The invention discloses a device for detecting stressed deformation of an auto steering wheel, which comprises displacement sensors, force sensors, received signal amplifying circuits, an A/D (analog-digital) conversion circuit, a D/A (digital-analog) conversion circuit, a PLC (programmable logic controller) control circuit, a touch screen, a printer, a servo proportioning valve and solenoid valves, wherein the two displacement sensors and the three force sensors are electrically connected with the received signal amplifying circuits, the received signal amplifying circuits are electrically connected with the A/D conversion circuit, the A/D conversion circuit is electrically connected with the PLC control circuit, the D/A conversion circuit is electrically connected with the PLC control circuit, the touch screen is electrically connected with the PLC control circuit, the servo proportioning valve is electrically connected with the D/A conversion circuit, the printer is electrically connected with the touch screen, the solenoid valves control cylinders to work, and a power supply supplies power to the touch screen and the PLC control circuit; and the PLC control circuit is used for controlling the cylinders through the solenoid valves to stress the auto steering wheel, the force sensors are used for detecting the magnitude of a force, the displacement sensors are used for detecting displacement deformation amount and transmitting data to the PLC control circuit, the touch screen is used for displaying the data, and the printer is used for printing the data.


A method of cost optimum design of two way RC slabs is presented.The total cost of the slab is taken as the objective function.The constraints come from strength and stiffness requirements specified in the code and from the practical limits on the dimensions of the slabs.A closed form solution expressed in a number of formulas is provided,which can be easily applied.


The pollution in Bohai Sea Area is severe.The research results showed the main pollutants were inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate.Large numbers of the pollutants from agricultural non-point source pollution and daily garbage had become one of the important reasons of Bohai Sea Area pollution.Agricultural non-point source pollution factors causing the deterioration of water environmental quality of the around Bohai region in Shandong province were analyzed,and those primary factors were chemical fertilizer,pesticide,dejecta and sewage from livestock and fowl breed,garbage and sewage in the daily life.Finally,the prevention and cure countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution around Bohai Region in Shandong province were put forward and those mainly included cleaner planting,cleaner breeding and cleaner countryside environment,by which we can control and decrease the pollution to Bohai.


Through Q-type cluster analysis on the ten main indexes of the 16 football teams in the 12th Europe Cup.Analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were made in the differences between the cluster indexes.The cluster results were checked by grade correlation analysis.The results reflected that objectively the comprehensive evaluation of technical and tactical ability of the teams.The development trend of football in the Europe and a method for evaluating technical and tactical abilities of football teams rationally,effectively and quantitatively was explored.


Copyright © Taylor & Francis 2004. ISSN 0001–6470. Printed in Sweden – all rights reserved. DOI 10.1080/00016470410004184 The clamp-on plate described by Mennen (1989) was originally developed only for shaft fractures of the forearm. The therapeutic spectrum has subsequently been expanded to include treatment of periprosthetic fractures of the femur (Liu et al. 1995, Otremski et al. 1998, Kamineni and Ware 1999, Kligman and Roffman 1999). Jähnich et al. (2000) described the use of the Mennen plate for humeral shaft nonunions. Kamineni and Ware (1999) treated 2 periprosthetic humeral head fractures after previous shoulder arthroplasty. We describe our experience of 3 such cases. Case 1 An 81-year-old woman suffered a periprosthetic humeral fracture after a fall, 3 years after a cementless shoulder arthroplasty with a bi-rotational head system for a proximal humerus 4-part fracture (Neer IV). The humeral shaft was unstable and radiographs showed a periprosthetic fracture with a nonunion near the tip of the stem, and cranial migration of the prosthesis in the gleno-humeral joint (Figure 1). We used an anterior approach for fixation with two wire cerclages. For further stabilization, a medium-sized Mennen plate was applied to the humeral shaft. Cancellous bone grafts were applied. At 20 months, radiographs showed a complete bony union and there was no pain (Figure 2). The Constant score was 38 points.


Fearnside, P.M. 2003. Climate change impacts in tropical forest: Unfinished controversies over detection and attribution. pp. 48-51 In: C. Rosensweig, O. Canziani, M. Parry, M. Harrison and P. van de Linden (eds.). IPCC Workshop on the Detection and Attribution of the Effects of Climate Change, Goddard Institute for Space. Studies, New York, USA, 17-19 June, 2003. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group II Technical Support Unit, UK Meteorological Office, Exeter, UK. 81 pp


The behavior of kaons and pions in strange quark matter in weak equilibrium, is investigated within the SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio [NJL] model. This work focusses a region of high densities where the behavior of mesons has not been explored in the framework of this model. Besides the usual splitting between charge multiplets, K + , K − ; K 0 , ¯ K 0 and π + , π − , we observe the appearance of low energy modes with quantum numbers of K − , ¯ K 0 and π + , which are excitations of the Fermi sea. For densities above ρ ≃ 4ρ 0 , where the strange quark degree of freedom becomes important , the system shows a tendency to the restoration of flavor symmetry, which manifests itself in vacuum observables as well as in the mesonic behavior. PACS:


The factors which affect the shear force resistance of non web reinforced (NWR) concrete beam were discussed. The calculating formulas of shear force resistance and minimum steel ratio of NWR beam respectively according to Chinese and American Codes were illustrated.The calculating results under different ranks of concrete strenghth were compared. The comparisons indicated that Chiese Code has lower shear force resistance reliability than American Code does under higher concrete strengh.


Ground wave propagation is characteristic of lower frequency bands, as LF (30¿300 kHz) and MF (300¿3000 kHz), and allows the radio coverage of extremely large areas from a single high-power transmitter. The use of these bands has gained interest in the recent years with the definition of digital broadcasting standards, in particular DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) and IBOC (In-Band On-Channel), able to provide one or several high-quality audio services and complementary data services using the RF (Radio Frequency) channels currently employed for analog AM (Amplitude Modulation) broadcasting. Having in mind that the bandwidth of these channels is typically of 9¿10 kHz, it is clear that these new systems are extremely efficient in the use of the spectrum with a minimum infrastructure. The planning of these systems requires the characterization of ground conductivity, as it determines the attenuation of the ground wave. In this paper, a research work carried out in Mexico is described. Its objective is the investigation of the use of remote sensing data and techniques to improve the estimation of ground conductivity, in areas where no measurements are available or can be made.


Porous carbon electrode materials for use in supercapacitors were prepared by carbonization polymer blend method using phenolic resin as the precursor and polyethylene glycol(PEG) as the pyrolyzing polymer.The specific surface area and pore structure were measured by N2 absorption/desorption isotherm.The electrochemical performance of the porous carbon in 1 mol·L-1 Et4NBF4/PC were evaluated with galvanostatic charge/discharge,cyclic voltammetry(CV),and AC impedance spectroscopy,etc.The BET surface area of the porous carbon reaches 618 m2·g-1 and the mesopore ratio is 59.7%.The specific capacitance of porous carbon is 32 F·g-1,and the product also shows good rate and cycling performance.


Ted Glenn Professional Communications in the Public Sector: A Practical Guide Toronto, Canada: Canadian Scholars' Press, 2014Bobby Siu Developing Public Policy: A Practical Guide Toronto, Canada: Canadian Scholars' Press, 2014It is axiomatic that children must learn to walk before they can run, and that we all must learn our alphabets before we can write words and whole sentences. There is even some evidence that politicians should have some experience in elected office or business executives should have spent time as managers before becoming CEOs. That doesn't mean that some people aren't "quick studies" and it certainly doesn't mean that vast, successful work history in one field isn't of great value and can't be seamlessly transferred to advantage when taking up a responsible position in another. Generally speaking, however, it is helpful either to have pertinent experience or, at least, to be willing to undertake a period of instruction as an apprentice in one's chosen trade. That's why lawyers must undergo a year of articling and doctors must complete an internship or a residency before qualifying as a practicing physician or a specialist. It's why bricklayers and plumbers must work as apprentices. In exceptional cases, a poet or novelist may become a fine university president and or a clerk in a patent office may become an unparalleled physicist. It just doesn't happen very often.To ensure that new recruits straight out of school or people hired from other kinds of jobs are given the best opportunities for success, most employers make sure that they are given a certain amount of "on the job" training. Some may be assigned to a "mentor." There may be orientation programs, voluntary or compulsory professional development programs. At the very least, there might be a thick manual, a thin pamphlet, a sheet of paper or an electronic list of "dos" and "don'ts," so that a new employee who makes too many mistakes and is let go can be told on the way out the door: "You should have read the instructions!"For new public sector employers and employees, there is another option. At least for one set of inductees, the Canadian Scholars' Press has published two excellent introductions to the public sector: Ted Glenn's Professional Communications in the Public Sector and Bobby Siu's Developing Public Policy. They are on a list of seventeen "practical guides" that mainly address issues in education, health and social work-the "helping professions. These two, however, are of broad enough scope and interest that they can be highly recommended for "fledgling" public sector professionals or for people changing jobs and requiring a solid practical basis in a new area of activity.Ted Glenn is Professor and Program Coordinator of Public Administration at Humber College in Toronto and a consultant in organizational learning, organizational development, and public sector capacity-building, in Canada and abroad. His Professional Communications in the Public Sector is a first-rate example of a "how-to" instruction guide that will be very useful for people wanting to learn public relations and corporate communications strategies, tactics and techniques. …


The Hub-Spoke Tethered Space Robot Formation System is a new Tethered Formation System, which is formed by a master TSR (Tethered Space Robot) and several sub-TSRs. The control problem of the rotating motion of the Hub-Spoke Tethered Space Robot Formation System is presented in this paper, and a coordinated control strategy is proposed to control the errors of the angle between two neighboring sub-TSRs. Firstly the dynamics of the Hub-Spoke Tethered Space Robot Formation System is discussed based on some simplifications. After that the coordinated control strategy, in which the tether tensions and the torque of the master TSR are used as control values, is described in detail. Finally some detailed numerical simulations are implemented to validate the proposed coordinated control strategy. The simulations results reveal that the proposed coordinated control strategy is capable of improving the control process effectively.


