he purpose of this research is to carry out the foundation and bottom barrier desi
gn
for the Portoviejo canton sanitary landfill, to guarantee the stability of the solid waste
deposit and to prevent the migration and contamination of the soil of the place where this
infrastructure is to be located. The calculation process was based on g
eotechnical
information of the site, design standards and experiences of other similar investigations.
USEPA design recommendations were also used to define the environmental
requirements of the waterproofing layer. The design of the foundation found that
for the
characteristics of the soil of the site, the load, height of service or number of platforms
should not exceed 13m, without the need to consider a constructive technique to
strengthen the foundation. The calculation process is presented with load an
alysis for 2m
of operation: area and trench. In addition, the safety factors for the geomembrane tension
in the impermeable layer were calculated under static loads, obtaining that the tensions
depend on the angle of inclination and the load of residues on
the slopes


Attention must also be drawn to Aspinall's conclusion that "the affected part must be elevated a~d k~pt at rest at a~ times, not intermittently". LIght IS thrown on this aspect of the subject by a paper entitled "Mechanical Principles in the Causation and Treatment of Disease", from the pen of Fay Maclure, of Melbourne, which appeared in the July, 1939, issue of The Australiarn and New Zealand Jowrnal of Swrgery. This is a stimulating contribution. Maclure points out that life connotes activity and movement and is dependent for its maintenance upon an efficient circulation. Stasis, on the other band, he holds, signifies a state which is almost the opposite of life and living-a mere existence, stagnation, inertia, inactivity, atony-and is the result of impeded or failing circulation. He devotes particular attention to the veins and lymphatics and to their valves; he also discusses muscular movements and gravity as they influence the circulation. In regard to infections of the hands he writes:


This paper discusses the findings of the study on, role of Social Movements in Conflict Transformation with special reference to Bodoland Movement, conducted at Bodoland Territorial Area Districts, Assam. It highlights the results of the study such as-how Social Movements can act as a medium of Conflict Transformation, background of the Bodoland Movement, whether Bodoland Movement as a Social Movement has brought change at personal, relational, cultural and structural levels, how movement is achieving Conflict Transformation, how movement is achieving and losing its support base etc. The study too shows the dissatisfaction of the movement and failure of the successive governments to resolve the long standing Bodo issues. Therefore, there is need to understand the immediate situation, the pattern of relationship that exists among various institutions and the historical evolution of the Bodoland Movement. After that the civil activists, organizations and leaders of the movement along with the government need to work together to come out of the conundrum situation which is prevalent at this point of time. Along with that, contested issues need to be transformed through fruitful negotiation leading to conflict transformation in the region and to achieve greater social interests. Besides, the recent trend of transformation i.e. violent revolutionary means to non-violent peaceful methods in the movement needs to be fastened to get maximum support.


Customer experience is the contact between customer and its organization which is initiated to create a positive and long lasting relationship ,this interaction enables the company to understand its customers ,their preferences, mind set in a better and most effective way ,it's being evaluated at different stages during the process of interaction and it helps in serving the customers in the best way and also helps in enhancing the image ,goodwill of the company . Technology is used as an important tool in studying this behaviour and motivates the company in serving the customized product and services . This study helps in determining the satisfaction level of the customers ,how innovatively marketer encompasses the marketing strategies and mixes ,how fast it reaches to the customers and ultimately it results in the customer satisfaction. It's an indicator of customer's repurchase intentions. The study determines a customer's loyalty towards the company and his/her expectations from the company. This study is being conducted at PAN kids store at Hyderabad, India for the time period of 3 months and primary data was being collected and evaluated in analyzing the customer experience.


The invention relates to a high initial strength filling mining method. The method includes the following steps: crushing municipal garbage, mixing the garbage with a proportional curing agent and pressing the garbage into a filling material; transporting the prepared sealed filling material from the ground to the bottom of the well, and then shipping the filling material to a working face; after coal cutting, support advancing and pushing on the working face, sending the filling material from a gate top by using a mining flatbed truck, sending the filling material into a flexible rail behind a support through a rotating switch of an upper end, unloading the filling material to a goaf area, stacking regularly, and filling the remaining gap with a rapid hardening cement paste material to ensure complete roof contact; and after mining, sealing the goaf area again through boundary coal pillars and stop line coal pillars to ensure zero gas and liquid exchange between the filled area and the unfilled area. The method of the invention solves the problems of municipal garbage disposal and the sources for mining coal filling material, and the filling material has high initial strength and can effectively control the surface subsidence.


Tables of numerical values of all necessary functions and instructions on their use in the stress analysis of circular plates which have a linear thickness-radius relationship, and which are loaded axisymmetrically, are presented. The analysis is based on the classical smalldeflection theory. Emphasis is placed on plates whose thickness at the inner radius is greater than the thickness at the outer radius. However, a limited number of plates for which the opposite is true may also be analyzed by the procedure presented. The limitations on the dimensions of the latter type of plate are explained. (auth)


Experiences with ion implantation into E/VAC (ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer) or EVA, copolymer for biological-chemical applications suggested the use of this polymer as a promising material for "bipolar like" transistor architecture. Recently in the literature various devices were proposed, using conducting or semiconducting polymer materials for FET or Permeable Base Transistor Polymer Grid Transistor, PGT. Using a 90 KeV energy Ar + beam, we bombarded an EVA film on both faces and used this film in a cell potential of an ion selective electrode. The results show a sharp increase in ion selectivity [K + ] almost reaching the theoretical value. Additional ion implantation experiences and subsequent electrical characterization envisaged that this polymer could have a potential semiconducting behavior like some others polymers mentioned in the literature. This potential material behavior, motivated us to design some new transistor structures. Planar architecture of such device are suggested and open a new field of research and development in this area.


This paper analyzes the causes of trust crisis from the perspective of economic ethics.The main cause is the product of the change in system. It includes three contents.The first is imbalance in benefits resulting from the change in system.The second is the flaws in system trust.The third is the traditional fault.And then this paper points out two pieces of suggestion to solve trust crisis including the construction of system trust from the view of game theory and the renaissance of traditional culture.


The mechanical properties of parts made by fused filament fabrication is highly anisotropic, with the strength across layers (z-axis) typically measuring ~50% lower than the strength along the direction of the extruded material (x-axis). A z-pinning method has been developed in which material is extruded in the z-direction to fill intentionally aligned voids in the x-y print pattern. In previous studies that involved a sparse rectilinear grid cross-section (35% infill), the z-pinning approach demonstrated more than a 3.5x increase in strength in the z-direction. The current study expanded these efforts to evaluate the use of z-pins in a printed sample with a solid cross-section. Although a solid cross-section is more common in structural components, it is much less forgiving of instabilities that may occur in the z-pinning approach (such as over-filling). Even though this study utilized a low pin volume (~43% fill factor), the pinning approach demonstrated a 40% increase in z-direction strength for solid samples that had similar printing times.


Tor is an important tool for anonymous communication. However, due to its popularity, Tor is also concerned by censors or other malicious attackers. A large body of existing work examines Tor's susceptibility to flow correlation attacks, which are a form of deanonymization attack. Currently, a variety of traffic obfuscation plugs are deployed on Tor to defeat flow correlation attacks. However, whether plug-based defense can effectively resist those attacks has not been tested and verified. This paper focuses on how to effectively defeat the threat of flow correlation attacks on Tor. We first conduct experiments to illustrate the actual defense effect of obfuscation plugs against flow correlation attacks, and the results show their effectiveness. However, the obfuscation-based defense also faces many other problems such as censorship. So we explore the techniques used in differential privacy ($FPA_{k}$ and $d^{\ast}$-private) to apply a tiny perturbation on Tor traffic. Our findings on differential privacy suggest that the perturbations generated by the two mechanisms can successfully flaw the existing flow correlation attacks on Tor.


(Received for publication, May 31, 1951) The dye for the excretory function test of the liver has been investi gated by many authors and its functional capacity had been tested clinically by excretion of the dye into the feces, bile, urine and retention in the blood stream. However, the first two methods are unsuitable for clinical purposes. As Nakagawa1) reported, the dye which is eliminated only in the bile and not in the urine is most advisable for testing by the retentionn in the blood stream, while, for testing by the urine, it is preferable that the greater part of the dye appears in the bile and only a small proportion in the urine in normal condition, and that an increased output and, a pro longed. duration of the excretion in the urine are noticed when a disturb ance of the eliminating function occurs. Bromsulphalein, rose bengal and congo red etc. are now selected as the dye as belonging to the former, and only azorubin S to the latter. In this paper we want to report bromphenolblue can be applied to the testing by the urine as azorubin S.


