Background: The aging process in the elderly affects the quality of sleep. More than 50 percent of the elderly meet sleep disorders ranging from mild to severe degrees. Various studies have been carried out to improve the quality of sleep in the elderly, but it is not yet known which is the most effective.Objective: To determine the effectiveness of warm water footbath and aromatherapy on the sleep quality of the elderly.Method: This research includes a systematic review. Search articles using the keywords "footbath", "sleep quality", "elderly" and "aromatherapy", "sleep quality", and "elderly" in the Cochrane database, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Article screening uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. Assessment of the quality of articles using a questionnaire guide The Joanna Briggs Institute.Outcome: Obtained three articles related to warm water footbath intervention and 2 related to aromatherapy. Both affect on improving the sleep quality of the elderly, but a warm water footbath is considered more effective than aromatherapy.Conclusion: Warm water foot bath therapy is more effective than aromatherapy in improving the sleep quality of the elderly.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Proses penuaan pada orang lanjut usia (lansia) berpengaruh terhadap kualitas tidur. Lebih dari 50 persen lansia mengalami gangguan tidur, mulai dari derajat ringan hingga berat. Berbagai penelitian terkait intervensi yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas tidur lansia telah dilakukan, di antaranya adalah warm water footbath dan aromaterapi. Belum diketahui mana yang paling efektif dari kedua intervensi tersebut.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi warm water footbath dan aromatherapy terhadap kualitas tidur lansia.Metode: Penelitian ini termasuk systematic review. Pencarian artikel menggunakan kata kunci "footbath", "sleep quality", "elderly" dan "aromatherapy", "sleep quality", "elderly" pada database Cochrane, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar. Skrining artikel menggunakan metode preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Penilaian kualitas artikel menggunakan panduan kuesioner The Joanna Briggs Institute.Hasil: Diperoleh tiga artikel terkait intervensi warm water footbath dan 2 artikel terkait aromatherapy. Keduanya berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kualitas tidur lansia, tetapi a warm water footbath dinilai lebih efektif dibandingkan aromatherapy.Simpulan: Terapi warm water footbath lebih efektif dibandingkan aromatherapy dalam meningkatkan kualitas tidur lansia.


The structure of the title salt, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)phenylacetate, C 4 H 12 NO 2 + .C 14 H 10 Cl 2 NO 2 - , has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit consists of one cation and one anion. The structural unit is best described as a double-ion pair built up around a centrosymmetric pair of cations, which are hydrogen bonded to each other and to the carboxylate O atoms. The crystal consists of stacked layers, each characterized by a network of hydrogen bonds.


In this work we have established excellent adsorption properties of Multi-metal citrate complexes for the capture of Organic dyes. These complexes exhibit mesoporous character with pore diameter ≈ 40A and narrow pore size distribution in their structure as demonstrated by fitting experimental adsorption data into Barrett, Joyner and Halenda (BJH) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) models. Thus these materials have the potential of being used as scavengers for dye stuff removal from industrial waste discharge in the water stream and may replace the high cost carbon adsorbents to capture dye molecules and curb water pollution with resultant toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of dye stuff on living beings. The mesoporous Zinc, Nickel, Iron, Copper multi-metal citrate complexes with different combinations of these metal ions and citric acid linker have been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions through green synthetic pathways. Because of their biocompatibility and non toxicity, these low cost mesoporous materials may prove boon for transport of dyes used as contrast agents during diagnostics applications due to their increased image contrast and chemical stability.


AbstractLimited information is available about the abundance of Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua and Cusk Brosme brosme in the coastal Gulf of Maine because the presence of lobster traps limits commercial fishing and surveys for these species. We developed abundance indices for Atlantic Cod and Cusk from bycatch data obtained in a lobster sea sampling program. We applied generalized linear models (GLMs) to standardize Atlantic Cod and Cusk bycatch rates. The CPUE data, measured as the count of Atlantic Cod and Cusk observed per trap haul, are characterized by an extremely skewed distribution with a high percentage of zero observations. Two general approaches were applied to tackle the zero-dominated data: modeling with different error distributions and aggregating data over spatial scales. We evaluated eight models: binomial, Poisson, negative binomial, Tweedie model, hurdle model (also referred to as the delta approach) with Poisson and negative binomial distribution, and zero-inflated model with Poisson and ne...


A device and a method for offering customized contents by using tag information, and a recording medium thereof are provided to realize a customized service in each web server without stored user information by reflecting user pattern information collected in a user terminal to provision of the customized information. A query receiver(210) receives and stores a search query inputted by a user. A contents searcher(220) searches a contents set related to the search query of user. A user pattern information requestor(230) requests user pattern information including a user profile and tag information to the user terminal through the network. A user pattern information collector(240) receives the user pattern information from the user terminal. A contents ranking determiner(250) determines ranking of the contents set based on relation to the user pattern information. A contents provider(260) provides the ranked contents set to the user terminal. A user profile generator(280) generates the user profile including an interested word of the user and a score, which is set by assigning weight to the interested word.


We address Heath-Brown's and Serre's dimension growth conjecture (proved by Salberger), when the degree $d$ grows. Recall that Salberger's dimension growth results give bounds of the form $O_{X, \varepsilon} (B^{\dim X+\varepsilon})$ for the number of rational points of height at most $B$ on any integral subvariety $X$ of ${\mathbb P}^n_{\mathbb Q}$ of degree $d\geq 2$, where one can write $O_{d,n, \varepsilon}$ instead of $O_{X, \varepsilon}$ as soon as $d\geq 4$. Our main contribution is to remove the factor $B^\varepsilon$ as soon as $d \geq 5$, without introducing a factor $\log B$, while moreover obtaining polynomial dependence on $d$ of the implied constant. Working polynomially in $d$ allows us to give a self-contained and slightly simplified treatment of dimension growth for degree $d \geq 16$, while in the range $5 \leq d \leq 15$ we invoke results by Browning, Heath-Brown and Salberger. Along the way we improve the well-known bounds due to Bombieri and Pila on the number of integral points of bounded height on affine curves and those by Walsh on the number of rational points of bounded height on projective curves. The former improvement leads to a slight sharpening of a recent estimate due to Bhargava, Shankar, Taniguchi, Thorne, Tsimerman and Zhao on the size of the $2$-torsion subgroup of the class group of a degree $d$ number field. Our treatment builds on recent work by Salberger which brings in many primes in Heath-Brown's variant of the determinant method, and on recent work by Walsh and Ellenberg--Venkatesh, who bring in the size of the defining polynomial. We also obtain lower bounds showing that one cannot do better than polynomial dependence on $d$.


sprint, which is available for most major athletic competitions, allows for more accurate acceleration measurements of the initial 30 m in the 100-m sprint. Assuming that an optimal baton exchange should be executed after 26± 27 m of the receiver' s dash, the optimal time gain can be calculated. The data accumulated from more than 20 high-standard 100-m sprints indicate that the average time for covering the ® rst 27 m of the `normal' 100-m sprint is 3.55 s, whereas the time for the next 27 m is 2.40 s. Consequently, a possible time gain for an optimal single exchange is not likely to exceed 1.15 s, which gives for the three exchanges a total gain of up to 3.45 s. If one considers the 4 ́ 100 m relay time (37.50 s) of the best ever team (the US team in Tokyo in 1991) whose overall 100-m time was 39.54 s, the calculation indicates that their optimal time could have been 36.10 s. Their real average exchange gain was only 0.68 s (i.e. far from optimal). In comparison, the French relay team (Split in 1991) whose cumulative time was `only' 40.50 s covered the 4 ́ 100 m relay in 37.79 s (i.e. an average gain of 0.903 s per exchange), much closer to the calculated optimum performance. Based on split timing of each 5 m of the total 100-m sprint (Locatelli and Arsac, 1995: New Studies in Athletics, 10, 81± 87), a computer model may be developed to calculate the optimum target time for any given 4 ́ 100 m relay team, thus providing a practical tool for sprint relay coaches.


(57) Abstract: geographically distributed apparatus and method for removing tritium from heavy water is given. The apparatus and method provides a dehydrogenation unit to form a DT / D Pure tritium gas is reshaping the DT / D The present invention is safe and cost-provide effective heavy water de-tritiated method.


The evolution of pulses in nonlinear single-mode fibres is investigated by means of direct numerical integration of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation and by numerical solution of the associated Zakharov-Shabat scattering equations. For pulses having an initial chirp, we identify and calculate critical values of the chirp. Loss in the fibre is shown to lead to extinction of the soliton character after a finite propagation distance. Phase noise in the initial pulse leads to a jitter in the pulse propagation time.


Abstract : As proposed, we upgraded the system console on an existing Bruker Instruments, 14 T nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer to enable an improved implementation of type II quantum computers (TTQC). This upgrade is fully functional and has permitted our NMR studies to be moved to higher strength magnetic fields for better sensitivity and spectral dispersion. The TTQC experiments continue in collaboration with Dr. J. Yepez of the Air Force Research Laboratory. We have completed studies of the I-D dynamics of the diffusion equation and the Burger's equation with various viscosity. We have nearly completed additional studies showing both the scaling of errors in TTQC and a new novel mapping to reciprocal space lattices. The latter is hoped to be a first step toward running the TTQC with a closed feedback loop. The closed loop computations will permit continuous quantum computation in a lattice gas architecture.


