In-situ TiB2/Al-7Si composites were fabricated by K2TiF6 and KBF4 compounds reaction in Al-7Si melt. Adding appropriate amount on the basis of Mg elements, the effect of RE on the microstructures and mechanical properties of TiB2/Al-7Si were investigated. The results show that the addition of adequate RE elements, not only can be refined a-Al and eutectic Si phase, but also can increase the TiB2 particles and aluminum matrix wettability, effectively prevent TiB2 particles, make the reunion of TiB2 particles uniform distributed and more small. The hardness is increased by about 12.9%, and the abrasive-wear weight loss of unmodified eutectic alloys is decreased by 11% to 19% and the friction factor is reduced by 6% to 12% when adding about 0.6% RE into alloys. The hardness and wear resistance of composites are obviously improved.


The importance and necessity of soil impact assessment in project EIA were analyzed.The corresponding strategy and suggestion were proposed,based on the existing problem in soil impact assessment.


We demonstrate the complex conductivity of ZnO nanowires using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The influences of annealing atmosphere to terahertz properties of ZnO nanowires are investigated by fitting the experimental data with the Drude-Smith model.


and we are fortunate in having an English version of this work.2 It is well known that regeneration of nerve fibres fails to take place within the central nervous system: the abortive attempts made towards this end and the regression of the sprouts put forth from the central stump are described in these two volumes. The structure of the neuroglial elements of the central nervous system and their demonstration by the famous gold chloride sublimate method are perhaps more often associated with Cajal's name than his earlier studies on the neurones, although it is clear from his autobiography that the latter were regarded by him as his principal achievement. However, the application of these new glial methods to embryological material revealed a series of developmental changes in the morphology of the neuroglial cells that was later adapted by Bailey and Cushing to the study of the gliomata. It was found possible to classify these tumours into types corresponding to stages in the embryological development of the neuroglia, a brilliant piece of work that has proved to be of practical as well as of academic importance, since upon it depends all modern work in neuro-surgery. It has now been abundantly demonstrated that both prognosis and treatment of the gliomata depend upon histological identification of the tumour disclosed at operation; some require radical removal whilst others are better treated by irradiation. The last stages of Cajal's career saw him established as an acknowledged master with a school of energetic and often brilliant pupils in a magnificent institute provided by a grateful Government. In the present unhappy state of Spain all this has inevitably come to a standstill. We can only hope that means will be found to rebuild the splendid new school when fighting comes to an end, and that this revival may come soon.


ABSTRACT A permit for a Buddhist place of worship in suburban Melbourne was rejected by the local Planning Committee. The application by the Mirror of the Dhamma Society to hold small religious gatherings in a semi-detached single storey house in an area zoned General Residential was deemed inappropriate. The paper focuses on this event that circulated contagious global white affects of anxiety and fear in response to potential changes in the Australian suburban infrastructure. What escaped scrutiny, however, was state-sanctioned aesthetic judgements of appropriate suburban infrastructures that were underpinned by invisible but dominant social and cultural norms. This paper calls for undoing these norms, recomposing white affects, and remaking Australian suburbia in ways that veer away from stigmatising or exoticizing material expressions of cultural diversity in the built landscape. Responding to Felix Guattari's call for a new aesthetic paradigm with ethico-political implications, I explore the possibilities for new suburban ecologies that transcend the secular/sacred binary. The paper is written from my shifting positionality as a first-generation migrant woman and Australian of Indian heritage who arrived in Melbourne 19 years ago. It is informed by my broad research agenda on everyday multiculturalism, grounded religiosity, and belonging in cities with white majority cultures.


Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of the mini-plate fixation of phalangeal fractures.Methods:32 cases of patients with phalangeal fractures from January 2007 to May 2009 in our hospital were treated with mini-plate fixation and carried out for treatment of postoperative active functional exercise.Results:The incidence of joint-constrained was 8.93% in the experiment group,21.15% in the control group,there was a significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).The operating time,wound healing time and discharge time showed no significant difference in the two group(P0.05).Conclusion:The mini-plate fixation of metacarpal and phalangeal (plantar toe) fixes solid,good early functional recovery of the activities and it is an ideal method.


Adults of Bembidion confusum Hayward are gregarious and inhabit the immediate vicinity of streams, making small, round holes as temporary shelters. Population numbers, especially those of immatures, depend mainly on quantity of water in the stream. Hibernation is from late October to early April of the following year. Hibernating stages are larva, pupa, and adult. Developmental periods for eggs, larvae, and pupae in spring averaged 7, 60, and 13 days, respectively. Eggs are laid singly three to four per day over a period of 5–6 days. The first batch matured ca. 2 weeks after emergence and the second, 2–3 weeks after the first. Total number of eggs per female per batch was 18–24, depending on number of ovarioles. Food consisted of mud beetle larvae, collembolans, small dipteran larvae, and its own larvae, all breeding in the same habitat. Adults lived 4–8 months, depending on time of emergence. In females, egg resorption took place frequently during dry summer months. Both sexes mate with several different individuals. The spermatheca holds spermatozoa of 4–5 different males simultaneously; sperm are then mixed by contraction of muscles surrounding the spermatheca before fertilization. Thus, there is no priority of sperm from individual males in this species. In males, free spermatozoa developed not in testes, but in vesicula seminales, and spermatogenesis was repeated only in 6–7% of males studied.


Classifier ensemble selection may be formulated as a learning task since the search algorithm operates by minimizing/maximizing the objective function. As a consequence, the selection process may be prone to overfitting. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to show how overfitting can be detected when the selection is performed by two classical search algorithms: Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization; and (2) to verify which algorithm is more prone to overfitting. The experimental results demonstrate that GA appears to be more affected by overfitting.


Reactive oxygen species (ROS) control many different processes in plants. However, being toxic molecules, they are also capable of injuring cells. How this conflict is resolved in plants is largely unknown. Nonetheless, it is clear that the steady-state level of ROS in cells needs to be tightly regulated. InArabidopsis, a network of at least 152 genes is involved in managing the level of ROS. This network is highly dynamic and redundant, and encodes ROS-scavenging and ROS-producing proteins. Although recent studies have unraveled some of the key players in the network, many questions related to its mode of regulation, its protective roles and its modulation of signaling networks that control growth, development and stress response remain unanswered.


From January 2015 to March 2016, an outbreak of 23 human cases of listeriosis in the Marche region and one human case in the Umbria region of Italy was caused by Listeria monocytogenes strains showing a new pulsotype never described before in Italy. A total of 37 clinical strains isolated from patients exhibiting listeriosis symptoms and 1374 strains correlated to the outbreak were received by the Italian National Reference Laboratory for L. monocytogenes (It NRL Lm) of Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise (IZSAM) for outbreak investigation. A real-time PCR assay was purposely designed for a rapid screening of the strains related to the outbreak. PCR-positive strains were successively typed through molecular serogrouping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Applying the described strategy, based on real-time PCR screening, we were able to considerably reduce time and costs during the outbreak investigation activities.


In order to restrain the coherent speckle noise and background clutter in synthetic aperture radar(SAR) image,overcome the disadvantages of using SAR image segmentation method only to process the images,this paper presents a SAR image pretreatment method combined wavelet conversion with dual threshold value segmentation,adopts the method of wavelet multi-scale filtering to weaken the background clutter and high-frequency coherent speckle noise,and uses the dual threshold segmentation method which is simple and with little calculation amount to filter the clutter.Experiment results show:compared with the segmentation result of other algorithms,this method has good filtering effect,the contour of image edge is clear,the calculating time is short,it is an effective SAR image pretreatment method and has favorable practicability.


Palladium nanoparticles have been successfully incorporated into a porous diblock copolymer template using a novel technique. An ordered bicontinuous double gyroid phase was created from poly(isoprene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine). The poly(isoprene) matrix of this structure was subsequently removed by ozonolysis, creating a high specific surface area material composed of a poly(2-vinylpyridine) double gyroid network texture. Palladium ions were then adsorbed and reduced within the material. Large loadings of the nanoparticles were possible. It was also possible to kinetically control the dimensions (∼5−10 nm) and number density of the nanoparticles. Because of the high porosity and specific surface area of the template, this technique is very promising for high-performance catalysts and other applications.


In this paper, a simple microcantilever release process using anisotropic wet etching is presented. The microcantilever release is conducted at the final stage of the fabrication of piezoresistive microcantilever sensor. Issues related to microcantilever release such as microscopic roughness and macroscopic roughness has been resolved using simple technique. By utilizing silicon oxide (SiO2) as the etch stop for the wet etching process, issues related to microscopic roughness can be eliminated. On the other hand, proper etching procedure with constant stirring of the etchant solution of KOH anisotropic etching significantly reduces the notching effect contributed by the macroscopic roughness. Upon the completion of microcantilever release, suspended microcantilever of 2μm thick is realized with the removal of SiO2 layer using Buffered Oxide Etching (BOE).


Chyloperitoneum, a rare form of ascites, is most commonly due to malignant lymphatic obstruction (1). Diagnosis of chylous ascites by computed tomography (CT) has not been reported, to our knowledge. We describe a patient with malignant lymphatic obstruction that resulted in chyloperitoneum, producing an intraperitoneal fat-fluid level on CT examination. This report highlights the role of lymphatic obstruction in the genesis of ascites related to malignancy.


