The fruits of wampee have been used traditionally as stomachic and vermifuge herbs. Previous research has shown that wampee fruits possess antioxidant and antialcoholism effects. Drug-induced liver injury is very common when using anti-tubercular drugs, and is considered to be linked to oxidative stress. This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of wampee fruits against antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by oral administration of a combination of isoniazid and rifampicin. An aqueous extract from the fruits of wampee (AEFW) at doses of 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg/d were evaluated for their potential hepatoprotective effects. The serum levels of hepatic alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were estimated at the end of the experiments. An analysis of hepatic histopathology was carried out to assess injury to the liver. Western blot and immunostaining were used to determine the levels of protein expression. The results showed that AEFW (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg/d) was found to significantly decrease the levels of ALT and AST and reduce hepatocellular necrosis and liver fibrosis in treated rats, compared with the control group. Furthermore, Western blot and immunostaining analysis revealed that the extract can down-regulate the expression of MyD88 and NF-κB p65, and inhibit NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Therefore AEFW can alleviate anti-tubercular drug-induced liver damage by enhancing anti-inflammatory effects.


The aim of the research was to determine whether there is any connectedness between different strategies of facing stress situations and subjective feeling of welfare, and whether there are any differences in the levels of expressiveness of the cited variables between the students of different university departments. The research included 357 second-year students: 38 students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, 118 students of psychology, 100 students of the Faculty of Law, and 81 students of electronic engineering. We used the following instruments: Short Scale of Subjective Welfare - SSSW (Jovanovic and Novovic, 2008) and The questionnaire for testing facing stress situations (Endler & Parker, 1990, adapted by: Soric i Prorokovic, 2002). The results revealed positive correlation between subjective welfare and its sub-dimensions and facing directed at a task, as well as facing by avoiding, i.e. social diversions. Negative bond was found between facing directed at emotions and subjective welfare, as well as its individual aspects. The comparison between the students of different departments shows that the students of sport and physical health approach stress situation in the most constructive way and focus on the problem which is the source of stress. This group of students shows also the highest level of welfare and its sub-dimensions.


The invention provides a method for degrading pesticide residues on fruit and vegetables. The method comprises the steps of mixing, adjusting pH, performing ultrasonic oscillation and UV (ultraviolet light)-irradiation. The steps are specifically as follows: mixing nanometer TiO2 with ozone water and adjusting pH to 11-12 with a pH modifier; performing ultrasonic oscillation, thereby acquiring a mixed solution; putting the fruit and vegetables into the mixed solution, introducing air into the mixed solution and irradiating for 20min-90min with a UV lamp, thereby finishing the degrading of the pesticide on the fruit and vegetables. According to the invention, after photocatalysis and ozone combined degradation, the pesticide residues on the fruit and vegetables are quickly degraded. The method has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, safety, environmental protection, and the like.


To the Editor, Diffuse large Bcell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of aggressive Bcell lymphoma.1 It is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease, which is reflected in a wide range of clinical outcomes following standard treatments. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive DLBCL pathogenesis and the identification of predictive biomarkers is needed to improve the survival of patients with this disease. Current knowledge on the pathology and prognosis of DLBCL is largely based on proteincoding genes. However, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are frequently deregulated in cancer, play important roles in cancer development and progression, and show potential as prognostic markers.2 During Bcell development, expression patterns of lncRNAs are more differentiation statespecific than coding RNAs.3 However, their functional relevance in Bcell lymphoma, including DLBCL, is largely unknown. Here, we aimed to identify lncRNAs that are involved in DLBCL pathogenesis or can be used as prognostic markers.


Drilling fluid flow and cuttings grain erosion in heavy weight transition region inside the drill pipe were studied numerically and validated experimentally with full-scale test piece made of aluminum.The results show that the static pressure of drilling fluid increases when the fluid enters the transition section of drill pipe,and maintains at a lower level when fluid passes through the inner section of tool joint and increases when fluid enters the intersection of tool joint and tool pin.The velocity of drilling fluid increases when drilling fluid enters the transition section of drill pipe,and maintains at a higher level when fluid passes through the inner section of tool joint and decreases when fluid enters the intersection of tool joint and tool pin.The entrance section of the tool joint,the inner section of the tool joint and the intersection of the tool joint and pin are severely eroded and special attention should be paid to such locations.


High silicon steels (Fe-6.5wt%Si) are excellent soft magnetic materials due to their high electrical resistivity and very low magnetostriction. However, as the Si content is increased above 3.5wt% the alloys become too brittle to be hot/cold rolled, therefore limiting processing possibilities. It has been verified that the B2 long-range ordering is the main cause for material britlleness since it induces the formation of dissociated superlattice dislocations and the correlated high stress concentrations leading to premature fracture. The combination of Al addition and high solidification rates may changes the kinetic of these ordering reaction. In this work in-situ X-ray diffraction from a high-energy syncrotron radiation source was employed in order to study disorder/order reaction (A2→ B2 + DO3) in spray formed Fe-6.5wt%Si and Fe-5wt%Si-1.5wt%Al alloys at 350oC, 770oC and 798oC. It may be predict that the ordering reaction from A2 (disordered bcc) to B2 is suppressed above about 800oC in the Fe-6.5wt%Si alloy, but not below 600oC, where A2 transforms to B2 + DO3. The results of the present work showed that the addition of aluminium coupled with the solidification rates prevailing during spray forming processing avoid the B2 ordering reaction even at 350oC, but did not avoid the formation of DO3 for both alloys in all temperatures studied. Introduction Iron-based alloys containing 5.3-11.2wt%Si form two kinds of ordered structures: B2 (Pm3m) and DO3 (Fm3m) on the basis of the fundamental crystal lattice of bcc (Im3m) [1, 2]. Up to about 5.9wt% Si, the B2 structure is formed from A2 (disorded solid solution with bcc lattice) by unlikeatom pairing of the first nearest neighbors. A further increase of the silicon content leads to a phase transition towards the ordered DO3 structure through additional ordering between the second neighboring atoms. Between about 5.9 and 7.9wt% both structures can be observed [1,3]. The relative amount of these two structures depends on the sample conditions [4]. High silicon steels (Fe-6.5wt%Si) are excellent soft magnetic materials due to their high electrical resistivity and very low magnetostriction. However, as the Si content is increased above 3.5wt% the alloys become too brittle to be hot/cold rolled. It has been verified that the B2 long-range ordering is the main cause for material britlleness since it induces the formation of dissociated superlattice dislocations and the correlated high stress concentrations leading to premature fracture [4]. The presence of aluminum [5] and high solidification rates can alter the kinetic of these ordering reaction [4,6-8]. Therefore, alternative approaches such as Chemical Vapor Deposition of silicon and melt spinning to fabricate high silicon steel sheets have been reported [9]. These methods are expensive and unsuitable to produce wide sheet of commercial scale. Spray forming, a relative rapid solidification process, was propose as an alternative approach to fabricate high Si steels, although only limited results are available [6,10]. Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials Online: 2004-07-07 ISSN: 2297-6620, Vols. 20-21, pp 553-556 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/JMNM.20-21.553 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-19/03/20,17:06:53) The aim of this work was to investigate the disorder/order reaction (A2→ B2 + DO3) using X-ray synchrotron diffraction in spray formed Fe-6.5wt%Si and Fe-5wt%Si-1.5wt%Al alloys at 350, 770 and 798oC. Experimental Procedure The molten alloys were superheated to 1650 °C and atomized by nitrogen at a pressure of 0.5 MPa in a static close-coupled atomizer. Details of the equipment used were described elsewhere [11]. The deposition distance was 280mm (Fe-5wt%Si-1.5wt%Al) and 360mm (Fe-6.5wt%Si). The gas/metal mass flow ratio was 0.12. The structures of the alloys were determined at 350, 770 and 798oC by high energy X-ray synchrotron radiation at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility of Grenoble. The high intensity available at a synchrotron source enables to record a diffractogram in a few minutes with sufficient count rates and JCPDS database was used to identify the X-ray diffraction patterns obtained. Results and Discussion Table 1 summarizes the structures present at 350, 770 and 798oC for spray formed Fe-6.5wt%Si and Fe-5wt% Si-1.5wt% Al alloys. Fig. 1 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The results for were compared to Matsumura et al [1] and Swann et al [2] results. Table 1. Structures present at 350, 770 and 798oC for spray formed Fe-6.5wt%Si and Fe-5wt%Si-1.5wt% Al alloys.


Background and Aim: Vestibular rehabilitation is suggested as one of the effective treatments for vestibular-originated dizziness and vertigo. As there is a proven biologic link between vestibular symptoms and headache, headache improvement with vestibular improvement after vestibular rehabilitation is expected. The aim of the present study was examining vestibular rehabilitation effects on dizziness and headache in 9−15 year old subjects with a vestibular migraine.
Methods: Eight subjects with vestibular migraine were referred to Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital after diagnosis by a pediatric neurologist. They were evaluated via dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), headache impact test-6 (HIT-6) and dizziness and headache frequency. Then they received a home-based vestibular rehabilitation and after one month they were reevaluated.
Results: After vestibular rehabilitation for one month, changes in the DHI and HIT-6 score were statistically significant (p < 0.01). In addition, reduction in the dizziness and headache frequency in a month was statistically
significant.
Conclusion: As vestibular rehabilitation has noticeable effects on dizziness and headache, this treatment is introduced as an effective and non-invasive treatment in children and adoles-cents with a vestibular migraine.


