Music therapy can be an effective treatment that prevents stress from contributing to the etiology of disease. For this study, the participants, college students enrolled in an annual Alternative Nutrition class at California State University, Los Angeles, were instructed to select a song to present during class. After listening to each song selection, participants provided written feedback based on a 9-question survey. Self-perceived stress was measured using a Likert scale from 1 to 10, with 10 being the highest level of stress. Microsoft[R] Excel 2007 Data Analysis, was used to calculate t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Meansat a 5% significance level ([alpha] Keywords: music therapy, college, stress, stress-reduction, relaxation techniques Introduction Time spent in college can be a priceless experience, but it can also be a stressful one. In recent years, the academic circle has noted stress to be an important topic of interest, due to the many stresses of daily life (Agolla & Ongori, 2009). There are a variety of reasons students experience stress, which may include: being away from home for the first time; trying to balance the demands of classes, work, extracurricular activities, and a social life; the pressure to perform well academically. Even though some of these may be perceived as positive changes, any departure from a familiar routine can bring about some degree of stress (Richlin-Klonsky & Hoe, 2003). Some students may not know how to effectively cope with the demands of college life. As a result, having severe and/or prolonged stress may lead to reduced academic performance. This type of stress can potentially hinder a student's level of contribution and participation in campus life, and increases the likelihood of substance abuse and other destructive behaviors (Ross, Neibling & Hecker, 1999). Coping with unhealthy stress begins with recognizing the signs of building stress levels and the stressors that cause them. While stress can be caused by external events, the events themselves may not necessarily be stressful. In fact, it is the way in which an individual interprets and reacts to a stressor that is responsible for producing stress (Busari, 2012). Consequently, although various methods exist to help college students cope with stress, the appropriate method must be selected for the individual. According to Romano (1992), the interactions between an individual's perception and reaction to stressors are what result in stress. While many may be unaware of the danger of stress, the American Institute of Stress (2012) claimed stress to be the number one health problem for Americans. While stress itself can be debilitating, its main effect on public health involves increasing risk for diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Stress can also lead to depression and its related conditions. Moreover, overall health and wellness is a matter of concern among populations with elevated levels of stress. College students, subject to pressure from many areas, fit into this category. Music Therapy--Interventions for Health Music therapy (MT) is defined by the American Music Therapy Association (2011) as the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program. According to the American Music Therapy Association (2011), music therapy is a well-established health program and it is used therapeutically to address an individual's physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs. …


In this paper, we wish to examine the stochastic bifurcation induced by multiplicative Gaussian colored noise in a dynamical model of love where the random factor is used to describe the complexity and unpredictability of psychological systems. First, the dynamics in deterministic love-triangle model are considered briefly including equilibrium points and their stability, chaotic behaviors and chaotic attractors. Then, the influences of Gaussian colored noise with different parameters are explored such as the phase plots, top Lyapunov exponents, stationary probability density function (PDF) and stochastic bifurcation. The stochastic P-bifurcation through a qualitative change of the stationary PDF will be observed and bifurcation diagram on parameter plane of correlation time and noise intensity is presented to find the bifurcation behaviors in detail. Finally, the top Lyapunov exponent is computed to determine the D-bifurcation when the noise intensity achieves to a critical value. By comparison, we find there is no connection between two kinds of stochastic bifurcation.


ABSTRACT Cellular nuclei are bound by two uniformly separated lipid membranes that are fused with each other at numerous donut-shaped pores. These membranes are structurally supported by an array of distinct proteins with distinct mechanical functions. As a result, the nuclear envelope possesses unique mechanical properties, which enables it to resist cytoskeletal forces. Here, we review studies that are beginning to provide quantitative insights into nuclear membrane mechanics. We discuss how the mechanical properties of the fused nuclear membranes mediate their response to mechanical forces exerted on the nucleus and how structural reinforcement by different nuclear proteins protects the nuclear membranes against rupture. We also highlight some open questions in nuclear envelope mechanics, and discuss their relevance in the context of health and disease. Summary: This paper reviews literature related to nuclear membrane mechanics and its importance in envelope function.


Introduction:
 Although the association between vertebral artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissection and lateral medullary infarction (LMI) has been established, the actual prevalence of dissection among patients with LMI may still be underestimated.

 Methods:
 Consecutive patients with acute pure LMI admitted between 2010 and 2021 were included. High-resolution vessel wall MRI (VWMRI) and/or transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA) were performed in a part of patients and were regarded as gold standard tests for diagnosis of dissection. Factors associated with definite dissection based on VWMRI or TFCA findings were assessed. Risk scoring for dissection was created based on multivariate logistic regression and applied to estimate the number of possible dissection.

 Results:
 Eighty-seven LMI patients were eligible and 47 (54.0%) of them underwent VWMRI (n=43) and/or TFCA (n=7). Among these 47 cases, 24 were definite dissection. Three out of 40 patients without gold standard tests were diagnosed with definite dissection based on conventional MRI findings. Preceding headache and normal body weight were independently associated with dissection in LMI patients. A risk scoring which includes age, body mass index, and headache predicted dissection with 91.7% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.889; 95% confidence intervals, 0.802-0.977) in our population. Additional nine out of 37 patients without gold standard tests nor diagnosis of definite dissection in conventional MRI could be considered as possible dissection based on the scoring. Definite and possible dissections together comprised 41.4% (n=36) of LMI in our study.

 Conclusions:
 Arterial dissection may be more prevalent among LMI patients than reported before. Thorough diagnostic effort for dissection is necessary based on scrutinizing risk stratification.


In order to determine the local structure of carbon sp 2 clusters in chemically modified graphene oxide (GO) flakes, their luminescence was analyzed, using near-infrared photoluminescence (NIR PL) spectral imaging. GO flakes emit a broad PL spectrum of wavelengths of 800 to 1400 nm, indicating that they contain sp 2 clusters, whose size is theoretically estimated to be in the 1.3 to 2.3 nm region. The size distribution of such sp 2 clusters is fairly uniform at different positions and for different numbers of layers of GO, at the spatial resolution of NIR PL image (5 (cid:22) m). The analysis by transmission electron microscopy directly confirmed the existence of such sp 2 clusters and the estimated size of the sp 2 clusters was widely ranged from 0.5 to 4 nm. The effect of the GO reduction to the local structure of carbon sp 2 clusters was also studied and it was found that the NIR PL intensity decreased as the reduction progressed and that there was no large spectral shift. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2012.513]


Film and consumer electronics industries have known in the last few years huge technological improvements to capture, transmit and display high-quality monoscopic and stereoscopic video content. These improvements aim at providing to the viewer the most realistic viewing experience. Due to artistic intentions or physical limitations to efficiently capture and transmit video contents, it is sometimes necessary to combine simultaneously captured and synthetic data while taking care to maintain a photo-realistic rendering. To efficiently process captured and synthetic content simultaneously, production and post-production operators need to be assisted by sophisticated automatic tools. Among these tools, we thoroughly investigated both view synthesis quality assessment and long-term dense motion estimation issues. 3D autostereoscopic displays rely on the generation of realistic-looking virtual viewpoints through disparity estimation and view interpolation involved together within Depth-Image-Based Rendering (DIBR) algorithms. Despite recent advances, DIBR algorithms do not always provide artifact-free synthesized views and induce new types of artifacts whose impact can be harmful for the observer. Our contribution in this context has been to develop and evaluate a new full-reference objective image quality assessment metric dedicated to view synthesis quality assessment. Also required by recent applications such as scene segmentation or dynamic scene analysis techniques, long-term dense displacement fields allow to propagate synthetic data to the whole sequence in the context of high quality video editing. However, state-of-the-art optical flow estimators show strong limitations toward long-term requirements since classical optical flow assumptions are not valid for non-consecutive frames. Therefore, we proposed several contributions to long-term dense motion estimation based on multi-step optical flow vectors. First, a sequential fusion approach including a spatio-temporal multilateral filtering has been investigated toward long-term dense correspondences robust to temporary occlusions. Then, an alternative method has been studied based on combinatorial integration and statistical selection. Finally, we proposed multi-reference frames strategies to correlate trajectories estimated with respect to multiple reference frames selected according to motion quality criteria. Our contributions in both contexts offers new perspectives, especially for joint stereo and motion processing. In this direction, an automatic disparity correction framework using long-term dense displacement fields has been addressed.


The paper aims at analysing the problematic issue of religious communication via the television media. As the positions of media theorists and the church to the use of media in religious communication differ, the paper seeks to compare those two perceptual perspectives. Thus the first part of the paper discusses the nature, impact and communicational role of media, the second analyses television as media from a philosophical perspective and the third part focuses on the analysis of the church documents concerning the practices of existing "tele-evangelization". The paper examines the insights of the key media theorists and philosophers – Marshall McLuhan, Vilem Flusser, Jean Baudrillard, Neil Postman. McLuhan said that the qualitative changes in human history are associated with the emergence of new communication tools, so it is important to gain the proper knowledge of them for every human being. Since we are inevitably linked to the digital environment in which we live, an essential condition to enable a conscious existence in this environment is reached thorough knowledge of the defective media nature. Church openness to media is a result of different approach to media reality rather than poor absorption of the media nature.