Preface. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1 The Billion-Dollar Question. The Evolution of the Silo Rewired. What s Ahead? Chapter Highlights. Chapter 2 Value Is in the Eye of the Beholder. Driving Trends in Intellectual Asset Valuation Why it Matters to You. When and How Intellectual Assets are Valued. Increasing the Return on Investment of Your Next Project. Want Your Brand Listed as a Top 100 Brand? Chapter Highlights. Chapter 3 Designing in IP. The Creative Process. Product Packaging and Product Design. Name and Logo Design. Campaign and Connection to the Consumer. Culture. Chapter Highlights. Chapter 4 The Influencers. Consumer-Based Insights. Content as Marketing. Cost of Litigation, Risk, and Uncertainty. The Dilution Dilemma. Limited Budgets. Chapter Highlights. Chapter 5 The Black Box. A Fictional Case Study Emerson Jones. Research and Development. Marketing and Advertising Campaign. Public Relations and Investor Relations. Avoiding Costly Lawsuits. Return on Investment. Chapter Highlights. Chapter 6 Integrating a Brand Rewired Process. The Environment and Incentives. The Innovation Process. Implementation. A Do-Over for Emerson Jones. The Leadership. Chapter Highlights. Chapter 7 The Brand Maestro. The Brand Maestro Job Description. The Intellectual Asset Strategy. How to Get Started in Your Organization. Chapter Highlights. Chapter 8 The Thought Leaders. General Mills. Procter & Gamble. Kraft Foods. Kimberly-Clark. Kodak. Harley-Davidson. Yahoo! Intel. Scripps Networks Interactive. Libby Persyk Kathman (LPK). Northlich (Brand Engagement Agency). Interbrand (Branding Consultancy). The Entrepreneurial Journey. Epilogue Brand Capitol and Brand Maestro. Did You Know? Appendix A Discussion Questions. Appendix B About the People Interviewed in This Book. Appendix C Mutual Nondisclosure Agreement. Appendix D Sample Questionnaire for Planning Sessions. Appendix E Team Meeting Agenda. Appendix F Sample Intellectual Asset Strategy Document. Appendix G List of Trademarks. References. About the Authors. Index.


Dairy sector is a special one in the EU, one of the last remained sensitive sectors. It has faced with dramatic changes in both Hungary and Latvia starting with the transition and followed by the EU accession. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the dairy sector and an analysis based on structural, conduct and performance indicators. With the help of Structure-Conduct Performance, the main determining factors of dairy sectors can be identified and summarised in the frame of SWOT analysis.


The purpose of this study was to find out how teachers use questions in classroom discourse to scaffold student thinking and help students construct scientific knowledge. The study was conducted in large-class settings where the medium of instruction was English although the students were non-native speakers of the language. Six teachers teaching grade 7 science classes from four schools participated in the study. Thirty-six lessons covering a range of topics were observed across a variety of lesson structures such as expository teaching, whole-class discussions, and laboratory work. The lessons were audiotaped and videotaped. Verbal transcripts of classroom discourse were analyzed interpretively. Particular attention was paid to questioning exchanges that stimulated productive thinking in students, as manifested by their verbal responses. A framework was developed that included four questioning approaches adopted by the teachers. This included Socratic questioning, verbal jigsaw, semantic tapestry, and framing. This paper describes these various questioning approaches, their features, and the conditions under which they were used. It also discusses the implications of these approaches for instructional practice. The findings from this study have potential in translating research insights into practical advice for teachers regarding tactical moves in classroom discourse, and provide guidelines for teachers to increase their repertoire of questioning skills. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 815–843, 2007


Most research on object-oriented(OO) paradigms has been focused on analysis, design, and programming fundamentals. Testing the systems that are created with these paradigms has been considered an afterthought. Traditional testing techniques must be evaluated to determine if they are still useful with respect to object-oriented systems, and new techniques must be developed.This paper is a survey of research in testing object-oriented systems. It discusses the challenges to testing an OO system, the different levels of verification, and various testing techniques.


Professor Li Jinquan has probed into the relationship between the history of philosophy and history of thought for over twenty years from the perspective of methodology.He expounds these principles through his study on the history of philosophy and history of thought.The core of his methodology is to correctly understand the key connotations of philosophical history and history of thought so as to reconstruct their relationship,and further widen the space for research on the history of thought.It is still of great inspiration for the study of history of philosophy and history of thought.


Freshman Interest Groups (FIGS) have become a popular model for academic and student affairs colleagues who are concerned that first-year students learn to reflect on life experiences and daily events as part of the learning process. A well-designed FIG model meets the academic, social and career concerns for first-year students by providing an immediate and inclusive support system in a campus living-and-learning environment. In addition, a well-designed FIG model includes a coordinated syllabus of classroom assignments, small group projects, and residence hall activities that foster an integrative experience in each of the linked courses in the FIG. The focus is holistic, to weave together a seamless array of shared classes in specific disciplinary subjects, residential programs and collaborative student group projects. "Freshman Interest Groups: Designing A Model for Student Success" Gerald Lee Ratliff SUNY Potsdam In designing a freshman Interest Group (FIG) model to enhance the potential success of first year students, it is important that we as faculty serve as facilitators who elicit student responses, promote reflective learning principles and encourage collaborative problem solving. An essential ingredient in an interactive FIG is that it feature cooperative teaching and learning techniques as well as small group process learning activities. The focus is holistic, weaving together faculty academic knowledge and first year student personal or practical experience to enrich a "group learning" dynamic. The FIG model itself—for both faculty and students—should be a seamless instructional experience of shared classes in specific disciplinary subjects, collaborative group study, individualized faculty and peer mentoring, experiential options and an opportunity to engage in personal development activities that are more likely to enrich a student's academic and personal success.


Since the initial appearance of Bitcoin, a wide variety of blockchain projects have been proposed. With an increased demand for exchanging cryptocurrencies between blockchains, it has become important for blockchains to achieve crosschain interoperability, which is the property of storing and fetching information from each other on multiple blockchains. However, public blockchains have a scalability problem of an extremely slow transaction processing capacity. Based on this background, we have considered solving the scalability problem by enhancing the crosschain interoperability. In this paper, we propose a chainless multi-layer consensus, which is a more decentralized method compared to existing blockchain projects when taking into consideration the interoperability, including Polkadot and Cosmos. We conducted some experiments using our implemented node program to evaluate the latency times required to achieve a consensus. As a result of the experiments using a large-scale network constructed with more than 100 parachains, we confirmed that the latency times tend to increase superlinearly when the number of parachains increases to parallel transaction processing. By applying this result, we can estimate the blockchain settings for safely executing a chainless multi-layer consensus while achieving a practical transaction processing capacity.


In a previously published article (strade e traffico, November 1972) the author described a procedure for calculating delays at intersections resulting from the application of priority signals for buses on reserved lanes. The present article describes a computer simulation for evaluating delays at an intersection having single cycle two phase signals with priority command on one phase only. The results obtained are tabulated, and their application to the calculation of parameters relevant to priority signals, is explained. /TRRL/


The parent compound chosen for the investigation described in this paper was 2 3-dihydro-3-ketobenzo-1: 4-thiazine (I), as it contains in its molecule certain features present in substances which possess anthelmintic properties, e.g. phenothiazine (II). It also contains a -CHCO- unit, which is a characteristic feature in filicic acid (III), the most important of the organic acids present in the anthelmintic Filix mas. On account of these similarities, it was reasonable to assume that 2: 3-dihydro-3-ketobenzo-l : 4-thiazine might show some anthelmintic activity, and consequently this compound and a number of its derivatives with substituents in the 6- and 6 : 7-positions were tested against liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) in vitro, so that the influence of the various groups on anthelmintic activity could be compared.


Work-related injuries among veterinarians are a major problem, but little is known of the specific risk factors involved. The purpose of this nested case-control study, conducted from a comprehensive population-based study of practicing Minnesota veterinarians, was to identify risk factors for job-related injuries. We questioned cases (N = 193) on exposures occurring in the month before their injury, and we questioned controls (N = 495) on exposures occurring in a randomly selected month. We used logistic regression to model the dependence of veterinary work-related injury on each exposure of interest and associated confounders. We observed increased rates for prior injuries (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1–2.6), participation in sports (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.05–2.6), no sharps boxes present (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.01–3.2), current smoking (RR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.8–9.1), and 6 or fewer hours of sleep (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0–3.3). We identified a dose response for lifting patients, as follows: lifting 41–75 lb (RR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.6–5.9), lifting 76–100 lb (RR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.6–5.9), and lifting more than 100 lb (RR = 6.1, 95% CI = 2.5–15.0). Decreased rates were observed for participation in aerobic activities (RR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.99), perception of lower risk (RR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2–0.9), and experience (RR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.9).


This paper provides an outline of a study of the development (production, modelling) of new strategies for an integrated process for the design of public space. The context of the study is a pilot experience of participative laboratories for the design of public spaces. The participative laboratories involved experts and lay citizens in multi -cultural and multi-disciplinary discussion throughout the design process, and opened the dialogue from technical considerations to social issues. The intention of these pilot laboratory experiences was to evaluate the capability of a local project's dynamic to enhance the social and urban development. This paper initially focuses on the reorganisation of the design process, which was intended to serve as a catalyst to allow a richer approach to the project. The paper then considers the impact of this laboratory approach on the development of a wider negotiation regarding the possible choices of project, enlarging the overview of the local technical and social specifics, the multiplicity of expectations, the urban issues and the social and political mechanisms. A particular objective of the study was to analyse the various uses' and users' conflicts of meani ng related to time, space and actors, through the experience of participative laboratories. The purpose was to evaluate whether redefinition of both the design process and the decision-making achieved the objective of elevating social meaning to a primary role in the development of public space. 2. The experience This paper studies methods used by the research-team 'Habitat and Development' of the Catholic University of Louvain (Belgium) in five projects realised in France, in the context of the 'Formation– Action–Recherche sur la coproduction et gestion des espaces publics' (Education–Research–Action for the co-production and management of public space), with the support of the State and of the Region Nord – Pas de Calais. These projects have been developed in the context of the priorities of the Politique de la Ville, a strategic plan developed in France for the urban and social development of the town, since the end of the '70s, applied in the social and urban activity at the local scale, for the development of projects of public space. [Anderson and Vieillard-Baron, 2000]. The participative laboratory method was used in projects in the French Region of Nord – Pas de Calais, at: Avion, Bruay-la-Buissiere, Communaute de Communes du Val de Sambre, Haubourdin Centre, Haubourdin Petit Belgique, Saint Pol sur Mer, and Tourcoing. Another was Saint-Josse-tenNoode in Belgium.


