Our study aimed at determining the content in Ca and Mg of different instant coffee brands and at determining their daily recommended mineral intake. We determined, by flame atomic absorption, total concentrations of Ca and Mg in five instant coffee brands marketed in different supermarkets in Timisoara, Romania. Experimental results show that the instant coffee brands we analysed contain important amounts of Ca and Mg: thus, their concentration limits ranged between 1.512-1.802 mg/kg (Ca) and 2.500-3.187 mg/kg (Mg). Calculus made to assess Ca and Mg supply to the daily recommended intake per 5 g of instant coffee powder show that the instant coffee brands we studied are not important sources of Ca and Mg despite the Mg supply slightly above normal values.


For solutions of SiO/sub 2/ in aqueous MOH (M = Na, K, Rb) with M/sup +/:Si/sup IV/ = 1:1 (in which each Si carries one O/sup /minus// group), the temperature-dependent /sup 29/Si line broadening is almost entirely due to Si-Si chemical exchange, if contaminants are absent, and is uniform for most resonances. This implies involvement of a common vehicle of intermolecular Si exchange (polymerization)-evidently the neutral form of the monomer, Si(OH)/sub 4/. The temperature dependence of the inverse spin-site lifetime /tau//sup /minus/1/ is given by /Delta/H* = 50 kJ mol/sup /minus/1/ and /Delta/S* = /minus/69 J K/sup /minus/1/ mol/sup /minus/1/. Intramolecular cyclization processes are faster than intermolecular polymerization and results in greater line broadening for a few minor peaks. For solutions with M/sup +/:Si/sup IV/ > 1:1 (high pH), silicate species that have more than one O/sup /minus// per Si and that are relatively unreactive in Si-Si exchange form to varying degrees, leading to reduced and nonuniform temperature-dependent line broadening. When this is taken into account, Si-Si chemical exchange is seen to explain both /sup 29/Si line broadening and the results of selective inversion-recovery experiments. 26 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.


As shown in FIG. 1, a device for remotely managing the patient suffering from heart failure and hypertension, it is possible to measure one or more biomarkers. This device serves the efficacy and safety of treatment of such patients in monitoring. In one aspect, the present invention provides a mammalian subject comprising: means for determining a pathophysiological condition and therapeutic response, in a sample obtained from the subject, to measure the marker levels described in the specification comprising a detector.


Moore's Law, an observation first made in 1965, predicts that the number of transistors on integrated circuits will double approximately every two years. For technologists, an extension of this means that everything that relies on integrated circuits, from computer speeds to the resolution of digital cameras, will also double every couple of years. For lawyers and consumers, this means that technology is not going to stop changing any time in the near future. Technological advances will bring new challenges and new considerations at an ever faster pace as data processing and storage reach into unforeseen areas of our lives. Agreements, or arguments, about native versus TIF formats of production pale in comparison to issues such as forensics and data discovery on neural networks, "big data," or crowd-


Abstract This article explores through photography the affinities and antagonisms between the Situationist International and the Surrealist movement. It begins with an outline of the Situationists' preliminary engagement with the legacy of Surrealism. Next it shows how this engagement took on a photographic dimension in the theoretical journal of the Situationists as part of a strategy to create a distinctive group identity, not to be confused with the more established Surrealist movement. The conclusion compares Situationist and Surrealist uses of photography.


