The process was discussed in detail that 7-deacetoxycephalosporin acid which comes from the extended ring of penicillin G was converted to 7-ADCA with catalytic decomposition of immobilized penicillin acylase in the buffer solution of 0. 05 mol/L H3BO3 under the condition of adjusting substrate concentration , temperature and pH. In the process of enzyme reaction and with the help of HPLC chromatographic instrument, we can select the optimum reaction conditions: substance concentration 6%, temperature 28℃-30℃, pH8. 2, and the consumption of IPA-750 65U/g (substance). Results are that the yield of conversion was over 97% and that at the same time, the IPA-750 can be used 400 batches in the manufacture. Moreover, IPA-750 does not, after the reaction, lead to environmental pollution.


Two different configurations of transflective liquid crystal displays (LCDs) using multi-domain method will be presented. One is composed of hybrid-aligned nematic mode in the reflective region and parallel-rubbed vertically aligned mode in the transmissive region. In order to make the reflective and transmissive regions in the same pixel independent, an Ar+ ion-beam alignment method is used. The other multi-domain transflective LCD, where vertically aligned mode is applied, has patterned metal electrodes on one substrate. In this mode, the device can be designed with single driving circuit and single cell gap. These transflective LCDs show excellent performance in reflectance and transmittance characteristics, viewing angle property, and contrast ratio.


Background: Guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) inhibits Hsp100 chaperones and leads to prion curing in yeast. Results: The Gdm+ ion binds specifically to the N-terminal nucleotide binding domain, interacting primarily with a conserved glutamate and the bound nucleotide. Conclusion: GdmCl affects the catalytic cycle by both interfering with the essential glutamate and modulating nucleotide binding affinities. Significance: The study elucidates the mechanistic role of GdmCl in Hsp100 chaperone inhibition. The Hsp100 chaperones ClpB and Hsp104 utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to reactivate aggregated proteins in concert with the DnaK/Hsp70 chaperone system, thereby playing an important role in protein quality control. They belong to the family of AAA+ proteins (ATPases associated with various cellular activities), possess two nucleotide binding domains per monomer (NBD1 and NBD2), and oligomerize into hexameric ring complexes. Furthermore, Hsp104 is involved in yeast prion propagation and inheritance. It is well established that low concentrations of guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) inhibit the ATPase activity of Hsp104, leading to so called "prion curing," the loss of prion-related phenotypes. Here, we present mechanistic details about the Hsp100 chaperone inhibition by GdmCl using the Hsp104 homolog ClpB from Thermus thermophilus. Initially, we demonstrate that NBD1 of ClpB, which was previously considered inactive as a separately expressed construct, is a fully active ATPase on its own. Next, we show that only NBD1, but not NBD2, is affected by GdmCl. We present a crystal structure of ClpB NBD1 in complex with GdmCl and ADP, showing that the Gdm+ ion binds specifically to the active site of NBD1. A conserved essential glutamate residue is involved in this interaction. Additionally, Gdm+ interacts directly with the nucleotide, thereby increasing the nucleotide binding affinity of NBD1. We propose that both the interference with the essential glutamate and the modulation of nucleotide binding properties in NBD1 is responsible for the GdmCl-specific inhibition of Hsp100 chaperones.


family income level offers top benefits of $700 for a single surgical procedure, while the $4,800 level offers benefits up to $300. Special provision is made for multiple procedures. &dquo;Premium rates for Wisconsin Physicians Service were tentatively recommended as $2.83 per month for the family in the $3,600 level, and $3.80 for the higher level. It should be emphasized that the premium structure of the new program for Wisconsin Physicians Service has not yet been specifically determined. Rates will be set after the plan's directing board has received the recommendations of the actuary. Wisconsin Plan rates will be established, of course, by each company. The newly authorized programs provide benefits for 30 days' medical care in the hospitals


A common approach to simulator/environment discrepancies is to alter simulator designs in order to create a model from which policies are more easily transferable to the real world. We present a different approach which focuses on overcoming discrepancies by designing a controller which is robust to unexpected changes in its environment. This approach is not intended as a replacement for previously developed techniques, but rather as a supplement to them. This combination of discrepancy reduction techniques and discrepancy-robust controllers is shown to be effective in overcoming artificially introduced discrepancies in several simulator-to-simulator transfers, as well as in an actual transfer from a Nomad simulator to a Nomad Scout robot.


We investigate classes of discrete musical operations that function in ways that correspond to the imaginary units i, j, and k of the quaternions (i.e. orthogonal square roots of−1). In particular, we focus on musical transformations of order 4 that are mutual square roots of a central involution. We define imaginary transformations as members of groups of operations acting on the set of pitch classes in an octatonic collection and as members of subgroups of various triadic-transformational systems. These structures include quaternion, Pauli, (almost) extraspecial, and dicyclic groups, among others.


Condensation of 4-picoline with various aromatic primary amines was carried out in the presence of sulfur at elevated temparature. This reaction proceeded favorably under the condition of duration of 40 hours, the temperature of 160∼165°, and the molar ratio of 1 : 1.5 : 2.5 of 4-picoline, aniline, and sulfur.


In this art icle we present a study carried out over the period 2009-2010 in the Vitoria Teaching Institute, part of the Basque Country University (Escuela Universitaria de Magisterio de Vitoria de la Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/ EHU) ) in which we attempt both to identify the perceptions of the student body surrounding the issue of gender equality and their perceived need to be aware of said issues during the init ial stage of their teacher train ing. In brief, we will look at the underlying gender stereotypes found within the student body at the initial stages of training. We track a trajectory which attempts to define different stereotypes and the way in wh ich people are socialised within these stereotypes; as well as looking at the role the school plays in said socialisation. We provide a case study, the key strategy of which has been to use discussion groups as the way of obtaining information.