In recent years, industry and government have sought to formalize software development by constructing automated environments that support the application of modern techniques and methodologies to the production of software. This paper describes the automated software development system being installed at Hughes Aircraft Company. This system is expected to be a major contributor to the orderly management of software development at Hughes.
 This software development system consists of integrated development techniques over the life cycle, a set of software tools, and a physical facility for software development and test. Structured methodologies such as structured analysis, structured design, and structured programming are supported by automated tools. The configuration of the software development facility consists of a host software development system, the target machines, and the user display terminals.
 Project planning and performance measurement are based on the rate charting technique and earned value assessment.


CI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD, 50% of CI on alternated sides of the root-zone). In spring 2014, stem water potential (Ψ stem ) and continuous measurements of sap flow and fruitlet growth were recorded before (May) and after (June) the harvest of mature fruit. Results – No differences in Ψ stem were found among irrigation treatments, while Ψ stem was lower in June than in May at midday. In both May and June, sap flow density (not sap flow per tree) was higher in DI than in CI and PRD trees suggesting more efficient water uptake/transport in the former. In May, DI and PRD fruit showed lower daily relative growth rate (RGR) than CI fruit due to a possible shortage of carbon and nutrients. After removing mature fruits, differences among irrigation treatments were canceled. Sap flow was directly related to fruit RGR at low sap flow rates, but inversely related to RGR at high sap flow rates. Conclusions – Our data show that the presence of maturing fruit does not impact the water status of 'Valencia' trees, while it may transiently limit fruitlet growth (by source limitation) in deficit irrigated trees.


Design of bridges for seismic effects has changed significantly since it was originally included in the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (the standard specifications) as Division IA in 1991. In addition to design changes, the seismic hazard in many areas of the United States has changed significantly in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (the LRFD specifications) based on a change in the return period of the design earthquake and seismological research. A new option for seismic design, the AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design (the guide specifications), has been published providing an alternative, displacement-based design procedure. This paper provides a case study of three existing bridges in Alabama designed according to the standard specifications. The seismic resisting system of the existing bridges was redesigned based on the guide specifications and the LRFD specifications. The paper explores the effect of changes in design procedures and seismic hazard on detailing of bridges in a moderate seismic zone. The two specifications are compared for the worst-case hazard in Alabama; i.e., Seismic Design Category B. The results demonstrate that using the guide specifications results in larger spacing of lateral reinforcing in the plastic hinge regions of substructure components and drilled shafts resulting in more economical designs.


A multidisciplinary approach has been employed to study the environmental and cultural evolution of the Victorian Mallee. Regional geomorphic mapping of relict landforms and stratigraphic analyses reveal evidence of ongoing climatic oscillations in the central Murray Valley, where the Murray River system interacts with aeolian Mallee landscapes. Analysis of landforms using a land systems approach provides new insights into patterns of fluvial-aeolian interaction over the last glacial cycle. Five land systems are identified within the study area; three of these preserve evidence of palaeochannel activity markedly different from the present Murray River system. Fluvial morphology evolved over the late Quaternary from wide, laterally-migrating channels associated with source-bordering dunes to narrower, more sinuous regimes. An extensive archaeological record overprints the region, with radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating revealing human presence in this landscape from at least 15,000 cal BP.


Deaf or hard-hearing people's primary mode of communication is sign language. Communication between hard hearing and hearing people is greatly aided by sign language recognition technologies. With the advent of technology, many approaches proposed for sign language recognition. Among them, vision-based approaches are more convenient than sensor-based approaches. Vision-based approaches are involved five different stages where various techniques and algorithms are utilized in various approaches. The accuracy of the recognition is based on the techniques used and the quality of the input. Background invariance and lighting conditions highly affect the accuracy of the result. Simply by increasing the quality of the input, each and every method can approach a high accuracy rate. This paper provides a comprehensive introduction and comparison of the existing vision-based sign language detection and recognition approaches.


In this paper;random noise cancellation based on Signal Average is discussed and LabVIEW is used to realize this signal processing.The virtual experiment demonstrates that this method is applied in signal filtering successfully.


Since the 1990s,the studies on Yugong have made new progress.The new approaches have absorbed the perspectives and methods of anthropology,philology and natural sciences while the researchers are not only scholars of history and geography but also philologists,doctors and archaeologists.The new historical data and new research approaches have helped produce new findings and new research orientations in the studies of Yugong.


Certain field components become infinite at sharp edges, causing difficulties in computation when solving scattering problems for polygonal cylinders by numerical methods. Since the field behavior near an edge is known, it is possible to devise appropriate functions to represent the singularities at the edges. By suitably representing the induced current and using an integral equation for it, it is possible to obtain a set of simultaneous linear equations which can be solved by a high-speed digital computer. In this way, an explicit analytical expression for the induced current including the singularities from which the other field components can be derived, is obtained. Numerical results are shown for square and triangular cylinders of various sizes, for an incident plane wave polarized parallel to the axis of the cylinders.


This paper is concerned with a Help-Diagnosis System (HDS-ID) that allows professionals in therapy to assess the alignment of the trunk of people with intellectual disabilities (ID). In this study, according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), 77% of the participants have moderate ID and 23% have severe ID. Data collection was carried out from all participants, in an institutional and equestrian center context, with specific tasks. The main objective is to allow therapists to perform in the field and plan future specific tasks for postural corrections. The results show statistically significant differences for the alignment of the static trunk in the sagittal plane, in the biped and sitting position on the horse. One of the applications developed allows the therapist to monitor, in real-time, the trunk alignment autonomously.


Duties and responsibilities of managers in a school to increase the quality of education are often discussed among the trainers. The aim of this research was to reveal the perceptions of the teachers at public high schools on the managerial role and behaviors of school administrators. The research was a descriptive study in the screening model. The study group of the research had 276 teachers working in the official high schools in the districts of Bakirkoy and Avcilar in Istanbul. The measuring instrument used in the research was a 30-item Likert-type measuring instrument developed by the researchers. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the scale was .914. T-test and one-way ANOVA were administered to the independent groups. According to the results of these factor analyses, teachers' perceptions about administrators' managerial role behaviors were gathered under four sub-dimensions as "administrator's role and strategies, education-training programs, assessment of teaching and supporting teacher". The findings revealed that the item 'school principals encourage their participation in professional meetings for the training of teachers" had the highest ( =3.13), and the item "efforts to contribute to improving the quality of education in teaching" had the lowest average scores ( =2.15). The results of the research also showed that managerial leadership role in education curricula was emphasized but leadership qualities such as rewarding, motivation, cooperation, quality, success related to learning teaching process were weak.

Keywords: Role and Behavior; Quality; Leadership; Assessment


The relevance of the institute of immunity in criminal procedure and the need for further improving this process is analyzed in the article.


Purpose – This chapter highlights two studies, one in Canada and one in the United Kingdom. The Canadian study focused on the examination of student experiences with respect to specific 'difficult' content in the classroom. The purpose of the study was to identify ways that were effective and engaging for students to learn. The UK study examined issues of access, retention and drop-out of non-traditional students in higher education. The study examined the learning experiences of women who returned to learning after being out of the education system for some time.

Methodology – The Canadian study used surveys and interviews. Participants were recruited on the basis of their enrolment in specific classes. The UK study used interview samples drawn from student data in three universities. In each university, a cohort was followed and interviewed three times while in another cohort students were interviewed in their first year of study and different cohort in their final year of study.

Approach – Both studies use a feminist, narrative approach that relies on reflexive engagement in the research process.

Findings and implications – The studies highlight that the classroom is a place where dialogue and engagement occur; where the identities of the participants and their learning are in a dynamic process; and where the learners challenge attitudes and ideologies such as capitalism and forms of marginalisation. The studies revealed that learning has a social value and entreats women to reconsider their lives, work and citizenship.


Herein, a first-principles study on the structural, electronic, optical and magnetic properties of SrCo[Formula: see text]AxO3 ([Formula: see text] or Cr, [Formula: see text] and 0.25) was conducted. For all calculations, ultrasoft pseudo-potentials plane wave (USPPW) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) with the default exchange-correlation parameterization of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) were employed and with Hubbard correction. The crystal structures of SrCo[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]O3 and SrCo[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]O3 ([Formula: see text] or Cr) are determined as a supercell of [Formula: see text] cell cubic perovskite structure (Pm-3m) with symmetry space group No. 221. No energy gap was observed at the Fermi level for both SrCo[Formula: see text]Cr[Formula: see text]O3 and SrCo[Formula: see text]Cr[Formula: see text]O3 compounds, indicating their metallic properties. The magnetic moment calculations showed that the doping of Fe into SrCoO3 resulted in a higher net magnetic moment and all materials studied here was ferromagnetic ground states. Dielectric functions indicate the metallic conductivity for all materials studied here. The different values of the real part for materials present that this material has a Drude-like dielectric function behavior.


The relationship between DBH and bodywood fresh weight was simulated by building regression models through the application of the survey data of Bambusa chungii cutting.The results showed that the determination coefficient of curve model was higher than others.The difference was significant with F test(P 0.01).A simple and practical calculation method was provided for the estimation of Bambusa chungii production.


