Two fundamentally different phases of social development in archaic Scandinavia can be identified. Judging by the fact that the long house of frame construction of the patrilocal extended family, who had been keeping an oðal for generations, emerged in the early Scandinavian Bronze Age around 1800 BC and existed for three millennia, including the so-called "Viking Age", it is possible to assume that the traditional Scandinavian society of bonds had existed all this time until 1179–1180 in Denmark. The odel system had developed; this land was inherited by males and passed down from generation to generation. Often three generations of relatives — the head of the oðal with his wife and his adult sons with their wives and children as well as numerous household members and house slaves — lived under the same roof in a long house with central rectangular hearths along the axis. The king had the right to call out militia of bonds, which under the leadership of its leaders — strong and wealthy bonds — was quite capable of resisting the king's not large squad and often dictated terms to it. The kings were chosen at þings — assemblies of armed men of districts where legal issues were settled. The formation of early medieval states in Denmark took place in the last quarter of the 12th century. The king Valdemar and Bishop Absalon after a period of the so-called "civil wars" supported by professional heavy cavalry defeated the militia and disarmed bonds, who were now assigned only agriculture work, taxes to the crown and the church and service to the new feudal lords.


We report a case of peritonitis in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient with an unusual bacterium known as group Ve-2. This is the first reported case of peritonitis attributable to this organism and only the second well-documented case of infection with this organism in the English literature.


Mouse epidermis and HEL30 keratinocytes contain cellular binding sites for the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CsA). Phorbol ester-induced DNA synthesis and tumor promotion in mouse skin is strongly suppressed by CsA. The anti-tumor effect of CsA is not the consequence of destruction of initiated cells. CsA selectively inhibits the phosphorylation in vitro of a protein with the relative molecular mass of 100 kd in mouse epidermis and HEL30 cytosol. The CsA-suppressible phosphorylation in vitro does not depend on the addition of Ca2+, phospholipid and the phorbol ester TPA.


As automation in the financial service industry continues to advance, online investment advice has emerged as an exciting new field. Vital to the accuracy of such service is the determination of th ...


We show that no Markovian coupling argument can prove rapid mixing of the Jerrum-Sinclair Markov chain for sampling almost uniformly from the set of perfect and near perfect matchings of a given graph. In particular, we show that there exists a bipartite graph G such that any Markovian coupling argument on the Jerrum-Sinclair Markov chain for G must necessarily take time exponential in the number of vertices in G. This holds even when the coupling argument is time-variant, i.e., the transition probabilities used by the coupling process depend upon the history of the process. In contrast, the above Markov chain on G has been shown to mix in polynomial time using conductance arguments.


The logistics management,especially the one under the supply chain environment,is on the way of start,most enterprises haven't gotten rid of the planned economy "the longitudinal integration" management pattern.In order to enable the enterprise group fast entry with the adaptation competition day by day intense international market need,this article planned to research and the analysis international enterprise group's main content and function of logistics management under supplies chain environment under the international business environment.In view of the facts that our country enterprise group's logistics management development has lower beginning and level,and the logistics infrastructure is imperfect,the logistics managerial technique backward present situation,this article has analyzed our country enterprise group logistics development situation and the existence question,and the logistics management's new characteristics has pointed out the solution under the supply chain environment.


Spaceflight induces physiological deconditioning, despite extensive exercise countermeasures. Furthermore, post-flight orthostatic intolerance (OI) and visual impairment and intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome; possibly related
to venous congestion (VC) suggest more holistic countermeasures, such as artificial gravity (AG) short-arm human centrifugation (SAHC) are warranted. SAHC may reduce OI and VIIP incidence through headward fluid
shift/pressure reversal; and thus beneficial effects on cerebral hemodynamics. Therefore, this thesis examined how peripheral fluid shifts, induced by various orthostatic challenges, affect central, peripheral, and cerebral hemodynamics, including indices of VC, in healthy participants. Study one induced 5 min bilateral lower-limb venous cuff occlusion (VCO) up to 120mmHg in nine participants. VCO produced significant increments in leg
volume (41-158mL;p<0.05); however, HR and cerebral tissue oxygenation (cTSI) were unchanged, suggesting an inadequate orthostatic challenge. Study two involved twenty participants experiencing 10 min SAHC to 2.4+Gz footlevel with increased g-gradients; specifically, moving rotational axis Position (RAP), independent of g-level, towards the body. Increasing SAHC g-gradients reduced the HR response and increased g-tolerance (χ2(1, n=20)=8.57;p=0.003), similar to decreasing g-level. Heart-level-RAP did not improve cTSI as hypothesised, possibly due to VC. Thus, study three used 5 min head-down tilt (HDT) to -24° and -40mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP) on sixteen participants to evaluate VC during headward fluid shifts HDT induced significant VC below -12° p<0.05), abolished with -40mmHg LBNP (107±11 vs. 1±5mm2;p<0.05), and increased cerebral blood flow when
LBNP-peripheral and HDT-headward fluid shifts balanced (-0.71±0.56 vs. 4.12±1.36cm.s-1;p=0.013).
This thesis suggests that VCO is a poor model of ravitational fluid shifting but large g-gradient SAHC, via heart-level-RAP, is effective; and crucially, more tolerable at higher g-levels. VC may play an important role in crogravity fluid shift related OI and VIIP, which -6° bed rest studies fail to induce. Thus, AG with optimal RAP and VC amelioration, may be a tolerable and effective
spaceflight countermeasure.


This paper dealt with the frequency analysis of acoustic signals generated by partial discharge (PD) in insulation oil and the positioning of PD occurrence to apply in the diagnosis of oil insulated transformers. We assembled three types of electrode system; the needle-plane, the plane-plane, and the floating to simulate partial discharge in insulation oil. An acoustic signal detection device was designed to detect acoustic signal with high sensitivity. As a result of frequency spectrum analysis, the frequency ranges of acoustic signal were 70 kHz~210 kHz in the needle-plane, 80 kHz~270 kHz in the plane-plane, and 60 kHz~193 kHz in the floating electrode. Their main frequencies were 132 kHz, 130 kHz and 126 kHz, respectively. The position of PD occurrence was calculated by the time difference of arrival (TOA) using three acoustic emission (AE) sensors and we could find the position about the error of 1% in the experimental apparatus.


Background: Incontinence associated dermatitis (IAD) occurs when urine or stool comes into contact with perineal or perigenital skin. IAD is a challenge for ICU nurses. There are several IAD care guidelines in the literature, but still remained in the paper stage. Objective: The aim of this study was to pilot test the feasibility of implementing the IAD clinical guidelines into the nursing information system (NIS) to improve prevention and care of IAD for ICU patients. Methods: A three stage designed research was conducted, in the first stage a systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA and PICO guidelines to develop an evidence-based clinical guideline for IAD patients in ICU. Seven electronic databases were searched for clinical studies and guidelines, and the quality of included study was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institutes' appraisal tools. In the second stage, the research and nursing informatics team was formed and a computerized nursing record system was designed to integrate the guideline knowledge and NIS. In the third stage, evaluate the feasibility of the computerized nursing record system using a self-developed questionnaires based on the technology acceptance model for evaluating the nurses' perception of the system, content validity was examined, and the reliability of the instrument was tested, and patients' IAD prevalence rates was monitored. The participants in this stage were 4 adult ICU patients and nurses. Results: In stage one, 35 articles were reviewed by two independent reviewers, 12 articles met the inclusion criteria; 2 clinical guidelines, 4 randomized controlled trials, and 6 systematic reviews, data was extracted and synthesized by a research team. Based on the evidence combined with 2 stoma care experts' opinions the draft recommendations and accompanying guideline was proposed. The draft document was reviewed and confirmed at 3 consensus meetings attended by 21 senior nurses from 4 ICUs. In this guideline included 4 domains that provided information about general information, assessment tools, severity, preventive and treatment strategies for IAD. In stage two, the system requirement analysis and design the IAD care flow based on the 5 steps of nursing process mainly included: (1) Perineal Risk Assessment Tool was used in the assessment stage (2) Incontinence Associated Dermatitis Severity (IADS) was used to analyse the IAD severity. (3) The linkage of severity stage in accordance with nursing care plan. (4) The preventive and treatment interventions in IAD nursing care plan were classified based on severity stages. (5) The outcome was evaluated using IADS. In stage three, after IRB approved, 63 ICU patients were recruited in this study, the prevalence rate was 17.4%. The nurses' perception of the system was evaluated in 3 directions: (1) 79% nurses' perceived the system were ease of use. (2) 85% nurses' perceived the system were useful. (3) 88% nurses' perceived the system were fit the task. Discussion/Conclusion: According to the results of this study, implementing the IAD clinical guidelines into (NIS) was practical to simplifying clinic working procedure and effective in communicating and documenting IAD nursing care information.


ABSTRACT In this opinion paper, the authors discuss historical and etymological aspects of the term "migrânea" and refute the most common criticisms regarding its adoption by the Brazilian Headache Society in the official translation of the International Classification of Headache Disorders.


When Zou Hao, a poet of North Song Dynasty, governed Zhao Prefecture of Guangxi, he composed a large amount of poems, reflecting his situations of governing Zhao Prefecture, writing down its historic figures and legends, and recording his relationship with the local people and other people who held positions in Zhao Prefecture.


N-Cycloalkyl-N-nitrosotosylamides 1a-c with three-, four- and five-membered cycloalkyl groups have been photolysed in CFCl3. The cyclopropyl derivative 1a isomerises to 2a, an imine containing a C-nitroso group, by successive N-NO homolysis and overall migration of the nitroso group from nitrogen to carbon (cf. Scheme 2). In methanol the solvent adds to the imine double bond. The cyclopentyl derivative 1c does not undergo isomerisation at all, but after N-NO homolysis, the remaining radical 4c eliminates β-hydrogen from the ring, thus forming the imine 7c with an unruptured ring. Alternatively, the radical 4c abstracts hydrogen from the solvent to give the N-cyclopentyl-sulfonamide 6c (cf. Scheme 3).