The development, structure and profile of the Institute of Polymer Chemistry in Teltow-Seehof in 1990/91 as well as the transformation of the institute into efficient new research units is surveyed, accentuating the close cooperation between chemistry and physics of polymers, the role of polymer colloids and water soluble polymers in the research profile, and the continuity of cellulose research in Teltow-Seehof.


Foremost,this article analyzes the employment situation of China's university students,and the employment impact on China's college students of "Labor Contract Law".Afterwards,this paper devides the employment impacts into three categories: policy system,organizational system,and incentive systems.Then it establishes the theoretical models by SWOT analysis tools and uses the quality of labor relations,employment,job satisfaction,employment prospects to measure the "Labor Contract Law" on college students job performance of the labor market impact.This research is conductive for university students to fully play the advantages of market allocation,so as to promote the employment and the ability as soon as possible.


Nowadays, the search for alternatives to supply the growing demand for energy is an issue of global scope. The obvious concern about the environmental impacts and the scarcity of energy resources have been reinforcing that. The wind generation, as a renewable energy source, has grown significantly in recent years. In this scenario, there is a great interest in modernizing this form of generation, making it more efficient. Focused on this, the wind energy market is betting on variable speed topology wind turbines. Among the possible configurations, the use of synchronous generators is highlighted due to its operational speed versatility. For these reasons, impact studies of the connection of this type of generation in the electricity network have been increasingly demanded, concerning the product quality. Meanwhile, the idea of the development of this work arose, which aims to identify, in some points of a wind unit, the effective values of voltage and current, voltage unbalance, power factor and the harmonic and inter-harmonic distortions. This is performed based on the use of the ATP (Alternative Transient Program) software. The results and the analysis of the computer simulations are presented and debated in a way to relate the mentioned indicators to the energy source intermittence, the wind. For a wind unit constituted by a permanent magnet rotor synchronous generation topology, it was verified that the mentioned indicators do not exceed the limits of the main national and international standards.


The molecular heterogeneity of colorectal cancer (CRC) combined with a lack of methodological standard, which evaluates the effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic treatment, has demonstrated a challenge in the control of the disease, making it necessary to evaluate the gene expression profile of the tumor in an individualized way. Studies have shown that overexpression of the CXCR4 gene combined with the low expression of CD26 has shown a satisfactory prognostic profile and treatment responsiveness. However, the inverse encodes a lower chance of progression‐free survival and evolution in disease staging. Furthermore, studies show that the CXCR4+/CD26−, CXCR4−/CD26+, CXCR4+/CD26+ and CXCR4−/CD26− gene profiles require different antineoplastic treatment protocols to ensure a greater chance of cure. Thus, the analysis of the expression profile of the cited markers may be useful in determining the efficacy of conventional treatments making the approach more assertive. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the gene and protein expression profile of the CXCR4 and CD26 genes in colon and rectum cancer, correlating them to the responsiveness of patients affected by the pathology to chemotherapy through clinical data and their cellular differentiation profile, through the evaluation of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition markers (EMT) and cancer steem cells (CSC). For such analyzes, the CXCR4r protein and peptide portions of CD26r were produced, in which the ELISA assay demonstrates the sensitization of the animals by CXCR4r and CD26r. The next step consists of the production of the anti‐CXCR4r and anti‐CD26r monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are being performed according to the protocol adopted by the Antibody Production Platform of Fiocruz/Minas. In parallel, quantitative PCR reactions were performed for CXCR4, CD26, E‐cadherin, vimentin, Oct/3/4 and Sox2, in order to evaluate their gene expression. The predominance of CXCR4‐/CD26+ cells (1:2) was observed and the gene expression of EMT and CSC markers was high in such cell population. To evaluate the protein expression profiles of the CXCR4 and CD26 genes, human samples, positive and negative for CCR, were processed, histopathologically analyzed and submitted to immunohistochemical analysis. Such analysis showed a more undifferentiated profile when we observed the pattern of CXCR4‐/CD26+ gene expression. As perspectives, the results obtained in the analyzes of gene expression will be correlated to the clinical data and we will proceed to the finalization of the production of mAbs anti‐CXCR4 and CD26, which will serve as a subsidy to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed treatments. Finally, it is expected that the variation in the expression profiles of the CXCR4 and CD26 genes actually encode significant differences in the prognosis of the CRC, besides helping in the medical decision making regarding effective chemotherapeutic strategies. Financial support: Fiocruz, CNPq, FIOCÂNCER IRR.


Genetic structure in five Phlebotominae (Lutzomyia spp.), townsendi series, verrucarum group, in Colombia (Diptera: Prychodidae). Sixteen isoenzyme patterns were analyzed for five Colombian Lutzomyia species. The average unbiased expected heterozygosity levels ranged from 0.098 (Lu. youngi) to 0.215 (Lu. torvida). The five species samples, taken all the isoenzymes employed, were significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by homozygous excess with classical as well as Markov chain exact tests. Possible causes: (1) Wahlund effect within populations due to subdivision and/or sampling. Endogamy could be dis- carded because these loci were affected by highly different levels of homozygous excess. (2) Null alleles could be not discarded, at least for some isoenzymes. The hierarchical Wrights F analysis showed high and significant values for each parameter. The average F IT value was 0.655 with a conspicous homozygous excess at a global level (all species taken together); the average F IS value was significantly positive (0.515) as well, with homozy- gous excess within each species. The genetic heterogeneity between the fives species was noteworthy (F ST = 0.288), indicating clear genetic differentiation. The more related species pairs were Lu. longiflocosa-Lu. torvida (0.959) and Lu torvida-Lu. spinicrassa (0.960); while Lu. torvida-Lu. youngi (0.805) and Lu. quasitownsendi- Lu. youngi (0.796) were the most divergent (Neis genetic identity matrix). UPGMA and Wagner algorithms showed that the most divergent species was Lu. youngi, whereas the most related were Lu. longiflocosa-Lu. tor- vida and Lu torvida-Lu. spinicrassa. A spatial autocorrelation analysis (Morans I index) revealed a very weak, or inexistent spatial structure, which means that the speciation events between these species were independent from the geographic distances from where they currently live. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (4): 1717-1739. Epub 2008 December 12.