EnglishThis paper examines the way, especially during the second half of the 19th century, a series of optical mechanisms ( camera oscura, mirror, photography) and the technique of the portrait in turn caught in their nets the soul, the spirit and the gaze. For a large number of people (« savages », the inhabitants of far-off places, the ignorant, the unstudied, nomads), these instruments and the portraits they enabled really represented a mortal danger, that of their soul being ripped away from them to be put into a picture. Beyond the amused or mocking tone of the anecdotes recounting such facts, the real ideological strategy consisting in having a portrait of all these people can be perceived. Taking their portrait was a way of taking their souls, identities and personalities, alienating them and forcing them into the modernity of industrial and capitalist civilisation francaisCet article examine la facon dont, au cours de la seconde moitie du XIXe siecle surtout, une serie de dispositifs optiques (camera obscura, miroir, photographie) et la technique du portrait ont pris au piege tour a tour l'âme, l'esprit et le regard. En effet, pour un grand nombre de personnes (« sauvages », habitants de contrees reculees, ignorants, incultes et nomades), ces instruments d'optique et les portraits realises avec ont constitue un reel danger de mort, leur âme leur etant arrachee pour etre mise en image. Par-dela le cote amuse ou railleur des anecdotes rapportant ces faits, on percoit la veritable strategie ideologique qui consistait a portraiturer toutes ces personnes. Prendre leur portrait etait une maniere de prendre leurs âme, identite et personnalite pour les aliener et les faire entrer de force dans la modernite de la civilisation industrielle et capitaliste.


Dye wastewater has great danger to the environment because of high chrominance and high COD. To study the electro-chemical mechanism and the related factors affecting the treatment of dye wastewater, a model wastewater containing reactive flavine K-4G was prepared and treated by the electrolysis process with addition of manganese ore powder. The results show that the decolorizing rate and COD removal rate are 77% and 16%, respectively, under the following conditions: the ore powder amount of 6 g/L, pH≤7, the K-4G concentration of 15~1200?mg/L, the current density of 1~3 mA/cm~2, and the test time of 30 min. In the process, the colorific groups in the K-4G molecules were oxidized and the weak bounds broken down, which may generates the compounds of high hydro-solubility as benzene sulfonate sodium.


Using furoic acid and methyl alcohol as raw material,ferric sulfate as catalyst,methyl furoate was synthesized by esterification reaction. The effect of reaction time,reactant mol ratio,contents of catalyst were investigated. The optimum reaction conditions of synthesis were determined,and the yields is 86.2 % . The structures of the products were confirmed by IR and 1 H NMR.


The vegetation of the Enchantment Lakes Basin, which is located at and above timberline on the slopes of Mount Stuart, Washington, was examined by classification and ordination methods. A vegetation map relates the 21 recognized community types to physiographic and topographic features. Vegetation was divided into plots with and without trees. The 11 forested communities include those dominated by Larix lyallii and Cassiope mertensiana on moist slopes, L. lyallii and Phyllodoce glanduliflora on steep north-facing slopes, Abies lasiocarpa and Vaccinium inyrtillus on low elevation, moist sites, and several communities dominated by Pinus albicaulis on dry, exposed slopes. The 10 alpine communities include dry fell-fields dominated by Lupinus lepidus with a variety of forbs, communities dominated by Cassiope mertensiana and Phyllodoce glanduliflora and by P. empetriformis, and lush and wet meadow communities dominated by Lupinus polyphyllus and Carex nigricans. These communities are related to those identifie...


Stricter regulation by OFWAT has encouraged water companies to optimize all stages of the water treatment process. This work reviews the ozonation process, in order to evaluate the benefits and disadvantages of continuous versus intermittent ozone operation. Two Advanced Water Treatment Works (AWTW) were surveyed, Farmoor AWTW, Which involves traditional (chemical) treatment processes, and Kempton Park AWTW, which incorporates slow sand filter sandwich™ beds. Both reviews indicated that continuous ozone operation would result in an optimized solution based on dependability of ozone plant, reliability of water quality and cost efficiency.


A controlled microwave-assisted strategy has been elaborated for the fast and efficient synthesis of metallophthalocyanines scaffold. Compared to the conventional protocol, reproducibility of products was achieved, accompanied by significantly high purity and excellent yields


Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been applied to characterization of diesel particulates. For the engine and sampling condition analyzed, the volatile species are by mass in the range of 100 to 300 atomic mass units. Species identified include palmitic acid, methylnaphthalene isomers, and C sub 10 paraffin isomers. Positive and negative chemical ionization are used to confirm the presence of some carboxylic acids. Evidence suggesting the presence of other species is discussed.


Objective To evaluate the effect of music treatment in improving negative emotions and pains of patients in surgical intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Ninety surgical ICU patients under general anesthesia were randomly divided into experimental group(n=44)and control group(n=46).All the patients received the specialized routine nursing after operation.Then the patients in the experimental group underwent music treatment.Comparisons were conducted on the scores of self-rating depression scale(SDS),visual analogous scale(VAS),systolic pressure and diastolic pressure before operation and at 1st,3rd and 5th days after operation.Results The two groups had no significant difference on the systolic pressure and the scores of SDS,VAS and at 1st day after operation(P0.05).The values of SDS,VAS,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure at 3rd and 5th day after operation were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P0.01).Systolic pressure and diastolic pressure also had statistics significance(P0.05 or P0.05).Conclusion Music treatment can reduce patient's depressed emotion,maintain blood pressure,relieve pain and increase the comfort of ICU patients.


During the period 1972–74, approximately 3,000 narcotic addicts from Laos were sent to a Buddhist monastery in Thailand (Wat Than Kha Bok). This massive effort was initiated by a devout Buddhist woman. It was funded from a variety of sources including a Buddhist woman's auxiliary in Laos, an international organization funding philanthropic activities, the Ministry of Health in Laos, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the addicted people themselves. These particular data were obtained from 1,192 addicts admitted for treatment during 1973. Data were collected by trained employees in the Ministry of Social Welfare, using a format employed for previous research by the author in Laos. Demographic characteristics of the 1,192 people in the sample are presented. Clinical information in-eludes their age at addiction and the duration of their addiction. The sudden waxing of addict interest in this non-medical (even anti-medical) program is described, along with its subsequent waning. A limited evaluation of treatment outcome was conducted by the author in villages of Laos. These data are presented, along with mortality associated with the treatment.


The focus in 21st century society is knowledge-based: learning is critical, and information will continually become obsolete. The success of global higher education institutions will demonstrate their ability to manage networks of knowledge and to collect, document, and analyze data involving complex systems, thereby exhibiting adaptability and agility with complexity. In addition, technical innovations will alter the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in the workplace and society. Yet disruption and innovation are often the menu of the day, creating chaos and disorder. Complexity theory impacts all the critical aspects of global higher education.


Abstract : With the advent of sensory engineering, it may be possible to circumvent the problems of spatial-disorientation, increase efficiency, and/or improve performance in self motion tasks by the modification of visual information. As a first step to this end, the visual information necessary for optimal motion perception was explored. In one set of experiments, the effect of eye movements on the ability to perceive small speed or direction differences was investigated.


Osteoblasts and osteoclasts express functionalN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which participate in regulation of bone matrix. In rat femoral osteoblasts held in whole cell clamp there is a robust NMDA current but little if any response to l-glutamate. We have investigated expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in these cells. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we have detected expression of mGluR1b (but not mGluR1a, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6). Blockade of mGluRs with (±)-α-methyl-carboxyphenyl-glycine resulted in an enlarged l-glutamate-induced current that resembled the response to NMDA. Conversely, prior stimulation of mGluRs withtrans-(±)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (1S,3R-ACPD; mGluR agonist) reduced the NMDA-induced current by 77%. Monitoring of [Ca2+] i showed that NMDA induced a sustained elevation of [Ca2+] i , which was dependent upon [Ca2+] o . Treatment with 1S,3R-ACPD generated an initial transient that was independent of [Ca2+] o , followed by a sustained, [Ca2+] o -dependent phase, a response consistent with phospholipase C-mediated mobilization of stored Ca2+. Investigations of the interaction between the two receptors confirmed inhibitory modulation of the NMDA receptor-induced rise in [Ca2+] i by mGluRs. Parathyroid hormone, which also activates phospholipase C in osteoblasts, had a similar inhibitory effect on the NMDA receptor-induced [Ca2+] i response. Elevation of [Ca2+] i mediated by mGluR activation was reduced by subsequent stimulation of NMDA receptors. This is the first description of mGluRs in bone and shows that complex glutamatergic signaling can occur in this tissue.


: Royal Jelly (RJ) is a unique functional food having rich nutrient composition. Due to its extremely sensitive and perishable nature, the cold chain is inevitable to maintain the biological properties of RJ. Microencapsulation is considered as an alternative technology for commercial RJ forms, owing to the elimination of cold-chain requirements. The objective of the study is to evaluate the microencapsulation of RJ and its protective effect on the 10-HDA content as well as on the antimicrobial activity during a defined storage period. Microcapsules were formed by utilizing alginate cross-linking technique in the encapsulator (Buchi B-390, Flawil, Switzerland) under 450 mbar. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of fresh and microencapsulated royal jelly (MRJ) was examined, comparatively. The possible changes in antimicrobial activity in the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months were evaluated considering the changes in 10-HDA levels. The antimicrobial efficiency of RJ on test bacteria ( Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli ) and yeast ( Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis ) was maintained throughout the storage period. On the other hand, antifungal activity on test molds ( Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus flavus ) slightly decreased from the 3rd month. No significant difference between 10-HDA contents was observed until the end of storage ( p ˃0.05). The results indicate that microencapsulation retains the 10-HDA content of RJ for six months and is a promising method enabling storage at room temperature.


This paper conducts a sensitivity analysis on the influence of the quality, thickness, reflectance, emissivity, shape, and insulation of the collector roof glass, the cross section of the collector roof supports, various ground types, ground surface roughness, absorptivity and emissivity, turbine inlet and bracing wheel loss coefficients, and the ambient pressure and lapse rate on the performance of a large-scale (reference) solar chimney power plant. Computer simulation results indicate that collector roof insulation, emissivity and reflectance, the ambient lapse rate, and ground absorptivity and emissivity all have a major effect on the power production of such a plant.