: Fundamentally, we believe that ageing is associated with the development and acquisition of experience, wisdom, competence and respect. These developments and values apply equally to ageing people with disabilities. Ageing can often, however, be associated with negative connotations, such as declining physical health and cognitive abilities, inactivity, poverty, social isolation and social dependency. Moreover, with respect to ageing, greater prominence should be given to concepts of healthy and active ageing. Promoting positive perspectives through active ageing strategies may result in an added value to the individual as well as to society. We also recognize that ageing people with disabilities are progressing towards the ends of their lives and that this may bring particular challenges in ensuring that they achieve this with dignity and respect. This paper proposes to study the probable impact of the disabled aging population in India, the challenges to be met and the opportunities to be exploited.


Disclosed are a SIFT feature bag based bovine iris image recognition method, comprising the following steps: preprocessing an iris image to obtain an effective region; obtaining feature points by using a SIFT method; positioning an inner edge by using an active contour line method; removing the feature point in the inner edge to obtain an effective SIFT feature point set; performing comparison with an optimal SIFT feature bag to obtain a feature histogram; calculating the histogram distance between a to-be-recognized image and each image in a target iris library, and using an object corresponding to the target bovine iris image with the smallest histogram distance as an recognition result. The present invention can accurately perform recognition in cases of that the to-be-recognized bovine iris image is rotated, shifted, partially blocked, or inconsistent in scale, so as to improve the accuracy and reliability of bovine iris image recognition, thereby promoting application of the iris-based recognition method in the food traceability system.


This article addresses the topographic effect of surface roughness of a rotating magnetic disk on the flying height of a slider. Equations describing the dynamics of a slider are solved by numerical techniques to obtain the flying height. Variations in the flying height of the slider are given for topographic structures involving both deterministic and random surface asperities of the disk. It is found that surface roughness of a rotating disk plays a significant role in inducing flying‐height fluctuations, and different topographic structures of the surface roughness lead to different statistical variations in the flying height. The influence of topographic parameters such as the amplitude, shape, and wavelength of surface asperities on the flying‐height fluctuations is also investigated.


Holding or sponsoring conferences, exhibitions, competitions and special events is one of the most important approaches people collect information, exchange ideas, make decisions, build understanding, promote products, enjoy recreation and entertainment. The translation of the banners for those activities from Chinese into English focuses mainly on the order of the words, the application of nouns, numbers, articles, prepositions, punctuations, capitals and small letters, key words, placement of countries or locations, etc.


Wild berries have remained as an important part of human nutrition. They are rich in essential nutrients, (sugars, fibers, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals), health promoting phytochemicals (phenolics compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids and tannins) and minerals. Berberry spices are a valuable medicinal shrub grown in Asia and Europe. Berberry have a distinct position due to many traditional pharmacological uses. The physio-chemical and phytochemical analyses of berberry (B. Calliobotrys B. orthobotrys B. psedumbellata) fruit were carried out to determine its nutritional and phytochemical constituents. The different parameters which were observed during the studies were, pH (3.91, 3.52 and 3.33), TSS, (20.22, 18.18 and 15.56 ⁰ Brix) titrateable acidity (2.26, 2.18 and 1.36% citric acid), ash (0.79, 1.05 1.13%) , moisture (80.47, 74.96 and 80.13%), total sugars (14.98, 12.44 and 12.99 %) reducing sugars (9.00, 7.23and 7.68) non-reducing sugars 6.10, 5.45 and 5.95% ) crude protein (188.8.131.52 and 1.10 %), fat (0.69, 0.67 and 0.83%), fiber (0.73, 0.78 and 0.94%) ascorbic acid (10.70, 14.92 and 13.59%), antioxidant activity (76.01, 71 and 80.65 %), total carotenoids (370.1, 345.80 and 381.69 µg/100g), total flavonid (385.52, 376.93 and 395.09), total phenolics (689.82, 675.68 and 702.94) and total anthocyanins (80.78, 77.52 and 83.55) mg/100ml fresh fruits of berberry respectively. *Corresponding Author: Amjad Ali  firstname.lastname@example.com


This paper describes an architecture for remote monitoring of a distributed embedded system via Internet. The data at the target system is gathered with a time-triggered sensor network which transmits the measured values to a local target server. The sensor network approach makes the system easily adaptable to different embedded target systems. The sensor network is connected to a target server that communicates via Internet with visualization and programming tools at the monitoring computer. The visualization clients provide a live display of the parameters of the observed system. The target server acts as a gateway between target system and monitoring clients and provides security and authentication features for connecting monitoring clients. One target server is able to serve for multiple target systems. As a case study, the presented system will be used in an embedded systems lab course where students are requested to implement various applications on an embedded target board. Using the remote monitoring feature, a student is able to do the work from his or her home place


Omni drive robots operate by combined motion of more than 2 wheels leading to a force vector in resultant direction and thus enabling the robot to travel in that direction. Omni drive systems are quite efficient from the travelling point of view as compared to non-holonomic (non omni drive) systems, which require stopping at a position and taking a turn. This paper describes a very sophisticated yet simple approach to motion planning of such omni drive robots that would not only decrease the time taken by these robots to perform several tasks, but also increase the efficiency to quite a greater extent. Moreover the system being less complex, it can be implemented on a low cost processing unit and there is no need for high end processors or computers to run such robots. These systems, if developed properly, can bring a quite breakthrough by involving robotics in our daily life commercial applications.


This paper examines the effect of M&A on R&D intensity within the healthcare industry. The healthcare industry as defined in this paper consists of two industry segments; the pharmaceutical industry and the medical device industry that are both examined separately but with the same methodology using inverse propensity score weighting and weighted least squares. There is some trouble with the covariate balancing meaning that one should be cautious with over interpreting the results. I find that the effect on R&D intensity from acquisitions is insignificant but that cross border acquisitions appear to have a more positive impact on R&D than domestic acquisitions. I also find that there is some evidence of medical device manufacturers opting to acquire technology rather than developing in-house. No evidence that multi-acquirers behave differently from other acquirers is found.


Recent advances on the technology of manufacturing styrene were briefly reviewed, especially emphasized on the catalyst and technology involved. A brief description was also given on the most promising catalyst and technology in future.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of tension-free mesh-plug repair in inguinal henia.Method:Using the mesh-plug material to treat 296 patients.The average operation time,complication and recurrence rate were studied.Result:The average operation time was 60 minutes,only one case had recurrence,and one had subcutaneous hydrops in incision.8 cases had scrotal hydrops.2 cases had pneumodermas.No reject reaction was found.Conclusion:Mesh-plug tension-free herinoplasty is a perfect surgicaltechnique,Its is tensionfree,time-savingand fewer recurrence.Meanwhile,the method could be applied to those with intestinal necrosis.


In ShortGiven increasing student mobility and the new culture of learning generated by the Web's information-rich, highly collaborative environment, students should learn to document and manage the...


The current research deals with identifying theeffect of the application of electronic management in achieving theentrepreneurial orientation of organizations. The Ministry of Construction, Housing, Municipalities, and Public Works has been chosen as a community for research because it is responsible for providing the necessary services to citizens and for the degradation of the services provided, It was necessary to find a way to help the ministry in reaching entrepreneurial From here were the questions of the research problem: Does the application of electronic management affect the achievement of leadership in the ministry and the possibility of electronic management in achieving the entrepreneurial orientation.The importance of the research was to clarify the important role that electronic management plays in achieving the entrepreneurial orientation of the organization in a way that makes it capable of facing the changes of the external environment and alerting the higher management to the importance of applying electronic management in order to benefit from it in achieving the organization's goals and developing its performance.The questionnaire was adopted as a tool to collect data, and two main hypotheses were formulated and sub-hypotheses branched through which the following conclusions were reached that the application of electronic management contributes to achieving creativity and that includes openness and the use of new knowledge such as technology and it turns out that the ministry is weak in providing the necessary infrastructure For the application of electronic management, as it was limited to electronic devices, and linking the departments of the Ministry with the Internet to exchange information and data electronically.The research presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which is emphasizing the use of electronic management in all departments of the ministry, especially as they are service departments, which contributes to achieving customer satisfaction and improving the performance of the ministry and the need for higher management attention to enhance the dimensions of the entrepreneurial orientation, especially after (creative and proactive) Because it has a role in achieving the ministry's goals.


Background: Thyroid cancer is a heterogeneous disease that affects all age groups. The tumors are found to be more aggressive in the elderly. The distribution of these cancers in India continues to remain uncertain. The impact of geographic locations in the incidence of thyroid malignancies is yet to be explored. This study was done to estimate the prevalence and distribution of thyroid cancers.Methods: This hospital based retrospective study was done at the Department of Surgery of our medical college hospital. About 50 medical records of patients diagnosed with thyroid cancers at our hospital were analyzed. Data on clinical examination, ultrasound findings and histopathology findings were documented.Results: Out of the 50 patients studied 16 patients had dysphagia, eight patients had dyspnoea and 24 patients had regional metastasis. The most common surgery done for the primary cancer is total thyroidectomy. Hemithyroidectomy was done in 10 patients with SNG, out of which one patient had discrete lymph node per operatively and node dissection was carried out.Conclusions: TSH suppressive doses are recommended for all patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancers. A cohort study to analyze the survival outcomes of the patients treated with both the surgical modalities will give an insight into the management of thyroid malignancies.