A color recognition sensor which suited on-line color detection was introduced.The color recognition sensor adopted white high light LED as the light source;SCM and digital potentiometer composed the closed loop circuit,which adjusted system to get the best amplifying gain according to the surface to be checked and ambient condition.High speed A/D converter changed light intensity and each tricolor to 12 bit digital signal separately,and then in terms of high analytic algorithms,the 48 bit digital quantities were processed.The effect of intensity was taken into consideration to eliminate the measurement error,which was produced by variation.With computer,the function of color sensor can be extended,especially tolerance adjustment function.The color recognition sensor has high measuring speed,and good accuracy and stability


Pentamode metamaterial (PM) has enormous application potential in the design of lightweight bodies with superior vibration and noise-reduction performance. To offer systematic insights into the investigation of PMs, this paper studies the various effects (i.e., unit cell arrangement, material, and geometry) on bandgap properties through the finite element method (FEM). With regards to the influences of unit cell arrangements on bandgap properties, the results show that the PM with triangular cell arrangement (PMT) possesses better bandgap properties than the others. The effects of material and geometry on bandgap properties are then explored thoroughly. In light of the spring-mass system theory, the regulation mechanism of bandgap properties is discussed. Multi-objective optimization is conducted to further enhance the bandgap properties of PMT. Based on the Latin hypercube design and double-points infilling, a high-accuracy Kriging model, which represents the relationship between the phononic bandgap (PBG), single mode phononic bandgap (SPBG), double-cone width, and node radius, is established to seek the Pareto optimal solution sets, using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). A fitness function is then employed to obtain the final compromise solution. The PBG and total bandgap of PMT are widened approximately 2.2 and 0.27 times, respectively, while the SPBG is narrowed by about 0.51 times. The research offers important understanding for the investigation of PM with superior acoustic regulation capacity.


Aryltellurium(IV) trichlorides react with 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol and 3-cyclohexene-1,1-dimethanol to give aryl(trans-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-4-yl)tellurium(IV) dichlorides and aryl(cis-1-hydroxymethyl-trans-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-4-yl)tellurium(IV) dichlorides. The structure of 2′,4′-dimethoxyphenyl(trans-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-4-yl)tellurium(IV) dichloride has been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The compound C15H20Cl2O3Te, Mr = 446.8, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 9.626(2) A, b = 15.768(5) A, c = 11.176(3) A, β = 92.08(1)°, V = 1695.2(5) A3 and D(calc) = 1.751 for Z = 4. Tellurium is bonded axially to two chlorines and equatorially to aryl carbon and carbon from the cyclohexyl portion of oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-4-yl in a pseudo-trigonal-bipyramidal arrangement having an equatorial lone pair of electrons. Bond lengths are Te—Cl(1) = 2.492(3) A, Te—Cl(2) = 2.539(3) A, Te—C(4) = 2.175(10) A, and Te—C(9) = 2.090(10) A. Keywords: organotellurium(IV), 3-cyclohexene-1-met...


An area-based link-vector algorithm (ALVA) is introduced for the distributed maintenance of routing information in very large internetworks. According to ALVA, destinations in an internetwork are aggregated in areas in multiple levels of hierarchy. Routers maintain a database that contains a subset of the topology at each level of the hierarchy. This subset corresponds to those links used in preferred paths to reach destinations (nodes inside the same immediate area or remote areas). The ALVA is the first hierarchical routing algorithm based on link-state information that does not require complete topology information at each level in the hierarchy. The correctness of the ALVA is verified. Simulation results are presented showing that the ALVA outperforms the OSPF in terms of communication and storage overhead.


Background: Health and social care staff are at high risk of experiencing adverse mental health (MH) outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, there is a need to prioritize and identify ways to effectively support their psychological well-being (PWB). Compared to traditional psychological interventions, digital psychological interventions are cost-effective treatment options that allow for large-scale dissemination and transcend social distancing, overcome rurality, and minimize clinician time. Objective: This study reports d =–0.15, 95% CI –0.41 to 0.10). A similar pattern of between-group differences was found for the secondary outcomes. The NHSWBP group generally had larger within-group effects than the other groups and displayed a greater rate of change compared to the other groups on all outcomes, except for gratitude, where the rate of change was greatest for the MPS group. Conclusions: Our analyses provided encouraging results for the use of brief digital psychological interventions in improving PWB among health and social care workers. Future multisite RCTs, with power to reliably detect differences, are needed to determine the efficacy of contextualized interventions relative to existing digital treatments.


Guillet's work on mountain culture and ecology (CA 24:56167) reflects a recent upsurge in mountain research and development worldwide. This interdisciplinary interest has led to the formation of the International Mountain Society with its journal, Mountain Research and Development, and the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, headquartered in Kathmandu and focused primarily on the Himalaya-Hindu Kush. Syntheses such as Guillet's are fine, but it is unclear what, if anything, really distinguishes mountain sociocultural systems from any others beyond the impinging conditions of altitude, climate, and geomorphology. Are mountain people and their social and economic systems unique? If so, how and why? So far, comparisons tend to focus on mountain societies with little effort o distinguish them from, for example, adjacent lowland ones. A fruitful avenue of inquiry might be the study of mountain people who have recently migrated to the lowlands, for example, the Himalayan hill people who have settled the Nepalese Terai (see Gaige 1975). Questions of definition aside, there are a great many issues in the study of mountain systems that need further attention. To begin, clarification is needed on the intent of the work I coauthored with M. C. Goldstein. Guillet states that we "argue against" the applicability of the concept of verticality to the Himalayas (Goldstein and Messerschmidt 1980). This is quite incorrect. We argue not that the focus on vertical strategies of adaptation is wrong, but only that it is insufficient. We point out that in the Himalayas, at least, there is a second and parallel strategy of horizontal adaptation-what we have called "latitudinality," the use of "latitudinal (north-south) differences in conjunction with altitudinal [vertical] ones to create habitat and production zones" (p. 120, emphasis added). While vertical zonation is certainly important in the Himalayas, there is strong evidence (and here we cite our own research) for latitudinal adaptation, particularly in trade and transhumance. The integration of ecological zones on a horizontal plane as well as on the vertical is vitally important in the Himalayas for adaptive success in an otherwise harsh environment. The applicability of the notion of latitudinality to the Alps or the Andes is certainly worthy of investigation. One problem with Guillet's model building is his sometimes uncritical overview approach, particularly in relation to the Himalayas. His strong emphasis on the ecology of production has led him, I feel, to ignore some of the finer political and social conditions impinging on production. The Thakali are a case in point (see Messerschmidt n.d. and also Bista 1967, 1971; Furer-Haimendorf 1966, 1974, 1975; Gauchan and Vinding 1977; lijima 1963, 1977; Jackson 1976, 1978; and Manzardo 1977, 1978). These trans-Himalayan traders have over several centuries made changes in their corporate identity that reflect the social, political, and religious predilections of periodically changing trade associates. In the last quarter-century, for example, the closure of Nepal/China trade through their part of the Himalayas has persuaded Thakali traders to turn southward and become more like the Nepalese, adopting Hinduism, Nepalese dress, and the Nepali language. Guillet asks about the role of environmental constraints on mountain people and the range of social responses open to them. One could just as well stand these questions on their heads, asking how people manipulate social and religious predilections to fit existing ecological conditions for the satisfaction of immediate needs. For example, despite evidence that their ancestors were once avid hunting and meat-eating people, devout Himalayan Buddhists today will not kill for the meat they eat. Some have chosen to employ nonbelievers (e.g., Muslims) in their midst to assume the "sin" of taking life. The case is well documented for Tibet and, although less well described for other Himalayan peoples, exists also among such groups as the Gurungs of central Nepal (Messerschmidt 1976). No less informative is the adaptation of indigenous Himalayan ethnic groups to Hindu caste. The significance of caste is not clear from Guillet's account. Given the structure of caste, particularly the constraints that it places on group interaction, some notion of how the system operates and how it is circumvented to facilitate economic exchange is essential to a discussion of the ecology of production. One finds a tolerant and syncretic juxtaposition of seemingly conflicting social and religious norms throughout Himalayan society (see Hofer 1979, Pal 1970). Fictive kinship, mutual aid, and intercaste friendship are ways in which caste is circumvented for economic benefit. Fictive kinship systems that bridge the chasms caste generates, such as the Nepalese miteri relationship, are well established in the Himalayas and have a direct and positive impact on production. Mit brotherhood allows people to interact despite caste (see Okada 1957, Prindle 1975). It introduces a certain flexibility into the system, promoting voluntary association to solve some of the basic challenges of life in a multivariate system of production (Messerschmidt 1982). On a more general level, the significance of conquest by outsiders-the little-known Gorkha conquest of the Himalayas and the parallel and better-known Spanish conquest of the Andes-needs also to be considered in any comparative anthropological discussion of production and economic adaptation (see, for example, the detailed histories of Gorkhali rule of Stiller [1973], and Regmi [1971, 1976, 1978]). Guillet's synopsis gives scholars plenty to consider for a long time to come. It is flawed in its Himalayan sections, however, by the sometimes shallow treatment or neglect of many important conditions. No single scholar can possibly digest the vast literature that now exists for each mountain system. Perhaps the next step should be a larger, joint effort, drawing together experts from several disciplines and from each of the world's major mountain systems. The literature is too comprehensive, the nuances of each system too obscure, and the technicalities of each academic sector too detailed to approach such a large topic otherwise.


Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy and its incidence has increased over the last few decades. The molecular mechanisms underlying PTC tumorigenesis and progression are still unclear. Patients and methods The microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns of PTC were revealed by miRNA microarray analysis and validated with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Promoter DNA methylation rates of miR-204 were analyzed by Agena Methylation MassAR-RAY analysis and validated with TCGA data. The underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-204 involved in PTC were studied by bioinformatics analyses. Results A total of 181 differentially expressed miRNAs (89 downregulated and 92 upregulated miRNAs) between PTC and normal tissues were detected in this study. We identified miR-204 as one of the most significantly downregulated miRNAs in PTC. Downregulation of miR-204 was related to PTC extrathyroidal extension, high T-stage, lymph metastasis, BRAF V600E mutation, and aggressive tall cell variant. The Agena MassARRAY results indicated that 12 CpG sites located at the promoter of miR-204 were hypermethylated in PTC tissues compared to normal tissues. The promoter methylation rates of miR-204 in PTC were negatively correlated with the expression levels of miR-204 and its host gene TRPM3. Downregulated miR-204 expression was related to several important pathways and mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and progression. Conclusion Promoter DNA methylation-silenced miR-204 could serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker of PTC. Downregulation of miR-204 may play an important role in PTC via its involvement in many tumor-related pathways. Novel target genes and putative mechanisms of miR-204 in PTC need to be further validated.