Purpose: The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of pharyngo-oesophageal reflux laryngitis in patients with nodular goiter and local symptoms, before and after non complicated total thyroidectomy (TT), to assess whether its presence could have a role in the origin of swallowing problems and voice and throat discomfort. Materials and methods: During a months period 144 patients with non-toxic nodular goiter, were selected to be subjected to intervention of total thyroidectomy. Before surgery, these patients underwent a optic-fiber video-laryngoscopy (VLS), and a videofluorographic study of swallowing (VFFS). Results: Was not found a statistically significant difference between the pre-and post-operative. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in the presence of local symptoms, initially attributed to thyroid disease, physicians should investigate further before thyroidectomy, in order to identify the possible association of these symptoms with a pharyngooesophageal reflux laryngitis


Facing the digital age, mankind is facing new nodes in the social and psychological fields. The emergence of Internet addiction, depression associated with excessive use of equipment and the loss of real space conducive to increasing virtuality, coupled with the depletion of natural resources, have warned about health and lifestyle in society. Fast and direct life seems to place people in new spaces, and the impact of these spaces is still beyond the knowledge of social science. It is here that humanistic psychology, which officially appeared in 1961, can give us a more humanized face. Returning to human experience, emotion, personal values and sense of self-realization can lay a foundation for new thinking to reveal current problems. That is why the purpose of this work is to point out some problems in the digital age and then teach them the views provided by humanistic psychology in order to revitalize efforts to achieve a healthier life among individuals and in the environment.


Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (e5′NT), a membrane-bound enzyme and an essential member of ecto-nucleotidases which regulates extracellular purinergic signalling. Their upregulation results in various disease conditions, for example, inflammation, hypoxia and cancer. Therefore, efforts have been made to synthesize potent and selective inhibitors of e5′NT. Here we have synthesized, characterized and evaluated six thiazole derivatives (3a–3f) as potent e5′NT inhibitors. Among all derivatives, the compound (E)-1-(4-methyl-2-(2-(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl) thiazol-5-yl)ethanone (3a) exhibited maximum inhibition towards both human and rat enzymes. However, their potency against h-e5′NT was 24-fold higher than r-e5′NT. Only two compounds exhibited inhibitory behaviour towards r-e5′NT. The molecular structures of these derivatives were confirmed with the help of solid-state characterization through NMR (1H and 13C), FTIR and elemental analysis. Additionally, molecular docking was also implemented to explain putative bonding interaction between the active site of an enzyme and potent inhibitors.


This article presents the reaction of the East-central European (ECE) countries, members of the EU and NATO, to the Coronavirus pandemic Understandably, there are major similarities as the pandemic—a global challenge—hit every state of the region, by and large, in the same way The geographical location, size (absence of great powers), and historical traditions led to the exposure of these countries to the pandemic being closely aligned The points of international reference of these small and medium-sized countries can be seen to align in different directions as to which other states they watch and often follow when deciding about their steps in such a global crisis This article cannot be fully comprehensive and will, therefore, focus on the reactions of health and emergency services It raises the question as to whether any similarities are deterministic or whether there are noticeable differences due to the variety of their political systems and current history © 2020, Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes All rights reserved


Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics. By Michael Barnett, Martha Finnemore. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004. 240 pp., $45.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-8014-4090-4), $17.95 paper (ISBN: 0-8014-8823-0).

In Rules for the World , Michael Barnett and Martha Finnemore have written a forthright and path-breaking constructivist book that not only challenges the familiar realist and neorealist argument that international organizations (IOs) are entirely subservient to their member states but also the neoliberal assumption that international institutions are generally beneficent in character. In a sense, Barnett and Finnemore are addressing a great debate in international relations theory about the autonomy, authority, and power of IOs that never fully happened. They stake out a controversial and nuanced theoretical position, illustrate it with three case studies of actual bureaucratic practice, and consider the normative implications of the perspective they advance.

Barnett and Finnnemore observe that at least 238 IOs operate in the world today. These organizations are actively involved in all sorts of global issues and even deal routinely with matters that formerly were the exclusive province of states (p. 1). Yet, oddly, IOs have been rather neglected both in terms of theory and empirical research. Why? The reason has been the state-centric nature of international relations theory, which has tended to persist even as new theories evolved. Realism and neorealism initially dominated the field, and both approaches assumed that IOs and their behavior merely reflected the preferences of member states. Even the emergent interest in interdependence during the 1970s had the effect of slighting IOs because it focused mainly on international regimes, interpreted as the "principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures' that governed state action" (pp. vii–viii). As Barnett and Finnemore argue,

[I]nternational organizations … were not actors in their own right and had no …


A simple and precise fluorimetric method is described for the simultaneous assay in plasma of a mixture containing chlortetracycline, demethylchlortetracycline and tetracycline. Assay within the therapeutic ranges of 0–5 mg litre−1 is achieved by formation of strongly fluorescent aluminium/tetracycline complexes, without prior extraction or separation of the individual antibiotics. This is performed by determinations at the peak excitation and fluorescence emission wavelengths of each tetracycline chelate. The method can be similarly applied to the assay of oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline and minocycline.


Global change increases the risk of extreme climatic events. The impact of extreme temperature may depend on the tree species and also on the provenance. Ten provenances of Fagus sylvatica L. were grown in a common garden environment in Belgium and subjected to different temperature treatments. Half of the one year old seedlings were submitted to a high thermal stress in the spring of the first year, and all plants were exposed to a late spring frost in the second year. The high-temperature treated plants displayed reduced growth in the first year, which was fully compensated (recovery with exact compensation) in the second year for radial growth and in the third year for height growth. Frost in the spring of the second year damaged part of the saplings and reduced their growth. The frost damaged plants regained the pre-stress growth rate one year later (recovery without compensation). The high temperature treatment in the first year and the frost damage in the second year clearly influenced the phenological responses in the year of the event and in the succeeding year. Little population differentiation was observed among the provenances for growth and for phenological responses. Yet, a southern provenance, a non-autochthonous provenance (original German provenance that was planted in Belgium about a century ago) and a more continental provenance flushed earlier than the local Atlantic provenances in the year of the frost event, resulting in more frost damage. Some caution should therefore be taken when translocating provenances as an anticipation of the predicted climate warming.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to Chilean pulp mill effluent extracts on developing postfertilized medaka embryos before and after sex definition relative to sex steroids (testosterone and 17beta‐estradiol) and a wood phytoestrogen (beta‐sitosterol). Our study included 2 waterborne semichronic exposure experiments, using a 24‐h post fertilization (hpf) unknown‐sex FLFII (female leucophore free) group and a second 72‐hpf FLFII phenotypic sex‐identified group (male autofluorescence leucophore) strain of medaka embryos. Chronic exposure of both FLFII strain embryo groups showed similar delay in time to hatch and decreased hatchability. Teratogenic responses such as vertebral malformation (fusion, incomplete formation, and lack of vertebral formation process) and pericardial edema were observed in both experiments, with a high percentage related to FLFII fluorescent leucophore–identified males. In addition, high mortality associated with severe malformations was observed in male and female embryos exposed to testosterone. Our research has demonstrated that exposure to Chilean mill effluent extracts caused severe male medaka embryotoxicity (in postfertilized embryos) before and after sex definition and, irrespective of the experimental group and effluent treatment, suggests partial removal following secondary treatment. Furthermore, differences in the severity and type of teratogenic effects with previous experiments (d‐rR medaka strain), are associated with the unique phenotypes of this medaka mutant strain. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2297–2305. © 2021 SETAC


This thesis describes time-resolved observations of the eclipsing intermediate polar (IP) EX Hya at X-ray, UV, optical and near infrared wavelengths. IPs form a subclass of the cataclysmic variables (CVs). The latter are close binary stars with orbital periods of a few hours where a low-mass sun-like star loses mass to a white dwarf. During this process (which is called accretion) the transferred matter is heated to high temperatures, and consequently CVs appear as bright sources of radiation in a wide wavelength range. If the white dwarf has no magnetic field, accretion occurs via a so-called accretion disc onto the equatorial regions of the white dwarf. In IPs, however, the white dwarf has a magnetic field which is strong enough to break up the inner parts of the accretion disc and funnel the infalling matter onto regions close to the magnetic poles of the white dwarf, but which is too weak to synchronize the rotation (spin) of the white dwarf with the orbital motion of the binary system (as in the strongly magnetic polars). Consequently, IPs exhibit intensity modulations with both the orbital and the spin period. Therefore it is in principle possible to study the system geometry and the various accretion-induced radiation processes in the different regions of the system separately by means of time-resolved observations in various energy ranges.EX Hya is one of the most prominent and best studied IPs, shows a couple of remarkable properties and thus is one of the key systems for the understanding of this class of objects. However, in the literature there was so far no complete and consistent model for EX Hya. In this thesis, for the first time a detailed study of the system over the complete energy range from hard X-rays to the near infrared is carried out. From the data analysis a geometrically and energetically consistent model for EX Hya is derived which can explain all major observed properties of the system described in the literature. The model provides important new results concerning the distance of the system, the masses of the two components and the accretion rate. Furthermore, it raises suspicion that the method to determine the masses of white dwarfs in magnetic CVs from the observed hard X-ray radiation suffers from severe systematic uncertainties.


Density functional theory has been employed for the investigation of structure of polymers at interfaces where the polymer molecules have been modeled as freely jointed tangent hard sphere chains. The excess free energy functional has been evaluated within the framework of weighted density approximation while the ideal gas free energy functional has been treated in n exact manner. The weight function required for evaluation of the weighted density is obtained from the Denton-Ashcroft recipe, wit the bulk fluid direct correlation function obtained through the polymer reference interaction site model integral equation theory. The predictions of the theory is found to be in quantitative agreement with computer simul ations for the density profiles.