This guide to Frye and his work includes a chronology, a catalog of primary and secondary materials, a list of conferences devoted to him, annotations in books in his personal library, his honorary degrees, dissertations under his direction, the application of his criticism in other disciplines, and his role in the Bodley Club as an Oxford student. --Provided by publisher.


The paper pertains to the development of a simple semi-empirical method of analysis for predicting the uplift capacity of pile groups embedded in sand assuming an inverted truncated rectangular pyramidal failure surface. Various pile and soil parameters such as length, diameter of the pile, group configuration, spacing of the piles and the soil properties such as density, angle of internal friction and the pile-soil interface friction angle having direct influence on the uplift capacity of the pile group are incorporated in the analysis. The predicted values of uplift capacity of pile groups with different configuration and length to embedment ratio are then compared with model test results carried out as a part of the present investigation and also with the values reported in literature. The predictions are found to be in good agreement with the measured values validating the developed method of analysis.


This service aims to provide training and accounting assistance based on Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) for Fish Traders in Depok Market, Surakarta. Training and mentoring activities for the accounting process based on the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) are carried out by means of presentations, discussions and simulations. The target of this Community Service activity is for Fish Traders at Pasar Depok Surakarta. The solution offered is that fish traders at Pasar Depok Surakarta as entrepreneurs will be able to compile simple financial reports based on Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM). This activity begins by assisting in making proof of transactions, the process of recording transactions to the preparation of financial statements. The expected results of this activity include fish traders in the Depok Surakarta market being able to record each transaction into transaction receipts, being able to carry out manual books related to the accounting cycle and compiling financial reports from their business results on the basis of SAK EMKM. The follow-up to this activity is that continuous guidance and mentoring will be carried out, so that mentoring participants can actually prepare simple financial reports based on the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) as well as training in the use of simple excel-based accounting software that makes it easier for fish traders. in the Depok-Surakarta market in preparing financial statements.


This paper describes the application of the surfacing of two long-span steel-deck suspension bridges, which posed several challenges to asphalt engineers. The first bridge was the Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong, with 1377m main span, and the second was the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in Japan, with 1991m main span; both were surfaced during 1996 and 1997. The projects for both these bridges extended over a very long time period. Surfacing design for the first began in 1978, and the first tentative specifications for the second were published in 1977. Mastic asphalt was used for the Tsing Ma Bridge, using a specification based broadly on British Standard BS 1447. Most of its raw materials came from the UK, and the mastic asphalt was manufactured on site, heated, and transported to the bridge deck for laying. It was laid with a Linhoff gussasphalt type paving machine, which ran on the top of steel side restraint forms placed on the deck. Gussasphalt was used for the surfacing of the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge, which had a surfacing whose total thickness and weight was almost twice that of the Tsing Ma Bridge. Whereas the mastic asphalt layer of the latter is a waterproof wearing course, the gussasphalt of the former acts as a flexible but stable waterproofing layer under an asphaltic concrete wearing course.


The well-known cavity perturbation method, in which a cavity resonator is partially filled with a material sample is used to determine material parameters (permittivity, electrical conductivity, and permeability) at microwave frequencies. These parameters are inferred from the differences in resonant behavior between the empty cavity and the material-loaded cavity. When applying the method, one has to couple the cavity to external measuring equipment (e.g., a vector network analyzer) to obtain the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-parameters of the cavity. The insertion of a coupling device (e.g., a thin stub) detunes the cavity. If the cavity is loaded with a large sample or if one has no access to the empty cavity—both cases may occur in in-process monitoring applications—one must remove the detuning effect from measured <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-parameters to produce accurate estimates of the sample material parameters. Several methods for this de-embedding have been proposed in the literature. They work well for loose or not-too strong coupling, but less so for strong coupling, which may occur in in-process monitoring situations. We have examined the known de-embedding procedures with respect to their ability for coping with strong coupling by thin stubs and propose a method that works in this case.


The most relevant practical impediment to an application of the Markowitz portfolio selection approach is the problem of estimating return moments, in particular return expectations. We analyze the consequences of using return estimates implied by analysts' dividend forecasts under the explicit notion of taxes and non-flat term structures of interest rates and achieve quite good performance results. As a by-product, these results cast some doubt upon the adequacy of estimating market risk premia with implied returns, because estimation techniques with good performance results are hardly suited to describe market expectations.


We assess environmental factors that may have contributed to farm abandonment in Þorsmork, south Iceland. Here farms were established during the initial Norse colonisation of Iceland and abandoned by the 13th century AD. Soil erosion has been identified as a possible factor in this settlement change. This hypothesis is assessed using sediment profiles constrained by tephrochronology in Þorsmork and the nearby area of Stakkholt. In Þorsmork, there is evidence for episodes of landscape instability between the 10th and 13th centuries and localised episodes of soil erosion to bedrock that ended before 1300 AD and the onset of the Little Ice Age (LIA) climate changes. This early instability is absent from Stakkholt. Later LIA stability in Þorsmork contrasts with episodes of instability in Stakkholt. The implication is that Þorsmork was sensitive to early settlement impacts that lead to extensive erosion. After farm abandonment in Þorsmork, the surviving woodland was successfully conserved as a valuable source of wood and charcoal for lowland farms where woodland resources had been depleted. Mounting pressure on woodland resources in the 11th -12th centuries could have been an important factor in determining the precise timing of abandonment.


Seismic imaging in geologically complex fold belt area is a known challenge for acquisition and processing geophysicists world over. Conventional processing approaches on many occasions fail to produce the best possible image of the subsurface in the presence of strong noise and weak signal strength. A different acquisition and processing strategy has to be adopted to enhance the signal. Attempts are being made in field of acquisition and processing of seismic data to get a meaningful picture of the sub-surface in the fold belt areas all over the globe. One such attempt has been made in North of Gojalia area in the Tripura fold belt of Assam-Arakan basin, India.


Space based HgCdTe imaging devices, built on CdZnTe substrates, require radiation hardened anti-reflection (AR) treatments in order to withstand the rigors of the space environment. Conventional anti-reflection (AR) coatings provide adequate optical performance but are prone to delamination and degradation due to extreme temperature cycling and irradiation in space. Consequently, there is an intense need for improved AR technology that combines high optical performance with improved durability. Etching physical gradient or motheye structures directly into the CdZnTe eliminates the need to deposit additional layers of different materials onto the substrate, avoiding the possibility of delamination and cross contamination. Motheye AR surfaces, under development at Surmet Corporation, have demonstrated excellent broadband optical performance in the LWIR (7 to14 micron) waveband. Surmet's motheye technology involves direct etching of a regular pattern of fine features into the CdZnTe substrate, using standard lithography and dry etching techniques. The results from this ongoing research and development effort are discussed.


The experiment results indicate that after application of the pollution -free botanical regulator Yipengzao 200 times solution and Plant Yield Enhancement Energy Liquor 400 times solution,the spring tea sprouts earlier,first round tea yield increases by 28Kg/667m2,income increases by RMB224/667m2.


This monograph traces the development of the designs and techniques used in the production of ironwork in England from roughly AD 1050 to AD 1500. Found mostly on church doors, chests and tombs, in the form of hinges, handles, knockers or grilles the ironwork of this period is a virtually unexplored aspect of medieval art, and has proved to be a rich source of evidence for design and craft skills.


Aiming at the question of multispectral image matching, correlation matching algorithm based on edge character is adopted and a general-purpose high speed real time signal processing hardware architecture using FPGA and multi-DSP as its key processors is designed. The experiment results indicate that both the algorithm and the hardware architecture are effective and feasible, and the performance meets the requirements of real time process.


The dynamics of fibers in high speed air flows is important for understanding many modern problems arising in engineering, biology, and others. This paper proposes a flexible fiber model describing the complex two-phase flow by separating the fiber into discrete particles, and incorporating a dynamic constraint to the particles.


structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling. 1999;6:l–55. 24. Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator mediator variable distinction in social psychological-research conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51:1173–1182. 25. Sobel ME. Direct and indirect effects in linear structural equation models. Sociol Method Res. 1987;16:155–176. 26. Tronick EZ, Als H, Adamson L. The communicative structure of early face-to-face interactions. In: Bullova M, ed. The Beginnings of Interpersonal Communication. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press;1979:349–372. 27. Bakeman R, Adamson LB. Coordinating attention to people and objects in mother–infant and peer–infant interaction. Child Dev. 1984;55:1278–1289. 28. Legerstee M. The role of dyadic communication in social cognitive development. Adv Child Dev Behav. 2009; 37: 1–53. 29. Kuhl PK, Williams KA, Lacerda F, Stevens KN, Lindblom B. Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age. Science. 1992;255:606–608. 30. Tsao FM, Liu HM, Kuhl PK. Speech perception in infancy predicts language development in the second year of life: a longitudinal study. Child Dev. 2004;75:1067–1084.


Compression/resorption refrigeration systems are similar to conventional vapor compression systems but using zeotropic mixtures with large boiling temperature difference, similar to the refrigerant/absorbent mixtures used in absorption technology. A resorber and a desorber replace the conventional condenser and evaporator, respectively. As the saturation temperature in both desorber and resorber change with the composition, there is a gliding temperature that can reduce the irreversibility of the heat transfer with external sensible heat and sink sources. Another advantage of these systems is that they operate at lower pressures and pressure ratios than the conventional ones. CO2/acetone mixture was proposed for automotive air-conditioning with compression/resorption systems. In this paper, different methods are evaluated for modelling the thermodynamic properties, using experimental data. The selected thermodynamic model will be used to study the performance of the compression/resorption refrigeration cycle.