PURPOSE: A production method of a cinnamon supercritical extract is provided to offer excellent antibacterial activity especially to food poisoning bacteria. CONSTITUTION: Cinnamon is pulverized. The pulverized cinnamon is inserted into a supercritical extraction container, and supercritical fluid and an assistance solvent are flowed into the extraction container to touch the pulverized cinnamon for conducting supercritical extraction. The supercritical fluid and the assistance solvent are removed from the cinnamon supercritical extract. The supercritical fluid and is carbon dioxide or water. The assistance solvent is ethanol, methanol, acetone, hexane, ethyl acetate, or methylene chloride. The supercritical extraction is conducted at 30-50°C in a pressure of 100-500 bar. The cinnamon supercritical extract contains cinnamaldehyde.


Photovoltaic panels (PF), combined with lead-acid battery (AE), are increasingly used, to produce electricity. To work in maximum power points, between (PF) and (AE) is interposed a static converter (DC-DC), which is a harmonic pollution source. Within the paper there are calculated the power losses, due to current harmonics, of a photovoltaic system working at its maximum power. Photovoltaic system works at its maximum power, if in the electronic system there is permanently voltage control among solar battery terminals.


Depression is one of the most misunderstood mental illnesses in the world. Millions of people experience depression every day, and are able to work through it and then move on with their lives. Depression can be devastating to all areas of a person's everyday life. It is not just a personal agony; its effects touch every segment of society and our economy if not recognised and treated. If left untreated, symptoms can last for weeks, months or even years, causing needless pain and suffering, not only to the person who is depressed but also to those who care about them. However, for many individuals, especially for women, depression can be a debilitating disease that keeps them from enjoying life, carries many serious symptoms and even puts them at risk for suicide. When a woman has a depressive disorder, it interferes with her daily life and normal functioning, and causes pain for both the woman with the disorder and those who care about her. Depression is a common but serious illness, and most who have it need treatment to get better.


Pollution and industrial practices result in concentration of heavy metals in the environment. Cadmium (Cd) has been recognized as one of the most toxic heavy metals and an environmental pollutant that affect the testis. From the literature it is evident that use of antioxidant in preventing cadmium chloride induced testicular damage is conflicting. So, this study was undertaken to evaluate the role of vitamin E on testicular damage induced by cadmium chloride. Rats were divided into Group I, II, III and IV. Number of rats in each group is 8. The normal control group (Gr. I) rats were administered with the single dose of normal saline intraperitoneally. Group II received Vitamin E (100mg/kg bw) orally for 30days. Group III received a single dose of 2mg/kg bw cadmium chloride and Group IV received vitamin E (100mg/kg bw) for 30 days orally prior to cadmium administration. Testes were fixed in Bouvins fluid and processed for histopathological studies. Rats in group III showed a significant decreases (p<0.001) in standard tubular diameter (462.42±33.2) and epithelial height (37.56±8.13) compared to Gr I (567.62±24.5) and II (561.76±31.6). Rats pretreated with vitamin E (Gr.IV) showed a significant increase in STD (520.73± 45.70) and epithelial height (68.84±7.84) compared to Gr.III (p<0.001). The results showed that vitamin E showed a protective effect against cadmium chloride induced testicular damage. The results of this study may potentiate the antioxidant role of vitamin E in rescuing the testis exposed heavy metals like cadmium.


iii Du Mez, Katherine M. (M.S., Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering) Analysis of Energy Efficient Curtain Wall Design Considerations in Highrise Buildings Thesis directed by Prof. Z. John Zhai, Ph.D. Today's built environment is responsible for 40% of the annual energy consumption in the United States. There is great potential for improvements in building design to reduce the contribution of the built environment to the national energy consumption. In order for widespread change to take place, architects and engineers must be provided with the tools necessary to understand the energy implications of their design decisions. The iconic skyscrapers that form our nation's skylines represent a large sector of buildings that is in need of improvements in energy efficiency. The curtain wall façades in highrise buildings provide a powerful aesthetic, but when not designed properly, the façade can be a major weakness in terms of energy efficiency. A building energy model representative of a "typical" highrise building within the U.S. was used to identify the potential weaknesses in the façade of a highrise building and to characterize the general energy consumption of a highrise building design. The model was then used to provide quantification for the energy consumption savings and annual energy cost savings that can be achieved with an optimized curtain wall design. Based upon the findings, a set of climate-specific recommendations were made that identify the variables that have the most potential within a given climate to provide annual energy savings. The ranges of values for each variable in the analysis were based on products currently on the market. The results of this analysis present an argument for increased evaluation of the performance characteristics of curtain walls in highrise buildings, and offer useful design guidance to help architects and engineers to make informed decisions towards a more energy efficient curtain wall and therefore building.


Glycosides are widely occurring natural compounds. Among them, ergot alkaloids, therapeutically potent substances,1 have been isolated only as mono-2-4 and oligofructosides.4,5 The formation of these metabolic by-products in saprophytic cultures of some Claviceps strains grown in sucrose media is catalysed by invertase present in fungal mycelia.3 The other O-glycosides of ergot alkaloids, obtained either synthetically6 using peracetylated glycosyl bromides and Ag2CO3 as catalyst, or enzymatically7-12 have a β-configuration at the sugar anomeric centre. Preparation of some ergot alkaloid α-glycosides needed to complete our studies regarding their potential immunomodulatory and antiviral activities is the subject of this paper. aPresent address: Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.


As a technique related to a semiconductor device including a multi-chip package, the semiconductor device of this embodiment includes a slave chip having a slave region and the master area, the slave region is set to have a first threshold voltage lower than the driving voltage, wherein master zone is set to have a second threshold voltage higher than the driving voltage.


The invention concerns an information display method comprising display windows (16, 16') consisting of a combination of information entities (31, 31') concerning products or events, including the use of local (11, 11') and central systems (33) which are computer devices. Said method is characterised in that it consists in generating automatically display windows (16, 16') in accordance with the following iterative steps: constituting local databases (17, 17'); synchronising central databases (34) with the local databases (17, 17'); constituting local display windows ( 16, 16'), constituting central display windows; broadcasting local showcases (16, 16'); and broadcasting central display windows. The invention is useful as an information display method.


WINTRE, MAXINE GALLANDER; HICKS, RUTHANN; MCVEY, GAIL; and Fox, JOHN. Age and Sex Differences in Choice of Consultant for Various Types of Problems. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1988, 59, 1046-1055. To investigate age, sex, and situational differences in choice of consultant, 192 students were interviewed-24 males and 24 females at ages 8, 11, 14, and 17. All subjects were presented with 3 hypothetical problems-an impersonal problem, an interpersonal problem with a peer, and an interpersonal problem with a parent Subjects were asked to indicate whom they would select for advice: a familiar adult, an adult expert, a familiar peer, or a peer expert. Analyses were conducted for 3 sets of dependent measures-first choice of consultant, dimensions revealed by combining first and second choices, and subjects' justifications for their choices. The results reveal that consultant preferences are a function of both an age x situation and an age x sex interaction. The dimension of familiarity increases developmentally, indicating that, although seeking help from peers increases with age, adults remain important sources of support throughout adolescence. Furthermore, in choosing'consultants, females value familiarity, whereas males value expertise.


The erection of an ANDRIZ high consistency refiner,the key equipment of the P-RC APMP plant,including from foundation manufacture to equipment alignment is introduced based on the practical experience.


This article describes an economic model dealing with the demand for money and a microcomputer program that enables students to experiment with cash-management techniques. The computer experience teaches students that money does not need to have a physical existence or earn interest to be demanded. It also teaches that abstract theories are useful even though decision makers may not consciously use the thought processes described in the theory. By simulating personal experiences, the program teaches how changes in income, interest rates, and charges for exchanging bonds and cash affect money demand. Finally, the program can be used as an illustration of the economist's problem-solving method-the construction of marginal benefit and marginal cost schedules. The program is modeled after the Baumol-Tobin transactions demand for money. The assumptions made in the program-a fixed fee for exchanging bonds for cash, interest earnings that are paid at the end of the year, and an even expenditure stream-are those made by Baumol (1952) and Tobin (1956). However, for purposes of simplicity, the program, unlike the theory, does not allow bond-cash exchanges within a month. The features such integer constraints add to the model have been analyzed by Barro (1976). The program described in this article is user-friendly. It has been written so that a cash account and a bond account can be maintained. The program requests entries for annual income, the bond rate of interest, and the fee for exchanging bonds and cash. A cash account is created for the full annual income. Any portion of the cash may be transferred to a bond account. The program records the changes in the accounts, the fee for exchanging bonds and cash, as well as the interest earnings. Each month, the program reduces the cash account by one-twelfth of annual income. If the cash account contains insufficient funds, the program forces a bond sale-and charges the fee for exchanging bonds for cash. At the end of the "year," the bond and cash accounts have been reduced to zero. The program prints a written record of the accounts, transactions, earnings, and charges. The program reports the maximum earnings possible given the interest, income, and fee entered, as well as the actual average monthly cash holdings for the year. A year's transactions can be completed in about five minutes.