The importance of the theory of Limits in both pure and applied Mathematics is now so generally recognised that there is a good case for bringing together the elements of the subject in a single volume. It is unsatisfactory that the student should pick up his ideas on such a fundamental subject in miscellaneous scraps occurring in chapters on other topics; and it soems very desirable that acquaintance should be made with the general outline of the subject before approaching such particular applications as the theory of infinite series, and the infinitesimal calculus. In order that this hook may be intelligible to students at an early stage of their mathe matical studies, the author has assumed only quite elementary knowledge on the part of the reader. It is therefore hoped that the book will bo of use to those at school no less than to junior university students.


The probability representation of states in standard quantum mechanics where the quantum states are associated with fair probability distributions (instead of wave function or density matrix) is shortly commented and bibliography related to the probability representation is given.


To be successful the complex process of ecosystem‑based management requires management tools that can integrate physical chemical and biological processes modeling tool must function at multiple scales be easily understood by non‑scientist and above all reli‑ ably predict management alternatives. It must address specific questions about bays lagoons or coastal oceans without the ability to predict the cumulative consequences to large marine ecosystems.  This presentation discusses the concept of ecosystem modeling and focuses on two exam‑ ples representing small and medium scale semi‑enclosed marine ecosystems using a modified coastal ocean circulation model (Blumberg and Mellor 1987) . Xincun Lagoon in southeast Hainan Island is a 21�97km 2 ( ~ 6km X ~ 4km) lagoon with a maximum depth of 10�6m and a 120m‑wide outlet to the South China Sea. Xincun City a major fishing port of ~15�000 people is on one shore of the lagoon and the other shore is a wildlife reserve. The adjacent lagoon experienced a dramatic growth up to 230ha of fish pen aquaculture in 1996 followed by a catastrophic decline. The natural circulation in the lagoon combined with increased oxygen demand that was created by the fish pens was the likely reason for the disaster. Reducing the number of fish pens (33ha) and the advent of a pearl and macroalgae culture resulted in a more sustainable aquaculture industry and environment. Data indicated that the surface water quality did not violate China' s National Water Quality Standards but the pens were responsible for an estimated 5�000 tonnes of organic pollutants. Fish pens reduced bottom water and sediment quality. Low quality bottom water also flowed in and out of fish pen area with the tide because of the slow turnover time (up to 90 days) . Further analysis indicated that macroalgae culture on racks and seagrasses act nutrient scrubbers and could play an important role by reducing ecosystem risk of less desirable algal blooms (Rawson ��� ��. 2002) .  The medium scale modeling experiment was conducted on Jiaozhou Bay that is a shallow bay of ~ 400km 2 with an average depth of 7m and maximum of 50m. The adjacent city is Qingdao which is one of China' s largest ports and has a population > 2 million people. Dur‑ ing the period of this study the bay cotained three areas of scallop aquaculture pens. Simu‑ lation experiments with two‑pen stocking densities (12 individual m - 3


Purpose: A school principal's ability to engage with external stakeholders is critical for achieving a range of school objectives such as involving parents, implementing policy mandates, and accessing resources from the school district. This study examines how novice school principals make sense of different external stakeholders' demands and their own role in relation to external stakeholders during their first year on the job. Research Approach: We analyze 53 semistructured interviews conducted with 18 novice principals throughout their first year on the job. We use an iterative process of coding and analysis to identify patterns and verify our findings by ensuring interrater reliability in our coding and examining disconfirming evidence. Findings: We find that novice principals struggle to make sense of external stakeholder claims that they perceive to conflict with their own understanding of the goals and values of the school. In particular, conflicting claims elicit sense-making about a new principal's role vis-à-vis external stakeholders. Across time, a majority of novice principals narrow the scope of their role by coming to terms with taking an unpopular position, setting priorities, and modifying their expectations about the job. Implications for Research and Practice: Our study highlights the cognitive, rather than behavioral, responses that principals have toward conflicting claims. Furthermore, we extend work on the occupational socialization of school principals by showing how conflicting claims shape novice principals emerging understanding of their role vis-à-vis external stakeholders. Our findings have implications for improving principal preparation programs and succession planning.


An attempt was made for the effective utilization of iron ore slime in making of geopolymer mortar along with other industrial wastes fly ash and LD-slag and achieved the appreciable compressive strength results with 8 M NaOH after 28 days at a curing period of 24 h at 55°C.


The grain yields for nine cultivars of spring wheat grown at 11 sites in 5 years in the Central West of New South Wales have been previously analysed. The results suggested that the variability in yield was mainly attributable to a single environmental factor. Four components of annual rainfall are now defined, and it is found that each correlates positively with yield over the 37 trials carried out. The highest correlation is with spring rainfall, defined as the rainfall from 3 weeks before anthesis to 2 weeks after anthesis. Year, site and year x site effects are calculated for yield and for spring rainfall by means of a least-squares procedure. The correlations between rainfall and the mean yield of the nine cultivars are 0.983, 0.947 and 0.782 for year, site and year x site effects respectively, which indicates that spring rainfall or a weather factor closely correlated with spring rainfall is a major determinant of grain yield. An adaptation analysis with spring rainfall as the independent variable is compared with the more conventional analysis involving site mean yield as the independent variable. The former analysis is shown to have the advantage that the relative stabilities of the cultivars can be interpreted in terms of their response to rainfall.


This is the first report of the lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella, to be found in stingless bee, Meliponinae, colonies. Since it is a common pest of honey bees (Apis spp.), its biology and natural history are well known. Here is a short review of basic characteristics for recognizing this pest, plus the information and control methods employed when encountered in stingless bee colonies of the Bee Laboratory of the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.


The current study was aimed at evaluating status of miscarriage among women in Nablus governorate. The study investigated the miscarriage categories, causes and possible associated risk factors. The study population included all pregnant women, suffering from vaginal bleeding, admitted to Rafedia Hospital for the years 1999, 2003 (hospital records) and all cases admitted all hospital concerned in obstetric and gynecology in the city of Nablus during the period January-April 2004. Total number of admitted cases for the year 1999 and 2003 was 412 and 672, respectively. While, total number of women admitted during the first 3 month of the year were 202. The findings of the current study clearly showed a dramatic increase in abortion rate in association with increased maternal age. It was also found that incomplete (43.6%) and missed (23.8%) A ll R ig ht s R es er ve d L ib ra ry o f U ni ve rs ity o f Jo rd an C en te r o f T he si s D ep os it XI miscarriage categories were the most prominent categories among current study population (2004). Similar findings in this regard were observed among admitted cases for the years 1999 and 2003. Differences in miscarriage rates according place of residence were statistically significant (P = 0.001). It was also found that 70.3% of the current study population suffered from previous abortions. Although consanguineous marriages were represented by 46%, none seems to suffer from recurrent abortions, thus excluding a significant role of either genetic or immunological factors. History of chronic disease including diabetes, hypertension and endocrine disorders was found among 45% of current study population. Complications from previous abortions included bleeding; infections and surgery were represented by 20%, 16.8% and 5.8%, respectively. Although 91.6% of the study population reported that they have had medical follow up during pregnancy, the findings strongly indicates low level of pregnancy awareness as 49% reported to have unplanned pregnancies, 40% did not take folic acid and 76.2% report the use of medications. With respect to possible risk factors, 28.7%, 91.1%, 66.3%, 83.7% and 74.3% reported active smoking, passive smoking, recurrent genitourinary tract infection, caffeine consumption and exposure to stress, respectively. Such findings A ll R ig ht s R es er ve d L ib ra ry o f U ni ve rs ity o f Jo rd an C en te r o f T he si s D ep os it XII again confirm the lack of awareness about possible risk factors for miscarriage. In conclusion our findings on miscarriage causes, awareness and risk factors strongly indicates the urgent need for further investigation as well as the implementation of specially designed health promoting programs targeted towards this group. A ll R ig ht s R es er ve d L ib ra ry o f U ni ve rs ity o f Jo rd an C en te r o f T he si s D ep os it


Hypophosphatemia in cancer patients is commonly ascribed to chemotherapy, renal wasting or malnutrition from anorexia and poor PO intake. We report a case caused by rapid cancer cell proliferation. 61-year-old woman with history of marginal zone lymphoma diagnosed in 2017 who presented with fatigue, poor oral intake and undetectable phosphate levels (Phos) for 5 days. Her outpatient medications included Acyclovir 400 mg by mouth daily, Allopurinol 100 mg PO daily and Enoxaparin 60 mg under the skin every 12 hours. Blood work revealed phosphate levels less than1 mg/dl (normal 2.4-4.5mg/dl). Her intact PTH level was normal. Her phosphate level further dropped to <0.3 mg/dl on admission. The initial white blood cell count (WBC) was 41000 cells per cubic millimeter of blood and her phosphate level was < 0.3 mg/dl compared to Phos of 3.3 mg/dl with WBC of 900 cells per cubic millimeter one week prior to the admission. This severe hypophosphatemia required aggressive IV Phosphate treatment of 15 mmol k-Phos every 2 hours for 3 doses and simultaneous PO phosphorus supplementation. 24 hour fraction excretion of Phos was only 1.8%, ruling out renal loss of phosphorus including acyclovir induced renal Phos wasting.. The hypophosphatemia correlated with hyperproliferation of cancerous cells. Therefore, hypophosphatemia might be surrogate biomarker of recurrence of rapidly proliferating hematological malignancy. Phosphate levels can serve as an excellent adjuvant widely available, non-invasive and cost-effective biomarker.


