significant change of the value of n obtained with and without heat treatment it means the value of n should be determined for the heat treated condition of copper material for their applications in engineering fields.


【Task】 A is a valve system having an aortic valve 10 and the holder. Holder, the holder handle 20 engageable with the center portion, the leg portion 42A extending downward is provided with a holder body 40 having 42B, and 42C, leg portions 42A, 42B, 42C are commissure posts 16, 17, 18 valves and the engagement in the region between. The central portion of the holder, can be rotated by the attached handle, further includes a disposed spool between the commissure post. When the spool is rotated, the tension member 26 traveling through between the commissure post is drawn, draw commissure posts inward toward the spool. Tensioning member is advanced through a guide portion formed in the holder, it forms the internal guiding, the maximum inward portion of the tensioning member is commissure posts in areas that take a straight form between the commissure posts It is adapted to define the extent to which may be deflected.


Reactions of 2-chloro-4-fluoropyridine (8), 2-chloro-4-nitropyridine (9), and their corresponding N-oxides 7 and 3 with the n-heptanolate anion were investigated in three solvents. The desired 2-chloro-4-heptyloxypyridine-N-oxide (4a) was obtained most efficiently from 3 in DMSO. A reaction of 4a with AcSNa followed by deacetylation with MeONa gave the sodium salt of 4-heptyloxy-1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione (la), which was isolated as the adamantane-1 -carboxylate O-ester 2a. Similarly, the 4-decyloxy and 4-((Z)-hex-3-enyloxy) derivatives 2b and 2c were prepared from 3.


The brain drain — the contemporary striking pattern of migration of skilled professions — is, according to Grubel and Scott, "… an international transfer of resources … completely unrecorded in any official balance-of-payments statistics." They emphasize the necessity of estimating a net brain drain for a country such as Canada. Canada has, in fact, benefited from the migration of economists. This study examines these questions for psychiatrists: how many Canadians have settled in the United States, how many have come to Canada from other countries and what is the net benefit or loss to Canada? It is estimated that 550 Canadian psychiatrists were working in the United States in 1969. This was more than half the number of psychiatrists (1,095) then working in Canada. In turn, 444 of Canada's psychiatrists were immigrants and only five were from the United States. The estimated net brain drain to Canada is thus a loss of about 100 psychiatrists.


Participants in a community survey of skin cancer and solar keratoses were asked about their use of home remedies for these lesions. There were 164 persons aged between 20 and 69 years at high risk who said they treated these lesions themselves (7.8% of those surveyed). Half of the agents used were naturopathic and of these Euphorbia peplus was unanimously considered an effective treatment. Aloe vera was the most popular remedy and paw paw and creams such as lanolin were also popular despite their generally perceived lack of efficacy. Most of the self‐treaters were at high risk of skin cancer and thus the danger of this home treatment is the likely failure to recognize invasive disease. Close medical supervision of the treatment of actinic lesions remains essential.


Management needs something tools, who can evaluate the company activity and solution if we found weakness and fraud and this tool must be can given recommendation to problem solving. The tools can we use to achieve this propose is Operational Audit, with operational audit, company can hope effectiveness on object audit. With this problem, we try make research in PT. Edukasi Profit Cepat
in Surabaya, this company focus on Education Saham Options with research propose to know the implementation of operational audit on the effectiveness of the sales function. The research method used is descriptive analysis by conducting surveys and collecting data from the respondents who have been determined. Data
collection techniques conducted by the author is filling questionnaires, checklists,interviews, and observation of the object under study. Based on the results of research conducted, the authors can conclude that implementation of operational audits to support the effectiveness of the sales function on PT. Edukasi Profit Cepat in Surabaya and has been implemented effectively and can be seen from the survey conducted through the distribution of questionnaires.


TIDBITS ABOUT VISIT TONORTHERN TIBETNyainqentanglha Mountain,whichis majestic enough to make othermountains feel shy. Nam Co Lake,which is as pretty as a young girl.Changtang Grasslands,which arevast in xize and house muchwildlife. Lava caves, which are mys-terious. Rock caves where manyBuddhist masters have practicedmediation over the years.No-man'sland where human footprints arerarely seen......


Product-sound quality is a complex phenomenon. To understand it in some depth it is helpful to reconsider some fundamental aspects of quality beyond purely acoustical or psycho-acoustical ones. In this article basic quality terms are reviewed. A taxonomy of these terms is given, tailored to the specific needs of specialists dealing with product-sound quality pertinent to industrial products.


The electromagnatically induced absorption (EIA) is obtained in degenerated cycled cesium atomic two-level transition of 6S 1/2 F=4—6P 3/2 F'=5. The effect of the magnetic field on coherence of the atom is also investigated experimentally. When external magnetic field is applied, the mixed structure of electromagnetically induced absorption and transparency is obtained in the transition of 6S 1/2 F=4—6P 3/2 F'=5. The experimental results are in agreement with theoretical analysis of C.Y. Ye et al. (2002).