The polyamine biosynthetase, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), involved in tumor promotion, was investigated in grossly normal mucosa obtained from surgically resected large bowel; 48 cases with and six cases without large bowel cancer. The mucosal ODC activity was significantly higher in 17 multiple tumor cases bearing adenocarcinoma(s) plus adenoma(s) than in 31 solitary tumor cases bearing one adenocarcinoma alone. It was higher in the mucosa of the two groups of cases than in the mucosa of individuals without large bowel cancer. Furthermore, the enzyme activity in left‐sided cancer cases was significantly higher than that in right‐sided cancer cases. Carcinoma tissue showed a remarkable high level of enzyme activity, compared with the normal mucosa. The results indicate the larger the number of tumors the higher the level of the ODC activity in the normal mucosa, particularly in left‐sided cancer cases. It is concluded that the mucosal ODC may provide a good biological marker to detect individuals at higher risk for large bowel cancer due to exogenous or endogenous factors, and thus contribute to the prevention of mortality from large bowel cancer.


This paper relates first to the changes brought about in glass solids bounded by plane surfaces, by exposure to high temperatures, the main object of the paper being to elucidate the changes which have taken place in vitreous, and once vitreous, rocks by comparing the phenomena of natural devitrification with similar phenomena effected by artificial means. The first case considered is that of a piece of thick plate glass which has been totally devitrified under conditions described in detail in the paper. In the roughly broken specimen the fractured surface sufficiently reveals the fact that crystallisation has taken place throughout the mass, while other specimens subsequently described by the authors demonstrate beyond question that the crystallisation has started at the surfaces and has travelled inwards. In this particular specimen the crystallisation has advanced from the different surfaces until the various sets of crystals have arrested one another in very definite planes, whose traces are clearly perceptible on a fractured surface.


Traditionally intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been viewed as an ideal passive phase shifter with no mutually coupled elements. For this assumption to hold, IRS inter element spacing needs to be at least Nyquist spacing, thereby increasing overall aperture size with number of IRS elements. In this paper, we consider reverse problem wherein the aperture size is fixed. Here, packing more elements in a given space to enhance system performance results in mutual coupling and correlated fading. We consider an IRS aided communication network for a point-to-point (P2P) MIMO system with closely spaced transmit, receive and IRS antenna arrays. We derive channel models for various propagation scenarios and validate the theoretical expressions with actual antenna simulations. We allow for an arbitrary array configuration made from a material with finite conductivity. We show that such a communication network can be expressed as an equivalent MIMO system whose overall channel matrix is a non-linear function of IRS loading. The capacity expression is also a non-convex function of loads attached to IRS. We propose a proximal distance based algorithm to optimize capacity and analyze the effect of coupling aware optimization. Our results indicate capacity benefits on orders of 2-2.5 times for tightly coupled arrays when well designed optimization is performed using more accurate communication model that accounts for mutual coupling as opposed to naive methods that ignore coupling.


A decomposition procedure has been proposed for the Wiener index W of molecules containing nonsaturated CC bonds. The logarithms of the n-octanol/water partition coefficients (log P) of 81 hydrocarbons were correlated with components of the Wiener index. It was found that at least three types of conjugated CC bonds should be distinguished in order to explain the variation in the values of log P in terms of components of W. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


................................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES.........................................................................................................................ix LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..........................................................................1 Purpose................................................................................................1 Guiding Questions ..................................................................................2 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................................................4 Policy and Legislation Addressing Functional Practices .......................................4 Division of Early Childhood (DEC): Recommended Practices .................................7 Recommended Practice: Authentic Assessment .......................................8 Recommended Practice: Interdisciplinary Models ....................................11 Adult Learning Theory .............................................................................15 Professional Development to Support Changes in Practice ...................................18 Approaches to Support Access and Participation in Early Childhood ......................19 Description of the Team Analysis of Preschoolers in Routines ...............................24 vi Comparison of Approaches to Support Access and Participation ..............................27 CHAPTER 3: METHODS .................................................................................31 Research Methodology.............................................................................31 Study Design.........................................................................................32 Sampling Procedures ...............................................................................34 Setting and Participants .............................................................................34 Human Subjects Committee Approval and Recruitment ......................................38 Professional Development Procedures and Components .....................................38 Data Collection .....................................................................................41 Data Analysis .......................................................................................48 Trustworthiness .....................................................................................50 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS .................................................................................54 Results Part I: Inquiry's Starting Point .........................................................57 Program Personnel ........................................................................58 Existing Program Practices ..............................................................59 Relevant Program History ...............................................................66 Results Part II: Inquiry Results ..................................................................69


1PG Student (MTech in Structural Engineering), Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, 2Senior Vice President, Transys Consulting Pvt Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, 3Professor, Department of Civil Engg, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, 4PG Student (MTech in Structural Engineering), Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Numerous bridges are skewed due to geometry and geography and their performance and conforming analysis has to be advanced to absolutely complete analysis objectives. This work has used a tactic of comprehensive finite element analysis to comprehend the performance of skew bridges. This thesis engrossed on the effect of skew on the behaviour of composite girder bridges. To study the Bending moment, Shear force and Torsional impact on skew bridge. The skew angles considered were 0°, 20° and 40° with span length of 36m. The skew bridges have been modelled and analysed through CSIBridge software. Results of skew bridges are compared with non-skew bridges. Ultimate limit state design is carried out in the design process referring to IRC codes.


The South Wales study into social and psychological problems of the family with a spina bifida child has now been extended into the school situation. The Head and class teacher of infant schools are being interviewed, and an educational psychologist is testing the child and his sibs.