Objective To describe fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) patterns in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and correlate them with the stage of disease as well as the prognosis for visual acuity.Methods In this cross-sectional study,70 eyes of 67 patients with CSC underwent FAF imaging and spectral-domain OCT scans,and routine ophthalmologic examinations as well.The pattern of fundus alterations in various stages of disease detected by FAF and OCT,and their correlation with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were evaluated and analyzed.Data were analyzed using a rank-sum test.Results FAF and OCT images showed correlated but not identical findings that were classified into four phenotypic patterns: ①Normal type: 7 eyes (10%) displayed no abnormal FAF signal with consistent OCTs showing the upward arch bulge of the neurosensory layer,separated from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE),with a dark liquid zone underneath.The outer segments of the photoreceptor layer were intact and flat,and uniformly distributed.②HyperFAF type:observed in 32 eyes (45.7%).Among them,28 eyes (88%) had neurosensory layer detachment (SRD).The FAF imaging mainly displayed an increased presence of fluorophores within the SRD area,while OCT demonstrated uneven processes at the surface of the outer segment band.Twenty eyes (62%) contained granules of hyperFAF that basically correlated with the yellowish-white dots seen in the retina,and highly reflective granule-like processes in the outer segment band or the surface of the RPE layer in OCT.③HypoFAF type:observed in 9 eyes (13%),all with SRD.OCT imaging revealed an intact and flat outer segment band that was uniformly distributed.④Mixed type: alternation of hyper- and hypoautofluorescence,observed in 22 eyes (31%).Seventeen of those eyes (77%) displayed regular FAF,normally appearing as hypoFAF surrounding hyperFAF.OCT displayed the arch bulge of the neurosensory layer,with a dark liquid zone underneath.The corresponding outer segment band of the hypoFAF region was smooth and flat,with highly reflective granule-like processes in the hyperFAF region.There were significant difference between all other groups including Normal AF/hypo AF,hyperAF,regular mixed AF and irregular mixed AF (Z=5.380,-3.791,-3.416,-4.049,-3.309,-3.421,P<0.01).For the corresponding BCVA,there were statistically significant differences between all types (Z=-3.792,-2.676,-2.790,-3.128,-3.311,P<0.01),except for the difference between the hyperFAF type and the regular mixed type (Z=-2.012,P<0.05).Conclusion In the early stages of acute CSC,FAF might display normal or decreased autofluorescence.Over time,there was a time-dependent progressive increase in the intensity of FAF.HypoFAF was known to occur in correlation with atrophy that results from a chronic detachment of the retina in patients with chronic and persistent CSC.In areas with altered FAF,SD-OCT imaging revealed marked morphological abnormalities not only of the RPE cell layer but also of the photoreceptor layer.Poor visual prognosis correlated most strongly with the long-term course of the disease.Thereafter,prompt management is highly recommended for treatment of CSC.

Key words:
Chorioretinitis, serous, central ;  Fluorencein, spontaneous, fundus ;  Tomography,optical coherence


This project of "The Concept Of Vertical Take-OFF And Landing (VTOL) by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Mini Model" have been carried out by the final year students of UiTM Mechanical Engineering under the supervision of Pn. Junaidah Abd Rahmad, but in the middle of the semester this project was been taken over by Pn. Wan Mazlina from Pn. Junaidah due to medical reason. The important part of this project is to study some basic theory that involve in vertical take off and landing (VTOL) airplane. As we know, the VTOL airplane can be divided into two type of airplane. One is fix wing type that uses compressible engine to fly vertical and the other type is using blade to generate power to fly vertical (also known as rotary wing). From the discussion with our previous advisor Mrs. Junaidah, after considering the budget for the project, we had decided the rotary wing type of airplane to fulfill our final project. From the theoretical study of the basic concept, we will try to build a simple model of UAV base on the rotary wing type of airplane. After the model has been completed, testing were conducted to ensure the model can fly. Lastly, some recommendation are been made to improve the outstanding model. We hope from this project we could understand the basic knowledge about the VTOL rotary wing type of airplane and we are happy if this project report can be used as a guide by other students to build a better model in the future semester. We want to emphasise here that this project only cover the basic theoretical study of the VTOL airplane concept because of the budget limitation.


The e-learning usage in Bali State Polytechnic is relatively new. As a new innovation, adoption of e-learning is vulnerable to rejection. It takes information to reduce uncertainty the adoption of e-learning. The research objectives are: (1) describe the adoption factors of e-learning innovation; and (2) confirmatory tests of the adoption e-learning innovation construct. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a survey method. Sample size are 130, representing of faculty members in each study program Bali State Polytechnic. The response rate in this study was 86.9%. Data were analyzed by descriptive quantitative and confirmatory factor analysis. Adoption of e-learning innovations described by five characteristics: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. Relative advantage has the highest average (3.92), followed by trialability, observability, compatibility, and complexity has the lowest average (2.99). Based on loading factor and constructs reliability, the observed variables are able to explain the factors that characterize adoption of e-learning. Thus, five characteristics e-learning is valid as a measurement model adoption of e-learning innovation with p-value=0.00224 and RMSEA=0.060.