The imaging performance of a mechanically cooled, portable, coded-aperture, gamma-ray imager designed for international safeguards inspections at uranium enrichment plants has been characterized. The imaging performance of the instrument was quantified by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio as a function of the source distance, position, enrichment, and acquisition time. Based on the expected international safeguards application, importance has been given to the use of uranium standards enriched to less than five percent at source-detector distances greater than two and one-half meters. The implications of the results for the utility of the instrument for safeguards work are discussed. INTRODUCTION The ability to combine a three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner with a HPGe-based, coded-aperture, gamma-ray imager [1] was demonstrated during a measurement campaign conducted in a chemical makeup area at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). During this campaign, the coded-aperture imager was capable of detecting a 4.46% enriched source of 7.54 g U at a distance of 1.8 meters with a 400 second total acquisition time [2]. Such measurements using this combined system allow international safeguards inspectors to verify that the process system design, as well as the location of nuclear materials, are consistent with the operator's declaration. In addition, this combined system has the ability to detect undeclared nuclear materials. The end application of the project is to perform measurements in operating uranium enrichment facilities. To prepare for such field tests, the performance of the coded-aperture imager is currently being characterized in a laboratory setting with respect to source enrichment, source-detector distance, source position within the field-of-view (FOV), and acquisition time. To be useful for international safeguards inspections, it is desirable that the combined system be able to image low enriched uranium (LEU) at distances greater than two and one-half meters. The work is being conducted in the framework of technical cooperation agreements between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the European Atomic Energy Commission (EURATOM) and between DOE and the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC). The complete collaboration includes the following DOE national laboratories: ORNL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The effort also relies on the technical support and expertise from two regional safeguards organizations: EURATOM's Joint Research Centre at Ispra, Italy (JRC-Ispra) and ABACC.


Activated mouse N‐ras gene transfected into PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells suppressed proliferation and promoted neuronal differentiation. Normal mouse N‐ras in a LTR‐containing vector caused differentiation with a reduced efficiency, but normal N‐ras in a vector lacking LTR sequences failed to alter the PC12 phenotype. Cultures of NGF‐resistant PC12 variant subline U7 also showed outgrowth of neurites and cessation of cell division following transfection with the mutated ras gene. The present findings suggest that ras genes can, in certain cells, play a role in promoting differentiation and suppressing proliferation, in contrast to their established oncogenic neoplasiapromoting activity in other cells.


Abstract The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Caulerpa sertularioides f. longipes was first assembled and characterized using Illumina pair-end sequencing from the South China Sea. It is 133,626 bp long, with a GC content of 32.94%. In total, 92 genes were identified in the genome, and they consisted 60 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 30 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. Like other species in Caulerpa, the whole cp genome of C. sertularioides f. longipes did not demonstrate an obvious quadripartite structure. A total of 31 microsatellites (SSRs) were identified in the cp genome using MISA. A phylogenetic tree revealed that C. sertularioides f. longipes was closer to Caulerpa cupressoides, which further clarified the phylogenetic relationships of species in Caulerpa.


Aiming at the problem of fast estimation of the two-dimensional Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) of low-altitude and high-subsonic flight targets, a PCA-BP estimation method based on a uniform linear array of acoustic vector sensors arranged in a limited space was presented. For the fast direction finding of low-altitude flight targets, the traditional Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm was extended to a uniform linear array of two-dimensional acoustic vector sensors, and the corresponding PCA-BP fast estimation algorithm using a neural network implementation structure was proposed. While maintaining the advantages of multiple signal classification algorithms, this method expands the application range of PCA DOA estimation methods and effectively improves the real-time performance of acoustic two-dimensional DOA estimations.


The fluorescence filter is the key component which applied in the biomedical science and the life science instrument.It is described the design,manufacture of the deep blocking and very steep edges fluorescence filters.We provide higher isolation degree by adopting the new design of HB-β BPF coating.For dispersion play an important role in the influence of deep blocking,we depress the dispersion by optimize the technical parameter to get a deeper blocking.So the filter with less than 10nm interval(from OD0.3 to OD5),and OD7~OD8 blocking of the closed pass-band area can be produced.


Sewage treatment relies mainly on conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems, reaching sufficiently low pollutant effluent levels. Yet, CAS has a low cost-effectiveness and recovery potential and a high electricity demand and environmental footprint. By 2050, globally we have to solve severe water and phosphorus shortages while significantly decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. In this review and opinion paper, the ZeroWasteWater concept is proposed as a sustainable centralised technology train to short-cycle water, energy and valuable materials from sewage, while adequately abating pathogens, heavy metals and trace organics. Electrical energy recovery from anaerobic digestion of the organics present in sewage and kitchen waste (KW) has a value of €4.0 per inhabitant equivalent (IE) per year. In addition to sewerage improvements and water conservation, prerequisites include an advanced physico-chemical and/or biological concentration step at the entry of the sewage treatment plant. In the side stream, the recovery of phosphorus and carbon-sequestrating biochar from the digested sludge and of nitrogen from the digestate has a value of €6.3 IE−1 year−1. Alternatively, recovery of biogas and materials can occur directly on source-separated black water. In the main stream, partial nitritation and anammox oxidise residual nitrogen. Moreover, two serial heat pumps recover thermal energy, valued at €6.9 IE−1 year−1, cooling the water by 5°C, and membrane technologies recover potable water at €65 IE−1 year−1. Interestingly, ZeroWasteWater is expected to be economically viable. Key steps are to incorporate water chain management into holistic urban planning and thus produce a cradle-to-cradle approach that society will find acceptable.


Hydronic radiant heating systems embedded in building constructions are receiving increased interest due to their potential for high energy efficiency and improved thermal comfort, but their slow time constants pose challenges when controlling space conditions. We address this problem via a system architecture that combines theradiant heating system with a separate air-source heat pump serving the same space. In this paper, we develop a new coordinating control method for this proposed system by using a set of reduced order models generated from a set of coupled Modelica models of the individual subsystems. This new control architecture does not require significant modification of standard heat pump control architectures, and results in both improved thermal comfort and reduced energy consumption. Japanese Modelica Conference This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright c © Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., 2018 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Modeling and Coordinated Control of an Air-Source Heat Pump and Hydronic Radiant Heating System Christopher R. Laughman Scott A. Bortoff Hongtao Qiao Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA {laughman,bortoff,firstname.lastname@example.com


The composition of the volatile leaf oil of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex. P. Lawson was re-examined by fused silica capillary gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectroscopy. The leaf oil from Washington was high in α-and β-pinenes (9.1% and 37.9%), car-3-ene (19.3%), α-terpineol (6.2%), myrcene (4.1%) and terpinolene (3.1%). A total of 52 components were identified. This analysis is compared and contrasted with the previous analyses which reported from 8 to 17 monoterpenoids plus estragole in Ponderosa pine leaf oil. The utility of ion trap mass spectroscopy is shown to be of general use for the identification of flavours and fragrances.


Reactions of K3-pytza [K3-pytza = 5-(3-pyridyl) tetrazole-2-acetato potassium salt] with MnCl2·4H2O and 4,4′-bipy or mixed ligands with 4,4′-bipy (4,4′bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine), produced two new coordination compounds, [Mn(3-pytza)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) and [Mn(3-pytza)2(4,4′-bipy)] (2). The two compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 displays a 1D polymeric chain structure, whereas compound 2 shows a 2D layer network. The two polymers are self-assembled to form 3D supramolecular networks by hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, the luminescence of 1 and 2 in the solid state at room temperature were also investigated.


method using the equilibrium gas model was developed to simulate high altitude hypersonic flows. The aerodynamic performance of a lifting body was studied thereby, and the equilibrium gas effect compared with perfect gas was analyzed. The results show that the density after shock waves and the shock wave boundaries are evidently affected by the equilibrium gas effect, but the total aerodynamic forces and moments exhibit little difference since the pressure after shock waves and that around walls vary partially and slightly with different gas models, i.e., perfect gas and equilibrium gas.


Eye tracking devices is reduced to the glasses sizes. These wearable eye tracking devices, it can be expected to work with the living environment, which was turned into Internet of Things (IoT) by eye tracking gestures. In this research, mentioned simple pattern of intentional eye movements by the eye tracking device, characteristics of eye movements, and aims to select optimal gesture patterns. Author developed Eye Tracking System by Pupil-Labs Open Source. And it was a pre-experiment using the Unistroke gesture. As a result of pre-experiment, linear shape gestures in the Unistroke gestures is good reproducibility as human recognize.


Allen, P. L. America's Awakening. Pp. 288. Price, $I.25. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, I906. This book is made up of articles which have previously appeared in &dquo;The Outlook,&dquo; together with some new material. The author attempts to give a brief historical summary of the political upheaval which has shaken the country during the last few years and to make the reader acquainted with the personalities of some of the men who have been in the thick of the fight. As he states in his preface, it is an attempt also to show that the pessimistic view taken by many in regard to the disclosures of corruption in high places is &dquo;hopelessly biased.&dquo; The first chapters give a brief account of the


Despite the frequency of rotator cuff tendinopathies, rotator cuff repair procedures still have high failure rates. Thus, new treatment strategies that accelerate healing and improve regeneration are needed. Tissue engineering approaches, which include the implantation of extracellular matrix scaffolds, cells, and/or growth factors, can be applied to modulate the healing process, improving biomechanical properties and functional outcomes of the repaired tendon. In particular, the microstructural properties of extracellular matrix scaffolds can influence cell migration, protein synthesis, and fiber organization in healing tendon. Through manufacturing techniques, such as three-dimensional printing, the properties of these scaffolds can be optimized for rotator cuff regeneration. In addition to scaffolds, implantation of stem cells and tenocytes has been shown to increase healing rates and reduce inflammation in animal models but has not been tested clinically. Many growth factors also are present at the wound site during healing, but studies attempting to recreate these conditions during healing with platelet-rich plasma have found little evidence supporting its use. Systematic treatments, including anti-inflammatory medication and metalloproteinase inhibitors, are commonly used in rotator cuff tendinopathies but have adverse effects that inhibit tendon healing. A variety of tissue engineering and biologic treatments for rotator cuff tendinopathy are currently being developed, but challenges still remain before they can be applied clinically.