In innovation studies it is usual to distinguish between processes involved in first making something new and those that characterize subsequent development and diffusion. In this presentation we argue that both require a combination of symbolic and material ingredients and of competence or know-how. The precise nature of these elements and the manner in which they come together is dynamic and generative. Our first point is that new practices arise and routines emerge and persist as a result of various integrative processes. With integration as our central theme we construct a conceptual framework that allows us to analyze invention, innovation and innofusion in similar terms. Our second move is to recognize that producers and consumers are both involved in making and sustaining new connections. Taking this point forward, we develop a theoretical position that relativises these conventionally distinct roles and that represents a novel hybridisation between innovation studies and sociological theories of practice. We illustrate and elaborate on these ideas with reference to Nordic Walking. Nordic Walking is a form of speed walking with two sticks. First practiced in 1997, it is now a regular pursuit for more than six million people in twenty countries and is reputed to be Europe's fastest growing form of exercise.


Based on China's conditions, Mao Zedong sketched the blueprint of modernizations of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and made great efforts to explore the ways to realize them in practice. It is of great significance in theory and reality for us to recognize and solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers at present.


Cardoso A. Exposure to air pollution of vehicular origin, physical exercise and effects on CC16 protein and renal function in young adults. [Thesis]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo; 2016. Introduction: The Air pollution and physical inactivity are two important risk factors for health. The assessment of the health effects of exercising in polluted environments are still not well known. To assess the impact of performing physical exercise in environments with different concentrations of pollutants on lung toxicity in blood markers and renal function. Methods: 40 soldiers from the Brazilian army, non-smoking, healthy male and regular street runners were evaluated. Participated in races of 7.5 km every morning at a speed of 10 km/h, for a week in a circuit within a Forest Park (PK) and a week in a circuit in Public Ways (PS). Blood and urine samples were collected before and after running over two days each week, with certain blood markers, pulmonary toxicity and renal function. The levels of PM2.5 were recorded during every day of the week in the period they were made evaluations. Results: The concentration of the PM2.5 circuit PK was 24 μg/m (IQR: 8-39) and PS circuit 62 μg/m (IQR: 37-103), P <0.001. Thirty-nine participants completed. Age: 19 ± 1 years, body mass index: 23.5 ± 2.38 kg/m, resting heart rate: 69.1 ± 10.4 bpm. The concentration of urinary protein CC16 increased after the races on both circuits, but more sharply in the PK circuit. Blood markers and markers of renal function are altered after the run, with no significant differences between the circuits. Conclusion: Physical activity was related to the variation of the markers indicating inflammation and changes in renal function, with no difference between the environments except for the marker of pulmonary toxicity that increased with greater magnitude in the PK circuit. Descriptors: exercise, air pollution, particulate matter, CC16 protein, renal function, KIM-1, Ngal, systemic inflammatory markers.


Although the multiple regression method has been applied to exploratory research on most tourism studies, there is lack of understanding on studies that present a well-justified rationale in choosing a robust statistical tool for data analysis. This research note aims to review why tourism researchers are encouraged to use the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method to address this research problem. This article provides rationale, comparisons among techniques for multiple regression-based papers and suggestions for tourism researchers to justify why PLS-SEM is important for exploratory studies.


Purpose: To establish the relationship between sensitivity and variability in normal, ocular hypertensive and glaucomatous eyes. Method: Frequency-of-seeing (FOS) data were collected from four visual field locations of 64 eyes (22 normal, six ocular hypertensive and 38 glaucomatous), using a constant stimulus method on a Henson 4000 perimeter. At each location, 20 stimuli (0.5°) were presented (200 msec) at each of six intensities straddling the estimated threshold. In glaucomatous eyes, at least one location was chosen to lie in an area of normal sensitivity. The FOS data were fitted with a cumulative normal distribution, the standard deviation (SD) of which was used as an estimate of response variability. Results: Variability was found to increase with decreased sensitivity. The relationship was best described by the function loge(SD) = a * sensitivity(dB) + b, where the constants a and b were -0.08 and 3.22, respectively. Conclusions: Previously presented linear models of the relationship between sensitivity and variability fail to accurately predict variability at high and low perimetric sensitivities, suggesting negative variability at high sensitivities and underestimating variability at low dB values. Our model attempts to correct these shortcomings. It can be used in computer simulations of perimetry to estimate the performance of both existing and new perimetric algorithms.