A two‐dimensional incompressible magneto‐hydrodynamic code is presented in order to solve the steady state or transient magnetized or neutral convection problems with the effect of heat transfer. The code utilizes a numerical matrix distribution scheme that runs on structured or unstructured triangular meshes and employs a dual time‐stepping technique with multi‐stage Runge–Kutta algorithm. The code can be used to simulate the natural convection with internal heat generation and absorption and nonlinear time‐dependent evolution of heated and magnetized liquid metals exposed to external fields. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Low operating voltage is an important requirement that must be met for industrial adoption of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). We report here solution fabricated polymer brush gate insulators with good uniformity, low surface roughness and high capacitance. These ultra thin polymer films, synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), were used to fabricate low voltage OFETs with both evaporated pentacene and solution deposited poly(3‐hexylthiophene). The semiconductor‐dielectric interfaces in these systems were studied with a variety of methods including scanning force microscopy, grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction and neutron reflectometry. These studies highlighted key differences between the surfaces of brush and spun cast polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films.


Approximately 4% of patients undergoing renal transplant are at risk for renal artery or vein thrombosis (1). Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), anticardiolipin antibodies and/or lupus anticoagulant antibodies with clinical manifestations, have nearly a 100% risk of early renal graft thrombosis without peri-operative anticoagulation, and 25% chance with anticoagulation (2, 3). In patients with lupus anticoagulant (LA) both exaggerated bleeding response to heparin and lack of need for heparin modification have been reported, yet no data detail the response in renal transplant recipients (4,5). We present a unique case where a patient with APS and B-cell autoantibodies underwent transplantation, plasmapheresis and heparin anticoagulation.


Magnetic field effect on local entropy generation due to steady two-dimensional laminar forced convection flow past a horizontal plate was numerically investigated. This study was focused on the entropy generation characteristics and its dependency on various dimensionless parameters. The effect of various dimensionless parameters, such as Hartmann number (Ha), Eckert number (Ec), Prandtl number (Pr), Joule heating parameter (R) and the free stream temperature parameter (θ∞) on the entropy generation characteristics is analyzed. The dimensionless governing equations in Cartesian coordinate were solved by an implicit finite difference technique. The solutions were carried out for Ha2=0.5-3, Ec=0.01-0.05, Pr=1-5 and θ∞=1.1-2.5. It was found that, the entropy generation increased with increasing Ha, Ec and R. While, increasing the free stream temperature parameter, and Prandtl number tend to decrease the local entropy generation.


Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of Tongxiluo in treatment coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods 180 inpatient with CHD were divided into 2 groups randomly. Control group (90 cases) were treated routine therapy including polarization liquid and isosorbide dinitrate etc; and yet treatment group (90 cases ) selected routine treatment combination with Tongxinluo which were taken three capsules t.i.d. The two groups therapeutic course were 1 month. Results The curative effect on clinic were that the total effective rate B 87.78% in treatment group and 70% in control group (P0.05). The total effective rate B was 84.44% in treatment group and 72.22% in control group on electrocardiogram. There was different significance between pre-treatment and post-treatment in whole blood viscosity of treatment group (0.01) and difference obviously in the rest of all observation targets with variation of blood flow and blood lipids. Conclusion Tongxinluo capsule could adjust plasma lipids and keep from blood coagulation, enhancing fibrinolytic activity, improving vaso-endothelial function, relieving the level of coronary heart disease myocardial ischemia and promoting the recovery of damaged myocardium.


Inhibition of protein degradation through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is a recently developed approach to cancer treatment that adds to the range of cellular targets for chemotherapy (DNA, the cytoskeleton, and transcription and replication enzymes).[1][1] The proteasome carries out the


The tricyclic neuroleptic drug tt-clopenthixol (C22H25C1N2OS) is monoclinic, P21/n, with a = 11.549 (4), b = 15.739 (6), c = 11.627 (5)A, fl = 109.47 (2) °, U = 1992.6 A 3, Z = 4. Its less potent fl isomer is triclinic, Pi, with a = 6.493 (2), b = 7.758(3), c = 21.881 (8)A, ,i = 90.11 (2), /~ = 91.48 (2), y = 92.81 (2) ° , U= 1100.5 A 3, Z = 2, and crystallizes as a dihydrate. The structures have been refined to R = 0.051 for 2503 reflexions (a) and 0.039 for 3170 reflexions (fl). Various structural features of these drugs and those of the closely related t~- and fl-flupenthixol are compared.


