Indonesia needs 5.8 million new entrepreneurs to achieve an ideal entrepreneurial ratio of 4% of the population. The need to create new entrepreneurs has led many educational institutions to include entrepreneurship education in their curriculum. Entrepreneurship education is a development activity for those who want to try or become entrepreneurs and activities to improve understanding and knowledge of entrepreneurship (Fitriati and Hermiati, 2010). The goal of entrepreneurship education is so that learners learn to understand entrepreneurship, learn to have if entrepreneurship, and learn to be entrepreneur (Heinonen and Poikkijoki, 2006). Entrepreneurship education remains in debate on the extent to which entrepreneurship education has an influence on learners, the accuracy and effectiveness of entrepreneurship teaching methods, and the debate on whether entrepreneurship can be taught. This study aims to analyze whether the entrepreneurship education conducted has an impact to arouse students' entrepreneurial intentions. Subjects in this study are students of Entrepreneurship class. Concept operationalization is done by adopting Mohamad et al (2015) research. Data analysis technique uses Different T-Test Differences. Result showed that there was no significant difference in the intention of entrepreneurship of learners. Therefore, a more thorough research on the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in developing the entrepreneurship aspirations of learners, and the evaluation of teachers, curriculum and methods of implementation of entrepreneurship classes should be conducted.Keywords: entreprenuship, entreprenurship education, entreprenurial intention, effectiveness


Category floods play an important role in the forecasting of flood,reservior operation and during the watershed management.First,the model of Nanjing point category floods through the projection pursuit for the lower reaches of Yangtze River is built,then the question is solved by genetic algorithms.And at last,it takes projection pursuit recognition of the existing flood to identify types of ownership.Through examples of calculation,it proves that the way of classification floods has an important role in the classification.Based on classification,it can improve the real-time flood forecasting certainty and accuracy,reduce blindness,which is of great significance for flood prevention and disaster reduction.


In CTW90], the ATMS resolution mechanisms have been formalized, using the concept of DK-tree. We propose in this paper a new and simple approach based on the xed point theory and an original demonstration of the completeness of these mechanisms. We rst introduce the basic deenitions of terms, sets and functions which are used in the paper and build a lattice. Then, the basic formal tools to describe the ATMS mechanisms are introduced: The notion of DK-Clash (in fact, the inference rule), and a monotonic function, which represents the deduction process and whose least xed point corresponds to the output of an ATMS. We prove the soundness and the completeness (for speciic clauses) of these mechanisms. This demonstration brings to light an original and interesting property, whose applications are discussed at the end of the paper.


Did private mortgage securitization contribute causally to the recent subprime lending boom, or was it simply a slightly more convenient way to finance lending that would have occurred anyway? We exploit a natural experiment in which the S&P rating agency increased costs of securitizing specific types of mortgages from certain states. We find significant reductions in total originations of affected mortgage types following the change, suggesting that securitization played a causal role in fueling mortgage expansion. We also, however, find suggestive evidence for an increase in mortgages held on books of financial institutions that partially offset the restriction of securitization.


The vast majority of near-neutral pH SCC cracks on pipelines are shallow, and many appear to be dormant as indicated by a heavily corroded and blunted crack-tip region. These apparently dormant cracks typically penetrate approximately 10% of the wall thickness. Beyond this limit the laboratory and field observations demonstrated that the environment is the dominating parameter to determine the crack growth rates of these shallow cracks. However, a small fraction (


Single crystals of nonlinear optical material 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one were successfully grown for the first time by slow evaporation method up to a dimension 25 x 15 x 2 mm3. Optical studies such as UV-Visible, energy band gap, refractive index, second harmonic efficiency have been performed. The UV-Visible spectrum reveals that the crystal is transparent in the entire visible region and absorption takes place in the UV-region. Using UV-Vis data, the energy band gap was found and it shows an energy band gap of 2.7eV for this material. The refractive index was measured using Brewster's angle method. The Kurtz powder second harmonic generation test shows that the compound is a potential candidate for photonic applications. From the I-V measurements the dc conductivity of these crystals has been studied and it is found to be very low. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity of a grown single crystal have been studied in the frequency range 120Hz to 100 kHz at the room temperature and proper interpretations were drawn. The micro hardness test was carried out and the load dependence hardness was studied.


Pre-Raphaelites Victorian avant-garde Tate Britain 12 September 2012–13 January 2013

The curators of this large multimedia exhibition have attempted to present the Pre-Raphaelite artists as Britain's first modern art movement, hence the subtitle 'Victorian avant-garde'. One of the curators, Alison Smith says 'I wanted to show them as modern artists rather than soft romantics'.

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood began in 1848 with just three young men as its founder members. Rossetti, Holman Hunt, and Millais rebelled against the standard teachings of the Royal Academy. They wanted to return to clean lines and took pre-renaissance art as their example. …


CuAl-polyester composite powders were prepared by mechanical mixing fine polyester powders and CuAl alloy powders with irregular shape.This mixed powder and a commercial CuAl-polyester Metco 605 NS were used for depositing abradable sealing coatings by atmosphere plasma spraying.Sliding wear tests against Ti6Al4 Valloy at different temperatures were conducted on the two kinds of sealing coatings to compare their abradability.The results show that at room temperature and 200℃,the coatings obtained from the mixed powder have friction coefficients about 0.4and smooth wear scars,as well as better abradability than the coatings deposited by the commercial powder.While at400℃,adhesive spalling and abrasive wear are observed in Ti6Al4 V,and the friction coefficients of both coatings increase and are unstable which should be attributed to the burn of polyester and the densification of the coatings,as well as the point contact mode of the wear tests which is apt to generate higher Hertzian stress.


This paper deals with the historical geography of Sophene — it aims to determine its original territory and geopolitical developments from Hellenistic times to the eve of the Arab conquests. To achieve this goal, a wide range of sources have been examined with regard to geographical (and ethnographical) information on Sophene — Greek and Latin geographical and ethnographical texts, Greek and Latin historiographical accounts, Byzantine legislations, and finally Armenian writings.In the light of the available data, the heartland of Hellenistic Sophene was located in the triangle marked by the Euphrates (in the west), the Munzur Mountains (in the north), and the Tauros (in the south). This territory includes the modern Dersim (Tunceli), the lower Murat valley (on either side of the river), and the Elazig plain, and coincides with the center of the pre-Hellenistic — Suppani. As a political entity Sophene expanded its territory, and especially its expansion in the northeast (including Balabitene and Asthianene...


The meaning of the adjective ἀμιστύλλeυτος in the syntagm κραδίην ... ἀμιστύλλeυτον of Proclus, hymn. 7. 11, is here discussed. Some interpreters bring it back to the philosophical terminology as quality of the indivisible νοῦς, on the basis of a passage of Proclus himself (from the Chaldaic Oracles) and some of Damascius. On the other hand, others have noticed a discrepancy between the philosophical use and that of the Hymn. A solution can be found in the fact that the term belongs to a lexical family well represented in contexts of sacrifice and therefore Proclus makes use of this specific adjective because it reads the story of the legendary dismemberment of Dionysus by the Titans as a sacrificial practice.


Kunming city, and is one of the largest surface water bodies in Yunnan province. It once was one of the main water sources for municipal water supply. Unfortunately, it has been heavily polluted since the late 1980s, which exacerbated the water shortage of Kunming. Kunming is located within a karst faulted basin, which is a unique landform. Hundreds of karst springs exist in this basin. These karst springs are now the other main water sources for municipal purposes for the city and most are used by the municipal water supply systems. Karst water contributes around 50% of the drinking water in Kunming.


The invention relates to a wide-dynamic-range high-temperature superconducting magnetometer comprising a superconducting quantum probe, a liquid nitrogen Dewar flask, a readout circuit, a data collection system and a micro-processor, wherein the superconducting quantum probe is arranged in a Helmholtz coil, more particularly, the superconducting quantum probe is connected with the Helmholtz coil via the liquid nitrogen Dewar flask, the readout circuit, the data collection system, the micro-processor, a constant-current source gear-selecting circuit and an adjustable constant-current source; and the readout circuit is formed by connecting a signal processing circuit with the constant-current source gear-selecting circuit. By using the standard magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil, part of the external magnetic field to be measured can be neutralized, and the value of the residual magnetic field to be measured after neutralization can be always within the dynamic range of the high-temperature superconducting magnetometer, the actual value of the magnetic field to be measured can be obtained by adding the value of the neutralized magnetic field to the detection value of the high-temperature superconducting magnetometer, thus preventing the sensitivity and accuracy of the high-temperature superconducting magnetometer from being reduced, widening the dynamic range thereof and meeting the operation requirements thereof within various measurement environments. Above all, the high-temperature superconducting magnetometer is suitable for the geophysical exploration in field sections where the electromagnetic interference is high.


According to the training plans for undergraduates in the 21st century of Nanjing Agricultural University, a system of testing the synthetic professional ability of the undergraduates of Plant Protection Specialty in advanced agricultural academies was designed . Different stockpiles of test questions for different specialized subjects were established. The system and the stockpiles were used to test the senior students who have studied their own specialized and kernel subjects for two successive years. The results showed that this system has played a good role in evaluating, guiding and promoting teaching quality and cultivating high quality undergraduates.