What Are Business Rules and Business Rules Engines. Why Build a Business Rules Engine. Data Modeling and Database Design. Who Defines Business Rules and When Do They Do It. The Atomicity of Business Rules. The "Black Box" Problem. The Components of a Business Rules Engine. Populating Table Data in the Repository. Populating Column Data in the Repository. Populating Relationship and Subtype Data in the Repository. Populating Reference Data in the Repository. Defining Business Processes and Related Information. Extending the Database. Managing the Database. Implementing a Simple Business Rule. More Edit Validation Rules, Rule Components, and Rule Versions. Rule Types for Checking Referential Integrity. Working with Batch Processes: Setting Indicators and Reference Data Code Values. Implementing Rule Types Using Relationships and Subtipes. Rules with Subtypes and Business Metadata. Debugging in Business Rules Engines. Managing the Business Rules Engine. Appendix A: Using the Sample Application.


The Sykes–Picot agreement embodies a certain style of diplomacy: an assumption of European predominance, given expression through cartographic line-drawing, terms of art ("protection," "independence," "interests"), and a structural secrecy which kept agreements from rival European powers, on the one hand, and from the peoples most affected, on the other. It is this element of secrecy that constitutes the focus of the present contribution. I situate the Sykes–Picot agreement in a prewar pattern of secrecy as diplomatic technique, explore its role in spurring a new regime of publicity for treaties, and take it as a touchstone for exploring whether this new regime could achieve a fundamental transformation of prevailing modes of diplomacy.


Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional and radiographical results in patients younger than 30 years who underwent cementless third generation ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty (THA) for avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head.

Materials and Methods Forty one patients (55 hips) with a minimum 4-year follow-up were included in this study. There were 26 men and 15 women with a mean age of 25.6 years (range, 16 to 29 years). The average duration of follow-up was 5.7 years (range, 4.0 to 6.5 years). All surgeries were done by a single hip surgeon and third generation ceramic-on-ceramic articulation was used. Functional results were measured by Harris hip score (HHS) and WOMAC score. Radiographic evaluation was assessed for loosening and osteolysis according to Gruen's and Delee and Charnley's criteria.

Results The average HHS improved from 53 preoperatively to 95 at last follow-up and WOMAC score improved from 72 to 25. Thirty nine patients (51 hips) are continuing their normal occupation. There was no aseptic loosening or osteolysis and no prosthesis had been revised. There was one patient who complained of continuous squeaking and two patients with Brooker grade I heterotopic ossification. There were no other major complications.

Conclusions THA with third generation ceramic-on-ceramic bearings for AVN of femoral head especially in active and very young patients results in satisfactory clinical and radiological results at minimum 4 year follow-up. If long tem follow-up shows excellent results, then the age limit for THA can be lowered.


Ambrose, Palais and Singer [6] introduced the concept of second order structures on nite dimensional manifolds. Kumar and Viswanath [23] extended these results to the category of Banach manifolds. In the present paper all of these results are generalized to a large class of Fr echet manifolds. It is proved that the existence of Christoel and Hessian structures, connections, sprays and dissections are equivalent on those Fr echet manifolds which can be considered as projective limits of Banach manifolds. These concepts provide also an alternative way for the study of ordinary dierential equations on non-Banach innite dimensional manifolds. Concrete examples of the structures are provided using direct and at connections.


Continuous production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was investigated in a rotary reactor. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of catalyst feeding rate and reaction time on the MWCNTs production yield and purity. Bimetallic Co-Mo supported on MgO was used for the growth of MWCNTs and methane gas was used as the carbon precursor. The results indicated that the highest yield of MWCNTs production was attained at the reaction time of 180 min and catalyst feeding rate of 100 mg/min; this sample also had the highest purity (99.16%). SEM and TEM analyses of the synthesized product confirmed that most of the MWCNTs were sinuous and entangled with a uniform diameter. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the as-produced MWCNTs were mostly graphitic with few disordered carbon and impurities. The results highlighted that synthesized MWCNTs were highly pure which eliminates the need for MWCNTs purification process.


Single-cell RNA sequencing of lungs of SARS-CoV-2–infected African green monkeys reveals virus replication and host response dynamics in vivo. A dynamic response to SARS-CoV-2 While a number of animal models for SARS-CoV-2 have been developed, nonhuman primates are among the best at recapitulating human COVID-19. Here, Speranza et al. used single-cell RNA sequencing to demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the lung of African green monkeys and that immune cell populations in the lung change over the course of infection. Sequencing data revealed that pneumocytes are the site of viral replication in the lung, and infiltrating macrophages are responsible for clearing infected cells and cellular debris early in infection. Together, these findings further our understanding of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and host immune responses in vivo. Detailed knowledge about the dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is important for uncovering the viral and host factors that contribute to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis. Old-World nonhuman primates recapitulate mild to moderate cases of COVID-19, thereby serving as important pathogenesis models. We compared African green monkeys inoculated with infectious SARS-CoV-2 or irradiated, inactivated virus to study the dynamics of virus replication throughout the respiratory tract. Genomic RNA from the animals inoculated with the irradiated virus was found to be highly stable, whereas subgenomic RNA, an indicator of viral replication, was found to degrade quickly. We combined this information with single-cell RNA sequencing of cells isolated from the lung and lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes and developed new analysis methods for unbiased targeting of important cells in the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Through detection of reads to the viral genome, we were able to determine that replication of the virus in the lungs appeared to occur mainly in pneumocytes, whereas macrophages drove the inflammatory response. Monocyte-derived macrophages recruited to the lungs, rather than tissue-resident alveolar macrophages, were most likely to be responsible for phagocytosis of infected cells and cellular debris early in infection, with their roles switching during clearance of infection. Together, our dataset provides a detailed view of the dynamics of virus replication and host responses over the course of mild COVID-19 and serves as a valuable resource to identify therapeutic targets.


Megaprojects aimed at delivering next-generation, multi-billion euro scientific research facilities are complex and high-risk endeavours, requiring expert knowledge spanning a wide spectrum of technical and administrative fields. Such organisations tend to evolve organically, responding to technical and political challenges. They are almost certain to fail to meet expectations on schedule, budget, and deliverables. Whilst there have been illuminating 'top-down' phenomenological megaproject studies recently, this article reports a 'bottom-up' perspective on the emergence of these issues. Firstly, the staff productivity distribution curves are analysed at a European science megaproject, and a stratified culture is identified: there is a small, high productivity 'clique', and a vast, low-productivity group of 'outsiders' operating at only 50% of their potential. The social network is then analysed, revealing a dense decision-making group that is only tenuously connected to technical expert teams via hierarchy. Staff inefficiency is linked to superfluous roles in middle management, carrying increased bureaucratic burdens and a financial loss ∼10% of the annual salary budget. Corrective suggestions are given, for the current megaproject and future activities to mitigate these causes. This should help to reduce some of the overspend, schedule overrun, and reductions in ambition and scope that have become megaproject norms.


Introduction To assess the cost-effectiveness of stent-retriever mechanical thrombectomy in combination with Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator (IV-tPA) versus IV-tPA alone for the Treatment of Acute Ischaemic Stroke in Colombia. Materials and methods Clinical data were taken from the SWIFT PRIME clinical trial. A lifetime Markov state transition model defined by the modified Rankin Scale score was developed to estimate costs and health outcomes (life years gained and quality adjusted life years). A Colombian National Health System perspective (direct medical costs) was considered. Resource utilization was extracted from National Payment Manuals and databases of open access. Costs are expressed in Colombian Pesos (COP). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Results Stent-retriever thrombectomy with Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator (IV-tPA) was associated with better outcomes (4.38 life years gained and 2.96 quality adjusted life years) and savings of COP $1,824,733 resulting in a dominant therapy over intravenous tissue plasminogen activator alone. A net monetary benefit of COP $66,005,604 was obtained considering a willingness-to-pay threshold of COP $69,081,720. Discussion The results were consistent with a previously published cost-effectiveness analysis and reinforce the likeliness of the selection of stent-retriever mechanical thrombectomy plus intravenous tissue plasminogen activator over intravenous tissue plasminogen activator alone. Conclusion Stent-retriever thrombectomy in combination with Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator is a dominant alternative over intravenous tissue plasminogen activator alone (more effective and less costly) for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusions in Colombia. Disclosures B. Pabon: 2; C; Medtronic. J. Tellez: 5; C; Medtronic. J. Arcos: 5; C; Medtronic. P. Guijarro: 2; C; Medtronic. C. Diaz: None.


The excavations carried out between 1917 and 1921 at Baelo Claudia (Bolonia, Tarifa, province of Cádiz)1 were led by P. Paris and his team2 working with the Anglo-French archaeologist G. Bonsor3 and with A. Laumonier and R. Ricard, as well as with Cayetano de Mergelina4 in 1918-19. Work focused on the N part of the forum where three temples were exposed.5 A minor intervention was carried out in the theatre together with more extensive excavations in the area of the fish-salting factory that included two domus, and in the E necropolis. The outcome was two publications, one on the city,6 the other on the necropolis,7 that are outstanding for those days.


The link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression is bidirectional. However, the possibility that metabolic disorders may elicit anxiogenic‐like/depressive‐like symptoms or alter the efficacy of antidepressant drugs remains poorly documented. This study explored the influence of T2DM on emotionality and proposed a therapeutic strategy that might be used in depressed diabetic patients.