To solve the problem that the Chicken swarm optimization (CSO) has low solution accuracy and tends to fall into the local optimum on later stages of iteration, an adaptive mutation learning Chicken swarm optimization (AMLCSO) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, to solve the problem of uneven initial distribution and improve the algorithm's stability, a good-point set is introduced. Secondly, according to the difference between the current individual position and the optimal individual position, the nonlinear adaptive adjustment of weight is realized and the position update step is dynamically adjusted. This strategy improves the algorithm's convergence. Thirdly, the learning update strategies of Gaussian mutation and normal distribution are introduced to improve the probability of selection and solving accuracy and avoid falling into the local optimum. Finally, the AMLCSO is compared with other standard algorithms and improved Chicken swarm optimization algorithms on twenty benchmark test functions. The experimental results show the AMLCSO has faster convergence and higher solution accuracy.


AbstractAlgal and cyanobacterial growth occurring on the plaster-covered interior walls of the church of St Stephanus at Pilsum (northern Germany) has been studied. A Mobile Ultra Violet Unit (MUVU) has been successfully applied to the church walls in order to control growth of photosynthetic organisms. The killing effect of the UV-light on the flora has been demonstrated by the following methods: (1) infrared photography, (2) quantitative chlorophyll determinations, (3) transmitted light microscopy, (4) scanning electron microscopy and (5) plate counts. It was demonstrated that the MUVU method is efficient and cheap. The construction and operation of the MUVU is easy. Assessment of the efficiency of the process can be carried out without complicated chemical or biological analyses, by using IR-photography.


Classification systems of retail products have recently been gaining more importance. There are many classes of retail products and the resemblance of these products makes the design of product recognition systems, which have many application areas, more challenging. In this paper, we present a comparison of different classification techniques that are widely used in computer vision for image classification on retail product images taken by smart-phones.


Taking Lactuca sativa as test material,the effects of different growing medias on the growth and quality of lettuce were studied,to finding solutions for degradation of facilities agricultural soil quality and continous cropping obstacle.The results showed that,the tests of binary complex revealed,diatomite and vermiculite with the ratio of 2∶1on lettuce growth was the best,compared to control(single-use vermiculite)increase of 224.65%,plant height,leaf number,chlorophyll SPAD values were the best,and can significantly decreased the nitrate content in lettuce(189.53mg/kg).A variety of cultural matrix composite materials can significantly reduce the nitrate content,were significantly lower than the result of continuous cropping soil cultivation greenhouses,vermiculite∶diatomite∶coffee grounds∶straw∶biochar=1∶2∶1∶3∶2was the best,when guaranteing biomass was the biggest,the nitrite content was the lowest.


If all is true that the churches teach, then the religious person should laugh the loudest and enjoy life most, and priests, rabbis and ministers should try to disprove the old notion that there is some subtle connection between religion and the "blues." The Bible says "there is a time to laugh" as well as "a time to weep," and an apostle bid'Sus to "rejoice with them that do rejoice and weep with them that weep." "Youth leaders" today realize that Christians, in religious work, must possess and exhibit daily "an aspect of joyousness and inward happiness consciously stressed as against seriousness, and sombreness, and deadly dulness." The Church must take the lead in fostering a religion of joynot only in the joy of "service" but in adopting a new phase of liveliness and humor everywhere. In half a century of experience as a minister of religion, we have found that in the actual work of a parish-be it large or small-the most successful man is he who possesses a keen sense of humor, which, coupled with God's grace, makes a splendid combination. We wish some of the great saints of the past had given us some "lighter" moments. What would an Augustine have written about jollity and mirth? What would John Calvin have penned "in lighter vein"? Reading considerable biography we have reached the conclusion that some priests and preachers have made abundant use of their innate gifts along this line. We learn from the study of such lives that many popular preachers and successful pastors possessed this certain innate or acquired intellectual gift that, for want of a more exact classification, we must style humor. Speaking broadly, it is safe to assert that only a few of those who have been known as "popular preachers" have been deficient in this subtle gift, which, united to piety, is described by Whipple as "a rare manifestation of intellectual power."