This presentation begins by addressing the issue of effective open and distance learning (ODL) and then outlines the conditions for effectiveness and their impacts on student motivation and persistence. Despite the many studies showing that graduation rates for open and distance learning are between 20% and 45%, the strategies implemented by the University of Montreal team have resulted in over 90% graduation rates from demanding university programs. This presentation aims to provide a greater understanding of the strategies liable to foster successful open and distance learning in Africa.


This study presents an integrated framework for assessing the performance of e-governance projects. The integrated framework has been developed based on review of literature exercise as, a total of 922 studies were initially obtained from SCOPUS of which 64 studies were selected using focused exclusion and inclusion criteria. The review highlighted that citizens were the dominant user groups being studied while other stakeholders (like government, firms) were rarely covered in such studies. The review identified a total of 126 constructs which were further clubbed in to groups like people, technology, policy, institution and economic. An integrated framework for assessment of e-governance projects is developed. This integrated framework had identified dominant constructs. For people group, these are ease of use, usefulness, user awareness & satisfaction, adoption and social benefits & influence. For technology group, these are accessibility, infrastructure, reliability and website maturity. For policy group, these are laws & policies, privacy & security, transparency & user trust and effectiveness & empowerment. For economic group, these are affordability & cost of service and funding sustainability. For institution group, these are availability & performance, management support, quality (system, service and information) and operational efficiency. Validation of the relevance of this framework was done through qualitative case studies. One such study is the Passport Project of Ministry of External Affairs (a central government initiative, for citizens). Another such study is the Excise Supply Chain Information Management Systems for Liquor distribution in Delhi (a state government initiative for businesses). The relevance of the conceptual framework is explored using these case studies.


The political reform in the Russian Federation is almost competed. Its main trend is the change of political parties place, their role and functional content that transforms them from an ordinary political actor into a key part of the state political system. The author considers main features of Russias political parties through the prism of real political practice, where the decision-making process is a key component.


Aiming at the purpose of rescue, obstacle breaking, escape and refuge, high-power motor drive control technology, video signal acquisition technology, wireless communication technology, wireless video signal transmission and processing technology, sensor data acquisition technology, multi degree of freedom mechanical motion control design, fire source search and fire fighting technology are adopted to realize the risk of serious harm to public safety In case of emergency or major disaster, under the wireless remote control and automatic control, instead of the rescue personnel, they will visit the dangerous situation or disaster scene in person, send back the video image of the bad environment in real time, and can put out the fire, and help the rescue personnel to obtain accurate field information, minimize the loss of people's life and property, and reduce the impact on the life and health of the firefighters. The test shows that the design scheme of the system is feasible, which provides a feasible solution for the rescue work in the event of a major disaster. The system will have a broad market prospect after being productized.


The Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) design of aircraft and spacecraft has to consider the shielding effectiveness of metal braids around wires and cable bundles. The EMC design is usually supported by modeling and measurement of the transfer impedance of representative samples of metal braids. In practice it turns out that results of modeling tools and measurements are not always in good agreement, in particular for the higher frequencies in the MHz region. It appears that both modeling tools and measurement methods are subject to uncertainties. The objective of the present paper is to investigate these uncertainties. Therefore, a sensitivity analysis is applied to an analytical transfer impedance model. Results indicate that the determination of the average height between the carriers of a braided shield is a critical quantity to obtain accurate transfer-impedance predictions at high frequencies. Moreover, a multi-conductor transmission line (MTL) model for the line injection method as set-up for transfer impedance measurements is presented. This MTL model is used to analyse the sensitivity of termination loads and permittivities, and to show the differences in resonance effects on transfer impedance measurements caused by impedance mismatches and by differences in propagation speeds inside and outside the coax under test. Finally, uncertainties in the measurement set-up are discussed. Finally, uncertainties in the measurement set-up are discussed. Finally, uncertainties in the measurement set-up are discussed.


Gardener's Theory of Multiple Intelligences [Gardner 1997] has implications for how we can develop lessons to cover various concepts and topics. The concept of number systems is presented, framed w...


way in which he has been traditionally understood by most Christians. It is an approach which claims to place little importance on dogma and doctrine and, therefore, dismisses the significance of differences in this sphere. In reality, however, such differences must be acknowledged. Dismissing them in sweeping generalizations does not contribute much to the process of mutual understanding. At the other end, however, we can intensify the emphasis on our differences and overlook or explain away all coincidences. To many who are acquainted with both traditions, the identities which are argued for here may appear to be insignificantly obvious. But a sharing between two traditions about the cardinal values which constitute the spiritual life, and which should light up our conduct in the world, can never be without significance. These are not the peripheral concerns of any religion, but may be said to lie at the very heart of their meaning. There remains the challenging and compelling fact that on the basis of very different 'readings', 'interpretations' or 'responses' to ultimate reality and the human predicament, there is a certain vital coincidence about the values of authentic spirituality. This cannot but hold some meaning, and the suggestions and implications of this meaning will have to be considered by our traditions individually and jointly. Here I can only think of a few of the innumerable questions. Does it mean that there are different ways of 'reading' the same reality, and that our traditions are employing one or the other of these standpoints? Are these standpoints incompatible and, if so, where does this incompatibility lie? Can different standpoints in some way complement each other? And does it imply that all our categories and standpoints are in some way limited and partial, and that the reality we are 'reading' ultimately transcends them all?


Background—Pulmonary hypertension is a hallmark of high-altitude pulmonary edema and may contribute to its pathogenesis. Cardiovascular adjustments to hypoxia are mediated, at least in part, by the sympathetic nervous system, and sympathetic activation promotes pulmonary vasoconstriction and alveolar fluid flooding in experimental animals. Methods and Results—We measured sympathetic nerve activity (using intraneural microelectrodes) in 8 mountaineers susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary edema and 7 mountaineers resistant to this condition during short-term hypoxic breathing at low altitude and at rest at a high-altitude laboratory (4559 m). We also measured systolic pulmonary artery pressure to examine the relationship between sympathetic activation and pulmonary vasoconstriction. In subjects prone to pulmonary edema, short-term hypoxic breathing at low altitude evoked comparable hypoxemia but a 2- to 3-times-larger increase in the rate of the sympathetic nerve discharge than in subjects resistant to ed...