Umezono, Sakura-mura, Niihari-gun, Ibaragi 305, Japan Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), the first "struct,ure-sensitive" amorphous semiconductor, has attracted an increasing attention as a promising material not only for low-cost solar celll) but also for TFr2) and imaging devices3). In general, however, amorphous solid is thermodynamj-cally in a nonequilibrium state, therefore, its structure takes a wide variety depending on preparation condition as well as post thermal treatment. This causes much difficulty for characterizing amorphous semicond.uctors in comparison with crystalline counterparts. For a-Si:H, in particular, optical 9ap Eo, photoconductivity Aoand dark conductivity od vary in a wid.e range depending on how much quantity p and. in what manner hydrogen is incorporated in its disordered network, which is the origin of so-called "laboratory dependence" of a-Si:H properties. We prepared a-Si:H and a-Si:F:H (doped and non-doped) by two essentially different methodsi one is glow-discharge decomposition(GD) of SiH, or SiFn, and the other reactive sputtering (SP) of crystalline Si in Ar-H, mixtures4)-6). In order to avoid the above confusion, deposition parameters such as substrate temperature, RF power, gas pressure and starting gas materials were scanned in a systematic way. All the prepared samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction, EPMA, ir transmission and ESR measurements, from which we determined the contents of bonded H, Ar, doped element(P) and spin density. od, Aon and Eo were also measured in parallel and discussed in relation with structural properties. The main results we have obtained so far are summarized as follows. As a general tendency, high RF power deposition results in crystallization of deposited films independently of whether they are Si:H or Si:F:H. This tendency is enhanced in doped specimens. A11 the highly P-doped Si:F:H are microcrystalline while doped Si:H remains amorphous. It is partly because higher RE power is required for Si:F:H deposition compared with that for Si:H deposition. Eo varies from 1.1 to 2.0 eV as functions of the concentration of Si-H bonds and that of dangling bonds, which are competing factors with each other. Ao^ is mainly correlated with bonded H content and dangling bond concentration p (ESR spin density). Another important factor is the concentration ratio of SiH, type to SiH type bondings.


Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an acidic and corrosive gas, and the presence of this gas in the piping system can cause various problems in the industrial sector. Therefore, the CO2 must be separated from the gas stream. One of the CO2 gas separation processes from the gas stream is carried out in a CO2 removal unit, where a desorption unit serves as a solvent regeneration step. Therefore, this study aims to develop a rate-based model and simulation of the reactive desorption process of CO2 gas in a sieve tray column. The rate-based model in the reactive desorption process of CO2 gas is based on film theory, the liquid in the tray is assumed completely agitated due to gas bubbling, the flow pattern of gas is plug flow, and the effect of the reaction on the mass transfer follows the enhancement factor concept. The number of trays used in this study was 20. In addition, the effect of several variables, such as: desorber pressure, rich amine temperature, rich amine flow rate, and reboiler load, was also assessed on the CO2 stripping efficiency. The accuracy of our prediction model is 1.34% compared with industrial plant data. Compared with the chemical engineering simulator simulation results, the average deviation is 4%. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).


This chapter focuses on past and current integrative practices in Turkey. Native practices have been embedded within Turkish culture for centuries as a part of the country's heritage and history. Recently, the Ministry of Health approved a list of complementary therapies and standards to regulate practices in integrative medicine. In addition, the nursing discipline has come a long way in terms of research on integrative practices, from descriptive studies to randomized control group studies and projects at the doctorate level. However, in spite of research activities and the emergence of new courses in nursing curricula, the progress in implementing integrative therapies to clinical practice in Turkey has been very slow.


The invention relates to a projection arrangement (1) for three-dimensional representation of at least comprising a headlamp motor vehicle body part, the projection arrangement (1), in particular designed as a hollow body model (10) of the at least one headlamp comprising motor vehicle body part, wherein the model (10) in a range for the modeling of the headlight is transparent design, and wherein in the model (10) or behind the model (10) a projection system (11) for display or projection of a headlight performing graphic on the inner or rear surface of the region for modeling disposed of the headlight.


Across the world there have been important regulation related to the audit matters. Significant efforts have been made in recent years to improve the audit firm trustfully with a focus on the significance of corporate governance for the market perception of the audit firm quality. The IAASB published in 2020 the exposure draft on "Fraud and going concern in an audit of financial statements" and the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) updated in 2016 the Audit Firm Governance Code. Good corporate governance and the related effects on market reputation of audit firm could reduce the market concentration of the BIG4. This study looks at whether or not, and if so, in the UK market the corporate governance of the audit firms is correlated with the market share of audit firms in order to support the efforts of standard setters to improve the corporate governance of audit firms and to enrich the academic literature on this topic. Enhancing corporate governance practice in non BIG4 audit firm could affect the perception of audit quality of the smaller accounting firms and improve their market share.


This study investigated the effects of computer animation on the academic achievement of Nigerian senior secondary school students in biology. The moderating effects of mental ability and gender were also investigated. The pretest-posttest, control group, quasi-experimental design with a 2x2x2 factorial matrix was adopted for the study. One hundred and eighty-nine senior secondary school Year II biology students from two randomly selected Federal Government Colleges in two states in Southwestern Nigeria were the participants. Findings show that there is a significant main effect of treatment on students' achievement in biology. The computer animation was effective in improving students' achievement, therefore, computer animation is recommended as a means of teaching biology to students in Nigerian secondary schools.


A DESSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS OF PUBLIC HEALTH (MPH) IN FIELD EPIDEMIOLOGY AND LABORATORY TRAINING PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA.


Amyloidosis comprises a group of protein-folding disorders in which extracellular deposits share unique Congo red staining properties and fibrillary ultrastructural appearance. These fibrillary deposits ultimately cause tissue destruction and progres‐ sive disease. Amyloidosis can be either systemic affecting multiple organs or local‐ ized. Renal involvement by amyloidosis (amyloid nephropathy) is a frequent manifestation of systemic amyloidosis. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and more recently laser microdissection and mass spectrometry (LMD/MS) are important techniques in typing of amyloid nephropathy. This in-depth review discusses practical diagnostic approach and pathogenesis of amyloid nephropathy and includes discussion of treatment and prognosis. the pattern of staining is much different. LCDD typically has a more diffuse and regular distribution of staining that appears linear or ribbon-like along glomerular and tubular basement membranes. The expanded mesangium also shows globular


The bridge is an important component in the transportation system, as it determines the capacity and service level of transportation system itself. Therefore the failure of the bridge with various courses should be avoided. Given the importance of the bridge roles in the transportation system will require good planning by considering the various of planning, such as aspects of marine and stability, stiffness, durability (purability), tractable (workability), economical (cash effective) and aesthetic aspects, and supported by the traffic data and soil data, as well as regulation for bridge planning PPJR 1987 and BMS 1992. Consider the economic aspects as a necessity in today's era of global competition, without prejudice to other parameters and factor of safety for users of transportation system.


Faiz today is mostly remembered for his ghazals and his rhymed poems which have been sung by numerous singers of the Subcontinent, are quoted on many occasions and, like the famous "Ham dekhenge" , have become part of a culture of resistance.  His free verses, which are far less in number, have attracted comparatively less attention. Free verse has never become as popular as the ghazal and pāband nazm in Urdu, although there have been a number of outstanding practitioners of the form. Even Urdu critics seem to have devoted more space to Faiz' ghazals and pāband nazm s than to his poems in less rigidly structured forms. It is perhaps no coincidence that Faiz started to use free verse off and on after he had come into closer contact with Pablo Neruda and Nazim Hikmet as well as with a number of Soviet poets during his frequent visits to the Soviet Union from 1958 onward. In the present paper I will discuss selected free verses written since 1962 to find out how far the inner structure and imagery of theses verses differs from Faiz' more "classical" texts and whether and how they are influenced by the topic and the circumstances of composition, viewed also in the context of Faiz' interaction with Nazim Hikmet and his works in prose and poetry. Faiz and Nazim Hikmet shared basic values and experiences, and it is striking to see how close they were in their attitudes to life and literature which is demonstrated by Faiz' poem about Nazim Hikmet and by his translations of a few of his verses. Therefore reading Faiz side by side with the Turkish poet may help to look at his works from a fresh angle.