Community service activities of the Batam State Polytechnic in 2018 are held together by all departments and taken place in Rempang Cate Village, Galang District, Batam City. A good documentation that can be seen more real is needed so that this activity can be better known by the outside community. One documentation that fulfills this expectation is a documentary video. This video production consists of 3 stages, namely pre-production, production, and post-production. The activity not only ends when the documentary video is finished, but continues with an evaluation to find out whether the video in presenting service activities is better when compared to ordinary documentation (by photo). Then, the video is published in the mass media, both print and electronic media. The results of the devotion to the making of this documentary video is the documentation of the community service of the Batam State Polytechnic in 2018 well and real, as well as the recognition of the Batam State Polytechnic and its social services in the wider community.


This research was conducted to make it easier for parents to get activity information quickly and in real time, plus the lack of data storage on student activities from the cottage. The development of technology is growing rapidly so that everything is completely computerized, so based on this it is necessary to keep up with the latest developments, so that work in the cottage becomes practical and reduces errors due to human error. Activities to monitor what is done by santriwan or santriwati need to be better improved, so that each student can be monitored or monitored for their educational development. Not to mention, sometimes distance is the main obstacle for parents in obtaining information, plus there is often a delay in information from the boarding school in conveying information to parents of students, by using and applying news technology, the cottage can be simpler and faster in conveying information. to parents of students, and parents of students can also participate in supervising their children in terms of obtaining issues related to using student activities, student attendance and violations committed by students. As technology develops, monitoring software for students has started to appear, but parents have also used smartphones a lot, with Android-based software as a student monitoring media that can be accessed by all parents who leave their children in Islamic boarding schools. The results of this study are a system that can be accessed by guardians of students to monitor students while they are in the pesantren


*Corresponding Author: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: Students are mostly talkative outside the classroom, but in English class, they are more apathetic. This research aims to examine how English Language Training for Islamic Schools (ELTIS) resource pack is able to activate students" to speak English. This research is designed as Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is specific to collaborative action research. The subjects of this research are 25 students of the eighth class of MTs Pacongan Pinrang in academic year 2019/2020. Instruments of the research are test, observation checklist and interview. The test aims to gain quantitative data, while observation checklist and interview aim to gain qualitative data. The result finds that the use of various media available in ELTIS Resource Pack activates students to speak English. Variety of learning media reduces students" boredom and engages students during the learning process enthusiastically.


The removal situation of MAP (microbially available phosphorus), TP (total phosphorus) and SRP (soluble reactive phosphorus) of raw water in the water purification technology was studied with a new microbiological analysis technique. The result showed that biological pretreatment, biological activated carbon and conventional technology(coagulation, sedimentation and sand-filtration) could remove greatly MAP, TP and SRP in water. The removal efficiency of MAP was higher than that of TP in the process of biological pretreatment and biological activated carbon. Over 90% of MAP and 80% of TP were removed in the conventional treatment. Ozonation did not affect TP and SRP obviously but did increase MAP. MAP source in the treated raw water decreased to very low level, which indicated that the phosphorus source in the treated water might be the limitation factor of bacterial in water.


Objective: to compare the perception of nursing students and the contributions of teaching with clinical simulation or conventional practical classroom skills in the first clinical hospital experience. Method: a descriptive, qualitative research involving undergraduate nursing students from a public university in Brazil, submitted to a high fidelity clinical simulation or conventional practical class, which took place between 2015 and 2016. For data evaluation, a word cloud and similarity analysis of the IRAMUTEQ® software were used. Results: Altogether 54 students participated, 27 of them in each group. The words most evoked by the simulation group were: "real patient, no, more and simulator", related to the capacity of reflection regarding their knowledge and preparation. The most evoked by the conventional practice group were: "more, no, much and feel", related with the perception that the conventional class helps in the acquisition of skills, however, more frequency is needed. Conclusion: Both strategies contributed positively to the first clinical hospital experience. However, the simulation provided a critical-reflexive view of skills, deficiencies and greater self-confidence in relation to conventional practice. This study strengthens the evidence of the benefits provided by simulationbased teaching, and the importance of teaching institutions making appropriate use of this strategy.


Introduction Transplanting elk has been practiced for over 60 years. Most of present herds throughout the Rocky Mountains have originated from elk trapped during the winter from the Jackson Hole and Yellowstone Park region. Many of these elk were transplanted to areas where native populations did not exist, or if herds were already established, had low populations. The plantings have been made during the winter when elk could be trapped.


Abstract Recently, comprehensive community‐based youth work experience programs have shown promise as treatment and supervision alternatives for juvenile offenders. While a growing body of research suggests that employment in traditional youth jobs may have harmful impacts, this paper suggests that "designed work" interventions may provide a more positive socialization experience for young offenders while accomplishing needed productive work in local communities. Challenges to implementing these approaches are outlined, and the "designed work" strategy is contrasted with both intensive probation and residential and quasi‐residential alternatives based on its viability and public appeal.


One of the significant factors that limit efficiencies of organic solar cells (OSCs) is their large energy loss (Eloss), especially the high nonradiative recombination energy loss (ΔEnr). Herein, an acceptor...


Mountain Changbaishan in the northeast China is the birthplace of Manchu nationality.It is approved that Manchu paper-cuts' art stem from the traditional religion.Later it is wide spread among the people and formed its own special features.


The effect of the tilt of the electron beam axis on the gyrotron operation is investigated. It is commonly accepted that the tilt deteriorates the efficiency of cylindrical cavity gyrotrons. Our study showed that this deterioration can be mitigated by a proper displacement of the electron beam axis at the entrance. Also, in some cases, when the aftercavity interaction lowers the gyrotron efficiency, the tilt can reduce this interaction and, therefore, slightly increase the efficiency.


The authors of this paper consider a multivariate extended renewal process. For the multivariate case the law of large numbers under the simplest conditions of validity was established.


This thesis focuses on the changing meanings of the colonial heritage in the city of Qingdao, China. Qingdao originally developed as a city under Germany colonization from 1988. Germany occupied Qingdao for 17 years, until 1914 when Japan took over and colonized this city for a total of 13 years. Because of this historical background, the old town area of Qingdao was left with a significant presence of western style architectures built by the Germans and the Japanese. In the wake of China's economic reform and opening (gaige kaifang) in the 1980s, Qingdao, like many other Chinese cities, faced the pressure of the urban modernization. During the period from 1990 to 2000, the Qingdao municipal government decided to move the administration to eastern part of the city, which made the old town area loses its status as an economic and administrative center. In responds to this decline, and in hopes of improving the situation, the city government attempted to revitalize the area by making the colonial architecture a part of the city image. To do so, they initiated umbers of "projects" to transform the meanings of colonial architecture from a genetic "edifice" to become a celebrated part of city's "heritage". This was not a simple transformation, but instead was a process which reinterpreted local and national history, and redefines the way in which the city government promoted a new facade of urban life. As part of the vision of transforming the city's colonial heritage, the city government declared that modernization would lead citizens and the area to a better life, but instead, the revitalization actually intensified class differences. Drawing from my ethnographic fieldwork, I would argue that the redefinition "project" is in fact a strategy to strengthen the patriotic nationalism and to consolidate the power of control under the guise of urban modernization. By analyzing the urban reform project in the context of post-Mao china, I suggest the process put forth by the Qingdao government was essentially a response to neo-liberalism. Specifically, in improving the economy of the old town area, the citizens were marginalized. This is an example of the making local culture engineered and delivered by local government and driven by national ideology, in contrast to a process that reflected with the vision of the citizens.


By method of literature,logic analysis,the paper sets forth the essentiality and significance of the professionalization research on sports coach,and initially brings forward the basic contents of the professionalization research on sports coach according to understanding of the professionalization.


At present, the research of rolling bearing fault diagnosis method has become a hot topic. In order to solve the problem of optimal resonant band selection, noise reduction and frequency extraction in fault diagnosis, this paper presents a method of rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on self correlation function-cyclic spectrum analysis (SCF-CSA). Firstly the method selects the appropriate resonance band signal through the band pass filter based on the spectral kurtosis (SK). And then makes the self correlation analysis of the signal with the original vibration signal to reduce noise. Finally, the rolling bearing fault diagnosis is realized by cyclic spectrum analysis. It proved by experiment that this method not only overcomes the interference of noise caused by human factors and signal superimposed reconstruction to the diagnosis result, but also can be more targeted to analyze the slice energy of the fault feature frequency and realize the fault diagnosis of the rolling bearing.


In order to solve the unstable problems in hydraulic servo system due to some uncertain factors(load disturbance,etc.),an experimental prototype on a hydraulic motion platform with six degrees of freedom in a servo system was studied.A robust control strategy for dynamic pressure output back-off was put forward by analyzing dynamic response characteristics in the servo system and simulating with AMESim.The results show that,using this method,a better robustness is obtained under a larger disturbance,and the response bandwidth meets the design requirement which will ensure the response speed and accuracy of the platform motion.