Recent research on international differences in the dividend policy provides conflicting evidence on catering theory of dividends. Using a sample of over 25,000 firm-year observations, we find a substantial variation in the propensity to pay dividends. We determine that larger firms, firms with higher profitability, and firms with lower growth opportunities have a higher propensity to pay dividends. Further, we document important cross-sectional differences in the presence of catering effects driven by legal regime, the extent of anti-director rights, and ownership concentration. We also find evidence that catering effects persist even after controlling for agency cost-based lifecycle proxies. Overall, we conclude that catering remains an important factor in explaining international dividend policies.


Steel reinforced concrete(SRC)was used to reinforce concrete columns with extremely low strength(only 12.1 MPa or lower) and the expected results have been achieved.This is a successful experiment and practice.SRC will be more commonly employed in buildings requiring high seismic resistance,such as high-rise buildings and bridges.


We describe the DA-Cell™ system, a novel wall-less plate and laminar-flow cell washer that enables the automated washing of suspension cells and retains more than 95% cells at a fraction of the time and with higher viability of cells. The wall-less DropArray (DA) plate consists of an array of 96 hydrophilic spots separated and surrounded by a hydrophobic surface, which functions as a virtual wall. In a typical immunostaining assay, a 50 μl drop, containing cells and antibody mix, is dispensed on each spot of the DA plate. During incubation, cells settle on the surface of the spots. The plate then undergoes a laminar-flow washing process in DA-Cell washer by repeated cycles of aspiration and dispensing of buffer through two sets of nozzles. The controlled buffer flow minimizes turbulence and cell loss. The cell washing process only requires 3–4 minutes by eliminating the need of a centrifuge, which also reduces stress on the cells and possible cross-contamination of antibodies on cell membranes, leading to better segregation of cell populations in flow cytometry. Additional incubation time of 10–20 minutes improves cell retention to more than 99%. Most importantly, cell incubation and washing on a DA-Cell system minimizes operator variability as mixing and washing steps are mechanically controlled and mostly automated, significantly improving reproducibility and consistency of flow cytometry analysis.
 Here, we show a series of immunostaining assays comparing the DA-Cell system with a conventional centrifugation. Based on the staining index, absolute cell counts and additional data, we demonstrate that the DA-Cell system produces superior data while simplifying and expediting cell preparation for flow cytometry analysis.


Generalizing previous models of hypergraph coloring — due to Voloshin, Drgas-Burchardt and Lazuka, and the present authors – in this paper we introduce and study the structure class that we call stably bounded hypergraphs. In this model, a hypergraph is viewed as a six-tuple H = (X, E , s, t,a, b), where s, t,a, b : E → N are given integer-valued functions on the edge set. A mapping φ : X → N is a proper vertex coloring if it satisfies the following conditions for each edge E ∈ E : the number of colors in E is at least s(E) and at most t(E), while the largest number of vertices having the same color inside E is at least a(E) and at most b(E). Taking different subsets of {s, t,a, b} (as combinations of nontrivial conditions on colorability) result in a hierarchy of structure classes with respect to vertex coloring. The main issue of this paper is to carry out a detailed analysis of how those classes are related. This includes the study of possible chromatic polynomials and 'feasible sets' — that is, the set Φ(H) of integers k such that H has a proper vertex coloring with exactly k colors — with or without assuming that the number of vertices is the same under the different combinations of color-bound conditions, or restricting the edge sizes. Furthermore, substantial change is observed concerning the algorithmic complexity of recognizing hypergraphs that are uniquely colorable and Φ(H) = { |X| − 1}.


One of the main goals in the use of model observers is to serve as an accurate predictor of human observer performance. However, there have been relatively few studies that evaluate model observers in untrained conditions. In this work we evaluate the generalization properties of commonly used model observers using results from a psychophysical study investigating the effect of apodization in low-dose CT from a set of three lesion discrimination tasks. The study involved a total of 24 experimental conditions across three factors (task, system resolution, and apodization). This data allows us to explore the effects of different training regimes on predictive accuracy. We evaluate the Pre-Whitening Matched Filter (PWMF), "Eye-Filtered" Non-Pre-Whitening (NPWE) and Sparse-Channelized Difference-of-Gaussian (SDOG) models for predictive performance, and we compare various training and testing regimens. These include "training" by using reported values from the literature, training and testing on the same set of experimental conditions, and training and testing on different sets of experimental conditions. Of this latter category, we use both leave-one-condition-out for training and testing as well as a leave-one-factor-out strategy, where all conditions with a given factor level are withheld for testing. Our approach may be considered a fixed-reader approach, since we use all available readers for both training and testing. Our results show that training models improves predictive accuracy in these tasks, with predictive errors dropping by a factor of two or more in absolute deviation. However, the fitted models are not fully capturing the effects apodization and other factors in these tasks.


We describe the design and performance of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) which operates at a base temperature of 30 mK in a vector magnetic field. The cryogenics is based on an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) top-loading wet dilution refrigerator that contains a vector magnet allowing for fields up to 9 T perpendicular and 4 T parallel to the sample. The STM is placed in a multi-chamber UHV system, which allows in-situ preparation and exchange of samples and tips. The entire system rests on a 150-ton concrete block suspended by pneumatic isolators, which is housed in an acoustically isolated and electromagnetically shielded laboratory optimized for extremely low noise scanning probe measurements. We demonstrate the overall performance by illustrating atomic resolution and quasiparticle interference imaging and detail the vibrational noise of both the laboratory and microscope. We also determine the electron temperature via measurement of the superconducting gap of Re(0001) and illustrate magnetic field-dependent measurements of the spin excitations of individual Fe atoms on Pt(111).