The concern over the limited supply and the environmental effects of fossil fuels has led to increasing efforts directed towards the development of semiconductor photocatalysts for the production of hydrogen from water by using solar energy. However, despite years of effort in this area of research, there are still many challenges that need to be met before such a photocatalytic process becomes economically feasible. The current limitations include the inadequate conduction-band energy levels for the photoreduction of


Cytotoxic effects of human epithelial carcinoma HeLa cells sensitivity to human mammary epithelial MCF10A cells appeared in incubation with the plasma-activated medium (PAM), where the cell culture media were irradiated with the hollow-shaped contact of a continuously discharged plasma that was sustained by application of a microwave power under Ar gas flow at atmospheric pressure. The discharged plasma had an electron density of 7  ×  1014 cm−3. As the nozzle exit to the plasma source was a distance of 5 mm to the medium, concentrations of 180 µM for H2O2 and 77 µM for NO2− were generated in the PAM for 30 s irradiation, resulting in the control of irradiation periods for aqueous H2O2 with a generation rate of 6.0 µM s−1, and nitrite ion (NO2−) with a rate of 2.2 µM s−1. Effective concentrations of H2O2 and NO2− for the antitumor effects were revealed in the microwave-excited PAM, with consideration of the complicated reactions at the plasma-liquid interfaces.


Improvements of welding processes by plasma or laser require a good knowledge of the microscopic properties of the liquid associated to the melted area. The development of new high temperature NMR probes allows to reach such a goal. In the case of alumina bearing liquids, the analysis of the 27Al resonance line shows a rapid exchange regime of Al in four, five or six fold coordination together with a dependence of the resonance line versus the liquid composition.


This study purposedto identify the strategy for developing and implementing the strategy carried out by the Department of Tourism and Culture of Gowa Regency in the development of tourism objects in the Malino. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The number of informants in this study were 5 people. The type of data consisted of primary data obtained through interviews and observations, while secondary data were obtained from report documents and regulations. The results of this study showed that the development strategy undertaken by the Department of Tourism and Culture of Gowa Regency was a strategy as a plan for the implementation of the identified development strategies such as the aspects of attraction, aspects of accessibility, access to amenities, and aspects of additional services must continue to develop the availability of aspects Accessibility, amenities and Anciliary Service were sufficiently supportive but still needed to be developed in terms of special transportation that connected tourism objects, tourism information centers, money chergers, theater buildings, and several roads that still needed to be improved so that tourists who were visiting Malino felt comfortable.


Functional design plays the central role in ensuring design quality and product innovation. This paper proposes a functional design approach which is supported by effects in TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving). The relationship among function, flow and behavior are discussed. Based on six effect-chain modes and three reasoning methods, multiple effect chains that produce the same output can be generated by effects, which can help engineers achieve breakthrough innovation by proposing new and unexpected variations in producing a specific output. A design example for functional design of a Chinese medicine mechanism is presented to demonstrate the proposed functional design methodology.


In this paper we present a planar left-handed material pattern on the rectangular patch antenna mounted on the substrate is designed to enhance its horizontal radiation as well as to broaden its working bandwidth. The parametric study is done to study the effect of the ground plane slots width of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mm respectively on the return loss and bandwidth enhancement, the best value of g is 0.4 mm. Enhancement in the bandwidth is achieved by introducing the Meta material phenomena instead of the single patch antenna is about 19.2 times with g = 0.4 mm.


Non‐native linguistic pitch perception is subject to influence from a variety of factors in addition to linguistic background, including musical experience. The present study investigated the effects of musical aptitude and musical experience on Cantonese tone word learning and how these musical factors interact with linguistic experience. Adult native Thai listeners whose native language (L1) is tonal and English listeners with a non‐tonal L1, subdivided into musician and non‐musician groups, engaged in a seven‐session perceptual training program, learning the meanings of 15 novel vocabulary words distinguished by five Cantonese lexical tones. Before training, a musical aptitude task was administered to establish the participants' level of musicality and auditory discrimination skills. The results show significant group differences in tone word learning proficiency by the end of training. English musicians outperformed their non‐musician counterparts; however, the Thai musicians were not significantly different from the Thai non‐musicians. Results from regression analyzes further show that higher musical aptitude scores predicted tone word learning success for the English group but not for the Thai group. These findings suggest that the influence of musical experience in constructing novel lexical representations of tone words differs as a function of linguistic background.


In recent work published in Science, the leaf-cutter ant is reported to cultivate fungus fields to assist in degrading the biomass of leaves that drop in the rain forest, which it then uses as a nutrient source of nitrogen (1). It is often easy to overlook or misunderstand the importance of interactions between us and our environment, especially within the jungle of cells, mediators, and functions that make up healthy or diseased tissues. Like the ants on the floor of a real jungle, mast cells have been known to be present, but relatively little has been known about their precise roles in this complex ecosystem. As Trivedi and Caughey describe in their review in this issue of the Journal (pp. 257–267) (2) mast cells are now emerging as being much more important, and complex, than we ever comprehended. In recent years, the mast cell has moved beyond its tag as simply an inducer of allergic reactions (and mainly the immediate anaphylactic responses) to being appreciated as having important regulatory properties in a diverse range of immune responses that includes both proand anti-inflammatory effects. Notably, this spans the important interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Mast cells regulate both pathophysiologic conditions, including autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), transplant rejection, and pain, as well as physiologic responses, such as protective responses against bacterial infection, venom inactivation, and wound healing. With hindsight, this diverse role for mast cells might have been expected due to their unique properties. They are present in all tissues and are abundantly located at mucosal and connective tissue sites where environmental sensing occurs. We now know that they are activated by an incredibly diverse range of stimuli, which includes both innate and adaptive immune triggers. However, perhaps the most diverse element in the biology of mast cells is the cornucopia of mediators that they can generate. From preformed small bioactive molecules, such as histamine, serotonin, and arachidonic acid metabolites, to cytokines and chemokines, mast cells have an ability to profoundly alter the function of cells within their local environment. As this review highlights, no family of mast cell products demonstrates this complexity more than the peptidases. It has been 20 years since Tam and Caughey reported that mast cell–derived tryptase could hydrolyze bronchodilatory vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (3) and proposed that this might enhance bronchial responsiveness in asthma. Modulating the activity of other biological mediators is now seen as an important route by which mast cells can regulate inflammation. In addition, subsequent work has shown more direct effects of the peptidases, such as the mitogenic effects of tryptase on tracheal smooth muscle cells, via ERK1 and 2 (4). While many studies have used tryptase and chymase simply as specific markers of mast cells to demonstrate their potential to produce other immune mediators that might contribute to airway disease, such as IL-4 and IL-5 (5), this review provides important considerations on the complexity and functions of the peptidases themselves. Trivedi and Caughey elegantly highlight the genetic evidence for an ongoing battle in innate immune protection, with a vast degree of species-specific gene duplications, mutations, and linkage. Importantly, these have profound effects of the substrate specificity of the peptidases. As discussed, the division of mast cell peptidases into ''tryptic'' and ''chemotryptic'' is now clearly over-simplistic, with some mutations having tremendous influence over the enzymatic specificity. This is particularly evident between different species and best demonstrated in the case of MCP-5: elastolytic in mice and rats but chymotryptic in humans. In this age of exuberant genetic investigation, the mast cell peptidases are an example of how caution must be taken and how functional characterization remains critical to translate between animals and humans. This hyperevolutionary characteristic of these peptidases also hampers development and testing of new therapeutics, since humans differ greatly from other animal species in the peptidases that their mast cells contain and the specificity of the enzymes themselves. As discussed by Trivedi and Caughey, the interpretation of results from peptidasedeficient animals will require awareness of this, especially since several members of this family appear to influence airway inflammation. For example, mouse mast cell protease 4 (mMCP-4) has recently been shown to protect against allergic airway inflammation in studies that compare wild-type mice to mMCP-4–deficient mice (6). As this review concludes, understanding the nature and evolution of mast cell peptidases, while a complex and daunting challenge, provides an ideal opportunity to investigate how the interactions with pathogens and our environment actually shape the diversity and functions of our immune response. Much like the leaf-cutter ant, mast cells may actually evolve from living in and among the pathogens.


Purpose: The aim of this paper is to unveil the reasons that have led to the recent deterioration of the economic situation of pharmacies in Portugal, using as the metric of analysis the characteristics in the management of these units. Methodology: The paper opted for a comparison of economic indicators adopted by pharmacies which hold the official SME Excellence distinction and the pharmacies which do not. The strategy applied compares some management ratios, of pharmacies classified as Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) of Excellence in 2011 Findings: Pharmacies with SME classification register a net profit, in terms of sales, higher than Pharmacies with non SME classification. The net profit and the EBITDA of sales prove to be higher, in pharmacies with SME classification than the sales which pharmacies with non SME classification registered. Value of paper: This paper fulfils an identified need to study how pharmacies could be better managed, considering the economic changes that several countries are facing. The study highlight the quality of management practiced as the main differentiating factor in the operational results achieved by pharmacies.


The present invention provides methods and compounds for producing dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and its intermediates. The present invention provides for the production of cyclopropyl-based - Method and compound dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor fused to the pyrrolidine. PTA-4520 20020628


The purpose of this report is to compare natality data from the 1980 National Natality Survey of the United States with data from birth certificates. Topics covered include demographic variables pregnancy history prenatal care and measures of pregnancy outcome. (ANNOTATION)


For the function of Shanghai international tourist resort committee site on underground pipeline planning approve in the area of Disneyland Park,this paper explored the establishment and application of underground pipelines GIS in the area of Shanghai international tourist resort.The system includes underground pipeline planning approve,construction approval,final acceptance and etc.