The paper presents an automatic takeoff control system for a general aviation research aircraft, specifically a modified Diamond Aircraft Industries DA42 M-NG. The takeoff system is part of a modular control architecture, capable of full automatic flight from takeoff to landing. To conduct the takeoff, functionalities provided by existing modules of the control system were efficiently utilized. In the design, emphasis was placed on a safe activation and automatic abort criteria. The takeoff maneuver was split into distinct phases, which were implemented as states in a state machine. For each phase, the control modes and transition criteria are presented in detail. The proposed system was successfully demonstrated in several flight tests. The results show the performance of the system under real operating conditions. Building on an existing automatic control system, it is demonstrated that the automation of a takeoff can be accomplished without the need for dedicated controller design.


Neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) regulates oligodendrocyte (OLG) differentiation by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Exposure of OLGs to NT‐3 induces a significant increase in the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP). However, we found that this stimulation occurs in the absence of measurable effects on MBP gene promoter activation or mRNA expression, suggesting that NT‐3 upregulates MBP protein expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Furthermore, NT‐3 also causes an increase in the levels of myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) and myelin OLG glycoprotein (MOG), raising the possibility of a more general effect on myelin protein synthesis. Surprisingly, 35S‐methionine incorporation into total OLG proteins demonstrated a 50% increase in labeling following only a brief, 15‐min treatment with NT‐3. Such a remarkably fast response is unlikely due to transcriptional activation, reinforcing the possibility that NT‐3 may play a crucial role in regulating protein expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. In support of this idea, we found that NT‐3 stimulates the phosphorylation of essential regulators of the initiation machinery, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), and its inhibitory binding partner 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1), two crucial players in controlling cap‐dependent protein synthesis. This stimulation involves the activation of pathways mediated by ERK1/2 and PI3K/mTOR, implicating these two kinase systems as modulators of protein synthesis in developing OLGs. Altogether, these observations show for the first time that NT‐3 has the capacity of targeting the translational machinery and suggest a potential stimulatory effect of this neurotrophin on myelination by direct action on protein translation in the OLGs. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Blurring edge of the infrared image is not conducive to human eye observation. In order to improve the visual effect of infrared image and the visibility of infrared image, the theory of fractal Brown is used to enhance infrared image in this paper. Fractal Brown Random(FBR) with the nature of random field shows that small area of the image meet the self-similarity, but the regularity of the boundary of the area is broken, therefore the occurrence of singular boundary value H, infrared image gray surface roughness is described. First calculating the fractal parameters of the image of each pixel, according to the visual sensitive characteristic of the human eyes to classify pixel of an image, which are classified as smooth points and details, and then the pixel are respective weighted enhance. According to the experiment we know that enhanced image highlighted the contour of an object which can obtain a good visual effect. Because the visual characteristic is fully considered in this method, the problem of poor visibility blurred edges of infrared images can be solved.


There are individual differences in human tactile sensation, but it is not clear what causes these differences. One possible cause is the varying mechanical properties of the skin. To unravel this, we focused on the skin-propagated vibration characteristics and vibrotactile sensitivity. First, we measured the skin-propagated vibration of the fingertip for 28 participants and then conducted a cluster analysis to determine how the transfer function of the skin vibration differs among participants, estimating mechanical parameters based on the mechanical model. The results indicated that the transfer functions could be grouped according to the magnitude of the high-frequency gain. Subsequently, the detection thresholds for the 200 and 450 Hz vibrotactile stimulation were measured. The correlation analysis between the gain and the detection threshold showed a statistically significant correlation at 450 Hz. The results suggest that individual differences in human perception are influenced by the mechanical differences in the skin as well as the cognitive processing.


37.5°. In the sample of extemal tissue fat analysed, (+ )-14-methylhexadecanoic acid constitutes not less than 0-2% of the total fatty acids. Examination ofother fractions frommutton fat is in progress, and the evidence already accumulated suggests that appreciable quantities of branched-chain acids are present. The work now reported establishes that certain branched-chain acids isolated from wool grease (Weitkamp, 1945) and presumably secreted by the sebaceous glands ofthe sheep are also present in the extemal tissue fat, and possibly in the other fatty tissues of this animal. SUMMARY


Objective To study the chemical components in the volatile oil from the leaf of Epimedium wushanense T.Ying.Methods The volatile oil from the leaf of Epimedium wushanense T.Ying.was extracted by the method of water vapor distillation.The chemical components in volatile oil were analysed and identified by GC-MS system.Results 34 chemical components were identified,which accounted for 90.36% in total components of volatile oil.Conclusion The chemical components in the volatile oil from the leaf of Epimedium wushanense T.Ying.were mainly carboxylic acid(33.36%),ketone(21.79%),alkane(19.03%),alcohol(12.92%),alkynes(1.2%)and so on.


The asymptotic signal bandwidth of various kinds of large-scale asynchronous Time Hopping Impulse Radio Ultra-Wide Band (TH-IR UWB) communication networks such that multiple access interference can be negligible with respect to output noise with high probability is derived. The asynchronous TH-IR UWB communication networks consist of n nodes distributed in a cube (three-dimension) or on a square (two-dimension) according to a Poisson point process. The theoretic results indicate that the obtained asymptotic bandwidth of IR-UWB signal is in proportion to the number of nodes, and that the asymptotic bandwidth of IR-UWB signal of dense network is much more than that of extended network. The results also reveal that the asymptotic bandwidth of three-dimensional network is less than that of two-dimensional network assuming that the number of nodes in the networks and the distance loss exponent are the same. As the bandwidth of IR-UWB signal satisfies the obtained theoretic bandwidth, the expression of probability of error of multi-node network is simplified to that of single node network.


referral and first infusion. Evaluation of outcome measures including IBD flare symptoms, corticosteroid use, and healthcare utilization is ongoing. Primary outcomes were the number of new-starts and adherence to infusible biologics during the pandemic. Infusions administered beyond 3 days for induction dosing and 7 days for maintenance dosing were considered delayed. Results: There were 258 patients (122 IFX, 136 VDZ) and 222 patients (99 IFX, 123 VDZ) initiated on infusible biologics in 2020 and 2019, respectively [Table 1]. Median time from referral to first infusion was 33 days (IQR 23-50) in 2020, compared to 29 days (IQR 22-45) in 2019 (p50.08). A total of 859 infusions were administered from January 1st to June 30th, 2020 and 713 infusions were administered in the same time period in 2019. Infusion delays were experienced by 70 (27%) patients in 2020 and 61 (27%) patients in 2019 (p50.93). There were 104 (12%) delayed infusions in 2020 and 71 (10%) delayed infusions in 2019 (p50.18) [Figure 1]. No significant differences in induction infusion delays (11% in 2020 vs. 9% in 2019, p50.42) or maintenance infusion delays (18% in 2020 vs. 13% in 2019, p50.24) year-over-year were seen. Conclusion: We observed a comparable number of patients initiated on IFX and VDZ in 2020 versus the previous year. Additionally, there were no significant delays in therapy. Even with global challenges in the provision of healthcare services, the outpatient gastroenterology physician clinics were able to successfully treat patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.


The Saga of Dharmapuri by O.V. Vijayan is a dystopian fantasy set in the imaginary country of Dharmapuri, which could be a depiction of India or any other newly independent country in the post-colonial era. Mikhail Bakhtin in his treatise Rabelais and his World (1965) justifies the use of Grotesque Realism, a literary trope that allows the author to move away from the conventions of propriety and decency to convey messages that are real and powerful nevertheless. Usually exaggeration and hyperbole are key elements of this style. Through the centuries, literature has often been a medium through which contemporary concerns have been transmitted. This paper argues that O.V. Vijayan uses Grotesque Realism in his novel to depict the political, social and economic condition of India of the 1970sspecifically a country that was under emergency. Like all dystopian fables, The Saga of Dharmapuri has been prophetic in anticipating some of the social issues that we face even today. The paper aims at examining how Vijayan uses explicit language and scatological and sexual imagery so as to achieve this sense of realism within his


This experiment was carried to investigate the optimum time and times of abscisic acid (ABA) treatment for the coloration in `Kyoho` grapes. The L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activities were showed highly in both ABA treatments at veraison and 10 days after veraison. However, PAL enzyme was slightly higher in ABA treatment at 10 days after veraison than in that at veraison. Anthocyanin content showed a tendency that were increased during fruit development after veraison in all treatments, and was the highest in ABA treatment at 10 days after veraison. Fructose and glucose as soluble sugars were detected by HPLC and showed little differences in all treatments. In times of ABA treatment, PAL activity showed a tendency that decreased after increased in all treatments. PAL activity in 2 times treatment of ABA was higher than other treatments. Also, anthocyanin content was highest in 2 times treatment of ABA, as 5 folds of control and folds of 1 time treatment of ABA. Both fructose and glucose contents in all ABA treatments was slightly higher than control.