The α-cluster model is extended to study the unfavored α-decay lifetimes around a closed shell. The newly discovered α-decay of 209Bi [Marcillac et al., Nature (London) 422, 2003: 876] and a odd-A N=127 isotones are investigated by the α-cluster model. The experimental decay lifetimes can be reproduced satisfactorily. The application of the α-cluster model to research unfavored α-decays has been proved reliable. The theoretical calculations also reflect the measured α particle preformation factor near magic number (N=126). The α-cluster model is improved by introducing a Z-dependent preformation factor.


During the Oligocene, lateral escape tectonics caused by India's collision with Eurasia started to affect the western part of the Turfan basin, and the Turfan depression was initiated. The depression's subsidence can be explained within the context of lateral escape tectonics. Of interest is that contractional as well as synchronous dilatational tectonics combined to lower the land surface below mean sea level. In the course of lateral escape, transpressional loading from the north and ESE-directed escape of the western part of the Turfan basin took place and continue today (Cunningham et al., 1996). In the western part of the Turfan basin, ongoing extension is a result of relative differences in lateral escape velocities–relatively "slow" escape in the north as a result of restraining bends, and relatively "fast" escape in the south. The northern margin of the Turfan depression is affected by contractional deformation, but at the same time the depression also is located in a domain of extensional faultin...


A knetic study of CH4 partial oxidation was performed using Chemkin Ⅱ simulation package with the GRI,NIST,Alexander and Leeds CH4 oxidation mechanisms,Comparing kinetic simulation results with thermodynamic analysis indicates that GRI_1.2-3.0,NIST and Alexander_0.1-0.3 mechanisms give a reasonable performance in describing CH4 partial oxidation while Alexander_0.4 and the Leeds mechanisms fail to do so.Two distinct reaction zones are observed in the simulation results.which is different from the two-stage concept reported in the literature .Major global reactions within each reaction zone are identified.


The present invention relates to a construction method of the pollution preventing device, and more particularly, the installation and removal of the pollution preventing device which prevents the number of pollution generated during reclamation dredging work in a stream, the shore or sea floor spread to the surrounding river or sea water It is easy, and in the middle of the night relates to a construction method of the pollution preventing device capable of identifying the area of the pollution preventing device. An object of the present invention is the construction time and cost to the installation and removal easier by the combined structure of the pollution preventing device simple, by installing the lighting means to the sub-job plot of anti-pollution (float) by ever be identified at night not only can perform the function of guiding the function and operation of the boundary vessels indicating the area of the pollution preventing device, it is possible to reduce the industrial waste by using recycled plots (float), and Artificial the pollution protection sheath type anchor block is the sea floor as by fixing the protection of fish resources, which can proliferate pollution prevention apparatus and a construction method to provide. In constituting the present invention for achieving the above object is installed pollution preventing device for preventing the number of pollution generated during reclamation dredging work at the shore or the seabed diffused to the surrounding river water or sea water, the pollution preventing device by setting the range to be installed by cutting a makche and sewing a plurality of reinforcing belts (2,4,7), creates pollution prevention film (1), emits the inside lamp 27, a plot 10 of the wonhyeongche be mounted pollution prevention and molding step of the plot produced; The plots (10 bonded / fixed in correspondence to be positioned respectively the fastening pieces 15 and the reinforcing plate 17 of the plot 10 to the upper reinforcing belt (2) of the pollution preventing film (1) transported to the site, and ) plot yeongyeolro Pro 12 to the rope fastening ring 13 formed on both sides of the after interconnection, and plots coupling step of fixing the second locking groove (2a) of the upper reinforcing belt (2); And an anchor block production step of curing by the pollution preventing film (1) Artificial sheath type anchor block 30 so that the anchor block is connected to form the free movement of the mounting and fishery habitat of plankton using Muse aggregate in concrete; The pollution preventing film (1) is the plots 10, bulb 25 is installed a light bulb protective tube 26 of the hollow, and the connector 28 to the lamp 27 is built into the installation area to be identified at night a timer connected to the installation phase of the lighting means arranged to be applied to power source 20 by the outer 21 and the illuminance sensor 22 and a; After lifting the pollution preventing film (1) and the Artificial sheath type anchor block 30 is the illumination means is provided in the construction site of the coast, and interconnected by a length adjustment clip 37 and the wire rope 38, the Artificial sheath type anchor block and (30) made of a material characterized in that the lifting and assembly steps to install in the sea floor.


Glacial accumulative insular heights (Otepaas) some thousands of square kilometres in area form submeridional systems comprising 2-4 units each, possessing a typical hummocky dissected topography and separated from each other by lowlands projecting high above their surroundings. These heights, which have a bedrock plinth and are composed of several till beds with related intermorainic deposits developed in the course of subglacial, englacial, marginal and stagnant ice stages of the continental glaciation. Areal landform complexes of different genesis and size within the heights show a distinct correlation with the absolute site altitude. The topmost parts of the heights are represented by high hummocky topography with a complicated structure of glacial deposits, while the landforms gradually diminish in size towards the lower peripheral areas. The hilly topography, the mosaic pattern of sediments and the weak soil permeability qualities make these heights quite unsuitable for agricultural purposes and were settled by man later than the lowland areas. Their picturesqueness, and above all the abundance of lakes, nevertheless affords them high recreational value.


A new drive has been launched to persuade clinicians to support the multibillion pound computerisation programme of the NHS in England. The initiative comes as a survey by the polling company Medix shows continuing scepticism among doctors over the national programme for IT—key systems of which experienced a technical breakdown over Christmas and the new year.

The survey's finding came just as the "choose and book" system was launched. This system allows a GP to refer a patient for elective treatment at another centre via a computer system (thus booking the appointment direct from the surgery). The new service was not available, however, on the day that the health secretary, Patricia Hewitt, formally launched the government's Patient Choice reform in the NHS. The underlying network had a spate of problems between 18 December and 4 January which affected the electronic booking …


Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program In September 2012, Yale‐New Haven Hospital (YNHH), a 1,000‐bed tertiary care center, acquired the Hospital of St. Raphael's, a 500‐bed community hospital, creating the fourth largest hospital in the United States. Affiliated with the Yale School of Medicine and the Yale School of Nursing, YNHH is a provider of choice for the greater New Haven area. Women's Services, which is comprised of inpatient and outpatient high‐ and low‐risk obstetrics as well as gynecologic services, is provided at both campuses. The merger of two hospitals within a changing obstetric population trending toward outpatient antepartum care required a restructuring of services. Proposed Change The Women's Services Leadership Team launched initiatives to merge the two campuses by using a strategic plan developed by hospital senior nursing leadership for all service lines. This plan provided a framework to operationalize process improvements and included four strategic dimensions with specific strategies: (1) Hardwiring the Common Purpose. Women's services policies across the two campuses were revised by a multidisciplinary team to standardize practice; (2) Optimize Structured Operational Processes. An electronic medical record, barcoding, and fetal central surveillance systems were implemented at both campuses; (3) Expand Effectiveness as a High‐Reliability Organization. A strategic decision was made to combine more than 100 inpatient staff from the labor and birth unit and antepartum unit to increase competence and allow for more efficient use of nursing services. A knowledge assessment was completed by nurses to individualize their education plans using the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric Neonatal Nurses' (AWHONN) Perinatal Orientation and Education Program. Nursing competencies and new hire orientation were also standardized. (4) Maximize Cost and Value Position. Improving the use of services was a consideration in the decision to consolidate antepartum and labor and birth units under one manager. The antepartum manager position was relocated to the growing outpatient area. To reduce duplication, services (such as maternal–fetal medicine [MFM], neonatal intensive care, and ambulatory services) were consolidated. To receive optimal reimbursement and improve the patient experience, a multidisciplinary team was formed to explore patient feedback and develop corrective initiatives. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation Patient survey scores, results of nursing knowledge assessments, and budgetary trends were used to evaluate outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Flexible models that allow for staff to practice across settings facilitate increased flexibility and expand nursing knowledge. This is an example of how nursing leaders are at the forefront of evolving trends in inpatient and ambulatory obstetric care and have a direct effect on care provision.


Using panel data on the level of the 3-digit EKD group in this article we investigate the relation between industrial production and export in Poland and we carry out a decomposition of the sources of production growth. The obtained empirical results suggest that at the basis of this relation lie both differences in the productivity between firms of export orientation and domestic orientation as well as external effects generated by the export sector. Decomposition of the sources of growth reveals that the differences in productivity contribute in a greater degree to the growth of industrial production than external effects.


By using and adopting FLUENT software,separate implicit solvers and standard k-e turbulence model as well as hybrid grids,a CFD numerical analysis of the three-dimensional flow field of a centrifugal fan is conducted.The calculation reveals that although the speed of the fan's internal flow field is evenly distributed without obvious spiral or occurrence of secondary flow,the smoothness of the fan's internal flow field is poor and needs to be improved.