Acoustic predator recognition has rarely been studied in anurans, in spite of the fact that hearing is widespread in these animals and that it has been demonstrated to play an important role in both arthropods and other vertebrates. Using field playback experiments, we tested the hypothesis that adult common toads (Bufo bufo) are capable of recognizing natural vocalizations of a common predator, the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), and show antipredator responses. We found that toads exposed to both natural (two types of otter sounds) and synthetic stimuli [white noise (WN) and otter sound-based amplitude modulated WN] increased time allocated to locomotion and escape behaviour. These responses were correlated with time elapsed from sunset to the onset of testing and were independent from the type of acoustic signal, toad features and other environmental factors monitored. We conclude that B. bufo has not developed a selective recognition of predator vocalizations, suggesting that low-frequency or seismic sounds associated with predator movements may provide anurans with better cues about an approaching risk. We propose that the time-dependent response to acoustic stimuli of common toads represents a case of threat-sensitivity and demonstrates that it can occur even when the response to the threat is not predator specific.


The estimation of P(S n >u) by simulation, where S n is the sum of independent, identically distributed random varibles Y 1 ,…,Y n , is of importance in many applications. We propose two simulation estimators based upon the identity P(S n >u)=nP(S n >u, M n =Y n ), where M n =max(Y 1 ,…,Y n ). One estimator uses importance sampling (for Y n only), and the other uses conditional Monte Carlo conditioning upon Y 1 ,…,Y n−1. Properties of the relative error of the estimators are derived and a numerical study given in terms of the M/G/1 queue in which n is replaced by an independent geometric random variable N. The conclusion is that the new estimators compare extremely favorably with previous ones. In particular, the conditional Monte Carlo estimator is the first heavy-tailed example of an estimator with bounded relative error. Further improvements are obtained in the random-N case, by incorporating control variates and stratification techniques into the new estimation procedures.


The lifetimes of gold films were measured at electrical current densities of (0.8−1.15) ×106 A/cm2 and temperatures of 220−500 °C. The effective activation energy was found to be 0.42 eV. Electromigration caused the formation of voids, hillocks, and whiskers. All films failed near the cathode, suggesting that gold atoms migrate in the direction of electron flow. The film lifetime is governed both by the temperature gradients and local structural changes. An approximate equation which takes into account these effects was derived to evaluate the film lifetimes.


A thesis presented to the School of Graduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of
Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partial fulfillment for the award of Master of
Philosophy Degree in Mechanical Engineering, 2003


Introduction: Malabsorptive diarrhoea and dehydration complicating short bowel syndrome (SBS) are difficult tomanage despitemedical therapy and dietary manipulation. Dietary supplementation with High Amylase Resistant Starch (HARS) has been demonstrated to reduce diarrhoea from a number of causes including gastroenteritis and cholera. We hypothesised that the addition of HARS would decrease stool output via the production of short chain fatty acids and a resultant increase in colonic water reabsorption. This pilot study aimed to determine whether the addition of HARS reduced diarrhoea in patients with SBS. Methods: Participants with SBS with colon in continuity consuming oral diet were recruited from the intestinal rehabilitation clinic at the Austin Hospital, Melbourne. The study involved a 2 week crossover trial. Each participant completed the control (usual diet) followed by the intervention (addition of 50 g HARS to usual diet) for 1 week each. Total daily stool weight and number of bowel actions per day were compared between groups using paired t-tests. Results: Eight adults (58%male, mean age 55.7) were recruited. Five of the 8 participants completed the trial. The length of residual small bowel ranged from 20-120 cm. Total daily stool weight was reduced in all participants when consuming HARS (Figure 1). Mean daily stool output was significantly decreased 1049 ± 519 g/d to 804 ± 585 g/d (p = 0.023). The number of bowel actions per day were not significantly different (p = 0.6) but were overall numerically reduced in the majority of subjects post-intervention with HARS (Figure 2). Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest that dietary supplementation of HARS in patients with short bowel syndrome (with colon in continuity) reduces stool output. HARS is a soluble tasteless powder which can be easily and inexpensively incorporated into the diet andmay have the potential to decrease reliance on intravenous nutrition or hydration. Further adequately powered trials are required to confirm the effect of HARS on nutrition and hydration status. This study was funded by a grant received from the Austin Medical Research Foundation. Austin Health Medical Research Foundation.


japonicum, S. haematobium, Schistosoma mekongi, and Schistosoma intercalatum. The former three are the majority. The only one principally infects urinary tract is S. haematobium, causing urinary schistosomiasis. S. haematobium is f i r s t l y d i scove red by a Ge rman physician, Theodor Bilharz, during an autopsy in Egypt in 1851.[2] Therefore, sch is tosomias i s has a synonym, bilharziasis. To date, S. haematobium infection is still prevalent in sub‐Saharan Africa and part of the Middle East[1] The life cycle of S. haematobium is as follows: ova shed from the urine of affected patients; the miracidia hatch out from the ova and penetrate the intermediate Access this article online Website: www.ijpmonline.org PMID: 29323093 DOI: 10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_182_16 Quick Response Code: Im a g e


The Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archiving Center (PO.DAAC), NASA's primary data center for archiving and distributing oceanographic data, is supporting the Jason and TOPEX/Poseidon satellite tandem missions by providing a variety of data products, tools, and distribution methods to the wider scientific and general community. PO.DAAC has developed several new data products for sea level residual measurements, providing a long-term climate data record from 1992 to the present. These products provide compatible measurements of sea level residuals for the entire time series including the tandem TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason mission. Several data distribution tools are available from NASA PO.DAAC. The Near-Real-Time Image Distribution Server (NEREIDS) provides quick-look browse images and binary data files. The PO.DAAC Ocean ESIP Tool (POET) provides interactive, on-line data subsetting and visualization for several altimetry data products.


Dermatomyositis is a rare inflammatory degenerative disease characterized by skin lesions and progressive muscle atrophy. The etiology of dermatomyositis is unknown, but genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors have been suggested to play an important role. Oral manifestations include diffuse stomatitis, pharyngitis, and capillary abnormalities in gingiva. Here, we report the dental management of a patient who was diagnosed and treated for dermatomyositis.


In order to provide valuable reference for deep roadway excavating through large fault tectonic area,geo-stress was tested by trepanning stress relief method. Taking measured geo-stresses as initial condition,3-d finite difference numerical simulation mode was set up. Elaborate geo-stress field of this area was obtained by 3-d regression method. Results showed that regressed geo-stress filed was fit for that from actual test,maximum error was only about 14. 31%. At pre-excavate roadway location( buried depth was 800m),inner stress of large fault weakened,whose stress difference from stress-concentrated fault boundary was 3. 0MPa. This made fault vicinity become stress active zone,that was,cracks development zone. Direction of horizontal principal stress deviated 3. 5°in stress active zone,which largely changed rock stress state and added rock damage possibility influenced by mining. Therefore,reinforcing roadway supporting in stress active zone was necessary.


Background: Persisting burden of anaemia during pregnancy, global public health concern, is commonest disorder globally. Severe anaemia is potentially fatal for mother and baby. Objective: Present study was carried out to know about burden of anaemia and perinatal outcome in rural tribal pregnant women. Material methods: Prospective community based study was conducted in 100 villages, where mother, child care services were initiated after having created a health facility in one, using pretested tool to get information required as per objectives. Results: Of 3713 women who delivered, 2617 (70.5%) were anaemic, 1351 (36.4%) mildly, 964 (26.0%) moderately, 211 (5.7%) severely and 91 (2.5%) very severely anaemic during pregnancy. Amongst 2617 anaemic women, 8.6% had Preterm (PT), 91.4% term births, 4% of 225 PT were Intra Uterine Foetal Deaths (IUFDs), 0.9% of 2392 term IUFDs, seventeen (7.5%) of 225 PT babies were Stillborn (SB), 5.2% of 2392 term SB, 78.6% of 225 PT were Low Birth Weight (LBW), 73.4% of 2392 term LBW, 70.2% of 225 PT were Small for Gestational Age (SGA) babies and 36.5% of 2392 term SGA. Total 1.8% babies had early Neonatal Deaths (NNDs) and 0.7% late NNDs. Amongst 1096 non-anaemic women, 1.3% had PT, 98.7% term births, no IUFD, All 14 PT births were SB, 3.9% term born were SB, 1.2% PT were LBW, 30.5% term LBW, 0.6% PT SGA, 3.8% term SGA. Total 0.09% early NNDs occurred in non-anaemic women. Of 10 women who died, five had severe anaemia, three of them died of post-partum haemorrhage, one congestive cardiac failure, one puerperal sepsis with multi-organ failure. Conclusion: Anaemia was very common in rural tribal pregnant women, quite a few were very severely anaemic with many LBW, SGA babies, perinatal and maternal deaths.


Food's ingredients,such as carbohydrate,protein and fat etc.will influence microwave food's cuisine.The spiral structure of starch in carbohydrate will have certain effect on the absorption of food's cuisine and the feature of dissoluble cuisine molecular in polysaccharide glue.Fat's acidolysis will make the food bitter and astringent,fat's oxidation will give off bad smells etc.Microwave food always has light color and weak cuisine.To solve this problem,amino acid and certain carbohydrate can be added in,and Maillard reaction can be used as well.