The cyclobutyl derivative 1b takes an intermediate position, and is therefore incorporated in both schemes. It shows a strong influence of the temperature (−10° to −80°) on the ratio of ring-closed vs. ring-opened products (cf. Table I).

Quenching experiments suggest that in all cases products are derived from singlet excited states.


Si sensors in future high-energy physics experiments will encounter an extremely harsh radiation environment. In lepton colliders, the dominant background from electron–positron pairs can be managed with modern Si technology, but there is also a potentially dangerous neutron background. Specifically, the estimated neutron background is around 1–1.6 × 1010 1-MeV equivalent neutrons cm−2 year−1 for the Si microstrip sensors to be used in the innermost vertex detectors of the International Linear Collider (ILC). This causes bulk damage in the Si sensors due to the non-ionization energy loss and is of much greater importance in determining the viability of their long-term operation. For reliable operation, such sensors will need to operate at high reverse biases, far beyond the full depletion voltages, which can lead to the sensor breakdown. Multi-guard ring structures have evolved as a powerful technique to improve the breakdown performance of these sensors. In this work, a comprehensive approach towards the understanding of multi-guard ring structures is followed by simulating several structures with different layouts. The potential and field distributions help in optimizing design parameters.


ABSTRACT The influence of controlling shareholder characteristics on corporate risk has been a popular topic for discussion in academic and theoretical circles. However, current research lacks systematic and quantitative conclusions based on predictive ability, as it only focuses on the causal relationship between a single characteristic of the controlling shareholder and corporate risk. This paper utilizes the back propagation neural network based on gray wolf algorithm (GWO-BP) method in the machine learning algorithm for the first time and takes the listed companies that publicly issue bonds in the Chinese bond market as a research sample. It summarizes the qualities of controlling shareholders from the perspective of controlling shareholders' risk-taking and benefits expropriation and examines multi-dimensional controlling shareholder characteristics for predicting the debt default risk of companies. This research established that: (1) Overall, the characteristics of controlling shareholders can improve the ability to predict the debt default of a company; (2) The features of the investment portfolio of the controlling shareholder have a higher degree of predicting the debt default risk of a company,while the properties of equity structure and related transactions have a lower degree of predicting the risk of corporate debt default.This research not only uses machine learning methods to study controlling shareholders in China from a more comprehensive perspective but also provides a useful incentive for bondholders to protect their interests.


Since it was discovered in 1928, the Dirac equation is understood to admit 4x1 component wavefunctions. We demonstrate here that this same equation also admits 4x4 component wavefunctions.


The aim of this work was to develop a user-friendly Excel interface to adjust the yields of an extraction column. Moreover, this program cou ld simulate the dynamic concentration profiles inside the column, being a u sef l teaching tool. The model comprises non-stationary mass balances for the reco vered compounds in both phases (solid and supercritical CO 2). The model was tested by reproducing the extracti on of two samples: sesame seeds and coffee beans (average dev iations of 7.41% and 10.35%, respectively). These samples were selected to demon strate the feasibility of reproducing processes whose mass transfer limitation is differe nt. Thus, for the sesame seeds, the extraction process was controlled by both the exter nal mass transfer and oil solubility, since the seeds were grinded. On the contrary, for coffee grains, the internal diffusion controls the extraction as the whole grain is requi red. Regarding solubility, a Henry's linear relation between solid and CO 2 concentration was assumed.


People make tradeoffs between paid and unpaid labor, and in straight households, women typically do the lion's share of unpaid labor, including household-serving travel. Nearly all of the previous research on this topic is limited to married heterosexual households with children, a surprisingly small and shrinking portion of the population. Using the 2003-12 American Time Use Survey, The authors explore how household-serving labor and travel vary across household types in the U.S. They examine the paid and unpaid labor tradeoffs made by partnered gay and lesbian couples with and without children, and find that their division of paid and unpaid labor, as well as household-serving travel, occupies a statistical middle ground between straight men and women. This suggests that the gendered nature of paid and unpaid work and travel is muted in the absence of a two-sex household structure, and that sex more than sexuality defines the division of household-serving labor and related travel.


Energy Router has received lots of attention in a great amount of applications due to its powerful functionality and great flexibility. Capacitor charging strategy plays a key role in the operation of energy router. The focus is on the submodule applied in the hybrid multilevel energy router in this paper. The submodule is constituted of a three-level rectifier and an isolated DC-DC converter in which a three-level converter and an H-bridge converter are respectively used in the primary and secondary side of the high frequency transformer. The mentioned situations cause the complexity of the startup process. This paper proposes a mathematical model of charging process for a single submodule as well as a startup strategy with the key feature of constant peak transformer current, which performs well on both peak charging current and charging time. In the energy router, all submodules have identical structure and share the same strategy. The proposed startup strategy can also be applied to other energy routers with similar topologies. Both the mathematical model and the startup strategy have been verified by simulations.


As a Cloud computing platform, Hadoop has huge advantages in Data mining. The main aspects of Hadoop for data mining are discussed. A technical framework for big data mining based on Hadoop is analyzed.


These guidelines describe the roles of home or alternate-site infusion service providers and pharmacies (hereinafter "home infusion service providers" and "home infusion pharmacies") and provide guidance on how to successfully work with a home infusion service provider in continuing care


Principal neurons of the mature medial superior olive (MSO) are known for a phasic, temporally precise and brief response to binaural inputs; however, we observed that immature MSO neurons have slow membrane time constants and even exhibit burst spiking to unilateral excitatory inputs. We found that the maturation of a hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated current called Ih is one of the important underlying changes responsible for the maturation of MSO properties. We observed that in the post-natal development around hearing onset Ih kinetics hasten, the total conductance increases ten fold and quite surprisingly, the VAC shifts in the depolarized direction by 30 mV. Along with an increase in the conductance of low voltage activated potassium channels (IK-LVA) after hearing onset (Scott et al., 2005), a combination of increased gh and shifted VAC, makes 100 fold more Ih available at the resting potential. Using bilateral synaptic stimulation of varying inter-stimulus intervals, we assessed the coincidence window of MSO neurons and found that blocking Ih in the adult gerbils results in a 3-fold increase in the synaptic-coincidence window. In adult MSO neurons we found that the VAC of Ih is sensitive to P38MAP kinase and


A random access method for multimedia broadcast multicast service(MBMS) is provided to prevent the overhead and the waste of resources generating during the uplink connection process of the User Equipment(UE) related to the MBMS. The base station(eNB) transmits the first message counting the UE for receiving the MBMS to the UE in order to provide the specific MBMS(S51). The UE attempts the uplink connection to participate in the MBMS counting process by the eNB, in order to receives the specific MBMS(S52). If the random access preamble is received successfully, the eNB transmits the second message in response to the preamble to the UE(S53). The UE receives the second message in response to the preamble and transmits the third message to the eNB(S54). The eNB transmits the collision resolution message to the UE(S55).


We present PyOpenDial, a Python-based domain-independent, open-source toolkit for spoken dialogue systems. Recent advances in core components of dialogue systems, such as speech recognition, language understanding, dialogue management, and language generation, harness deep learning to achieve state-of-the-art performance. The original OpenDial, implemented in Java, provides a plugin architecture to integrate external modules, but lacks Python bindings, making it difficult to interface with popular deep learning frameworks such as Tensorflow or PyTorch. To this end, we re-implemented OpenDial in Python and extended the toolkit with a number of novel functionalities for neural dialogue state tracking and action planning. We describe the overall architecture and its extensions, and illustrate their use on an example where the system response model is implemented with a recurrent neural network.


This paper presents two different wire-bond transitions, a wideband from DC up to 67 GHz and a narrowband, working at the free-licensed ISM band around 60 GHz, which are suitable for multilayer System-in-Package (SiP) and Multi-Chip-Module (MCM) applications. An aluminium oxide ceramic (Al2O3) RF test chip is assembled in a small cavity on the low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) material DuPont 9k7. An automatic ball-wedge bonder is used for thermosonic gold wire bonding. A return loss better than -10 dB from DC up to 54 GHz for the wideband and better than -10 dB for the narrowband transition, having a 6 GHz bandwidth in the 60 GHz ISM band, as well as an insertion loss of <;1 dB at 60 GHz were achieved for both transitions during measurements.


Cardiotoxin II exerts a powerful, but incomplete and irreversible, inhibitory action on the lysis of killed cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus by egg-white lysozyme (N-acetylmuramide glucanohydrolase, EC 22.214.171.124). The antibiotics thiostrepton, a macrocyclic lactone, as well as the antibacterially inactive corresponding open chain compound and polymyxin B are found to act in the same manner. But antibiotics such as gramicidin Dubos, gramicidin S. etamycin, the antibacterially active triformyl derivative of polymyxin and the nearly inactive tetraformyl derivative of polymyxin B do not demonstrate any inhibitory action on lysozyme-induced lysis.


Bruce Springsteen has demonstrated a topical interest in crime and lawbreaking throughout his career as a singer-songwriter. His creative practice in this area challenges how we treat and understand criminals, and his counterhegemonic humanism powerfully reminds us of the fundamentals of a genuinely humanitarian social order.


OINK! OINK! When Albert pinches a Mars Bar from a girl's lunch-box at school, his grandmother - Nan Tucker - is very worried. She says that his greediness means that next time he's out in the sun, he will turn into a were-pig - half human, half pig and very very greedy! Will Albert grow a curly tail? Will his feet turn into trotters? A hilarious story about greediness from the bestselling author, Paul Stewart.