Signal detection in low signal to noise ratio (SNR) is widely concerned. In this paper, an algorithm for weak signals detection based on Cross-correlation analysis is proposed. The simulation results show that this algorithm is a fairly effective method for improving the ratios of signal to noise. Using this algorithm in radio monitoring, we can raise the sensitivity of the monitoring system and extend the regional coverage of the radio base station.


A 57-year-old man presented in 1991 with increasing shortness of breath over five years. He reported no other chest symptoms and 10 years earlier had given up a 30-year smoking habit. As a young man, he underwent splenectomy for congenital spherocytosis, which resulted in a normalisation of his haemoglobin concentration and exercise tolerance. Chest examination was normal and there were no features of right heart failure. The full blood count and chest X-ray were normal; the electrocardiogram demonstrated peaked P waves and the echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular function with a dilated right heart. Spirometry results included a 1-second-forced expiratory volume of 2.7 L (82% predicted), a forced vital capacity of 4.2 L (99% predicted) and a residual volume of 2.1 L (96% predicted). Carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, corrected for lung volume, was 3.82 mL/min per mmHg per L (88% predicted). Pulmonary angiography showed multiple pulmonary emboli in the right lower lobe. He was started on longterm warfarin. His dyspnoea progressed and when reexamined in 1994 he was cyanosed at rest with giant V waves in the neck, a loud S2 and a tricuspid regurgitant murmur. Doppler demonstrated a right ventricular systolic pressure of 60 mmHg and arterial pO2 was 8.5 kPa, so he was started on domicillary oxygen. Ventilation-perfusion lung scan showed subsegmental mismatched areas. Right heart catheterisation pressures were as follows: mean right atrial 8 mmHg, pulmonary artery 90/35 mmHg, capillary wedge 5 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance 1282 dynes/s per cm–5. Cardiac output was 3.12 L/min. Repeat angiography showed proximally dilated pulmonary arteries, pouch and web defects in the right lower lobe and attenuation of distal vessels (Figure 1). Ultrasound of the deep leg veins was normal. In 1995 he underwent pulmonary angioscopy in San Diego but no resectable thromboembolic disease was present and inhaled nitric oxide did not decrease pulmonary resistance. The risks of lung transplantation were considered prohibitive because of his age and he continued to deteriorate despite pharmacological treatment. He subjectively improved on nebulised prostacyclin (Iloprost trometamol 10 μg b.d.) but required frusemide for peripheral oedema and liver capsule pain. Oxypentifylline and aspirin were used in the hope of improving small vessel pulmonary blood flow and finally, sildenafil was started 6 months before his death in 2002. Autopsy showed extensive atherosclerosis of the pulmonary arteries and right ventricular hypertrophy. There was severe muscular hypertrophy and intimal fibrosis in the medium-sized pulmonary arteries and plexiform change in the smaller vessels. Subtle features of previous thromboembolism were present. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTPH) is rare, occurring in only 0.1% of pulmonary embolism survivors and the diagnosis is difficult because first, up to 50% do not have a history of pulmonary embolism.1 Second, the physical findings of pulmonary hypertension may be subtle (before right ventricular failure develops), and even when found are often attributed to obstructive airways disease.1,2 In our patient, pulmonary angiography was undertaken because symptoms were progressive and his stable spirometry results were not consistent with the echo findings of pulmonary hypertension. Finally, although angiographic features of large artery chronic thromboembolism were found in the right lower lobe, only subsegmental defects were seen on the ventilation perfusion scan. The absence of segmental (or greater) areas of mismatch makes significant proximal disease very unlikely. Unfortunately, computed tomography does not add to the sensitivity of these investigations and angioscopy was undertaken because, occasionally, perfusion defects understate the magnitude of the proximal lesions.3 It is vital to exclude


A general algorithm is developed for input shaping on the basis of the deadbeat state feedback control theory in discrete-time. This algorithm is easily extended to generate input sequence robust to parametric uncertainties in a flexible structure. Numerical results are presented for systems with one and two vibratory modes.


The demand behavior of the different goods and services is a key component that shapes the structure of an economy, and its analysis is economic policies, such as taxation and promotion of productive development. Within the many demand systems posed in the theoretical and empirical literature, the almost ideal demand systems (AIDS and QUAIDS) have properties consistent with the maximization of utility according to the consumer's neoclassical theory. In this paper, we estimate price elasticities of demand, cross price and income are estimated for large groups of goods and services in Peru from 2004 to 2014, using AIDS and QUAIDS models, based on data from household surveys, using the AIDS and QUAIDS. It is found that the values of price elasticities of demand are consistent with the literature. Likewise, it is determined that the services of care, health conservation, transportation and communications, leisure, entertainment, cultural services, and education and other services constitute luxury goods, although there is heterogeneity in the results when the analysis is done at a higher level of disaggregation.


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, and an impaired immune response plays a critical role in IBD. The current drugs and therapies for IBD treatment are of limited use, therefore, there is a need to find novel drugs or therapies for this disease. We investigated the effect of cambogin in a mouse model of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis and whether cambogin attenuates inflammation via a Treg‐cell‐mediated effect on the immune response.


ABSTRACT Lepidelphax pistiae Remes Lenicov (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is monophagous on Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae), an invasive floating plant in Florida. Temperature studies were conducted to determine the optimal temperature for development and reproduction for this potential biological control agent. Egg development time decreased as temperature increased from 17°C to 30°C. No eggs developed and no nymphs survived at 15°C. Adult females survived the longest at 15°C, indicating that they might be more resilient to cold temperatures. Optimal temperature for nymph development was 25°C with 29% surviving to adulthood in 18.2 ± 0.4 days.


Abstract A successful rabbit control operation was conducted in July 1992 on Blackstone Hill, Otago, New Zealand. A greater than 90% kill of rabbits was achieved using aerially sown sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) carrot bait. Streams and rivers on Blackstone Hill were monitored for 4 weeks after the operation and only two out of 29 samples contained measurable amounts of 1080 at 0.0003 and 0.0006 mg/1. Measurable amounts of 1080 occurred only within 48 h of the application of toxic bait. All subsequent samples were either free from 1080 or contained concentrations below the limit of detection (0.0003 mg/1). These levels pose no threat to humans, stock, or aquatic life.


Brain Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) plays a non-substitutive role in clinical diagnosis. The symptom of many diseases corresponds to the structural variants of brain. Automatic structure segmentation in brain MRI is of great importance in modern medical research. Some methods were developed for automatic segmenting of brain MRI but failed to achieve desired accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a new patch-based approach for automatic segmentation of brain MRI using convolutional neural network (CNN). Each brain MRI acquired from a small portion of public dataset is firstly divided into patches. All of these patches are then used for training CNN, which is used for automatic segmentation of brain MRI. Experimental results showed that our approach achieved better segmentation accuracy compared with other deep learning methods.


This study aimed to describe the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of South African coronary artery bypass graft recipients. The sample consisted of 31 participants (22 males and 9 females) with an average age of 58 years six months (SD = 5 years 9 months). Participants were assessed in their homes an average of 14.25 weeks after surgery (SD = 3.99 weeks). The assessment consisted of a structured interview, a self-report questionnaire, and a psychometric test battery that measured cognitive functioning. Data were analysed by computing descriptive statistics (percentages, means) and multivariate statistics to identify subgroups of the sample. Participants' HRQOL was described along the dimensions of symptoms, functional status and perceptions. Key findings included the following: All participants experienced relief from cardiac chest pain symptoms; subgroups were identified that experienced cognitive impairment and low levels of psychological well-being; the majority of participants (84%) believed that their health was good and 80% felt that the coronary bypass surgery had fulfilled their expectations; and overall, the findings emphasised the individualised nature of reactions to cardiac surgery and the importance of psychological variables in cardiac care.


With the methods of literature,questionnaire,and mathematical statistics,multistage stratified sampling survey was conducted among the professional and technical personnel in Henan province.This paper puts forward development countermeasures in sport investment of the professional and technical personnel in Henan province.


16 In the aftermath of the BP/Deepwater Horizon hydrocarbon discharge in 2010, a subsurface 17 plume characterized by hydrocarbon concentrations highly elevated above background and a 18 drawdown of O2 was documented in Gulf of Mexico deep water to the southwest of the wellhead. 19 The magnitude of the O2 deficit and the processes responsible were poorly constrained and 20 remain a subject of debate. Here, we present an analysis of O2 drawdown from two research 21 cruises conducted near and to the southwest of the wellhead and introduce a novel interpolation 22 method to quantify total O2 consumption. We illustrate that accurate estimates of total O2 23 depletion must account for water movement and, more importantly, must capture the spatial 24 structure of the O2 anomaly field, which is difficult with the sparse sampling regime typically 25 utilized on oceanographic cruises. We further show that in late May/early June in the vicinity of 26 the wellhead, increased oxygen anomalies correlate with increasing methane oxidation rates and 27 distance from the wellhead, which reflects the exposure time of the microbial community to 28 hydrocarbons. 29 30 3


Phraseological units, ranging from fixed collocations to idioms, are often defined as non-compositional strings, which reflects their formal characteristics but not their semantic traits. Semantic analysability – the ability to derive the meaning of the whole from the individual meanings of the components – is also a characteristic of phraseological units, but one that tends to be reserved for idioms. Drawing from extensive work into the relationship between metaphor, idiom and phraseology (Philip forthcoming), this contribution will demonstrate how semantic prosody interacts with semantic analysability. Semantic analysability operates along a continuum, and it will be seen that the more phraseological meaning is distanced from the meanings of its component parts, the more pronounced and important the semantic prosody becomes. Comprehensive discussion on the terminology used is included, as are detailed examples of the lexical items examined.