SUBTITLE: THAI AIRWAYS HAS IMPLEMENTED IMPRESSIVE STRATEGIES IN THE WAKE OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS IN ASIA: WITH THE PRIVATIZATION PROCESS LOOKING MORE CONCRETE THAN EVER, AND THE NEW STRATEGIES STARTING TO PAY DIVIDENDS, THE MOOD AT THAI IS OPTIMISTIC.


With the accession to the world trade organization, China's participation in the global economy more and more reflect the breadth and depth, society of international trade professionals are increasingly high requirements. Institutions of higher learning in the training of the students should be to cultivate the applied talents as the goal and for social progress, economic development, and enterprise talents services. This article from the enhancement of international trade talent education, on objective description of international trade professional's personality training and skill training are indispensable and international trade in the learning medium needs to be based on the segmentation of the training, the training of international trade major in application-oriented professionals in the concrete measures and strategies.


We are watching the approval of Aducanumab with interest given that we had cloned the antibody to evaluate whether a combination with therapeutic ultrasound would be more effective in clearing amyloid and improving cognitive functions in the APP23 mouse strain. We had found that the combination therapy achieved up to 5-fold higher intracerebral antibody concentrations at the time point analysed. It also led to a lower amyloid burden and improved memory functions. Our data suggest that a combination therapy in humans may allow to reduce the antibody concentration required for achieving therapeutic outcomes.


Considering the effect of slots, this paper presents an analytical calculation model of armature reaction magnetic field in permanent magnet (PM) brushless DC motor. The self-inductance and mutual inductance of the windings are derived. Based on the analysis of the no-load magnetic field distribution, the no-load back EMF waveform, the main circuit topology of a PM motor and a field-circuit coupling model of the windings are performed. Subsequently, waveforms of phase current are pictured. Taking into account slots, the armature reaction magnetic field distribution and the loaded resultant magnetic field distribution at arbitrary time are calculated. The instantaneous electromagnetic torque at arbitrary time is investigated, too. Based on the previous work, the electromagnetic torque ripple and the commutation torque ripple can be analyzed quantitatively. The presented method can function as a powerful tool to analyze performance, vibration and noise of a permanent magnet brushless DC motor.


Since 1972, food prices have risen more than the overall rate of inflation. This is in contrast to the preceding decade when food prices generally lagged behind increases in the prices of non-food items and services. The question which this paper seeks to answer is what can be done specifically to hold down or reduce the cost of food over and above general policies designed to bring down the rate of inflation. Among the things which the government might do is to alter support programs for farm products or to authorize additional imports of commodities like beef.


Significance Semiconductor heterojunction is a key building block in modern electronics and optoelectronics. The accurate control over the composition, band gap, energy level (band bending), and doping level is the foundation of ideal functional heterojunctions. We demonstrate highly spatially resolved heterojunctions in a type of semiconductor, halide perovskites, which show great potential in photovoltaic and solid-state lighting applications. We accomplish this through the combination of facile anion-exchange chemistry with nanofabrication techniques. The halide perovskite nanowire heterojunction provides an ideal platform for fundamental studies and technological applications. For example, multicolor lasers or LEDs could be made using such localized heterojunctions; quantitative interdiffusion and ion migration dynamics could be examined at elevated temperatures, etc. Halide perovskites are promising semiconductor materials for solution-processed optoelectronic devices. Their strong ionic bonding nature results in highly dynamic crystal lattices, inherently allowing rapid ion exchange at the solid–vapor and solid–liquid interface. Here, we show that the anion-exchange chemistry can be precisely controlled in single-crystalline halide perovskite nanomaterials when combined with nanofabrication techniques. We demonstrate spatially resolved multicolor CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I, or alloy of two halides) nanowire heterojunctions with a pixel size down to 500 nm with the photoluminescence tunable over the entire visible spectrum. In addition, the heterojunctions show distinct electronic states across the interface, as revealed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. These perovskite heterojunctions represent key building blocks for high-resolution multicolor displays beyond current state-of-the-art technology as well as high-density diode/transistor arrays.


Employee engagement is an emerging approach for organizational success as well as holding talented employees. Engagement contributes extensively to an organization's performance, leading to improvement in profitability, customer satisfaction and long-term financial results. It also helps the employees to make a noteworthy contribution to their organization. Lack of consensus among the academicians, research scholars and management consultants on the definition of engagement has created an academic and research gap. A majority of reviewed conceptualizations shared a multidimensional nature of employee engagement. This paper is based on quantitative content analysis of employee engagement. The purpose of the study is to determine the frequency of different dimensions employed to define engagement. The results illustrate that psychological investment and workrole performances are the most counted dimensions to measure employee engagement.


Today bilingual teaching in college or university has become popular.How to go on the bilingual teaching of world history under the theory of constructivism is the core of discussion in this article.This article aunches a discussion about two points on the function which constructivism theory plays on bilingual teaching of world history.The first point: the systematic and up-to-date of text.The second point: exertion of teaching method


An agent makes decisions with multiple sources of information. In isolation, each source is well understood, but jointly their correlation is unknown. We study the agent's robustly optimal strategies—those that give the best possible guaranteed payoff, even under the worst possible correlation. With two states and two actions, we show that a robustly optimal strategy uses a single information source, ignoring all others. In general decision problems, robustly optimal strategies combine multiple sources of information, but the number of information sources that are needed has a bound that only depends on the decision problem. These findings provide a new rationale for why information is ignored.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:There is a growing trend towards active surveillance for low-risk prostatic adenocarcinoma. Determination of which patients safely fit into this category is of considerab...


Background: Transcatheter device closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect is a safe & effective intervention in older children, & is usually done under transesophageal echocardiography guidance. However, the procedure under transthoracic echocardiography guidance, especially in smaller children, is done only at few centers, the data of which is scarce.
Methods: A prospective study was undertaken to assess the mid-term efficacy and outcome of transcatheter device closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect  under transthoracic echocardiographic guidance, in children <15 Kg.
Results: Eighty three children with ostium secundum atrial septal defect  were included in the study. Median age of the study population was 3.5 years (1.9-5.6 years), and median weight of 11.6 Kg (7.6 - 14.9 Kg). The primary and secondary procedural success rates were 94% and 96.4% respectively. Post procedure patients were followed up for 12-30 months. Device related major complications were encountered in 4 (4.8%) cases. The total occlusion rates of the defect at 24 hours, 1 month and 3 months post procedure were 94%, 98.8% and 100% respectively.
Conclusion: The transcatheter device closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect  under transthoracic echocardiography guidance, in children <15 Kg, has a high short and mid-term safety and efficacy.


This introductory article discusses the concept of ,Anmutung', a German term roughly equivalent to the English term ,stationality' that is used by radio practitioners to describe the overall ,look and feel' of the audible output of a radio station or programme. In order to grasp the phenomenon behind this practice-based term systematically and make its discussion compatible to scientific discourse, the first part of the article (chapter 2-5) adopts four theoretical concepts from different areas of Humanities, namely the concepts of ,Sound', ,Rhetoric', ,Aesthetics' and ,Identity', and shows that their application to radio stationality allows to describe sound-related aspects of language, speech, voice, sound design and mixing techniques used in radio in detail and from different angles. It is argued that the phenomena at stake are forming an aesthetics of the everyday that constitutes through opportunities to enjoy productive processes and productive artefacts. It is further shown that the resulting stationalities are built from complex encodings of values and styles that correspond to social identities of specific target groups. Linking these concepts to existing approaches in radio research, the second part of the article (chapter 6-7) sketches breadth and depth of the field studied by the scholarly network entitled ,Radio Aesthetics – Radio Identities' and closes with an exemplary account on the ongoing research on the concept of authenticity of radio presenters.


In nitrobenzene production process, reboiler explosion accident often occurs in rectification system. The heat sensitivity of two main mediums of the reboiler, nitrobenzene tar and nitrobenzene sediment, was studied by experiment. The conclusion was that the heat sensitivity of nitrobenzene sediment is much higher than nitrobenzene tar. By study of the technological process, the frequent fluctuating of the liquid level, the mistakes in temperature control and the concentration increase of explosive material were considered as three main reasons of forming explosive nitrobenzene sediment. Potential ignition energies of the explosion were mainly oxidation heat, decomposition heat, frictional energy and impact energy. The explosion mechanism and its developing process were deduced farther: the dry nitrobenzene sediment was ignited first by the possible ignition energy, and the explosion energy may cause partial nitrobenzene tar to explode. Finally, according formation of nitrobenzene sediment and ignition energy, some safety countermeasures were provided to prevent the accident.


This research examines the lead-time setting, capacity utilization, and pricing decisions facing a firm serving customers that are sensitive to quoted lead-times. We model the firm's operations as an M/M/1 queue and treat the demand as being linear in price and quoted lead-time. We analyze the quoted lead-time, capacity utilization, and price that maximize revenues less total variable production costs, WIP holding costs, and lateness penalty costs. We use this analysis to show that the capacity utilization should be lower when (1) customers are more sensitive to lead-times and/or (2) the firm incurs higher congestion related costs and/or (3) the penalty for lateness is higher. Further, we study the robustness of optimal profit contributions when the model parameters are mis-estimated.