We quantified native fish densities along a depth-temperature gradient within a tem- perate-tropical marine transition zone (North Carolina continental shelf) to examine the role of depth and temperature in structuring these communities. We also examined the distribution of in- vasive lionfish (Pterois volitans, P. miles) to evaluate a laboratory-derived thermal minimum for lion- fish. We collected year-round continuous bottom water temperature data from 2000 to 2010 and sur- veyed lionfish (2004 to 2010), conspicuous fishes (2006 to 2010) and cryptic smaller-bodied fishes (2007 to 2010) at depths from 5 to 46 m using SCUBA. Bottom water temperatures were constant across the depth gradient during summer and increased from inshore to offshore during winter. The conspicuous fish community was structured by 3 depth zones, 5-14, 15-37 and 38-46 m, that corre- sponded with winter mean temperatures of 13.9, 17.9 and 20.9°C, respectively. The cryptic fish community was structured by 4 depth zones, 5-15, 18-24, 27-38.5 and 39.5-46 m, with correspon- ding winter mean bottom temperatures of 13.8, 15.6, 18.7 and 20.9°C. In contrast, summer tempera- tures were not important in structuring either the conspicuous or the cryptic fish community. Thus, fish communities in the spring/summer appear to be structured by the pattern of bottom water tem- perature experienced the previous winter, supporting previous studies that indicate winter mini- mum temperature is important for determining fish distribution and abundance in temperate marine ecosystems. In addition, the deeper fish communities were dominated by tropical species. Lionfish, a tropical species, was found in the highest densities from 38 to 46 m and present in loca- tions with a winter mean of 15.3°C and higher. Increasing temperatures could favor a potential ex- pansion of invasive lionfish and native tropical species into the nearshore waters on the North Car- olina shelf, resulting in unforeseen community structure and trophic disruptions.


The article examines the limits set on educational policies by political power, the ideologies of actors represented in the relationship government/opposition in the political-institutional arena, as well as the predominant dynamics between social movement and political response in education. Considering "politics" as a framework, the article analyzes the evolution of educational policies in Chile in the period 1990-2010 (equivalent to four terms of office of the same center-leftist coalition) and their impact on coverage, quality and equity of the school system, and also considers Chilean society' attitude towards education and its political effects. Finally, the paper refers to some structural results that educational policies did not look for.


To overcome energy crisis and global warming, the SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) systems have attracted significant attention in recent years. Besides being emission-free, the energy coming from the SPV energy is available in abundance in the nature. In addition, it offers a solution for power supply in remote areas which are not accessible by the utility grid, and in the countries that lack in fossil-based resources. In addition, the solar PV energy is not available almost two third period of the day in a typical SPV generating system and its power converter is not utilized when there is no solar PV energy and normally it is switched off in order to reduce its losses. This leads to poor utilization of the power converters involved in the grid interfaced SPV system. Therefore, in order to utilize the power converters for whole day, these power converters may be used as active shunt compensators at PCC (Point of Common Coupling) in the distribution system. Moreover, many single-phase distributed nonlinear loads and other modern electrical products in three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire distribution systems are widely used in residential and office buildings at PCC. These nonlinear loads result in poor PQ (Power Quality) in terms of poor power factor, load unbalancing, harmonics and excessive neutral current at AC mains. In view of these PQ issues of connected nonlinear loads at PCC, these power converters of SPV generating systems are used for additional functions of reactive power compensation, load balancing, harmonics elimination and neutral current mitigation for power factor correction at AC mains resulting in reduction in losses and improved utilization of distribution systems. In addition, it may offset part of the cost of SPV generating systems. The proposed grid interfaced SPV generating system consists of SPV array with DC-DC boost converter to track MPP (Maximum Power Point) and a three-leg or four-leg VSC (Voltage Source Converter) to feed DC power to AC grid. The output power of PV array with MPPT is fed to the DC-DC boost converter in order to boost the output voltage of the PV array and to feed the active power to DC link of VSC. The VSC is used for DC-AC conversion and it also provides the functions of an active shunt compensator at PCC in the distribution system. When the solar intensity is reduced to zero, the VSC (Voltage Source Converter) can still be utilized for power quality improvement. At full sun, the grid interfaced SPV system under consideration can supply the load and simultaneously solves the problems of harmonics, unbalanced loads and reactive power in a 3-phase, 3-wire and neutral current in 4wire distribution systems. Moreover, the load leveling may be achieved as per the requirement of the peak load period and lean load period, with the battery energy storage through charging and discharging of the electric vehicle (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) which have a new feature in smart grid distribution system along with grid interfaced solar PV array. With the energy transfer from the grid to electric vehicle and electric vehicle to grid, the concept of smart grid may be visualized. One can transfer energy from PHEV to the grid when it is parked in peak hours and can take energy back from the grid in lean hours. Existing SPV power generating systems are suffering with key technical challenges which effect quality of power. These are voltage fluctuations, harmonics, reactive power, electromagnetic interference, switching, synchronization, low power factor, storage system and load management. Along with these problems, the optimum use of the SPV power generating system may be achieved for load leveling, and to improve the performance of the grid in terms of efficiency, active power control, tracking of variable renewable energy sources, load balancing and current harmonics filtering. These are the key challenges to act upon in order to optimal use of grid interfaced solar PV array system. In this thesis, the analysis, design, control and implementation of various three phase configurations of the SPV power generating system are carried out for power quality improvement in three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire distribution systems with load compensation and without load compensation. The other major emphasis of the investigation has been on novel control algorithms and an efficient operation. Based on these considerations, a wide range of control algorithms with electric vehicle integration to the grid for SPV power generating systems are analyzed, designed, modelled and their performance is evaluated in detail. The V2G technology may offer improve the performance of the traditional electricity grid in areas such as efficiency, stability, and reliability. A V2G-capable Electric vehicle/plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) offers reactive power compensation, active power regulation, tracking of variable renewable energy sources, load balancing, and current harmonic filtering. Various control algorithms and configurations have been developed for validation of the simulated performance of SPV power generating system.


In order to prevent the propagation of computer worms effectively, based on the latent character of worms, the exposed compartments of computer and USB device are introduced respectively, and a series of computer worm propagation models with saturation incidence rate are proposed. The qualitative behavior of the proposed model is studied. Firstly, the threshold R 0 of the model is derived by using the next-generation matrix method, which completely characterized the stability of disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. If R 0 < 1, the disease free equilibrium is asymptotically stable, implying that the worm dies out eventually and its attack remains under control; if R 0 > 1, the asymptotic stability of endemic equilibrium under certain conditions is proved, which means that the worm is always persistent and uncontrollable under such conditions. Secondly, the theoretical results are verified by numerical study, in which the relative importance of each parameter in worm prevalence is evaluated by sensitivity analysis. Finally, so as to minimize the number of computer and USB device carrying computer worms in short span of time, the worm propagation model is extended to incorporate three control strategies. The Pontryagin's maximum principle is used to characterize the controls' optimal levels. According to the control effect diagram, the combined strategy is effective in minimizing the transmission dynamics of worm virus in computer and USB devices populations respectively.


Pancreatic cancer is often a fatal disease due to its poor response to existing therapies. Thus new therapeutic approaches must be developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of pancreatic cell lines to adenovirus-mediated transduction and to determine the expression of surface coxsackie B and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Five human pancreatic cancer cell lines were transduced using a recombinant adenovirus type 5 expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (Ad5EGFP) and the expression of EGFP was analysed by flow cytometry. The cell lines varied in transduction efficiency, ranging from less than 1% to more than 30% cells expressing EGFP and susceptibility of cell lines to Ad5EGFP transduction has a positive correlation with the level of surface CAR expression and its presence may be a limiting step for efficient adenovirus transduction. These results suggest that gene therapy of pancreatic tumours is feasible, but then the status of CAR expression in the tumour needs to be evaluated.


The findings of an April 1994 national telephone survey of 503 high school students (252 males and 251 females) conducted by Roper Starch Worldwide were summarized. Although only 12% felt pressure to have sex with their peers and 78% reported having sex because they wanted to, over 50% of sexually active respondents also reported wishing they had waited. 62% of girls and 48% of boys wished they had waited until they were older before having their first sexual intercourse. Over 33% of respondents reported sexual activity. 25% had had oral sex and 4% had experienced anal sex. Only 8% reported no sexual experience whatsoever. More than 75% reported sexual activities such as deep kissing and petting. 75% indicated use of birth control always or most of the time. 80% used condoms all or most of the time. 57% used condoms to prevent AIDS or sexually transmitted diseases. 59% always used condoms to prevent AIDS or sexually transmitted diseases. 59% always used birth control. Those sexually active and not always using birth control indicated that the reason was unavailability of contraceptives at the time. 66% supported condom distribution in the schools. Age at first intercourse among sexually active youth averaged just under 15 years. 40% had their first experience at 14 years of age or younger. 2.7% was the average number of sexual partners among all sexually active youth. 21% had had 4 or more partners. 9 out of 10 adolescents with sexual experience found that sex was pleasurable. 81% of boys and 59% of girls agreed that sex was a pleasurable experience. 75% agreed to feeling good about sex education classes. 58% had classes in junior high school; 56% reported high school classes. Only 5% had sex education every year in school. The focus of most programs was on AIDS, abstinence, and contraception. 68% of girls and only 48% of boys felt comfortable talking with their parents about sex. 71% of girls and 45% of boys agreed that their last sexual experience was related to "being in love."