Currently the unitary structure is used in organization structures of financial affairs in schools of higher education.All financial work is managed by financial department. However, there exist differences in the setting of subordinate organizations of financial department of schools of higher education. Therefore it is disadvantageous to unifying and standardizing the management of financial affairs. In this paper, the states of organization structures of financial affairs in schools of higher education are firstly analyzed. Secondly, the primary model is proposed to set the financial organizations in schools of higher education.


PURPOSE: A high speed remote atomization sprayer is provided to prevent fatal poisoning by agricultural chemicals and to improve high quality rice production yield. CONSTITUTION: A high speed remote atomization sprayer comprises a nozzle(100), a high pressure pump(200), and a high pressure hose(300). The nozzle comprises a long distance nozzle and a short distance nozzle. The long distance nozzle is equipped with a nozzle having one outlet. The short distance nozzle is equipped with a nozzle having a plurality of outlets with diameter smaller than the long distance nozzle. An on/off valve is separately installed in the long distance nozzle and short distance nozzle and is independently operated.


CORS is called Continuous Operational Reference System, which comprise a network of Global Positioning System receivers. Traditional sensors were used to determine the working environment parameters and mechanical property parameters of the bridge, and CORS technology was applied to obtain the positions of bridge monitoring points in three axis directions, besides the technology was adapted to combine GIS software with the relational database, in which the function of GIS and SQL Server were to manage the spatial information and the corresponding attribute data. In this paper the technology route was designed in detail to realize the real-time dynamic monitoring and visualization analysis of the deformation of large bridge. This system was developed to evaluate valuable information such as the stability, durability and reliability of the bridge.


A 124-day individually fed finishing study was conducted to evaluate corn grain replacement by distillers grain and 5% CaO treated crop residue. Dietary treatments were two ratios (2:1 or 3:1) of modified distillers grains and treated crop residues (DGCR), two types of treated crop residue (corn stover or wheat straw) at 3:1 ratio, and then with three dry rolled corn (DRC) levels (10%, 25%, 40%; DM basis). Steers fed diets containing as little as 25% corn and 3:1 ratios of distillers grains and CaO treated crop residues can achieve similar F:G compared with cattle fed diets containing 5% roughage and 56% corn.


International trade is one of the most important links between one country or area and the world economy.Meanwhile,economic globalization will bring risks to a country's or an area' s employment and economy growth through international trade.Therefore,the study on trade risk and its regional distribution is important for stabilizing regional economic growth and promoting employment.In this paper,we studied the economic effects and spatial distribution of trade risk,taking Guangdong Province as an example.The empirical study of this paper shows that the export is very important to the growth of a region's economy and employment.If the export slows down,the regional economy and the employment will also slow down.However,the regional economy and the employment should not depend heavily on export.When the ratio of export in the regional economy growth is too high,it will have a negative effect on both the regional economy and employment.The spatial analysis of trade risk shows that the highest trade risk regions are mainly located around the Pearl River Delta area,such as Dongguan,Shenzhen,Huizhou and Zhuhai.The spatial distribution of trade risk regions is helpful to policy decision making.Once there is a sign of recession of world economy,counter-measures against trade risks should be taken in advance in those regions with high dependency of international trade.


The chemistry faculty and the chemistry librarian at The College of New Jersey created the Chemistry Seminar Program for undergraduate chemistry majors while piloting a new role for academic subject librarians at The College of New Jersey. The chemistry program covers a wide range of topics that educates students from the time they enter college to when they embark on a new career on graduation. While developing the program, a model for the future role of the academic subject librarian at The College of New Jersey serendipitously evolved—the integrated librarian. Integrated librarians combine traditional library skills with new technologies while moving beyond their traditional roles and integrating themselves, their skills, and their dedication to service into the fiber of the academic community.