Purpose of reviewCytomegalovirus is a major viral pathogen complicating organ transplantation. Recent advantages have been achieved through the development of new diagnostic technologies and use of antivirals. Cytomegalovirus-associated indirect effects, such as risk of rejection, transplant vasculopathy, and other infections, have been investigated. Recent findingsQuantitative molecular methods to monitor viral load, especially the new real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques, are commonly used to guide treatment of cytomegalovirus infections and preemptive therapy. Intravenous ganciclovir is the drug of choice for treatment of symptomatic infections, and its oral form is successfully used in prophylactic and preemptive regimens. High-dose acyclovir or its derivative valacyclovir is useful for prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease, and valganciclovir, a derivative of ganciclovir, is under clinical investigation. The criteria for cytomegalovirus infection and disease have been updated. Besides enhanced transplant vasculopathy, the indirect effects of cytomegalovirus—association with acute or chronic rejection—are suggestive but not conclusive. Involvement of cytomegalovirus in coronary artery remodeling is associated with the impaired ability of the vessel wall to enlarge in response to intimal increase. Alloresponse is involved in the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus-enhanced chronic changes; chemokines play a major role in this process, as shown in animal models. Posttransplant recurrence of hepatitis C virus and concurrent activation of human herpesvirus-6 and human herpesvirus-7 are new associations of cytomegalovirus. SummaryAlthough new diagnostic techniques and prophylactic and preemptive therapies have made it easier to control the virus, cytomegalovirus infection remains a significant problem in transplantation. Further clinical investigation is needed to understand the indirect effects of cytomegalovirus.


The LHCb is one of the four major experiments currently operating at CERN. The main reason for constructing the LHCb forward spectrometer was a precise measurement of the CP violation in heavy quarks section as well as search for a New Physics. To obtain interesting results, the LHCb is mainly focused on study of B meson decays. Unfortunately, due to the present data acquisition architecture, the LHCb experiment is statistically limited for collecting such events. This fact led the LHCb Collaboration to decide to perform far-reaching upgrade. Key part of this upgrade will be replacement of the TT detector. To perform this action, it was requited to design new tracking detector with entirely new front-end electronics. This detector will be called the Upstream Tracker (UT) and the read-out chip — SALT. This note presents an overall discussion on SALT chip. In particular, the emulation process of the SALT data preformed via the software written by the author.


In this article an application of the Valence Theory complemented with aspects from cognitive linguistics is presented. The intention is to propose a new focus for the distinction between actantes and circunstantes and their relationship with the verbal predicate. Taking as a base the difference between Valence's First and Second Grades (the latter of which is mainly concentrated on the circunstantes of mode and place) - a reflection of a gradual concept of the Valence union with respect to the predicate - one tries, starting with the description of the meaning of the verbs, to demonstrate what type of information these lexical units entail or coactivate. This procedure reveals that the relationship of the predicate with each of these elements is different.


This article is an analysis of the time-space patterns of COVID19 in Santa Catarina, Brazil in two moments between March and April 2020. The applied methodology took into consideration the spatial configuration and typification of its municipalities from two studies by IBGE superimposing the confirmed cases of the municipalities in Santa Catarina. The number of cases and deaths was not evaluated. The results point to three distinct spatial dynamics (degree of urbanization and population concentration), with two diffusing flows from COVID19. With growing number of municipalities with confirmed cases and with different characteristics among them, the future scenario will involve planning and adequacy of the emergency response infrastructure differentiated in fighting COVID19 in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.


The aerospace sector has great importance for the technological development of a nation, since it has diverse applications, from the area of telecommunications to questions of the defense of the national sovereignty. Thus, the study of space vehicles, and their design complexities, is necessary. One of the main problems in the development of rockets is the temperature, which reaches very high values in the combustion chamber of the rocket engine, which ends up creating a high temperature gradient and, consequently, facilitating the heat transmission to parts of the fuselage, which may not tolerate marked heating due to their material. In this work, numerical methods was used to thermally analyze the heat transfer of a class J engine to the fuselage, built in composite, of a 1500 m apogee academic rocket. A maximum temperature of 80°C was established in the walls of the body tube, due to the Glass Transition Temperature, so that the objective was to find, through the simulation of several insulation configurations, the configuration that would best maintain the structural integrity of the rocket. Graphs of the temperature distribution were obtained along the analyzed model, as well as graphs of validation of the results. It was concluded that the best configuration was the use of timber as structural material and fiberglass as insulator.


A dithering boundary electrode array for high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer was reported.Electrodes with saw tooth like boundary,etched on printed circuit boards,are used for making accelerator and reflector of TOF-MS,which maximize the utilization of vacuum chamber and can hold large size ion detector.Resolution of TOF-MS exceeds 9,000 FWHM and S/N ratio is doubled.This method is accurate and stable for production,which is one of the key innovations in the development of MS800 LC-TOF-MS.


The research aims at the problems in the recent development and its background both at home and abroad of lead-free soldering technology and its advantages,such as non-pollution,changes of temperature,changes of solder joints figuration,changes of metallography organization.The basic methods to deal with the corresponding problems and factors which affect its applications are discussed.Some influencing factors of application of lead-free soldering technology are investigated,such as choice of lead-free solder and components,application design of PCB,improvement of reflow soldering temperature curve,reflow soldering by nitrogen protection,optimization of technology.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline the level of audible carbon monoxide (CO) alarm ownership. In this particular paper the data collected by the fire and rescue services from West Midlands and Merseyside will be analysed, and discussed. Design/methodology/approach – Research was conducted in two stages. Using the indices of multiple deprivation identified whether households in the top and bottom four areas owned an audible alarm. In stage two data loggers were placed into homes to take readings every minute for a total period of three days to three weeks. Findings – There was a noticeable trend that deprived areas were less likely to own audible CO alarms than homes in non-deprived areas. All homes surveyed in stage two had CO levels >0 which further emphasises that anyone can be under health risk and that perhaps the maintenance of gas appliances and other sources is not being conducted at regular intervals. Social implications – This paper aims to raise awareness regarding not only the sy...


Recent developments in ignition, boosting, and control systems have opened up new opportunities for highly dilute, high-pressure combustion regimes for gasoline engines. This study analytically explores the fundamental thermodynamics of operation in these regimes under realistic burn duration, heat loss, boosting, and friction constraints. The intent is to identify the benefits of this approach and the path to achieving optimum engine and vehicle-level fuel economy. A simple engine/turbocharger model in GT-Power is used to perform a parametric study exploring the conditions for best engine efficiency. These conditions are found in the mid-dilution range, a result of the tradeoff between fluid property benefits of lean mixtures and friction benefits of higher loads. Dilution with exhaust gas is nearly as effective as air dilution when compared using a 'fuel-to-charge' equivalence ratio defined as Φ′≡Φ (1-RGF) where RGF is the total residual gas fraction. Optimal brake efficiencies are obtained over a range 0.45 ≤ Φ′ ≤ 0.65 for operation up to 3 bar manifold pressure, yielding peak temperatures under 2100 K and peak pressures under 150 bar. These conditions are intermediate between homogeneous charge compression ignition and spark-ignition regimes, and are the subject of much current research on advanced combustion modes. An engine–vehicle drive train simulation shows that accessing this thermodynamic sweet spot has the potential for vehicle fuel economy gains between 23% and 58%.


Recent studies in ALS suggest structural and pathologic changes extend beyond motor neurons and correlate with cognitive dysfunction. The prevalence and types of cognitive impairment reported in association with ALS have varied greatly. Current studies have described some degree of cognitive impairment in 55 to 75% of patients with ALS. The majority of studies have focused on the overlap between ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), although cases of less severe cognitive impairments have been described. Studies suggest that in many non-demented ALS patients there is impairment in attention, working memory, verbal fluency, and other frontal executive functions.


This article updates progress on a project first presented at
the 1997 ION Annual Meeting (Reference [1]). The
Panama Canal Commission, in cooperation with the US
Department of Transportation's Volpe National
Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), is
developing a GPS-based Communications, Traffic
Management and Navigation (CTAN) system. The Volpe
Center has the primary responsibility for developing the
hardware and software for the system while the
Commission provides specifications and resources to
support the effort. The Volpe Center also is responsible
for CTAN system integration, and receives assistance
from the PCC. In the near future, Volpe will assist PCC
in integrating CTAN into the Enhanced Vessel Traffic
Management System (EVTMS). This system is in the
advanced prototype stage and is scheduled for operational
testing beginning in March, 1999. This paper presents the information on the CTAN design,
and reports on recent test results.


Test generation at RTL (RegisterTransfer Level) is a challenging task because bit and word variables co-existent and the high-level functional units impose more complex constraints. We propose an effective way to the problem. In our method, given the circuit as well as the fault point to be checked, we first construct a new circuit, miter, by fault insertion as well as miter reduction techniques. Then we solve the constraints of the miter by EHSAT, an efficient hybrid satisfiability solver to obtain the required test vectors. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.