With the digitalization of data and the rise of the World Wide Web, access to information has been very easy and affordable. Especially the Web and the Internet have boosted research activities by facilitating access to large, publicly available medical datasets. These developments have resulted in explosive amounts of data being generated varying in volume, variety, and velocity thus referred to as big data. The availability of such medical big data has catalyzed the research in medical predictive analytics. However, the true value of such data can be derived only after subjecting it to careful processing and analysis before drawing inferences from it. Publicly available medical datasets have noise in the form of missing values, outliers, and data inconsistencies, that may affect the results or outcomes negatively. Pre-processing of such data is essential to eliminate noisy elements and refine the data to be suitable for further analysis and processing. This paper signifies the need for data pre-processing and explains the data pre-processing pipeline with various underlying stages constituting it. It also presents a comparative analysis of various data pre-processing techniques for handling missing values and outliers in a dataset.


Paddy planting is a local culture and the way of life for many Malaysians especially for villagers. The cultivation of paddy is also the main traditional livelihood in Southeast Asia. Recently, a collective effort to increase paddy yield in Malaysia has been launched between the Muda Agriculture Development Authority (MADA), Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) and the Agriculture Department in the effort to decrease the need to import rice. This paper analyses three factors affecting paddy production in Malaysia starting from the year 1986 to 2011. In this empirical analysis, a model consists of three independent variables; area harvested, labour and value of imports, has been constructed to show which determinant has more influence on paddy production. The Cobb - Douglas Production Function was used to determine the relationships between these variables and paddy production. The analysis was conducted using E-Views 6 based on several tests such as the Unit Root Test and Diagnostic Test to examine the regression problem and establish the relationships between the variables as mentioned. The findings show that labour has a negative relationship with paddy production while area harvested and imports were positively with paddy production. In assessing the stability of the data in the model, it was found that there is no multicollinearity and no existence of autocorrelation. Based on these results, it has been concluded that the most contributing factor is area harvested which has major effect towards paddy production in Malaysia.


We present a point cloud segmentation scheme based on estimated surface normals and local point connectivity, that operates on unstructured point cloud data. We can segment a point cloud into disconnected components as well as piecewise smooth components as needed. Given that the performance of the segmentation routine depends on the quality of the surface normal approximation, we also propose an improved surface normal approximation method based on recasting the popular principal component analysis formulation as a constrained least squares problem. The new approach is robust to singularities in the data, such as corners and edges, and also incorporates data denoising in a manner similar to planar moving least squares.


e15790 Background: Most pancreatic carcinomas (PC) occur in older people, however a few cases are detected in young adults. In this age group, the carcinogenic process is less well understood. Our goal was to identify and to characterize cancer driver genes in early age onset PC. Methods: Somatic variants of individuals affected by PC aged ≤45 years were searched in the COSMIC and CBioPortal databases. The variants were annotated using Oncotator, excluding the silent and intronic variants. Implication in cancer causality was evaluated in the Cancer Gene Census (CGC) and the Candidate Cancer Gene Database (CCGD). The most frequently mutated genes were identified and investigated to determine if they configured FrequentLy mutAted GeneS (FLAGs). Results: Whole genome (4) or exome (29) sequencing was available from 33 individuals (14 females and 19 males). A median of 31 (7-102) alterations per tumor, mainly represented by C > T substitutions (median 16, 2-71), was detected. A median of 3 (0-11) truncated alterations, 4 (1-13) genes cataloged as CGC and 8 (1-22) genes cataloged as CCGD rank A or B was identified per tumor. The most frequently affected genes were those characteristic of tumor promotion in pancreatic cancer carcinogenesis, such as KRAS (79%), TP53 (64%), SMAD4 (18%), followed by RYR1 (15%) and TTN (12%) genes, the latter two classified as FLAGs and, finally, HERC2, GREB1 and DMBT1 (9%). Seventeen samples presented variants in both TP53 and KRAS (17/33), 9 and 4 presented only KRAS or TP53 variants, respectively. Three samples with mutations in neither of these genes presented mutations in genes such as BCLAF1, DCC, BRAF, CDH11 and CDKN2A, both CGCs. Three out of 9 samples carrying KRAS but not TP53 mutations presented variants in DNA homologous repair (HHR) genes. Among all the altered genes, the main biological processes were cell adhesion (139 genes involved) and anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis (127), while the most enriched pathways were Wnt (45) and Cadherin (30). Conclusions: TP53 and KRAS are the somatic mutations most frequently detected in PC. 10% of the samples showed no change in these genes, but showed changes in other CGCs. HERC2, GREB1 and DMBT1 are potential cancer drivers in young adult PCs.


It is extremely difficult to evaluate the scientific production of neuro science in Brazil from the point of view of quantitative as well as qualitative. Nowadays, there is no doubt that there have been considerable research scenery changes in Brazil, especially from the international impact. The purpose of the present study is make a provocative dis cussion regarding differences between vocation of true researcher and researchers associated to the industry and academy. Within the competitive environment, we believe that the vocation of the researcher should prevail but, no doubt, will suffer influence from the marketing, with repercussion on the professional decision. At present there are still scientific leaders that look for personal interests causing damage in the real potential of the future researchers.


Issue tracking systems allow users to report bugs. Bug reports often contain product name, product component, description, and severity. Based on such information, triagers often manually prioritize the bug reports for investigation. However, manual prioritization is time consuming and cumbersome. DRONE is an automated state-of-the-art approach that recommends the priority level information of the bug reports. However, its performance for all levels of priorities is not uniform and may be improved. To this end, in this paper, we propose an emotion-based automatic approach to predict the priority for a report. First, we exploit natural language processing techniques to preprocess the bug report. Second, we identify the emotion-words that are involved in the description of the bug report and assign it an emotion value. Third, we create a feature vector for the bug report and predict its priority with a machine learning classifier that is trained with history data collected from the Internet. We evaluate the proposed approach on Eclipse open-source projects and the results of the cross-project evaluation suggest that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art. On average, it improves the F1 score by more than 6%.


Summary

Chronic nasal congestion is a common symptom of persistent allergic rhinitis and is less easy to resolve than the neurally mediated symptoms of nasal itch and sneeze. It is considered to be a result of inflammatory processes, in particular the persistent inflammatory response linked to the late phase after allergen exposure. Current understanding of the involvement of the various late-phase mediators in the development of nasal congestion is derived from the measurement of inflammatory mediators in nasal lavage fluid of allergic rhinitis sufferers, nasal biopsy and nasal challenge studies. Studies of this type have highlighted the importance of the various late-phase inflammatory mediators, including histamine. This review focuses on the complex late-response inflammatory processes thought to underlie the pathogenesis of chronic nasal congestion, and discusses the recent evidence for the action of some antihistamines at various stages of the late-phase allergic cascade.


Late last year renowned educational researcher Professor John Hattie was appointed Chair of the Board of the Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership (AITSL). Professor Hattie is probably best known for his book Visible Learning, which puts together information from 800,000 research studies on student achievement. In this exclusive interview with IE, Professor Hattie discusses what he plans to achieve at the AITSL helm.


Objective. The objective of the article is the analysis of the state and features of e-government development in the world in 2010-2020.

Methods. The following methods and techniques of cognition are used in the research process: theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, grouping.

Results. According to the results of the study, it is substantiated that the most representative and authoritative among the indicators that allow to assess the level of development of e-government is the indicator of EGDI; this indicator is calculated on the basis of three complex indicators: the volume and quality of online services, the development of online services (OSI), the state of development of telecommunications infrastructure (TII), human capital (HCI); the EGDI value varies from 0 to 1, where 0 is the minimum value, and 1 is the maximum one. Countries of the world are differentiated according to the value of EGDI into four groups: countries with a very high and high level of e-government development, countries with medium and low level of e-government development. It is established that in 2010-2020: the level of development of e-government in the world increased (if in 2010 the average EGDI in the world was 0,45, in 2020 it was 0,6); there were significant country and macro-regional asymmetries and disparities in the development of e-government. It is substantiated that the undisputed leader among macro-regions in terms of development and speed of transformations aimed at the development of e-government was Europe, the outsider was Africa; the most significant success in the development of e-government in the world was achieved in ensuring the development of human capital, the least — in ensuring the development of telecommunications infrastructure, although the most dynamic transformations in macro-regions were in this direction. Among the countries with the greatest success in the development of e-government were Denmark, the Republic of Korea, Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Netherlands; the smallest — Eritrea, CAR, Chad, Niger, Guinea-Bissau.


According to the different requirements from the power system operation, this study focused on the operation characteristics of vanadium redox flow battery by experimental means and theoretical analysis. The factors which influence the efficiency of battery energy storage system were identified and analyzed based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. The paper points out that under the circumstance of scaled application of redox flow battery, over-potential has great influence on energy efficiency especially at high charge/discharge current density. The loss of shunt current and self-discharge is the main factor that influences the coulomb efficiency during the use of spinning reserve. And proper use of charge/discharge modes can improve the work efficiency of battery energy storage system. This study is helpful to further theoretical research on battery energy storage technology and supplies plenty of data and references to pilot projects.


Results of the combined therapy of psoriasis with usage of Kartalin cream in combined with «Imunofan» are presented in the article. 30 patients with various clinical forms of psoriasis received a therapy course with Imunofan solution within 10 days (then «Imunofan» was prescribed in rectal suppositories for 5-10 days) and Kartalin cream 2 times a day. All patients had full retrogress of rashes or appreciable clinical improvement. Conclusions: the combined treatment of «Imunofan» and «Kartalin» allowed to reach fast positive clinical effect and to refuse usage of glucocorticosteroids.