In theorizing on family life, children's agency is a feature of a modern type of family, marked by free choice and inter-generational negotiations rather than parental authority. A video ethnography of Swedish everyday family life documents directive sequences and inter-generational negotiations, including what is here called activity contracts: agreements that form a type of inter-generational account work around target activities (e.g. cleaning one's room). Within local family politics, contracts and revised contracts emerge as parts of such account work. The analyses focus on how contracts emerge within successive downgradings and upgradings of parental directives. Activity contracts regulate mutual rights and obligations, invoking family rule statements and local moral order, drawing on an array of verbal and nonverbal resources, ranging from parents' mitigated requests and children's time bargaining to nonverbal escape strategies and gentle shepherding.


A Pre ex perimental evaluation research approach was undertaken in the present study "Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Program on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation among B.Sc. Nursing 2 nd Year Students at Selected Nursing College in Jabalpur". Finding of the study reveals in post - test 38.2% (21) B.Sc Nursing 2 nd year students have good practice, 61.8% (34) B.Sc Nursing 2 nd year students have average practice and none of the B.Sc Nursing 2 nd year students had poor practice on peripheral intravenous cannulation.


Structure of the Valenciaxanthins and Valenciachromes

Valenciaxanthin, a carotenoid first isolated from Californian Valencia orange juice in 1952/1954 by American scientists, was re-isolated from fresh Spanish 'Navelinas' and shown, by spectroscopical and chiroptical examination, to have the unexpected (9Z)-10′-apo-11′,12′-dihydroviolaxantin-10′-ol structure 6. A further, very minor component represents the (all-E)-structure 7. Therefore, the Valenciachromes are the furanoid rearrangement products of 6 and 7 and, thus, stereoisomers of the 10′-apo-11′,12′-dihydroauroxanthiiv 10′-ols 8. Valenciaxanthin represents a modification of the common cleavage of carotenoids in higher plants according to the scheme C40 C27 + C13, insofar as the reduction step not only includes the aldehyde function but also the subsequent conjugated double bond.


Phthalic acid esters may be used as plasticizers in food-packaging materials that have direct contact with food. Under normal conditions of use small amounts of the plasticizers would be expected to migrate into the food. The safe use of the phthalic acid esters under these conditions is based on available toxicity data, as well as regulations which, in general, specify the maximum extractable fraction of plasticizer that may enter food. Before the enactment of the Food Additives Amendment to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act in 1958, sanctions were granted for the use of five phthalates in food-packaging material (diethyl phthalate, butylphthalyl butyl glycolate, ethylphthalyl ethyl glycolate, diisooctyl phthalate, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), with the limitations that they be used in accordance with good manufacturing practice for food packaging materials, and that di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and diisooctyl phthalate be used with foods of high water content. Foods of high water content were defined as those from which no fat would be extractedwhen the food was pressed against filter paper; under the conditions of this test, if a water spot was formed the food was considered aqueous and if a fat spot was formed the food was considered fatty. The restriction was applied to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and to diisooctyl phthalate because the available toxicological data would not support un*Division of Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D. C. 20204. limited migration into fatty foods. An additional 18 phthalate esters are now listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, 21. Food and Drugs. The regulated uses of phthalates may be classified into three categories that reflect the possible levels of direct migration to foods; namely, significant, slight, and essen


In a recent paper [Mater. Res. Express (2019) 6 085312] El-Metwally et al studied the structural and optical properties of PVDF films doped with Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles. The authors have used a wrong approach to calculate the reflectance spectra. The wrong obtained values of reflectance were used to calculate the refractive index. Consequently, other reported optical parameters in the commented paper that are calculated based on the refractive index such as optical conductivity, real and imaginary parts of the optical dielectric constant, the dispersion parameters evaluated from Wemple-DiDomenico single oscillator model, high-frequency dielectric constant, plasma oscillation frequency, linear optical susceptibility, third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and the nonlinear refractive index are incorrect.


Overvoltage and overcurrent resulting from various faults cause instability in Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines connected to a grid. The grid code requirement must be met during faults to minimize the effect of these problems. Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability is used to meet the grid code requirement. It is important to use coordinate control for transient states in LVRT capability. This study aimed to improve the stator dynamics for ease of calculation and the rotor dynamic model by damping oscillations caused by balanced and unbalanced faults on the grid side. For this, electromotive force (emf) models were developed for stator and rotor dynamic modeling. Furthermore, for the coordinate control of the DFIG, models were developed for a lookup-table-based supercapacitor and a decoupled Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). Using these models, analyses of three-phase and two-phase faults were conducted. Following different balanced and unbalanced faults within the grid, the system was stabilized in a short time, and the oscillations occurring during the faults were quickly damped using the LVRT models developed in this study.