Introduction: Pyroxenes provide important clues for understanding the evolution of the lunar surface, from the earliest magma ocean cumulates, through the anorthositic flotation crust, to later stage intrusive and extrusive magmatism. Though the lunar samples have enabled detailed petrographic and compositional analyses, the majority of regolith samples are brecciated mixtures of clasts from across the lunar surface. Without remote sensing, there would be no way to put the samples into a global perspective. Fortunately, broad lithologies such as the mare basalts and highland anorthosites are easily identifiable, both telescopically and from orbit. However, more specific geochemical groups, such as the Mg suite highlands rocks or chemical groups within mare basalts, are more difficult to distinguish. Mg-suite rocks, which have been studied in detail in the lunar samples, are hypothesized to have formed as mafic intrusions into the anorthositic primary crust of the Moon. The complex geochemistry of the Mg-suite rocks has been explained by differing amounts of assimilation and mixing of KREEP and anorthositic crust with a magma derived from either the primitive lunar mantle or the LMO cumulate pile [e.g., 1]. The Mg-suite remains enigmatic, and a better understanding of the geographic distribution and compositions of Mg-rich lithologies on the lunar surface would provide valuable constraints on petrogenetic models for intrusive post-LMO lunar magmatism. On the basis of Clementine and Lunar Prospector data, Jolliff et al. [2] suggested that the Mg-suite is associated only with the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT), which encompasses most of the nearside maria [3]. More recently, candidate Mg-suite locations were identified using radiative transfer modeling of Clementine data [4,5], including a number of sites outside of the PKT. Methodology: The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M), a visible-infrared imaging spectrometer flown on Chandrayaan-1, imaged the surface of the Moon at 140 meters/pixel using 85 spectral channels from approximately 400-3000 nm in its low resolution global mode, with selected observations at higher spatial and spectral resolution [e.g., 6, 7]. These data provide an opportunity to examine pyroxene compositions across the lunar surface in detail. In a global study we have identified lithologies dominated by strong low-calcium (Wo 75 were also detected in several regions. The norites with the highest apparent Mg# occur around the Imbrium basin, in the Montes Alpes near where Vallis Alpes meets Mare Imbrium (Figs. 1,2).


According to the findings of domestic and foreign studies,it is found that the range of vehicle speed distribution is enormous,and it's very difficult to use a single model to describe the speed distribution.So,the related data was collected in the Zhaowuda Road of Hohhot by the project team,then a histogram improving method is proposed to deal with bar charts of speed distributing and four kinds of curve fitting functions(Normal,Weibull,Gamma,Logistic)are adopted to describe the distribution.After the comparison of the correlation coefficient,the applicability of each function is presented.


Excerpt Demonstration of the cellular aggregation which constitutes the lupus erythematosus (LE) phenomenon in heparinized bone marrow1was the basis of the first in a series of specific diagnostic ...


Several cascades with different patterns have been tested with the purpose of turbulence drag reduction in compressor cascade,after the straight patterned cascade obtained notable effects.The fish scale patterned cascade is the best of them.The main performance comparison is shown as follows:CascadeMa1cr△βdesignδdesign(P2/P1)2Dmaxξi=05°/%△ireferencestraight patternfish scale pattern068507350750408°417°411°67°58°64°118101198712127576093426130610100°104°104° The above test data indicate that most of performance indices of the fish scale patterned cascade,such as critical Mach number Ma1cr,maximum two-dimensional static compression ratio (P2/P1)2Dmax and total pressure loss coefficient at maximum attack angle ξi=05° are improved over the straight patterned cascade.The other performance parameters,namely attack angle range △i,flow deflection angle at design point △βdesign and corresponding deviation angle at design point δdesign,are superior to the reference cascade as well.It is particularly worth to point out that the fish scale pattern and the straight pattern can be together applied to the same blade to obtain advantageous performance.


Well-known coupled dipole approximation method is extended to multilayered media to obtain a more rea listic model for plasmonic waveguides. The key component of the d eveloped method is the layered medium Green's functions. Theo retically calculated resonance frequencies show a very good a greement with the experimental results found in the literature. Keywords-plasmonic waveguides; dispersion; propagation length; layered medium.


In 2008 a pioneering bathymetric LIDAR survey of the Torres Straits was undertaken. Due to the ever finer spatial details in the data and complex tidal regime, extensive water level data was collected at 19 stations to allow the reduction of the LiDAR survey data. A model with the ability to provide the water level at any location and instance in time was developed to replace the traditional tidal correction method of discrete tide zoning. This paper presents the results of this data collection program and describes techniques that were used to analyze and predict water levels in the region, which are some of the most complex ever monitored.


[Objective] The aim was to explore the weeding effect of different herbicides at different periods of sorghum and effect on the growth and yield of sorghum.[Method] The weeding effect of Roundup,38% Atrazine and Starane were observed at different periods of two sorghum varieties(Lunuo 8 and Luzhouhong 1),such as seven days before transplanting,before transplanting,after transplanting and at the mid-term ploughing time,meanwhile effects on the growth and yield of sorghum were studied.[Result] The other treatments had no phytotoxicity to sorghum except Roundup applied after transplanting and at the mid-term ploughing time.Roundup had the best weeding effect;Starane only had good weeding effect on wide leaf weeds;38% Atrazine had slow weeding effect.Compared with water control,Roundup applied at seven days before transplanting and 38% Atrazine applied after transplanting could improve the yield and relative growth indexes of hybrid and conventional sorghum obviously.[Conclusion] The research result provides theoretical basis for the control of weed in sorghum yield.


It has been becoming the frontiers and hotspots for Internet users to control surrounding physical world depending on WSN technology.In the paper,method of WSN access(IPv4)Internet was presented based on 6LoWPAN technology;Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation technology and Ethernet routing were respectively fused and integrated in border router,Realize data packet conversion between 6LoWPAN and(IPv4)Internet.Result in the test shows new method improves reception rate and network delay,moreover,allows two heterogeneous network to achieve a unified at network level,Facilitates seamless integration of networks;and makes heterogeneous network nodes achieve end-to-end direct interaction at the operational level,expands their business extension.


No matter what type of grant is being considered, for agencies subject to the Financial Management and Accountability Act 1997 (FMA Act), the FMA Act provides a framework for the proper management of public money and public property (the term 'public money' is defined to mean, among other things, money in the custody or under the control of the Commonwealth: FMA Act, s 5). However, most of the detailed procedures for the management of public money are contained in the FMA Regulations. Grants can also be affected by an agency's Chief Executive's Instructions made under the FMA Act.


The author argues that context affects both the musical content children learn (choice of repertoire, stylistic conventions) and how they attempt to learn it (problem solving skills and strategies). Through exposure to multiple contexts where music learning occurs, (formal and informal, school, home church, playground) children acquire different understandings about what it means to be a music maker and learner. The paper describes musical learning as it occurs informally on the playground, based on a number of studies of playground music, including the author's research at an after school club for African American girls. Lave's analysis of situated learning as legitimate peripheral participation in an ongoing community of practice provides the conceptual framework for the description of musical learning in playground contexts.


Objective To study the social support of the elderly and its influencing factors in urban area of Yinchuan.Methods The social support of the elderly and its influencing factors were investigated by social support rating scale (SSRS) on aged people in four communities of Yinchuan.Results The social support score of aged people in Yinchuan was higher than that of normal Chinese(P0.05).There were four factors including age,marriage,educational background and vocational history in the equation by Logistic regression analysis.Conclusions The social support condition of aged people in Yinchuan is well.And the major influencing factors are age,marriage,educational background and vocational history which influence on the social support of aged people in Yinchuan.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to protect carbon steel from corrosion with self–aggregated, eco-friendly, water-soluble hyperbranched polyamide-ester (Hb-PAE). Design/methodology/approach – Hb-PAE was synthesized through bulk polycondensation reaction between maleic anhydride and di-isopropanol amine. Complete structural analysis for the obtained polymer was performed using Fourier Transfer Infra-Red Spectroscopy, 1H NMR, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry, and the molar mass was measured using gel permeation chromatography/refractive index. For this study, the surface activity of Hb-PAE with hydroxyl end groups was investigated. Surface tension of 1.0 × 10−6 to 0.1M of both Hb-PAE/H2O and Hb-PAE/1N HCl systems was measured, and the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) in both systems was determined. Hb-PAE was examined as a corrosion inhibitor for plain carbon steel in both neutral (distilled water) and acidic (1N HCl) media. The corrosion of the steel w...


Indiscriminate exposure of man to iron and silver toxicity through a long-term ingestion of contaminated food, utensils and water coupled with its health challenges has been widely reported. This study examined the effect of iron (ll) sulphate (2.5 mg/kg body weight) and silver nitrate (1.5 mg/kg body weight) fed to albino rats consecutively alone and simultaneously for two weeks (14-days). Control animals were fed with distilled water. Hematological and biochemical analyses as well as histopathological examination of kidney and liver tissues were monitored. The findings indicate that there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in the values of hematological parameters while the histopathology of rats fed with the metals showed grossly hemorrhagic cells riddled with lesion of varying degrees. Besides, there was significant (P<0.05) difference in the values obtained for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and acid phosphatase (ACP) when compared with control. The results suggest development of microcytosis, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by iron sulphate and silver nitrate simultaneously.