The study was conducted to see whether the results of learning mathematics students are taught using cooperative learning model STAD higher than conventional learning models taught on the logarithmic material in class X SMA Negeri 8 Medan. This study includes a kind of quasi experiment. The sample of this study is class X-2 as the experimental class A applied cooperative learning model type STAD And class X-1 as experimental class B applied conventional learning model. From the research results obtained that the average of pretest experiment class A 36,8 and postes 82,1 while experiment class B has an average of pretes 35,9 and postes 75,1. By using statistical test t on level = 0,05 In proving the hypothesis is obtained =3,147 and =1,667 due to price > , Means that H a is accepted, then it is concluded that the results of learning mathematics students are taught by using cooperative learning model STAD higher than conventional learning models in class X SMA Negeri 8 Medan school year 2013/2014.


According to the extensive literature, many factors affect the stock market by either direct way or indirect way. This study aims to investigate the adverse impacts of fiscal policy and monetary policies on stock market in Mongolia by using monthly data over the period January 2003 to December 2017 and applying a vector-autoregressive (VAR) model, with the predictions that fiscal crowding-out effect and too high policy rate would lower the stock price and stocks traded value. The empirical analysis in this study indicates that stock price and stocks traded value respond negatively to the shocks of policy rate and government securities traded value, respectively. In other words, the accumulated government debt and too high policy rate have crowded out the private investments in stock market and lowered the stock price by increasing riskiness of stocks or reducing the firms' net worth, which is consistent with the main predictions of this study. Therefore, to enhance the contribution of stock market for sustainable economic growth, government and authorities need to engage in implementing macro prudent and sound economic policies from the long-term perspective. When government securities are considered as a fiscal policy tool, it is significant for government to reduce the accumulated government debt and obtain the normalization of domestic bond yield through improving tax-based financing rather than government debt financing. Regarding the monetary policy, it is crucial to obtain the benchmark policy rate among Asian economies with addressing significant factors affecting the high policy rate including macroeconomic condition, balance of payment, exchange rate fluctuations, financial intermediation, and deposit holders base.


long-standing problem facing clinicians caring for atients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is he scarcity of robust clinical evidence on which to base herapeutic decisions. For most interventions, there are o randomized controlled trial data. Rather, much of the iterature consists of retrospective observational studies ith historical controls. Individual referral centers with pecialist interest have tended to develop their particular pproaches to patient management and, even when more han one option is available for consideration, have ended to focus on a single choice. Once local experience onvinces investigators that a particular treatment is arranted (albeit by way of comparison with historical ontrols), the opportunity to perform randomized studies as effectively been missed.


This article seeks to determine the critical success factors for franchised restaurants entering the Kenyan market from the customers' perspective. We used a quantitative methodology by taking a survey. The respondents were identified using convenience sampling. A sample of 389 franchised restaurant customers was drawn and a response rate of 98.7% was obtained. It is suggested that the critical success factors for franchised restaurants from customers' perspective include good and consistent products and product range (menu mix), competent staff who were clean, warm, courteous and welcoming, a pleasant and clean atmosphere, reasonable and stable prices of products and a convenient location with efficient service. This paper has added value in theory by identifying the critical success factors for franchised restaurants entering the Kenyan market from customers' perspective. The findings can be used by restaurant franchises that seek to establish successful businesses in the Kenyan market and other similar regional markets.


Symbol timing recovery is a process of recovering the optimal sampling time that corresponds to the maximum opening of the eye diagram. Most of the existing algorithms for the timing recovery of GMSK signals are either data aided or have large computational complexity. In this paper we present a low complexity, feedback and non-data aided timing recovery scheme for GMSK signals. This technique is based on the Gardner's timing error detector. Gardner's timing error detector was actually proposed for PSK signals with raised cosine pulse shapes but we show that it can be successfully applied on the CPM signals as well. The open loop statistical S-curve is computed to show the controlled and stable close loop performance


With the advent of LED lights as well as lighting systems that have communication capabilities, new lighting setups and scenarios have become possible. New standards of the ZigBee Cluster Library (ZCL) in lighting systems describe the protocols for controlling and monitoring devices in such systems. In this paper we examine the problem of bridging this ZigBee domain to the IP domain such as allowing standardized access and easy integration of advanced lighting scenarios. We define two access levels for the bridging: a message-based API, which translates the protocol and which allows integration in arbitrary networked environments and an HTTP interface that gives access to an embedded web application for direct control purposes. We show a realization of this design on a prototype board of ZigBee and IP modules along with measurements on response times.


Nanotechnology found various applications in every field. Scientist and researchers did hard work to involve nanotechnology in medical science. This work brings so many methods to heal the numerous cancer by effective way. The nanotechnology is not limited to only treatment and drug delivery; it can be used for diagnosis purpose also. In this article various methods of diagnosis and treatment are given. Recently the scientists of Houston Methodist Research Institute invent Inject ablenanoparticle generator which gives astounding results in cancer treatment. Keyword-nanoparticles, cancer, diagnosis.


Mannans have been isolated from cells of the following Candida species: C. albicans (serotype A), C. albicans (serotype B), C. parapsilosis, C. stellatoidea, and C. tropicalis. Methylation and hydrolysis of each mannan yielded the following methyl ethers of d-mannose (with only small variations in the relative amounts): 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-d-mannose, 3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-d-mannose (major), 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-d-mannose (minor), 2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-d-mannose (minor), 3,4-di-O-methyl-d-mannose, and 3,5-di-O-methyl-d-mannose. The mannans therefore contained a predominance of 1 → 2 linkages in the linear portions, with smaller amounts of 1 → 6 and 1 → 3 linkages. Branching occurred through C-2 and C-6 of d-mannopyranose and d-mannofuranose units, and branches were terminated by d-mannopyranose units. The specific rotations of the mannans indicated that most of the glycosidic linkages were in the α configuration. The structural studies support the observation that the mannans are very similar serologically and ...


Association between tuberous sclerosis and intracranial aneurysms is not well established and is at best suspicious. Sporadic cases of incidentally detected unruptured single, anterior circulation aneurysms have been reported in the literature in cases of typical tuberous sclerosis. We herein describe an unrecognised case of atypical tuberous sclerosis with bilateral PCom aneurysms which was diagnosed retrospectively while evaluating an unexplained intracranial hemorrhage with third nerve palsy. We intend this case would again strengthen a possible association between TS and intracranial aneurysms and lead to a systematic larger prospective/retrospective analysis.


The invention relates to a method for realizing coded identifier logarithm likelihood ratio. Wherein, it comprises: a, based one each coded identifier, obtaining the corrected Oldham distance between modulation identifier vector of coded identifier and received receiving coded identifier, when the coded identifier is 0 or 1; b, based on the corrected Oldham distance of step a, obtaining the logarithm likelihood ratio of coded identifier. The inventive logarithm likelihood ratio is more accurate, to decode with improved demodulation and receiving properties of system. The invention also discloses a relative device, which comprise: first Oldham distance calculating module, second Oldham distance calculating module and logarithm likelihood ratio calculating module.


The HP-9825A desktop programmable calculator, priced at $5900, offers powerful features usually found in higher-priced mini-computers. It is designed for engineering, research, and statistics and as a stand-alone computing tool.


Gender differences in employee perceptions of the social support they received from sources in a multicultural organization are explored using a sample of employees born in Mexico and El Salvador currently working in the United States. Men reported receiving significantly more help with personal problems, praise, and job‐related help than women reported receiving. The relationship between emotional acculturative stress and perceived social support also was explored. Women experienced significantly more emotional acculturative stress than men reported. Intraorganimtional social support was unrelated to the emotional acculturative stress of women. Social support in the form of praise was significantly related to men's emotional acculturative stress.


In this article the authors discuss the ways in which the use of media objects in architecture and art-design allows to easily adjust the space scenario depending on fast changing needs. The researchers consider the materials exploited for creating the media objects as well as present the classification of the media technologies in comparison to their interaction with people.


In this paper, we introduce the IaaS "PriArmor" (Privacy Armor) solution for privacy preservation in the cloud. This approach allows the data owner (tenant and/or end users) to define his privacy requirements and to include regulations policy based on a privacy ontology model that captures all privacy concepts related to the data access and usage in the cloud. The PriArmor approach allows the enforcement of usage control requirements at a low level using a System Call Interception (SCI) technique that enables detecting the intention for policy breaching and inhibiting it. Moreover, the PriArmor approach introduces a data flow model that tracks private data and reflects the existence of derived data through the system to maintain a strong enforcement level. The performed evaluation proves the efficiency of our approach for ensuring policy enforcement in the cloud environment.


We present a 61-year-old Chinese female who had a history of angioinvasive follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) treated with total thyroidectomy 16 years ago, without radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment who now presents with de novo pretibial myxedema (PTM) followed by active severe Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) requiring pulse steroids and radiotherapy.