The practice of gynecology in rural Africa is undertaken under rudimentary conditions but often involves very serious pathology. In West Africa there is 1 physician per 1800 inhabitants and most are in cities. The gynecological status of rural women is affected by uncontrolled fertility poor sanitary conditions AIDS genital mutilation of little girls untreated pelvic pain and infection and the general context of hunger drought violence poverty female illiteracy chronic and acute malaria and male domination. Visits by gynecologists working in nongovernmental organizations are announced in markets and frequently attract women from great distances. Equipment is scarce and all supplies must be brought in to the examining area. Lack of hygiene aggravated by the tropical climate allows sexually transmitted diseases to flourish. Genital infections of all types are common and they increase vulnerability to AIDS. 73% of reported AIDS cases are in Africa where women are now more affected than men. The spread of AIDS among women is calling into question the entire traditional system of early marriage widespread polygamy and male domination. Obstetrical trauma is common in rural Africa with the development of fistulas perhaps the most debilitating condition converting young women into outcasts. Apart from the estimated 40000 women in West Africa with fistulas countless numbers with other types of obstetrical trauma attempt to hide their conditions. Centers for surgical treatment of fistulas have begun to appear in West Africa. Postponement of marriage until girls mature physically would in many cases avert the problem. Maternal death rates are high. The causes are frequently preventable but distance and inaccessibility of services delay treatment until too late. Family planning is slowly gaining acceptability. Oral contraceptives are of greater interest in rural areas than IUDs which require careful follow-up. Women in rural Africa as elsewhere are victimized by sexual violence of which genital mutilation is an example.


We present experimental studies of live cancer cells via microscopic imaging ellipsometry (MIE). The Rotating Compensator Ellipsometry (RCE) is used for our measurements. Ellipsometry spectra with signals integrated over a 20μm×20μm area in visible range (450nm to 750nm) are obtained with the Optrel MULTISKOP system for both specular reflection and off-specular scattering. The microscopic ellipsometry (ME) images at a few fixed wavelengths within the same range were also analyzed. Dielectric constants for glass slide, culture fluid, and glass cover plate were firstly characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements, which can be used in the simulation for MIE measurements of cancer cells embedded in the culture fluid and sandwiched between a glass slide and cover plate. The measured ME spectra and images of cancer cells before and after medicine injection are measured and analyzed.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of Starvation and coffee enema and oriental medical therapy to a patient with obesity caused by overeating and lack of exercise. Methods : This study was carried out on a patient who had obesity caused by overeating and lack of exercise, and whose body weight was reduced through starvation, coffee enema and oriental medical therapy. After checked body weight, we analyzed effect of starvation, coffee enema and oriental medical therapy. Results and conclusions : Following the treatment the patient``s body weight was reduced. The present results suggest that starvation coffee enema and oriental medical therapy has positive effects on an obese patient


A mathematical model, able to describe the recrystallization and grain growth in metals, has been developed. Taking into account the classical constitutive equations of the Taylor′s theory, the model involves only two free parameters (the dislocation density and the initial number of nuclei). Results from the model are here discussed in comparison with measurements performed on an AISI 304 stainless steel. The predictions of the model are in good agreement with experimental results. As cross check of the model prediction, the independent parameter "dislocation density"was found to properly correlate to the mechanical properties of the steel and to X-ray diffraction measurements,according to Taylor′s and Debye′s relations respectively.


Optimization problems involving mixed variables, i.e., variables of numerical and categorical nature, can be challenging to solve, especially in the presence of complex constraints. Moreover, when the objective function is the result of a complicated simulation or experiment, it may be expensive to evaluate. This paper proposes a novel surrogate-based global optimization algorithm to solve linearly constrained mixed-variable problems up to medium-large size (around 100 variables after encoding and 20 constraints) based on constructing a piecewise affine surrogate of the objective function over feasible samples. We introduce two types of exploration functions to efficiently search the feasible domain via mixed-integer linear programming solvers. We also provide a preference-based version of the algorithm, which can be used when only pairwise comparisons between samples can be acquired while the underlying objective function to minimize remains unquantified. The two algorithms are tested on mixed-variable benchmark problems with and without constraints. The results show that, within a small number of acquisitions, the proposed algorithms can often achieve better or comparable results than other existing methods.


The characteristic of rules making and data processing in the work of vocation statistics is analyzed. A method of describing the formula in statistics report is given. The statistics report processing system SRAFT is designed and realized, which is made up of five parts, ie., report frame manager, formula manager, data collecting item manager, unit manager and data processing system.


Dense b-axis-oriented ZSM-5 zeolite films with a thickness of approximately 300 nm were successfully synthesized on porous Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 supports. The films were produced via an in situ crystallization method based on a slow dissolution of solid source materials, which continuously supplies a superficial layer for the film growth.