It becomes possible to utilize a heat energy efficiently and utilize a poor-quality fuel actively. Disclosed is a fuel treatment system (1) comprising a database (DB) (2), a control unit (3), an adjustment means (4), and a drying treatment facility (300). In the treatment system (1), the temperature of a hot gas supplied from a hot gas supply facility is adjusted by the adjustment means (4) that is controlled by the control unit (3). The control in the control unit (3) is achieved on the basis of the information on the water content in the fuel and the information on the ignition temperature that have been stored in the DB (2). The hot gas of which the temperature has been adjusted is used for the drying treatment of a fuel in the drying treatment facility (300).


Martingale solutions of stochastic Navier-Stokes equations in 2D and 3D possibly unbounded domains, driven by the L\'evy noise consisting of the compensated time homogeneous Poisson random measure and the Wiener process are considered. Using the classical Faedo-Galerkin approximation and the compactness method we prove existence of a martingale solution. We prove also the compactness and tighness criteria in a certain space contained in some spaces of c\`adl\`ag functions, weakly c\`adl\`ag functions and some Fr\'echet spaces. Moreover, we use a version of the Skorokhod Embedding Theorem for nonmetric spaces.


Abstract : This project examines the motion and aerodynamic data associated with dynamic wind tunnel tests. Historically, the aerodynamic data measured with dynamic testing has not correlated well with actual flight data, and in general has not been used in system simulations for aircrew training or flight analysis. An improved data reduction method is presented to extract signal data from dynamic tests. The reduction method applies a Fourier series approximation fit to oscillatory data, and a linear regression fit to steady state data. Both methods provide good signal extraction and data smoothing. Additionally, the report documents methods and equations developed by Juri Kalviste for the handling, analysis, and simulation of dynamic data. A prototype software program has been developed to exercise the reduction methods. The program uses a new modeling architecture that enables rapid, seamless incorporation of alternative reduction or aerodynamic modeling methods.


Background To compare quality of life during treatment in children and adolescents with tibial fracture treated with either a definitive cast or Ilizarov frame. Methods A prospective, longitudinal ...


Compared with the western countries,Chinese listed companies have different market conditions and institutional background for equity incentive.In terms of its implementation effect,there are two different conclusions.Since a real sense of Incentive compatibility mechanism of equity incentive was just carried out in 2006 in Chinese listed companies,this paper makes empirical research on the incentive effects in different excitation patterns and the relationship between equity incentive and corporate performance,adopting the independent sample T test,paired samples T test and multi-variable linear regression analysis methods,based on the annual report from 2005 to 2012.The research shows that though the implementation of equity incentive promotes the corporate performance in some way,the effect is not obvious,and stock options makes a slightly better incentive effect than restricted stock.


A functional beverage in the form of solid, suspension or semi-transparent emulsion is prepared from wild hibiscus and its near relations, and features unique nutrients and taste and the effect of building body and beautifying.


【Rejection is one of the life-threatening complications after organ transplantation. An eight-month-old, intact male, mixed breed dog was presented with acute rejection after renal allograft. The heterotopic renal transplantation with bilateral nephrectomy was performed in the dog. The triple drug protocol for immunosuppression was applied for prevention of the acute rejection. Postoperative care was done according to the transplantation protocol of VMTH, Kangwon National University. The dog was euthanized when the serum creatinine concentration exceeded 5 mg/dL followed by tile signs of illness. The transplanted kidney was enlarged. The renal cortex lesions were characterized by necrosis of the renal tubules and the glomeruli. Interstitial lesions were characterized by hemorrhage and severe infiltration of lymphoid cells. Intrarenal arteries showed necrosis of the walls and infiltration of perivascular lymphoid cells. In immunohistochemical (IHC) findings, infiltration of the CD4 and the CD8 positive T lymphocytes was examined. In this case, acute rejection was shown by humoral and cellular immunity on the basis of histopathologic and IHC evaluation.】


The linkage part has the features as small and complicated structure,hard to measure the dimensions,many positions need to process,has strict requirements on position tolerances and hard to control during machining. This article describes the process design ideas and the concrete contents of this part on the basis of the structural characteristics and the precision requirements of the parts. And then this paper introduces the performance of the machining equipment UCP600 and the structural characteristic of the special fixture in detail. Meanwhile it points out the effect and significant of the application of PRO/E software. Finally,it provides a good solution for the machining of small parts with more faces and more positions need to be manufactured.


In this paper we report the synthesis, microstructure, electric properties and gas sensing performance of perovskite material of the form BaSnO3 powder in form of a thick film resistor, Said powder was prepared by mechano-chemical method. Thick films were prepared by simple screen-printing method. The films were surface modified by TiO2 by dipping technique. The characterization of the films was done by XRD, SEM and TGA. Peaks of the XRD pattern reveal the formation of compound BaSnO3. Crystallite size, electric properties and gas sensitivity of the films were measured and presented here. Pure film was found to respond presence of CO2 at elevated temperature of about 400°C, whereas when films are surface modified, response gets shifted to H2S at lower temperature of about 300°C.


Cells couple their growth and division rate in response to nutrient availability to maintain a constant size. This co-ordination happens either at the G1-S or the G2-M transition of the cell cycle. In the rod-shaped fission yeast, size regulation happens at the G2-M transition prior to mitotic commitment. Recent studies have focused on the role of the DYRK-family protein kinase Pom1, which forms gradients emanating from cell poles and inhibits the mitotic activator kinase Cdr2, present at the cell middle. Pom1 was proposed to inhibit Cdr2 until cells reached a critical size before division. However when and where Pom1 inhibits Cdr2 is not clear as medial Pom1 levels do not change during cell elongation. Here I show that Pom1 gradients are susceptible to environmental changes in glucose. Specifically, upon glucose limitation, Pom1 re-localizes from the poles to the cell sides where it delays mitosis through regulating Cdr2. This re-localization occurs due to microtubule de- stabilization and lateral catastrophes leading to transient deposition of the Pom1 gradient nucleator Tea4 along the cell cortex. As Tea4 localization to cell sides is sufficient to recruit Pom1, this explains the mechanism of Pom1 re-localization. Microtubule destabilization and consequently Tea4 and Pom1 spread depends on the activity of the cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase A (PKA/Pka1), as pka1 mutant cells have stable microtubules and retain polar Tea4 and Pom1 under limited glucose. PKA signaling negatively regulates the microtubule rescue factor CLASP/Cls1, thus reducing its ability to stabilize microtubules. Thus PKA signaling tunes CLASP activity to promote microtubule de-stabilization and Pom1 re-localization upon glucose limitation. I show that the side-localized Pom1 delays mitosis and balances the role of the mitosis promoting, mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) protein Sty1. Thus Pom1 re-localization may serve to buffer cell size upon glucose limitation.
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Afin de maintenir une taille constante, les cellules regulent leur croissance ainsi que leur taux de division selon les nutriments disponibles dans le milieu. Dans la levure fissipare, cette regulation de la taille precede l'engagement mitotique et se fait a la transition entre les phases G2 a M du cycle cellulaire. Des etudes recentes se sont focalisees sur le role de la proteine Pom1, membre de la famille des DYRK kinase. Celle-ci forme un gradient provenant des poles de la cellule et inhibe l'activateur mitotique Cdr2 present au centre de la cellule. Le model propose que Pom1 inhibe Cdr2 jusqu'a atteindre une taille critique avant la division. Cependant quand et a quel endroit dans la cellulle Pom1 inhibe Cdr2 n'etait pas clair car les niveaux medians de Pom1 ne changent pas au cours de la l'elongation des cellules. Dans cette etude, je montre que les gradients de Pom1 sont sensibles aux changements environnementaux du taux de glucose. Plus specifiquement, en conditions limitantes de glucose, Pom1 se relocalise des poles de la cellule pour se distribuer sur les cotes de celle-ci. Par consequent, un delai d'entree en mitose est observe du a l'inhibition Cdr2 par Pom1. Cette delocalisation est due a la destabilisation des microtubules qui va conduire a une deposition transitoire de Tea4, le nucleateur du gradient de Pom1, tout au long du cortex de la cellule. Comme la localisation de Tea4 sur les cotes de la cellule est suffisante pour recruter la proteine Pom1, ceci explique le mecanisme de relocalisation de celle-ci. La destabilisation des microtubules et par consequent la diffusion de Tea4 et Pom1 dependent de l'activite de la proteine kinase A dependante de l'AMP cyclique (PKA/Pka1). En absence de pka1, la stabilite des microtubules n'est pas affectee ce qui permet la retention de Tea4 et Pom1 aux poles de la cellule meme en conditions limitantes de glucose. La signalisation via PKA regule negativement le facteur de sauvetage des microtubules CLASP/Cls1 et permet donc de reduire sa fonction de destabilisation des microtubules. Ainsi la signalisation via PKA affine l'activite des CLASP pour promouvoir la destabilisation des microtubules et la relocalisation de Pom1 en conditions limitantes de glucose. Je montre que la localisation sur les cotes retarde l'entree en mitose et compense l'action de la proteine Sty1, connue pour etre une MAPK qui induit l'entree en mitose. Ainsi, la relocalisation de Pom1 pourrait servir a tamponner la taille de la cellule en condition limitantes de glucose.
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Various cell types in the environment such as bacterial, plant or animal cells have a distinct cellular size. Maintaining a constant cell size is important for fitness in unicellular organisms and for diverse functions in multicellular organisms. Cells regulate their size by coordinating their growth rate to their division rate. This coupling is important otherwise cells would get progressively smaller or larger after each successive cell cycle. In their natural environment cells may face fluctuations in the available nutrient supply. Thus cells have to coordinate their division rate to the variable growth rates shown under different nutrient conditions. During my PhD, I worked with a single-celled rod shaped yeast called the fission yeast. These cells are longer when the nutrient supply is abundant and shorter when the nutrient supply is scarce. A protein that senses changes in the external carbon source (glucose) is called Protein Kinase A (PKA). The rod shape of fission yeast cells is maintained thanks to a structural backbone called the cytoskeleton. One of the components of this backbone is called microtubules, which are small tube like structures spanning the length of the cell. They transport a protein called Tea4, which in turn is important for the proper localization of another protein Pom1 to the cell ends. Pom1 helps to maintain proper shape and size of these rod shaped yeast cells.
My thesis work showed that upon reduction in the external nutrient (glucose) levels, microtubules become less stable and show an alteration in their organization. A significant percentage of the microtubules contact the side of the cell instead of touching only the cell tip. This leads to the spreading of the protein Pom1 away from the tips all around the cell periphery. This helps fission yeast cells to maintain the proper size required under these conditions of limited glucose supply. I further showed that the protein PKA regulates microtubule stability and organization and thus Pom1 spreading and maintenance of proper cell size. Thus my work led to the discovery of a novel pathway by which fission yeast cells maintain their size under limited supply of glucose.
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Divers types cellulaires dans l'environnement tels que les bacteries, les plantes ou les cellules animales ont une taille precise. Le maintien d'une taille cellulaire constante est importante pour le fitness des organismes unicellulaire ainsi que pour multiples fonctions dans les organismes multicellulaires. Les cellules regulent leur taille en coordonnant le taux de croissance avec le taux de division. Ce couplage est essentiel sinon les cellules deviendraient progressivement plus petites ou plus grandes apres chaque cycle cellulaire. Dans leur habitat naturels les cellules peuvent faire face a des fluctuations dans le taux de nutriment disponible. Les cellules doivent donc coordonner leur taux de division aux taux variables de croissances percus dans les differentes conditions nutritionnels.
Pendant ma these, j'ai travaillee sur une levure unicellulaire, en forme de bâtonnet, nomme levure fissipare ou levure de fission. La taille de ces cellules est plus grande quand le taux de nutriments est grand et plus courte quand celui-ci est plus faible. Une proteine qui percoit les changements dans le taux externe de la source de carbone (glucose) est nommee PKA pour proteine kinase A. La forme en bâtonnet de la cellule est due aux caracteres structuraux du cytosquelette. Une composante importante de ce cytosquelette sont les microtubules, dont la structures ressemble a des petit tubes qui vont d'un bout a l'autre de la cellule. Ces microtubules transportent une proteine importante nommee Tea4 qui a leur tour importante pour la bonne localisation d'une autre proteine Pom1 aux extremites de la cellule. La proteine Pom1 aide a maintenir la taille appropriee des levures fissipares.
Mon travail de these a montre qu'en presence de taux faible de nutriments (glucose) les microtubules deviennent de moins en moins stables et montrent une desorganisation globale. Un pourcentage significatif des microtubules touche les cotes de la cellule aux lieu d'atteindre uniquement les extremites. Ceci a pour consequence une diffusion de Pom1 tout au long du cortex de la cellule. Ceci aide les levures fissipares a maintenir la taille appropriee pendant ce stress nutritionnel. De plus, je montre que PKA regule la stabilite et l'organisation des microtubules et par consequent la diffusion de Pom1 et le maintien d'une taille constante. En conclusion, mon travail a conduit a la decouverte d'un nouveau mecanisme par lequel la levure fissipare maintient sa taille dans des conditions limitantes en glucose.