In the production of chromium and in the process of transportation of chromiumcontaining materials, contamination of natural waters and soils with chromium compounds inevitably occurs. In this paper, the sorption of chromium (VI) ions with carbon sorbents is studied as a method for treating waste and natural water contaminated with chromiumcontaining compounds. Sorption method of extraction and concentration of elements is one of the most effective and simple technological method of chromium extraction. For extraction of chromium (VI), carbon sorbents obtained from recycling of wheat grains waste (RWGW) (wheat husk or bran) modified with ammonium nitrate were used. RWGW (recycling of wheat grains waste) + NH4NO3 (3%), RWGW (recycling of wheat grains waste) + NH4NO3 (5%), RWGW (recycling of wheat grains waste) + NH4NO3 (7%) were used. Chromium sorption was investigated depending on various factors. It has been established that the most effective sorbent is RWGW (recycling of wheat grains waste) + NH4NO3 (3%), with which it is possible to extract chromium by 98% from solutions at pH=1 in 30 min. This sorbent has been tested for industrial wastewater treatment containing up to 36 mg/L of chromium (VI) ions. The metal recovery rate was 95.2%. The obtained results indicate the prospects of application of RWGW (recycling of wheat grains waste) + NH4NO3 (3%) for wastewater treatment from chromium (VI).


Three years ago, with the Queen's visit to Germany, and for a year more, it was possible to argue that Anglo-German relations were one of the new Labour administration's outstanding successes in foreign policy. Despite the new premier's known dislike for foreign relations as such, save where his name could be associated with dramatic gestures of the "top-table peacemaking" kind, successive foreign ministers had succeeded in allaying the suspicions of British policy which had bedevilled Anglo-German relations since the mid-1950s and caused that disastrous loss of contact between London and Bonn from which the French have profited so markedly. They had removed the uncertainties over Labour policy on Berlin and German unification. They had convinced the German government of the genuineness of their desire to join the Common Market. They had even, so it seemed, laid the ghost of "disengagement," once official Labour policy, advocated not only by the late Labour leader, Mr. Gaitskell, but embodied in a Fabian Society pamphlet written by the new Labour minister of defence, Mr. Denis Healey. Since 1966, however, the Labour government's success has been dissipated. A cloud has come over Anglo-German relations. Despite a continuing level of amity and amicably phrased communiques, despite a Brtish public which is continuing to lose its old fears of Germany, indeed remains curiously unimpressed by the spectre of rising neo-Nazism evoked by British press, radio, and T.V. commentators, the relations between the two governments have become querulous and edgy, moderated only by the extreme skill of the diplomatic representatives maintained by each country in the other's capital. Without the skill, bonhomie, and capacity for arousing goodwill of Sir Frank Roberts,


This case of chest pain complicating therapy received for ulcerative colitis in a young patient highlights the importance of a thorough history and clinical examination. The complication can be rapidly fatal if not recognised and treated quickly.


Ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry(UTDR) and wavelet transform were employed to monitor the initial fouling in a single polyethersulfone hollow fiber membrane(inside diameter: 0.8 mm;outside diameter: 1.2 mm) during microfiltration of 2.4 g/L kaolin solution.Results showed that the hollow fiber structure and membrane fouling were visualized from the wavelet contour map.The membrane flux declined with the fouling process,whereas the echo durations of upside and underside walls of the hollow fiber lumen changed regularly in time-domain with the fouling process.These systematic changes are relevant to the surface deposition and growth of fouling layer on the fiber lumen.At 420 min of fouling operation,SEM observation revealed that the fouling layer deposited on the underside surface of the lumen was thicker than that on the upside surface,which corresponded well with the results obtained by ultrasonic measurements.


The influence of each process index for primary brine on the production was introduced as well as methods to stably control these indexes.It was emphasized that the control of process indexes for primary brine was key factors influencing the product quality and the service life of ion-exchange membranes.


The invention discloses a hot stamping and die cutting machine. The hot stamping and die cutting machine is provided with a machine body, a hot stamping, rolling and unrolling device is arranged on the machine body and is provided with an installing base, an unrolling shaft is arranged at one end of the installing base, a rolling shaft is arranged at the other end of the installing base, and corresponding first drive rollers are arranged on the inner side of the unrolling shaft and the inner side of the rolling shaft respectively. The hot stamping and die cutting machine is characterized in that the installing base is provided with two first guide rollers doing reciprocating motion, and the two first guide rollers are respectively corresponding to the first drive rollers. According to the structure, the hot stamping and die cutting machine can be continuously fed in the hot stamping process and the die cutting and coining process without interruption, and the efficiency of the hot stamping and die cutting work and the coining work of the hot stamping and die cutting machine is greatly improved.


A method and an apparatus for generating a color profile and a recording medium capable of being read by a computer which records a program are provided to prevent color difference between an image displayed on a display screen of an image forming apparatus and a printed image. One of a reference color and a color table of the reference color is displayed on a display screen of an image forming apparatus, and the other of the reference color and the color table which is not displayed is printed(10,12). A similar color is determined by using the reference color and the color table(14). A color profile corresponding to the determined color is generated(16).


Introduction: The beneficial effects of physical exercise on functional capacity and inflammatory response are well-known in cardiovascular diseases; however, studies on sickle cell disease (SCD) are limited. It was hypothesized that physical exercise may exert a favorable effect on the inflammatory response of SCD patients, contributing to an improved quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a regular physical exercise program on the anti-inflammatory responses in SCD patients. Methods: A non-randomized clinical trial was conducted in adult SCD patients. The patients were divided into two groups: 1—Exercise Group, which received a physical exercise program three times a week for 8 weeks, and; 2—Control Group, with routine physical activities. All patients underwent the following procedures initially and after eight weeks of protocol: clinical evaluation, physical evaluation, laboratory evaluation, quality of life evaluation, and echocardiographic evaluation. Statistical analysis: Comparisons between groups were made using Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test. Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in inflammatory response between the Control and Exercise Groups. The Exercise Group showed an improvement in peak VO2 values (p < 0.001), an increase in the distance walked (p < 0.001), an improvement in the limitation domain due to the physical aspects of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) quality of life questionnaire (p = 0.022), and an increase in physical activity related to leisure (p < 0.001) and walking (p = 0.024) in the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). There was a negative correlation between IL-6 values and distance walked on the treadmill (correlation coefficient −0.444, p = 0.020) and the estimated peak VO2 values (correlation coefficient −0.480; p = 0.013) in SCD patients in both groups. Conclusions: The aerobic exercise program did not change the inflammatory response profile of SCD patients, nor did it show unfavorable effects on the parameters evaluated, and patients with lower functional capacity were those with the highest levels of IL-6.


We dendrogram the Leike et al. 2020 3D dust map, leveraging its $\sim 1$ pc spatial resolution to produce a uniform catalog of molecular clouds in the solar neighborhood. Using accurate distances, we measure the properties of 65 clouds in true 3D space, eliminating much of the uncertainty in mass, size, and density. Clouds in the catalog contain a total of $1.1 \times 10^5 \; \rm M_{\odot}$, span distances of $116-440$ pc, and include a dozen well-studied clouds in the literature. In addition to deriving cloud properties in 3D volume density space, we create 2D dust extinction maps from the 3D data by projecting the 3D clouds onto a 2D"Sky"view. We measure the properties of the 2D clouds separately from those of the 3D clouds. Using the 2D and 3D derived results, we compare the scaling relation between the masses and sizes of clouds following Larson 1981. We find that our 2D projected mass-size relation, $M \propto r^{2.1}$, agrees with Larson's Third Relation, but our 3D derived properties lead to a scaling relation of about one order larger: $M \propto r^{2.9}$. Validating predictions from numerical simulations and analytic theory, our results indicate that the mass-size relation is sensitive to whether column or volume density is used to define clouds, since mass scales with area in 2D space ($M \propto r^{2}$) and with volume in 3D space ($M \propto r^{3}$). Our results imply a roughly constant column and volume density for molecular clouds, as would be expected for clouds where the lower density, larger volume-filling gas dominates the cloud mass budget.


Guangzhou's time-honored brands are the image of Guangzhou City, the historical legacy of the cultural emblems of the millennium commercial capital, the bearer of the memory of "old Guangdong" over generations, and the legends inscribed in the vast era of history. It not only carries the rise and fall of the city, but also documents the awakening, rejuvenation, and development of these "gold-lettered signboards." In this age of big data, it is not only the expectation of the older generation, but also the responsibility of the new generation to "polish" the gold-lettered signboards of time-honored brands. "Time-honored brands" have accumulated rich and priceless knowledge from their ancestors in the vast era of business history and have profound cultural legacy. The time-honored brands that have been handed down not only allow the new generation to experience and identify with the unbounded knowledge of ancient people, but also provide economic value that can ensure the survival of future generations. However, in the market tide, the development of time-honored brands is not easy; some have even vanished. Therefore, it is imperative to take action to safeguard the development of time-honored brands, helping them to revitalize and shine once again. This paper discusses the difficulties in the development of Guangzhou's time-honored brands and provides relevant suggestions for digital intelligence marketing of these "brands."


genetic evaluation in any child with suspected genetically controlled retinal pathology. In the updated classification system for CXLRS inclusive of OCT findings, all 4 subtypes demonstrate foveal cystic schisis. Although this patient has multiple features of CXLRS, his lack of this critical finding places him outside this previously described classification system. It has been observed that children with CXLRS may not have clinical foveal changes at birth, but they usually manifest by age 8 years in our experience. The clinical picture of this case is somewhat of an outlier. This case may represent a fifth type of CXLRS with peripheral schisis and no associated macular lamellar schisis or foveal cystic schisis.