APPLIANCE ENERGY GERACcO, GERACcO HYDROGEN CONTAINER, FUNCTIONAL MATERIAL, AND, METHODS FOR hydrogenate A FUNCTIONAL MATERIAL, AND TO REDUCE A FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS. This invention relates to a power generation unit including two systems. In one system, a hydrogen gas is generated by hydrolysis, and a hydrogen demand unit generates electricity. In another system, electric power is generated based on a chemical reaction of a redox electrode and lons. The power generation system includes a hydrogen release unit with a container for hydrogen generation in which a functional material is mounted. Alternatively, a construction in which the functional material is mounted on the negative and positive electrodes and a battery element including the positive and negative electrodes and an electrolyte within the container is provided may be adopted. The power generation apparatus further includes a unit for hydrogen generation including a liquid container that generates a hydrogen gas either through hydrolysis, in which the functional material is reacted with water or an aqueous solution (electrolysis solution) , or by binding of hydrogen atoms that sit between crystals due to a change of quality of functional material by hydrolysis, a first electrogenic unit in which the battery element in the hydrogen generation vessel generates electricity, a second unit electrogenic wherein the hydrogen demand unit generates electricity by using a hydrogen gas produced in the hydrogen generation vessel, a control unit applying electric power generated by the first unit electrogenic to a load device, based on the current amount load, controls the amount of hydrogen gas generated by the unified of hydrogen generation.


The university charter is the most important legal expression and comprehensive restriction of the spirit,the function orientation and the management structure of a university.Making the university charter is also the process of summarizing its history,identifying its distinctive features and planning its future.So in making the charter,a right balance should be struck between universality and individuality,reality and ideal,internationality and locality so as to cultivate and highlight the university spirit and explore the ways to rule the school by law and construct a modern university institution.


Urbanization process often destroys the underground architectural heritage in China today, the paper analyzes the four possible ways of destruction in the process, introduces the tech- nical methods and the basic research works and some necessary measures in law and regulations.


It has not been quite long before that the Greening technology with the application of bryophyte introduced throughout the world. The fundamental principle is based on, so called, "The Fixation Method of Moss" - how to fix the moss on the surface of man-made structure, by which the growth can be made under the condition of appropriate precipitation and sunlight given along with its physiological characteristics; desiccation-tolerance, poikilohydry. On the other hand, now that the growing condition accommodated solely by this fixation method is not enough for moss to grow at appropriate speed even in natural condition, a certain method for commercialization needs to be developed for complement purpose in order to meet market needs. This method needs to be supplemented with some provisions for commercialization such as, early-settlement of moss, engineering consideration on its structural system, and its aesthetic quality This Greening technology with bryophyte introduced for the first time in Korea in the year of 2004 has been advancing somewhat its technical progress through the trial-error process. The fixation techniques have been developed in two different types of "Sheet base" and "Mat base" focused on How-to-Moss Fixation. Moreover, the "Mattress base" and the "Mattress base with Water Tank" have been reinforced with the combination of the two techniques, "Fixation" and "commercialization" As the result of analyzing the mentioned type bases, the "Sheet base" and the "Mat base" appeared to involve some existing extreme results. In the mean time, "Mattress base" and the "Mattress base with Water Tank" appeared to show the favorable results implicating the possible complement to the two former Type Bases under the relatively secured state in terms of moss' growth and settlement in place up to the latest research study.


Background: Observational and intervention studies suggest ingestion of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids plays a role in child neurodevelopment. Objective: To assess whether maternal dietary intake of ome...


This article deals with the recreation of Lisbon in Basque literature and music. It is divided in three parts. The first one analyses the last Basque novel set in Lisbon: Jon Arretxe's Fatum. In it, Lisbon is not merely a scenario, but a character in itself of the novel's argument, a fundamental, ever-present character, with greater relevance than the main character itself, Mario Barbosa. In fact, the story is constantly interrupted with the description of streets and squares of Lisbon, in which the story develops. The second part concentrates in other works of Basque literature which refer to Lisbon and to Portugal in general, due to, in most cases, the awe that many Basque writers feel towards Fernando Pessoa. Finally, the third part deals with the connections between Lisbon and Portugal on one hand and contemporary Basque music in the other throughout its several branches (folk, rock, etc.).


The improper maintenance and impurities deposition in the lube oil pipe line led to wear and increase of roughness on the shaft neck surface in four turbines of Liaoning Tieling Power Plant,and thus influenced the performance of the bearings.The improved overhaul process and the scheme of high flux flushing for turbine oil system were described in detail.The oil quality could reach the requirements for start-up after circulation filtering in rather short time by adopting that scheme.


A conceptual spaces approach is a midway representation to bridge a gap between too detailed raw data from sensory receptors and too coarse symbolic knowledge representations. This paper provides a robust framework for representing properties and concepts that are core elements for many cognitive tasks within conceptual spaces. We use the Voronoi diagram and its dual Delaunay triangulation to define indeterminate property boundaries with lower and upper bounds. We compare and contrast this approach with some other polygonization methods


ACL reconstruction surgery shows low incidence of complications (1.38%) like DVT, Infection, patellar tendon rupture and fractures whether in the proximal tibia or the distal femur. We hereby present two cases that have had the rare complication of proximal tibial fracture. The circumstances of each case are discussed together with discussion of similar cases described in the literature. We tried in the end to have an idea about the possible causes and how to prevent such a devastating event. Case presentation: Case 1 shows a 38-year-old female patient who had an ACL reconstruction surgery by BTB graft followed by iatrogenic proximal tibial fracture managed by open reduction internal fixation by T plate and screws. Case 2 shows a 28-year-old male patient who had an ACL reconstruction surgery by BTB graft also followed by Proximal tibial fracture 3 weeks later managed by open reduction internal fixation using a locked plate and screws. Discussion: Fractures are a rare complication that may follow ACL reconstruction surgery. These fractures can be femoral or tibial that may be due to the reduction of the bone strength as a result of the drill holes which behave as a stress riser. We also suggest that usage of osteotomes during grafting plays a role in these fractures. Management of these fractures is either by open reduction and internal fixation or closed reduction. What is known about the subject: Patellar fractures are a known complication of ACL reconstruction using patellar tendon graft. What this study adds to the existing knowledge: Raising the Knowledge that also the tibia can be fractured as a complication of patellar tendon harvesting not only the patella.