The distribution models of wind speed data are essential to assess the potential wind speed energy because they decrease the uncertainty in estimating wind energy output. Therefore, before performing a detailed potential energy analysis, the precise distribution model for data relating to wind speed must be found. This research contains material from numerous goodness-of-fit tests, such as Kolmogorov–Simonov, Anderson–Darling, chi-square, root mean square error, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion, which were combined finally to determine the wind speed of the best-fitted distribution. The suggested method collectively makes each criterion. This method was useful in statistically fitting 14 distribution models to wind speed data collected at four sites in Pakistan. The consequences show that this method provides the best source for selecting the most suitable wind speed statistical distribution. Also, the graphical representation is consistent with the analytical consequences. This research presents three estimation methods that can be used to calculate the different distributions used to estimate the wind. In the suggested maximum likelihood method, method of moments, and maximum likelihood estimation, the third-order moment used in the wind energy formula is a crucial function because it contributes to the precise estimate of wind energy. In order to prove the presence of the suggested method of moments, it was compared with well-known estimation methods, such as the method of linear moments and maximum likelihood estimation. In the relative analysis, given several goodness-of-fit tests, the presentation of the considered techniques is estimated based on the actual wind speed evaluated in different periods. The results show that the method of moments provides a more precise estimation than other commonly used methods for estimating wind energy based on the 14 distributions. Therefore, the method of moments can be a better technique for assessing wind energy.


Let h > 2. The set A of integers is an asymptotic basis of order h if every sufficiently large integer can be represented as the sum of h elements of A. If A is an asymptotic basis of order h such that no proper subset of A is an asymptotic basis of order h, then the asymptotic basis A is minimal. It follows that if A is minimal, then for every element a A there must be infinitely many positive integers n, each of whose representations as a sum of h elements of A includes the number a as a summand. St0hr [6] introduced the concept of minimal asymptotic basis, and Hirtter [2] proved that minimal asymptotic bases of order h exist for all h > 2. Erd0s and Nathanson [1] have reviewed recent progress in the study of minimal asymptotic bases. For any set A of integers, the counting function of A, denoted A(x), is defined by A(x) card((a All < a < x )). If A is an asymptotic basis of order h, then A(x) > cxx for some constant cx > 0 and all x sufficiently large. For every h > 2, Nathanson [3], [4] has constructed minimal asymptotic bases that are "thin" in the sense that A(x) < c2x/h for some c2 > 0 and all x sufficiently large. Let A be a set of integers. The lower asymptotic density of A, denoted dL(A), is defined by dL(A)= liminfx_ooA(x)/x. If a limx_ooA(x)/x exists, then a is called the asymptotic density of A, and denoted d(A). Nathanson and Strk/Szy [5] proved that if A is a minimal asymptotic basis of order h, then d(A) <_ 1lb. In this paper we construct for each h >_ 2 a class of minimal asymptotic bases A of order h with d(A)= 1lb. This result is best possible in the sense that it gives the "fattest" examples of minimal asymptotic bases. We also prove that for every a (0,1/(2h 2)) there exists a minimal asymptotic basis A of order h with d(A) a.


Recent research has shown that alignment between the structure of graph data and the geometry of an embedding space is crucial for learning high-quality representations of the data. The uniform geometry of Euclidean and hyperbolic spaces allows for representing graphs with uniform geometric and topological features, such as grids and hierarchies, with minimal distortion. However, real-world graph data is characterized by multiple types of geometric and topological features, necessitating more sophisticated geometric embedding spaces. In this work, we utilize the Riemannian symmetric space of symmetric positive definite matrices (SPD) to construct graph neural networks that can robustly handle complex graphs. To do this, we develop an innovative library that leverages the SPD gyrocalculus tools \cite{lopez2021gyroSPD} to implement the building blocks of five popular graph neural networks in SPD. Experimental results demonstrate that our graph neural networks in SPD substantially outperform their counterparts in Euclidean and hyperbolic spaces, as well as the Cartesian product thereof, on complex graphs for node and graph classification tasks. We release the library and datasets at \url{https://github.com/andyweizhao/SPD4GNNs}.


amino-oxytocin and one thousandth of the activity of oxytocin. Also, all these compounds had some antidiuretic activity in the ethanol-anesthetized hydrated rat. One must conclude that biological effects typical of the neurohypophysial hormones can be induced by structural analogues which do not contain a disulfide group and therefore lack the ability to establish a disulfide bond with the receptor by thiol-disulfide interchange. Regardless of the specific activity of these analogues, the results indicate that a disulfide interchange reaction is not obligatory in the formation of the hormone-receptor complex or in its functional role. The earlier evidence for the functional significance of the disulfide group of neurohypophysial hormones and the thiol-disulfide interchange hypothesis will need reassessment in the light of these results.


The author presents a simulation of thyristor converters in a high-level language MATLAB. The simulation features nonlinearity, nonuniform firing, and the commutations. Some applications, such as a current regulation analysis, an analysis of the converter frequency characteristics, and an analysis of the power line disturbance effect for a thyristor converter magnet driver, are also outlined.<<ETX>>


Keywords: polygon ; piecewise linear ; ring-width of polygons Note: Professor Pach's number: [051] Reference DCG-ARTICLE-1989-003doi:10.2307/2323971 Record created on 2008-11-14, modified on 2017-05-12


Digitizing coordinates plate is treated in two modes. In a first mode, operation is similar to digitizing tablets known computer "mouse", allows the user to move the cursor in the display to select a button, and controlled by the map coordinates to the display area of the monitor. In the second mode, digitizing tablet coordinates (in particular generated by the pen movement) is mapped to the input area of the graphic interface of a computer program designed to receive handwritten input. Selecting between the first mode and the second mode is performed by a switch or by a coordinate input manually or automatically by analyzing the digitized field detector and digital touch-sensitive region separated.


Background Insufficient attention has been paid to the health problems of school‐age children in sub‐Saharan Africa. A questionnaire administered to schoolchildren about their ill‐health has been developed to identify schools in which urinary schistosomiasis occurs. The data collected during the interviews can also be used to assess other common health problems.


This creative writing piece explores relationships and the traces they leave passing through the land. Corrine Fitzpatrick and Eileen Myles chronicle their friendship in and around New York City, with material and virtual stops in Seattle, San Diego, Iceland, and San Francisco. This is a conversation.


This paper presents a scalable fast mode decision algorithm to effectively choose the best coding mode among the 7 macroblock (MB) coding modes that could be used in H.264 video coding. The spatial and temporal complexity of the MB is analyzed to determine the order of searching in the mode decision priority queue such that the most probable mode is checked first, followed by the second most probable mode, and so on. This process is terminated as soon as the computed rate-distortion (RD) cost is below a threshold which is dependent on the complexity ratio of the current MB. By adjusting the threshold we can choose a preferred tradeoff between timesaving and quality compromise. Experimental results show that the proposed fast mode decision algorithm can drastically reduce the encoding time up to 50% with negligible loss of coding efficiency


Sixteen Plum pox virus (PPV) isolates from several stone fruit cultivars, host species, orchards and geographical areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina were selected for typing, using serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and PCR‐RFLP, targeting the 3 ′ terminal region of the coat protein (CP) and P3-6K 1 with restriction enzymes Rsa I and Dde I. Four PPV isolates were identified as PPV-M by serology and PCR; eight isolates were identified as PPV-D based on PCR‐RFLP on both genomic regions, but were not recognized by the D-specific MAb4DG5. Four isolates from plum were identified as natural D/M recombinants (PPV-Rec), based on conflicting results of CP and P3-6K 1 typing. To investigate the genetic diversity of Bosnian PPV isolates in more detail, five isolates (three PPV-Rec, one PPV-M and one PPV-D) were partially sequenced in the region spanning the 3 ′ terminal part of the NIb gene and the 5 ′ -terminal part of the CP gene, corresponding to nucleotides 8056‐8884. Nucleotide sequence alignment of recombinant isolates showed that they were closely related at the molecular level to previously characterized recombinants from other European countries, and shared the same recombination break point in the 3 ′ terminal part of the NIb gene. This is the first report of naturally infected Prunus trees with PPV-M, PPV-D and PPV-Rec in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The high variability of the Bosnian PPV isolates fits with the presence of this virus in the country over a long period.


ABSTRACT This study provides a theoretically and empirically validated approach to measuring the strength of color as a brand-identity element. The authors conducted a split sample test with 880 consumers across three categories: banking, chocolate, and hair care. Comparing four measurement approaches helped determine the effect of cuing with the brand versus color (cue direction) and prompting with response sets versus not prompting (difficulty of response). The key comparison measures were the number of people who linked the brand with color (fame) and the relative presence of competitor links (uniqueness). The color-cued, unprompted brand response measure is the recommended approach.


A checklist of marine mollusc species mainly from deep-water localities off Mexican Caribbean shores is pre sented.Samples were obtained with a mechanical arm in 2-307 m during the. expedition of (he RIV "Edwin Link", August 1990; the listincludi:s 59 species of Oastropoda, 17 species of Bivalvia, tbree species of Scaphopoda and three species of Polyplacophora.