The p-adic numbers have many fascinating properties that are di erent from the real numbers. These properties are a consequence of the fact that we measure distance in the p-adics using a non-Archimedian metric. We will study the measurable dynamics of algebraically de ned transformations on the p-adics, and see that there is a strong connection between the topological property of minimality, that is easy to check for these transformations, and the measure theoretic property of unique ergodicity. We start with a section that introduces the p-adic numbers, their topology and measures on them, and de nes the basic notions from dynamics that we require. In Section 3 we give a new short proof that for an invertible isometry on a compact open subset of the p-adics, minimality implies unique ergodicity, and also show that in this case ergodicity implies minimality; thus for isometries on compact open subsets of the p-adics, the properties of minimality, ergodicity, and unique ergodicity are equivalent; (we discuss in this section the relationship of this with known results). In later sections we study classes of transformations de ned by multiplication, translation and monomial mappings, and show that they are minimal and hence uniquely ergodic. The dynamics on the p-adics has been the focus of several researchers recently. While most of this work is in topological and complex dynamical properties on the p-adics, for which the reader may refer in particular to [AKTS98], [B01], [K97], [R-L{], and the references cited in these articles, the measurable dynamics on the p-adics has also be studied in [OZ75], [GKL01], and [CP01]. Some of our transformations have been studied before; Theorem 5.2, but without the discussion of minimality, was proved in [OZ75] and in [CP01], and a special case of Theorem 7.5 was proved in [GKL01]. However, our approach is di erent. We base our proof of Theorem 5.2 on Theorem 3.2 that works for


A liquid curable composition comprising the following ingredients (A) to (D) : (A) phosphorus-containing tin oxide particles; (B) a compound having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups per molecule; (C) a photopolymerization initiator having a molar extinction coefficient at 313 nm of 5,000 L/mol.cm or lower; and (D) a solvent. Also provided is a layered product which comprises a base and a cured film layer obtained by curing the liquid curable composition.


With the development of deep learning, the accuracy of face recognition has been significantly improved. Current face recognition systems are mostly designed for CPU or GPU platforms, and faces significant latency and power constraints when migrated to embedded devices. In this live demonstration, a real-time face recognition system based on FPGA System-on-Chip (SoC) platforms is presented. To achieve real-time processing, the face recognition algorithm based on convolutional neural network is optimized first to a hardware-friendly network model and is accelerated on FPGA, while the face detection and face alignment are implemented on ARM. The latency of the entire system is 52 ms, and the face recognition accuracy on the LWF data set reaches 99.05%.


A novel pattern recognition method based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) is proposed to recognize the disturbance events in phase sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer ( $\varphi $ -OTDR) to reduce nuisance alarm rate (NAR) and improve real-time performance in this paper. Eleven typical eigenvectors are extracted from components obtained by EMD of the disturbance signals and XGBoost is selected as a classifier to identify different type of disturbance signals. Five kinds of disturbance events, including watering, knocking, climbing, pressing and false disturbance event, can be identified, effectively. Experimental results show that NAR is 4.10% and identification time is 0.093 s. The recognition accuracy for the five patterns is 97.96%, 95.90%, 91.10%, 94.84% and 99.69%, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by using confusion matrix and decision boundary visualization. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed pattern recognition method based on XGBoost has better performance in recognition rate and recognition time than other commonly used methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Random Forest (RF) and Adaptive Boosting (Adaboost).


For the purpose of reducing the quantization noise and power consumption of UWB-OFDM transceiver, a new time domain-based interpolator and decimator structure is proposed to realize five-bit D/A and A/D converters in the five-bit 128-tone sigma-delta modulation (SDM) UWB-OFDM transceiver. The five-bit 128-tone SDM UWB-OFDM transceiver using time domain-based interpolator and decimator in place of time spreader and de-spreader can obtain time-domain spread spectrum processing gain and reduce quantization noise simultaneously. The structure of the five-bit 128-tone SDM A/D converter, which employs 32 parallel analog SDM circuits without up-sampling, is designed. Simulation results demonstrate that BER of the proposed five-bit 128-tone SDM D/A and A/D converters based on time domain-based interpolator and decimator scheme can satisfy the performance requirements of the five-bit 128-tone SDM UWB-OFDM transceiver for the QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulations.