The invention relates to a framework (200) for vehicle (100) terrestrial transportation of passengers, in particular bus type, characterized in that said frame (200) is formed by assembling, between them, at least two modules (202-206) independent, previously manufactured.


Tracking an object's 3D location and pose has generally been limited to high-cost systems that require instrumentation of the target object and its environment. We investigate the possibility of using only the Microsoft Kinect's depth and RGB image data to track objects at a low cost, without any object instrumentation. First, we describe our GUI and viewer for 3D Kinect data that allows the user to quickly segment the target object's point cloud. Next, a 2D tracking algorithm computes a color histogram of the segmented point cloud and searches for it in live image data to guess the object's location as it moves. Finally, seeded by this guess, the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is used to estimate the transformation of the object's original point cloud in the live point cloud. Along with other optimizations, we show that combining 2D tracking and ICP makes it possible to perform real-time, accurate 3D object tracking using the Kinect. 1. Background and Motivation Object tracking, or video tracking, is the task of capturing the 3D position and pose of an object from frame to frame. It has become an important tool in many applications, ranging from HCI to robotics. In the film industry, producers have been able to generate realistic character animations that mirror an actor's tracked movement in the real world. In robotics, a robot can not only follow a tracked object over time, but can also learn about 3D manipulations that can be performed on that object. In many more sub-fields of AI, 3D information arguably offers a new modality for learning, analysis and action. Until recently, the benefits of 3D object tracking have been reserved for those who can afford high-cost motion tracking systems, such as those offered by Vicon, which are priced upwards of $10,000, These systems involve placing reflective markers on the tracked object, describing its 3D structure in a GUI, and then placing many IR cameras around the room to capture and synthesize various perspectives on the object to compute the position and pose of the tracked object. Although the tracking data produced by these systems is precise and reliable for rigid models, the calibration process is fragile and needs to be repeated anytime a camera is accidentally moved. Furthermore, requiring a user to manually mark and describe the 3D shape of an object decreases the usability of the system and limits the number of scenarios in which objects can be tracked. Finally, as mentioned before, the cost of these systems is above-budget for most individuals and many small R&D labs, making the world of 3D object tracking largely inaccessible. With the advent of the Microsoft Kinect priced cheaply at around $130, depth data in indoor scenes has been made available to a much larger development community. While most projects utilizing the Kinect have focused on direct human-computer interaction involving human skeleton tracking and gesture recognition, relatively little research has focused on 3D object tracking. This is an exciting prospect, not only because of the Kinect's low cost, but because the tracking methodology would require little instrumentation of the environment (one camera vs. >3 cameras) and no physical marking of the tracked object. In this project, we show that it is possible to combine data from the Kinect's depth and RGB cameras to track objects in real time, at a low cost and without any object instrumentation.


The utility model discloses an automatic insertion processing device, particularly an automatic insertion drilling machine. The automatic insertion drilling machine effectively lowers the work intensity, enhances the production efficiency, effectively ensures the product quality, and has higher safety. The automatic insertion drilling machine comprises an index plate, a feeding device, a discharging device, a chamfering mechanism and a drilling mechanism, wherein the chamfering mechanism comprises a chamfering drill and a chamfering motor; the drilling mechanism comprises a drill and a drilling motor; the chamfering drill is connected with the output end of the chamfering motor; the drill is connected with the output end of the drilling motor; the index plate is symmetrically provided with a plurality of insertion locating slots; and the upper part of the index plate is sequentially provided with the feeding device, chamfering drill, drill and discharging device in the rotation direction of the index plate.


INCE this century began, ecologists have attempted understanding mental s disorders within the same conceptual system as they conceive crime, broken homes, suicide and all other forms of deviant and normative behaviour. This attempt involves relating such forms to general social processes by showing that the chances for occurrence of these forms correspond to the degree of social disorganization or stability in each &dquo;natural area&dquo; of the defined universe. The inchoate phase of this approach is seen in Sutherland's 1901 topography of &dquo;lunacy&dquo; in Scotland (ref. 32), in White's geogiaphy of &dquo;insanity&dquo; for the America of 1903 (ref. 35), and in MacDermott's topography of &dquo;insanity&dquo; in England, 1908 (ref. 17). The secondary phase emerged in 1932 wherein allocation of cases to place of onset became confined to cities, cities which were delineated as describing a kind of centre-to-fringe, ordinal scale with reference to disorganized conditions (ref. 8). Beyond the 1932 topographical distributions of mental illness in Chicago and Providence, the fundamental approach has remained without notable change.


ABSTRACT To flexibly adjust behaviour to that of other people around us requires some representation of their overt actions, but also of the driving forces behind them, that is, their goals, intentions, and emotions. Socio-affective and -cognitive functions enable such representations via creating vicarious affective states in the observer (empathy) or by accumulating abstract, propositional knowledge of another person's mental state (Theory of Mind). While the empathic sharing of another's emotions is implemented by those neural networks that also process first-hand emotion, Theory of Mind activates a widespread network that seems to process information independent of its specific modality or content. Crucially, these two routes can function independently as individual differences in the respective capacities and network activations are unrelated and selective impairments in one or the other function occur in psychopathology. However, they may co-activate and co-operate in complex social situations, determining how prosocially interactive behaviour unfolds.