People with Motor Neuron Disease (MND) experience muscle weakness. The human head can weigh 5kg so when this happens in the muscles around the neck it can become very difficult to hold the head up and result in the head falling forward.
The situation can lead to extreme pain, restricted movement, problems with eating, drinking, swallowing, breathing and importantly adversely affect face to face communication. Ideally, a neck collar would help alleviate these important quality of life (QoL) issues. Current neck collar provision can be of limited use for people with MND and are regularly rejected by users as often they are designed to immobilise the head and neck, and can be socially stigmatising.
A fundamental reappraisal of the way these physical products are configured and used was undertaken. The project explored the use of open and empathic approaches to the co-design of solutions and further product designs role as developer and explorer of complex multidisciplinary, social and QoL issues. It demonstrates experts working openly together using a range of 'live' research practice methods to arrive at holistically considered optimum outcomes.
The project was funded by the NIHR i4i program. The team consisted of clinicians, engineers and designers working with partners including people experiencing MND and their carers. Processes included a range of research through design methods at the heart of which was a series of ten, iterative, co-design workshops. The team developed mutual empathies between project participants. These played a key role in the motivation to reach appropriate solutions.


The major contributions of this paper are as follows: 1) The mathematical model of the cylindrical robotic arm is presented. This model is obtained by using the Euler Lagrange method. 2) The method to obtain the mathematical model of this paper is different to others because they use the Jacobians, the inertia tensors, or the Christoffel symbols, while in this paper, none of these methods is used. 3) It is proposed that the torque or the force used to move each link needs to compensate the initial value of the gravity to obtain the home position. 4) It is proposed that an optimal control is online applied to robotic arms for the regulation case. The proposed optimal control can be online applied to rigid robotic arms. The Riccati equation used in the proposed optimal control is online solved at the same time than the optimal control works. 5) The proposed optimal control is compared with a proportional control for the regulation case where the �rst is better than the second. 6) It is proposed that an optimal control is online applied to robotic arms for a reference point different of zero. The proposed optimal control can be online applied to any kind of rigid robotic arm. The Riccati equation of the proposed optimal control is online solved at the same time than the optimal control works.


The Open Method of Coordination (OMC) is currently under intense academic scrutiny, with attempts to assess its nature as a mode of governance (De la Porte et al 2001; Dehousse 2002; Scott and Trubek 2002) and the extent to which it can be seen as a 'new' mode of governance (Laffan and Shaw 2005, Smismans 2006). The OMC does exhibit some clearly different characteristics from what is termed the classic 'Community Method'; however, with the recent re-launch of the Lisbon Strategy emphasising the need for streamlining and greater coordination of EU policies, the distinctions between 'old' and 'new' governance are becoming ever more blurred.


In the discussion of Postcolonial Englishes, Cameroon English is a well-known variety, yet many of its features have not been fully described. One of these features is adverbs and their syntactic positioning. Hence, the present paper aims to show that the input-oriented feature specifications of adverbs and their syntactic positioning have undergone certain innovation processes in Cameroon English. These innovations include placement of adverbials to permit the SVAO information structure, employment of adjectives ending in -ly as adverbs, formation of adverbs from nouns by adding the suffix –ly, substitution of adjectives for adverbs, placement of adverbials after the verb in verb + long object clause, placement of an adverb modifying a participle after the word it modifies, and placement of adverbials of time between the subject and verb. The paper argues that the motivation behind novel adverbs as well as novel syntactic positioning of adverbs stems from the co-existence of English and many other languages in the linguistic ecology of Cameroon. The innovations can be codified into a variety-specific grammar of Cameroon English in its construction and semiotization of Cameroonians' sense of socio-cultural and linguistic identity.


The structure of semicrystalline polyethylene (PE) strongly affects its properties. Two important structural features, namely the concentrations of tie chains and entanglements cannot be directly a ...


AbstractArt therapy literature available on computer databases was surveyed to assess the literary activity of registered art therapists along with other mental health professionals between the years 1983 and 1993. Computer databases were selected as the source of gathering information because they offer a wide and varied audience accessibility to a vast amount of information. Information available from the databases is often the first encounter persons have with professional literature. Seven computer databases were surveyed for the frequency of entries containing the term art therapy. Findings revealed that twice as many articles authored by individuals other than A.T.R.s were included in these databases. Implications for the field of art therapy and its practitioners and potential compromises in the delivery of services are discussed.


The functionalized form and contents of carbon nanotubes which applied to the preparation of the composites are summarized. The applications of functionalized carbon nanotubes for the preparation of polymer composites are briefly reviewed and present some research directions in the future.


We describe what sort of physical information many-time experiments produce, and how that information can be verified by further such experiments.


A bending die with cam driver mechanism was designed.The die could transform verˉtical movement to horizontal one,accomplishing the bending process in different direction.The paper also introduced the structure,the working process and the key parts of the die.


Abstract Abstract The automotive industry is facing new challenges from increasing product diversification, decreasing product life cycle times and the permanent need of cost reduction. The increasing complexity of products and the reduction of costs per unit determine complex manufacturing systems with high levels of automation. The product ramp-up has a crucial role for the financial success in the automotive industry. The performance of a ramp-up depends on the maturity of product and manufacturing system. The reuse of knowledge of experience is an extraordinary driver for the maturity of both product and manufacturing system. A new approach combines the Delphi-method with experience management software based on semantic web technology. The combined solution enables to reuse experience for the development of highly automated manufacturing systems and to minimise ramp-up risks.


Key Points Question What is the burden of tumor boards among oncology physicians? Findings In this survey study of tumor board burden, identifying as a woman or a parent was associated with a significantly higher level of burden from early morning and/or late evening tumor boards. Having 2 or more children, attending 3 or more hours per week of tumor boards, or being a radiologist or pathologist was associated with a significantly higher level of burden overall. Meaning This study suggests that future strategies should aim to decrease tumor board burden, particularly the disparate burden on parents, women, and/or specific specialists.


Bulk high-density polyethylene (HDPE) films crystallized from isotropic melts show a spherulite structure; the tensile stress-strain (S-S) curves of such melt-pressed (M-P) films show a characteristic shape caused by necking. On the other hand, extruded-blown (E-B) HDPE films show an anisotropic structure in which lamellae are stacked normal to the extrusion direction. The S-S curves of E-B films showed various shapes for various elongation directions relative to the lamellar orientation direction. When drawn perpendicular to the extrusion direction (parallel to the lamellar orientation direction), the S-S curve showed typical necking behavior resulting from unfolding from one part of the lamellae. When drawn diagonal to the extrusion direction (diagonal to the lamellar orientation direction), the yield stress was smaller due to slippage between the lamellae. When drawn parallel to the extrusion direction (perpendicular to the lamellar orientation direction), the S-S curve was smooth, but it was shown that micronecking occurred repeatedly in various parts of the specimen. The characteristic shape of the S-S curve of the M-P films was reconstructed as the sum of all S-S curves of the E-B films in various directions. From a structural viewpoint, the deformation behavior of the bulk film, which has a spherulite structure, can be simulated at least qualitatively by the deformation behavior of anisotropic E-B films in various directions.


The proper management of storm-water requires a comprehensive watershed management team approach involving different departments, private sector and local governments and each and every citizen of the state of Florida. At the same time management of storm-water also involves land and storm-water planning and management which require the use of non-structural and structural controls.


of denouncing curiositas as immoderate thirst for knowledge. Not only on the narrative-realistic level but also on the metaphorical level is curiosity a leitmotif in the Battle and the Tale. In the fable of the spider and the bee, the spider symbolizes the presumptuousness and curiosity of extreme followers of the New Learning. Being the perfect emblem of pride, the dull and lazy spider also (surprisingly, but consistently) represents the vice of accidie. A careful reading of Swift's beast-fable reveals significant parallels between the spider's intellectual idleness and the three notions which accidie comprises: the old monastic vice of spiritual despair (tristitia et acedia), the secular 'sin of sloth', and the component of 'melancholy', which in secular Renaissance thought replaced tristitia. The concluding chapter considers Swift as a mediator keeping a delicate balance between tradition and progress, defying definitive summation as an unambiguous Ancient. The bee voices Swift's primary concern -in the Controversy by displaying that "the consciousness of the past" (to adopt T. S. Eliot's term) is an indispensable prerequisite for creative activity and liberty and also a necessary element in man's struggle to ensure that moral progress keep pace with technical progress.


The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, resulting from a massive earthquake, had the worst accident. Its causes are studied from safety culture and the inherent safety points of view. The matters that these fundamentals had not been embodied in the nuclear plants are as follows: priority of safety, seismic strengthening works, redundancy and diversity of subsystems, asymmetry failure mode; simplification and limitation of baneful effects on reactor cooling system, simplification of reactor building, attenuation and avoiding knock-on effect by miniaturizing reactor, tolerance toward leakage or melt-down at reactor pressure vessel, tolerance toward hydrogen gas generation, limitation of gas explosion effects, simplification of emergency countermeasures, and making status clear in emergencies. Therefore, the accident was triggered by the earthquake, but the escalation into an extremely significant accident was directly caused by a lack of safety principle and inherent safety designs. It must be more man-made than natural disaster.