So G ; 0 has ilia alia uidere. This is a much emended line, but the remedy is still wanting which shall satisfy sound and sense and palaeography. O's reading may be disregarded. If atque was above the line or in the margin in V, it would easily be overlooked; and even if it stood in its proper place, the similarity of atand al(t and 1 are incessantly confused in Catullus) may have caused lipography. On the other hand the scribe of G was not likely to insert atque on his own authority ; ignorant though he was, he cannot have expected this insertion to heal either sense or metre. Baehrens and others cling to uidere, but the contraction for -runt often becomes -re (lxiv. 383 is perhaps an instance). Munro's iliac (quaque alia ?) is a slight change, for confusion of c ana t is seen everywhere in Catullus; but there is some doubt whether Catullus would have used the -c form of ills in his higher mood, and no doubt at all that he would not have put it before qu-. Ilia atque hand alia, the 'Itali,' iliac hantque alia, Schwabe; but the combinations atque haud and hautque are doubtful. Other conjectures are still less satisfactory. Why not ilia (at quanam alia ?) i quanam, i. e. quana, might easily be reduced by a sort of haplography to quam or some contraction for quam, and this to que. The confusion of u and n, the omission of one of two identical or similar groups of letters, the mischief caused by contractions, and the interchange of the forms of the relative with one another and with que, may be illustrated from any page of Catullus. Compare xxii. 17 tamq3 (= tamquam) V for tamquc, lxvi. 27 quam V for quo, &c.


Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) is an emerging technique for reuse of software. This paper presents the component based software metrics by investigating the improved measurement techniques. Two types of metrics are used: static metrics and dynamic metrics. This research work presents the measured metric value for Complexity metrics and Criticality metric. The static metrics applied to the E-healthcare application which is developed with the reusable software components. The value of each metric is analyzed with the application. The metric measured value is the evidence for the reusability, good maintainability of component based software systems.


Anti-predator vocalizations were studied in three species of tree squirrel, Callosciurus , in Ulu Gombak, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. In the study area (ca. 10 ha), C. notatus was dominant in areas of low tree density, C. nigrovittatus in dense forests with tall trees, and C. caniceps in shrubs. All three species produced different calls to different predators; terrestrial carnivores, raptors, and snakes. Each signal caused conspecific individuals to adopt a different escape strategy. On hearing the repetitious, staccato barks toward carnivores, neighboring individuals ran up trees. A single bark was produced when raptors flew in the distance, which made conspecifics freeze. However, squirrels produced a rattle sound toward raptors in cases of close encounter. Squirrels moved toward the sound source of squeaks to snakes, and mobbed in a group. Calling frequency, intensity, duration, and sound structure of each call were compared among three species, and related to habitat selection.


This study examines the impact of social identification of IT employees in IT outsourcing firms. Specifically, we ask: What effect does social identification have on employee attitudes in the wake of major outsourcing initiatives? We examine social identification through the separate dimensions of team identification and organizational identification. The results suggest that when team identification and organizational identification are viewed as two distinct measures of social identity, the effect on the workplace attitudes of IT employees vary.


The dynamic of chromatin degradation was studied in thymocytes and LS/BL tumour cells. In permeabilised LS/BL cells, the rate of DNA degradation induced by endogenous calcium and magnesium-dependent endonuclease was approx. 25 times slower than in thymocytes. In LS/BL cells irradiation does not induce chromatin degradation. The alkylating agent TS 160 induced chromatin degradation in both LS/BL lymphosarcoma cells and thymocytes.


Abstract Philosophy in literature may also be found in children's books, especially those concerning such serious subjects as death. The authors of these books often introduce the philosophy of life and the meaning of death by showing them through the prism of a meeting of a child and an elderly person. What results from these meetings and what other qualities, apart from the context of familiarizing with death, can be found in these literary meetings? The reference point in the paper is Andrzej Nowicki's philosophy of a meeting, i.e. incontrology.


Application of coal tar coated urea 100 Kg N/ha, in three splits (50% N es basal, 25% N on 15 DAT and 25% N on 30 DAT) resulted in lesser incidence of stemborer DH and WE and registered higher grain yield in rice.


The observable kinematical quantities (rotation velocity and velocity dispersion) of elliptical galaxies are affected, among other things, by the integration of the light along the line of sight. A method to spatially deproject the rotation velocity curve and the velocity dispersion profile is presented. The application to a sample of 54 ellipticals shows that, as is it widely recognized, the total kinetic energy originates mainly from the random motions, and that there is no correlation between rotation and velocity dispersion


The problems of the skilled providing are considered for innovative development. His forming must be examined as one of major tasks of higher school. Directions of development and introduction of innovative paradigm of education are rotined. It foresees the flexible system of aims and maintenance of education. Innovative development is foreseen by the important change of going near nature management. The innovative way of development must become basis of national idea and its perception and acceptance public consciousness. Overcoming of deep system crisis is possible only on the way of development and realization of effective strategy of innovative development.