Although autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) may benefit patients with relapsed or high risk non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), many patients still relapse and die of their disease. Most relapses occur during the first three years after transplant. In an attempt to reduce disease relapses, we have applied a maintenance regimen to patients after ASCT for B-cell NHL. In this regimen, all patients received low dose rituximab infusion (375 mg/m2 for one day only) every three months starting D+100 for a total of 2 years or until disease relapse. We reasoned that rituxan infusion given for only one day every three months may be sufficient to prevent disease relapse during this post-transplant period when any residual tumor bulk is likely low. Fifteen patients (eight men, seven women) with high-risk B-cell lymphoma have been treated. Their diagnoses: advanced mantle cell lymphoma in first complete remission (CR1) (8), refractory advanced marginal zone lymphoma (2), refractory follicular large cell lymphoma (1), high risk T-cell rich B-cell NHL in CR1 (1), Stage IV diffuse large cell lymphoma in CR1 (1) and relapsed B-cell NHL in CR2 (2). The median age was 59 years (range 38–72 years). CR was achieved using R-CHOP (10) or R-DHAP/R-ICE (5) and autologous hematopoietic stem cells were harvested during hematopoietic recovery from the last course of chemo-immunotherapy. With a median follow-up of 46 months (range 12–66) for the group and 47 months (range 16–66) for patients with advanced mantle cell lymphoma, the projected 5.5 years relapse-free survival for the group is 100% and the overall survival 80%. Two patients with mantle cell lymphoma died, one due to metastatic breast cancer and another a stroke at 40 and 41 months respectively. Unlike patients who underwent ASCT without rituximab, in whom B-cell recovery occurred between 3–6 months, we observed severe delays in the immunoglobulin recoveries in these patients (Figure 1). With a median immunoglobulin follow-up of 28 months (range 6–64), none of the fifteen patients showed normalization of total IgG. Two patients achieved a normalized total IgA and two a normalized total IgM. This hypogammaglobulinemia persists beyond the rituxan maintenance period. The median time to attainment of 75% normal level of immunoglobulin is 36 months for IgG, 48 months for IgA and not reached for IgM. The severe immunoglobulin deficiencies may be clinically relevant. Six of fifteen patients developed recurrent upper respiratory tract infection. No fatal infection was observed among any of the patients. Our results, therefore, suggest that low dose rituximab administration every three months after ASCT for high-risk B-cell lymphoma may prevent lymphoma relapse. However, this is associated with severe and prolonged delays in immunoglobulin recovery beyond the rituxan maintenance period. Careful monitoring of the immunoglobulin recovery and intervention as appropriate should be done routinely in these patients.


In this paper we will be concerned with the problem of describing the Jacobson radical of the semigroup algebra K[S] of an arbitrary semigroup S over a field K in the case where this algebra satisfies a polynomial identity. Recently, Munn characterized the radical of commutative semigroup algebras [9]. The key to his result was to show that, in this situation, the radical must be a nilideal. We are going to extend the latter to the case of PI-semigroup algebras. Further, we characterize the radical by means of the properties of S or, more precisely, by some groups derived from S. For this purpose we will exploit earlier results leading towards a characterization of semigroup algebras satisfying polynomial identities [5], [15], which generalized the well known case of group algebras (cf. [13], chap. 5).


Garbage collection has a profound impact on the write amplification in flash-based SSDs, which in turn may significantly reduce its life span. The unequal wear of data blocks further contributes to this reduced life span. In this paper we study two performance measures: the SSD endurance which assesses the life span of an SSD and the PE fairness which is a measure for the degree of unequal wear. We demonstrate, using a mean field model and simulation, how these measures are affected by the garbage collection algorithm, spare factor, etc. Numerical results indicate that under uniform random writes there is no need to implement a wear leveling technique. For hot and cold data we see that design choices that lower the PE fairness may still result in a higher SSD endurance, which suggests that one should not emphasize too much on equaling the wear.


The recovery rate of construction waste in Germany was about 87%.From the reuse trends of construction wastes in 2004,it could be determined that the government involvement in the reuse of construction waste was an important reason for the high recovery rate.Drafting detailed regulations and policies and developing clear norms provided a basis for the reuse of construction waste.Further more with the high fees for the construction wastes and low price for recycled building materials,the recycled building materials could be better reused.


One of the 23 goals of the framework is to encourage the public and corporate sectors to contribute $200 billion annually to conservation efforts by 2030. The United Nations requested funds to help safeguard 30% of land and coastal regions by 2030 as environmental officials from 185 nations convened in Vancouver, Canada, on Thursday to endorse a multibillion-dollar fund to assist global conservation. States ratified the KunmingMontreal Global Biodiversity Framework, sometimes referred to as the "Paris Agreement for Nature" due to its landmark 2015 United Nations climate change deal, eight months ago. More than a million species are reportedly in risk of extinction, according to the U.N. One of the 23 goals of the framework is to encourage the public and corporate sectors to contribute $200 billion annually to conservation efforts by 2030, with industrialized nations contributing at least $20 billion annually by 2025. The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity's interim executive secretary, David Cooper, declared that "we are off to a good start." We are now requesting further contributions from nations and other sources so that the first initiatives funded by the new fund may get underway in 2019. As needed by the World Bank as trustee, the fund has thus far fallen short of the $200 million USD it needs to be fully operating by December. The United Kingdom provided 10 million pounds ($13 million) while Canada said on Thursday that it will give 200 million Canadian dollars ($147 million). "The time for half-measures has passed," declared Oscar Soria, the organization Avaaz's director. The little $40 million needed to launch the fund may surely be raised by donors. The Global Environment Facility (GEF), a mechanism established under the U.N. Convention on Biological Diversity and the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, manages the Global Conservation Fund, which was launched on Thursday. Over the past 30 years, the GEF has given more than $23 billion to thousands of projects. More than a third of the cash will be allocated to the world's least developed nations and tiny island states, with up to 20% of that amount intended to support initiatives run...Read More 185 Countries Unite To Launch MultibillionDollar Global Conservation Fund The fusion of Kamran's creative ingenuity and his academic prowess has undoubtedly placed him as a promising beacon of inspiration for the youth in Pakistan and beyond. Kamran Khan, a remarkable matric student hailing from North Waziristan, Pakistan, has soared to new heights of recognition by securing the esteemed People's Choice Award (Animation) at the prestigious MSI Creator Awards 2023 held in the United States (US). The young talent's achievement has not only brought pride to his nation but has also underscored the potential of individuals from all corners of the world to shine on the global stage. Kamran's exceptional prowess in animation was celebrated by a worldwide audience as his winning submission garnered immense admiration and support. In an exclusive interview, Kamran expressed his deep sense of gratitude for the opportunity to represent his homeland on such a prominent platform. He spoke of the tremendous impact this victory has had on him, emphasizing how it has propelled his aspirations to even loftier heights within the animation industry. The winning masterpiece, an awe-inspiring sci-fi scene meticulously crafted using the software Blender, captivated the imaginations of countless viewers. Kamran's artistic vision resonated so strongly that it clinched the top spot in the public voting category of the competition, a testament to his ability to connect with a global audience. Kamran's journey of achievement extends beyond his animation prowess. With a thirst for excellence that transcends artistic endeavors, he has also excelled academically. His remarkable feat of scoring an impressive 968 marks in his recent matric exams serves as a testament to his dedication, diligence, and well-rounded capabilities. The fusion of Kamran's creative ingenuity and his academic prowess has undoubtedly placed him as a promising beacon of inspiration for the youth in Pakistan and beyond. His story resonates as a testament to the boundless potential harbored by young talents, regardless of their backgrounds. As Kamran Khan continues to bask in the spotlight of his achievement, he remains poised to further etch his name in the annals of animation history. His journey from North Waziristan to a global platform serves as a reminder that passion, talent, and dedication know no geographical boundaries. The nation watches with anticipation as Kamran's story continues to unfold, eagerly awaiting the further heights he is destined to reach. Pakistani Student Clinches People's Choice Award In US Animation Contest


ABSTRACT Many different approaches have been used to research the comparability of examination grades, such as those generated by A level examinations in different subjects and years, and by different examination boards. This paper reviews various definitions of comparability which have been used, and argues that all definitions of comparability incorporate specific values. The paper explores studies that have used general ability reference tests as an independent measure against which to compare examination grades. This methodology is shown to be seriously flawed. The paper goes on to discuss other approaches to researching the comparability of A level grades, including the use of previous GCSE grades of A level candidates.


Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are an important source of information. This kind of imaging is little affected by adverse atmospheric conditions, such as ram, clouds, fog, etc., since it operates at frequencies other than the visible. Also, since the sensor is active and carries its own source of illumination, it can operate by night. The problem that arises with the use of this technology is a signal- dependent noise, called speckle. This kind of noise is common to all imaging devices that use coherent illumination, such as laser, microwaves, etc. One of the most useful techniques for image analysis is the segmentation. Using statistical modelling, two multiclass segmentation techniques for 1-look and linear detection SAR images are derived: the maximum likelihood and the Iterated Conditional Modes (ICM), both assuming multiplicative Rayleigh models for the data. Although the ICM segmentation yields significatively better results than the maximum likelihood segmentation, the 1-look linear detection case is noisy enough to deserve some improvement. Mathematical Morphology, a non linear approach to signal processing, is then used as a refinement technique in order to extract information.


Amobia quatei Kurahashi, 1974 was reared from the puparia collected from the brood chambers of mason wasp Anterhynchium flavomarginatum (Smith, 1852). The species is reported for the first time from Indian subcontinent. This is also the first host record for the kleptoparasite A. quatei. A redescription of the kleptoparasite supplemented with illustrations of habitus and genitalia, along with notes on the biology of the host are provided.


Supervised methods for inferring gene regulatory networks (GRNs) perform well with good training data. However, when training data is absent, these methods are not applicable. Unsupervised methods do not need training data but their accuracy is low. In this paper, we combine supervised and unsupervised methods to infer GRNs using time-series gene expression data. Specifically, we use results obtained from unsupervised methods to train supervised methods. Since the results contain noise, we develop a data cleaning algorithm to remove noise, hence improving the quality of the training data. These refined training data are then used to guide classifiers including support vector machines and deep learning tools to infer GRNs through link prediction. Experimental results on several data sets demonstrate the good performance of the classifiers and the effectiveness of our data cleaning algorithm.