Aim: To evaluate the role of antioxidants against ROS- Mediated for Obesity. Subjects and Methods: 198 subjects aged 20-78y, classified by nutritional status using Body Mass Index (BMI). Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and peroxidase Glutathione (GPx), were measured, to estimate antioxidant activity (TAA). Oxidant Activity (TOA) was estimated by Reactive Oxygen Substance (ROS) Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), Carbonyl groups (CG), Total hydroperoxides (THP) and Conjugated dienes (CD). All received antioxidant supplement and diet. Results: 58 normal-weight, 140 over-weight and obese. Calculating TAA and TOA with computational program. After three months, increased TAA (p<0.0001) and decreased the TOA (p=0.0002). CD was higher in obese than in overweight and normal weight (p=0.03), showing a significant trend across ordered groups. SOD (1753.4, 1649.6 and 1527.7 U/gHb respectively, p=0.005). Random-effects logistic regression showed a negative association of TAA (OR=0.97, p=0.07) and positive association of TOA (OR=1.03, p=0.039) with overweight and obese, adjusting by sex and age. Conclusion: The results support, that obesity increases oxidative stress, and that dietary antioxidant supplement, may play a role in neutralising or buffering the effects of obessity that display oxidising properties.


Expansion and growth of body information monitoring service based on WBAN technology speeds up technological evolution in bio-signal detection and measurement, real time monitoring of vital sign and telemedicine control. It is essential for taking action against such technological evolution that newest technology trend and standardization issue should be included in designing and materializing body-information monitoring system strategically to secure preceding technology and to preoccupy market. This paper investigates and analyzes technological trend & issues, and suggests task to take action technologically.


The present invention relates to compositions of chondrocyte cells, including human, and methods for their preparation and their uses. The invention more particularly describes the production of suspensions of autologous human chondrocytes, using recombinant enzymes and / or compatible with pharmaceutical use environments. The invention also describes methods and compositions for chondrocytes freezing, particularly in the absence of DMSO. The chondrocytes products can be used in vivo to restore the affected cartilage structures, such as post-traumatic cartilage defects or osteochondritis dissecans of the knee or, more generally, for the treatment and rehabilitation of clinically significant cartilage defects, including articular cartilage.


The anterior submaxillary glands of the domestic fowl are paired, compound tubular glands. Each is divided into four lobes and each lobe is composed of branching lobules. Secretory acini are distributed along the lobules and each lobule drains into the oral cavity by a separate duct. The lobules originate as ingrowths of the oral epithelium at the 9-day incubation stage. These primordia later increase in number and length, and become branched. The secretory product is produced by both the acinar and duct cells and is demonstrable at the 14-day incubation stage. It is a mucous secretion containing sulfated mucopolysaccharides and mucoproteins. Sialomucin, if present, could not be demonstrated. The secretory product increases in amount within the cells and lumina during the prehatching period. The duct and acinar cells stain positively for ribonucleic acid and alkaline and acid phosphatase, and possess mitochondria and Golgi bodies. The evolution of these substances and organelles parallels cytogenesis and ...


A mixture of five selected, adapted, enzyme active producer bacterial species has been used as an additive to septic tanks in order to test its ability to increase treatment efficiency. Regarding the septic tanks receiving waste with medium load, the maximum removal was achieved at day thirty and showed ranges for removal % reaching 91.3–94.4, 93–95.8, 90–91.7, 75–87, and 99.95–99.99 for COD, BOD5, TSS, oil and grease and total coliforms, respectively. Septic tanks without bacterial additives were able to show removal % ranged as 79.3–88.5, 80–85.5, 75.1–83, 28–41.7 and 98.5–99.85 for the same parameters. Septic tanks that receiving influent with high load of pollutants, the maximum removal was achieved during the period of day 36–42 after addition of bacteria. The removal percentages for COD, BOD5, TSS, oil and grease and total coliform were ranged as 93.8–97.2, 94.5–97.0, 94.0–97.9; 64.0–93.8; 99.81–99.99, respectively. Septic tanks without bacterial additives showed percentages of removal ranged as: 64.7–87.2, 73.4– 89.6, 56.7–86.9, 34.6–45, and 92.8–99.28 for COD, BOD5, TSS, oil and grease and total coliforms, respectively.


Abstract This study compares monthly average frequency, intensity, and amount of hourly precipitation simulated by National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model version 2/Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme to the smoothed estimates of these observed locally over the continental United States. The observed monthly intensifies vary from less than 1 to 5 mm h−1, with lowest values in the winter in northern midcontinent and highest around the Gulf Coast in summer. Model intensifies are on the average 3-4 times less when drizzle is excluded and an order of magnitude less when drizzle is included. As might be anticipated, relative frequencies are much too high and intensifies much too low in the model fields, compared to those observed. The spatial pattern of these quantities and the total precipitation are more realistic. The study also compares extreme events and diurnal and seasonal variations and finds that, in general, the simulated precipitation has larger spatial variability, larger ...


Abstract Adsorption isotherms of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and decyltrimethylammonium bromide (DeTAB) on mordenites of different Si/Al ratios were determined in the absence and presence of sodium chloride. A surfactant ion-selective electrode was used for determining the equilibrium concentration of unbound surfactant ions. DTAB showed a stronger adsorption than DeTAB did and both surfactants interacted more strongly with mordenites of higher Si/Al ratio. The data analysis by a proposed modified BET treatment, which included site adsorption followed by an aggregation process on the site already occupied by surfactant ions, indicated that the adsorption constant for the site adsorption increased as the Si/Al ratio increased and the free energy change for the adsorption of DeTA + ion was reduced by 3.1 kJ mol −1 for each increase in the Si/Al ratio of mordenites. These observations were ascribed to the increasing hydrophobic interaction between surfactant and mordenite with increasing Si/Al ratio.


This work poses questions as to the fundamental treatment of discoveries of archaeological textiles. It is wide-ranging and, therefore, difficult to describe in a few pages. So a choice was made to broach the questions and furnish a comprehensive bibliography that supplies information on special problems and the means to their solution. Thus a deeper penetration into each subject is facilitated. Emphasis was placed on including recently published literature, which was not always possible, to call attention to the newer methods. The work is arranged in sections: conditions surrounding the discovery, material analysis, fabrication of the textiles, construction of the pattern, dating and determination of origin, commercial aspects, how the article was worn, and research methods in natural science.


Pattern Mining is a popular issue in biological sequence analysis. With the introduction of wildcard gaps, more interesting patterns can be mined. In this paper, we propose a new definition related to pattern frequency, under which the Apriori property holds. We define a pattern mining problem called Ming top-K Frequent Patterns (MFP), where gaps are mined instead of specified. Compared with existing problems, MFP does not require any domain knowledge of the user. However, theoretical analysis and experimental results show that MFP favors inflexible patterns. We then define another problem where the flexibility threshold of each gap is specified by the user. The problem is called Mining top-K Frequent and Flexible Patterns (MF2P). We develop algorithm with polynomial complexities for both problems. Patterns can grow from both sides. Some interesting biological patterns mined by our algorithms are discussed.


A novel subtractive laser patterning approach, actuated by reinforcement learning-controlled motorized XYZ stages, enables path-planning for quasi-arbitrary target patterns and an ability to supervise the machining process and perform self-correction following inadvertent pulse misfires.


Constitutional design has become a novel and globalized legal profession. As such, practitioners in this new field—advisers and consultants of constitutional formation and reformation processes—require practical and comparative tools to ply their trade. This Note attempts to fill a gap in constitutional design literature and provide such a tool by methodically examining "primacy clauses." By determining whether national or provincial law prevails when the two are in conflict, primacy clauses play an important role in maintaining federal balances of power. Three primacy approaches are found among the world's federal constitutions: national primacy, provincial primacy, and conditional primacy. This Note explores example constitutions for each approach and discusses possible effects each approach may have on power balances. Preliminary examinations suggest that conditional primacy may be more sensitive to the underlying reasons for original divisions of power between government levels; therefore, the conditional approach may be worth further exploration as a more effective and flexible approach to primacy.


A Medical Marvel?a story comes from Brisbane, and is going the round of thejnewspapers which supplies a remarkable instance of impudent invention and extraordinary credulity. It appears that one Signor Rotura has discovered a method of indefinitely suspending life. A South American drug is injected into an animal which straitway ceases to exhibit any sign of life. To prevent decomposition (!) the body is frozen. After an indefinite time it is thawed and restored to life by injectin ?r another substance known to Signor Rotura. The " experiment"' has only as yet been tried on sheep and dogs, but a corpus vile in the shape of a condemned convict is being petitioned for. We commend the subject to the notice of M. Jules Yerne. The oxygenation of a sleepy Dutch town would be nothing, in pseudo-scientific fiction, to a wholesale Rio-vau-Winkle-ism.


Abstract Three particularly important conclusions can be drawn as a result of the investigation described in the present paper. (1) The prooxygenic effects of the various organic salts of copper, i...


In order to operate successfully in today's work force, gerontologists need to learn, and to utilize, marketing of their gerontological skills. Entrepreneurial gerontology focuses on creative marketing for the individual gerontologist who wants to create gerontological positions within new or existing organizations and on the gerontologist who seeks to develop a gerontology‐related business. Essential are academic gerontologists who instill and promote within their students, their professional colleagues, older persons, and, indeed, within themselves, the entrepreneurial spirit, the innovative approach.