The Qubbet el-Hawa necropolis, located on the west bank of the Nile, was the burial site chosen by the elite of Elephantine, from the Old Kingdom to the Middle Kingdom, and became one of the most important provincial cemeteries in the country. The hill affects the course of the River Nile and determines the disposition of the hypogea distributed between its two slopes (southeast and northeast). Therefore, the topography (and the river) determined the alignments of most of the tombs. During the Middle Kingdom, although only six large funerary complexes were built, there was a very significant change in the architecture of the necropolis in terms of the design of the burial chapels (which were planned as if they were a funerary temple), as well as the accuracy of the construction methods. In addition, they stand out because they were planned (and built) with a strongly symbolic double orientation, which is the subject of this study. The astronomical alignments of these funerary complexes, normally associated with royal temples and burials, appear to have been appropriated by the governors of Elephantine, lower-level officials, which has implications for our understanding of both Egyptian governance and Egyptian astronomy; undoubtedly, the architects had to possess knowledge of astronomy. The result is that these funerary complexes represent a clear example of "cultured" architecture carried out in a provincial cemetery. This article examines in detail the alignments of four of these funeral complexes: QH36, QH32, QH31 and QH33, building on the work of Belmonte and his collaborators in Qubbet el-Hawa, who are primarily responsible for increasing our data of Egyptian astronomical alignments


The paper presents the results of medical support of the flight for the ISS-59/60 crew. It gives a brief description of the medical support system, shows the main results of the implementation of the monitoring program of crew health and environment on the ISS RS during the flight, as well as the use of onboard prophylaxis means to maintain cosmonauts' performance and health in the flight.


This paper outlines past and future work on the topic of recycling systems. This project focuses on the performance of recycling systems from a range of perspectives. The recyclability of products, separation efficiencies for recycling processes and systems built from these processes, and economic factors contributing to the success of recycling enterprises are all considered. The goal of this project is to develop a basic understanding of the factors effecting the performance of recycling systems, with the eventual ambition of developing techniques for predictive analysis of these systems. These analysis techniques will allow us to evaluate the economic, ecological, and energy impact of recycling systems. This increased understanding will help guide the design of recycling systems.


The implementation of Sampled Values-based (SVbased) protection and control systems requires that new equipment be installed in the substation that is not required with traditional protection systems. An SV-based system includes merging units (MUs) that convert analog signals to SV, Ethernet network switches, a high-accuracy time source, fiber-optic cables, and SV relays, all connected to a communications network. When designing SV-based substations, engineers must learn about communications conditions in the system and their effects on relaying applications. Protection engineers often have concerns about whether they should test for delays introduced by a communications network in their protection system and about what other effects they need to consider. Ultimately, they need to prove that SV-based protection schemes are comparable to traditional protection systems. This paper discusses communications conditions, such as bandwidth limitations, latency, and packet loss, and analyzes them with respect to SV-based protection. We examine the impacts of SV data loss on line percentage differential, Alpha Plane differential, and line distance protection. We propose a closed-loop test model to perform benchmark line distance protection tests by comparing the protection performance of relays that receive analog signals via traditional copper wiring with relays that receive analog signals via SV. We also discuss a test of the effects of Ethernet packet loss on line distance protection and present the results.


There are important cautionary lessons to be learned from Robert DavidJohnson's sizzling critique of me and my book, A Nation among Nations. But the necessary focus of discussion, in my view, should not be his figure of the Trojan horse so much as his carelessness about logic and evidence. His strong opinions seem to be without foundation. It is unfortunate that he never engaged my book's specific arguments about the major events of American history and the evidence adduced for them. Johnson is correct in saying that I wish to change the basic narrative of American history. I believe that we have isolated the United States


The pork sector has been at the centre of Russia's import substitution policy. It has shown a very dynamic development reaching the government's aim to increase self-sufficiency to 85% in 2015. However, this policy is facing several challenges. Results of a DCC-MGARCH model confirm our hypothesis that price volatility and thus risk have increased strongly in the pork supply chain in Russia. Concurrently, the volatility spill-overs between the price of slaughtered pork and the price of live swine have more than doubled, indicating increased price interdependence.


The effect on the heme environment upon unfolding Paracoccus versutus ferricytochrome c‐550 and two site‐directed variants, K99E and H118Q, has been assessed through a combination of peroxidase activity increase and one‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy. At pH 4.5, the data are consistent with a low‐ to high‐spin heme transition, with the K99E mutation resulting in a protein with increased peroxidase activity in the absence of or at low concentrations of denaturant. Furthermore, the mobility of the polypeptide chain at pH 4.5 for the wild‐type protein has been monitored in the absence and presence of denaturant through heteronuclear NMR experiments. The results are discussed in terms of local stability differences between bacterial and mitochondrial cytochromes c that are inferred from peroxidase activity assays. At pH 7.0, a mixture of misligated heme states arising from protein‐based ligands assigned to lysine and histidine is detected. At low denaturant concentrations, these partially unfolded misligated heme forms inhibit the peroxidase activity. Data from the K99E mutation at pH 7.0 indicate that K99 is not involved in heme misligation, whereas histidine coordination is proven by the data from the H118Q variant.


Recent investigations coordinated by the Soprintendenza Archeologica per il Lazio have integrated the knowledge framework on the ancient settlements of the territory now included in the City of Ciampino. Already in the late Republican and especially in the age of Augustus, a dense presence of agricultural and residential settlements, characterized this part of the suburbs of Rome. The connection with the city, the hinterland and the coast, was guaranteed by an extensive road network which also saw the presence of important sanctuaries at strategic intersections. This is the case of the place of worship dedicated to Hercules-Semo Sancus, beside which stood two of the richest and best-known residences of roman age for the antiquarian and modern archaeological research: that of the Valerii and the so-called villa of Voconio Pollio, then moved on to Prifernio Peto. The name of the Valerii also emerges for the site in the locality Muri dei Francesi were made significant finds of marble sculptures belonging to the famous group of Niobe in the summer of 2012. Thanks to this discovery we can now assume that the villa of the Valerii, traditionally placed at south Street Cavona / Valeria, in the locality named «Messer Paoli», are instead at north of it, in the place named Muri dei Francesi. The life of this important villa, framed in the Augustan age, he had to continue even during the first centuries of the Empire, until the time of abandonment, that the materials collected in the tub indicate already in the middle imperial age.


The influence of a polypropylene fiber on the tensile properties of a cement-polymer based thin spray-on liner (TSL) was investigated in this study. Two different contents of fiber were added to the liner, yielding two TSL groups. Tensile tests were performed (in accordance with the ASTM D638 standard) on the two groups of specimens as well as the control group at 1, 7, 14, and 28-day curing. The test result verified the large plasticity and low elastic modulus of the TSL compared with the fiber. SEM examination revealed that fibers lying parallel to the load direction ruptured or were pulled out from the matrix, which was beneficial to the tensile strength, but detrimental to the elongation because of their high stiffness. Other fibers lying perpendicular with the load direction were detrimental to both tensile strength and elongation through aggravating the propagation of the cracks. The tensile strength was improved by fiber incorporation, while the elongation was reduced at all curing. The influence of fibers on tensile toughness was uncertain since tensile toughness depended on strength as well as deformity.


We deduce Narayana's formula for the number of lattice paths that fit in a Young diagram as a direct consequence of the Gessel-Viennot theorem on non-intersecting lattice paths.


Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequently seen neurodevelopmental disorders among school-aged children. Although the main cause of ADHD is unknown, combinations of genetic, biological and psychosocial factors are thought to play a part in the etiology of ADHD. This study aims to compare the autonomic nervous system functions of 6-11 year-old males diagnosed with ADHD against healthy controls by measuring pupil diameters.

Methods: Thirty-two males with ADHD and 24 healthy controls participated in this study. Any other psychiatric disorders except oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were excluded from this study. The autonomic nervous system functions of participants were evaluated by measuring pupil diameter changes in photopic and mesopic conditions.

Results: There were no statistically significant difference on photopic and mesopic pupil diameters between the ADHD and healthy control groups. Moreover, the ADHD subgroup with ODD did not differ from the ADHD subgroup without ODD with respect to the same parameters.

Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings suggest that males with ADHD show no differences in pupil diameters compared to typically developing children. This might indicate no difference in autonomic nervous system functions measured by pupillometry. However, it is recommended that the results of our study need to be confirmed by more detailed studies.


Soil biodiversity drives soil-based ecosystem services and is an important indicator of soil health. To understand the responses of important soil biological indicators to different farmland use contexts, 72 fields in three agricultural regions of China were used as research objects. The distribution characteristics and the factors influencing six indicators (carbon and nitrogen contents of soil microbial biomass (MBC, MBN, respectively), soil respiration (SR), soil catalase activity (CAT), soil acid phosphomonoesterase activity (APA), and soil earthworms) were investigated using field monitoring and indoor analysis. The MBC, SR, CAT, and APA indicators showed significant differences among the regions (p < 0.05). Correlation and redundancy analyses indicated that the important factors affecting MBC, MBN, and soil respiration were cation exchange capacity, total N, organic matter, hydrolytic N, and soil bulk density, whereas the important factors affecting APA and earthworms were total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassium. None of these factors had a significant effect on CAT. Climatic conditions, soil types, and farmland practices all have complex impacts on soil biodiversity. The results showed that attention should be paid to improving the physical conditions of the soil and to increasing soil fertility levels when establishing sustainable farm management patterns.