: Pizza containing 5 and 10% ground flaxseed was prepared and stored in frozen for 3 months at -18  C along with control. Chemical changes in pizza fat characteristic (acid, peroxide and TBA values) and sensory properties were mentored through the period of storage. The results proved that the acid value was 0.6, 1.08 and 0.9 mg KOH/ gm fat for control and that with 5 and 10% ground flaxseed, respectively at zero time. It increased in all samples with storage with highest values in the third month but without any significant differences. Peroxide value followed the same trend as acid value. However, the difference with control was significant and non significant between 5 and 10% ground flaxseed containing pizza. TBA number was 0.51, 0.27 and 0.25 mg malonaldehyde/ kg fat for control and both ground flaxseed treatments. The difference was significant between control and treatments. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value increased significantly with increasing the storage time in all samples comparing with control. It was 2.2, 0.81 and 0.72 mg malonaldehyde/ kg fat for control and that with 5 and 10% ground flaxseed, respectively. All sensory properties of pizza with ground flaxseed were reduced with flaxseed level and storage time compared to control. The decrease was marked in the texture, taste and color. There was no significant difference in overall acceptability between control and that with 5% ground flaxseed. Therefore, it is possible to prepare pizza up to 5% ground flaxseed comparable to wheat flour pizza


(1) If there is an indecomposable representation of dimension v, then v is a root. (2) If v is a real root, then there is a unique (up to an isomorphism) indecomposable representation of dimension v. (3) If v is primitive (meaning that GCD(vi) = 1) and there is an indecomposable representation of dimension v, then pv, the number of parameters for the isomorphism classes of indecomposable representations, equals


Chung Wen-Yin's writing distributes fine and tiny aromas; the writing style carries deep romantic feminine colors which is a form of pure contemplation to approaching life's pattern. It presents like a Bohemia roamer who is lonely and peculiar to stride the life's unique journey; the quality of her words are elegant and is worth reading. She can be rated as a unique fictionist among Chinese female authors. In her original writing type, the female characteristic stroke became her motif of feminine writing, it presents a lot of peculiar feminine exquisite in the compositions, no matter if it's the detailed description of the family's memories or women's experience to life transformation etc. it was destabilized against major tradition mainstream and deposits the private narration and women's position on the centre-stage.Chung Wen-Yin's writing strategy is to declare the subjective existed via "feminine voice" and to reverse the woman "object" dumbness and imprisonment below patriarchy is the structuring of the society; then emphasize heterogeneity and ambiguity of women's wording. This dissertation will be presented via Chung Wen-Yin's "My Solitude" and "Apart from Love", the two different forms of writing to interpret the detailed description force and elaboration, the text's aesthetics meaning and affection. The feminine narrative habitually Epistolary/Diary form reveals the art of aesthetics and the author uses Epistolary as narrative technique to ingeniously combine feminine writing's private, catholic and carry frivolously and loquacity characteristics. This writing model can be rewritten with the past tradition narrative rule via this narrative tune which transmits women's power voice, the feminine writing powerful practice strategy. This dissertation will be a form of feminine writing's theory contexts, the perspective author at the rich and multivariate narrative analysis to exhibit feminine narrative aesthetics.


Based on the profitability,liquidity,security and growth of the joint-stock commercial bank,by using the principal component analysis method,five indicators based on 12 joint-stock commercial bank's 2011 annual data were selected,and comprehensive analysis of their business performance was conducted.The research results show that,the joint-stock commercial banks have to improve their own ability to further improve operational performance,so as to achieve good operating results in a dominant position in the joint-stock commercial banks.


T HREE objectives are generally recognized in the department of music: to train teachers, to train performers, and to develop appreciation in so-called "amateurs." Data from the blanks on which application for admission is made by entering Freshmen indicate that the appreciation aspect is the most important, although music schools and departments of music almost without exception stress performance or, less frequently, teacher training. Of the 3,502 students whose complete records were available in the junior deans' offices at Ohio State University, 439, or 41 per cent, had taken music of some sort either within or without the curriculum in high school. Since this proportion was fairly constant throughout the several colleges of the university, as is shown in Table I, it is probably significant for colleges elsewhere. The larger percentage in Education is due to the fact that the Department of Music is a part of that college. The smaller percentage in Engineering results because fewer opportunities are given boys than girls to take music in high school. Band, orchestra, or some form of instrumental music was mentioned by 43 per cent of those who had taken music; glee club or chorus by 48 per cent; the remainder had had history of music, appreciation, operetta, and so forth. Less than one-fourth of these students continue music in any form whatsoever in college, even


The Rule of Law, which is the essential foundation of a just and responsive system of government, requires settled and just laws, fairly administered without fear or favour, for its observance and advancement. Such laws must offer protection to individual citizens and their rights, and especially to the rights of those who belong to minorities or are otherwise disadvantaged as well as opportunities for personal and national social and economic development.


The paper considers development of soft computing agents (SCA) via a fuzzy paradigm into its narrower class: fuzzy intelligent agents (FA). As a synergy between soft computing technology and intelligent agents SCA take advantages of flexible interpretation of the first and autonomous functioning of the second. Although the fuzzy intelligent agent narrows its tools to the fuzzy paradigm it still makes clear the basis of the fuzzy seeking strategy. The investigation is focused on information FA using such a strategy. A promising advance in optimal routing marks ant-based intelligent agents. The practice of swarm oriented agents SOA investigates a great majority of perspective decisions that are clarified using a pheromone-like strategy. A drawback of this approach is the rather intensive information exchange that forms optimal decisions. We propose a similar swarm-oriented strategy based on the fuzzy paradigm. In comparison with SOA it has two advantages: (i) significant decrease of information exchange due to single swarm flooding after service activation; (ii) customer oriented preferences by service implementation. The strategy is applied for creation of information FA in optimal routing tasks. These agents provide timely, consistent, and qualitative information to the node soliciting services. In such a way the bottleneck in the chain of information decision-state refreshing is decreased.


When manufacturing large parts, the operator often face the problem in all regions closer to the inclined surface higher. The present invention provides an apparatus and method for climbing an inclined surface, wherein the plurality of steps is attached to the flexible support member may for example be provided by the pad. The present invention finds particular application in a wind turbine to facilitate manufacturing, for example, when the multilayer glass fibers must be laid to the wall of the mold during.


A randomized and controlled field study was performed in canine patients to evaluate the efficacy of selamectin in the treatment of naturally occurring Sarcoptes scabiei and Otodectes cynotis infestations in dogs. A total of 227 dogs from six veterinary practices in South Korea were included. Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment with selamectin or a positive-control product. Selamectin was administered as a unit dose providing a minimum of 6 mg/kg in a topical preparation applied to the skin in a single spot on days 0 and 30 [S. scabiei (n = 113) and O. cynotis (n = 114)]. The presence of parasites was assessed before treatment and at 14, 30 and 60 days after the initiation of treatment. The animals were evaluated clinically at each assessment period. Based on skin scrapings, the efficacy of selamectin against S. scabiei infestations on dogs was >95% by day 30, and 100% by day 60. Against O. cynotis, selamectin eliminated mites in 100% of dogs by day 60. However, clinical signs of pruritus, erythema, scale, and crusted papules did not diminish concomittantly with resolution of S. scabiei in skin scrapings. The positive-control products achieved similar results. Therefore, selamectin was safe and effective against sarcoptic mange and ear mites in dogs.

Funding: Pfizer Animal Health.


Using geophysical data for recognising targets for testing and accurately mapping the geology are equally dependent on petrophysics, which constitutes a link between the geologist's largely mineralogical 'view' of the Earth and the geophysicist's physics-based 'view'. The availability of portable petrophysical instruments and spectral scanners allow co-located multiple geochemical, mineralogical and physical property measurements and allow larger volumes of petrophysical property data to be collected, and in a better geological context, than has been possible in the past. Many rock physical properties are heterogeneous and a large number of data is required. Accurate interpretation of the data requires analysis of the data as populations and in the context of all of lithology, alteration, stratigraphy and spatial location. This requires close integration of the petrophysical data with the geochemical and mineralogical data. A recommended interpretation workflow will be demonstrated using two examples: ultramafic rocks from greenstone terrains and carbonate successions hosting base-metal mineralisation.


Crystal structures for [Pd(L–L)2][PF6]2(L–L = bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline or 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) were determined: a variety of ligand distortions and stacking interactions were found.


Educational innovations in Singapore have reached fruition. It is now important to consider different innovations and issues that enable innovations to scale and become widespread. This proposition paper outlines two views of scaling and its relation to education systems. We argue that a linear model used in the medical field stresses top-down replication of a "gold standard" to multiple contexts. This view is similar to scaling in centralized education settings. A project-oriented view stresses bottom-up spreading or diffusing innovations from localized settings to wider contexts. This view is more aligned with scaling in decentralized education systems. Instead of top-down or bottom-up views of scaling, this paper proposes an ecological model of scaling from a system's perspective. It emphasizes a sufficing standard that considers top-down and bottom-up structures as well as qualitative and quantitative dimensions. Accommodations are made to populate different innovations across the system. Top-down supports are given to enable bottom-up innovations. Qualitative dimensions in the form of tacit understandings are more important than replicating explicit or procedural knowledge. The spreading of education innovations is cultivated by nurturing professional learning communities, communities of practices, and keeping tabs of their growth within the system as well as identifying areas for improvement through quantitative, baseline studies.


An integrated membrane biofilm reactor was applied to intermittently treat rural domestic wastewater.The results suggested that the method that adopted the millipore filtration had strong impact resistance on load copacities,and could be highly automated operation;under the conditions of anaerobic treatment for 1.5 h,aeration and discharge treatment for 4 h,DO in reactor 3~4 mg/L and fill ratio 0.33,the average values of CODcr,NH3-N,TN,TP and turbidity in effluent were 38.00 mg/L,2.82 mg/L,10.50 mg/L,0.39 mg/L and 1.55 NTU,respectively;and the average removal rates were 79.1%,83.5%,58.0%,81.3% and 98.6%,respectively.The reactor formed lots of microbial populations in high trophic level,the food chain was long and overlapped that presented a network structure,it guaranteed the stable treatmeat effects and strong impact resistance on load capacities.