The present invention Penetamato (PNT) or a pharmaceutically equivalent formulation; about and compositions comprising at least one oily vehicle. .The 16


Since appearance of the buffalo (Bison bison bison (L) ), vegetation of the Great Plains has been subjected to various degrees of utilization. It is probably safe to assume that at least moderate use was common, and that grazing was most intense during dry cycles or when population of the buffalo was greatest. As the pioneer white man occupied the plains region, the number of livestock gradually increased. Also, during this period vast amounts of prairie sod were plowed up for growing wheat and other crops, thereby reducing the area left in native vegetation. Little attention was given to intensity of grazing until the great drought of the 1930's when production of native vegetation suffered an alarming reduction. During this disastrous period, the most mesophytic plants survived only in favored locations, and even the most xerophytic species were greatly reduced in both abundance and frequency under heavy use by livestock. Also, the yield of native vegetation which at one time probably averaged from 2,000 to 3,000 pounds per acre, was suddenly reduced to little more than 100 pounds (Weaver and Albertson 1944). This tragic experience caused federal and state agencies, as well as individuals, to give serious thought to the ecology and economics of overuse on grasslands. The college pasture, an area of 830 acres of mixed prairie (Albertson 1937), was selected for study to determine effects of various intensities of clipping upon the most important grasses. The investigation was conducted on a portion of the pasture dominated by short grasses since this is the most common type of prairie vegetation of the Great Plains.


about a year ago by an American cardiologist about his personal experience with coronary angioplasty [1]. There were, however, differences which might be worthy of reiteration. The American doctor, though overweight, hypercholesterolaemic and fond of prime ribs, roast beef and hot fudge sundae, was completely asymptomatic at the time of his coronary arteriography and subsequent angioplasty. The British physician, not particularly overweight, with a normal cholesterol and careful


The Pennsylvania Nanofabrication Manufacturing Technology (NMT) Partnership was formed in 1998 to create and nurture a skilled nanofabrication workforce in the State of Pennsylvania. The approach laid out emphasizes developing a strong nanotechnology workforce education effort that both opens the door to more high-tech jobs for Pennsylvanians and also strengthens PA industry. The partners in this endeavor are 29 Pennsylvania colleges and universities, Penn State University, industry, the State of Pennsylvania, and the National Science Foundation. The activities the partnership has developed in its approach include three-day Nanotech Camps for secondary school students, three-day Nanotechnology Workshops for secondary school teachers, Nanotechnology Utilization Workshops tailored for industry, Nanotechnology Associate (2-year) Degree programs, Baccalaureate Degree programs with concentrations in Nanotechnology, and Nanotechnology Experiment Kits to bring nanotechnology into existing chemistry, physics, and biology courses.


Attosecond metrology can directly measure attosecond emission time of photoexcited electrons from matter, providing unprecedented understanding of transition processes of electrons from bound to continuum states. However, some fundamental details of the electron dynamics in the entire emission process upon photoexcitation still remain debatable or unknown. The photoemission time delays deduced from attosecond streaking spectroscopy originate from photoelectron propagation in the coupled Coulomb-laser fields, encoding the spatial and spectral information of electrons upon photoexcitation. Here we demonstrate that attosecond photoemission delays can be used to image picometer-resolved photoemission position via a classical model. The electronic dynamics in the laser-assisted single-photon ionization process is fully captured by a quantum path-integral model. We trace the imaged photoemission position to the average position of spatially coherent superposition of electron waves upon photoexcitation and, in particular, predict emission position coinciding with the orbital radius of the ground state of hydrogen-like atoms, in contrast with previous predictions.


SUMMARY AIM: Erectile dysfunction affects more than a third of the adult male and female population worldwide. Although a large number of patients with erectile dysfunction use modern pharmaceutical agents for treatment, a vast majority still preferably use herbal preparations like Ekebergia capensis stem extract. This study therefore, was designed to evaluate the aphrodisiac potential of 70% ethanolic extract of Ekebergia capensis in male albino rats, as a candidate for treatment of erectile dysfunction in human beings. METHODS: In June 2012, ethanolic stem extract of the plant Ekerbegia capensis was screened for phytochemical constituents. Fifteen male albino rats were orally dosed with the extract at dose rates of 300 mg/kg (5 rats), 400 mg/kg (5 rats) and 500 mg/kg (5 rats) body weight consecutively. Five male albino rats were administered with sildenafil citrate (5mg/kg) orally as positive controls and 5 male albino rats received distilled water (1ml) orally as negative controls. The mounting and intromission frequency were evaluated at days1, 3 and 5 and serum testosterone concentration determined on day 6. RESULTS: Phytochemical screening revealed strong presence of saponins and steroid glycosides. Alkaloids, tannins, carotenoids, anthraquinones, flavanoids and anthracyanosides were weakly present in the extract. All the extract doses caused significant (p<0.05) increase in mounting frequency. The testosterone level increased to 2.380±0.02 ng/ml, 7.680±0.660 ng/ml and 14.5±0.777 ng/ml at a dose rate of 300 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively while 0.51±0.27 ng/ml and 5.095±0.40 ng/ml were obtained for negative and positive control animals respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The ethanolic extract of Ekebergia capensis stem bark has an aphrodisiac activity comparable to sildenafil citrate. The 70% ethanol extract of Ekebergia capensis may be used to alleviate sexual dysfunction in humans and animals.


We derive the minimum requirements for super‐radiant gamma‐ray emission by applying the semiclassical theory of coherent spontaneous emission to the case of nuclear transitions in a crystal host. We find that, if a pure sample of a storage isomer can be rapidly transferred into an inverted population for a recoilless transition, less than 1013 nuclei should suffice for an experimental demonstration of nuclear super‐radiance.


The iconic images heralding an age of connectivity are the plane and the trace of digital flows bearing information. However, not far behind has been the cumbrous yet essential 'big box' of containerization, shipping all manner of goods across the planet on great vessels remorselessly circling the globe. Critiques of global trade have latched upon the counterimage of these mighty ships' ruinous carcasses beached and being broken in South Asia. Here then is the antipode of globalization—ships, once carrying cargoes, now themselves sold around the globe for scrap and ending up broken up according to the very logics of cheap locations that their routes made possible. This paper interrogates these counterimages of global capitalism. Looking at the works of various photographers it examines how waste ships are made to work aesthetically. It examines the photo-documentary and traditions of the industrial sublime to find 'time-images' that speak to the material and labour worlds of global capital.


Current sugarcane mill wastewater management system in Hawaii was surveyed at Oahu Sugar Co. on the island of Oahu. Problems generated from the improper wastewater management such as odor nuisance, field silting, crop reduction and large land requirement, motivate a new management system for Hawaiian sugar industry. Based on the results of preliminary laboratory treatment on sugarcane wastewater, and the cost analysis for different alternatives, an appropriate wastewater management system for Hawaiian sugar industry is recommended. This system incorporates sedimentation, anaerobic pretreatment(UASB), and aerobic polishing(EAFB) for anaerobically treated effluent. It efficiently(≥99%) removes the organics and solids in wastewater within 2 days of hydraulic retention time provided. Therefore, the problems generated from the present treatment facility can be eliminated by implementing the proposed management system. More importantly, reuse of the properly treated wastewater for drip irrigation and cane washing will provide extra profit for the Hawaiian sugar industry.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa ID 4365 has produced two phenazine antibiotics including phenazine-1-carboxylate (PCA), characterized by TLC, HPLC, spectrometry and melting point analysis. Purified antibiotic showed inhibitory activity against Aspergillus niger NCIM 1025, Fusarium oxysporum NCIM 1008, Sclerotium rolfsii NCIM 1084, Colletotricum falcatum and several other phytopathogens. MIC of PCA for S. rolfsii NCIM 1084 was found to be 29 mg/l.


This paper studies the presence and reproduction of the 'prohibitionist' paradigm in the Chilean state's drug policy by studying its drug abuse prevention campaigns. By means of a content analysis of the television spots broadcast between 2004 and 2014, the discursive and ideological elements present in these campaigns were examined. First and foremost, the results show that, despite institutional change and the creation of bodies such as the National Service for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Drug and Alcohol Use (SENDA) and the National Council for Narcotics Control (CONACE), the state's discourse has remained focused on the prohibitionist paradigm, resorting to highly stereotyped emotional messages. Secondly, drug consumption has been stigmatised and framed in profoundly dramatic contexts in which users belong to the criminal underworld or have physical and/or cognitive impairments. Thirdly, notwithstanding the fact that there are certain differences between the communication approaches employed by the SENDA and the CONACE, the discourses of both institutions are very uniform and reductionist. In order to design more efficient media campaigns, target audiences should be encouraged to analyse and ponder reflectively on the issue by conveying rational messages that contrast facts and data and offer a positive vision stressing the benefits of a healthy lifestyle.


Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles from 2 nm to 15 nm were synthesized using a solvothermal procedure. In this non‐aqueous method, acetophenone was used as solvent and the particle size was controlled by changing the reaction temperature from 120 °C to 180 ºC. Nanoparticles show good crystallinity and uniformity above 140 °C, as determined by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic measurements indicate superparamagnetic behaviour. Zero‐field‐cooling (ZFC) dc‐magnetisation experiments at 100 Oe show blocking temperatures ranging from 215 K to more than 305 K. Saturation magnetisation increases with particle size and a small decrease is observed when increasing the temperature. The magnetocaloric effect shown by these cobalt ferrite nanoparticles is reasonably high for nanomaterials. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A brief highlight of the structural features of self-healing polymers and of polymers healing under thermal, mechanical and chemical treatments is presented. A new healing mechanism is proposed for composite networks, based on the dissipation of constraints that hinder free fluctuation of network junctions. The model is supported by published experimental data for the stress–strain behavior of composite networks and by current elaborations of the molecular theory of network elasticity. The elimination of defects and steric constraints among the chains is regarded as a structural self-healing process also occurring in the case of reversible, self-assembling networks.