The ID21 x-ray microscopy beamline at the ESRF has two branchlines: one is dedicated to scanning microscopy techniques and the second to full-field imaging microscopy. The scanning x-ray microscope end station is designed for use over a relatively wide spectral range ranging from 0.2 to 8keV giving access to absorption edges from a wide range of elements of interest in both the biological and materials sciences. The microscope is operating initially with Fresnel zone plate optics and, apart from conventional absorption contrast imaging, is designed to accept a variety of complementary imaging modes. In particular considerable effort has been made to optimize the design for spectromicroscopy using both fluorescence imaging and scanning of the primary x-ray probe energy for XANES imaging. A brief overview of the beamline design is given. This is followed by a discussion of the implications of both the source characteristics and the required wide spectral range upon the optical design of the microscope and, leading from this, the technological choices which have been made. Preliminary results obtained with the microscope are presented.


The summary deals with the recently published (May 2009) book on the political myth in Carl Schmitt' works. The team of the authors, with a great deal of criticism towards Schmitt, tend to infer his cryptonacism out of the preconception of the political myth. The summary traces in details the strong and week sides of such an approach.


Ionic silver is extracted from photographic fixing solu tions by electrolytic plating on a removably fixed cath ode plate of an electrode assembly connected in series with a fixed resistor to a voltage source from which plating current is drawn. The plating current is correc tively changed by detection logic in response to exces sive variation in the electrolytic resistance of the liquid beyond a threshold limit established through a pro grammed reference voltage generator that is calibrated to match the chemistry of the particular liquid being electrolytically processed.


Novel drug delivery system is one of the frontier areas of research towards achieving an innovative technique for drug administration which can improve drug safety, therapeutic efficacy, stability and selflife of an active drug. Over the past few decades, it is chosen as an important area of research to develop innovative methods for the health sector and pharmaceutical industries. Fast dissolving oral films (FDOFs) in the year of 1970 initiated as an alternative to the existing drug delivery system such as tablet, capsule, parenteral, syrup, emulsion, cream and ointment. FDOFs are one of the most popular drug delivery system due to its flexibility and comfort of use. These films have a potential to absorb the drug through oral buccal mucosa and directly enter to the systemic circulation by fast-pass metabolism. These films have a potential to provide better drug utilization by delivering systemically through intra-gastric and sublingual. These films are gaining popularity due to rapid drug absorption and immediate onset of action within a few minutes of administration in buccal cavity. FDOFs are very convenient to pediatric, geriatric and bedridden patient who faces difficulty in swallow. FDOFs can be used for the treatment of common cold, mouth ulcer, cardiac problem, sore throat and allergic conditions etc. These films can be formulated by simple methods using several ingredients such as polymers, active medicaments, stabilizing agent, surfactants, sweetening agent, flavoring agent coloring agent and saliva stimulating agent. Evaluation of FDOFs can be done by checking several parameters such as thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, percentage of elongation anddisintegration test. Additionally, drug content and dissolution test are carried out to determine amount of active World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 6, 237-252. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105 *Corresponding Author Dr. S.K. Ershadul Haque Department of Pharmaceutics, Narayana


The quest for more efficient and accurate computational electromagnetics (CEM) techniques has been vital in the design of modern engineering. The present paper proposes a novel approach for analyzing electrically large, geometrically complicated structures that involve complex materials, by systematically exploiting local or global mirror, translational or rotational symmetries in the geometry. The method is based on a recently developed domain decomposition (DD) methodology. In this work, the DD is used in conjunction with a state-of-the-art higher-order tangential vector finite element method (TVFEM) in the frequency domain. After the computational domain has been decomposed into a set of domains, each of them is discretize independently and, finally, through the DD process, are joined back together to obtain the overall solution.


Introduction The 'Online elicitation of Personal Utility Functions' (OPUF) is a new method for valuing health states. It is based on compositional preference elicitation techniques. In contrast to established, decompositional techniques, such as time trade-off or discrete choice experiment (DCE), the OPUF approach does not require hundreds or thousands of respondents, but allows estimating utility functions for small (patient) groups and even on the individual level. The objective of this study was to generate and compare EQ-5D-5L value sets on the societal-, group-, subgroup-, and individual-level. Methods A demonstration version of the EQ-5D-5L OPUF Tool is available at: https://eq5d5l.me. It broadly consists of three valuation steps: dimension weighting, level rating, and anchoring. Responses were combined on the individual level to construct personal utility functions. Every respondent also completed three conventional DCEs. Preferences were aggregated across individuals to estimate a societal and various group-level preference functions. We then assessed the heterogeneity of preferences between groups using descriptive statistics and k-means cluster analysis. Results A representative sample (n = 1,000) of the United Kingdom (UK) population was recruited through the prolific online platform. On average, it took participants about 7 minutes to complete the survey. Data of 874 respondents were included in the analysis. For each respondent, we constructed a personal EQ-5D-5L value set. The derived utility functions predicted respondents' choices in DCE with an accuracy of 78 percent. On the societal level, the predicted values for the EQ-5D-5L health states ranged from -0.376 to 1. Health state preference varied greatly between groups. This was largely due to differences in the anchoring, while there was near consensus on the relative importance of the five EQ-5D dimensions between groups. Demographic characteristics explained only a small proportion of the variability. Conclusions Using the OPUF approach, we were not only able to estimate a new EQ-5D-5L value set for the UK, but also to examine the underlying individual preferences in an unprecedented level of detail.


How do healthcare executives stay passionate about coming to work and keeping things positive and new? Managed Healthcare Executive asked 15 of them, and here's what they said.


The determination of deuterium abundance in hydrogen may be performed as an absolute method by means of the measurement of the effusion rate of hydrogen gas through process is taken into account. This method can be used for any hydrogenated substance, provided it is possible to convert its hydrogen content into hydrogen gas. (auth)


We have tried to present an experiment in the detection of illegal weapons production, using a rather modest and simplified computer simulation. Three inspection schemes are defined by their ability to detect evasion and to avoid false alarms, and their effects are simulated using Monte Carlo methods. Because the model is not a fully dynamic one, it employs delayed rather than more or less instantaneous feedback; the full intensity of the inspection-evasion interaction is moderated. Furthermore, the model makes a number of assumptions which are justified only in so preliminary an analysis. For simu lation techniques such as that presented here to play a really useful role in the design of inspection systems and exercise a practical effect on the negotiations for disarma ment, this pilot project must be considerably surpassed in complexity and sophistication. Proceeding on the basis of data gathered during the computer simulation, we out lined a sequence of procedures whereby the potential signatories to a weapons produc tion ban agreement might be able to sort out and compare the relative costs of alterna tive inspection systems outlined. We have quite consciously sought to combine such disparate material and strategic-political factors as installation and operating cost on the one hand and successful evasion or false detection cost on the other. Two caveats are thus in order. First, such 'combining of utilities' may be a perfectly reasonable procedure, but we cannot afford to forget that certain of our inputs are based on political judgements of a most crucial sort. Second, and equally important, the calcula tions suggested here incorporate only a small portion of all the variables that must be considered in selecting a man-machine inspection system upon which a nation's security may well depend.