ABSTRACT The objectives of this review were to better understand the types of research available on leadership coaching in succession planning, identify gaps in the literature and outline future research areas. We used a scoping review protocol to determine to what extent these concepts have been studied together. The Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Protocol was used. We found 22 articles that studied these concepts together. Results indicated that the literature has focused on the use of coaching, not its effectiveness in relation to succession planning and has been mainly qualitative and descriptive in nature. Most measured outcomes related to leadership coaching and succession is focused only on the perceptions of participants, not tangible outcomes. Succession planning and leadership coaching have been studied in the literature independently, however, there is little research to ascertain the impact of leadership coaching on succession planning. This study examines the literature and provided directions for future research.


SMA Negeri 1 Bantur Malang is located in the southern area of Malang Regency. The demographic conditions and the Bantur community characteristics have caused many SMA Negeri 1 Bantur graduates to choose to work rather than continue their education to higher education. As a solution to this condition, the school has provided job training to students for one year as a provision for them after graduation. Apart from being in the form of student knowledge and skills, job training activities also produce goods and services that can be marketed to the public. Therefore, after participating in the training activities, SMA Negeri 1 Bantur students need to also be given training in marketing goods and services. This paper presents the results of online marketing training for goods and services at SMAN 1 Bantur. The method used in the training is tutorial and practice using text and video media. Measuring the success of training activities using the questionnaire method and assessment of the training participants' practice results. The results of measuring the success of training and their evaluation can measure the increase in knowledge and skills of each student who participates in the training.


Abstract There has been a steady increase in the number of studies investigating educational robotics and its impact on academic and social skills of young learners. Educational robots are used both in and out of school environments to enhance K–12 students' interest, engagement, and academic achievement in various fields of STEM education. Some prior studies show evidence for the general benefits of educational robotics as being effective in providing impactful learning experiences. However, there appears to be a need to determine the specific benefits which have been achieved through robotics implementation in K–12 formal and informal learning settings. In this study, we present a systematic review of the literature on K–12 educational robotics. Based on our review process with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a repeatable method of systematic review, we found 147 studies published from the years 2000 to 2018. We classified these studies under five themes: (1) general effectiveness of educational robotics; (2) students' learning and transfer skills; (3) creativity and motivation; (4) diversity and broadening participation; and (5) teachers' professional development. The study outlines the research questions, presents the synthesis of literature, and discusses findings across themes. It also provides guidelines for educators, practitioners, and researchers in areas of educational robotics and STEM education, and presents dimensions of future research. Abstract There has been a steady increase in the number of studies investigating educational robotics and its impact on academic and social skills of young learners. Educational robots are used both in and out of school environments to enhance K–12 students' interest, engagement, and academic achievement in various fields of STEM education. Some prior studies show evidence for the general benefits of educational robotics as being effective in providing impactful learning experiences. However, there appears to be a need to determine the specific benefits which have been achieved through robotics implementation in K–12 formal and informal learning settings. In this study, we present a systematic review of the literature on K–12 educational robotics. Based on our review process with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a repeatable method of systematic review, we found 147 studies published from the years 2000 to 2018. We classified these studies under five themes: (1) general effectiveness of educational robotics; (2) students' learning and transfer skills; (3) creativity and motivation; (4) diversity and broadening participation; and (5) teachers' professional development. The study outlines the research questions, presents the synthesis of literature, and discusses findings across themes. It also provides guidelines for educators, practitioners, and researchers in areas of educational robotics and STEM education, and presents dimensions of future research.


Conceptualisation and quantification of economic welfare of human communities have been a major concern of development economics. One variant or the other of Gross National Product (GNP) has been used traditionally as a measure of economic performance of the country as well as an indicator of social welfare.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of high flow nasal catheter oxygen (HFNCO) therapy on extubation failure rate, reintubation rate, and incidence of related complications within 48 h after extubation in mechanically ventilation patients.

Methods
A prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial was conducted in the ICU of a teaching hospital affiliated to a medical university. A total of 77 patients with mechanical ventilation duration of≥ 48 h and met the condition of spontaneous breathing test (SBT) were selected. The patients whose LUS≥14 at 30 min of SBT were enrolled, and were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups according to different oxygen therapies: the traditional oxygen therapy group, the noninvasive ventilation (NIV) group, and the HFNCO group. The effect of oxygen therapy and outcomes after extubation were compared among the three groups. The measurement data were presented as the mean±standard deviation (SD), and the numeration data were expressed as ratio or constituent ratio. The independent sample t test and LSD-t test were used for the comparisons between the two groups and the one-way ANOVA for differences between multiple groups. The differences between enumeration data were assessed by chi-square test. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
There was no significant difference in gender, age and other general conditions between the two groups (P>0.05). The NIV group and HFNCO group had lower extubation failure rate (14.29%, 15.38% vs 34.87%) and reintubation rate (10.7%, 11.54% vs 21.74%) than the conventional oxygen therapy group (P<0.05). In addition, the traditional oxygen therapy group had longer mechanical ventilation duration [(24.33±4.42) d vs (8.58±1.09) d, (8.37±2.43) d], antibiotic use time [(19.21±4.37) d vs (8.34±2.54) d, (7.41±1.06) d], and ICU hospitalization time [(27.27±4.24) d vs (10.38±2.07) d, (9.44±0.79) d], all P<0.05.

Conclusions
Treatment with HFNCO or NIV after extubation can effectively reduce the rates of extubation failure and reintubation, and improve the outcome of the mechanical ventilation. There is no difference in clinical efficiency between the NIV group and HFNCO group. However, compared with NIV, HFNCO can effectively reduce respiratory rate and avoid the retention of CO2, which has a wider application prospect in clinical practice.

Key words:
Pulmonary ultrasound; Mechanical ventilation; Extubation; High flow nasal catheter oxygen therapy


Over the path of history, there have been different forms of payment systems. In the beginning barter was quite common. Eventually, various forms of money were introduced which includes metal coins, leather money, paper money, gold, charge cards, credit cards, mobile payments etc. In the e-commerce world, in most cases the customer does not actually view the actual product at the time of transaction, and the method of payment is performed electronically. The electronic wallet (E-wallet) makes available all of the functions of today's wallet on one convenient smart card eliminating the need for several cards. The purpose of this paper is to examine the history, categories and uses of e-wallet. Using this e-Wallet the transaction procedure can be as simple as: the customer goes to the point of sale (POS), does the purchasing and when it comes to the payment, the customer submits his e-Wallet to vender who connects it to his terminal (PC).


Background: This study aims to assess public views and awareness about COVID-19 infection, severity, reinfection, vaccine acceptance, and government measures in Pakistan. Methods: A survey-based study was conducted between August 2021 and August 2022. The study used a self-administered questionnaire designed and distributed online using Google Forms, multiple social media platforms, and phone calls to collect data from the target population. We collected 1426 responses from male and female participants. The study was conducted in major cities throughout Pakistan, including Lahore, Multan, Faisalabad, Islamabad, Sargodha, Abbottabad, Swat, Quetta, and Mardan. Results: Most respondents (76.8%) deemed COVID-19 a serious disease, while the other participants considered it either a non-severe condition or were unsure. In this survey, 78% of respondents believed in COVID-19 immunization, 14.4% were skeptical, and 7.6% did not believe in it. Most study population (91.1%) had been immunized against COVID-19, and 92.4% expressed a willingness to be immunized if the vaccine was readily available. However, the remainder were either unsure or refused to receive vaccinations. 19.9% of study participants were naturally infected with COVID-19, 12% were uncertain about their previous infection, and 68.1% were not infected. COVID-19 reinfection was reported by 10.2% of study participants. The second infection was deemed more severe by 15.9% of participants than the first. It was found that half of the surveyed population used natural and traditional methods to protect themselves from COVID-19 disease. Most respondents (73%) believed that the government should make vaccinations mandatory and that people should be forced to do so. During the COVID-19 outbreak, 55.4% of people were satisfied with government initiatives, while 19.4% were dissatisfied. Conclusions: The results of the present study conducted in major cities throughout Pakistan concluded that most people trusted the COVID-19 vaccine and showed high confidence and acceptance of vaccination. Additionally, most respondents were satisfied with the government's efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19.


In order to provide academic steering for the design of stepping and scanning lithography and settle the controlling problem of the macro-motion table for lithography stencil stage, the paper designs the macro-motion positioning system for lithography stencil stage using linear motor and establishes the mathematic model of the whole linear motion stage and puts up a control model of uncompleted differential PID + disturbance observer. Based on the same disturbance, simulation tests using MATLAB software indicate that the tracking error with common PID control method is within plusmn0.025mm and the tracking error of adopting the suggested method is only within plusmn0.015mm. So, the latter has better control performance than the former and can effectively restrain outside disturbance and owes favorable tracking performance and control effect


The air of some hermetically-sealed spaces was fou11d to contain traces of carbon monoxide.The source of this gas was the boiled linseed oil used to make up paint.The presence of carbon monoxide was demonstrated by chemical and biologic methods.