We fabricated thin film transistors (TFTs) using TiInZnO(TiIZO) thin films as active channel layer. The thin films of TiIZO were deposited at room temperature by RF-magnetron co-sputtering system from InZnO(IZO) and Ti targets. We examined the effects of titanium addition by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the electrical characteristics of the TFTs. The TiIZO TFTs were investigated according to the radio-frequency power applied to the Ti target. We found that the transistor on-off currents were greatly influenced by the composition of titanium addition, which suppressed the formation of oxygen vacancies, because of the stronger oxidation tendency of Ti relative to that of Zn or In. A optimized TiIZO TFT with rf power 40W of Ti target showed good performance with an on/off current ratio greater than , a field-effect mobility of 2.09 [], a threshold voltage of 2.2 [V] and a subthreshold swing of 0.492 [V/dec.].


There is no doubt that medicine has entered the digital age. The rapid advances in technology have and will continue to change the way medicine is practiced. Many colleagues carry handheld devices that bring medical information to the point of care. More examination rooms are equipped with computers. In hospitals, computers with Internet access are on every ward. Radiologists read their films on computer monitors rather than light boxes. Fiberoptic technology has made endoscopy, pharyngoscopy, and laparoscopy possible.

The need for physicians who can speak technologic language is so great that a special field of study has emerged, called medical informatics, "the scientific field that deals with biomedical information, data, and knowledge—their storage, retrieval, and optimal use for problem-solving and decision-making."1 Graduate schools across the country are creating master's and doctoral programs to meet the demand. As a medical informaticist, I could argue that this degree program is more intrinsic to the current practice of medicine than either the master's of public health or of business administration dual-degree program. Instead, these skills are so critical that training in medical informatics should be required at the medical school level.

The need for this kind of formal training has long been recognized. In 1984, a special panel of the Association of American Medical Colleges, called General Professional Education of the Physician, identified medical informatics as an area requiring educational opportunities to prepare future physicians for practice in the 21st century.2 But little was accomplished following this recommendation, perhaps because no one knew how to implement such changes. The Association of American Medical Colleges recognized that this issue would present special challenges to medical schools that wished to design a curriculum that would integrate these skills. The association, therefore, proposed the Medical School Objectives Project (MSOP), which would develop suggestions for learning objectives, experiences, and implementation strategies to integrate medical informatics into medical school curricula.3

Here is what the project says that medical schools should be teaching their students. Medical students must be computer literate. It is not enough to be able to compose, format, and print a document on a word processor. They should be able to use software to create formal presentations, and they should familiarize themselves with the structure and function of databases. They should know about communication technologies, like cable modems, DSL, and ISDN. This knowledge will facilitate medical students' comprehension of how e-mail and the Internet work. Nowadays, computer literacy should be taken a step further to include knowledge of handheld devices and their beaming and synchronization processes.

Perhaps the next most important skill that medical students should acquire is mastery in searching the medical literature. The process is more complex than simply entering a few search terms in the National Library of Medicine's database, PubMed, and receiving 3,000 articles in return. It is more efficient to develop a focused clinical question so that the answer (perhaps 1-3 articles) is relevant to patients seen in the examination room. Those patients, by the way, have become more savvy clients, able to search the web themselves for answers to medical questions. Physicians need to have criteria in mind to be able to evaluate the information that patients bring them. They may want to refer their patients to a reputable site to fulfill their information needs. In all of these areas, medical librarians are an invaluable resource. Physicians and medical students should seek out the guidance of medical librarians and participate in live or online tutorials.

Physicians will be faced with using a decision support system of some kind during their career. They should understand the purposes of these tools, their strengths, and their limitations. These expert systems are not intended to take the place of the physicians' diagnostic prowess. Rather, they are available as a consultant on more difficult cases. They should be thought of as an instrument for finding the zebras.

Many technologies comprise telemedicine, making health care possible in remote locations. Anyone practicing medicine today should be familiar with the telemedicine consultation, what it entails, and when it may be appropriate. A physician may be in a position to either refer patients who may not otherwise have access to a specialist for a telemedicine consultation or provide the consultation. Either way, knowledge about telemedicine is imperative.

For more information on the Medical School Objectives Project and what the experts think medical students should be learning, go to www.aamc.org/meded/msop/start.htm . Students who are not receiving this education at their medical school should let the administration know that they think it's important. Don't be left behind.