The calcifications occurring in thyroid nodules present a great variety of forms on roentgenograms of the neck. Thus far several investigators have attempted to formulate the criteria by which differentiation of benign and malignant nodules may be roentgenologically possible. It has been generally agreed that, when calcium deposits in the thyroid nodules are grossly classified into two types, "psammomatous" and "coarse", the former has diagnostic value because of its occurrence almost exclusively in cases of thyroid carcinoma, whereas the latter bears no relationship to the histologic diagnosis.


Writing compositions has always been difficult for students.The author believes that teachers can combine teaching of reading and writing cleverly.During the teaching of reading,teachers can guide students to choose the writing material,arrange the article structure,describe the details and so on.Thereby,students' writing ability can be improved while teaching effect be promoted.


for apartheid (ten themes recommending apartheid are specified). 9. The Foundation for the Study of Plural Societies, which publishes Plural Societies, has distributed free five large volumes retailing for $150 to 4,000 scholars, university departments, libraries, and newspaper offices. While only 3 out of 92 articles in these volumes explicitly deal with South Africa, 2 of these explicitly favor apartheid. The third, however (by Schlemmer), does not. 10. Two journalists of the Sunday Times (London) have concluded that this five-volume set is the work of South African propagandists for apartheid. Bovenkerk et al. state that this was "largely independent of our research." Publication costs of this five-volume set are stated as $370,000, but neither editor-in-chief, nor associate editor, nor the Foundation treasurer would reveal the source of funding or even admit that they knew this source. 11. When the present article of Bovenkerk et al. was submitted for publication to Plural Societies, it was turned down by the editors for insufficient quality. In my opinion, the probabilistic evidence submitted by Bovenkerk et al. against the null hypothesis that Plural Societies is an objective, scholarly journal without ideological or sociopolitical bias is strong. The findings under Nos. 1-4, 8, 9, and 11 above appear to constitute prima facie evidence for the valid ty of their view. Unless Veenhoven and Prins come forward within a reasonable time with convincing evidence that these points are not valid, thoughtful persons will conclude that Bovenkerk et al. have demonstrated their point and have rendered an important service to scientists.


On the basis of species investigation compositae family combined with related data,the common kinds of compositae plant in gardens of north China were investigated,in all 30 species non including variety.The garden omamental characteristics of some important compositae plant were evaluated and application in landscaping were illustrated briefly.


In this paper, we proposes a machine vision system to approximate depth of drilled dental plaster model in training process of young dentist and undergraduate dentist. The system is based on basic laser scanner and machine vision technique. The proposed system consists of two main parts: an image acquisition process using basic line laser scanner and depth measurement system based on a right and isosceles triangle. 450 laser points on each dental plaster model sample are extracted for testing. From our experimental result, our system is more effectiveness to inspect the practiced dental plaster model than manual inspection by a senior dentist. Our efficiency proposed system is 0.1 mm error in depth on measurement range 0.2 to 1.2 mm depth.


Oscillation criteria are established for noillinear matrix differential equations of the form [R (t) U' ]' + F(t, U, U') = 0. These criteria are more general than some similar ones of E. C. Tomastik insofar as they do not require F to be positive definite. In [1] Tomastik derives oscillation criteria for nonlinear matrix differential equations of the form (1) [R(t) U']' + F(t, U, U') U = 0 under the hypothesis that the matrix F is positive definite. The purpese of this note is to present an oscillation criterion for (1) which does not require such an assumption. As in [1] we consider a "prepared" solution U(t) of (1) satisfying (2) U*(t)R(1) U'(t) = U*I(t)R(t) U(), and say that (1) is oscillatory on [a, oo) if the determinant of every prepared solution has arbitrarily large zeros. Our assumptions regarding the coefficient matrices are as in [1]. In particular, R and F are to be sufficiently regular, symmetric and real n Xn matrices, and R(t) is to be positive definite for all t. The oscillation criterion to be derived below depends on a comparison of solutions of (1) and an equation of the same type, (3) [P(t)V']' + G(t, V, V')V = 0. LEMMA 1. Let U(t) be a prepared matrix solution of (1) such that det U(t) #0 on some interval [b, c], and let S(t) =R(t) U'(t) U-1(t). If V(t) satisfies (3) on [b, c], then [V*PV V*sv]t = V* (F G)Vdt + V*'(PR)V'dt (4) + f (V UIU-lV)*R(VI U'-UV)dt. PROOF. If det U(t) #0, then a direct computation using (2) and the Received by the editors May 8, 1969. AMS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 3442, 3445.


Studies were conducted to evaluate and compare the kinetic parameters related to the oxidation process of blackberry and raspberry seed oils in non-isothermal conditions by DSC. For that purpose, the oil samples were heated at six different heating rates, β (2, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20 °C/min), starting from 40 o C to the beginning of the oxidation process,under an oxygen fl ow of 50 ml/min.Experiments were performed using TA Instruments DSC Q1000, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (Delaware, USA). Kinetic parameters (activation energy, E a (J/mol) andpre-exponential factor, A (min -1 )) were calculated using isoconversional Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) method. Using the values of E a and A the oxidation rate constant was calculated at 25 °C and 120 °C by Arrhenius equation. The oxidation rate constants of raspberry seed oil was about 2 times higher than that of blackberry seed oil, which indicates that blackberry seed oil is more stable in terms of oxidation.


[Objective] To investigate the application of retroperitoneal laparoscopy for adrenal surgery.[Methods] 26cases of adrenal tumors were treated by retroperitoneal laparoscopy surgery(10 males and 16 females)aged 23~67 years(mean,36.5 years).The tumor was left-sided in 11 patient and right-sided in 15 patients.There were 14 cases of primary hyperaldosteronism,7 cases of Cushing's disease,2 cases of pheochromocytoma,1 case of paraganglioma,and 2 cases of dysfunctional adenoma.[Results] The procedure was successfully completed in all the 26 patients,with no need of conversions to open surgery.The operation time was 95~150 min.The intraoperative blood loss was 70~210 mL.No blood transfusion was required.There was no complications.[Conclusions] Retroperitoneal laparoscopy for adrenalectomy has advantages of satisfactory effects,less pain and minimal invasion,less complications and quick recovery.It is a safe operation.


Let X denote a finite nonempty set, and let W denote a matrix whose rows and columns are indexed by X and whose entries belong to some field K. We study three planar algebras related to W. Briefly, a planar algebra is a graded vector space ν = ∪ b ∈ Z+ ∪ {+,-} ν n which is closed under planar operators. The first planar algebra which we study, F W = ∪F W n , is defined by the group theoretic properties of W. For n E Z + , F W n is the vector space of functions from X to K which are constant on the?ut(W)-orbits of X n , and F W + , F W - are identified with K. The second planar algebra, P W = ∪P W n , is the planar algebra generated W. We define it combinatorially: P W n is spanned by functions from X to K defined via statistical mechanical sums on certain planar open graphs. The third planar algebra, O W = ∪O W n , differs from P W only in that the open graphs defining the functions need not be planar. It turns out that P W ⊆ O W ⊂ F W . We show that P W = O W if and only if P W 4 contains a single special function known as the transposition. We show that O W = F W whenever |X|! is not divisible by the characteristic of K.


This paper is devoted to study the local existence and uniqueness results for interval valued integro-dynamic equations on time scales (IIDETs)using Banach contraction principle under generalized delta derivative(∆g-derivative).


Background: The golden period of growth and development of children occurs at the age of 0 to 6 years. Deviations in child growth and development needs to be detected so that intervention or stimulation can be given. Early detection (screening) of deviations in child development can be done using the DDST II (Denver Development Screening Test) method. KB Terpadu Intan Permata Aisyiah Makamhaji has slowly returned to using the face-to-face learning system. However, efforts to monitor the growth and development of the students have not been implemented yet. Objective: To obtain demographic information about the growth and development of students in KB Terpadu Intan Permata Aisyiah Makamhaji. Methods: Screening for the growth and development of students of KB Terpadu Intan Permata Aisyiah Makamhaji was carried out in 2 stages. The first stage is measuring the child's growth rate through measuring their weight and height to determine their BMI and adjusted for age. The second stage is the measurement of children's developmental achievements using the DDST II form and tool set. Results: Measurement of growth rate obtained 85% of students have very thin nutritional status and only 0.05% are classified as normal nutritional status. Measurement of developmental achievement found that 90% of students had normal development, while others were considered suspicious and unstable. The gross motor aspect is one aspect in which most students are considered advanced.Conclusion: The growth rate of students in KB Terpadu Intan Permata Aisyiah Makamhaji is still not in accordance with the age level, while the achievement of their development is quite good


The deaf impairment is among the most substantial health problem worldwide, that can lead to various personal, economical, and social crisis. Therefore, it is critical for developing an efficient way to facilitate communication between deaf-dumb impaired and normal people. Herein, we have rationally designed a new digitally computerized and mobile smart system as an efficient communication tool between deaf impaired and normal Arabian people. This is based on two main steps, including creating a digital output for the hand gestures using gloves flex sensors equipped with a three-axis accelerometer that is controlled using a microcontroller. The digital results are compared to that in a words-based "database", where Arabs use expressions not alphabet in their communication. The second step is translation or conversion the outputs of the first stage into written texts and voices. The newly developed system allows Arabian deaf to translate words of ordinary people into gestures using a speech recognition system with an impressive accuracy over 90 % without the needing for a webcam, colored gloves, and/or online translator. The presented system can be used on any android or windows.