In this paper, a algorithm named fractional order coded permutation entropy (FCPE) is proposed by introducing fractional calculus into coded permutation entropy (CPE). A Logistic map is used to study the performance of FCPE under different fractional order parameter in dynamic changes detection. Then, FCPE is applied to detect three types of rolling bearing fault signals. Simulation results show that compared with CPE, fractional permutation entropy (FPE) and weighted fractional permutation entropy (WFPE), FCPE can effectively amplify the dynamic changes of the system and improve the detection ability of abnormal changes when suitable fractional order parameter is selected. For the same rolling bearing fault, the detection performance of FCPE is more significant compared to other three methods.


The molecular dynamics simulation of 128 hard spheres interacting with a hard wall at 298.16 K with a reduced density d3=0.755 is reported (AIP).


Programmable packet processors have replaced traditional fixed-function custom logic in the data path of routers. This programmability introduces new vulnerabilities in these systems that can lead to new types of network attacks. We propose a modular packet processor monitoring technique that can help in detecting and avoiding such attacks. Using information about the processing time distribution of individual modules, input/output traffic characteristics can be inferred and abnormal behavior can be detected.


We propose to model the relationship between a biobank and a research unit and we place the expertise of the biobank at the center of the relationship between the actors. We believe that the role of the biobank is fundamental in the process of project selection (and therefore in the decision to allocate biological samples), but also to improve the chances of success of the project. Our central hypothesis links the biobank's level of expertise to its ability to evaluate the project and to contribute to the success of the innovation. We show that a simple pricing rule allows socially optimal sample production: the sample tari(cid:27) must be strictly lower than the marginal cost of production. This tari(cid:27) depends only on the biobank's marginal cost of production. Price discrimination according to the public or private nature of the research unit is therefore irrelevant. A high level of expertise o(cid:27)ers a greater margin of negotiation and is always valued by research units. Only a biobank that is su(cid:30)ciently experienced and exerts e(cid:27)ort can achieve a strictly positive minimum pro(cid:28)tability. Above a certain level of expertise, a costly strategy to increase expertise may not be relevant: a biobank cannot reap the bene(cid:28)ts of its investment.


Abstract Introduction: Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in asthmatic inflammatory responses. However, the effects of NGF on dendritic cells (DCs) in asthmatic inflammation remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of NGF on co-stimulatory molecules and the release of cytokines after ovalbumin (OVA) and a low dose of LPS (low LPS) stimulation of dendritic cells. Methods: Bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were collected from 6- to 8-week-old wide or TLR4−/− mice. BMDCs were treated with OVA and/or low LPS for 12h, and then stimulated with NGF for 24h. ELISA and flow cytometry were performed to measure TSLP, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 production and MHCII and CD86 expression on BMDCs. BMDCs were exposed to p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) inhibitor (TAT-Pep5) or NF-kB inhibitor (QNZ) 30 min prior to NGF 1 h after NGF intervention, the levels of RelA and RelB in cytoplasmic and nuclear were detected by west blot. Co-cultured BMDCs with naïve CD4+ T cells, and ELISA was used to detect IL-4 and INF-γ levels. Results: NGF was found to markedly promote OVA and low LPS-induced expression of MHCII, CD86, secretion of TSLP and IL-6, and Th2-response-stimulating capacity of BMDCs. NGF affected BMDCs through LPS-induced p75NTR expression. TAT-Pep5 or QNZ could attenuate the promotive effect of NGF. Conclusions: NGF facilitates OVA with lowLPS-induced maturation of mouse BMDCs through LPS-up-regulated p75 NTR via activation of NF-κB pathways, providing another mechanism for the involvement of NGF in the Th2 response.


This chapter introduces to basics of computer networking and associated widely used essential networking communication protocols. The chapter provides the comparison of OSI and TCP model along with details of internet layer protocols including internet protocol (IP), IP addressing schemes, internet control messaging protocol (ICMP), etc. Next, the chapter discusses transport layer protocols transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) in detail. Application layer protocols including dynamic host control protocol (DHCP), secure shell (SSH), file transfer protocol (FTP), trivial FTP (TFTP), simple network management protocol (SNMP), hyper text transfer protocol secure (HTTPS), network time protocol (NTP), domain name system (DNS), and simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) are also explained in this chapter. One just cannot attack a networking protocol without knowing how it works. Having a solid introduction about computer networking and network protocols is fundamental in the ethical hacking world. This chapter quickly revisits all essential concepts related to computer networking.


This paper presents 1) algorithms for blood vessels extraction in sclera-conjunctiva images, which can be applied in syndrome differentiation by observing human eyes (named Ocular Diagnostic in Traditional Chinese Medicine), 2) digitization of extracted vessels. First, sclera-conjunctiva region is isolated by optimal threshold segmentation and mathematical operation. Second, scanning and edge detection methods are used to gain the edge of the blood vessels. Moreover, the edge feature parameters are gained, which can be used to reconstruct the blood vessels. Experimental results show that the algorithms can obtain blood vessels information fast and accurately.


It has been evident for a number of years that aspirin (ASA) has held a strong position in the prevention of cardiovascular related events but is now becoming a prominent preventative measure in colorectal cancer. This paper has sought at what molecular levels these new preventative results are stemming from.


A new hybrid prediction model including two single models of nonparametric regression model and BP neural network model was proposed according to the periodicity and randomness properties of short-term traffic flow.Relevant historical traffic flow data were used in nonparametric regression model to make the prediction result abtained from the databases matching proceeding fully illustrate the cyclical stability of traffic flow.Three-tier BP neural network model was used to reflect the dynamic and nonlinear characters of traffic flow.Fuzzy control algorithm was adopted to get the weight coefficient of each model.New mixed model was constituted by the two single models according to different weight coefficients.The prediction effect of hybrid prediction model was verified by the traffic flow data in 30 d from a certain section in Xi'an.Experimental result indicates that the average relative error of mixed model is 1.26%,and its maximum relative error is 3.53%,so the prediction accuracy of mixed model is obviously higher than two single models,and can accurately reflect the real situation of traffic flow.6 tabs,5 figs,16 refs.


A review was made of failures and irregularities experienced on nickel cadmium batteries for 31 spacecraft. Only rarely did batteries fail completely. In many cases, poorly performing batteries were compensated for by a reduction in loads or by continuing to operate in spite of out-of-voltage conditions. Low discharge voltage was the most common problem observed in flight spacecraft (42%). Spacecraft batteries are often designed to protect against cell shorts, but cell shorts accounted for only 16% of the failures. Other causes of problems were high charge voltage (16%), battery problems caused by other elements of the spacecraft (10%), and open circuit failures (6%). Problems of miscellaneous or unknown causes occurred in 10% of the cases.


Shetland is a medium-late maturing, high-yielding white (navy) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It's main advantages are its earlier maturity and better standability than Dresden and OAC Rico. It has good cooking quality and it is resistant to the alpha and delta races of anthracnose and to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., dry edible (navy, pea) bean, cultivar description, bean anthracnose, bean common mosaic virus


This paper discusses an analytical method for performance estimation of multi-stage transimpedance amplifier (TIA). For high speed and energy efficient optical communication, multi-stage TIA composed of pre-amplifier (PA) and Cherry-Hooper amplifier (CHA) are commonly used. However, it is not clear how to decide design parameters of PA and CHA. Additionally, the number of stages is also a design parameter. We propose an analytical performance estimation to achieve the highest bandwidth or the highest energy efficiency. To clear the impact of PA and CHA, we separate the impact of PA and CHA on the bandwidth. Our method shows trade-offs between the power and the bandwidth under various number of stages. The proposed method is verified with circuit simulation in a 65-nm CMOS technology. Results show that our method reveals the highest bandwidth and highest energy efficiency under various situations.


The algorithm bases for the Savitzy and Golay smoothing, spectrum stripping, Kalman filtering and the artificial neural network programs used in the self-constructed CCD-ICP-OES are described.


3D modeling of objects such as statues, moldings or ornaments, answers to a need of documentation and analysis in the field of cultural heritage. Several sensors based on different technologies are used to obtain information on the geometry of an object in form of point clouds: laser scanners, digital cameras or more recently RGB-D cameras. Among them, the recent Kinect v2 sensor looks promising and therefore its use has been studied in this paper. The aim of this paper is to compare two methodologies for 3D models acquisition: photogrammetry-based models and models obtained using a RGB-D camera. Since the quality of the meshed models is obviously correlated to the quality of the point cloud, the result will be more or less faithful to reality. To quantify this reliability, several comparisons to a reference model have been carried out. Regarding the results of the comparisons, we will be able to conclude about the strengths and weaknesses of photogrammetry and RGB-D cameras for 3D modeling of complex objects.


ABSTRACT. In an earlier paper Hubert, Mauduit and Sárközy introduced pseudorandom measures for pseudorandomness of binary lattices, and they gave constructions for binary lattices with strong pseudorandom properties. They gave nearly optimal upper bounds for the pseudorandom measures of the lattices constructed. However, these early constructions also have disadvantages: they are rather artificial, and their implementation is complicated. Thus another construction is presented here which is based on the use of the Legendre symbol. This construction is much more natural and flexible than the earlier ones, and it can be implemented more easily. However, there is a price paid for this: to give upper bounds for the pseudorandom measures one needs the flexibility and generality of Weil's theorem, and here in the two dimensional situation this approach leads to weaker bounds than the optimal ones.