We read with interest the case reported by Fujino and colleagues of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) encephalitis associated with hypersensitivity syndrome in a human immunodeficient virus (HIV)–negative patient. We report a similar case in an HIV-infected woman. A 40-year-old woman with unknown HIV infection was admitted with headache, discrete slowing of mental activity, and clinical neurological symptoms related to the cerebellum: ataxia and unsteady gait and impaired limb coordination. Cerebral computer tomography scan showed multiple contrast medium concentrating foci in the cerebellum, right frontal area, and the region of the caudate nucleus. Serological HIV-1 rapid test was positive and was confirmed by Western blot analysis. CD4 count was 118 cells per mm . Because toxoplasmosis encephalitis was suspected, treatment was started with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine. After 9 days, she developed a severe skin reaction whose clinical and biological characteristics were typical of a druginduced hypersensitivity syndrome: high fever, facial edema, erythroderma, hypereosinophilia (12% of eosinophils), and liver cytolysis (aspartate and alanine aminotransferase at five times normal value). Sulfadiazine was stopped and treatment was modified with successive introduction of clindamycine, minocycline, and clarithromycine. Skin eruption persisted with transient phases of improvement and flare. Clinical neurological condition deteriorated and imposed a transfer in an intensive care unit with intubation whereas focal cerebral lesions were stable in the computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. The course was complicated by an hemophagocytic syndrome with pancytopenia and multiple organ failure. High doses of intravenous gamma globulin and conticosteroids were without any effect. The patient died 3 weeks after the onset of the coma and 4 weeks after the beginning of the drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Autopsy was not done. Virological studies in serum samples showed at the acute phase anti–HHV-6 IgM and IgG antibodies. HHV6 DNA was demonstrated in the cerebral spinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction. Genomes of Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus were not detected by polymerase chain reaction in cerebral spinal fluid. HHV-6 infection has been demonstrated to induce encephalitis in immunocompromised patient (HIV infection, transplant patient). We and other have suggested that HHV-6 may participate in the development of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome that may be complicated by an hemophagocytic syndrome. Recently, we demonstrated the presence of a viremia of short time duration by a quantification of HHV-6 viral load (V. Descamps, S. Collot, E. Mame, P.H. Consigny, N. Houhou, B. Cricax, S. RangerRogez, unpublished data) in a patient with minocyclineinduced drug hypersensitivity syndrome. Fujino and colleagues' case and our observation demonstrate the possible development of HHV-6 encephalitis in the course of hypersensitivity syndrome. This association could prompt us to propose new therapeutic approach of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome with antiviral agents.


The '1st Congress Churches and LGBTI+ Community: ecumenical dialogues for respect for diversity' was held between 19th and 22nd of June 2019, in the city of São Paulo. The Congress was organised by the Parish of the Holy Trinity of the Episcopal Anglican Church in Brazil and Koinonia–Ecumenical Presence in Service. As we consider this congress a historic landmark in the debates concerning religions and sexualities that escape from cisheteronormativity in Brazil, in the course of this article, we propose to analyse the social and political conjuncture that motivated the event. In a second step, we will briefly describe the structure of the event, as well as its objectives, in order to understand the assumptions that guided the construction of the Letter of São Paulo, the official and public document of the Congress, approved in plenary by the participants. We believe that the Congress and the Letter of São Paulo have political potential, as they claim the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex+ people as people of faith and denounce forms of oppression, exclusion and marginalisation reinforced by conservative and hegemonic religious discourses.


Seed size grading is the important practice for better crop establishment and to improve efficiency of planting ratio in field and also useful in separation of quality seed in a seed lot. In the present study, the influence of seed grading on seed quality parameters were evaluated by using different sieves of two kabuli chickpea varieties viz., BG1105 and MNK-1. Grading of seeds by different sieves had significant influence on seed quality parameters. Among the sieve sizes, 6.50 mm (round) recorded significantly higher seed recovery (96.87%) and germination (100%) in V1-BG1105 variety, while, MNK-1 variety with maximum seed recovery (97.96%) and germination (98.50%) and other physiological seed quality parameters. The study indicates small to medium size seed had better seed quality parameters as compared to undersized and oversized seeds. The maximum seed recovery per cent and seed quality can be obtained by using 6.50 mm (round) sieve size for kabuli chickpea varieties.


Success or failure of any food is determined by the consumer. Sophisticated consumers demand high-quality fruits and vegetables to support active and healthy lifestyles. In an increasingly competitive market successful distributors of fresh produce determine the requirements of these sophisticated consumers, consistently deliver items that meet those requirements, and effectively communicate their message to first-adopters and influential consumers. Consumer requirements encompass both sensory characteristics and extend to nutritional image, packaging preferences, safety considerations, and expected life. Consumers from different countries or regions require different characteristics. Within a given country or region different market segments exhibit varying preferences. Although it may be tempting to meet the needs of all consumers in a market, a better strategy identifies those characteristics important to a distinct segment. The distributor ships a brand unit meeting the needs of a particular segment in appropriate packaging. Quality specialists monitor handling conditions and critical characteristics at key points within the chain to ensure requirements are met at points of purchase and consumption. Marketing, promotion and merchandising information establishes image characteristics and directs members of the segment where to find branded items and warn away those outside the segment. First-adopters purchase the item when purchase quality and product descriptions on the package meet or exceed image expectations. Subsequent purchases occur if consumption quality meets or exceeds purchase and image expectations. Influential consumers stimulate purchases by less discerning consumers. Continued purchases and brand loyalty follow consistent delivery of consumption quality over time. Strict maintenance of quality specifications for the product as delivered to the consumer protects that brand unit within the segment. Alternate market channels for product not meeting specifications provide economic stability for distributors of high-quality brand units.


This paper proposes an innovative framework to foster students' higher-order thinking and L2 speaking. The importance of higher-order thinking has been highlighted and reflected in L2 education. One way to engage L2 learners in thinking is to ask them higher-order questions. Empirical research has shown the effectiveness of higher-order questioning on L2 speaking and cognitive development. However, questioning behavior itself has a number of disadvantages for learning and, without addressing these issues, the effect of higher-order questioning can be limited. To employ questioning to its best effect, this paper, based on a review of the literature, proposes a theoretical framework. The metadesign of the framework, including teacher questioning, group discussion and student question generation, is used to overcome the disadvantages of questioning, while the microdesign of the framework, incorporating wait-time, question refinement and probing, is intended to tackle the technical problems of eliciting non- and restricted responses from students. This framework also helps to equip students with discussion skills in a social context and to utilize higher cognition proactively. An experiment was carried out in a university English class to validate the framework, and pedagogical implications and suggestions for applying this framework are made.


In this volume, international experts assess the worldwide experience in treating precocious puberty and highlight major advances in research on the etiology of different forms of precocious puberty. The book features extensive reviews of the clinical data on treatment of gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty with agonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Other contributors describe effective therapies for two forms of precocious puberty that result from gonadotropin-independent mechanisms: McCune-Albright syndrome and familial male precocious puberty. Several investigators present new basic science research on the etiology of familial male precocious puberty, the molecular basis of the McCune-Albright syndrome, and the intragonadal signalling pathways that play a role in gonadotropin-independent forms of precocious puberty. The book also includes a commentary on psychosocial and ethical issues in the treatment of sexual precocity.


Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science: Proceedings of The World Congress on Engineering 2012, WCE 2012, 4-6 July 2012, London, U.K., pp. 1427-1432


We have proposed a new implementation of contourlet, namely, WDFB contourlet which is very efficient for image denoising. We also find two reliable methods for norm estimation, i.e. Monte-Carlo estimation and polyphase impulse reconstruction. The former is fast, simple yet reliable, while the latter can exactly reconstruct the contourlet basis, thus lead to precise results. Then shearing invariant (SI) is proposed as a novel tool for further denoising improvement, especially for multiscale directional transforms. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to support our conclusions.


Stratigraphic and structural interpretation of Silurian and Devonian rocks in eastern Vermont is in a state of flux. V. R. Murthy (1958) has presented an interesting new hypothesis based on his work in the East Barre area. In order to establish his succession, Murthy had to remove the Brownington syncline (Doll, 1951; Dennis, 1956) and replace it by a facies tongue. But can the Brownington syncline be removed so readily? Murthy presents two lines of argument: on the one hand, an attempted invalidation of my criteria for a syncline (Dennis, 1956, p. 35-36); on the other, criteria favoring homoclinal succession in his own area. Let us consider his arguments (Murthy, 1958, p. 284) in turn. Concerning Murthy's points 1 and 5, I would point out that invalidation of one or two criteria supporting an interpretation does not automatically invalidate that interpretation, unless it is based on these criteria alone. In particular, Murthy (p. 283-284) states: "Basing his theory [sic] on his reconnaissance work, [Dennis]... closed the outcrop [of the Gile Mountain formation in the Plainfield quadrangle] in the southern part of the Plainfield quadrangle .... Thus in his interpretation the . . . Gile Mountain (?) formation [of the East Barre area] occurs in the axial part of a doubly plunging syncline. ..." Murthy's information is mainly taken from my (Dennis, 1956) plate 3. The legend (text, p. 93) here clearly states that the interpretation for that area is based on "Dennis, reconnaissance" and "Hall, oral information, 1955." Evidently Hall, in the course of continued detailed mapping, has found that the Gile Mountain (or Westmore) formation continues without a break into the Plainfield quadrangle (personal communication quoted by Murthy, 1958, p. 284). This observation simply changes a doubly plunging syncline into a north-plunging syncline. It does not by itself change the syncline into a homocline. As for Murthy's point 2, Eric and I have pointed out (Eric and Dennis, 1958, p. 61) that differential tectonic thinning of marble bands such as probably occurred in the Lyndonville quadrangle (Dennis, 1956, p. 36) may well


Several lines of evidence indicate that the on-line control of rapid target-aiming movements can be influenced by the visual context in which the movements are performed. Although this may result in movement error when an illusory context is introduced, there are many situations in which the control system must know about context in order to get the limb to the target rapidly and safely.