We present the measurement of Single Beam-Spin Azimuthal Asymmetries in pion electroproduction off hydrogen in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS). The measurement was made using the HERMES spectrometer with an internal gas target and the polarized 27.6 GeV electron(positron) beam of HERA using the data taken during the years 1996-2000. The $\sin\phi$ modulation of the azimuthal asymmetry was measured for semi-inclusive $\pi^+,\pi^-$ and $\pi^0$. The dependence of the asymmetry on the Bjorken $x$, pion relative ($z$) and transverse ($P_T$) momentum is presented. Results are compared to theoretical model calculation.


As a result of slope cutting for plant building at the foot of the mountain leading to disturbance,landslide is formed at the exit of Yuquangou Tunnel,and then cracks occurs in large area of the tunnel lining,endangering the railway operation.With Janbu Method and Monte-Carlo stochastic simulation based on the principle of ultimate equilibrium analysis,the reliability method in relation to slope stability analysis is established.Taking Yuquangou Landslide as an example,this method is used to carry out comprehensive analysis on the stability of the original,disease and treated slope.The results show that the traditional safety factor method is hard to reflect the actual situation of the landslide in instable,failure or developing stages;however,the analysis result by the reliability method is closer to the actual situation,that is,the disease slope is dangerous,but the treated slope is stable and safe,which could be the reference to similar engineering.


Fistula-in-ano can be complicated by malignant degeneration. A case of basal cell carcinoma identified in the curettage specimen of a fistulotomy is reported. The clinicopathologic features of cases reported in the literature are reviewed.


Flavonoids was extracted from jackfruit peel with the use of ethanol,and the effect of factors on the yield of jackfruit peel flavone was investigated,including liquid ratio,ethanol concentration,extraction time and extraction temperature.The response surface experiment design and multiple quadratic regression analysis were ordered to optimize the extraction technology.The results showed that the optimum conditions was as follows: 76% ethanol concentration,solid- liquid ratio and( g / m L),extraction temperature 68 ℃,extracting time 2 h.Flavonoids extraction quantity iof 23.512 mg / g was obtained from verified experiment,and the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of flavonoids was equal with vitamin C. Nevertheless,the influence order was: extraction temperature > solid- liquid ratio > ethanol concentration > extraction time.Therefore,relatively high flavonoids yield was achieved from jackfruit peel,and the flavonoids had a favourable antioxidant capacity.


We demonstrate that indolactam V, a non‐phorbol protein kinase C activator, promotes U937 cell attachment to fibronectin, type IV collagen and laminin. In the absence of indolactam V, 2–4% of U937 cells attach to all test substrates, however, in the presence of 100 nM indolactam V, 25, 16 and 11% of U937 cells attach to fibronectin, type IV collagen and laminin, respectively. When added concomitantly, 90 μM H‐7, a protein kinase C inhibitor, reduces indolactam V‐induced U937 cell adhesion to fibronectin by 91%. Monoclonal antibodies directed against both the β1 and α5 integrin subunits inhibit indolactam V‐induced U937 cell adhesion to fibronectin by 62 and 52%, respectively. Indolactam V also promotes homotypic aggregation in U937 cells, which is blocked with either anti‐ICAM or anti‐LFA‐1 antibodies. In addition, indolactam V promotes U937 cell secretion of a 92 kDa gelatinase as demonstrated by zymography. In the presence of low levels of morphine (10 nM–1.0 μM), the U937 cell attachment to matrix proteins was not significantly affected. However, in the presence of 10 μM morphine, the indolactam V treated cells exhibit a 71–74% reduction in cell adhesion to the matrix proteins. Further, 10 μM morphine also blocks indolactam V‐induced homotypic aggregation and gelatinase secretion. The inhibitory effect of morphine on cell‐matrix adhesion and gelatinase secretion was not inhibited by the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (1 μM). While 10 μM naloxone did partially counteract the effect of 10 μM morphine on U937 cell attachment, this effect was likely non‐specific since 10 μM naloxone alone increased cell adhesion. Supporting this conclusion, PCR analysis revealed that U937 cells do not express the μ high affinity morphine receptor. Also, indolactam V did not induce μ receptor expression, suggesting that morphine acts on U937 cells in a non‐specific fashion. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


According to the requirements of cost-benefit analysis,and based on the existing approach of addition of various expense direct from the receptor items,approachs of preventive expenditure and treatment expenditure are presented to evaluate the economic losses of environmental impacts of wastewater irrigation.Based on the investigation and research in Shijiazhuang,the losses of wastewater irrigation are estimated.The results show that the economic losses from the wastewater irrigation amount to about 57% of agricultural crops,and the losses from the pollution effects on the public health amount to about 62% of the total losses.


Enlightenment? The final chapter takes on what Davies calls a ''poetics of inquiry,'' or, a certain attitudinal (taidu)/ dispositional (xintai) sensibility that is ''interwoven with a traditional penchant for self-cultivation'' (p. 192). Why this poetics, rather than any other, seems altogether arbitrary. She concludes: ''What is ... clear is that for all its internecine disagreements, contemporary Chinese critical inquiry as a whole shares a general investment in a notion of translinguistic emotional mediacy that it holds sufficiently stable to serve as a mode of emotional epistemology in tandem with cognitive rationalism'' (p. 240). Nothing of the sort is clear at all, at least not to this reader. To be sure, the intensity of the arguments over the relationship between theory and China are impressive, and Davies's book does a good job of conveying the passions over the issue. Many of her individual discussions of Wang Hui, Wang Yuanhua, Chen Pingyuan, Zhu Xueqin and others are genuinely insightful, and helpful in disentangling what can otherwise seem to be relatively arcane and parochial concerns. And yet, the exclusive linguistic-culturally-derived totalization into which Davies stuffs the debates remains unsatisfying. It exceptionalizes China in precisely the insular ways for which Davies critiques Sinophone writers. Why are political/ ideological differences within Chinese intellectual writing and between certain intellectuals (Chinese or not) be ascribed to linguistic and cultural factors? Is it really a matter of Anglophone self-reflexivity vs. Sinophone preoccupation with positivism, inflected by inferiority and ''self-cultivation'' (pp. 159, 192)? The seeming arbitrariness of Davies's examples makes it impossible to confirm or disconfirm her systematizing move. Indeed, it just makes one sceptical of this kind of approach and wish that Davies's formidable skills had been more fruitfully directed.


The effect of level of nitrogen application upon the dynamics of herbage growth in a continuously grazed sward of tall fescue was investigated during two successive years. In order to obtain a large range of sward structural conditions, the experiments were carried out with two contrasting cultivars: cv. Clarine and cv. Barcel, and, in Year 2, with two different sward heights or leaf area indices (LAIs). During each of five experimental periods (2-3 weeks), swards received either optimum (N2) or deficient (N1) N applications, were maintained at their target LAI, and leaf growth was measured on labelled tillers. With continuously defoliated tillers, N-shortage had only a small effect on the leaf elongation rate compared with tillers protected by cages. The leaf production per tiller was only slightly reduced by N shortage, and it was mainly by the means of a reduction in tiller density that the N deficiency resulted in reduced herbage growth per hectare. These results indicate that, in continuously grazed swards, in contrast with results previously found in intermittently defoliated swards, leaf elongation is not the only important component of difference in herbage growth and that the promotion of tillering rate is an additional pathway for N response in such management regimes.


Administration of D-galactosamine (GalNH2) is known to produce alterations in plasma glycoprotein levels, including a1-antitrypsin. The authors have stud- ied the effects of Ga1NH2 on circulating protein-bound carbohydrates and on the plasma concentrations of two a1-antiproteases, transferrin, IgG, and albumin in rats. The a1-antiproteases from GalNH2-treated rats were isolated and their molecular weight, isoelectric point, and carbohydrate composition compared with those of control rat oal-antiproteases. Total plasma protein, albumin, and transferrin levels in the Ga1NH2- treated rats do not differ significantly from those of control rats. Plasma protein-bound carbohydrate is de- creased significantly in the experimental animals, compared with controls: sialic acid decreased 60%, ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN deficiency in man is associated with chronic pulmonary disease and juvenile hepatic cirrhosis. 1-3 The serum of affected individuals contains 20 - 50% ofthe antiprotease found in normal individuals. Their hepatocytes frequently contain inclusion bodies, which stain for glycoprotein with peri-odic acid - Schiff (PAS) reagent and which react with antiserum against normal serum a,-antitrypsin.4-6


I. On Herpes, specially with Reference to its Connexion with Affections of the Nervous System. (Die Giirtelkrankheit. Y011 Prof. Dr. Yon Barensprtjng. Annalen der Charite-Kraukenhauses zur Berlin, Band ix. Hefte 2, p. 40.) The anthor gires in detail no less than 56 cases, which he has chiefly observed himself, dividing them into the following classes :?(a) Zoster facialis, including (herpes) labialis; (b) z. occipito collaris ; (c) z. cervico-subclavicularis ; (d) z. cervico-brachialis; (e) z. dorso-pectoralis; (f) z. dorso-abdominalis; {(/) z. lumbo-inguinalis; (h) z. lumbo-femoralis; (i) z. sacro-ischiadiaco and sacrogenitalis. He enlarges (with much research) upon the history of this affection, showing that it was clearly known to Celsus and Pliny ; and, after discriminating between this affection and the various dyscracic and virulent eruptive diseases, establishing its dependence upon disordered function of interior organs, he goes on to consider its topography, symptoms, aetiology, and treatment.


We analysis the trends of prices of some reused materials in the main markets in China. The prices of reused materials change with a trend to return to its mean value strongly, as prices of reused materials affected by the prices of original materials and most reused materials are wildly used, and changes in demand are quickly met by changes of the production. The result can help the design of policies.