Metagenomics is the study of genomes directly sequenced from an environment. The goal of metagenomics is to understand the ecosystems by identifying the community members and the genes in the environment, and microbial organisms are a main target of the research [2] [3]. Microbial metagenomics enables to access uncultured microbial organisms, thus obtained sequences are composed of various species. Metagenomic sequences cannot be assembled, and almost all of them are one-pass sequences (about 700bp). Gene finding is a fundamental goal in all metagenomics projects. However, conventional gene finding methods cannot be applied to metagenomic sequences because they are anonymous and short fragments, thus we cannot estimate their appropriate codon usage [1]. A realistic alternative method is a similarity search against the sequence database or the metagenomic sequences themselves, but about 30% of metagenomic data have no significant similarity [1]. In this study, we proposed a method for predicting genes in a mixture of anonymous and short fragment sequences of bacteria, archea, and fungi.


A total of 723 on-scene, in-depth accident-involved motorcycles were investigated in Bangkok between December 30, 1998 and December 29, 1999. Approximately 97 per cent of all cases were investigated at the accident location while vehicles, drivers and police were still present. The remainders were investigated within a few hours of the accident. Each investigation was conducted by a team of investigators trained in motorcycle accident investigation and analysis. After the initial investigation, the information collected was analyzed to provide a complete reconstruction of events before, during and after the collision. One week after the accident, investigators returned to the accident scene, where they observed, counted and recorded information about motorcycles and other traffic passing accident scenes. Several months later, they returned to the accident area to conduct interviews with riders who stopped at petrol stations near the accident scene. Such "exposure data" provided a comparison of accident-involved riders to the larger population of riders who were exposed to similar accident risks (by using the same roadways under similar conditions), but who were not involved in an accident. Comparisons between accident and exposure populations helped define the differences between accident-involved riders and others.


Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of mature, peripheral B-cells, constitutes a group of heterogeneous diseases in terms of morphological, biological and clinical features. The classification of DLBCL based on the location of the tumor, histopathology, immunophenotype, etiology, and similarity to other diseases of the B lymphocytes. This review presents an update on the molecular abnormalities identified in the major subtypes of the disease, e.g. germinal center B-cell and activated B-cell, and their importance in context of the clinical course of disease.


Liquid crystal materials may allow the construction of rapidly tunable filters with a variety of bandwidths. These filters would be built as birefringence filters which use the electro-optic properties of liquid crystals to achieve tunability. The most common liquid crystal device is the twisted-nematic cell, but the device of interest to us is called a 'flat-field' or non-twisted cell.


This note explains various types of leases and common lease terminology.

Excerpt

UVA-G-0330

NOTE ON REAL ESTATE LEASES AND LEASING

Basic Definition

A lease is a contract that transfers the right to possess and use a specified property from the owner of the property (the lessor) to the tenant (the lessee). It details the individual rights and obligations of each of these parties, granting the lessee the right to occupy the premises and use them for purposes stated in the lease for a specified period of time. In return, the lessor (landlord) retains the right to receive payment for the use of the premises as well as the right to retake possession of the property after the lease term has expired. This repossession prerogative is known as the reversionary right.

The tenant's interest in the property stipulated in the lease is called the leasehold estate, or sometimes just the leasehold, and is usually considered personal property of the tenant for the duration of the lease. There are four types of leasehold estates:

1. Estate for years: An interest that allows possession for a defined period of time. Most commercial leases are of this type.

. . .


European art, culture, science and philosophy underwent substantial progress during the Renaissance, leaving behind rich material cultural relics that have inspired and mesmerized people for ages. Due to their fragility and the passage of time, these priceless artifacts are vulnerable to theft, loss, and damage. This paper expresses the impact of modern technology, which has proven to be a helpful ally in maintaining and renewing the material cultural relics of the Renaissance in order to address these concerns. The impact of contemporary technology on the Renaissance's material cultural relics is examined in this article, as is how it can efficiently preserve, transmit, and disseminate these priceless relics. The difficulties that Renaissance cultural artifacts encounter as a result of historical developments and the passage of time are covered in the study. These priceless cultural artifacts are fragile, which makes them more susceptible to theft, loss, and destruction. The paper makes the case that leveraging contemporary technologies can more successfully preserve, transmit, and spread Renaissance cultural heritage. Examples include virtual reality, artistic creativity, and social media. For instance, augmented reality (AR) can be used to see how the Last Supper frescoes in the Convent of Santa Maria de Milano originally appeared. The essay also looks at how preserving and passing on Renaissance cultural history inspires and enhances the present and future while fostering cultural variety, innovation, and tolerance. Finally, the report emphasizes the significance of considering the potential negative effects of technology, including the possible harm that immersive experiences may cause to people's physical health.


It is only natural that the recent surge into space by man raises the question of what would happen to the rate of senescence of a biologic specimen in space a t high velocities. It is probable that man-made vehicles will develop enormous speeds under low acceleration which may reach close to or equal the speed of light. In the problems of the biologic maintenance of systems in space a t these high velocities, certain problems have arisen which have presented new classifications of our concepts. It has been cleverly suggested that the support system for these biologic activities in space be called "gastronautics" (1) (not by us). By mathematical deduction i t is possible to show that no change in the rate of senescence or chemical reactions of biologic systems will occur until the velocity of light is attained. This material is presented in this paper.


This paper presents a formal imperative calculus to formalize the semantics of class-based object-oriented programming languages. The tractability of this approach is demonstrated by our formalization of a core subset of the Java programming language called Cool: Core Object-Oriented Language. Cool is relatively small but retains many of modern class-based object-oriented languages' key features, including classes, inheritance, objects, virtual functions and dynamic method dispatch etc. The technical contribution of this paper can be summarized as: first, this paper formalizes a syntactic specification for Cool; second, this paper presents static semantics for Cool via typing rules, and its operational semantics via small-step transition relation. Finally, this paper proves that the formal calculus proposed is type safe.


The p53 tumor suppressor gene is mutated in over 50% of human cancers [1]. The majority of these mutations are missense mutations with alteration of single base pairs and amino acids. Because these missense mutations target the vital DNA binding domain, the transcriptional activity of p53 is impaired (often completely). One important feature of the activity of p53 mutants is their ability to interfere with p53-dependent apoptosis or cell cycle arrest by a dominant negative mechanism [1]. Evasion of programmed cell death and cell cycle control offers a strong selective advantage to cancer cells particularly during chemotherapy. TP53 mutations can be expected to affect outcome and this impact may be particularly apparent when chemotherapy is used. Unlike wild-type p53, which under normal conditions has a short half-life curtailed when it is targeted by Mdm2 for degradation (Figure 1) [2], mutant p53 proteins are not targeted efficiently by this negative feedback loop and accumulate to high levels in cancer cells (Figure 1) [3]. In this issue, Schlette et al. have taken advantage of the high p53 expression in most TP53 mutant cancer cells and interrogated the prognostic impact in BM biopsies of patients with CLL [4]. Importantly, they have studied patients treated within a seminal clinical trial from the MD Anderson Cancer Center establishing FCR (Fludarabine, Cyclophsphamide, Rituximab) as the most active regimen in the treatment of patients with CLL [5]. The authors have found high expression (defined by a 40% positivity threshold) in 21 /222 patients and this figure corresponds well with the incidence of TP53 mutations in CLL [6–8]. The high expression had profound impact on response rate (29% of cases with high p53 expression had refractory disease vs. 2% without) and overall survival. The findings support the poor prognosis of CLL with 17p deletion or TP53 mutation (a largely overlapping group) [6–8] and add to the evidence that the distinct prognosis is valid even with the most active regimen (i.e. FCR) in CLL. The current study also brings up the question of how to best test for p53 dysfunction in CLL. A number of assays have been used including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or alternative techniques detecting genomic aberrations, TP53 mutation analysis by different assays, immunohistochemistry or – cytochemistry, but also functional assays relying on the detection of p53 levels and downstream targets (Figure 1) [9]. As with any diagnostic test, each particular one will have its specific shortcomings, but for the time being FISH and TP53 mutation analysis (by an unbiased technique) should be favored. When compared with this, the assay used by Schlette et al. will detect missense mutant cases but not frame shift mutations where no p53 protein is detectable. This is an important fraction which adds up to 20–30% of all TP53 mutations in CLL [10]. Moreover, histology sections (bone marrow or lymph node) are required, or the approach described by Schlette et al., and these are rarely obtained in today's clinical practice in CLL. As the authors thoughtfully discuss, the findings will need validation in an independent data set, as the threshold was defined based on the clinical outcome. This is important to consider when the results are translated into the diagnostic work-up. Similarly, from a biological stand point it appears somewhat counterintuitive that a particular cut-off (in a biological sense) should exist. We would expect clonal selection of CLL cells with TP53 mutation irrespective of the proportion of cells [11]. This being


After five decades of sustained progress, Moore's law appears to be reaching its limits. In order to sustain the dramatic improvements to which we have become accustomed, computing will need to transform to Kurzweil's sixth wave of computing. The supercomputing community will likely need to re-think most of its fundamental technologies and tools, spanning innovative materials and devices, circuits, system architectures, programming systems, system software, and applications. We already see evidence of this transition in the move to new architectures that employ heterogeneous processing, non-volatile memory, multimode memory hierarchies, and optical interconnection networks. In this talk, I will recap progress in these areas over the past three decades, discuss current solutions, and contemplate various future technologies that our community will need for continued progress in supercomputing.