Abstract : The report is a compilation of known facts about those surface features of coral reefs common to all types of reef formations. (Author)


In attempting to successfully diagnose and treat people from different cultural dimensions, medical practitioners must supplement theoretical concepts with knowledge about the patients' cultural heritage. In this chapter, the author discusses relevant cultural factors related to the medical management of Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexican Americans residing in the United States.


A series of novel N-substituted 2-methyl imidazole derivatives have been synthesized, and their in vitro antispasmodic activity was assessed on contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum, induced by acetylcholine (5× 10M to 1× 10M), and compared with the effect of atropine. All the prototypes were synthesized and confirmed by their FTIR, HNMR, MASS and elemental spectral data. Antispasmodic activity of all prototypes were tested by bioassay at various concentrations (10, 50 and 100 μg/ml), and concentration-response curves were plotted to check their ability to reverse the activity of acetylcholine on prior contact with the ileum. All the compounds 1(a-d) were producing a competitive antagonistic action at (10 μg/ml), and at higher concentrations (50 and 100 μg/ml) the curves shifted to the right showing significant antagonism (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001) which is probably mediated through muscarinic receptors.


During manufacture and in-service process,nondestructive detection on seamless steel pipe is a importance method to make sure its quality.The practical approach for the ultrasonic testing of thick-walled seamless steel pipe is presented for the relative value of wall-thickness and diameter greater than 0.23.The experments show that the straight pipes can be detected by automatic continuous mode and point-moving mode of the system,the elbow can be detected by manual mode,the steel pipes'thickness also can be measured.


Tebipenem (TBP) is an orally bioavailable carbapenem in clinical development in the US for treating complicated urinary tract infections and acute pyelonephritis. TBP possesses broad-spectrum activity against isolates producing penicillinases, narrow- and extended-spectrum β-lactamases, and AmpC β-lactamases. Exposure to β-lactams has been shown to increase AmpC production and impact susceptibility to β-lactams. This study assessed the induction properties of TBP over AmpC production in Gram-negative organisms.

 Eight Enterobacterales species and 1 P. aeruginosa isolate were selected for AmpC induction experiments for TBP, imipenem, ertapenem (ETP), and ceftazidime. Induction experiments were performed at 0.25, 1, 4, and 16x MIC. AmpC induction was detected by measuring the intensity of nitrocefin hydrolysis compared to baseline. Isolates where a ≥4x induction of AmpC was detected were tested for susceptibility by the CLSI reference broth microdilution method. A second set of 36 Enterobacterales and 32 P. aeruginosa isolates with proven overexpression of AmpC by qRT-PCR were tested for susceptibility as well.

 In general, TBP and imipenem increased production of AmpC against all Enterobacterales, except for C. koseri and S. marcescens (Table). In contrast, ETP and ceftazidime did not seem to affect production of AmpC among the Enterobacterales species tested. All agents but ETP increased the production of AmpC in P. aeruginosa. Overall, an MIC increase (i.e., >4-fold) to various β-lactam agents was not observed when tested against isolates that showed an increased production of AmpC after drug exposure. When tested against the second set of Enterobacterales that over-produced AmpC, TBP (MIC50/90, 0.03/0.25 mg/L) inhibited all isolates at ≤1 mg/L. TBP showed MIC50 and MIC90 results of 4 and 4 mg/L, respectively, against P. aeruginosa isolates that over-produced AmpC.

 Among Enterobacterales, exposure to either TBP or imipenem, but not ETP or ceftazidime, often resulted in increased measurement of AmpC production. However, increased production of AmpC did not translate into increased MIC values. Finally, TBP showed potent activity against Enterobacterales with confirmed overproduction of AmpC.
 Table

 Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie (Research Grant or Support)AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla USA Inc. (Research Grant or Support)ContraFect Corporation (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Shionogi (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Nicole Cotroneo, Spero Therapeutics (Employee, Shareholder) Ian A. Critchley, Ph.D., Spero Therapeutics (Employee, Shareholder) Brieanna Roth, n/a, Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) S J Ryan Arends, PhD, AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)Bravos Biosciences (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla USA Inc. (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Qpex Biopharma (Research Grant or Support)Shionogi (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Mariana Castanheira, PhD, Affinity Biosensors (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Allergan (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Amicrobe, Inc (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Amplyx Pharma (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Artugen Therapeutics USA, Inc. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Astellas (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Basilea (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; BIDMC (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; bioMerieux Inc. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; BioVersys Ag (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Bugworks (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Cidara (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Cipla (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Contrafect (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Cormedix (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Crestone, Inc. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Curza (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; CXC7 (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Entasis (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Fedora Pharmaceutical (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Fimbrion Therapeutics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Fox Chase (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; GlaxoSmithKline (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Guardian Therapeutics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Hardy Diagnostics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; IHMA (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Janssen Research & Development (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Johnson & Johnson (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Kaleido Biosceinces (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; KBP Biosciences (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Luminex (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Matrivax (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Mayo Clinic (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Medpace (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Melinta (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Menarini (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Merck (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Meridian Bioscience Inc. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Micromyx (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; MicuRx (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; N8 Medical (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Nabriva (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; National Institutes of Health (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; National University of Singapore (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; North Bristol NHS Trust (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Novome Biotechnologies (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Paratek (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Pfizer (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Prokaryotics Inc. (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; QPEX Biopharma (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Rhode Island Hospital (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; RIHML (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Roche (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Roivant (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Salvat (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Scynexis (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; SeLux Diagnostics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Shionogi (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Specific Diagnostics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Spero (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; SuperTrans Medical LT (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; T2 Biosystems (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; The University of Queensland (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Thermo Fisher Scientific (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Tufts Medical Center (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Universite de Sherbrooke (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; University of Iowa (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; University of Wisconsin (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; UNT System College of Pharmacy (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; URMC (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; UT Southwestern (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; VenatoRx (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Viosera Therapeutics (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Wayne State University (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support


The invention provides an alkali-free working fluid protection system and a usage method thereof. The alkali-free working fluid protection system comprises the following raw materials by mass ratio: 3-6 parts of zwitterionic Gemini surfactants, 1-3 parts of a nonionic surfactant, and 30-50 parts of an auxiliary agent. While in use, the alkali-free working fluid protection system and working fluid at temperature of 40-90 DEG C are uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio being 1:5-8, and then a mixture enters into a well. The alkali-free working fluid protection system is suitable for low-permeability oil reservoir working.


As a good film electrode material for supercapacitor,carboxyl ruthenium oxide was prepared using precursor of isopropyl alcohol solution of RuCl3.3H2 O by in-situ decomposition.The micro-morphology,thermal decomposition mechanism and capacitance of the film were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,infrared spectrometer and electrochemical method,respectively.The results show that carboxyl ruthenium oxide film is produced through phase transition of synthesis and decomposition of the precursor of isopropyl alcohol solution of RuCl3.3H2 O with heating.Carboxyl has significant influence on performances of the film.Treated at 300 ℃ for 2 h,specific capacitance of the film is 728 F.g-1 and maintains at 99.47% after 1000 charge-discharge cycles.The adhesive force of the film to tantalum substrate is measured to be 24.56 MPa.


The sufficient and necessary conditions of boundedness are given about the weights of a class of weighted Hardy-Steklov operators on both Lp and BMO spaces.Also,the corresponding operator norms are obtained,which provide a considerable important technical analysis in the study of predicting the future of a stock price.


kidney disease and its progression Benjamin Bowe, Yan Xie, Hong Xian, Sumitra Balasubramanian and Ziyad Al-Aly Clinical Epidemiology Center, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA


THE COLLECTION, compilation, and publication of vital statistics are among the major activities of every public health agency. Too frequently the collection and preparation for publication of vital statistics require such a large proportion of the time and energy of available personnel that the analysis and interpretation of these data are neglected. Yet without analysis and interpretation, vital statistics remain relatively sterile. Nearly a century ago the great English vital statistician, William Farr, began his analysis of official mortality records in order to discover and point out significant variations in ill health among various groups of the population. The work he initiated has been continued and expanded by succeeding registrars general. The nost extensive information concerning variations in mortality rates by occupation and socioeconomic classes available anywhere is that for England and Wales. The United States does not have a series of analyses of mortality statistics comparable to those of England and Wales. The first third of


Crowdsourcing leverages human intelligence to gather solutions on tasks that cannot be accomplished by automated tools. This system consists of components such as the requester, task, worker and the crowdsourcing platform. Studies do not explore the various features of these components and the dependencies among the same. Hence, we analyse the characteristics of the components of crowdsourcing systems using a trace-driven approach. Additionally, for reproducible research, we have introduced a workload generator for crowdsourcing platforms, which generates an unbiased workload similar to the empirical workload. Finally, the impact of various characteristics on the quality of answers has been analysed using both the empirical and synthetic workloads. The results demonstrate that success rate and activeness positively affect the productivity of workers, while the number of available human intelligence tasks (HITs) and the time duration of the same affect the productivity on each task.