The main methods currently used to sterilize dental materials employ high-pressure steam, ethylene oxide gas, or hydrogen peroxide plasma. While these methods offer outstanding sterilization capabilities, each is not without its drawbacks. Because dental materials have extensive material properties, the sterilization temperature, humidity, and other parameters must be taken into consideration. Furthermore, a strong sterilization capability is required, but the method used should preferably have no environment impact. We have developed a low-temperature plasma sterilization device that uses oxygen radicals, and have been attempting to bring it into practical use. We recently evaluated the sterilization performance of our prototype device and examined its sterilization effect for dental burrs. When evaluating sterilization performance using biological and chemical indicator strips, we found that adequate sterilization was achieved in all cases after approximately 2 to 6 hours. When evaluating dental materials, we found that sterilization was adequate when the material composition of the burr was relatively simple. However, adequate sterilization was not achieved when burrs made of silicon, carborundum and other non-metallic materials were used. Further investigation of materials having tiny pores, and investigations using different sterilization processes, will be necessary to determine how to get the plasma to penetrate the deepest layers of the materials being sterilized.


The wine grape variety Kovidinka has been cultivated in Hungary for centuries. Clones were obtained using the 4-step method of NeMETH and some clones showed considerable selection advance. The performance of 2nd vegetative progenies of the selected clones were evaluated over 7 years (1981-1988) based on the following characters: growth vigour of the stock           tendril atrophy fertility of buds                           millerandage grape yield                                 berry rot mean grape weight                      sugar and acid content of the must Mathematical evaluations of the characters can give useful information as to the performance of the clone stocks. In the years of the study, large environmental variation was observed in the tested characters. At the same time, the slight environmental variation found in some individuals indicated their genetic stability. They will be selected and propagated as sub-clones in the future.


Aim. O perform a comparative evaluation of the indicators of cerebral perfusion in patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis" and occlusions of the internal carotid artery. Methods. Conducted was an analysis of diagnostic images obtained by X-ray computer tomography in perfusion mode in 81 patients with stenosis" of the internal carotid artery over 70% and unilateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery. The degree of occlusion or stenosis of extracranial arteries was established by duplex scanning, magnetic resonance angiography, computer tomography angiography, selective angiography. Results. In patients with unilateral occlusion of the ostia of the internal carotid artery revealed were varying degrees of compensation of cerebral blood flow with a predominance of perfusion disturbances. Conclusions. Data on cerebral perfusion is important information for selecting patients for surgical treatment of ischemic brain lesions.


As a supervised learning method, Factorization Machine (FM) is famous for its capability of modeling feature interactions. However, FM's performance might be bad if we assign the same weight to all feature interactions, as not all of them are equally useful and productive. Attentional Factorization Machine (AFM) improves FM by discriminating the importance of distinctive feature interactions via a neural attention network. Nevertheless, the neural attention network in AFM is not fine-grained enough and it ignores the information of the fields implied by the features, which limits the performance of the model. In this work, we propose a novel model named IO-aware Factorization Machine (IOFM), which enhances the feature representation ability of attention mechanism in estimating weights via two awareness auxiliary matrices. To make the model more efficient, we further reduce the model parameters using canonical decomposition for the two auxiliary matrices and design a shared matrix to correlate the decomposed matrices. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets indicate the superiority of our IOFM model over the state-of-the-art methods.


Measurements of magnetization, specific heat, electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetoresistance on single crystalline samples of LaFeAsO grown in a NaAs flux are reported. While this material is known to be a semimetal, the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity data presented herein is reminiscent of semiconducting behavior and exhibits distinct features associated with a structural transition and spin density wave (SDW) order. Low-temperature x-ray diffraction measurements have confirmed that the structural transition in these samples occurs near 140 K, compared to a transition temperature of 156 K observed in polycrystalline samples. Magnetoresistance and Hall coefficient measurements were performed in magnetic fields up to 9 T applied perpendicular to the basal plane using a van der Pauw configuration. The charge carrier density and mobility indicate that electrons are the majority charge carriers and exhibit features indicative of the structural transition and SDW formation. Isotherms of magnetoresistivity measured as a function of magnetic field can be scaled onto a single curve.


China's decision to speed large-scale industrialization is one of the major developments of our time. It is a most dramatic event considering that three-quarters of China's population is still peasant, only recently emerged from thousands of years of feudal conditions. It is an undertaking of colossal proportions in view of the fact that three short years ago modernized industry represented a mere ten percent of China's production. This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


The assembly of two or more optical components such as lenses, windows, mirrors, or filters into a common mechanical surround generally involves multiple applications of the basic mounting techniques discussed in Chapter 3. Here, we discuss several technical aspects unique to multiple-component optical assemblies. Topics include the design and fabrication of spacers that are commonly used to separate adjacent components in a mount; assembly techniques (drop in, lathe, poker chip, and modular) that provide varying degrees of control over intercomponent alignment; techniques for sealing and purging completed assemblies; and mechanisms for moving one or more lenses relative to other optics for focus adjustment, focal length variation, magnification change, etc. Numerous examples of hardware designs illustrate the various types of construction. Methods and instrumentation for precision alignment of multiple refracting and reflecting components are discussed in Chapter 12.