In this paper, we introduce the clique-blew up graph $CL(G)$ of a given graph $G$, which is obtained from $G$ by replacing each edge of $G$ with a complete graph $K_n$. We characterize all the normalized Laplacian spectrum of the grpah $CL(G)$ in term of the given graph $G$. Based on the spectrum obtained, the formulae to calculate the multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff index, the Kemeny's constant and the number of spanning trees of $CL(G)$ are derived well. Finally, the spectrum and indexes of the clique-blew up iterative graphs are present.


A highly selective, multiband, passive unit cell is introduced. The device is realized by incorporating a high impedance, periodic, patterned metal surface between two layers of dielectric in-between two parallel metal planes. The patterned surface is connected to the metal planes through metalized vias and through metal pins. The properties of the device have been assessed by numerically computing the dispersion diagram using a commercial software. The narrow pass-bands present in the microwave frequency range makes the structure well-suited for filters intended for direct incorporation in antenna feeders in view of wireless applications. Q-factor as high as 300 can be achieved.


This paper introduces a novel system design for indoor position estimation. The designed indoor positioning system is capable of detecting the coordinates of standalone ultra wide band transmitters in interior environment. An effective, but simple impulse generator has also been developed that can be used in such a positioning system. The simple impulse generator contains only three active elements. The highly configurable design methodology and the easy assembling of UWB transmitter contribute to quick evaluation of localisation algorithms.


The CV1000 is a new confocal microscopy system that enables multi-point, long-term 3D imaging of live cells while keeping them healthy and active. Based on Yokogawa's CSU confocal scanner, the all-in-one CV1000 is equipped with laser light sources, highly sensitive EMCCD camera, precision XYZ auto stage, auto-focus and incubator functions. This system can be widely used by many researchers, especially for long-term observation of the development process of mammalian embryos, colony formation process of iPS/ES cells, and so on.


Sudden changes in environment causes abiotic and biotic stress due to which farmers are facing problem of decreased yield. The present study was designed to improve yield by alleviating oxidative stress in crops. Silicon is gaining importance in promoting growth and yield of plants. Soluble silica in the form of AgriboosterTM was sprayed on test field of soybean during cultivation. Proline content was found to be decreased significantly in soybean sprayed with soluble silica. Significantly decreased malondialdehyde content was observed in soybean which indicates beneficial role of silica in preventing lipid peroxidation. Soluble silica increased peroxidase activity by increasing water availability and total phenol content was also found to be increased significantly in soybean. So from the present study it can be concluded that silica when applied on crops in soluble form prevent oxidative stress caused due to various environmental factors which may help in better quality product and yield.


Objective To research the relative factors of the male spermatozoon chromosome aberration in couples with unhealthy pregnancy and reproductive outcomes after intervene measures.Methods The technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) for the chromosome enumeration DNA probes(CEP) of X、Y、18 chromosome and Dithiothreitol(DDT) were used to hybridize the sperm nucleus of the unhealthy pregnancy couples and the hybridization signal was recorded and compared with control group.Results With chi-square test,the rate of sperm chromosome disome of X、Y、18 and nullisomic of X+Y of experimental group had exceeded the control group(P0.05).It was explained that was one of important reasons of unhealthy pregnancy for spermatozoon chromosome aneuploid aberration.By the intervene means of keeping harmful substance from themselves and taking orally folic acid for the male of the unhealthy pregnancy couples for 3 months-6months,it was significant reduced that the rate of sperm chromosome disome of X、Y、18 and nullisomic of X+Y experimental group have been reduced.It was significant(P0.05).Conclusion The technique of FISH is the fast,accurate,simple,practical and useful method to detect the spermatozoon chromosome aneuploid aberration.


A large literature emphasizes that distortions misallocate resources across firms and are a key source of productivity losses. This paper examines the dynamic effects of distortions when they affect not only the allocation of resources but also firm-level incentives to improve productivity. I consider a setting where firms spend on innovation and thereby influence the evolution of productivity. When distortions are tied to productivity, firm-level innovation falls and the distribution over productivity becomes right-skewed. Quantitatively, TFP and average output falls and is amplified through the innovation channel. When distortions are uniform across firms, instead of correlated with productivity, the effects on TFP and average output are dampened.


question of an operation!» It can be depressing for a nursing home doctor to be met with a lack of understanding from a duty hospital doctor (1). How much should we push for chest X-rays of elderly residents at nursing homes when pneumonia is suspected? The crucial point is of course whether it will have consequences for their treatment. In this edition of the Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association, Einar Vigeland et al. show that more than 80 % of mobile X-ray examinations actually did have implications for patients' subsequent treatment (2).


In this paper, we introduce REX-10 (Regional Energy Reactor, 10MWth) system development and power system interconnection in the utilization sides of renewable energy resources for the purpose of reduction of environmental greenhouse gas emissions. The REX-10 consists of nuclear reactor power generation units with thorium fuel. We describe the assumed strategy for power interconnection between the island areas and a KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation) power system. The electric power capacity for the regional power generation per unit has less than 10 MW of power output. The newly designed REX-10 has been developed to be placed in an island ares to maintain system safety, island, etc. Also, REX-10 units for distributed generations (DGs) are connected to the backbone transmission line of a KEPCO 154kV power system in South Korea. Additionally, this study on DGs using REX-10 is necessary and important with respect to the environmental energy policy for greenhouse gas reductions in Korea. Thus, we expect reduced carbon dioxide emissions of 6.448 million tons as compared with what coal-fired power plants would emit if they were to generate the same amount of electricity.


In this paper we shall study the existence of an S 1 -isovariant map from a rational homology sphere M with pseudofree action to a representation sphere SW. We first show some isovariant Borsuk-Ulam type results. Next we shall consider the converse of those results and show that there exists an S 1 -isovariant map from M to SW under suitable conditions.


In this paper, we discuss some numerical issues concerning an algorithm for solving the eigenvalue assignment (eva) problem by means of output feedback. The algorithm is based on the implicitly shifted QR algorithm for solving the algebraic eigenvalue problem. Both constant and dynamic output feedback are considered.


A waist exercising device comprises a base, a foot support, two vertical columns, two vertical column hinged bases, a roller, a roller shaft, two supporting rods, two telescopic rod lower end hinged bases and two telescopic rod upper end hinged bases. The two vertical column hinged bases, the two telescopic rod lower end hinged bases and the foot support are fixed to the base, the two vertical columns are hinged to the two vertical column hinged bases, the two telescopic rod upper end hinged bases are fixed to the two vertical columns, the two ends of the two supporting rods are hinged to the two telescopic rod lower end hinged bases and the two telescopic rod upper end hinged bases respectively, the roller shaft is matched with unthreaded holes in the upper ends of the two vertical columns, and the roller is matched with the roller shaft in a rotating mode. According to the waist exercising device, a fixing point of the two feet can be provided, a safe bearing point of the waist can be provided, and therefore the waist can be safely exercised without being damaged.


Under the context of the economic globalization, to foster the competitiveness of start-ups and enterprises, the technology transfer and the exploitation of invention from universities to enterprises are very necessary. Therefore, the importance of policy and legal rules relating to the transfer of technology is enhanced. In order to ensure the purpose of the university technology translation, the policy of each country with a tendency individual development will create specific legal mechanisms. However, it cannot deny that with the development of science and technology, the building of coherent and synchronized legal mechanism is imperative. Author does not have expectation to analyze all legal rules relating to university technology transfer in general. Therefore, this paper will research the regulations, in particular, on the ownership of technologies which are created from State budget and on the technology transfer management capacity at universities, to promote university technological transfers of two countries with contrasted economies and scientific-technological levels (USA—an industrialized country and Vietnam—a developing country). Through the analyses, we can see the differences from current relevant legal frameworks and have some discussions about the impact of these legal rules in practice between two countries.


It has been seven years since the publication of Cities of the Plain (1998), and anticipation of the release ofNo Countryfor OldMen was apparent for six months before its publication to anyone who has visited the McCarthy Society web site (www.cormacmccarthy.com). In May, the advanced reader copies (ARC) of the novel were released, and some were made available on eBay. As of this writing, four have been sold, each formore than one hundred dollars; six more are for sale. First editions ofMcCarthy's novels and especially signed copies continue to increase in price. Ten years ago, I was pleased to find a fine unsigned first edition of The OrchardKeeper (1965) at a book fair in Kansas City. It was the first book I was willing to pay over a thousand dollars for, but I didn't have to. Recently, I was offered three tiiousand for that copy. I have all ofMcCarthy's first trade editions, and it is that part of my collection that I am most proud to own, In the book collecting world, it is generally agreed that a book's value is determined by the number of available copies and literary merit. Few would disagree with the assertion thatMcCarthy is one of the important writers of the day, and it has been said that he is the best living American writer. I have echoed this claim, but then I always laugh and qualify; I have not read the works of every living writer in this country. In the McCarthy Society chat room, the discussion of No Country for Old Men runs from the historical accuracy of certain lines to the description of a hunting rifle to the whines of those who have not been able to get an ARC. The site reports that panels are already being formed to discuss this novel at academic conferences. And while there will be much debate about this novel and where it ranks


Currently enterprises are organising themselves in 'new' structures, alternatively called enterprise networks, virtual enterprises, supply chains. We are interested in enterprise networks in which decision and information systems are distributed. We are searching for a global performance while controlling the architecture with local bilaterally negotiated co-decisions. We propose an architecture based on multi-agent system and the associated protocols, described by statecharts, to ensure as much as possible a global coherence and the convergence of the decision process. We propose models and tools in order to validate our approach by simulation of the multi-agent system. We employ our model on a particular problem in which enterprises are searching complementary resources (stocks, production capacities, components and/or transport capacities) in order to deal with unexpected orders different from the planned forecasting. The simulation considers parameters of the architecture systems in order to define how many unexpected orders must be treated in parallel the goal is to find a good equilibrium between minimisation of answer delay and maximisation of efficiency.