For fired heater tubes having a combination of high, non-axisymmetric incident radiant heat flux and a low value of the convective heat transfer coefficient at the inside surface, circumferential heat conduction in the tube will significantly affect the maximum tubewall temperature. In addition, when the fluid flowing in the tubes is a low density gas, internal thermal radiation and circumferential variation of the heat transfer coefficient will also affect the maximum tubewall temperature. An analytical solution is presented for the case of circumferential conduction with constant heat transfer coefficient and no internal thermal radiation. A numerical solution is presented for the case of circumferential conduction with variation of the heat transfer coefficient and internal thermal radiation. These results are related to the design of tubes for fired heaters where low density gases are flowing in the tubes. An experimental study verified that the numerical technique is slightly conservative in predicting maximum tubewall temperatures and much more accurate than a conventional one-dimensional analysis.


What is the relationship between product design benefits (hedonic versus utilitarian) and the postconsumption feelings of customer delight and satisfaction? The primary insights this research provides are as follows: (1) Products that meet or exceed customers' utilitarian needs and fulfill prevention goals enhance customer satisfaction (e.g., a car with antilock brakes and vehicle stability assist), and (2) products that meet or exceed customers' hedonic wants and fulfill promotion goals enhance customer delight (e.g., a car with panoramic sunroof and six-speaker audio system). Furthermore, the research finds that the primary antecedent feelings of satisfaction are the prevention emotions of confidence and security provided by utilitarian benefits, whereas the primary antecedent feelings of delight are the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement provided by hedonic benefits. Finally, the results show that delighting customers improves customer loyalty, as measured by word of mouth and repurchase intentions, more than merely satisfying them. The authors discuss the theoretical contribution and strategic insights the research provides for product designers and marketers.


Six human breast milk samples have been investigated for contaminations with the sunscreen agents Homosalate (HMS), Isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate (IMZ), Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), Methylbenzylidenecamphor (MBC), Octyl Dimethyl PABA (DABI) and Octyl Methoxycinnamate (OMZ). Sunscreens are preferably utilized in the industrial production of sun protective agents. Moreover those substances are used in many other cosmetic products, partly for means of preservation. In this study a detection of sunscreens in human milk samples from Germany is reported for the first time. Up to 2% of the applied substances can be absorbed via skin according to manufacturers information. In clinical studies some cases of contact and photocontact allergies to certain sunscreens have been reported. Glas-columns filled with differently acitvated silica gel were used for the extraction of each of the 10 ml milk samples. The extracts were cleaned by gel permeation chromatography, afterwards reduced to a volume of 150 μl and quantitatively analysed by Capillary Gaschromatography/Mass Spectrometry in the SIM-mode. BP-3 and OMZ were unambiguously detectable in five of the six investigated samples at a concentration range between 16 and 417 ng/g (fat basis).


This study desires to look at the impact of family background on cognitive skills of the children. On the basis of primary survey of two districts of West Bengal—namely Bankura and Nadia—and using the fathers' education, occupation and per capita household income as the proxies for family background we have employed multinomial probit and ordered logit regression model for this analysis. The findings reveal that there exists a significant positive association between family background and cognitive skills of the child indicating the existence of poor intergenerational mobility in education in the surveyed region. JEL Codes: I20, I24, I28


Ring fixators with small transfixion wires (the Ilizarov method) are effective in the treatment of acute trauma and late reconstruction of the leg. Transfixion wires need to be placed with careful attention to anatomy to avoid complications. Safe placement of proximal tibial transfixion wires requires extracapsular positioning. This anatomic detail has not been emphasized in the literature. This case report illustrates knee joint infection as a sequelae of pin penetration of the capsule. Furthermore the capsule attachment to the proximal tibia is defined by radiographic imaging and cadaveric dissection.


The development, subject and structure of office automation information system are introduced. The requirement, procedure and security pledge of system design by means of Lotus Domino/Notes "group software" are discussed.


ABSTRACT The conditions and physical mechanisms of electroforming and subsequent resistive switching in Au/TiO2/Pt thin film structures were investigated. It was concluded that the electroforming, being a current-limited electric breakdown of the TiO2 films, resulted in a considerable increase of the oxygen vacancy concentration in the bulk and on the surface of the films. The resistive switching implemented by short voltage pulses of different polarities is proposed to be due to the change of the Schottky barrier height at the Pt/TiO2 interface as a result of the current-induced variation of the occupancy by electrons of the surface states in the band gap of TiO2.


Based on the ecosystem development theory,this paper puts forward some principles on how to construct an urban wa- ter-green ecosystem.Taking the current conditions of the water-green in the center district of Shenyang city into account,the paper analyzes the ways to build the water-green ecosystem in the city.In the last of the paper,the potential eco-benefits of such construction work are also evaluated.


Mindfulness and the Arts Therapies: Theory and Practice offers a comprehensive survey of the current applications of mindfulness and meditation along the expressive arts therapies spectrum. The use of mindfulness-based treatments in mind-body medicine (Kabat-Zinn, 1990) and talk therapy has been well documented (Siegel, 2010). Until now there has not been a book describing the range of current mindfulness-based approaches being used in the arts therapies. This publication successfully fills that void. The edited volume is divided into six sections with chapters written by prominent contributors to the field. Each section offers a different perspective from which to view the integration of mindfulness practices with therapeutic creative process. In Part One Rappaport, along with Kalmanowitz, provide a working definition of mindfulness and review the history of mindfulness in mind-body medicine. They discuss the integration of mindfulness skills with other forms of psychotherapy including Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. In Part Two, McNiff and Allen offer insights into how intentional, present moment awareness is cultivated in the expressive arts therapies. Both writers describe not only the therapeutic benefits for clients of integrating mindfulness and art making, but also articulate how the clear seeing that results from engagement in mindfulness practice enhances therapists' capacity as witness. McNiff uses the termmindful witnessing and refers to a therapist in session as "the presence of another person who helps to establish and hold creative space largely through silent and contemplative witnessing" (p. 43). Allen describes how the intention, attention, and attitude mechanisms of mindful meditation appear as elements in her Open Studio Process in the forms of witness writing and witness consciousness. The nine chapters in Part Three provide examples of mindfulness practices integrated with a variety of arts therapies modalities. Each chapter is organized into sections covering theoretical framework, clinical application, case example, and conclusion. As an art therapist who is also a meditation instructor, my impression is that the authors of some chapters have logged some real time on the meditation cushion and know the practices they offer their clients from the inside out. They have a level of sensitivity to the nuances of mindfulness practice that cannot be learned by reading about mindfulness or attending training workshops alone. The importance of a personal commitment to mindfulness practice is identified and emphasized by a number of the authors. Some chapters present a sensitive, well thought out, and intricately interwoven synthesis of mindfulness practice and arts therapies. In other instances it appears the work described simply involved adding a superficial layer of meditation or mindful awareness training onto an existing protocol. Outstanding chapters include Peterson's "Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy: Applications for Healing With Cancer," which is filled with inspired and carefully planned interventions. The subtle work described in Tantia's "Mindfulness and Dance/Movement Therapy for Treating Trauma" case study and Fox's thoughtful chapter on poetry therapy are thoroughly captivating. The spaciousness and grace described in Chapter 10 about the Assisi Model silent retreat for people with cancer is inspiring. Finally, Isis's chapter on an adaptation of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for an outpatient psychiatric program fluidly integrates psychodrama, sociometry, movement, and visualization activities with the visual arts. Part Four presents arts therapies approaches that are mindfulness-based. At times it was difficult to ascertain why a modality was placed here rather than in the previous section, given that almost all of the arts have historically been used as forms of contemplative practice (Trungpa, 1996). Highlights from this section include Rothaus's meticulously written chapter on Hakomi Experiential Psychotherapy and Avstreih's succinct discussion of inner and external witness in the chapter "Authentic Movement and Mindfulness." I also appreciated the attention to detail in von Daler and Schwanbeck's chapter relating specific art activities to each of the key Dialectical Behavior Therapy skill modules as well as the editor's well-considered chapter on Focusing-Oriented Arts Therapy. In a brief section on education and training, Franklin explains how mindful awareness is cultivated as part of the clinical training in the art therapy program at Naropa University. Beardall and Surry introduce Relational Mindfulness in the training of dance/movement therapists. The book concludes with a very helpful chapter on neuroscience, which offers a biological context to the work previously described. An extensive appendix provides step-by-step instructions for a number of mindfulness practices and music resources for Music and Imagery sessions.


Confidentiality in counseling relationships helps ensure trust between clients and counselors. Yet, defining and understanding the boundaries of confidentiality in school settings is often difficult, as school counselors are engaged in multiple relationships with various stakeholders. This qualitative phenomenological study explores the experiences of nine practicing school counselors to answer the following two research questions: 1) how do professional school counselors respond to ethical issues related to student confidentiality as they perform their responsibilities within the school community? And, 2) how do school counselors believe members of the school community perceive student confidentiality? Upon analysis, two main themes emerged from participants' narratives: relationships and training. Subthemes were also present for each of the two main themes. Under relationships, subthemes include trust, school culture, teamwork and consultation. Under training, subthemes of graduate training, professional development, and experience emerged. Implications for counselor educators and school counseling graduate programs are discussed.