Since the date of my last communication under the above title the weather has, if possible, been worse for telescopic work than during the winter and spring; my opportunities of observation, therefore, have been very limited: still the sun has occasionally been in such a disturbed state, and our atmosphere has at times been so pure, that several new facts of importance have come out. I will state them here as briefly as possible, reserving a discussion of them and my detailed observations for a future occasion.


Th is study aimed to investigate the authentici ty of teacher's made assessment in e lementary schools in Kabupaten Pesawaran. The research design for this study was Descriptive qualitative method . It involved 3 English teachers. The data were collected through documentation, and questionnaires which were analyzed qualitatively. The result of data analysis showed that teachers' assessment planning, assessment implementation as perceive d by teachers and students didn't provide completely. The teachers used traditional type of assessment such as multiple choice tests instead of authentic assessment. The limited knowledge and facilities became the problem of English teacher at elementary school in Pesawaran to implement authentic assessment.


The capability of some empirical algorithms to estimate surface rain-rate at mid-latitude basin scale from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data is analyzed. We propose three retrieval techniques based on a multivariate regression, a Bayesian maximum a posteriori inversion and on an artificial feed-forward neural network. Three algorithms available in literature are also included as benchmarks. The training data set is derived from coincident SSM/I images and half hourly rain-rate data obtained from a rain-gauge network, placed along the River Tiber basin in Central Italy, during 9 years (from 1992 to 2000). The work points out that an algorithm based on regression or a neural network is a good estimator of low precipitation, while it tends to underestimate high rain rates. The best results have been achieved with the Bayesian method.


ABSTRACT Navigating predatory publishers as an educator, course developer, author, and/or editor can be frustrating and sometimes complex. This article offers how to recognize, avoid, and check if one is being targeted directly or indirectly by predatory publishers. The authors share a literature review on the conditions of predatory publishing, interviews on how to identify predatory publishers with advice from experts Dr. Ann Cooper Albright, Dr. Matthew Henley, and Dr. Julie Mulvihill, and highlight red flags for recognizing predatory publishers in the digital age. The purpose of this article is to help establish a sense of accountability and transparency when it comes to dance research and publications. This article aims to demystify the publishing process by exploring the dance field's susceptibility to predatory publishers, offering warning signs of dubious practices, and proposing next steps to an academic world traversing dance and the digital space.


Funding for this study was provided in part by both the Northeastern States Research Cooperative and a Collaborative Research and Development Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) and the Cumulative Environmental Management Association (CEMA). This research was also funded, in part, by the Canada Research Chairs Program and an NSERCDiscovery Grant. Some data used in this publication were obtained by scientists of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study; this publication has not been reviewed by those scientists. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the Northeastern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. We are indebted to Gene E. Likens for the provision of precipitation data with funding from the National Science Foundation (LTREB and LTER programs) and The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. We also thank Scott Bailey and Tony Federer for providing soil samples for mineral species analysis and detailed hydrological properties for the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. 503 Erratum Q IWA Publishing 2009 Hydrology Research | 40.5 | 2009


Background Uveal melanoma(UVM) is the most common intraocular malignancy and has a poor prognosis. The clinical significance of necroptosis(NCPS) in UVM is unclear. Methods We first identified necroptosis genes in UVM by single-cell analysis of the GSE139829 dataset from the GEO database and weighted co-expression network analysis of TCGA data. COX regression and Lasso regression were used to construct the prognostic model. Then survival analysis, immune microenvironment analysis, and mutation analysis were carried out. Finally, cell experiments were performed to verify the role of ITPA in UVM. Result By necroptosis-related prognostic model, UVM patients in both TCGA and GEO cohorts could be classified as high-NCPS and low-NCPS groups, with significant differences in survival time between the two groups (P<0.001). Besides, the high-NCPS group had higher levels of immune checkpoint-related gene expression, suggesting that they might be more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. The cell experiments confirmed the role of ITPA, the most significant gene in the model, in UVM. After ITPA was knocked down, the activity, proliferation, and invasion ability of the MuM-2B cell line were significantly reduced. Conclusion Our study can provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with UVM.


After Li Ding-guo's DaXi peasant troops entered Gui Zhou?Yun Nan,they gave up their previous tenet and decided to unite Ming Dynasty to repel Qing Dynasty.The main cause of the policy could realize was Li Ding-guo united the tribal chiefs and ethnic minority people together to repel Qing Dynasty.The policy include the following:first,take an active part in unite the tribal chiefs and ethnic minority people together to repel Qing Dynasty;second,carry out the same land policy and develop production?chastise malfeasant in ethnic minority area as in the Han's;third,in DaXi peasant troops,soldiers of ethnic minority and of the Han were equal;fourth,respect ethnic minority's belief.Just because the policy gained the tribal chiefs and ethnic minority people's belief?support and participation,so could build up the citadel to repel Qing Dynasty?form the troops to battle and gained continual success.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a simulation-based training on the critical thinking skills of 10 graduate medical education trainees to understand the potential of simulation-based training as an innovative tool to improve medical competencies among trainees in a graduate medical training program. The theoretical framework incorporated in this study focused on the Five-Stage Model of Adult Skill Acquisition by Dreyfus and Dreyfus and the Theory of Andragogy by Malcolm Knowles to examine how adults learn in a medical simulation-based training setting. This study utilized a pre-and posttest, the AAC&U VALUE Critical Thinking Rubric, and individual interviews with trainees after the simulation. In analyzing pre/posttest scores, a paired samples t-test revealed that all 10 trainees showed a small growth in critical thinking regarding the management of a patient with cardiogenic shock based on hemodynamics by 0.30. A summary of the rubric study findings reported that third-year trainees received the highest critical thinking scores, while first-year trainees received the lowest critical thinking scores. Participant mean scores on the rubric also showed a correlation in the progression of training year to increased critical thinking in their use of hemodynamics to manage patient with cardiogenic shock. Post-simulation interviews with study participants reflected four major themes that included: (a) discrepancies in frequency and classification of simulation training, (b) the simulation learning environment, (c) from theory to practice, and (d) the impact of simulation training on clinical practice. The results of this study indicated the


The population structure and reproductive condition of the Sinaloa cichlid Cichlasoma beani from samples obtained from June 2000 to July 2001 were determined. Samples in the first week each month from the largest trader of tilapia in the Aguamilpa Reservoir in Mexico and were caught in gillnets (9.6 and 11.4 cm stretch-mesh size). Of 596 specimens, there were 427 males and 169 females; monthly sex ratio, frequency of lengths by the multinomial distribution, timing of reproduction, condition index, and size at first maturity was determined. Differences in the sex ratio and monthly totals were significant, favoring males, except for September 2000 and March 2001. From one (August 2000) to three modal groups (July 2000 and June 2001) were identified by size. There were no significant differences in standard length weight relationships by sex, which indicated that a shared model for both genders is appropriate, and isometric growth was detected. Based on the proportion of mature and partially matures fish, the main reproductive period was April through June; size at first maturity was 18.9 cm. Water temperature was not significantly related to the percentage of mature and partially matures Sinaloa cichlids or spawning. These findings provide information for regulating the Cichlasoma beani fishery in this region such minimum legal size and non-fishing period.


While the benefits of work-integrated learning (WIL) are undisputed, identifying what elements enable quality experiences is a more challenging endeavor. This article focuses on the perspectives of New Zealand social work tertiary educators regarding components of quality WIL. The participants recognized the difficulties in succinctly articulating quality WIL but agreed with previous research that effective WIL is reliant on strong relationships between the tertiary sector, organizations and students. Findings from this research attest to the importance of placing field educators into this traditional tripartite relationship thus celebrating their central role in student learning. Addressing poor professional practice in the WIL environment was an identified concern. Effective use of the national field education guidelines for the evaluation of WIL experiences is recommended. The assessment of student readiness and suitability for specific environments also requires ongoing consideration from HEIs alongside mitigation of the potentially negative impacts of WIL.


Objectives Decreased fertility and impaired health owing to early menopause are significant health issues. Smoking is a changeable health-related behavior that influences menopausal age. We investigated the effects of smoking-associated characteristics on menopausal age in Korean women. Methods This study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveyfrom 2007 to 2012. Menopausal age in relation to smoking was analyzed as a KaplanMeier survival curve for 11,510 women (aged 30–65 years). The risk of enteringmenopause and experiencing early menopause (before age 48)related to smoking were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results The menopausal ageamong smokers was 0.75 years lower than that among non-smokers (p < 0.001). The results of the Cox proportional hazards model showed preand post-correction risk ratios for entering menopause related to smoking of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.09–1.46) and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.10–1.47), respectively, and preand post-correction risk ratios for experiencing early menopause related to smoking of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.03–1.80) and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.05– 1.85), respectively. Conclusions Smokers showed an earlier menopause than non-smokers, and their risk for experiencing early menopause was higher.