This study reports visible light sensitive ZrNO and ZrNO–Ag polyester samples prepared by sputtering in an Ar/N2/O2 atmosphere leading to Escherichia coli bacterial inactivation. The bacterial inactivation by ZrNO avoids the increasing environmental concern involving the fate of Ag-leaching of many disinfectants. The simultaneous co-sputtering of ZrNO and Ag2O enhanced the E. coli bacterial inactivation kinetics compared to the sequential sputtering of ZrNO and Ag. A reaction mechanism is suggested triggered by photoinduced interfacial charge transfer (IFCT) suggesting electron injection form the Ag2Ocb to the ZrO2cb. The sizes of the ZrO2 and Ag nanoparticles in the co-sputtered ZrNO–Ag were 80–130 nm and 8–15 nm respectively as determined by high angular annular dark field (HAADF) microscopy. Evi. coli ligodynamic effect dence is presented by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for the self-cleaning of the photocatalysts after bacterial inactivation. This enabled a stable catalyst reuse. The XPS experimental spectra of ZrNO and ZrNO–Ag were deconvoluted into their ZrN, ZrNO and ZrO2 components. The amounts of Ag-ions released during bacterial inactivation were < 5 ppb/cm2 and well below the Ag cytotoxic levels. Since no cytotoxicity was introduced during the bacterial inactivation process, the ZrNO–Ag disinfection proceeds through an oligodynamic effect.


Damiano, K. An environmental education, science based, curriculum on raptors, to help bring a focus and awareness to the raptors found in Minnesota (2018). The area of focus addressed in this capstone project was a curriculum on raptors, specifically raptors found in Minnesota. It documents one naturalist's creation of a science-based unit that implements different aspects of students' learning styles. Pedagogical concepts used in the development of this curriculum included the North American Association of Environmental Education's (NAAEE) guidelines (NAAEE, 1996) as well as Understanding by Design – the second part of the framework: "backwards design" (Wiggins & McTighe, 2011). The author uses related literature to construct meaning and justification to the study to help support the details of the unit. She focused on birds of prey for this curriculum for a few reasons. One, was to bring an awareness and understanding to children about raptors found throughout Minnesota. Two, because of their part in the ecosystem both as a keystone species and as a biological indicator; and three, because of their presence in cultures past and present. This curriculum is designed to be used in a formal school setting as well as a non-profit conservation-based organization specializing in education. The lessons that make up this curriculum address science standards only, but this curriculum is multidisciplinary, touching on different subjects throughout. (190 words).


This is a book review of Richardson & Powell's "Comparing Special Education: Origins to Contemporary Paradoxes." "Comparing Special Education" is a well-researched book that must be on the shelves of disability theory, disability history, and comparative education scholars. The book is heavy on theory and less on practical approaches, and thus it is not a handbook for practitioners seeking to create inclusive environments, but it explains why integration is necessary. Lastly, one sentence in the book has stuck with me, and it sums up Richardson and Powell's theoretical and utopic view of inclusiveness: "The opportunity for countries without a history of asylums, hospitals, and segregated or separated special schools and classrooms that goes back centuries is to learn from these experiences and proceed to directly inclusive education for all" (p. 274).


(57) ABSTRACT Various technologies pertaining to dynamically identifying travel segments to be taken by a traveler traveling in a region are described herein, where observations about travel seg ments in the region are sparse and Subject to alteration. A computer-implemented graph can be loaded into a memory, where the computer-implemented graph is representative of the region. The computer-implemented graph includes nodes that represent locations in the region and edges that represent travel segments of the region, where the edges have costs assigned thereto, and further where there is a defined statistical relationship between the costs. When an observation about a travel path is received, using the com puter-implemented graph, inferences can be made about costs of traversing other travel paths in the region.


This document results from an experience of an internship developed in Elle magazine Portugal between the months of September and December 2015 which led consequently to the scientific objective of this thesis: to understand what is the lifestyle journalism for Elle, which importance the magazine gives to this category and the differences their two editions (print and online) reveal about the approach of this section. Being the key concepts of literature review the lifestyle journalism, the importance given to advertising and image, the women's press and online journalism, this is a study that seeks to contribute to a better understanding of what is the lifestyle for a magazine dedicated to women. Using methodology as a content analysis complemented with two interviews, this report concludes that the section under study is important for Elle: one magazine not only about fashion, but also about trends that make it possible to achieve a quality lifestyle. This study confirmed the challenges that online journalism is facing and the domain of a passive journalism, where there is little own production and not written based on a lived experience, but a press release.


ABSTRACT A sample of 166 individual participants in 47 school leadership teams was used to investigate the multilevel relationships between individual learning outcomes and two dimensions of individual mastery achievement goal orientation—mastery approach goals (MAP), and an emotionally modified measure of mastery avoidance goals (MAV)—and two group-level emergent beliefs, namely, team potency and team psychological safety. All variables were independently positively related to individual learning; however, team potency had no incremental effect above team psychological safety. MAP and team potency interacted negatively on individual learning, indicating that the emergence of high potency in teams may compensate for low average level of MAP in teams. When running the complete research model, MAV and team psychological safety remained positively related to individual learning, in contrast to team potency and MAP. The implications of the findings for leadership teams are discussed.


A case of systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by pemphigus vulgaris is reported. A 42-year-old female patient presented facial red macules with the joints pain on the limbs for 4 years. She was photosensitive with hematologic abnormal, positive antinuclear antibody, positive antibody to ds-DNA. She got relapsing erosions of mucous membranes in mouth for 2 years. Then extensive, generalized bullae developed, and the bullae soon ruptured to form erosions. The diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris was confirmed by clinical, histological and immunofluorescent evidences.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of vinorelbine plus oxaliplatin in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) .Methods Twenty-six patients with NSCLC entered the study.The chemotherapy regimen consisted of vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 iv injection on days 1 and 8, oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 iv infusion for 4 hours on day 1, repeated every 21-28 days. Results There were 9 partial response, 12 stable disease and 5 progression of disease, with the response rate being 34.6% . The major adverse effects were myelosuppression grade 3-4 occurring in 11 patients (42.3 % ) , neuro- sensory toxicity and vomiting observed in 80.8 % and 42.3 % of the patients respectively. Conclusions The vinorelbine plus oxaliplatin combined chemotherapy is an effective regimen for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with tolerable toxicity and deserves further evaluation.


ALLOCATION OF TYPE OF DEPENDENCE "LOAD - MAXIMUM POWER OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION" IN DIFFERENT WORKING REGIMES V.E. Chursinov, Dr.Hab. Institute of physical culture and judo of Adygei state university, Maikop Key words: dependence "load - maximum power of muscle contraction", isotonic, stroke-isotonic, isokinetic and stroke-isokinetic regimes of muscle work: stroke - second - vaulting, recuperation. The purpose of the present paper was to allocate specific features of power manifestations of human skeleton muscles depending on the amount of load, but on the example of power exercises in armsport, in isotonic, stroke-isotonic, isokinetic and stroke-isokinetic regimes of muscle contraction. The studies conducted by the researchers resulted in the following conclusions: 1. Change in level of manifestation of maximum power in training exercise is assumed as an assessment of effectiveness of power training. 2. In isotonic, stroke-isotonic and stroke-isokinetic regimes maximum power of muscle contraction increases in case of growth of load. 3. The mass, equal to two load on each bar of device is optimum, providing for the greatest contribution of elastic components. It creates the ability of greatest increase in absolute and relative values, further increase of training load results in decrease of power values. 4. There were allocated inter-regime variety in manifestation of speed-power abilities of muscles while training in isotonic and stroke-isotonic regimes of muscle contraction. Expressed specifics of training effects was observed.


Mr. Tappan from the Joint Committee on the Library gives notice that he would ask for consideration of the bill the next day. At the end of the proceedings for the day he proposes that there be a reconsideration of the vote that when the Senate adjourn it be to the next Monday taken earlier that day because he was anxious for the a vote on the Smithsonian bill. His motion is denied.


Device for a branching or crossing a longitudinal conveyor (1) with a cross-conveyor (2) having provided in the region of the branch or the intersection transfer zone for workpiece carriers (12), wherein the longitudinal conveyor (1) and the transverse conveyor track (2) each have a circumferential conveyor belt have, and deflection means (22), by means of which the Langstransportgurt (27) of the longitudinal conveyor (1) about a lying in the transfer zone conveying plane of the transverse conveyor path (2) around can be deflected, characterized in that the conveying plane of the longitudinal conveyor belt (27) of the longitudinal conveyor track (1) experiences a deflection in the transfer zone, is fixed and that the conveying plane of the transverse conveyor belt (36) is adjustable in height of the transverse conveyor track (2) by which the Langstransportgurt (27) of the longitudinal conveyor (1) around is deflected, wherein the Langstransportgurt (27) of the longitudinal conveyor (1) in every position of the conveying plane of the transverse conveyor track (2) un Below this conveying plane is feasible.


Digital finance provides a premises guarantee for green technology innovation, and effective environmental regulation helps to achieve green and sustainable development. This article selects Chinese urban panel data from 2011 to 2019 to explore the impact mechanism of the influence of digital finance and environmental regulation on the innovation capacity of green science and technology. It is found that extensive financing channels and the strong information-matching ability of digital finance have a significant promoting effect on local green science and technology innovation. Moreover, government environmental regulation not only facilitates the development of green technology innovation locally and in nearby regions, but also strengthens the utility of digital finance in driving green science and technology innovation. Further research found that the influence of digital finance and environmental regulation on the ability of green science and technology innovation has regional heterogeneity, and only digital finance in Central China can promote green science and technology innovation in both local and adjacent areas. Therefore, the government should continue to promote the development of digital finance, optimize environmental regulations by increasing environmental protection subsidies and creating a green innovation environment, and further stimulate willingness to innovate green technologies. At the same time, it is also important to note the coordinated development and governance with neighboring regional governments.