The conception "ecological civilization" made its debut on the report of the 17th CPC National Congress.As human society is an organic unity composed of economic,political,cultural and ecological patterns,human civilization is an integrity of material,political,cultural and ideological and ecological civilizations accordingly.To build and promote the four civilizations in coordination and harmony will push forward an overall development in economy,politics,culture and ecology,and promote social advancement and harmony.All in all,the development of human society should be,and must be,prosperous,noble,democratic and harmonious.


Background: Gendered trends in housework provide an important insight into changing gender inequality. In particular, they shed light on the debate over the stalling of the 'gender revolution'. Additionally, the gender division of housework is significantly related to couple well-being; disagreements over housework are among the major sources of marital conflict. Objective: The objective is to bring the evidence on gendered trends in time spent on core housework up to date, and to investigate cross-national variation in those trends. Methods: Using 66 time use surveys from 19 countries, we apply a random-intercept, random-slope model to investigate half a century of change in gender differences in housework (1961-2011). Results: There is a general movement in the direction of greater gender equality, but with significant country differences in both the level and the pace of convergence. Specifically, there was a slowing of gender convergence from the late 1980s in those countries where men and women's time in housework was already more equal, with steeper gender convergence continuing in those countries where the gender division of housework was less equal. Conclusions: Our findings support the view that despite short-term stalls, slow-downs, and even reverses, as well as important differences in national policy contexts, the overall cross-national picture shows a continuing trend towards greater gender equality in the performance of housework. Contribution: We update cross-national time use evidence on the gender division of housework to the end of the first decade of the 21st Century. In a multilevel framework, we show how the gender gap varies across time and between countries, net of other demographic variables.


The paper describes application of Pettigrew et al.'s [7] strategic change model for a radical change initiative in a large British organization. The model assumes that management can assess changing economic, business and political conditions and implement new strategies in order to improve the firm's competitive performance. The change initiative has been divided into the context, contents and process. The context provides the basis on which content can be designed and the process is reserved for implementation of envisioned changes. Given that it has been identified that the context was main trigger for change, the contents cushioned it and process (support of senior management, IT and a good methodology) functioned as a vehicle to implement the initiative.


With the development of society,ecotourism has become a good form of sustainable tourism.By analysis on natural and cultural resources of Shapotou,Yellow River and market prospect of ecotourism,we pointed proposed guiding ideology,purpose,principle and countermeasure of ecotourism development in this area,and evaluated economic,ecological and social benefits in order to reference the ecotourism development of Shapotou and other west area.


Human rights guarantee in justice is the main part of human rights guarantee of the day.The basic meaning of human rights is to protect individual from being ordered or deprived by extra force.Human rights include abstract human rights and material human rights.The progressing of human rights from individual to aggregation embodied the changeability of human rights.Human rights infringing were widely and verily existed in justice.It is necessary to set up the conception of human rights guarantee,and treat properly with substantive justice and procedural justice.and perfect the system of procedural law and criminal law.


Digital technologies in management of companies are becoming a necessary condition for their competitiveness. The use of these technologies requires changes in management processes and in the organization of managers' work. The authors have looked into the usage of digital technologies and problems which Russian managers face when dealing with them, and into the attitudes to digital technologies that reveal the existing challenges, including the resistance to the oncoming changes. The paper analyzes the issues related to the ways of building new managerial competences in digital economy.


Performing a patrolling mission with multiple mobile robots is a challenging task that requires effective coordination between agents. While predefined patrol circuits may lead to suitable routing performance, their deterministic nature eases the task of potential intruders. Therefore, the need to propose probabilistic strategies becomes evident. In this paper, a new multi-robot patrolling strategy is proposed, in which concurrent learning agents adapt their moves to the state of the system at the time, using Bayesian decision. When patrolling a given site, each agent evaluates the context and adopts a reward-based learning technique that influences future moves. Experiments show the potential of the approach, which outperforms several other state-of-the-art strategies.


In this work, thin films of (As0.5Se0.5 doped with Te at 1%) were prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation on glass bases in (R.T) with (100±20)nm thickness deposition rate (1.6nm/s) and study effects of annealing temperature (Ta) (348,398,448)K for time (30min) on optical constants for prepared films. The X-ray diffraction technique showed that all prepared films are amorphous in structure at room temperature and annealing films at (348, 398,448)K. The optical constants (refractive index (n0), extinction coefficient (K0), dielectric constant (∈r)) evaluated from transmission spectra in wavelength range (500-1100)nm and found that it increase with the increasing of (Ta) for the prepared films.