No statement could be stronger in elaborating how the comic arts can be the stuff of fighting racism with style and sophistication. Kid Code's messaging goes deep into the crates of black culture. The Kid—a hip-hop acronym itself as a Knight of the Infinite Digging—is locked in a fight with the Power to regain control of the 'Verse. Eons past, the Power sampled the God MC and created the Dark Mix, which is the gnostic timeline we now inhabit, a false universe under a false god. The Kid fights to create the Everlasting Cosmic Mixtape—nine tracks to reassemble the God Sample and restore balance to the flow.


Tim Bono decided not to accept the homosexual-themed work, and the customer filed a discrimination complaint against his business. While eventually the complaint was dismissed, both sides were left feeling unhappy and dissatisfied. See also the A case (UVA-E-0297).


Uncovering the genetic underpinnings of musical ability and engagement is a foundational step for exploring their wide‐ranging associations with cognition, health, and neurodevelopment. Prior studies have focused on using twin and family designs, demonstrating moderate heritability of musical phenotypes. The current study used genome‐wide complex trait analysis and polygenic score (PGS) approaches utilizing genotype data to examine genetic influences on two musicality traits (rhythmic perception and music engagement) in N = 1792 unrelated adults in the Vanderbilt Online Musicality Study. Meta‐analyzed heritability estimates (including a replication sample of Swedish individuals) were 31% for rhythmic perception and 12% for self‐reported music engagement. A PGS derived from a recent study on beat synchronization ability predicted both rhythmic perception (β = 0.11) and music engagement (β = 0.19) in our sample, suggesting that genetic influences underlying self‐reported beat synchronization ability also influence individuals' rhythmic discrimination aptitude and the degree to which they engage in music. Cross‐trait analyses revealed a modest contribution of PGSs from several nonmusical traits (from the cognitive, personality, and circadian chronotype domains) to individual differences in musicality (β = −0.06 to 0.07). This work sheds light on the complex relationship between the genetic architecture of musical rhythm processing, beat synchronization, music engagement, and other nonmusical traits.


The recipient of the Frederick J. Streng Book of the Year Award for 2004 is Beside Still Waters: Jews, Christians, and the Way of the Buddha, edited by Harold Kasimow, John P. Keenan, and Linda Klepinger Keenan. This book provides the reader with a combination of reflection on the creatively transformative power of interreligious dialogue and documentation of that creative transformation in the lives of committed Jews and Christians in dialogue with Buddhism. The bulk of this book consists of candid, autobiographical essays by seven Jewish and Christian scholars in the form of personal testimony, which, taken as a whole, presents an extended argument for the value of interfaith dialogue in general and Buddhist-Christian-Jewish dialogue in particular. The final section of the book consists of four essays written from sociological, Jewish, Christian, and Buddhist perspectives by authors who have read the primary essays and reflect on interreligious dialogue more broadly in light of their own particular experience and research. Those who read Beside Still Waters as seekers will find themselves in the company of fellow pilgrims on the Way who offer their particular life stories filled with focused insight and theological sophistication. The strength of this collection of essays is that it robustly displays Jewish and Christian encounter with Buddhism as a new direction that contemporary Buddhist-Christian dialogue as practiced within the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies would do well to emulate. Buddhist-Christian Studies asked the editors a few questions.


Frequency of sexual activity 1. Frequency of sexual intercourse, kissing and petting, and masturbation was lower in the older age groups. 2. Concern about sexual activity was higher in the age group of 50–70 years. 3. Overall, no differences were seen between transitional and non-transitional centers for frequency of sexual thoughts, concern about frequency of sexual activities, petting, and intercourse. 4. Conversely, subjects living in non-transitional centers reported a higher frequency of masturbation.


Sufficient changes of the social system in Russia turned to be reasons for the reform in teaching constitutional law at the law faculties in Russian universities. The author argues that subjects of Russian and foreign constitutional law, still divided, must become integral parts of the single whole system of constitutional knowledge. The function of a uniting element of the two parts must be fulfilled by an academic course under the title «General part of Constitutional law» taught at the law faculty of Moscow State University since 1991.


In teaching of definite intergral and its applie, we should pay attention to its definition and essence of definite integral, element method and claculation of element, precision of element and form of replacing curve by straight line.


As an effective method to coordinate supply chain, revenue-sharing contract cannot function when the demand is uncertain and dependent on the retailer's sale effort. Considering a supply chain with one single supplier serving one retailer, the aforementioned result is explained through the theoretical analysis. To coordinate the supply chain, a new revenue sharing contract with sale effort cost partaking was therefore proposed, and the supply chain coordination can be achieved. The new contract is apt to implement because of few contract parameters. Finally, a numerical example was given to illustrate the model and obtain the optimal allocation proportion of revenue. The proposed model demonstrated that both supplier and retailer can gain more profits when the new contract is applied. KeywordsSupply Chain Coordination; Revenue-sharing Contract; Effort Effect; Cost Partaking


ADDRESSES OF WELCOME For the School: WALDO NEWCOMER, President Board of Directors, Maryland School for the Blind. For the State: Hrs ExcELLENCY ALBERT C. RITCHIE, Governor of Maryland. For the City: HoN. WM. F. BROENING, Mayor of Baltimore. RESPONSE FOR THE ASSOCIATION AND THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS W. K. ARGO, President, Superintendent of Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind, Colorado Springs, Col. EDw ARD M. VAN CLEVE, First Vice-President, Principal of New York (City) Institute for the Blind, New York.


The curve-fitting package TSPACK has been converted to double precision. Also, portability has been improved by eliminating some potential errors.


ABSTRACT Remote-pilot aircraft are developing very rapidly and their potential in the various fields is often still to be fully investigated. The possibility to fly over the areas to be surveyed without the need to access the areas themselves makes the use of UAVs in some cases certainly preferable for safety reasons, as has already been tested for the management of post-disaster areas. Waste landfills are small sites where contact with waste itself must be limited and scientific experimentation on surveying this specific type of site is currently limited. The results obtained in other types of sites or infrastructures are not automatically applied to waste landfills due to the specific geometrical characteristics and texture of the images that can be obtained at sites like these. In this work, a test on an exhausted landfill has been carried out with attention to the accurate survey of a large number of control points necessary for a correct assessment of the final geometric accuracy. The use of ground control points and checkpoints has allowed the separate evaluation of precision and accuracy, which are very close to those obtained with the most common methods for these sites, such as laser scanning and total stations.


This paper presents a study on damaged reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with various type of fibrous concrete. The objective of research is to investigate the behaviour of damaged beams after repairing. Ultimate loads, load-deflection curves and cracking and crushing patterns have been compared with the controlled plain reinforced beams. Eighteen reinforced concrete beams were cast and tested for this purpose of investigation. Twelve beams were selected for retrofitting at the tension and compression sections, while other beams were selected for controlled plain reinforced beams and damaged beams. The results obtained have indicated that the inclusion of fibres in concrete enhanced the tensile strength and the modulus of rupture of plain concrete. Furthermore, beams retrofitted with fibrous concrete had increased the strength and ultimate loads with comparison to controlled beams.


The invention discloses a vacuum continuous casting device and method for alloy billets. The device comprises a smelting chamber and a casting chamber, wherein the smelting chamber is internally provided with a smelting system; a liquid steel pouring system and a collecting system are arranged in the casting chamber sequentially; the smelting chamber is connected with a main vacuum system through a pipeline and a valve; the casting chamber is connected with an auxiliary vacuum system through a pipeline and a valve; the smelting chamber and the casting chamber are separated from each other by main and auxiliary vacuum isolating valves; the main vacuum system and the auxiliary vacuum system are respectively provided with a vacuum instrument and an inflating/deflating system which are used for displaying and adjusting vacuum degrees; and the smelting chamber is provided with a smelting material vibrating system. Continuous casting of the alloy billets are performed by a single-point vibrating crystallizer, so that the continuous casting requirements of special alloy are met, the processing procedures of generating alloy ingot risers, cutting of skins and forging to form square billets are avoided, and the cost can be reduced by over 30 percent.


Objective To analyze clinical curative effect of lifestyle intervention on polyene phosphatidyl choline treat- ment nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods A total of 146 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were divid- ed into observation group and control group, control group was given polyene phosphatidyl choline treatment, the ob- servation group was given lifestyle intervention auxiliary polyene phosphatidyl choline treatment, liver function, blood fat, liver exceeds the average image change, BMI, waistline, the quality of life scores were compared. Results After treatment Observation group ALT, AST, TBIL, TG, TCL, LDL-C, liver enlargement, BMI, average waistline value were significantly lower than control group; HDL-C, Physical function, psychological function, social function, quality of life were significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion Lifestyle intervention auxiliary polyene phosphatidyl choline treatment can effectively reduce the weight, improve the patient's liver function and blood lipid, optimization of liver ultrasound image, improve the quality of life.