In this paper, a novel channel fault tolerant particle filtering is proposed for target tracking in a fading multi-hop wireless sensor network. The quantized binary data from local sensors need to be relayed through multi-hop transmission in order to reach a fusion center. Each relay node employs a binary relay scheme where the relay output is inferred from the channel impaired observation received from its source node. The observation likelihood function of each particle is deduced with the consideration of physical channel. The fading channels between sensors and the fusion center are incorporated in the tracking algorithm under particle filtering framework. Assuming that the fusion center has knowledge of the fading channel gains and has only the fading channel statistics, we propose respectively the channel fault tolerant target tracking algorithms. The improved tracking accuracy and robustness to channel imperfection of the proposed channel fault tolerant filtering are shown through extensive computer simulations.


A 62-year-old woman complaining of a right lower quadrant tumor was found to have an 8-cm diameter gas collection in the retroperitoneal space, when fluoroscopic study done with a suspicion of communi-cation with the gastrointestinal tract disclosed no recognizable findings including fistula formation. As she had no symptoms such as abdominal pain and no abnormal findings were reported on blood examination, we decided to follow her clinical course. Six months later, gas shadow increased in size and she developed a sense of oppression in the abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy was thus performed. An encapsulated and well demarcated tumor 15 cm in diameter was identified in the right retroperitoneal space, for that drainage was performed. It was found that no liquid component was present within the tumor and only gas component was collected within it. An intraabdominal survey disclosed no findings suggestive of commu-nication with the digestive organs. After the operation, recurrence at the same area occurred and CT-guided drainage was carried out. Thereafter no recurrence has occurred for 15 months up to now. We consider percutaneous drainage to be a beneficial therapy for retroperitoneal emphysema without accompanying by fiver and inflammation. The paper deals with our experience with a case of atypical cryptogenic retroperitoneal emphysema including the clinical course and imaging findings, together with a review of the literature.


In designing a function space, there are several things that should be considered, one of which is the acoustic quality that can determine the level of comfort and resistance of a building to sound. Buildings that demand good sound conditions, one of which is a mosque building as a place of worship for Muslims who require quiet and low noise levels and even sound distribution with a maximum noise level of 30-35dB(A). In this research, there were five mosque buildings in the Cipularang Toll Rest Area which became the object of observation to see the acoustic quality of the mosque, the source observed was an external source with sound behavior from outside into the building. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach method through observations and measurements using a Sound Level Meter (SLM) with stages through literature studies, field observations and analysis. Based on the results of observations and measurements, it was not found that the mosque had a noise level in accordance with the standards for places of worship. 72A with the lowest average value of 63.5 dB(A).


An FPGA-based Linux test-bed was constructed for the purpose of measuring its sensitivity to single-event upsets. The test-bed consists of two ML410 Xilinx development boards connected using a 124-pin custom connector board. The Design Under Test (DUT) consists of the "hard core" PowerPC, running the Linux OS and several peripherals implemented in "soft" (programmable) logic. Faults were injected via the Internal Configuration Access Port (ICAP). The experiments performed here demonstrate that the Linux-based system was sensitive to 92,542 upsets-less than 0.7 percent of all tested bits. Each sensitive bit in the bit-stream is mapped to the resource and user-module to which it configures. A density metric for comparing the reliability of modules within the system is presented.


Mouse monoclonal anti‐vasopressin antibody was injected just above one hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat brain. Immunocytochemistry and morphometric analysis showed that the antibody was taken up by neurons with the size and stereotaxic distribution of vasopressin‐producing neurons. Labelled neurons were counted with an electronic image analyser. When the rats were deprived of drinking water for 48 h before injection, specific uptake was significantly increased in the caudal part of the nucleus. Conversely, rehydration following dehydration or chronic treatment with 1‐deamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin significantly decreased neuronal uptake, mainly in the rostral subdivision of the nucleus. By contrast, bilateral adrenalectomy performed 2 weeks before injection did not modify the number of labelled magnocellular neurons, though the accumulation of injected antibody in the external layer of the median eminence indirectly demonstrated the stimulation of antibody uptake by parvocellular vasopressin neurons.


This study has investigated the effects of addition ofachillea and butyric acid on performance and serum composition of broiler chickens. In this study that starts 1 day following until 42 days there are four treatments, at first 225 day old broiler chicks were divided to 15 groups of 15 chicks each. Each 3 groups randomly assigned to one of the three treatments. Experimental groups included.G1, control group. G2,butyric acid glycerides (BaBy C4) containing 0.2%.G3,fed by basal diet plus 2 gr/Kg achillea. According to the results,the best result for FCR and weight gain was in G2 also the highest percent of liver and breast was observed in experimental group 3. But the highest level of food intake and the lowest level of abdominal fat were seen in the group 3. Also the serum total cholesterol,, total cholesterol (Chol), triglyceride (TG),HDL,LDL and Glucose were measured in blood samples of day 42.The amount of total Chol, TG and LDL in the serum did showed a significant differences in groups 2 and 3, but HDL and Glucose were not significantly different among groups.


With the support of the Nevada Division of Emergency Management the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology (NBMG) conducted a project to model the potential earthquake loss in each county in the state of Nevada using HAZUS-MH. Potential earthquake faults that are located near each County seat where selected as the basis for each County HAZUS-MH model. The results generated by HAZUS-MH for this project, including statistics and maps, have been made available to the Nevada HAZUS User Group and to the general public via the Web at www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/of061/of061.htm.


Baseline fluctuation in Electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement system for car drivers is analyzed. The goal of this research is to develop a system that detects changes in R-R interval fluctuation, which is related to drowsiness and stress of the driver, and alert the driver to prevent drowsy driving. This system measures ECG with a contact electrode on the steering wheel and a capacitively coupled electrode on the driver's seat. This configuration allows ECG measurement while the driver is holding the steering wheel with one hand. The major source of baseline fluctuation is the static electricity generated by body motion, especially the pedaling motions that involve contact and removal of foot on the pedal. Baseline fluctuation can be as large as hundred times of the R-wave amplitude. Analysis of equivalent circuit model and experiments have shown that the baseline fluctuation can be reduced to 0.05 V by introducing an additional electrode on the driver's floor and connect it to the electrode in the steering wheel.


This paper presents the design and optimization of an Eddy Current Testing system for the imaging of surface-breaking defects in conductive materials. The reconstruction of the defects is obtained by an efficient non-iterative imaging method, suitable for real time operations [1,2]. The key-point of the proposed imaging algorithm is the Monotonicity Property that holds between the object electrical resistivity and the real part, ( ) ω R , of the measured


Since the last century canon-legal historians and, more recently, social historians have examined a variety of questions concerning the social and legal aspects of marriage in the later medieval period. Particular significance has been given to the synthesis by Alexander III of existing sacramental and legal opinion concerning marriage in the twelfth century. His synthesis produced a doctrine in which marriage was viewed as a purely consensual union. Any two legally entitled adults could contract marriage by words of mutual consent. A twofold distinction existed in the nature and intent of these words. On the one hand, a binding and immediately effective union was created through the exchange of words of present consent (per verba de praesenti). Neither publicity, nor church solemnization, nor indeed consummation added anything to the validity and permanence of such a contract. On the other hand, a promise to marry was expressed by words of future consent (per verba de futuro), which might be terminated by the agreement of the parties or by a subsequent de praesenti contract. If, however, a de futuro contract was followed by intercourse, it took upon itself the legal mantle of a de praesenti contract, and what was initially only a promise to marry was transformed into a binding marriage.


In this paper, we implement sentence generation process towards generate abstractive summarization which is proposed by (Genest and Lapalme, 2010). We simply use Stanford Typed Dependencies1 to extract information items and generate multiple compressed sentences via Natural Language Generation engine. Then we follow LexRank based sentence ranking combined with greedy sentence selection to build final summary. Although the quantitative evaluation based on Rouge metric demonstrates poor performances, we believe that this sentence generation process make important role towards generate abstractive summarization.


Motivated by practical scenarios in areas such as Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), we study online file caching on <italic>multiple</italic> caches, where a file request might be relayed to other caches or bypassed directly to the memory when a cache miss happens. We can also choose to fetch files from the memory to caches and conduct file replacement if necessary. We take the relaying, bypassing and fetching costs altogether into consideration. We first show the inherent difficulty of the problem even when the online requests are of uniform costs. We propose an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(\log {K})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-competitive randomized online multiple caching algorithm (named <monospace>Camul</monospace>) and an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(K)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-competitive deterministic algorithm (named <monospace>Camul-Det</monospace>), where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the total number of slots in all caches. Both of them achieve asymptotically optimal competitive ratios. Moreover, our algorithms can be implemented efficiently such that each request is processed in amortized constant time. We conduct extensive simulations on production data traces from <monospace>Google</monospace> and a benchmark workload from <monospace>Yahoo</monospace>. It shows that our algorithms dramatically outperform state-of-the-art schemes, i.e., reducing the total cost by 85% and 43% respectively compared with important baselines and their strengthened versions with request relaying. More importantly, <monospace>Camul</monospace> achieves such a good total cost without sacrificing other performance measures, e.g., the hit ratio, and performs consistently well on various settings of experiment parameters.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors that can positively influence the implementation of a blockchain-based supply chain via an integrated framework. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous study has focused on prioritizing these factors.Design/methodology/approachFirst, this study conducts a multivocal literature review, and a total of 48 success factors (SFs) are identified and mapped into 11 categories. Second, the identified success factors and their categories are further validated by industry practitioners using a questionnaire survey approach. Finally, this study applies an analytical hierarchy process to prioritize the identified SFs and their categories and to assess their importance for successful blockchain implementation in the supply chain management process.FindingsThe "Accessibility" category has the highest importance, and the "Overall efficiency" category has the second highest rank. As far as the success factors are concerned, "Trackability" and "Traceability" are considered to be the prime success factors of a blockchain-based supply chain. The taxonomy of the categories and their success factors provide an outline for supply chain organizations to establish a strategy to implement blockchain technology.Practical implicationsThis technology can be practically applied in a sustainable supply chain. Another vital application of this blockchain technology is in banking and finance because of the blockchain's immutable data recording property.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no previous study focused on building a taxonomic model that allows supply chain organizations to compare this paper's model with existing models and outline the necessary actions to improve supply chain activities. The questionnaire-based survey developed to validate the success factors in real-world practices and the factors' prioritization can help academic researchers and industrial practitioners to set their strategic goals accordingly.