The synthesis technology of ethylene glycol from syngas via the procedure of oxalate is introduced.Primarily,the situation of the catalyst research and utilization of the oxalate synthesis as well as the hydrogenation stage is described.In addition,the application potential of the route employing oxalate as the intermediate is indicated.


The spatial decision- making process of enterprise migration is a complex system, which involves the interaction of enterprise, government, geographical environment and social economy. On account of the inadequacy of past research on firm relocation, this paper presents the research progress of spatial decision- making of enterprise migration at home and abroad, and then discusses the application of enterprise migration theory, industrial location theory, regional function theory, and complex system theory in the study of firm relocation. We construct an implementation tool to analyze the spatial decision- making process of enterprise migration, which is based on the integration of different spatial-making theories of firm relocation, computational simulations, agent-based modeling, and geographical information sciences. This will provide a new method for the study of enterprise migration, especially exploring the mechanism of spatial decision- making process. Additionally, it will enrich the application of simulation, such as geo-computation and spatial intelligence, in the study of economic geography and regional development.


We experienced a case of primary malignant lymphoma of the breast in a 45-year-old female patient. She noticed a mass in the lower-outer quadrant area of her right breast. Physical examinations revealed a hard mass of 3.0 cm in diameter at the outer side of the right breast. Since mammography demonstrated an obscure mass at the L area of her'right breast, the mass was diagnosed as category IV. Ultrasonography demonstrated an ill-delineated and lobulated low echoic mass. Aspiration biopsy cytology revealed class III. We performed tumor excision because the mass had been rapidly growing and the patient strongly wanted to undergo an operation, and to judge the histological diagnosis. The histological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma of the non-Hodgkin type. After surgery, the patient was given chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, oncovin, and prednisolone (CHOP). Six years have passed to date without reccurence.


Introduction This report considers the contribution of recent studies on transgenic plants to our current understanding of the role of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P,) in the regulation of carbon metabolism. From data obtained using such plants we argue that this metabolite is quantitatively important in the control of carbohydrate metabolism in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues. The current consensus is that Fru-2,6-PIS ' an important regulator of carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants [ 11. During photosynthesis this metabolite is thought to contribute both to the coordination of sucrose synthesis with the rate of COL fixation, and to the control of partitioning of fixed carbon between the synthesis of sucrose and starch [Z]. This view is based on three lines of evidence. First, Fru-2,6-PL is a potent inhibitor of cytosolic fructoseI ,6-bisphosphatase (FRPase), the first committed step of sucrose synthesis in the cytosol. Second, there is an inverse correlation between the level of Fru-2,6-P2 and the rate of sucrose synthesis when the latter is varied experimentally. Finally, the kinetic properties of the enzymes that metabolize Fru-2,6-P, allow its concentration to vary in response to changes in the levels of other metabolites when the rate of sucrose synthesis is varied. Ilespite the wealth of evidence to support this scheme, it suffers from two important limitations; the evidence is correlative and qualitative. Published data do not allow us to assess the extent to which Fru-2,6-P, regulates carbohydrate metabolism during photosynthesis. This is because the observed changes in F1-u-2,h-P~ are produced indirectly by modifying the levels of other metabolites. These modifications have been achieved by varying the rate of CO, fixation 131, altering the accumulation of sucrose [4], or manipulating the activity of enzymes not directly involved in Fru-ZhP, metabolism [ 5 ) . However, changes in the levels of such metabolites may themselves contribute directly to the regulation of the pathways [2]. Thus,


Ventilation determines the indoor air quality and has a profound effect on the energy consumption and thermal (summer) comfort of buildings. Simulation of natural ventilation leads to the prediction and evaluation of these performances. Coupling ventilation network and thermal simulation models is necessary to simulate natural ventilation as the mass and energy balance are physically linked in a naturally ventilated building. Several ways of coupling exist, each having its own possibilities and difficulties. An example of sequentially coupling the thermal model Capsol and the ventilation network simulation software AIOLOS is discussed.


Increasing pressures from the marketplace and growing public understanding in the importance of psychology in health care have greatly increased the diversity of professional roles for independent psychologists. Private practice psychologists are finding rewarding relationships in direct conjunction with the medical community. The following discussion addresses possible roles of private practice psychologists working in a consultation/liaison capacity with members of the medical arts practice or small hospital. Issues addressed include: identification of medical patients in need of psychological services; the development of professional relationships and reciprocal referral arrangements with physicians; the psychologist's role in the small general hospital; advantages of working in a medical arts practice; and special issues concerning psychological intervention with physicians.


Solid electrolytes are promising toward utilizing lithium metal anodes with high specific capacity and low redox potential. The solid electrolytes are expected to provide mechanical barrier, thereb...