People who are not professional storytellers usually have difficulty composing travel photos and videos from a mundane slideshow into a coherent and engaging story, even when it is about their own experiences. However, consider putting the same person in a conversation with a friend - suddenly the story comes alive.
 We present Raconteur 2, a system for conversational storytelling that encourages people to make coherent points, by instantiating large-scale story patterns and suggesting illustrative media. It performs natural language processing in real-time on a text chat between a storyteller and a viewer and recommends appropriate media items from a library. Each item is annotated with one or a few sentences in unrestricted English. A large commonsense knowledge base and a novel commonsense inference technique are used to identify story patterns such as problem and resolution or expectation violation. It uses a concept vector representation that goes beyond keyword matching or word co-occurrence based techniques. A small experiment shows that people find Raconteur's interaction design engaging, and suggestions helpful for real-time storytelling.


The Hamiltonian approach to the calculation of vibrational modes of elastic cubic objects is exploited, including the effect of higher-order elastic constants. A technique is presented for solving the inverse problem, i.e., the determination of second- and third-order elastic constants for face cubic centered crystals by inversion of natural frequencies data. An unconstrained minimization algorithm, using gradient methods, is used to numerically solve the inverse problem. The method is applied to the case of Al alloys, since they are particularly suitable for applications of the acoustoelastic effect, which requires a knowledge of the third-order elastic constants. The efficiency and the accuracy of the method and the influence of measurement errors are discussed.


It was found with CO/H2 reaction over unsupported Ni catalysts that the C2+/CH4 selectivity decreased in the order; Ni-boride > Raney-Ni > Decomposed-Ni ∼ Ni-phosphide. This suggests that both the activity and selectivity increase as the electron density on Ni metal increases. The H/C atomic ratio of the surface carbon species deposited during the reaction was also dependent on the catalyst.


The inhibitory effect of bisquaternary compounds on erythrocyte membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetyl-hydrolase, EC 18.104.22.168) was investigated by kinetic methods. The membranes were obtained by osmotic hemolysis of human erythrocytes. A special photometric method was used for measurements, which made it possible to record the enzyme reaction in the steady-state phase. Incontrast to former investigations, in which the reaction medium contained Na+ and Mg2+ ions at rather high concentrations, these ions were omitted in the present experiments. Kinetic analysis of the results yielded the following types of inhibitory mechanisms: d-tubocurarine and gallamine, partially competitive—partially noncompetitive; succinylbischoline, partially competitive-noncompetitive ("mixed inhibition"). The noncompetitive portion of the mechanism of all compounds investigated is interpreted in the following way. d-Tubocurarine, gallamine, and succinylbischoline are bound to a site distinct from the active site of acetylcholinesterase. This site, called the "regulatory site," does not show catalytic activity and contains at least two negative charges. The presence of noncompetitive inhibition suggests that the binding of these effectors to the regulatory site must be combined with a conformational change, which affects the enzyme reaction rate negatively in the case of d-tubocurarine, gallamine, and succinylbischoline. The phenomenon of substrate concentration-dependent activation and inhibition, which is observed with the effector pentamethonium, is explicable only if the existence of a ternary enzyme-substrate-inhibitor (ESI) complex is accepted. This means that the reaction mechanism is expected to be partially noncompetitive in this case too, and consequently pentamethonium has to be designated as an allosteric effector. The regulatory site, whose existence is proved by the presence of the noncompetitive part of the reaction mechanism, could be identical with the cholinergic receptor defined by pharmacological experiments.


This paper describes a new class of spin transistors referred to as spin metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (spin MOSFETs). The possible device structures, and theoretically predicted device performance are presented. The spin MOSFETs can not only exhibit significant magnetotransport effect such as large magnetocurrent, but also satisfy important requirements for integrated circuit applications such as high transconductance, low power-delay product, and low off-current. The additional spin-related degree of freedom in controlling output currents makes the spin MOSFETs attractive building blocks for a nonvolatile memory cell and reconfigurable logic gates on spin-electronic integrated circuits. The experimental demonstration of a spin MOSFET is also presented.


Sleep disorders could influence pregnancy outcomes but evidence for longitudinal associations is scarce. We established a prospective cohort of women to determine incident sleep issues and their adverse health outcomes during pregnancy and beyond, and present here the baseline cohort profile. Antenatal women in gestational weeks 8–12 were recruited (n = 535) and followed-up in each trimester and at 5–6 weeks postpartum (no attrition). Sleep symptoms and disorders were measured using STOP-Bang and Berlin questionnaires and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Incident health outcomes were extracted from clinical records. At the time of recruitment, habitual snoring was present in 13.8% of participants; "excessive sleepiness during the day" (EDS) in 42.8%; short (<7 h) sleep duration in 46.4%; "having trouble sleeping" in 15.3%; and "poor subjective sleep quality" in 8.6%. Habitual snoring was strongly associated with irregular menstrual periods for one year preceding pregnancy (p = 0.014) and higher BMI (p < 0.001). Higher age was associated with less "trouble sleeping" (OR 0.9, p = 0.033) and longer sleep duration was associated with better "subjective sleep quality" (OR 0.8, p = 0.005). Sleep issues were highly prevalent at baseline and associated with age, irregular menstruation, and obesity. This cohort will provide a robust platform to investigate incident sleep disorders during pregnancy and their effects on adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term health of women and their offspring.


This study provides an overview of the characteristics of stockholdings of foreign and local investors in terms of firm sizes, price levels and liquidity. There are four key findings. First, the IDX is a highly concentrated market and foreign investors dominate the ownership of high market capitalization stocks. Second, foreign investors trade less frequently than domestic counterparts. Third, small, illiquid lower priced stocks dominate this market with domestic individual investors holding most of the stocks with these characteristics. Finally, the paper profits of foreign institutional and domestic individual investors are found to be higher than those of domestic institutional investors.


ABSTRACT Anxiety has been traditionally studied by asking people to describe their emotions, or by deducing their emotions from their observable behavior. Such methods are, however, ethically doubtful in case of organization studies. Organization scholars do not have a moral right to ask people about their emotions. Further, there is no guarantee that people who were asked describe their emotions correctly. Even more uncertain is the idea of deducing emotions from behavior observed. There are at least two methods permitting to avoid these problems: Eliciting narratives, which permits to study a rhetoric of emotions, and analyzing descriptions of emotion in the literature (including fiction). It is this latter approach that has been used in this paper.


It is found that, in closed-$l$-subshell atoms, the exact local exchange potential of the density functional theory is very well represented, within the region of every atomic shell, by each of the suitably shifted potentials obtained with the non-local Fock exchange operator acting on the Hartree-Fock (HF) orbitals that belong to this shell. This explains the outstanding proximity of Kohn-Sham and HF orbitals and the high quality of the Krieger-Li-Iafrate and localized HF (or, equivalently, common-energy-denominator) approximations to the exchange potential.


People often use videogames to restore wellbeing after negative experiences in day-to-day life. Although some research suggests that play can restore wellbeing, few studies have investigated the means by which restoration occurs. We employed self-determination theory (SDT) to understand how and to what degree play improves wellbeing after a need-frustrating event, and how players understand experiences of competence in play. Sixty-five participants worked at a competence manipulation task prior to playing a competence-satisfying videogame. Competence, affect, and vitality improved during play, and in-game experiences of need frustration were observed to effectively predict post-play negative affect. Post-experiment interviews indicate that videogames are seen to support competence relative to perceived skill, extending our knowledge of how design can support competence and restoration. We demonstrate that play can restore wellbeing, present need frustration as a means to explain negative experiences with interactive systems, and discuss effects of design on competence.


From the seventies onward a large quantity of theoretical and empirical studies have investigated the heuristic principles and cognitive strategies that individuals use to deal with risky and uncertain situations. This research has shown how the explicative and predictive shortcomings of normative risk analysis depend in many respects on undervaluing the continuous interaction between the individual and the environment. There are factors that, day by day, represent significant obstacles to decision making.


An offshoot of management-based Employee Assistance Programs, Member Assistance Programs (MAPs) are peer-based programs designed to help union members suffering from substance abuse and other personal problems. Although a relatively recent phenomenon, MAPs are rooted in traditional union principles of voluntarism and mutual aid. This article examines the emergence and growing popularity of MAPs, differences in MAP structure and orientation across unions, and the potential significance of MAPs to unions and industrial relations.


Practical teaching is the indispensible part of training applied talents and developing qualified education technology.On the basis of the discipline characteristics of food quality and safety,we discussed the practical teaching system of food quality and safety specialized subject basing on the aim of education of applied talents and the needs of specialized subject development.The training objectives and curriculum structure were described in detail.In order to build up human-based practice training model and improve the quality of talents training,some strategies capable of increasing the result of practical teaching were suggested.


Experiments on dogs under cyclopropane anesthesia indicate that the protection against epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias afforded by Dibenamine and related adrenergic blocking agents is due to two factors:

1. A direct cardiac action which requires larger doses of blocking agent than are necessary to reverse completely the peripheral pressor effect of the injected epinephrine. This protection is largely independent of a transient "quinidine like" action on the myocardium shared by related compounds devoid of adrenergic blocking activity.

2. Prevention of an elevated blood pressure during the period of epinephrine action. Artificial elevation of the blood pressure by occlusion of the thoracic aorta has been shown to act as an added stress capable of producing irregularities in many hearts otherwise protected by Dibenamine. The effects of aortic occlusion were found to be dependent upon the final level of systemic arterial pressure attained and to be largely independent of the magnitude of the rise in pressure. Sustained pressure elevation produces cumulative effects.

The heart was found to be most prone to develop arrhythmias shortly after the injected epinephrine first reaches it rather than at the time of maximum epinephrine rine concentration in the blood stream.

The influence of systemic arterial pressure on the production of cardiac arrhythmias does not appear to be mediated through the vagi.