Synovial sarcoma represents around 3% of all soft tissue sarcomas. but only 3-10% of them are found in head and neck area. They appear mostly as biphasic, whereas monophasic type is rare and represents greater differentially diagnostic problem because of its similarity, both in histological and in cytological presentation, to some other well differentiated mesenchymal tumors, firstly fibrosarcoma. It has characteristic chromosomal translocation t(X ; 18). Adult fibrosarcoma is also a rare tumor, it represents around 3% of all sarcomas, it doesn't have specific genelic abnormality, and is characterized by multiple chromosomal disturbances. Female patient O.M. 67 years old, called in because of the pain in the throat and temporomandibular area. Ultrasound and computerized tomography revealed expansive formation spreading in the right sublingual and submandibular region, with penetration into vallecula epiglollidis and recessus piriformis, 5 cm in diameter. FNA with immunocytochemistry (reaction positive to vimentin and negative to desmin, SMA, NSE, CD31, CD34, CD117, EMA) set the diagnosis of well differentiated mesenchymal tumor: well differenciated fibrosarcoma or MFH. After surgical excision patohistological finding was following: sarcoma- diff.dg.: monophasic synovial sarcoma or well differentiated fibrosarcoma. Our conclusion is that, since the final answer in subclassification of malignant soft tissue tumors cannot always be given by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, further cytogenetic and molecular analyses necessary.


There are four levels of schema structures in multidatabase systems. Multidatabase global users can only access global schemas. But the final answer should be obtained from local database systems. So, schema mappings, which represent the transformation and integration from local schemas to export schemas and from export schemas to global schemas, should be established. This paper gives an approach of schema mapping in multidatabase systems and uses a schema mapping tree to store and express these mappings.


Power line interference can highly impair a biomedical recording. Notch filters have been propounded to repress power line interference. In this paper, a second order digital notch filter for the reduction of the fundamental power line interference component in electrocardiogram (ECG) recording is furnished. The digital notch filter is uniquely specified by two distinguished parameters, the notch filter frequency and 3dB rejection bandwidth. To this end, a real ECG waveform from MIT-BIH database which contains the normal and abnormal waveforms is depraved by an artificial power line interference. The filtered signal after applying digital notch filter is compared with the real ECG waveform. Results demonstrate that power line interference of ECG are eliminated effectively by using this digital notch filter. Interference deletion can be accomplished continuously and quickly even if the conditions of interference are varying with time or frequency. The results are obtained from the digital notch filter and calculated performance parameter like Means Square Error (MSE), power spectrums density and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the noisy and filtered electrocardiogram waveforms.


Logo is an important part of graphic art design. With the continuous development and innovation of science and technology, the era of digital media has come, and the connotation and expression of logo has become more and more abundant. Traditional logo design can no longer meet the needs of social development in some circumstances. Logo design in digital media is more in line with the trend of the times, and logo design is gradually developing towards a more diverse direction, showing a diversified development trend. Based on the analysis of the background of digital media, this paper explores the multi-form performance art of logo. 1. Overview and characteristics of multi-modality performance of digital media and logo Digital media emerges with the continuous progress of science and technology and social productivity. Popularly speaking, digital media is to visualize specific information through certain technical means so that people can intuitively feel their existence through human senses such as vision and hearing, so as to obtain better artistic expression effect. As a medium of information dissemination, digital media can acquire, transform and disseminate information through its own artistic expression. Logo's multi-form expression is a specific artistic expression method in logo design. Logo is the original carrier, and the information contained in logo can be broken through by innovative artistic techniques in structure or color matching. Integrate with other factors contained in the logo, so as to achieve the expected publicity effect. The exploration of logo's multi-form expression is a bold innovation to the creation of logo in traditional form, and it has a very deep connotation. The multiform expression of logo is a symbol system created by some specific artistic expression techniques. However, no matter how it changes, this multi-form form of expression has a basic matrix, and all other expression effects are based on it. This matrix is derived from the framework, no matter what kind of artistic transformation they have obvious characteristics of the matrix. There are not only similarities in appearance between parent and child graphics, but also closer internal relations between them. Compared with the traditional form of solidified logo design, the multi-modality of logo in digital media has obvious advantages. The multi-modality of logo can more vividly express the cultural value and artistic connotation of the brand to consumers. With the continuous progress of human society, logo design also has a more substantial development. Since entering the modern society, with the great improvement of productivity, traditional logo design has been unable to meet people's needs. On the premise that logo design has basic functions, people have begun to pursue more creative and humanistic forms of expression. This also greatly promotes the development of logo's multi-form performance art. Its characteristics are as follows: (1) Morphological diversity The manifestation of various forms is one of the most basic characteristics of multi-form logo. This mainly refers to the fact that designers no longer use a single logo to represent the spiritual outlook of products in a series of designs. When designing, they use a combination of various ways, such as using words, pictures, colors and other techniques to reflect a logo. Content, forming a visual combination. But this kind of multi-form is only an innovative thinking of the designer, but it presents a harmonious and natural unity in the concrete visual communication. Under such multiform, it is easier to attract the audience's eyes, and it is not easy to produce aesthetic fatigue because of single appearance. 2019 3rd International Workshop on Arts, Culture, Literature and Language (IWACLL 2019) Copyright © (2019) Francis Academic Press, UK DOI: 10.25236/iwacll.2019.037 174 (2) Good adaptability The adaptability of multi-form logo is also multi-faceted, and it has strong adaptability. In this era of digital media, our science and technology are constantly developing and progressing, and people's requirements for consumption are also improved. Therefore, the adaptability of multi-form logo emerges at the historic moment. With the demand of the market, the traditional design concept has been changed. The multi-form logo combines different elements, and then forms a logo that caters to the public through change and innovation. The logo design of demand psychology. (3)Clear communication Now is the era of the Internet, society is an interconnected and inseparable whole. Multiformed logo design needs to reflect interaction and communication. Designers'design is not only the theme of outstanding performance, but also the interactive communication with consumers. They should integrate the feelings of the audience into the design and accurately grasp the users' inner needs. The design is more emotional and humanized. For example, logo of our common tourist community, most of them give people not only a sign, but also an experience, so that visitors can feel warm. Such a design reflects the communication with consumers and brings unparalleled feelings to the audience, so that information can be better conveyed. (4) Good performance The traditional logo design reflects the designer's idea may be single, limited by the logo itself, and conveys intuitive and visible to the naked eye. However, with the continuous progress of society, the design of a good logo should convey a variety of ideas, such as the logo design of children's products should not only be interesting, but also reflect the educational significance; the logo design of real estate should not only reflect the needs of housing, but also create a warm atmosphere for consumers. Now society advocates energy conservation and environmental protection, so if a good logo can reflect the concept of environmental protection, it will be sought after. Now the design of multi-form logo can be embodied by multiple means, so the performance of logo is better than traditional design, which is in line with the trend of the times, but also the embodiment of creative thinking ability of logo designers. 2. Multi-formed presentation of logo in digital media In the era of digital media, the presentation of logo is multi-modal, which also requires a combination of various means of expression. Concentrating on the use of different elements, reflecting the design concept is no longer single, which is also an innovation in the new era. Previous logo designs are mostly intuitive and can be clearly expressed at a glance, but many of the concepts of designers have not been conveyed. The multiform presentation of logo is mainly embodied in the following aspects: (1) Color First of all, logo design can be colorful, using a combination of colors to show the vitality of the design. Of course, the design should also be specific analysis of specific issues, to clarify what kind of products, or under what background the logo design, but also according to the psychological characteristics of consumers to express, the use of a variety of colors should be reasonable. (2) Picture A good logo design requires careful design. Designers can use multiple pictures to present different visual effects. Such logo avoids the visual singularity, easily arouses the curiosity of the audience, and is not easy to produce visual aesthetic fatigue because of singleness. (3) Text. Logo is the most common use of text. In the era of digital media, the design of text should be more diversified, the presentation of text is different, and the visual feelings of the audience are also different. The design of text can be bold and open, but also can express ideas. This is also a challenge for designers in the new era.


Prompt recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes in bulk and on the surface of photocatalysts harshly impedes the photocatalytic efficiency. However, the simultaneous manipulation of photocharges in the two locations is challenging. Herein, the synchronous promotion of bulk and surface separation of photoinduced charges for prominent CO2 photoreduction by coupling macroscopic spontaneous polarization and surface oxygen vacancies (OVs) of BiOIO3 single crystals is reported. The oriented growth of BiOIO3 single‐crystal nanostrips along the [001] direction, ensuing substantial well‐aligned IO3 polar units, renders a large enhancement for the macroscopic polarization electric field, which is capable of driving the rapid separation and migration of charges from bulk to surface. Meanwhile the introduction of surface OVs establishes a local electric field for charge migration to catalytic sites on the surface of BiOIO3 nanostrips. Highly polarized BiOIO3 nanostrips with ample OVs demonstrate outstanding CO2 reduction activity for CO production with a rate of 17.33 µmol g−1 h−1 (approximately ten times enhancement) without any sacrificial agents or cocatalysts, being one of the best CO2 reduction photocatalysts in the gas–solid system reported so far. This work provides an integrated solution to governing charge movement behavior on the basis of collaborative polarization from bulk and surface.


The invention relates to a roller cage with two interconnectable cage parts (10, 20, 30). It is to be found a stable, easy to install and cost effective solution for a rolling element cage. According to the invention it is proposed that the connectable cage parts (10, 20, 30) each part pockets (11, 21) forming the base body (16, 26) and some part of pockets (11, 21) of the connectable cage parts (10, 20, 30) in the connected state are aligned. With distinctive Zusammensteckbarkeit a special stability is ensured, with a total of the variety of components is reduced.