OBJECTIVE — Excess accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contributes to aging and chronic diseases. We aimed to obtain evidence that exposure to AGEs plays a role in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — The effect of AGEs was examined on insulin secretion by MIN6N8 cells and mouse islets and in vivo in three separate rodent models: AGE-injected or high AGE – fed Sprague-Dawley rats and nonobese diabetic (NODLt) mice. Rodents were also treated with the AGE-lowering agent alagebrium. RESULTS — b -Cells exposed to AGEs displayed acute glucose- stimulated insulin secretory defects, mitochondrial abnormalities including excess superoxide generation, a decline in ATP con- tent, loss of MnSOD activity, reduced calcium fl ux, and increased glucose uptake, all of which were improved with alagebrium treatment or with MnSOD adenoviral overexpression. Isolated mouse islets exposed to AGEs had decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, increased mitochondrial superoxide production, and depletion of ATP content, which were improved with alagebrium or with MnTBAP, an SOD mimetic. In rats, transient or chronic exposure to AGEs caused progressive insulin secre- tory defects, superoxide generation, and b -cell death, ameliorated with alagebrium. NODLt mice had increased circulating AGEs in association with an increase in islet mitochondrial superoxide generation, which was prevented by alagebrium, which also reduced the incidence of autoimmune diabetes. Finally, at-risk children who progressed to T1D had higher AGE concentra- tions than matched nonprogressors. CONCLUSIONS These fi ndings demonstrate that AGEs di- rectly cause insulin secretory defects, most likely by impairing mitochondrial function, which may contribute to the develop- ment of T1D. Diabetes 60:2523 2532,


A novel feature points based gait authen- tication method is introduced in this paper, which uses the acceleration signals acquired from an ankle-mounted 3-axis accelerometer. Feature points are extracted from original gait samples. A dynamic time wrapping algorithm is employed to match the feature points of different samples and calculate the distortions. Based on these distortions, a multi-criterion model is designed for authentication. The experimental result shows that the extracted feature points can represent the original signals good enough in authenti- cating with one accelerometer, and the equal error rate of this method is only 3.27%, better than that of the previous literatures reported.


Rocking of stiff structures on shallow foundation has been found to enter into the nonlinear regime even under moderate seismic shaking. Post-earthquake observations of shallow foundations on stiff soils have revealed that cyclic inertial moment is often associated with large levels of transient uplift about the foundation edges. Several cases of soft soils have shown that permanent rigid-body displacements of the building (settlement, tilting) may occur, even if no prominent structural failure takes place. In the framework of the 'QUAKER' research project a series of centrifuge tests have been performed at LCPC to investigate a building with a slenderness ratio of two resting on clay under monotonic and cyclic loading. Ultimate capacity and permanent deformation of the foundation have been recorded and discussed. Nonlinear finite element modeling of the experimental tests highlights the effects of the problem parameters on the foundation response. It is shown that cyclic loading may increase the moment capacity of a foundation when compared to the static case.


The Institute of Neurological Sciences (INS) at the Southern General Hospital in Glasgow is the largest Neuroscience Centre in Scotland, and among the largest in the UK. The other 3 Scottish centres are Aberdeen, Dundee and Edinburgh. Scotland itself has a population of approximately 5.2 million people and the INS in Glasgow provides neurointervention cover to almost 3 million of these. Referrals also come from the rest of Britain and overseas (North Africa, Middle-East and Asia). Glasgow has been nominated as one of two centres in the UK for management of neonatal high-flow fistulae, and has the largest experience in the UK for management of cervico-facial vascular malformations.

There are 3 consultant interventional neuroradiologists (in addition to 6 purely diagnostic neuroradiologists) and two fellows (at least one of whom is training in neurointervention). Overseas trainees are sometimes accommodated, most recently from Greece and Thailand. Patients requiring interventional neuroradiology are usually admitted into the neurosurgery unit, although care is shared with the neuroradiologists. An AVM clinic is run jointly with neurosurgical colleagues, to which most (but not all) AVM patients are referred, and close links are maintained with the National Stereotactic Radiosurgery Centre in Sheffield (which has overwhelmingly, the largest experience in the UK for the radiosurgical treatment of AVMs). The Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformations Study (SIVMS) is a collaborative epidemiological study between the four Scottish centres1,2,5.


Serious doubt is cast on Allen's claim that the anomalous high-temperature electrical resistivity of Nb cannot be accounted for within the framework of the Boltzmann equation.


PREFACE: This ''In the Literature'' column has a different genesis from previous columns. It emanates from a discussion that began on the Maternity Care Discussion Group (MCDG), an online group of more than 600 family physicians, obstetricians, midwives, nurses, and doulas that has been hosted on the College of Family Physicians of Canada website for 20 years. Although mainly a Canadian list, international participants are welcome to join in the struggle to improve maternity care and support those who provide it. To join the MCDG List, send an e-mail to mklein@interchange. ubc.ca.


An aircraft model that incorporates independently adjustable engine throttles and ailerons is employed to develop an adaptive control scheme in the presence of actuator failures. This model captures the key features of aircraft flight dynamics when in the engine differential mode. Based on this model an adaptive feedback control scheme for asymptotic state tracking is developed and applied to a transport aircraft model in the presence of two types of failures during operation, rudder failure and aileron failure. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the adaptive failure compensation scheme


[Objective] The paper was to compare the effect of different fertilization methods on Sophora flavescens yield,so as to provide theoretical basis for effective utilization of S.flavescens.[Method] Two factors of fertilization method and nitrogen species,and 2 treatments of phosphorus rich area and potassium rich area were set in the paper to explore the mutual effect of phosphorus and potassium on nitrogen.The effect of fertilization method on yield and quality of Chinese herb S.flavescens was also analyzed.[Result] After fertilization,urea had no significant difference with ammonium bicarbonate,both of them could be used.Different fertilization method had no difference,but A2(nitrogen application amounts are 70%,15% and 15% in 2005,2006 and 2007,respectively) and A1(nitrogen application amounts are 100%,0 and 0 in 2005,2006 and 2007,respectively) fertilization methods were better;A1 was the best method for urea application;and A2 was the better method for ammonium hydrogen carbonate or urea application;S.flavescens content in phosphorus rich area had extremely significant difference with potassium rich area and area with single application of nitrogen.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for further research on high yield and quality of Chinese herb S.flavescens.


Signal lamp of a motor vehicle with a light source (2) in a housing with a light plate (3), in which a light guide element (6, 7, 8) made of a transparent medium between the light source (2) and the lens (3) and the light source (2) comprises a plurality of juxtaposed light emitting diodes (4, 5), characterized in that the Lichtleterelement (6, 7, 8) at least one light guide rod (6, 7) made of a transparent medium, and a light guide plate (8) between the light guide rod ( 6, 7) and the light source (2).


The article employs the subgrade-reaction theory, leading-out the buckling stability equation of the pile with gravitational stress and frictional resistance which's top bomb embedded but bottom fixed,and provide the solution ,by using the minimum potential principle.And to consider the pile gravitational stress factors on the influence of the pile buckling load in different embedment ratio cases.


Abstract Glacier reconnaissance in North America depends largely on aerial photography. Qualitative interpretation of such photography presently yields information on extent and yearly variations of existing glaciers, vigor of their activity, formation of kinematic waves, snow-line altitudes, residual annual snow accumulation, and recent climatic changes. Methods are proposed whereby such data can be combined with limited ground observations to obtain quantitative mass budget data.


The interaction of a spatially developing supersonic turbulent boundary layer with a normal shock wave is analyzed by means of direct numerical simulation of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. At the selected flow conditions, corresponding to a mild shock, no mean flow separation is observed. However, the flow is strongly unsteady, and intermittent regions of flow reversal are found near the wall, while large vortical structures are observed away from it. Such structures are mainly responsible for the amplification of noise and turbulence across the interaction zone. The intense acoustic loads occurring in the interaction zone are found to be strictly related to the Reynolds shear stress distribution. The analysis of the pressure energy spectra shows a behavior consistent with that observed in incompressible boundary layers in adverse pressure gradient. In particular, a power-law scaling is recovered: at low frequencies the spectra scale as St, while at high frequencies they decay as St. The results show that the interacting shock primarily acts as a low-pass filter for the turbulence spectra.


Physical and psychophysical measurements and/or calculations were made on 16 equally speech‐interfering noises. Speech‐interference levels (SIL) based on octaves with center frequencies of 500, 1000, and 2000 cps or at 425, 850, and 1700 cps predicted very well that the noises were equally speech‐interfering. These SIL's predicted better than the more conventional SIL based on octaves between 600 and 4800 cps. Articulation‐index (AI) scores based on 5 or 6 weighted octaves were equivalent to the 20‐band AI methods and were not necessarily better than SIL methods. Fitting the peaks of plotted spectra to noise‐criteria (NC or NCA) curves was not adequate, although averaging that part of the spectra centered on octaves from 500 through 2000 cps through NC or NCA curves gave good prediction. Equally speech‐interfering noises were not equal in loudness as calculated by Stevens' method, or in PNdB. There was evidence to show that the frequency that divided noise‐masked speech into two equally intelligible frequ...