Abstract BACKGROUND The MAPK/ERK pathway is involved in cell growth and proliferation, and mutations in the BRAF paralog of this pathway have made it an oncogene of interest in pediatric cancer. Previous studies have identified that BRAF mutations as well as BRAF-KIAA1549 fusions are common in intracranial low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Fewer studies have tested for the presence of these genetic aberrations in spinal LGGs. The aim of this study was to better understand the prevalence of BRAF and other genetic aberrations in spinal LGG. METHODS We analyzed 46 spinal LGGs from children age 1–25 years from two institutions, Children's Hospital Colorado (CHCO) and The Hospital for Sick Children (Sick Kids) for the presence of BRAF fusions or mutations. Data was correlated with clinical information. A 67 gene panel additionally screened for other possible genetic abnormalities of interest in the patient cohort from CHCO. In the Sick Kids cohort, BRAFV600E was tested for by ddPCR and IHC while BRAF fusions where detected by FISH, RT-PCR or Nanostring platform. RESULTS Of the 31 patient samples who underwent fusion analysis, 13 (42%) harbored the BRAF-KIAA1549 fusion. Overall survival (OS) for patients confirmed positive for BRAF-KIAA1549 was 100% compared to 76% for fusion negative patients. Other mutations of interest were also identified in this patient cohort including BRAFV600E, STK11, PTPN11, H3F3A, APC, TP53, PIK3CA (polymorphism), FGFR1, and CDKN2A deletion. CONCLUSION BRAF-KIAA1549 was seen in higher frequency than BRAFV600E or other genetic aberrations in pediatric spinal LGGs and trends towards longer OS although not statistically significant.


Time series data of second-level occur in many applications of flow industry . Data compressing storing and mining is the key point for so large and high dimension data.This paper gives a novel adaptive sampling compressing method against the property of realtime data ,shows how to integate realtime data into database,analyzes relative mining methods ,and discusses its applications in electric power realtime system .


PURPOSE: A positive electrode active material is provided to improve cycleability at a room temperature and high temperature while the capacity is not degraded by suppressing the elution of Mn ions by coating lithium oxides containing nickel and manganese on the surface of LiMn2O4. CONSTITUTION: A positive electrode active material enables absorption and discharge of lithium ions and is such that lithium oxides containing nickel and manganese are coated on the surface of LiMn2O4. The lithium oxide is LiNi_xMn_(1-x)O_2. A method for preparing the positive electrode active material comprises the steps of: (i) preparing a sol of lithium oxides containing nickel and manganese; and coating the sol of lithium oxides on the surface of LiMn2O4; and additionally heat-treating LiMn2O4 in which the lithium oxide is coated.


Let  be a nontrivial and connected graph of vertex set  and edge set  . A bijection  is called a local edge antimagic labeling if for any two adjacent edges  and , where for . Thus, the local edge antimagic labeling induces a proper edge coloring of G if each edge e assigned the color  . The color of each an edge e = uv is assigned bywhich is defined by the sum of label both and vertices  and  . The local edge antimagic chromatic number, denoted by  is the minimum number of colors taken over all colorings induced by local edge antimagic labeling of   . In our paper, we present the local edge antimagic coloring of corona product of path and cycle, namely path corona cycle, cycle corona path, path corona path, cycle corona cycle. Keywords: Local antimagic; edge coloring; corona product; path; cycle.


1350-6277 © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Introduction Epidemiologic studies have convincingly demonstrated a strong positive and independent correlation between serum cholesterol level and coronary heart disease (CHD) [1]. In recent years, this association has been solidified because clinical endpoint data have consistently demonstrated that lowering an elevated cholesterol level reduces the CHD event and mortality rates [2]. Whether and to what extent triglycerides independently contribute to CHD has been widely debated in the literature. Some have argued that elevated triglycerides do not cause CHD per se, but rather serve as a marker for metabolic abnormalities (e.g. glucose intolerance) associated with a reduced catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins [3]. Others have pointed out that although triglycerides are associated with CHD in univariate analysis, the strength of this association is reduced after adjustment for other co-variates such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol [4].


San Diego—The function of huntingtin, the protein encoded by the gene defective in Huntington's disease, has been a mystery. But the discovery that huntingtin has a partner protein, coupled with the finding that the partner binds the mutated form of huntingtin more tightly than the normal form, may give researchers the handle they need to solve the mystery


Digital image is a form of preserving important information. Using the advance of digital technologies it is easy to make visually imperceptible modifications to the content of digital images. To ensure the integrity and the authenticity of a digital image is very difficult. A new authentication method based on the secret sharing technique with data integrity for grayscale document images via the use of the portable network graphics (PNG) image. An authentication signal is generated for each block of a grayscale document image which together with the binarized block content is transformed into several shares using the Shamir secret sharing scheme. The shares are embedded into an alpha channel plane. The alpha channel is combined with the original grayscale image to form a PNG image. During the embedding process, the computed share values are mapped into range of alpha channel values near their maximum value of 255 to yield a transparent stego image with a disguise effect. In the process of image authentication, image block is marked as tampered if the authentication signal computed the alpha channel plane. The tampered block can be rectified by collecting two shares from unmarked block and apply reverse Shamir secret scheme. With this method the authentication of grayscale document image is effective without the change of the original image.


The invention relates to a novel method for producing spherical mixed oxide powders with at least two constituents in a hot wall reactor. By using aqueous or organic saline solutions or suspensions with a limited salt or solid concentration in conjunction with additives in the form of surfactants and/or inorganic salts characterised by an exothermic decomposition reaction, a compact spherical particle morphology can be obtained, the average particle size being between 5 nm and < 10 mum.


In this paper, we study of the performance of the concatenation of a short polar code with an outer binary linear block code from a distance spectrum viewpoint. Our analysis targets the case where an outer cyclic code is employed together with an inner systematic polar code. A concatenated code ensemble is defined placing an interleaver at the input of the polar encoder. The introduced ensemble allows deriving bounds on the achievable error rates under maximum likelihood decoding, by applying the union bound to the (expurgated) average weight enumerators. The analysis suggests the need of careful optimization of the outer code, to attain low error floors. We also investigate the performance of a number of randomly chosen interleavers, with the aim to discuss the dispersion around the ensemble.


Ba0.9Ca0.1Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 (BCTZ) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are successfully prepared by a Pechini polymeric precursor method using EtOH solutions of Ti(O-iPr)4 and Zr(O-Pr)4 mixed with aqueous Ba(OAc)2 and Ca(NO3)2 with citric acid and ethylene glycol in a 3:1 molar ratio followed by heating to 85 °C for polymerization, calcination (700 °C, 1 h), and sintering to dense ceramics (1200—1275 °C, 5 h).


ment which I successfully adopted in five; such cases that came under my care between 1927 and 1930, only one of which had to be operated on. Case 1.?The condition was of 30 hours' duration. The relatives were warned that there was imminent necessity for an operation the next morning, when, to the surprise of myself and the relatives, the patient had a large, loose evacuation at 3 a.m., and was immediately relieved. Cases 2 and 3.?These were of from 12 to 21 hours' duration, and in both the treatment was successful. Case 4.?This was a weakly old man of 05, with obstruction of at least 3 days' duration, and a very feeble and thready pulse. He was in a semi-comatose condition, with a clammy skin. Eleven hours after the institution of treatment he had a spontaneous evacuation, and promptly recovered. Treatment.?In all these cases I gave 1 c.c. pituitrin and l/100th gr. of atropine sulphate hypodermically at once. Turpentine and soap and water enemata were given from time to time, and turpentine stupes to the tumid abdomen frequently. I also gave orally


Over the issue of the difference or otherwise between economically active children and home-care children, there are two competing claims by researchers. One holds that economically active children and home- care children are the same in that both groups of children have identical determinants, while the other contradicts this view. Using the probit analysis for both groups of children in Pakistan, our study compares the determinants of the two groups to check whether they have same determining factors and ultimately are the same or they differ with each other in this matter. It is found that a significant number of explanatory variables have shown opposite effect on economic activity of children and home-care activity of children. So it is concluded that economically active children and home-care children are two different groups which cannot be merged into each other. However, policies focused on elimination of economically active children trickle down the effect to home-care children as some determining factors of both groups are the same.


OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of L-dicentrine on the contraction of rat stomach muscle strips induced by 5-HT, histamine K+ and Ca2+.

METHOD
In-vitro experimenting on rat stomach muscle strips.

RESULTS
The contraction of the strips induced by 5-HT histamine K+ and Ca2+ after high K+ depolarization was markedly inhibited by L-dicentrine or papaverine, showing a non-competitive antagonism. The contraction induced by 5-HT was inhibited by L-dicentrine in Ca2+ free solution. L-Dicentrine inhibited the contraction induced by 5-HT, depending on Ca2+ released from the intracellular store. When the Ca2+ concentration in both solutions was restored, L-dicentrine did not influence the contraction significantly.

CONCLUSION
L-Dicentrine could relax the rat stomach smooth muscle. In rat stomach smooth muscles there exist 5-HT receptors.


The faculty is committed to educating students in the responsibilities and skills of the professional journalist. It also has a broader commitment to advance the profession of journalism through scholarly research, analysis and criticism and through special programs to serve practitioners. The school also prepares students for careers in corporate communication through its strategic communication emphasis area. Students in that area typically pursue careers in advertising or public relations or in strategic communication.


This paper designs a new L1 adaptive controller based on neural network technique for a class of nonlinear systems, which not only contain the matched uncertainty but also the unmatched uncertainty. This new controller ensures both the stability of the closed-loop system and the uniform boundedness of its transient performance. Finally, simulations give some illustrations and comparisons.


Due to the remarkable physical and mechanical properties of graphene, it is considered to be one of the most promising reinforcements for structural ceramics. In this paper, the composite material is compacted by hot pressing and the effects of mechanical stirring and ultrasonic on dispersion of graphene in alumina matrix were investigated, which was believed to have a great influence on the mechanical properties of the hot-pressed composites. It is found that from Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Compared with ultrasonic, the composite, in which graphene was dispersed by mechanical stirring, showed higher bending strength (555.1MPaVS432.3MPa) and fracture toughness (4.4MPa·m1/2 VS 4.1MPa·m1/2). The result is much more promising to be employed in the designing and processing of graphene composites.