The Botanical Society is one of a number of organizations whose important contribution to biodiversity conservation in South Africa is included in a new publication, Biodiversity for Development: South Africa's landscape approach to conserving biodiversity and promoting ecosystem resilience. This is a joint effort by SANBI and its partners, the Department of Environmental Affairs and the United Nations Development Programme.


Reducing a set of bulk optics‐based components to a single ultrathin and compact element that enables the same complex functionality has become an emerging research area, propelling further miniaturization and integration in photonics. In this work, it is designed and experimentally demonstrated a multifunctional metamirror for focused vector‐beams generation in the near‐infrared range using gap‐surface plasmon meta‐atoms that enable efficient linear‐polarization conversion along with the complete phase control over reflected fields, reproducing thereby the combined functionalities of conventional parabolic reflectors and spatial light modulators. The proof‐of‐concept fabricated metamirror exhibits the excellent capability of radial‐ and azimuthal‐polarization conversion (≈78% and ≈75% on average) and focusing (average efficiency of ≈35% and ≈34%) within the wavelength range of 800–950 nm under x‐ and y‐excitation, respectively. It is further shown that this approach can be extended to realize multifocal metamirrors with distinctly engineered wavefronts focused at different locations in the same focal plane. The multifunctional metamirror design developed in this study opens new avenues in the advanced research and applications targeting photonics integration of diversified functionalities.


The concept of a scalar quasi-homogeneous source is generalized to electromagnetic theory; coherence and polarization properties of the far field generated by such a source are discussed. The results are applied to spatial light modulators.


Dynamic manipulation of mathematical objects in a computer-learning environment allows a learner to build an intimate, visceral relationship with those objects. Dynamic manipulation is direct and continuous. Dragging data allows the learner to experience the affect of data change on statistical measures and their visual representations such as the vertical line and the computed value in the plot above. A systematization of the very large set of opportunities for dragging data and the kinds of learning fostered is presented.


The volute is one of the key components of a Centrifugal pumps. The design of the volute not only impacts the compressor efficiency but also influences the operating range. The detailed flow simulation presented here helps to better understand the volute flow mechanisms and provide design guidance in volute design to meet performance goals. In this study, the viscous Navier-Stokes equations are used to simulate the flow inside the vaneless impeller and volute. The detailed flow structures for different volute tongue geometries are studied in detail. The numerical calculations are compared with experimental data and good agreement is found. The results also suggest direction for further investigations in volute design A solution method is developed to obtain three-dimensional velocity and pressure distribution within a centrifugal pump. The method is based on solving fully elliptic partial differential equations for the conservation of mass and momentum


A new approach to the theory of non-local and non-isothermal filtration based on the mathematical apparatus of fractional order derivatives is developing. A solution of the Cauchy problem for the system of equations of non-local non-isothermal filtration in fractional calculus is obtained. Some applications of the solutions obtained to the problems of underground hydrodynamics (fracturing and explosion) are considered. A computational experiment was carried out to analyze the solutions obtained. Graphs of pressure and temperature dependences are plotted against time.


Many cases in reality show that the plan economy will educe the flattering and ticklish culture.And the market economy will bring on the positive and high-performance's culture.Because of these two cultures-the philosopher's effect,it seems that the high-performance's planned economy tends towards the low-performance and the low-performance's market economy tends towards the high performance.Why it happens It is just not a economic and technical problem.The culture-the spirit of the philosopher is the key to explain the planned economy's low-performance and the high performance.


This study analysed conflict management strategies in the case of the Cheonggye stream restoration project. In order to smooth or manage policy conflict, Seoul government made use of diverse conflict management mechanisms. This study found conflict management mechanisms as follows. First, positive PR about policy and affirmative goal presentation were used to sympathize the majority of citizens in the early stage of project. Second, conflict management mechanisms used for sellers and interest groups in preparing project such as procedural justice for participation, substantive compensations, and symbolic strategy to build policy executor's confidence and fidelity. Third, conflicts of interests that risen as cultural assets restoration or development absorbed as postponement or shirking strategy through various committee organizations.


Lake control project of Poyang lake is a large scale with a complex operation scheduling, which has an effect on the flood control and environment near the connected area between Poyang lake and Yangtze river. This paper combines one-dimensional and two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical model to calculate and analyze it. The application of a long reach and long term one-dimensional mathematical model from Yichang to Datong provides boundary conditions for the two-dimensional model. Two-dimensional model between part of Yangtze river and Poyang lake is used to calculating the influence caused by lake control project to the bed erosion and deposition between the river and lake after the operation of Three Gorges Reservoir. The research result shows that after a 10-year operation of lake control project, riverbed scouring takes place on a large scale near the connected area as long as the point bar which used to be deposit, and the deepest erosion on bed groove reaches about 1.3m. Sediment scouring takes place on the Yangtze river under the lower Zhangjiazhou channel, but the upper channel changes less relatively.


This study presents the development of an adaptive thermal comfort model for the hot and humid climate in Taiwan. We conducted field surveys in several offices and classrooms at National Taiwan University through a portable system which used Raspberry Pi, a small single-board computer, as processors to connect environmental sensors and as questionnaire user interface platform. This allowed us to collect indoor environmental data and investigate subjects' responses simultaneously. The advantage of the portable system is to expand the pools of data collection. The field surveys can be set up and conducted in different classrooms or offices efficiently. In total, this study collected 257 samples. The thermal comfort profiles of two different ventilation strategies (i.e., air-conditioning (AC) and natural ventilation (NV)) were analysed. The results indicate that the actual percentage of dissatisfaction (APD) has the same trend as the predicted percentage of dissatisfaction by Fanger (PPD). However, when the predicted mean vote (PMV) is in the range of -0.5 to 0.5, the APD is approximately 20% higher than the PPD. The study also found that PMV underestimates subjects' thermal sensation in both ventilation strategies.


Eclipse is an open source, Java-based extensible development platform.The emergence of Eclipse for Java developers to provide free access to the Java integrated development environment. The pa- per presents hors to build J2EE development environment on the horis of Edipse.


P2 L11-14 inform the reader how they defined sufficient levels of physical activity already in the Methods section of the abstract Added the information "The sufficient levels of physical activity (PA) were defined as ≥150 minutes/week of moderateintensity PA or ≥75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity PA or ≥600 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes/week." Abstract P2 L 17 Please also report the age range and number of men and women in the sample Added the information "A total of 1,744 people (808 men and 936 women), aged 15 to 64 years, participated in the study." Abstract P2 L18 revising as "We estimated that a quarter..." to keep past tense Edited the sentence as the suggestion "We estimated that a quarter..." Introduction P4 L2-4P2 L18 revising as "We estimated that a quarter..." to keep past tense Edited the sentence as the suggestion "We estimated that a quarter..." Introduction P4 L2-4 Please explain what you mean by physically inactive. Is it less than 180 minutes of PA/week in moderate intensity? It is also important to separate sedentary behavior from physical inactivity. Added the definition of physical inactivity "Physical inactivity or insufficient physical activity (PA) is defined as less than 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity PA accumulated across work, home, transport and leisure time activities." Introduction P4 L14-17 Provide some data about for example of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Thailand. This data would provide better understanding how important is to increase energy expenditure. Added more detail regarding physical inactivity consequences and overweight/obesity prevalence in Thailand "About one-fifth (17.1%) of Thai adults were overweight while prevalence of class I obesity and class II obesity were 26.0% and 9.0%, respectively." Introduction P5 L8-9 Please provide some evidence and information about intention to change. Is it related to increased PA in subsequent years in other populations or in some specific populations? Add a sentence with some new references ". In addition, previous studies shows that stages of change to PA are associated with PA behaviours among various populations [14, 15]. Methods P7 L1-6 Please provide a reference for MET-thresholds for moderate and vigorous PA. In adultpopulations, 3 and 6 METs are more commonly used. Therefore, the use of these thresholds need to be justified. Thank you. We used the threshold suggested by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The analysis guide suggests that we use 4 METs for moderate-intensity PA and 8 MET for vigorous-intensity PA) A reference to the questionnaire and guideline for analysis is added in the text Methods P7 L5 Whole term is Metabolic equivalent of task. Thank you. We have corrected the term Methods Methods P7 L11-13 Analysis P8 L9-10 Results


The 'totality principle' in law aims to show mercy to offenders in multiple-offence (MO) cases and retain ordinal proportionality in punishing those who commit different categories of offence. The effect of this principle in practice, however, is largely unknown. The present study involved an analysis of data released by the Sentencing Council for England and Wales to estimate the prevalence of MO cases and compare the penalties they received against comparable single-offence (SO) cases. MO cases represented approximately half of the cases in the sample which included violent, property, drugs and driving offences. Offence-specific regression analyses revealed that MO/SO case status was not a significant predictor of receiving a custodial sentence or of custody length. Thus, by applying the totality principle, sentencers may be letting MO offenders 'off lightly'. Potential explanations for this unintentional effect on decision-making lies in how the totality principle is defined and interpreted, and recommendations are made for revising the guideline on application of the totality principle.