War can be overcome only when individuals identify themselves with supra-national groups more strongly than with mutually exclusive, competing national groups. Identification with a world federation will be enhanced if all people possess (1) common features (a world language and basic common education in world problems); (2) common rituals and symbols (flag, world anthem, common currency and postage); (3) common goals (better distribution of goods, avoidance of war and famine); (4) symbols of home, family, and local groups in the world government; (5) common enemies (disturbers of the peace) and an efficient police force combining the romantic appeal of the Northwest Mounted and the Red Cross. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)


Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique based on spectroscopic analysis of radiation, which is emitted by a micro-plasma induced on the analyte surface by a laser pulse. In comparison to another advanced analytical techniques LIBS has several advantages. It allows analysis of samples in any state of matter practically in real-time and in-situ, without or with a limited sample preparation. It can be used for chemical mapping or chemical imaging of solid samples, i.e. it can provide the information about the surface distribution of the individual chemical elements in the analyzed area in a very clear visual form. With certain limitations, the resulting chemical map may contain spectroscopic trace of all chemical elements present in the sample. The spatial resolution can go down to tens or even units of microns with limit of detection usually in tens to hundreds of ppm. Another advantage of LIBS is that it allows depth-profiling. Elemental analysis with appropriate depth resolution for selected samples using another advanced analytical techniques as e.g. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) can be problematic. If it is requested, remote or stand-off sensing and elemental mapping using LIBS is also possible1. Despite the fact that there are still some drawbacks, e.g. the problematic quantitative analysis, matrix effect and relatively poor limits of detection (LOD, generally 1-100 ppm), LIBS has become a respected technique, complementary to another well-known techniques of chemical material analysis, such as Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass/Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-MS/OES), XRF and many others. Here we report on advantages and limitations of using LIBS for high-resolution elemental mapping with a special emphasis on some selected applications. The combination of LIBS with micro computed tomography (uCT) for high-resolution 3D mapping will be also detailed.


learning (EBL) component. In this paper we provide a brief review of FOIL and FOCL, then discuss how operationalizing a domain theory can adversely affect the accuracy of a learned concept. We argue that instead of operationalizing a domain theory, an analytic learner should return the most general implication of the domain theory, provided this implication is not less accurate than any more specialized implication. We discuss the computational complexity of an algorithm that enumerates all such descriptions and then describe a greedy algorithm that efficiently addresses the problem. Finally, we present a variety of experiments that indicate replacing the operationalization algorithm of FOCL with the new analytic learning method results in more accurate learned concept descriptions. An approach to analytic learning is described that searches for accurate entailments of a Horn Clause domain theory. A hill-climbing search, guided by an information based evaluation function, is performed by applying a set of operators that derive frontiers from domain theories. The analytic learning system is one component of a multi-strategy relational learning system. We compare the accuracy of concepts learned with this analytic strategy to concepts learned with an analytic strategy that operationalizes the domain theory.


First, let me thank the American Society of Human Genetics for this great honor. For the 40 years that I have attended the ASHG meeting, I have been impressed with the significance of the Allan Award in honoring research accomplishment in human genetics. This is a very important day for me, and I greatly appreciate your recognition. Before going further, I'd like to say that there is someone we all miss very much at this meeting, Victor McKusick. He did so much for the field of human genetics and for our society. Victor meant a lot to me during my 25 years at Johns Hopkins, both personally and professionally. His intellect was extraordinary, but he never flaunted it. What a wonderful man he was! Now, I'd like to tell you about my journey in human genetics, hitting the high points and providing a few anecdotes and philosophical comments. I'll also stress the role of teamwork and interaction with colleagues in the research process. I'll end by discussing what has gotten me excited in the lab presently. In doing research, I've tried to work on important problems, yet ones that were solvable using available methods. I've also tried not to follow the crowd, but in the words of Robert Frost to take ''the Haig H. Kazazian, Jr.


Expanding green consumption market and precise data promotion advantages make the platform economy have a significant effect on influencing manufacturers to carry out green R&D and production activities, and government subsidies have a positive incentive effect. In this context, for the studies about platform supply chain management with manufacturer's green production and the platform's marketing activities simultaneously are rare, we consider that a manufacturer invests in green technologies to produce products and sell them through a smart platform supply chain by an agency selling or reselling strategy, in which the platform provides data-driven marketing technology to promote green products. Four game models are constructed to study the operational efficiency of the platform supply chain considering selling strategy difference and government subsidy. The results show that: (1) The manufacturer's green technology and the platform's data-driven marketing levels, as well as all member's profits are all influenced by the potential market demand of green products, the sensitivities of consumers to green product attributes, and data analysis technology. (2) The service commission rate charged by the platform plays a main role on the manufacturer's selling strategy choice, when the service commission rate is low, the manufacturer chooses an agency selling strategy and can obtain more profit, but now the green technology level is not necessarily better than that in the reselling system. With the service commission rate increases, a manufacturer that chooses the reselling strategy can obtain more profit, and the green technology level is better than in the agency selling system. (3) Government subsidy can effectively encourage the manufacturer to improve the green technology level, and now the platform will improve the data-driven marketing level. There is a threshold range of the service commission rate charged by the platform in which the government can guide the manufacturer and the platform to reach an equilibrium selling strategy by regulating the subsidy level.


The reflections presented in this article come from analysis of perceptions of a group of teachers and students about manifestations of school violence and conflict handling in their school, problems that supports the thesis of the author, directed by Dr. Luis Fernando Gomez in the Doctorate in Education (Universidad Pedagogica Nacional, Colombia); based on the premise that to build a peaceful coexistence in schools, it is required foster relationships of alterity and respect, legitimizing the diverse views of the school actors about situations that affect them.


The main objective of this study is to evaluate women empowerment in different contexts of family planning and economic decision making within the household. Further this paper investigates its appropriate determinants sifting through sociology resource control theory and economic bargaining theory by controlling for socio-cultural intervening factors. We examine this empirically by utilizing extensive micro level data information (15,453 households) from 'Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey' (PSLM) for the year of 2005-06. Results suggest the presence of highly constrained and largely dichotomous empowerment within the household. Interestingly, we find that the number of children however not the sex of a child relevant in enhancing women's empowerment. Further, the common determinants of empowerment depict varying degree of effectiveness depending on the specific context of empowerment. Moreover, socio-economic, level of education and employment status of a woman depict as effect modifier factors across the empowerment contexts and regions. Furthermore, geographic divisions within Pakistan, significantly explain the contextual empowerment of women.


We investigated 2 patients affected with Cushing's syndrome due to the ectopic production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by a small cell lung carcinoma. In the 2 patients, the long-acting somatostatin analogue octreotide (100 micrograms, subcutaneously) induced a paradoxical increase in plasma ACTH and cortisol levels. In 1 patient, lanreotide, a new somatostatin analogue in a slow-release formulation (30 mg, intramuscularly), induced a similar rise in ACTH and cortisol secretion. To our knowledge, such a response has not been previously reported. Further use of somatostatin analogues in ectopic ACTH-producing tumors, especially lung tumors, requires preliminary evaluation of their therapeutic efficacy by a short test with somatostatin analogue.


The literature on the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and stock price crash risk suggests that it is far more complicated than a plain one-to-one relationship. In this study, we examine how CSR disclosure affects the stock price crash risk and whether firm performance acts as a mediating variable in this relationship. The CSR disclosure index is built using the content analysis technique and the GRI criteria. We choose 225 businesses in Vietnam, comprising 159 firms listed on HOSE and 66 firms listed on HNX. Using the techniques of OLS, LOGIT, GMM, and the Sobel test and replacing different measures of dependent and mediator variable to enhance the robustness of our findings, we reach two important results. To begin with, CSR disclosure has a negative influence on the stock price crash risk of Vietnam's listed firms. Second, in the aforementioned relationship, firm performance serves as an intermediate. Our results imply that listed firms should engage in CSR practices and disclosure in order to raise the firm's performance and lower the stock price crash risk.


Wardha, Wainganga and Penganga are the important ri vers surrounding Chandrapur district. Wardha river flows into the district from western boundary and then fl ows along the boundries of Warora, Chandrapur, Korp ana, Rajura, Ballarpur and Gondpipari talukas and Pengan ga and Irai meets the Wardha river. Monitoring of w ater quality of Wardha river was carried out from Novemb er 2011 to July 2012. Water samples were collected and analysed as per standard methods. Parameters such apH, turbidity were measured in situ. Raised value s of physico-chemical parameters indicate the pollution of riverine ecosystem. Due to domestic waste , munc ipal sewage, industrial effluent agricultural runoff that influe nce the water quality directly or indirectly. The m icrobiological analysis exhibited presence of pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial count was found tobe more than 10 /100 ml so the sample is unsafe for drinking.


Hepatitis B is one of the most serious global threats to human health.Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus(HBV)can reveal the evolutionary relationship between HBV sequences and thus provide a basis for the prediction and treatment of hepatitis B and other aspects.In this study,we performed sequence analyses on the HBV sequences of five clinical HBV samples and the HBV sequences retrieved from the GenBank,EMBL,and DDBJ to construct a phylogenetic tree and analyze sequence structures.The experimental results revealed that the C gene of one cloned sequence had a recombinant structure of HBV B/ C subtype.Moreover,the phylogenetic results proved the existence of a newly found subtype HBV/B6in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province,China.The experimental conclusion represents certain value for phylogenetic studies of HBV in Yunnan ethnic minority groups.


Graduate School) gave an electrifying assessment of Whitchcad's struggle with 'dialectical logic' in the final transition to his mature 'atomist' position. A revised collection of several of these papers will be published in 1985 by the State University of New York Press (Albany, NY), while others will appear in The Owl of Minerva and Process Studies. Together, these suggest the coming assimilation of Whitchead scholarship into a more promising and hospitable 'Continental' context, as well as indicating a new and healthy focus for ecumenical dialogue and exchange between Europeans and Anglo-American philosophers generally.