The two recently recorded CD sets of Hrabina (The Countess) and Straszny dwór (The Haunted Manor) in complete concert versions with eighteenth-century instruments add enormously to the Polish operatic repertoire in the nineteenth century, and offer a fresh listening experience for those who have long wished for first-rate recordings of lesser-known, yet brilliantly executed, works of the hitherto neglected composer, Stanisław Moniuszko (1819–1872). Born in the Minsk district of modern Belarus, Monisuzko was gentry, and his nostalgia for the customs, the fields and forest, and the rural community that shaped his childhood years, fuelled his enthusiasm for modern operas set in the eighteenth century. These stellar concert versions of The Countess and The Haunted Manor provide a fascinating glimpse into the provocative and glittering salons of the eighteenth-century Warsaw nobility, whose inhabitants stand firmly in contrast to the more modest and self-effacing life of the peasants and the country gentry. In both operas Moniuszko successfully provides a romanticized portrayal of pre-Partition courtly life in Poland. While these two operas were highly regarded as national treasures in Poland, they were not particularly well known outside of the country. Polish opera at that time was largely overshadowed by Italian, French, and German composers, and the nation's subjugation to the Hapsburgs, Prussians, and Russians throughout the nineteenth century contributed mightily to the neglect of staged works by Polish composers. Additionally, singers needed to be trained in the nuances and inflections of the language. Prior recordings were either incomplete or were not available with English translations of the librettos. With the Biondi and Nowak recordings, Moniuszko's vision of expanding his art to a global audience has finally been achieved. These recordings are accessible to all opera enthusiasts on an international playing field.


Current generation CoCrPt oxide based perpendicular magnetic recording media use two Ru-based intermediate layers in order to grow crystallographically textured, and magnetically isolated granular media. In this work, the advantage of replacing the Ru grain isolation layer with antiferromagnetic IrMn is demonstrated. Media samples using 7.5nm thick IrMn intermediate layers show perpendicular texture with dispersion below 4°, coercivity of over 4000Oe alongside magnetic exchange decoupling, average grain sizes of 6nm with distributions under 14%, and thermal stability factor of 88. The IrMn layer may also help to stabilize the recording layer grains against thermal instability effects.


Standards, guidelines, and position and consensus statements by themselves do not change practice or improve pain management and care at the end of life. However, if they are used effectively, they support best practices, provide a forum for discussion of current recommendations, and provide nurses with the latest science and information to advocate for effective pain and symptom management.


Infection is the most frequent life threatening complication of central venous catheterisation. This thesis consists of four studies examining risk factors for catheterrelated infection, and their modification. Prevention of infection is hindered by a lack of agreement over the predominant route of infection. Following a retrospective study which highlighted at-risk groups of patients with a triple-lumen catheter, or receiving TPN, a prospective study used sampling and culture methods to detect intraand extraluminal catheter colonisation, and developed a classification method to discriminate between isolates from different sources. Tip colonisation was demonstrated by both routes, including simultaneously in a single catheter, or by different routes in successive catheters in a single patient. The risk of extraluminal colonisation was increased by extended use of semipermeable dressings and increasing duration of catheterisation. Hub colonisation was related to the total number of disconnections to the catheter/administration system and though less frequent than insertion site colonisation, was more frequently linked to tip colonisation. A high frequency of hub colonisation was observed in catheters used for TPN. Whilst overall, an equal frequency of extraand intraluminal sources of tip colonisation were observed, all cases of bacteraemia had an intraluminal source, even in the presence of skin or extraluminal colonisation. Implementation of in-line IV filters prevented intraluminal colonisation where present throughout the duration of catheterisation. Examination of bacterial growth in IV electrolyte solutions by impedance measurement demonstrated an increased risk when small amounts of nutrient containing drugs such as insulin or heparin were added. Growth of E. faecalis was superior to S. epidermidis, and unexpectedly equivalent to that of K pneumoniae.


Web Service is an effective mechanism for the data and service integration on the Web?It is important and necessary to carry out the research on the new architecture of Web Services,on the combinations with other good techniques,and on the integration of services?In this paper,it presents the basic conception of Web Service and the effect of SOAP in Web Service. Then analyses the improvement of SOAP from AXIS,discusses the concrete application of distributed Web Service based AXIS. Finally,it presents a discussion on the future development of Web Service.


Indigofera zollingeriana is a fodder plant of the legume group. This plant is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. The shoots of Indigofera zolingeriana have 28.98% crude protein content, 8.49% crude fiber, 3.30% crude fat, 0.52% calcium and 0.34% phosphorus. The purpose of the research to determine the effect of a combination of fish meal and indigofera leaf flour as a source of protein in the feed diets of tilapia fish. Fish seeds used with an average weight of 0.17 ± 0.3 gram with a stocking density of 20 fish/tank. Maintenance time is carried out for 56 days. Feeding is done with a frequency of 2 times a day at 09.00 and 17.00 WIB. The research based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 4 levels and 3 replications. As a treatment among treatments A (0%), B (10%), C (20%), and D (30%) were given artificial feed with a dose of 35.33, respectively; 31,65; 27.96; 24.27%. The results showed that the effect of the combination of fish meal and indigofera leaf flour as a source of protein in the tilapia seed feed ration was not significantly different (P> 0.05) on the survival and growth of tilapia seed. Treatment D obtained the highest results D) consisting on SR (96 ± 3.33%) and SGR (2.10 ± 0.30 g).


Movement contains a large amount of cognitive, central-motor and musculoskeletal information that correlates directly with the general state of health. Approaches to automatic movement analysis, in particular to automatized gait analysis are of utmost relevance to offer modern technological support for health professionals. The purpose of this paper is to present the experimental setup and preliminary results of the viability test of the TEDIPA study, which will evaluate the comparability of Azure Kinect's consumer depth and color camera with the medical product for gait analysis GAITRite, regarding accuracy and precision when measuring key indicators of healthy and pathological gait.


An experiment was conducted to produce a low-level description of the initial acquisition of skill with a displaybased application. This experiment constituted of a situation in which interface-literate users explored new functionality in two versions of a graphing system. Performance on initial exploration trials is compared to performance on subsequent structure-equivalent trials that profit from previous experiences with the system, both at short and long time delays. Performance times for exploration and two different delay conditions are discussed. Preliminary data analyses indicate that several interactions were difficult to discover, but are well retained even after a one-week interval. Comparisons between the two versions suggest that the availability of more functions and multiple methods inflated our subjects' performance times during exploration and during later trials.


Chromium(Cr) affects the growth of wheat plants(Triticum aestivum L.) badly.There are reports about the restrictive function of Cr to wheat growth and development.Understanding the mechanism of Cr resistance of wheat cultivars is of importance to wheat production and breeding.In this experiment,three wheat varieties Xinmai 19,Aikang 58 and Yumai 18 were used as experimental materia1.The seeds of each cultivar were water-cultivated at Cr concentrations of 0,25,50,100,150 mg L-1 to investigate the effect of Cr on germination energy,germination percentage,root length,shoot length and the endogenous hormones contents in roots and shoots at germination stage.The results showed:(1) With the increase in Cr concentration,the germination energy,germination percentage,root length and shoot length increased fi rst and declined then;(2) Under the same Cr concentration treatment,the characteristics of germination energy,germination percentage and shoot length were found in an order:Xinmai 19 Aikang 58 Yumai 18,and the root length:Yumai 18 Xinmai 19 Aikang 58;(3) The treatment with 150 mg L-1 chromium caused the decrease in IAA and ABA contents in roots and shoots,and the increase in seeds.Compared with the other two wheat varieties,Xinmai 19 showed a higher ABA content in seeds,roots and shoots;(4) The ratios of IAA/ABA of Xinmai 19 were lower than those of the other two varieties under Cr stress.Xinmai 19 had a stronger ability to resist the Cr stress than the others.Fig 3,Tab 1,Ref 20


The method of photon-counting integral imaging has been introduced recently for three-dimensional object sensing, visualization, recognition and classification of scenes under photon-starved conditions. This paper presents an information-theoretic model for the photon-counting imaging (PCI) method, thereby providing a rigorous foundation for the merits of PCI in terms of image fidelity. This, in turn, can facilitate our understanding of the demonstrated success of photon-counting integral imaging in compressive imaging and classification. The mutual information between the source and photon-counted images is derived in a Markov random field setting and normalized by the source-image's entropy, yielding a fidelity metric that is between zero and unity, which respectively corresponds to complete loss of information and full preservation of information. Calculations suggest that the PCI fidelity metric increases with spatial correlation in source image, from which we infer that the PCI method is particularly effective for source images with high spatial correlation; the metric also increases with the reduction in photon-number uncertainty. As an application to the theory, an image-classification problem is considered showing a congruous relationship between the fidelity metric and classifier's performance. Discussion of the optics of a new 3-d imaging system, " Appl. Enhanced viewing-angle integral imaging by multiple-axis telecentric relay system, " Opt. Progress in 3-d multiperspective display by integral imaging, " Proc. " 3D display system using a computer-generated integral photograph, " Jpn. High resolution digital photography by use of a scanning microlens array, " Appl. Comparison of infrared up conversion methods for photon-limited imaging, " J. reconstruction algorithms for emission and transmission tomography, " J. Comput. " Maximum-likelihood estimation of an astronomical image from a sequence at low photon levels, " J. Three-dimensional visualization by photon counting computational integral imaging, " Opt. Express 16, 4426–4436 (2008). 28. I. Moon and B. Javidi, " Three-dimensional recognition of photon starved events using computational integral imaging and statistical sampling, " Opt.


[ Evaluation of risks related to the use of pharmaceutical and parapharmaceutical herbal products] The increasing interest in natural and complementary products for the treatment of many different diseases leads to important concern about their safety. Phytotherapy and dietary supplementation with herbal products can be useful in clinical practice, but health care professionals should carefully consider a comprehensive clinical risk assessment. Recognition of adverse events related to the use of medicinal herbs should involve a complete analysis of their main characteristics, together with the assessment of patients' clinical conditions, concomitant drug intake and history of use. This process is important, not only because it may prevent adverse events, but also to improve pharmacovigilance reports.