The development of a relative myocardial hypoxia and the production of some degree of cardiac dilatation are discussed as possible mechanisms by which systemic hypertension might sensitize the myocardium to epinephrine-induced arrhythmias.


Introduction Within the theories that explain tooth grinding are dental factors, skeletal malocclusions, occlusal anomalies and defective reconstructions, however, there would be psychological factors that explain this phenomenon. Objectives The aim of the study is to evaluate anxiety, depression and coping responses in university students who self-report clenching or grinding teeth. Methods Design: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, and quantitative. Sample: University students (n=25) aged between 18-25 years (mean: 25.3; SD: 2.39), purposive sampling. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire reporting teeth clenching/grinding habits. Instruments: Standardized instruments were used, such as the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and Coping Strategies Scale Modified (CSS-M). Procedure: First, the study was disclosed, the participants were informed and signed informed consent. They were asked to complete an instrument on teeth grinding/clenching habits and if it was fulfilled, it was included in the study and the psychological evaluation instruments were administered. Data analysis: An analysis was made using descriptive statistics. Results The STAI results showed a high Anxiety-State in all the participants and the Anxiety-Trait had a prevalence of 92.3%. Regarding the levels of depression, it was evidenced that 7.7% presented moderate depression and 31.6% showed mild symptoms. The most used coping strategies were problem solving (87.2%), positive reappraisal (74.4%) and religious support (71.8%), while the least used were seeking professional help (92.3%), waiting (76.9%), aggressive reaction (74.4%) and expression of coping difficulty (71.8%). Conclusions University students must cope with an academic load that exceeds their capacity to face academic challenges (Wikes et al., 2019). This demand causes significant discomfort that increases emotions with a high negative charge and favors the appearance or intensification of mental health problems, such as chronic stress, anxiety, depression, nervousness and behavioral disorders. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


The alternative ideas and misconceptions of the students play an important role in the studies of chemistry education in science. Among these, the cross-age studies could easily point out the comprehension levels of students from different age groups. The basis of the chemistry education is constructed at schools through having the students understand and use the concepts of atom and molecule. The cross-age study was conducted with a total of 239 students (138 male, 101 female) aged 11, 12, 13 and 14 from 6 th , 7 th and 8 th


Rapidly solidified Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu solder alloy was prepared by single roller process.The effects of normal state and the rapidly solidified soldering on microstructure,fracture morphology,interfacial compound and properties of the purple copper joints were investigated by using SEM,EDS and tensile tester.The results show that compared with the normal state solder alloy,the joint microstructure obtained by brazing with the solidification solder was refined.The primary phase size of β-Sn decreased and its amount increased.The eutectic structure decreased obviously,and the boundary between the primary phase and eutectic phase got fuzzy.There were more dimples formed during shear fracture.The toughness of soldering joints was improved.


Part of building a promising tourism future for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is to make sure that we celebrate, advance and transcend the capabilities of Aboriginal knowledge. Many tourism operators believe that clustered approaches create opportunities to meet their needs, but there is a lack of appropriate resources to facilitate their efforts in practice. The present study sought to alleviate this gap by generating perspectives of enterprise clustering based on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge and worldviews. Based on a research approach grounded by culture, the present study applied Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge to reconfigure Western enterprise clustering concepts in relation to existing cultural relationships and protocols. The study generated enterprise clustering principles to guide Aboriginal tourism unification through clustering as a means to improve competitiveness and contend with industry marginalisation. The paper concludes by highlighting that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people require appropriate knowledge and structures to move forward in tourism.


Objective To observe curative effect of sodium ozagrel combined with cobamamide and pancreatic kininogenase in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DNP). Methods Seventy-two diabetes patients with DNP in our hospital from September, 2008 to September, 2010 were randomly divided into observation group and control group. All patients were treated with cobamamide by intramuscular injection and pancreatic kininogenase taken orally. In the observation group sodium ozagrel injection were added to the treatment used in the control group. Results After one course of treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was 91. 7% (31/36),which was better than the control group (63. 9% ,23/36) (x =7. 6, P 0. 05). After treatment, the nerve conduction velocity in the observation group significant better than those in the control group (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The treatments of sodium ozagrel combined with cobamamide and pancreatic kininogenase in diabetic peripheral neuropathy is safe and effective.

Key words:
Sodium ozagrel;  Cobamamide;  Pancreatic kallidinogenase;  Diabetic peripheral neuropathy


The redescription of larva, deutonymph, female and male of the water mite Hydryphantes hellichi Thon, 1899 are given. The proposal of Lundblad (1962), to synonymize H. helichi with H. ruber (Geer, 1778) is rejected.


Abstract Jacking and skidding (J&S) are traffic friendly techniques to move heavy structures in, under and over existing infrastructure. These techniques are not very new, but their application has become more necessary as any disruption of mobility of people and goods involves serious costs to society and risks for the safety of operators and road users. If we want to reduce the nuisance around bridge projects we have to design for society. J&S techniques offer the necessary solutions not only for a safe and rapid installation of bridge decks but also for their maintenance and renewal. Structures can be moved but this introduces a new way of thinking about them. One of the issues is that the design has to take the full account of the way in which bearings and expansion joints have to be maintained. From the 1970s on, with the extension of modern infrastructure, thousands of bridge decks for under- and overpasses have been lifted, lowered, rotated, launched, skidded or slided in various European countries.


Kim, Sa-ryang asked several questions through Cheon-ma(The Horse of Heaven) to a Japanese writer, Tanaka, Hidemitsu when New Order Movement was spreading following the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war. The question was about the area called Joseon, Joseon language, and Joseon culture. Tanaka did not answer it until 8 years after through Chwihanbae(Yoidore-bune/The Drunken Ship). Japan's defeat in the war could be one reason of course but the answer that Tanaka gave through Chwihan bae(Yoidore-bune/The Drunken Ship) was full of empty words. In other words, it was just an answer without answer. It said that Tanaka himself was another victim of imperialism. Besides, Tanaka kept expressing that he comprehended well about Joseon, Joseon people, and joseon culture in his work. Every logic in his work was depending on imperialistic orientalism from adoption of spy fiction form, to ignorance, prejudice and misunderstanding about Joseon, Joseon people and Joseon language; furthermore, he expressed his memory that was transformed and fabricated after defeat in the war in his work. He cleverly whitewashed and eliminated the fact that he actively tried to transfer Joseon literature during the colonial period into empire literature. Tanaka's attitude was closely related to the way how empire regarded colony. The historical fact of Japanese defeat in the war led the postwar Japan to the unexpected direction. Asia, including Joseon, was forgotten, or deleted while the Greater East Asia War was renamed the Pacific War; the logic that Japan and Japanese people except some warlords were another victim was reinforced by this. As a result of looking for the cause of war from inside of Japan, a nationalistic structure that ?inland=Japan?, ?people=Japanese? was set in. Tanaka's Chwihan bae(Yoidore-bune/The Drunken Ship) accords to this structure, so-called 'Oblivion Empire'.


Gene therapy is not for the faint of heart. Since its launch in 1989 [1], human gene therapy has been variously cast as visionary, feckless, a panacea and a dangerous folly. One of its pioneers is in jail, and another was sued successfully in civil court following the death of a clinical trial subject. Skeptics like to point out that it has killed approximately as many people as it has cured and, apart from two cancer gene therapies approved recently in China, there is little to show for nearly two decades of promises and expensive research. Against these headwinds, arthritis gene therapy has made laudable progress. Proof of principle is well established in animal models, and a small number of clinical trials have been implemented (Table 1). However, we have reached the stage of diminishing returns with preclinical research. Pivotal clinical trials are needed to maintain momentum and confirm promise in human disease [2]. These will require a considerable injection of funding, without which research will stagnate and become largely condemned to re-inventing the wheel in animal models. Arthritis gene therapy emerged in the early 1990s (Figure 1) and made quite rapid progress, leading, within a few years, to proof of concept in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and a Phase I clinical trial – remarkable achievements for a new area of research. As reflected in the publication history shown in Figure 1, the number of investigators remains limited, with approximately 30 papers appearing in the refereed literature each year at a remarkably constant rate since 1999. The fact that almost half of these publications are review articles is telling. Arthritis was the subject of the first human gene-therapy protocol for a nonlethal disease [3], and consequently attracted much scrutiny from the regulatory agencies. The data from this trial confirmed that genes could be safely transferred to human joints and expressed within them [4]. Moreover, in a similar small, German study, each of two subjects treated with this gene therapy appeared to mount a clinical response, one of them dramatically so [5] [Wehling et al., Unpublished Data]. Nevertheless, the ex vivo, retrovirus-based approach used in these two studies is unlikely to find wide clinical application; ex vivo gene transfer using autologous cell culture is too cumbersome and costly, and concerns regarding insertional mutagenesis with retrovirus vectors have resurfaced. Subsequent clinical trials (Table 1) based on this approach have used allogeneic cells lines to reduce costs and, in one case, irradiation of cells to prevent cell division and thus tumorigenicity. In the search for an efficient vector that can be introduced safely into joints by intra-articular injection, most investigators have converged on adeno-associated virus (AAV). Recombinant AAV has risen in popularity as a gene therapy vector because it is perceived to be safe and new technologies permit easier production of clinical-grade material [6]. Wild-type AAV causes no known disease and recombinant AAV vectors have been used safely in gene therapy trials of a number of single-gene disorders, as well as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Two large Phase III trials for prostate cancer using AAV are underway, and orphan drug status has been granted by the EU for AAV-mediated gene therapy for familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency.