Abstract. The beauty of Persian architecture is one of the factors that cause the persistence in the world of art. Understanding the foundations of such beauty that can  pave the way for  the assessment of architecture and the evaluation criteria to the right. In this study, it has been tried to use analytical methods and data collection as a library study to identify and correct understanding, its hidden and obvious effects (symbol and identity) in effect that may view the audience during many years. But, not knowing about it, in a Postulate is brought out in the case of the latencies of the judging system. It was certainly in such cognitive emphasis on features that highlight the effectiveness, the evaluation criteria and invigorated the superior work and lasting foundation for the distinction of other types of innovation. The understanding of what is very important in all its aspects in terms of the appearance of the face and under the title the semantic and the inherent and visual symbols and identity trace has been examined in this study. The purpose of this article is to understand the determinants of beauty in architecture of Iran and their relation These factors, along with community cultural and artistic values is based on its beauty in order to improve the reception of Iranian architecture. The question raised is how to define and clarify the Iran's architectural principles of aesthetics and the basics. In conclusion, while confirming this question we find that the beauty of the architecture of Iran can be divided into apparent beauty (symbolic) and inward (identifying) beauty.


We describe here a case of a woman admitted to our Internal Medicine Unit for multifocal pneumonia. During the stay she presented a few neurological symptoms: headache, nausea, emesis, photophobia and gait disturbance. Chest CT detected multiple areas interpreted as septic emboli. Moreover, a left internal jugular thrombosis was incidentally reported. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of a Lemierre's Syndrome. A CT-angiography showed the left internal jugular thrombosis extension to cerebral sinuses. ENT consultation revealed a left medium otitis. Anticoagulation with Fondaparinux was associated to antibiotic therapy with improvement in neurological symptoms that totally remitted over the next 2 weeks. The genetic thrombophilic panel showed a heterozygosis for prothrombin gene G20210A mutation and the patient was discharged with Rivaroxaban for home continuation of anticoagulant therapy for at least 6 months. The prevalence of inherited thrombophilias in Lemierre's Syndrome is unknown and to our knowledge, this article is the first to identify a prothrombin gene G20210A mutation in a patient with Lemierre's Syndrome with thrombosis extension into the cerebral venous system. Exploring patients with Lemierre's Syndrome for underlying thrombophilia could clarify whether this promotes retrograde jugular vein thrombosis extension.


The Vanek's tumor or inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a rare benign lesion of submucosal location, not encapsulated, that may be located throughout the digestive tract, being more common in the gastric antrum (80%), although it has also been described in the gastroesophageal junction, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. It is the less frequent benign gastric tumor (1-4%) with slight predominance in males and a peak incidence after the sixth decade of life, being its


In order to give some references for risk assessment of the existing shield tunnel during construction phase and control measures,tunnel additional stresses and inhomogeneous deformations that induced by the excavation of foundation pit were studied. Based on the pit excavation engineering in Shenyang train station,which is located above the existing shield tunnels,the potential risk factors and several failure types of shield segment linings were investigated. Taking into account of the uncertainty and spatial variability of soil mechanical parameters,the risk accident of existing tunnel was predicted by using stochastic finite element method combined with the Monte Carlo method. It is found that after pit excavation,the probability which the maximum compressive stress and lateral displacement of the tunnel exceed the specified values,is zero. While the proba-bility of exceeding specified values for the maximum heave displacement and tensile stress of shield segment linings are 39. 8% and 2. 29%,respectively. Under several types of failure,the total failure probability of shield segment linings is 41. 18%. Conclusion is that in practical engineering,the principle for foundation pit excavation is that the amount of a single unloading and the span of tunnel crossing length should be reduced. Especially,the standing time of the foundation pit after excavation should be minimized.


Texting-while-driving (T&D) is one of the top dangerous behaviors for drivers. Many interesting systems and mobile phone applications have been designed to help to detect or combat T&D. However, for a T&D detection system to be practical, a key property is its capability to distinguish driver's mobile phone from passengers'. Existing solutions to this problem generally rely on the user's manual input, or utilize specific localization devices to determine whether a mobile phone is at the driver's location. In this paper, we propose a method which is able to detect T&D automatically without using any extra devices. The idea is very simple: when a user is composing messages, the smartphone embedded sensors (i.e., gyroscopes, accelerometers, and GPS) collect the associated information such as touchstrokes, holding orientation and vehicle speed. This information will then be analyzed to see whether there exists some specific T&D patterns. Extensive experiments have been conducted by different persons and in different driving scenarios. The results show that our approach can achieve a good detection accuracy with low false positive rate. Besides being infrastructurefree and with high accuracy, the method does not access the content of messages and therefore is privacy-preserving.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Ralph Vreeswijk and Kees Kalisvaart Medical Centre Alkmaar, for contributing to study design. We are very grateful for the assistance of the staff (department Research, Development and Education) at the Sint Maartenskliniek Nijmegen for facilitating this study. Conflict of Interest: The editor in chief has reviewed the conflict of interest checklist provided by the authors and has determined that the authors have no financial or any other kind of personal conflicts with this letter. Author Contributions: All authors participated in study concept, design and analysis of data. All authors participated in drafting and writing of the article and approve the submission.


Abstract : The purpose of the study is to develop improved methods for mission-oriented organizations to improve coupling of their research programs with their mission-objectives. The paper reports on the rationale, plans, and the first year's three months progress of the study conducted in an Air Force environment. The study tests the hypothesis that the Air Force pay-off from its investment in research can be increased by systematically identifying the technological barriers, describing them on problem resumes, and selectively disseminating such resumes as 'knowledge want ads.' The resulting procedures and documentation system are seen as a way to tap the pool of available knowledge in the minds of men for the application to practical agency problems. Problems are to be documented on a one-page problem resume form, analogous to the already existing DD Form 1498 which has been designed by the Department of Defense to keep records about the on-going research. The prime function of the problem resume form is to trigger establishment of direct person to person contacts between the individual who has the problem and the scientist who are the sources of knowledge useful in its solution. A repository of such forms can also serve as an additional source of information for research planners, providing the planners recognize that only a part of research programs can be profitably oriented toward problems which can be recognized in advance. Much high pay-off comes from undirected research which creates opportunities to be recognized only after the research results are available. (Author)


Abstract. Iron oxide particles with spherical, date-pit like, or polyhedron morphology were obtained by hydrothermal method. The morphology, thermal analysis, crystal structure of the products was characterized by FESEM, thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The measured results reveal that the product of three different shapes is hematite (α-Fe2O3).


An ornamental ear clip includes a decorative portion extending from the helix to the lobe of an ear. The decorative portion is shaped to conform to the free portion of the ear. A pair of resilient wire legs project from the decorative portion to the back side of the ear. One leg is urged against the rear side of the antihelix of the ear and a second leg is urged along the intersection of the ear with the side of the head.


In programming practice, developers often need sample code in order to learn how to solve a programming-related problem. For example, how to reuse an Application Programming Interface (API) of a large-scale software library and how to implement a certain functionality. We believe that previously written code can help developers understand how others addressed the similar problems and can help them write new programs. We develop a tool called Bing Developer Assistant (BDA), which improves developer productivity by recommending sample code mined from public software repositories (such as GitHub) and web pages (such as Stack Overflow). BDA can automatically mine code snippets that implement an API or answer a code search query. It has been implemented as a free-downloadable extension of Microsoft Visual Studio and has received more than 670K downloads since its initial release in December 2014. BDA is publicly available at: http://aka.ms/devassistant.


With the accelerated update and renewal of China's information technology, the digital social system tends to take shape, which also indirectly promotes the digital transformation and development of traditional industries. As one of the industries that can be transformed by modern information technology, the development of sculpture industry is related to the direction of the future sculpture product market. The production and display of sculpture works can be divided into traditional and digital display. Traditional sculpture technology is based on artificial technology, through the artificial design and modeling of works, supplemented by detailed work setting drawings as a reference, it cannot realize the free and convenient creation of work models. However, digital sculpture technology can replace manual modeling, help sculptors create digital models through computers, and realize the sculpture process of machine instead of manual. Therefore, in view of the disadvantages of traditional sculpture, this study is based on AI digital sculpture technology, and combines sculpture technology with computers and sculpture machines through the blessing of digital technology to realize more intuitive, convenient and efficient digital sculpture.


To solve the problem that the current collaborative design needs systems platform independent and real-time performance,this paper brings forward a method to use VRML as the platform of collaborative design system.In this paper,the author brought an algorithm that can solve the key problem in transforming the VRML model in CAD system.This algorithm is very important to recover the parameter which has missed in the model transforming process.


Despite the overwhelming evidence that suggests that patients, families and health care systems benefit from offering appropriate disclosures and apologies to patients and families following the aftermath of medical errors, few health care organizations in the U.S. invest in providing systemic training in disclosure and apology. Using a narrative analysis this paper explores the cultural barriers in the United States healthcare environment that impede health care providers from engaging in restorative conversations with patients and families when things go wrong. The paper identifies a handful of programs and models that provide disclosure and apology training and argues for the unique contributions of narrative mediation to assist health care professionals to disclose adverse events to patients and families to restore trust.


We review some of the results obtained in the study of the production of electromagnetic radiation in relativistic nuclear collisions. We concentrate on the emission of real photons and dileptons from the hot and dense strongly interacting phases of the reaction. We examine the contributions from the partonic sector, as well as those from the nonperturbative hadronic sector. We examine the current data, some of the predictions for future measurements, and comment on what has been learnt so far.


In this work, diffusion and dissociation mechanisms related to the formation and evolution of vacancy–oxygen complexes have been studied. Czochralski‐grown silicon samples have been irradiated at room temperature using fast electrons resulting in the formation of several defects including vacancy–oxygen complexes (VO n ). The samples were isothermally annealed at different temperatures in the range of 370–470 ∘ C. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy has been employed to measure the local vibrational modes associated with the individual defects. The evolution and generation kinetics of vacancy–oxygen complexes have been simulated within the framework of the theory for diffusion‐limited reactions and compared with the experimental data.


Purpose:CT radiation dose estimates are commonly reported as CTDI (mGy) values derived from measurements made with standard phantoms for a specific technique (kVp, mAs, collimation and pitch). Estimates of effective dose (mSv) are generally calculated from the dose‐length‐product (mGy cm) and a weighting factor that is also derived from a standardized model. These dose estimates are not patient specific and further, do not include dose estimates for specific organs. There is general agreement that there is a need for more accurate dose estimates for x‐ray computed tomography examinations in the pediatric patient. The purpose of our research is to investigate methods that can lead to more patient‐specific dosimetry.Methods and Materials: We used the Monte Carlo particle transport methods in the GEANT4 toolkit to investigate radiation dose estimates in patient‐matched deformable NURBS models (based on non‐uniform rational B‐spline surfaces) to determine if this method could accurately predict organ doses in specific pediatric patients. Validation was performed with patient CT scans for which several abdominal organs were hand‐segmented and the resultant voxel data used in the GEANT4 code. Results: Dose calculations were made for NURBS models that were chosen to be similar to previously acquired pediatric CT scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. With sufficient run time, the error in the radiation dose for most organs is on the order of 1–3%. Conclusion: The use of patient‐matched NURBS models may lead to accurate patient‐individualized, organ‐specific dosimetry for pediatric CT examinations. Patient‐matching to the most appropriate NURBS model is based on anatomical dimensions and landmarks thus allowing dose estimates to be made prior to any exposure.


The results of studies on the effect of a complex probiotic preparation on calcium and phosphor metabolism in Kazakhskaya White-Head steers grown for beef production are submitted. Adding the probiotic based on Polifepan sorbent in the dose of 3gr/head in the feeding rations of experimental animals resulted in a positive effect on minerals metabolism in their organisms. Thus calcium and phosphor were deposited at 2.84 gr. (11.36%) and 3.05 gr. (24.20%) more in steers of experimental group 2, as compared with control animals of the same age group.


Abstract Aim To analyze the Socio-emotional (SE) skills of the students in the Nursing Degree, and their relationship with their clinical practice in hospital centers. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study of a sample of 91 nursing students. SE skills were analyzed through self-administered questionnaires, and the clinical practices through the instrument "Clinical Practices Evaluation Notebook". Findings The students obtained medium and high scores in the SE skills and in the clinical practices. Most of the SE skills had a positive and statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) between them. A relationship was observed between SE skills with performance in clinical practices, through a multiple linear regression. Discussion It is suggested that the development of the SE skills of the nursing students within the Nursing degree curriculum has an influence on their performance during their clinical practices. Conclusion The SE skills are a potential predictor of the performance of the nursing students in clinical practices.


is one of the most important native forest species in Mexico; however, plantation projects with this species have been limited because of the irruption of the meliaceae shoot borer. The search for new alternatives to either eradicate or control the pest continues being important. Hence, suitability of nutrient management through fertilization is analyzed as a method to overcome this limitation. Therefore, the effects of the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on both the growth of


Detailed analytical methods and U-Pb zircon geochronology results, zircon cathodoluminescence images, Tera-Wasserburg plots, and tables containing igneous and detrital zircon data and volume addition rate calculations.


1. A method for electrical conductive connection of the component, at least one conductive track or conductive layer, the conductive track or conductive layer is applied to substantially the visible range of wavelengths of light, a light transparent charge circuit, wherein the circuit board comprises a translucent heat sink layer and the conductive layer is simultaneously a heat sink layer selected from one or more of the following metal oxides: - lnOx: Sn, - SnOx: F, - SnOx: Sb, - ZnOx: Ga, - ZnOx: B, - ZnOx: F, - ZnOx: AI, wherein x nah oditsya the section between 1 and 2 depending on the concentration of the diffusant; comprising the steps of: - electrical components or wiring or a conductive layer is provided on the site where the component needs to be connected to the conductive layer or wiring, soldering material - solder material is automatically fed energy from the energy source that emits short-wave infrared radiation, so that the input energy is substantially introduced into the heat absorbing or wiring in the conductive layer in place on which to fix the element t ak something brazing material is melted and form a one-piece continuous conductive connection between the electrical components and wiring or conductive layer at the minimum cell load in a short period of time soldering is less than 30 c.2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brazing time is between 0.1 s and 10 s, between 1 and 10 p.3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the brazing time is between 1 and 10 p.4. The method of


The LXX of Jeremiah probably reflects an early edition of the Hebrew book, to be called ed. I, differing recensionally from the later edition of MT, to be called ed. II. This chapter is based upon the assumption that the short LXX text of Jeremiah reflects a short Hebrew text. It presents a reconstruction of the Hebrew Vorlage of chapter 27, annotated with notes relating to the character and origin of the additions of ed. II. The reconstruction of the Hebrew Vorlage of Jeremiah 27 is as problematic as any other reconstruction, but it enables a reasonable presentation of the quantitative differences between the two editions of Jeremiah. The reconstructed Vorlage of the LXX of Jeremiah 27 (34) is presented on the first lines, and the expanded edition of MT on the second lines.Keywords: Hebrew Vorlage; Jeremiah; LXX text; MT; septuagint


Epileptic seizures and headache attacks are two common neurological episodic events characterized by transitory modifications of homeostatic mechanisms regulating the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. The two phenomena can have similar clinical features and evolution, suggesting the involvement of common cortical and subcortical networks. Although the link between these two attacks is not completely clear, they are often observed in comorbidity, and can be sometimes related in time, a condition known as "headache attributed to epileptic seizure." In this debated and expanding chapter of International Classification of Headache Disorders, the inclusion of some variants of inter-ictal and peri-ictal (pre-ictal, ictal, post-ictal) headache, the most interesting and rare condition being ictal epileptic headache, has been proposed. We report the case of a 23-year-old man affected by structural focal epilepsy with a history of atypical headache attacks. VideoEEG recordings performed during such episodes showed sub-continuous epileptic activity over the left occipital region, clinically associated with migrainous headache, bilateral eyelid flutter and strabismus. Our paper represents one of the few well EEG-documented cases of ictal epileptic headache and helps to speculate about the cortical-subcortical networks involving occipital regions during epileptic discharges and the pathophysiological link between migraine and epilepsy. Among neurological events, headache attacks and epileptic seizures represent two common paroxysmal phenomena that temporarily disturb brain functions. These two attacks are often comorbid, occurring independently in the same individual but, sometimes, they can be related in time, a condition known as "headache attributed to epileptic seizure." In the current literature different authors, who also refer to this specific context as seizurerelated headache (SRH), have proposed to encompass some entities, not all formally included in International Classification of Headache Disorders ICHD-IIIb: interictal and peri-ictal (pre-ictal, ictal, post-ictal) headache. Occipital seizures are often associated with postictal headache (the most common form of SRH), that may have migraine-like features and occasionally respond to sumatriptan. The most interesting and rare condition in the context of SRH is represented by ictal epileptic headache (IEH), which is defined as headache/migraine occurring as the sole ictal epileptic manifestation and represents 3-5% of all SRH cases. In the borderland between headache and epilepsy, another rare phenomenon is represented by migralepsy, a condition defined as a seizure triggered by migraine aura. However, according to the better knowledge of IEH and the related critical revision, migralepsy could be revisited as an IEH followed by other symptoms or signs. These clinical entities suggest the existence of a pathophysiological link between migraine and epilepsy, underlying their complex reciprocal relations. A 23-year-old man was admitted to our Epilepsy Unit for a history of seizures started at the age of 10 and characterized by confusion and impairment of consciousness, followed by long-lasting headache (at that time interpreted as post-ictal headache). Family history was positive in the maternal line for headache suggestive of migraine and in paternal line for structural focal epilepsy related to multiple cavernomatosis. A brain MRI showed multiple cavernomas without evidence of previous bleeding: one of them, located in the left temporo-occipital


Ten new varieties(or lines)of the present age were used to measure the content of chlorophyll,activity of Hill and RUBP(Ribulose 1,5-Biphosphate)in different growing stage in soybean.The results showed that:(1)there was significant difference among the contents of chlorophylls;(2)chlorophyll a and b were increase as growing stage development,the increase of the content of chlorophyll b may be had a direct relationship with yield;(3)as growing stage developed the RUBP activity increased,the difference among varieties is bigger than growing stage,there was a significant correlation between the RUBP activity and yield;(4)there was a lager difference in Hill activity among 10 varieties,the correlation coefficient is 0.788 6 between Hill activity and yield and the correlation coefficient is 0.750 4 between RUBP activity and yield,they are all significant at 0.05 level.


Assimilation of NH+/4-N and formation of cell biomass in Rhodobacter capsulatus ATCC 23782 were studied in batch cultures as a function of N and C concentration and light intensity. Growth occurred satisfactorily up to N and C levels of 1.2 and 6.0g/1, respectively. The maximum biomass density achieved was 2.3 g biomass-C/l at 0.8 g N/l and 4.0g C/l. Media containing initial C/N ratios of 5 provided good growth and almost complete assimilation and recovery of NH+/4-N and lactate-C, respectively. A light intensity of about 120 μE/m2/s was adequate for efficient growth. At low levels of NH+/4-N (<0.05 g N/l), the photobacterium could not maintain dominance under non-axenic growth conditions. Chloroxuron was necessary to prevent algal overgrowth. At concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 g NH+/4-N/l, the photo-bacterium maintained dominance over several months under the appropriate conditions of temperature (30°C), light intensity (120μE/m2/s), carbon supply (C/N = 5) and cell residence time (5.5d). The protein of Rhb. capsulatus ATCC 23782 was rich in essential amino acids.


In a client-server spatial database, it is desirable to maintain the cached data in a client side to minimize the communication overhead across a network. This paper deals with the issues of concurrency and consistency of map updates in this environment. A client transaction to update map data is an interactive work and takes a long time to complete it. The map update in a client site may affect the other sites'updates because of dependencies between spatial data stored at different sites. The concurrent updates should be propagated to the other clients as well as the server to keep the consistency of map replicated in a client cache, and also the communication overhead of the update propagation should be minimized not to lose the benefit of caching. The newly proposed cache region locking with CR lock and CX lock controls the update dependency due to spatial relationships. CS lock and COD lock are suggested to use optimistic detection-based approaches for guaranteeing the consistency of cached client data. The cooperative update protocol uses these extended locking primitives and Spatial Relationship-based 2PC (SR-based 2PC). This paper argues that the concurrent updates of cached client spatial data can be achieved by deciding on collaborative updates or independent updates based on spatial relationships.


In order to meet the need of mass fitness and social development,this paper makes analysis on undergraduate specialty of social sports personnel training from 13 universities in Shandong province.The result shows that the target positioning is not clear,scientific curriculum design is poor,teaching and practice is separation.Based on it,it proposed that the personnel training should adhere to the operation,skill type,and service-oriented talent cultivation principle,each school should set out from oneself advantage,position characteristic training target,improve students' comprehensive quality and professional ability,optimize the undergraduate specialty of social sports talents training guarantee and evaluation system,and promote the social sports graduates employment competence and social influence.


A number of new chiral monomeric binaphthyl Schiff-base ligands H2L [where H2L = 2,2′-bis(3-R1-5-R2-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-1,1′-binaphthyl] and a series of chiral copper(II) complexes [CuL] were prepared in good or nearly quantitative yields. Some of the free ligands and the [CuL] complexes were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Almost all the [CuL] complexes were found to be active catalysts for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of alkenes with ethyl or tert-butyl diazoacetate. Enantioselectivities of up to 77% ee were observed. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)


Hydrogen is foreseen as an important energy carrier in the future sustainable energy society. The transition towards the situation in which hydrogen becomes an important energy carrier will be lengthy (decades), costly and needs a significant effort for R&D. In view of this, an examination of the potential of using the existing natural gas pipeline system for the transmission and distribution of hydrogen is a logical first step. The NATURALHY-project investigates the conditions under which hydrogen can be added to natural gas with acceptable consequences for safety, durability of the system, gas quality management and performance of the end-user appliances. Membranes will be developed to subtract hydrogen from a hydrogen/natural gas mixture for use by hydrogen powered equipment. The NATURALHY-project is the main European project on hydrogen delivery, in which 39 partners participate. The project is financially funded by the European Commission, and is recognised by the International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy. The existing natural gas system has been designed for natural gas. The physical properties of hydrogen differ from natural gas and consequently the impact of hydrogen added to natural gas on the durability of the materials of the grids should be studied in order to up-date the tools of integrity management previously assessed with only natural gas. Therefore the following subjects will be assessed: effect of H2 on failure behaviour and corrosion of transmission pipes and their burst resistance, permeability and ageing of distribution pipes, reliability and ageing of domestic gas meters, tightness to H2 of domestic appliances and their connections. In terms of safety, the addition of hydrogen to the natural gas within the pipeline has the potential to change (increase) the level of risk presented to the public, because of the different physical and chemical properties of this gas. In particular, hydrogen could increase the likelihood of failures occurring and might increase the severity of the consequences due to the increased reactivity of hydrogen. Therefore, within the NATURALHY project, the risks presented to the public by operating a natural gas network conveying a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen must be examined. A major part of this work will be to assess the fire and explosion hazards presented by accidental releases of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures for comparison with natural gas alone. This will be achieved by conducting large scale experiments and developing improved mathematical models. By combining new information on failure frequency with a revised assessment of the consequences, the risks presented to the public by the proposed introduction of hydrogen can be reassessed. In particular, by varying the level of hydrogen, it may be possible to identify the maximum 'safe' level which could be introduced whilst maintaining an acceptable risk to the public.


Arnold Zwicky and Jerrold Sadock (1987) object to my test for distinguishing ambiguity from generality (unspecifiedness) by offering a counterexample and general criticisms about the use of intuitions in the test. Though I disagree with their criticisms, their paper has helped me to become aware of the unclarity of my earlier paper in regard to generality.


Contents: Introduction - whose iconoclasm?, Kristine Kolrud and Marina Prusac Disabling demonic images: regional diversity in Ancient iconoclasts' motives and targets, Eberhard W. Sauer Presence and the image controversies in the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, Marina Prusac Defacement and replacement as political strategies in Ancient and Byzantine ruler images, Bente Kiilerich Byzantine iconoclasm: ideology and quest for power?, Anne Karahan Neither iconoclasm nor iconodulia: the Carolingian Via Media, Thomas F.X. Noble Iconoclasm and religious images in the early Lutheran tradition, Tarald Rasmussen Iconoclasm on the frontier: Le Cateau-Cambresis, 1566, Andrew Spicer The Waldensians and the Piedmontese Easter of 1655, Kristine Kolrud Iconoclasm - three modern cases, Jens Braarvig Conclusion: iconoclasm in history and present-day use of images, Siri Sande Bibliography Index.


Abstract Four soil samples which had been polluted with exhaust gas and dust froi smelter were sequentially extracted so that Cd,Zn,Pb, and Cu could be partitioned into five operationally defined geochemical fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe‐Mn oxides, bound to organic natter and residual. Metal recoveries were within ±6% of the independently measured total Cd,Zn,Pb, and Cu concentrations. Amount of the metals which were distributed into various fractions were remarkably different from metal species. The highest amount of Cd (ca. 45% ) was found in the exchangeable fraction, and only 8% in the organic fraction. The highest amount of Cu (ca.52%) was found in the organic fraction, but in the exchangeable and carbonates fraction only 1% and 3%. The Fe‐Mn oxide fraction contained 20,29,27 and 22%, and residual fraction 16,40,25 and 22% of the Cd,Zn,Pb, and Cu, respectively. Assuming that mobitity and biogical availability are related to the solubility of the geochemical form of the met...


A lecture-based theoretical approach is frequently utilized when teaching courses in electrical circuits and the educationallearning objectives are often limited solely to content learning. This paper describes how a lecture-based electrical circuits'course was redesigned utilizing pedagogies of engagement to produce an environment that stimulates creativity and allowsfor the following additional learning objectives to be pursued: (1) improvement of hands-on skills, (2) increase in designabilities, and (3) teaming/collaboration proficiency. Educators are often deterred from pursuing these additional learningobjectives in a large classroom or when there is lack of space and equipment. In this study, a ''lab in a box'' approach isoutlined and shown to overcome these deterrents and foster an environment of student engagement. An inexpensive andeasy-to-maintain portable kit was developed to enable approximately 300 undergraduate students each year to build anddesign electrical circuits. While teaching a course titledENGR 2431–DC Circuitsfor years in a traditional large lecture-based classroom, the instructor was eager to adopt an alternative pedagogy to increase students' intrinsic motivation andoverall engagement in the class. The expected benefits of the project in the near term were to increase student engagementand add three additional learning objectives to the course. After implementing the ''lab in a box'' project in a largeclassroom, survey data and observational experiences provided an indication that students are more engaged and incontrol of their learning.


The aims of this research were to increase the activities and the result of study by implementation of cooperative learning model type think pair share. The method of the research was Classroom Action Reserach. The instrument of data collection used observation sheet and test. Technique of data analysis used qualitative and quantitative analysis. The result showed that the student activity in cycle I 62,54% (active) and cycle II 78,27%(active). The result study of the cognitivie in cycle I 71,70% (good) and cycle II 78,61% (good).


The present study was an effort to explore the impact of overall store image on attitudinal loyalty, behavioural loyalty and purchase intention. Subsequently, we also investigated the influence of attitudinal loyalty on behavioural loyalty. Finally, we checked the moderating role of gender in the store image-loyalty-purchase intention relationships. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data using systematic sampling from department retail store shoppers of age 18 years and above in Kolkata, a metropolitan city of India. Multivariate data analysis techniques like exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyse the data. Results indicate that store image positively influences attitudinal loyalty, behavioural loyalty and purchase intention. Results reveal that attitudinal loyalty has positive impact on behavioural loyalty. Results also indicate that gender acts as a moderating variable in the store image-loyalty-purchase intention relationship. Academic and managerial implications are further discussed.


The focus of the article is the Social Insurance Fund, which has been operating since 1 January 1999, and is a state special purpose fund with a specific structure. Separate funds function
and operate within its framework. The number of these funds has already changed twice. The aim of the article is to analyse the legislative changes concerning the components of the Social Insurance Fund and to evaluate them. The study is dominated by the dogmaticlegal research method, and the historical-legal method is of auxiliary use.


Federal and state policymakers have used a range of policies to encourage the deployment of solar systems and other technologies that allow residential customers to generate, store, and manage their electricity consumption. For example, federal tax incentives—such as the investment tax credit—have reduced customers' up-front costs of installing solar systems. In addition, a Department of Energy funded database of renewable energy incentives identifies 41 states with net metering policies that require electricity suppliers to credit customers for electricity sent from their solar systems to the grid, providing an additional incentive. Moreover, in 14 states, customers can also receive state tax credits for installing solar systems, according to the database, which further reduces the up-front costs.


2j' 10 11b 4.5 10 2k 70 2k' 20 aYield of isolated products. bThe amount of samarium, acetic anhydride and acetic acid are all doubled when dinitroarenes are reacted as the substrates. As an excellent single electron transfer and ether soluble reagent, samarium diiodide has been widely used in organic synthesis since Kagan had shown a simple method for the preparation of samarium diiodide from samarium metal and 1,2-diiodoethane.1,2 Recently direct using of metallic samarium as a reducing agent in organic transformations has also drawn the attention of many organic chemists.3 Amides are important constitutuents of many biologically significant materials and the preparation of amides in organic synthesis is significant. Generally, the preparation of N-arylacetamides involves two steps, i.e. reduction of nitroarenes to N-arylamines4 followed by the acylation of N-arylamines to the corresponding N-arylacetamides. Although other metal reagents have been employed to convert nitroarenes to arylacetamides in one-pot procedures5 and various samarium reagents are often used to reduce nitroarenes to the corresponding aminoarenes,6 reports on one-pot conversion of nitroarenes to arylacetamides using a samarium reagent have never been seen. Compared with other metal reagents such as indium, tellurium, low valent titanium and Pd/C, samarium is much cheaper and more readily available. This application of metal samarium in organic synthesis may therefore be valuable. Here we report that mediated by metallic samarium, nitroarenes can be reduced and then converted to N-arylacetamides in the presence of acetic anhydride, acetic acid and methanol in excellent yields by a one pot-procedure (Scheme 1). In order to get the optimum reaction conditions, various reaction conditions have been examined for this one-pot conversion of nitroarenes to N-arylacetamides. After a series of trials, we found that the best results are obtained when nitrobenzene (1 equiv.) was subjected to Ac2O (2.25 equiv.), AcOH (9 equiv.) and samarium (4.5 equiv.). The amount of samarium cannot be decreased; otherwise substrates cannot be fully reduced. For example, 3 equiv. or 2.25 equiv. samarium were used, however, yields of N-arylacetamides are poor. Under the optimum conditions we found that substituted nitroarenes are converted to the corresponding N-arylacetamides and the results are listed in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, the reaction proceeds smoothly and good to excellent yields are obtained from various substituted nitroarenes. As far as some of the nitroarenes are concerned, yields are moderate and we found that by-products are N-arylamines. In view of this, an extra amount of Ac2O is added to guarantee the high yields (Entries 3, 7, 8). Dinitroarenes can also be reacted under conditions using double the amount of metallic samarium, acetic anhydride and acetic acid. The reaction of 2,4-dinitro-phenol gives N(3-acetylamino-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetamide (2i) in excellent yields (Entry 9). However, products of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitro-benzene under these reaction conditions are unexpected (Entries 10, 11). Take 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene for example, the major product was N-(3-amino-4-chloro-phenyl)-acetamide (2j) while a byproducts were N-(3-acetylamino-4-chloro-phenyl)-acetamide (2j') and a small amount of 4-chloro-benzene-1,3-diamine. The result of reaction using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitro-benzene as substrate was similar to that with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene (Scheme 2). Many trials were made to investigate this reaction under different conditions. The results indicate that the amount of samarium cannot be reduced; otherwise, products will be complicated. If the amount of acetic anhydride is reduced to less than 4.5 equiv, the yield of by-product a 4-halo-benzene-1, 3-diamine will be increased. Although increasing the amount of acetic anhydride improved the yield of compound 5, the effect is not conspicuous. For example, the reaction was conducted with 9 equiv. anhydride under the same condition, the yield of compound 5 is increased to 15%. This high selectivity is meaningful, because there are few reports on the synthesis of N-(3-amino-4-chloro-phenyl)One-pot reductive conversion of nitroarenes to N-arylacetamides mediated by metallic samarium Yandong Zhanga and Yongmin Zhanga,b,* aDepartment of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, P.R. China bState Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China


This work offers a novel, backscatter radio-based, blind beamforming technique that assists the reception of signals in multipath conditions. The technique is based on simple, assistive backscattering tags, implemented without any means of signal amplification. These tags can blindly (i.e., without feedback) modify the phase of the associated wireless channels, leading to constructive addition of the multipath components (i.e., alignment). Such alignment events offer distributed beamforming gain. Analysis is performed and an expression for the probability of alignment is offered, along with an expression for the achievable gain, corroborated by simulations and experimental results. It is shown that increased number of assistive tags offers higher beamforming gain, at the expense of increased delay. The effectiveness of the proposed beamforming technique is highlighted with experiments and measurements on the radio frequency identification (RFID) Gen2 standard. Commercial RFIDs that initially could not be interrogated due to insufficient impinged power, were successfully interrogated hundreds of times/minute with the assistance of the beamforming tags. It was experimentally shown that the proposed beamforming tags can offer power gains in the range of 0.4 – 3.7 dB. While the technique was tested on commercial RFIDs, it is not limited to a specific communication standard.


Eminent film scholar Thomas Elsaesser passed away on 4 November 2019. Elsaesser not only published seminal works in film studies but also founded film studies departments and graduate programs at notable universities. Most recently, he was professor emeritus at the University of Amsterdam and visiting professor at Columbia and Yale University. Elsaesser also served as the editor of the book series Film Culture in Transition at Amsterdam University Press. In 2017, Elsaesser wrote and directed the film The Sun Island / Die Sonneninsel which centered on his grandfather Martin Elsaesser, a well-known architect.


The invention is a method for diagnosing operation of a nonthermal plasma discharge device and a lean NOX trap disposed in the exhaust of an internal combustion engine. The method further includes reducing power to the nonthermal plasma discharge device and determining that the nonthermal plasma discharge device is operating properly when a con centration of NOx of exhaust gases exiting the lean NOx trap increases in response to reducing power to the nonthermal plasma discharge device. Additionally, the nonthermal plasma discharge device is found not to be operating when the NOX concentration remains Substantially constant in response to a decrease in power Supplied to the nonthermal plasma discharge device.


ers as defined in theory-it includes only public schools, and both school survival and staff employment rights are guaranteed. And it is a demonstration, not an experiment. But considerations of theoretical and methodological "purities" really beg the question at this point. Witness the changes in Alum Rock that have taken place in the last three years, according to Levin: *"Joint planning and design of the curriculum by classroom teach-


Some societies can cope, at least temporarily, with pollution and availability constraints. In most of the world, however, population increases continue without significant reduction rates. Growth will continue to impose increasing demands upon freshwater supplies. Control and reversal of degradation requires a proper economic and social valuation of fresh water. Human impact on freshwater ecosystems will increase until industrial growth is stabilized.
Emotionalism and alarmist reactions to the momentum of exploitation by the technological system accomplish little. Understanding the metabolic responses of aquatic ecosystems is essential in order to confront and offset the effects of human alterations. Many small ponds in different parts of the world have been drained or reclaimed to extend arable land. This has caused unusual fluctuations in water land, the impact of which is tremendous. The biodiversity and dynamics of different phytoplankton population are one of the least explored areas in aquatic biology.
Ecological studies give humans a deep insight into principles of life, its forms and levels of existence. F.A forel may be considered as the founder of modern limnology for his original work on Swiss Lakes. The primary social need of every sustainable society is to protect and utilize all their natural resources wisely.
In India, such studies on the pattern of energy flow in aquatic ecosystem by various organisms at different trophic levels are very few. Odum suggested to bring out a comparative picture by investigating the physical, chemical and biological characteristic of lentic water bodies. It is clear that no detailed bioecological investigations have been done so far in this area.


Twenty-two subjects were asked to generate fifty numbers from 0 to 100 at ten second intervals. These subjects were then taught to imagine a pleasant scene or an aversive scene on cue from the experimenter. After practice imagining these scenes, subjects were again requested to give fifty numbers between 0 and 100. Group I was cued to imagine the pleasant scene following responses ending in 1 to 3 and the aversive scene for numbers ending in 7 to 9. Consequences were reversed for Group II. The frequencies of response under differential covert conditioning did not replicate the findings of the original study by Epstein and Peterson. Since no significant changes in rates of response for the target categories occurred, the discussion questioned the theoretical basis of covert conditioning.


Without any adjustments on the engine,we measured the performance of a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine ZS1110TD fueled with the bio-diesel.Compared with the performance of the-10# diesel used in the same engine,the power and the torque of the bio-diese are lower,and the effective fuel consumption is higher under the same working condition.


In this study is shown the possibility of the Raman spectroscopy as a method to control the parameters of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) subjected to powerful ultrasonic impact. These parameters affect the strength of the nanoframe formed under the action of laser radiation, which ultimately affects the final strength of the nanocomposite. Also a linear dependence of the intensity of G-band (∼1590 cm−1) spectrum of the nanocomposite from the mass concentration of CNTs was found, which allows to determine the concentration of CNTs in the desired area of the film of the nanocomposite with an error of less than 5 %.


Activated carbons are attractive materials for supercapacitors due to their physical and chemical proprieties. They present a typical capacitance comprises between 100 and 150 F.g-1. One of the most popular strategies to improve their specific capacitance consists in adding a faradaic contribution by grafting redox molecules. However, both the double-layer capacitance of the carbon and the internal resistance suffer from the grafting. In this work, we propose to graft the organic binder with redox molecules instead of carbon, in order to concomitantly obtain a large capacitance value and an efficient ionic transportation within the porous structure of the carbon, which is promising for enhancing both energy and power densities.


This editorial accompanies an article by De Beer et al. in the same issue of SAJS analysing the views of South African surgeons on aspects of training, research and the practice of surgery in South Africa.


The vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectrum of 1,1-C2H2FCl has been examined in detail between 5 and 15 eV photon energy by using synchrotron radiation dispersed by three different monochromators. Quantum chemical calculations are performed to help in the analysis of the valence/Rydberg transition region centred at 7.05 eV including the 3a″(π)→π* and the 3a″(π)→3s Rydberg transitions. Interactions between states involving transitions to the 3s, 4d and σ* orbitals are identified. A vibrational analysis is proposed for the structures belonging to these transitions. For the π(3a″)→π* transition, one vibrational progression is observed with ω3 = 1410 ± 50 cm−1 and its lowest excitation energy is determined at about 6.398 ± 0.003 eV. The π(3a″)→3s Rydberg transition is characterised by a single progression with ω3 = 1410 ± 80 cm−1 likely starting at about 6.45 eV. These vibrations are ascribed to the C=C stretching motion. The abundant structure observed in the spectrum between 7.8 and 10.5 eV has been analysed in terms of vibronic transitions to ns (δ = 0.97), np (δ = 0.63 and 0.40) and nd (δ = 0.13 and −0.11) Rydberg states, which belong to series converging to the 1,1-C2H2FCl+() ionic ground state. The analysis of the vibrational structure of the individual Rydberg states has been attempted leading to average values of the wave numbers ω3 = 1420 ± 20 cm−1, ω7 = 720 ± 50 cm−1 and ω9 = 390 ± 50 cm−1. Between 10.5 and 12.5 eV, nine other Rydberg states converging to the 1,1-C2H2FCl+() first excited state were analysed by the same way. The vibrational structure of these Rydberg states results from the excitation of one vibrational normal mode ν7 with an average value of ω7 = 520 ± 20 cm−1, which is assigned to the C–Cl stretching vibration as inferred from quantum chemical calculations.


KIZHEVA, Y., T. VANCHEVA, P. HRISTOVA, M. STOYANOVA, M. STOJANOVSKA, P. MONCHEVA and N. BOGATZEVSKA, 2013. Identifi cation of Xanthomonas strains from tomato and pepper and their sensitivity to antibiotics and copper. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., Supplement 2, 19: 80–82 This study aims to characterize 136 Xanthomonas strains causing bacterial spot of tomato and pepper from different regions in Bulgaria and Macedonia. Three species were identifi ed by PCR with species-specifi c primers. Xanthomonas vesicatoria affects tomato and pepper and is the dominant species in Bulgaria on tomato while Xanthomonas euvesicatoria affects only pepper. This is the fi rst report of Xanthomonas gardneri of tomato and X. euvesicatoria of pepper in Bulgaria. Amylase activity and ability to utilize cis-aconitate of the strains vary and cannot be used for species differentiation. The tested xanthomonads were sensitive to streptomycin. Copper ions in generally used concentrations in practice were effective only against pepper strains.


My parents, Charles and Elsa Chauvel, were pioneer Australian filmmakers. Their career spanned thirty years, from silent film to colour feature and television documentary. Their most famous film Jedda celebrates its fiftieth anniversary with its release on DVD.


In the present paper the magnetic field effects on discharge parameters in rf excited CO2 lasers are calculated. A rf generated plasma imbedded in an external, constant, and homogeneous magnetic field is considered. The continuity equation is used to derive the electron density. Quasineutrality condition and ambipolar diffusion are used. Electron attachment coefficient is neglected. Local electric field, local electron density, and thickness of charge layers are derived as a function of distance from the electrodes and magnetic field. The thickness of charge layers in the presence of magnetic field is always smaller than one without the magnetic field. When the magnetic field increases, the electron density increases in all regions of discharge, and the electric field reduces in the charge layers but increases in the middle part of discharge.


The technical flow of the air-conditioners is presented. The work characteristics of the pumps and the application of frequency conversion timing in the pumps are discussed. The different automatic control modes of freezing water and cooling water cycle systems are put forward, analyzed and compared. An application case in a fired power plant shows that with frequency conversion timing and automatic control techniques, the significant energy saving has been realized.


A factor of 2 is missing in the second term in the left-hand side of equation (B.3), i.e. the correct form reads -DR01ij + 2δ[i| R010|j]. A factor of 2, in front of the second term, in front of the antisymmetrization, is also missing in equations (B.7)–(B.10) and (B.12), (B.13). In the first line of the proof of lemma 7, ℓam(i)bm(j)c should be replaced by m(i)aℓbm(j)c. These corrections do not influence any calculations or results in the paper.


Antarctic shergottite EETA 79001 and polymict eucrite ALHA 78132 contain Hg which is anomalous in the 196Hg or 202Hg isotope. The anomalous fractions were extracted at 130°C during stepwise heating of neutron irradiated samples. The 196/202Hg ratios differ by factors of 2-4 from the normal Hg ratio. This is an enormous effect. Approximately fifty other Hg fractions extracted at temperatures up to 1200°C from these and several other Antarctic basaltic achondrites and from the non-Antarctic fall, Shergotty, gave 196/202Hg ratios within 20% of normal.


The effects of coating treatment of essential clove leaf oil and its mixture with chitosan and calcium chloride on preservation of Dangshan pear were investigated at low temperature(0℃-2℃).The results indicated that treatment had significant preservation effect on Dangshan pear,the formula of 40μl/L essential clove leaf oil plus 1% chitosan and 1%.calcium chloride(DKLO2 treatment) showed the best preservation effect amoung 7 treatments.It could prominently delay the coming down of firmness and SSC,delay fruit respiration peak 10 days than control,restraint MDA,relative electric conductivity and PPO activity increasing.At storage of 30d,SOD activity increased 95.61%,CAT and POD activities were 2.22 and 4.28 times of control's,respectively.The shelf-life of Dangshan pear could reach 7 months after DKLO2 treatment.


The intubated intensive care unit (ICU) patient requires a complex care regimen, addressing both physiologic and psychological needs. A patient requiring an endotracheal tube for mechanical ventilation may be difficult to manage. Often, patients are sedated for overall comfort and safety. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the best regimen for optimized patient outcomes when using different sedation protocols. These studies have explored both optimal sedation medication combinations and protocols for weaning to a timely and successful extubation. In this article, the reasons we sedate, measures of sedation and pain assessment, suggestions for tapering sedation, and the individual medications commonly prescribed to maintain sedation for the intubated ICU patient are discussed. The topic of procedural sedation for the ICU patient in the out of unit setting is also explored.


Author(s): Arnott, Alaine | Abstract: Despite the plethora of data collected and analyzed about tuition as a primary cost of higher education, little to no attention has been paid to fees as a portion of that cost. Most of the existing research, including reports from the National Center for Education Statistics, combines tuition and required fees into one entity, and rarely separates fees from tuition. Framed by the theory of academic capitalism (Slaughter a Rhoades, 2004), this analysis examines the use of required fees as part of the overall price of a higher education institution, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Further, factors related to internal pressures facing public institutions are correlated with the use of fees as a revenue generating strategy. Findings suggest that sales and services of auxiliaries and gifts and government appropriations are positively related with the use of fees within the overall price of a higher education institution, indicating fees may be a result of universities participating in market-like behaviors. Results indicate institutions may be using fees as a way to increase the cost of attendance without directly increasing list tuition.


In this paper, the relationship between life insurance and various economic and demographic characteristics of households were examined. The study conducted in urban and rural areas of Krishna District in Andhra Pradesh show that individual and household level variables are important factors of life insuranceownership. The objective of thisstudy was to examine the relationship between life insurance ownership and the demographic, economic and educational characteristics of respondents. The analysis was based on data from filed survey. The stratified sampling technique was used in selecting respondents and Chi-square test was employed to apply to match up observed data with data that would be estimated according to a given hypothesis. From the study find the major significant factors of insurance in urban area are caste, level of education, earning members in the family, income, savings and nature of accommodation. In the rural area caste, level of education, number of children in the family, number of dependents in the family, income and savings are the determinants of insurance. In both areas caste, level of education, income and savings are the significant factors.


german painting from romanticism to expressionism is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the german painting from romanticism to expressionism is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The invention relates to a corner connector having two Eckkorperhalften, on each of which fastening means are provided, said corner connector for connecting two profile elements is suitable and the corner connector has two hinges, the hinge axes are aligned perpendicular to each other, the inner leg of the hinges rigidly on a stabilizing member to each other connected and the outer leg of the hinges are formed by a respective Eckkorperhalfte. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a frame comprising four profile elements connected to each other, in particular four profile strips or hollow-chamber profiles. In addition, the invention is directed to the use of a corner connector for forming a frame as well as to a method for tensioning a canvas is directed over a frame.


A 32 b 480 MHz PowerPC reduced-instruction-set-computer (RISC) microprocessor is migrated into an advanced 0.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with copper interconnects and multi-threshold transistors. These technology features have helped to increase the microprocessor internal clock frequency to 480 MHz at 2.0 V and 85/spl deg/C, and at the fast end of the process distribution. When operating at room temperature, the clock frequency increases to over 500 MHz. The microprocessor architecture includes two 32 KB L1 caches, one for data and one for instructions, integrated L2 cache controller working with L2 caches of 256 KB, 512 KB, or 1MB, and I/Os interfacing with the external bus using industry-standard 3.3 V. The microprocessor is implemented in 2.5 V CMOS technology and has migrated to 1.8 V CMOS technology.


DAVID JACOBS is professor emeritus in sociology at Ohio State University. He seeks to answer questions about the political economy of the United States. His most recent publications analyzed the political determinants of economic inequality and redistributive public policies with time-series and pooled time-series research designs. Another research stream has dealt with the political factors that influence the severity of criminal justice outcomes. He is working on additional studies of the political effects of racial and ethnic divisions.


Train's Map of the Month shows the various lines—Colorado Midland, Colorado & Southern, and Denver & Rio Grand—that served the famous Colorado mining town, Leadville, in 1905. The text provides a brief history of Leadville, where gold was found as early as 1860, and later silver ore was mined. The Colorado & Southern removed its tracks in 1938, except for 13.7 miles between Leadville and Climax. The isolated Climax branch shipped a component of steel known as molybdenum, out to market over the rails of the Denver & Rio Grand Western.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To examine and compare the differences in symptoms and symptom clusters between postmenopausal women with early stage breast cancer who did and did not receive chemotherapy prior to aromatase inhibitor(AI) therapy.

BACKGROUND
Women with breast cancer often experience multiple concurrent symptoms during AI therapy. The burden of symptoms prior to AI are associated with nonadherence to cancer treatment. To date, few studies have comprehensively explored the symptoms and symptom clusters occurring prior to AI therapy.

DESIGN
Secondary analysis of a prospective repeated measures study.

METHODS
The sample comprised postmenopausal women (N=339) with breast cancer who would receive AI therapy with or without chemotherapy. We collected information on 48 symptoms after surgery or chemotherapy but before AI therapy using different symptom assessment tools. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the differences in the severity of symptoms between groups. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to determine symptom clusters. This study followed STROBE guidelines.

RESULTS
The most severe symptoms among women with breast cancer prior to AI therapy were: breast sensitivity, unhappy with the appearance of my body, general aches and pain, joint pain and muscle stiffness. Women who received chemotherapy prior to AI therapy experienced significantly higher severity of 22 symptoms than women who did not receive chemotherapy. Through EFA seven distinct symptom clusters were revealed in both groups: cognitive, musculoskeletal, psychological, vasomotor, weight, sexual and urinary, with additional gastrointestinal symptom cluster been identified in women who received chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates the presence of symptoms among women with breast cancer prior to AI therapy, with higher severity of symptoms and greater number of symptom clusters for women who received chemotherapy.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Nurses should assess and be aware of symptoms and symptom clusters existed prior to AI therapy and manage them in advance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The long-standing solar and atmospheric neutrino anomalies [1] now give compelling evidence for new physics in the lepton sector. The data are well described in the simplest 3-neutrino oscillation framework [2] defined by two mass-squared differences ∆m2sol and ∆m 2 atm, three angles θ12, θ23, θ13 and one relevant CP-violating phase δ. The parameters ∆matm and θ23 are determined by atmospheric experiments, while ∆m2sol and θ12 are determined by solar experiments. For θ13 there is only an upper bound sin 2θ13 . 0.1 at 90% CL derived from reactor experiments [3]. The phase δ is completely unknown. A new generation of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments using a neutrino beam from the decay of muons in a storage ring is discussed [4]. Such so-called neutrino factories should give a precise determination of θ13, possibly down to few×10−4, exploring also the important issue of leptonic CP violation [5]. In a large class of models neutrino masses are accompanied by non-standard interactions of neutrinos (NSI). These can be non-universal (NU) or flavour-changing (FCI), and may arise also in the absence of neutrino mass [6]. Such non-standard interactions of neutrinos affect their propagation in matter, with implications for solar [7, 8, 9, 10], atmospheric [11, 12], and astrophysical neutrino sources [13]. The possibility to use a neutrino factory for probing NSI with the earth matter, which neutrinos have to cross necessarily in a longbaseline experiment, has been previously examined in the appearance channels (−) νe → (−) ντ [14] and (−) νμ → (−) ντ [14, 15]. In this letter we will consider the impact of NSI on the determination of neutrino mixing parameters assuming the standard setup of a neutrino factory. Therefore, we will focus on the (−) νe → (−) νμ channels, i. e. the "golden channels" for the measurement of θ13. In contrast to refs. [14, 15] we need only to assume a muon detector, which seems more realistic than a tau detector. We treat NSI and neutrino oscillations in a common framework to investigate correlations between the corresponding parameters. We show that the presence of a small FCI in the e − τ channel, safely within current limits, leads to a drastic loss in sensitivity in θ13, up to two orders of magnitude. This follows from a strong correlation between these parameters. We show how this effect can be diminished to some extent if two baselines are combined.


Hany Salah El Den Tawfik 1 , Emad Mustafa Abd El Hafez 1 , Ahmad Mustafa Nawar 2 and Mikel Botros Labib. 1. Professor of general surgery faculty of medicine Banha University. 2. Lecturer of general surgery faculty of medicine Banha Universit. 3. Specialist of general and laparoscopic surgery. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 02 January 2018 Final Accepted: 04 February 2019 Published: March 2019


Jobs and economic transformation are essential for eradicating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. For the poor and vulnerable, who may not own land and have limited capital, jobs provide the surest pathway out of poverty. Research shows that rising wages account for 40 percent of the drop in poverty rates over the past decade. Better jobs not only raise productivity and earnings, they empower women, strengthen social cohesion, and moderate migration from fragile and conflict-affected situations. However, with more than two billion people of working age not participating in the labor force, the developing world is facing a serious jobs crisis. Among those who do participate in the labor market, around 200 million people are unemployed, including 75 million under the age of 25.69 Recent estimates suggest that around 40 million jobs per year


CFPRA has identified several areas within the food industry where the use of modern micro-computer technology is likely to improve product quality and process efficiency. The use of real-time computation and computer logic enables mathematical modelling techniques to be used for process control, thus parameters may now be controlled although they may not be measured directly. This paper deals with the application of a micro-computer based control system to the problem of retort control via FO value and describes the capabilities of the system, plant interfacing, instrumentation and the implications of 'derived-value control'.


The multivariate effect of task sequence, memory support, and state anxiety was investigated using a nonverbal concept-acquisition task. Ninety-six Indian college students were randomly assigned to 4 treatment conditions resulting from the task sequence: easy-to-hard, memory support, and nonmemory support. Subjects receiving the easy-to-hard sequence did significantly better on the performance test than the hard-to-easy sequence. Also, the memory support treatment groups had significantly fewer errors on the performance test than the nonmemory,support condition. The instructional condition of the easy-to-hard sequence plus memory support, as the optimal treatment, provides manipulatable variables for applied usage. (Author/HS) FINAL REPORT Project No. 2 -H -006 Grant No. OEG -8-72 -0002 (509) EFFECT OF TASK SEQUENCE AND MEMORY SUPPORT ON INDIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS Richard C. Boutwell Department of Instructional Research & Development 370 ARLC Brigham Young University Provo, Utah 84601


Twenty-seven insecticides applied to artificially infested cattle as sprays and 3 applied as sprays and dips were evaluated for control of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Say), and the southern cattle tick, B. microplus (Canestrini). Effectiveness was determined by inhibition of production of viable eggs by female ticks that were adults or nymphs at the time of treatment. A 0.06% coumaphos suspension was used as a standard of comparison for the sprays; the following materials were equal to or more effective than the standard: 0.25% Bay 37341 ( O, O -diethyl O -[4-(methylthio)-3,5-xylyl] phosphorothioate), 0.25% Bay 39007 ( O -isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate), 0.25% bromophos-ethyl, 0.3% Ciodrin® ( alpha methylbenzyl 3-hydroxycrotonate dimethyl phosphate), 0.15% dioxathion, 0.1% Dowco® 175 (2,4-dichlorophenyl propyl methylphosphoramidate), 0.1% Dursban® ( O, O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), 0.1% fenthion, 0.125% Imidan® ( O, O -dimethyl S -phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate), 0.45% Shell SD-8447 (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate), and 0.1% Shell SD-8448 (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-vinyl diethyl phosphate). Freshly charged vats containing 0.25% carbaryl or Shell SD-8447 controlled ticks satisfactorily; the same insecticides were less satisfactory after 6 weeks of aging and moderate use. Outstanding control was obtained throughout 42 weeks with Dursban in a vat which contained 0.11% active ingredient initially and 0.03% finally.


Background & Aim: Uterus and breasts are an important part of a woman's sexual selfimage. Given the psychological effects of the removal of female organs on body esteem and psychological adjustment and coping of individuals, the present study aimed to compare the cognitive emotion regulation strategies, body image, and sexual satisfaction of women with and without a history of hysterectomy and mastectomy surgeries. Materials & Methods: This causal-comparative research was performed on 135 women (45 with a history of hysterectomy and 45 with a history of mastectomy, and 45 normal) selected by convenience sampling in Rasht, Iran in 2019. The participants completed the Garnefsky's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P), Littleton's Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), and Short Form Sexual Functioning Scale (FSFI-6) voluntarily. Results: In this study, there was a significant difference among the three groups of women in terms of the cognitive emotion regulation strategies; in this regard, the strategies of women with a history of mastectomy (31.13%) were more compromised, compared to women with a history of hysterectomy (28.53%). Regarding body image, women undergoing a mastectomy (68%) were more concerned with their body image, compared to those undergoing a hysterectomy (43.77%). On the other hand, women in the hysterectomy group (18.11%) had a lower sexual satisfaction, compared to the subjects in the mastectomy group (19.49%). In addition, normal women were more balanced in terms of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, body image concerns, and sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the type of cognitive emotion regulation strategy of women with a history of hysterectomy and mastectomy surgeries affected their sexual satisfaction and performance. Furthermore, mastectomy had a greater negative impact on the body image of individuals.


An input_output energy decoupling method is proposed for norm_bounded uncertain linear systems with time_varying delay. It is an approximate decoupling method, by which the energy of every input mainly controls the energy of a corresponding output and has little effect on the energy of the other outputs. The results are obtained by LMIs so that the problem is easy to be solved.


A numerical computation of squirrel cage induction machine parameters is presented using the finite element method (FEM). The effects of main field saturation are studied and the different parameters can be calculated for any magnetising current value. To take into account magnetic state variations, a 'dynamic' mutual inductance is introduced into the saturated machine model. All these parameter values are used in the field-oriented control system realisation, and experimental results are described for constant and weakened flux operating points. Special attention is given to the adaptation of the control law during flux-weakening, to take into account desaturation effect. The results obtained are quite satisfactory.


In March 1992, Saudi king Faheder decided to establish the saudi negotiatory meeting, which was based on Islamic spirit and merged western democratic system with characteristic that accord with the situation of a Saudi Arabia. Not only is it the outset of the political democratization in Saudi Arabia, but also it is Islamic country carry out the innovation . Saudi negotiatory meeting is the picture of Saudi Arabia forces who are ebb and flow. From it, we can grasp its political trends in future.


OBJECTIVE. We tested the hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphisms of inflammatory genes C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) may exert influence on susceptibility to Kawasaki disease and its arterial sequelae. METHODS. We analyzed the CRP +1444 C→T and TNF-α −308 G→A polymorphisms in 167 patients aged 8.9 ± 4.1 years with a history of Kawasaki disease (73 with and 94 without coronary aneurysms) and 124 healthy control subjects. For patients with Kawasaki disease, we further determined whether these single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with coronary aneurysms, carotid arterial stiffening, and intima-media thickness. RESULTS. Genotypic and allelic frequencies of CRP +1444 for T carrier and TNF-α −308 for A carrier were significantly higher in patients than in control subjects. The genotypic and allelic distributions did not differ between patients with and those without coronary aneurysms; however, patients with CRP +1444 CT/TT genotype compared with those with a CC genotype and patients with TNF-α −308 GA/AA genotype compared with those with a GG genotype had significantly greater carotid arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness. Carriers of both CRP +1444 T allele and TNF-α −308 A allele had the highest susceptibility to Kawasaki disease and a significant trend of increased arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness compared with those who carried either 1 or none of the rare alleles. Multiple linear regression analysis identified CRP +1444 allele carrier as a significant determinant of both carotid stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness and TNF-α −308 A allele carrier as a determinant of only intima-media thickness. CONCLUSIONS. Our findings suggest that CRP +1444 C→T and TNF-α −308 G→A polymorphisms are associated with predisposition to Kawasaki disease and, in patients with Kawasaki disease, increased carotid arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness in the long-term.


In this paper,based on the linear programming and combined with the objective programming's characters,the basic line algorithm of the objective programming is formed.Here some improvements and the spread are taken.The objective programming is solved by the basic line algorithm and the procedures of solving objective programming are given.An example is also given,which shows that the method is more concise,quicker than simplex method.Moreover,it is convenient to make procedures.


While DNSSEC provides authenticity and integrity to the domain name system (DNS), it also introduces a new vulnerability—zone enumeration [12, 5, 4, 19]—which allows an adversary that asks a small number of targeted DNS queries (one per record in the zone) to discover the full contents of a zone. An enumerated zone can be used as "a source of probable e-mail addresses for spam, or as a key for multiple WHOIS queries to reveal registrant data that many registries may have legal obligations to protect" [12] (e.g., EU data protection laws [13],[3, pg. 37]), or to create a toehold for more complex attacks. As the Internet of things becomes increasingly ubiquitous, it also becomes increasingly important to keep the names and addresses of these "things" (e.g., thermostats, fridges, baby monitors) away from remote attackers. NSEC5 was introduced in [8] as an extension to DNSSEC that solves the zone enumeration problem while still remaining secure even if the authoritative nameserver is compromised. (This is in contrast to (1) NSEC3 [12], which is vulnerable to zone enumeration via offline dictionary attacks [5, 19], and (2) "NSEC3 White Lies "[6], and "NSEC3 Black Lies" [16], which solve DNSSEC's zone enumeration problem but assume the authoritative nameserver is trusted to hold the secret DNSSEC zone-signing key (ZSK); thus, if the authoritative is compromised, the security of the zone is compromised as well.) In this work we revisit NSEC5 proposing a modified version based on a custom-made elliptic curve cryptography construction that produces much shorter responses than the originally proposed version. Moreover, we provide the first working implementation of NSEC5-ready authoritative and recursive nameservers, and discuss their performance.


The article is devoted to research on the peculiarities of an institutional transformation path of the Ukrainian economic system. It stresses the importance of differences between officially declared and actual matter-of-fact institutions, as well as formal and informal norms in the economy. The aim of the paper implies clarifying the factors that hinder Ukraine's economic system from attaining higher welfare levels and implementing effective economic reforms. The author offers its own approach of analyzing the transformation and evolution of Ukrainian economics based on the institutions of property, power, competition, innovations, and values. The paper investigates these five groups of institutions, because they substantially influence the decision-making process of economic actors, as well as impact the general pace of economic development, both separately and conjointly. In particular, property plays a crucial role for individuals and state as a fundamental economic, law and philosophic category; power regulates the organization of political processes and leadership inside the state and economics; competition stands for a major market economy driver; innovations express potential progress opportunities; values incorporate mentality and a way of thinking that determines the behavior of economic subjects. Nevertheless, the Ukrainian economic system still possesses the potential for successful institutional development, embodied in intelligent and hardworking people who regularly tend to cope with life difficulties and economic circumstances. Besides, Ukraine gradually advances (with rises and falls) in some of world institutional rankings, which also indicates certain positive changes. In total, the five-component approach developed within the article could serve as a basic framework for analyzing the institutional transformation of economic systems.


Objective To test the efficacy of health belief model education on serum lipids in perimenopausal women in China.Methods A total of 100 community-based healthy perimenopausal women aged from 40 to 60 were randomly assigned to receive either health belief model education(intervention group, n=53) or usual care(control group, n=47). Women in intervention group were provided with a booklet and interview one by one and encouraged to followed healthy diet and increased their aerobic activity.Women in control group continued their normal habits. Total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), and triglycerides(TG) were assessed at baseline, the sixth months, and the twelfth month during the follow-up. Results The data from biophysical outcome measures supported the efficacy in intervention group, with significant decreases in women's TC and LDL-C. At the sixth month, there were significant decreases in TC and LDL-C in intervention group(P0.05). At the twelfth month, there were significant changes in TC and LDL-C between intervention group and control group. Conclusion The health belief model education can decrease serum lipids in perimenopausal women in China.


This paper presents an approach for carrying out passive underwater acoustic localization of a vocalizing marine mammal with data from a single receiver, and aims to build upon earlier work on localization based on the time of arrival of acoustic energy traveling either directly from source to receiver, or bouncing one or more times off the ocean surface and/or bottom.  This localization approach will be applied to a multi-year data set consisting of thousands of fin whale vocalizations, necessitating an approach with a high degree of automation.  This approach uses a comparison between the recorded fin whale vocalizations and model-predicted acoustic waveguide impulse responses at a set of candidate ranges and depths relative to the receiver.  The location whose estimated impulse response best matches the recorded fin whale call is deemed to be the estimated source position.  A small number of calls distributed throughout the data record were localized individually using a linearized Bayesian localization approach with a quantitative uncertainty analysis incorporating both data and environmental uncertainties.  The data for this study were recorded by the single hydrophone in the ALOHA cabled observatory, located 100 km N of Oahu in 4728 m of water.  Repeated hydrographic, chemical, and biological sampling has been done at this site since 1988, facilitating acoustic propagation modeling in the vicinity of the ALOHA site.  The primary motivation for this work is to estimate the local population density of fin whales observed near the ALOHA cabled observatory.


Increasing recognition is being accorded the importance of maintaining a safe atmosphere above and below decks. Changes in the regulations of government bodies and classification societies reflect the research and development that has resulted in a new generation of inert gas systems, high velocity tank vents, gas freeing devices and valves being fitted to tankers and chemical carriers.


Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenol compound containing terpenoid structure. It has been intensively studied because of its wide variety of promising biological properties, such as anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the medicinal application of resveratrol is extremely constrained due to its poor bioavailability and stability. In the past decade, more attention has been focused in exploring resveratrol derivatives to improve its pharmacological activities or pharmacokinetics. This review covers the literatures published over the past 15 years for the isolated and synthesized analogues/derivatives of resveratrol. The emphasis is on the chemistry of new compounds together with the relevant biological activities and Structure-activity relationship. This review might be useful for guide further optimization and may helpful to develop of resveratrol-based clinical drugs.


The 21-year-old Red Fuji apple trees were used to study the effect of bagging with different types of bags on the fruit shape index,color index,brightness index,single fruit weight,fruit firmness,soluble solid content,soluble sugar content,and titratable acid content.The results showed that the D-4 and D-10 types of bags was the best,and the fruit bagged with them had bright skin color,high cleanness index,rich flavor,moderate sweet and sour and better tolerance to storage and transportation.


previously, and this was followed by a group of small exuberant growths, the two largest being of the size of large peas. These were irregularly lobulated on their surfaces, which were moist. In earlier days, it was a cardinal axiom that such melanotic growths should be removed at once surgically, but surgeons do not appear to be anxious to carry this out at the present time.' My colleague, Mr. Tyrrell Gray, agreed that radium treatment should be tried, and I sent the case on to the Radium Institute under the care of Di. Lynham, who has very kindly given her radium treatmuent. The growths have flattened down and appear to be doing well. These cases used to be called melanotic sarcoma, but more recently they have been shown to be really carcinomatous in nature. No biopsy was made, nor is that procedure in such cases recommended, but I have no doubt the case is one of melanotic carcinoma.


While a world flooded with COVID 19 expects the success of massive vaccination programs, a new and dangerous syndrome of only three months old has been described. It strikes individuals that received adenovirus vector vaccines, resulting in thrombocytopenia and thrombosis with significant mortality. This article summarizes clinical, laboratory and therapeutic aspects of the disease as well as its impact on the people confidence in SARS-COV-2 vaccines.


This campaign is caused of worry about the condition of Indonesian young generation at the future, that today have attacked of negative values like pornography, sexual abuse, unplanned parenting, and peer pressure. If we looked to the research of Kita dan Buah Hati Foundation, BKKBN, and Children National Committee of Indonesia, the results show us the facts if our children is so close to abuse contents and pornography from their gadget, social media, game, and application. From this facts, the one of many treatments should takes is educating the parents how to prevent their children from negative effects of time and technology today. The challenged of time and technology have converted the lifestyle of many people. The factors as indicator are gadget as an primary needed, daily activities in social media, and technology development that decrease the social interaction. Furthermore, this conditions could be an effective campaign about children educating guidance for parents in social media. Talked about social media, they developed by visual aspects. There are many social media that supported by values of image friendly. This factor make an opportunities to develop an visual campaign, especially with comics. Comics chosen to make the campaign spread massively, and more easier to remembered by parents. Our hope the values of children educating guidance can help the parents in educating their children and prevent the Indonesian young generation from many negative values. Kata Kunci : Tuntunan Anak, Komik Pendidikan Anak, Kampanye Media Sosial


PurposeThis study aims to investigate the association between intellectual capital (IC) and bank efficiency of Taiwanese bank branches.Design/methodology/approachThis study manually collects sample data from 107 non-public financial reports of the bank branches of Taiwan Business Bank Company Limited. As this study concerns bank branches, this study uses questionnaires related to IC to measure the implementation of IC at branch level. This study employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) models (BCC, EBM and BootBCC) to identify bank branches' efficiency. This study uses partial least square-based structural equation modeling analysis to assess the impact of IC and bank efficiency.FindingsResult reveals that relational capital (RC) significantly and negatively impacts bank efficiency. Findings also imply that human capital (HC) and structural capital (SC) do not contribute to bank efficiency in Taiwan.Practical implicationsSpending effort in building relationships with customers diverts banks' resources. More inputs that are used may not be converted to outputs immediately. Bank branches should focus on enhancing their service quality to attract customers to use the facilities provided by branches.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this empirical study is the first to examine the association between IC and bank branches' efficiency in Taiwan by integrating primary and secondary data. For IC components, this study conducts a survey by designing the questionnaires related to IC to assess the implementation of IC at bank branches in Taiwan. In terms of efficiency, this study uses bank financial data and DEA models to identify bank branches' efficiency.


Bioethanol is one of most importantly renewable fuel which the government has a plan for increasing production of bio-ethanol from currently 1.3 million liters per day to 9 million liters per day in year 2021 for replace fossil energy.  The supporting policies growth up the production by increased the planted-area and yield per rai of sugarcane and cassava that were main material for produce bioethanol.  In addition, the research and development was investigated new material. Oil palm biomass included fronds, trunks, empty fruit bunches and mesocarp fiber that were interesting alternative materials for bioethanol production. When considered to be remaining non utilization quantity and these has also chemical compositions. The juice squeezed from fronds and trunks of oil palm content high values glucose of 58.95 and 85.2 g/liter, respectively.  Besides, the cellulose and hemicellulose chemical composition in oil palm biomass  were hydrolyzed by acid or enzymes conversed to sugar monomer that used for fermentation to bioethanol. Therefore,  oil palm biomass indicated the promising alternative resource for production of bioethanol, if the research and development are continuously supported by the government.


Although British Rail adopted 50 Hz a.c. traction 21 years ago, questions about whether the choice is right are still asked. Despite successes like the West Coast main line, electrification still goes in fits and starts. The author examines some of the technical and policy problems in ensuring a policy of continuity.


This study aims to illustrate the problem of (Quasi) Complete Separation in the sparse data pattern occurring medical data. We presented the failure of traditional methods and then provided an overview of popular remedial approaches to reduce bias through vivid examples. Penalized maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian methods are some remedial tools introduced to reduce bias. Data from the Tehran Thyroid and Pregnancy Study, a two-phase cohort study conducted from September 2013 through February 2016, was applied for illustration. The bias reduction of the estimate showed how sufficient these methods are compared to the traditional method. Extremely large measures of association such as the Risk ratios along with an extraordinarily wide range of confidence interval proved the traditional estimation methods futile in case of sparse data while it is still widely applying and reporting. In this review paper, we introduce some advanced methods such as data augmentation to provide unbiased estimations.


A study was undertaken on the compressive high strain rate properties and deformation behaviour of Direct Metal Laser-Sintered (DMLS) Ti6Al4V (ELI) parts in two separate forms: as-built (AB) and stress relieved (SR). The high strain rate compression tests were carried out using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar test system at ambient temperature. The average plastic strain rates attained by the system were 400 s−1 and 700 s−1. Comparative analyses of the performance (flow stresses and fracture strains) of AB and SR specimens were carried out based on the results obtained at these two plastic strain rates. Microstructural analyses were performed to study the failure mechanisms of the deformed specimens and fracture surfaces. Vickers microhardness test values were obtained before and after high strain rate compression testing. The results obtained in both cases showed the strain rate sensitivity of the stress-relieved samples to be higher in comparison to those of as-built ones, at the same value of true strain.


Purpose To conduct research related to slow neutrons, fast neutrons must be mode-rated and shifted to the desired energy region. Methods In this research, an iterated prediction method, in which the neutron transportation properties of all materials were characterized by a reflection matrix, R, and a transmission matrix, T, was proposed to bypass a time-consuming Monte Carlo simulation and predict the performance of the moderator, including the epithermal neutron flux and the dose of fast neutrons and gamma-rays, used for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). To find the optimal solution in the huge parameter space, a genetic algorithm combined with transmission and reflection matrices was utilized. Results The results showed that a 70-loop iteration was able to find a design for the moderator of BNCT with almost 80% higher epithermal neutron flux per kilowatt than that of the empirically optimized moderator that was previously reported in the literature. Compared with the Monte Carlo method, this method had the advantage of reducing the calculation time and statistical errors. Conclusion The Genetic Algorithm with Matrices (GAM) method can be used to find an optimal solution in a huge parameter space without brute-force calculations. It could be a promising method for designing the moderator for thermal or epithermal neutron usages. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The present invention provides a method of displaying a list of services receivable through network connection in an image display device and an image display device using the same and the method includes: detecting a network state for each service by measuring data transmission and reception velocities to and from servers providing a plurality of services, respectively; comparing a target bitrate required in the corresponding service with the detected network state for each service; and arranging information on the plurality of services according to the comparison result and displaying the information on a screen.


Free early education for disadvantaged two year olds was first piloted in 2006. The offer aims to improve disadvantaged children's social and cognitive outcomes so that by the age of five they are as ready as their more advantaged peers to start and fully benefit from school. The programme aims to provide good quality early education combined with support for parents, for example, to improve their confidence in supporting their children's learning and to deal with other challenges in their lives, such as health problems and family difficulties.


We investigate the rationality of electric power reform from the conventional uprightness enterprise system to nowadays capital discretion and assets recombination from the economic angle, and study the series of problems as from the power industrys self characters after it recombines and forms many interest principal parts, and how to solve these problems.


There is a need for the development of an efficient information system in our hospitals. Inefficient medical information systems, over time, have often resulted in manual operations, which in turn require more employees, and reduce the profitability of medical practices. Clinical Database Information System is not a new technology in the medical industry. In recent years, Clinical Database Information System has been implemented all around the world Nigeria inclusive. Gbagada general hospital is a foremost hospital in Lagos. Some of processes in the hospital have been automated, but sophisticated features of the Clinical Database Information System need be included. In this paper, we have identified the need to develop Clinical Database Information System for Gbagada General Hospital. Some of the problems identified during our analysis were the issue of consultation report. This is a very vital feature that a system should provide. This makes it easier for another medical practitioner to evaluate medical condition of the patient. This system also allows for the tracking of patients' response to treatment. The primary information used for this research was obtained from Gbagada General Hospital. Secondary information was obtained from literature review of past researchers. The Water Fall methodology was adopted for the research. This is because Water Fall Model is suitable for the development and delivery of a high quality system at a relatively low investment cost. The front end of this system was developed using Portable Hypertext Programming (PHP) language. The back end was developed using Structured Query Language (SQL). Our major challenge in this research was access to information.