Introduction. The motivation for this research is the social contradiction between the need of the modern Russian state for effective socio-cultural integration of various regions of the country, on the one hand, and yet insufficient consideration of the peculiarities of their estate social structure in this process. The purpose of the article is to consider the estate class structure of the regions of Russia as one of the factors of their socio-cultural integration.

Materials and Methods. The object of the study is the socio-cultural integration of Russian regions. The subject is the role of the estate class structure of regions in the process of their socio-cultural integration. A number of general scientific methods are used in this study: analysis, synthesis, induction, formalization, idealization, hypothetical-deductive method, analysis of scientific literature, secondary analysis of empirical studies, analysis of state statistics. As the main was used estate structure approach and variants of the socio-cultural approach. Structural and functional concepts were also used.

Results. It was found that the elements of estate class structure such as titular or non-titular estates are not equally represented in different regions of the country. The definition of the concept of socio-cultural integration of regions is introduced. The role of the estate class structure of the regions in the process of their socio-cultural integration is determined. It is concluded that the combination of estate and stratification (class) structures of society, due to the inevitable contradictions between them, can lead to the emergence of institutional, value and other social conflicts that act as an obstacle to effective socio-cultural integration of regions. This may lead to the socio-cultural fragmentation and disintegration of regions.

Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to enhance the effectiveness of the socio-cultural integration of Russian regions, as well as to improve regional social policy. Further analysis of this problem involves the conducting of comparative studies based a special technique that makes it possible to identify people's belonging to certain estates, social classes and strata.


Previous studies have shown that non-native English speakers (NNES) have lower confidence levels at the beginning of the term and higher academic expectations for themselves throughout the term. Additionally, although non-native English speakers study for longer hours compared to native English speakers (NES), there were not any differences in their grades. To better understand the experiences of NNES learning Computer Science in a U.S university, we examined possible factors that may contribute to differences in stress and sense of belonging between NES and NNES. From our investigation using weekly surveys, we did not find any significant difference in the stress level reported by NES and NNES. However, we found differences in the factors that contribute to the stress level of NES and NNES. Factors such as 'personal life' and 'requirements for other classes' were major factors that contributed towards the stress level of NES, whereas 'embarrassment asking for help' and 'self doubt' were more common among NNES. As for sense of belonging, we found no significant difference between NES and NNES. Additionally, we found that the number of classmates that NES feel comfortable reaching out to is not a factor affecting their sense of belonging in an introductory computer science class. \endabstract


Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China Material‐ and Geo‐Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany Institute for Telecommunications Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany


Background. Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding protein, that has been shown to be involved in many cell functions, such as adhesion, growth, proliferation, malignant transformation and apoptosis. The expression of galectin-3 is observed in many human tissues, but its most important feature is the fact, that it achieves significantly higher concentrations in neoplasmatic thyroid cells. Objectives. The objective of the study was to analyze the expression of galectin-3 in benign and malignant thyroid nodules. We also tried to estimate the correlations between the intensity of galectin-3 expression and staging and grading of thyroid malignancy. Material and methods. We studied 68 patients operated on for thyroid tumours at the 1 st Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Surgery of the Wroclaw Medical University between 1999 and 2004. The material for immunohistochemical studies was obtained from the Institute of Pathologic Anatomy of the Wroclaw Medical University. Results. In 28 of the 32 (87.5%) cases of analysed benign thyroid nodules (24 nodular goiter and 4 follicular adenomas) we found them to be negative for galectin-3 expression. In the 4 remaining cases (12.5%) – all nodular goiters – galectin-3 was expressed strongly and diffusely. In case of malignant lesions, in papillary carcinomas (all 31 cases, 100%) we have found high levels of expression of galectin-3 in many areas of the carcinomatous cells, such as the cytoplasm, the nucleus and cell membranes. In 5 follicular carcinomas (100%) we have also observed galectin-3 positivity, but less strongly and diffusely. Positivity for galectin-3 was also observed in stromal vessels of benign and malignant lesions as well as in areas of retrograde changes within thyroid follicles. Conclusions. 1. Basing upon our results we may conclude that galectin-3 immunohistochemical reaction seems to be a reliable tool in the diagnosis of papillary carcinomas and in distinguishing between nodular goiters and papillary carcinomas, i.e. the most frequent lesions. 2. Papillary carcinomas show a 100% expression of galectin-3. 3. Nodular goiters show variable positivity for galectin-3. 4. In follicular carcinomas the immunohistochemistry of galectin-3 is weaker.


The hand acupuncture, called Sujichim, is mostly conducted at home. Many people try to learn and apply the Sujichim treatment to the health care of their family. This paper proposes a mixed reality scheme for the hand acupuncture supporting system. Using our system, a novice can easily perform the acupuncture by himself to improve his body condition. Our system has two major phases: learning phase and operation phase. In learning phase, we extract the finger joint lines from the real world image, where the lines are very important for finding the acupuncture spots on a hand. In operation mode, user can easily make Sujichim treatment by the knowledge provided by the computer. According to the experiments, our system is proved to be very effective and easy to use.


McClune, K. Bernhardt, A. Shah	General versus regional anaesthesia in patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis	100

R. Liddicoat, A. Duffen, H. Howes, E. Hood, H. Wilson	Obstructive sleep apnoea outcomes after surgery: identifying high-risk patients from a high-risk group	51

W. Aslet, S. Holbrook	Implementing a dedicated COVID-19 post intensive care unit follow-up clinic to improve the follow-up of patients in a district general hospital	6

G. Chawla, L. Kanapeckaite, A. Ireson, G. Kandasamy, S. Philip	Post-COVID-19 elective surgery and transformation: exploring the role of ambulatory spinals in the high-risk patient population	14

M. [Extracted from the article]


This report promotes awareness to an emerging cannabisinduced syndrome that is beguiling to primary care doctors and gastroenterologist specialists and a major expense on the healthcare system. It is also a diagnosis of exclusion. Four different young adults presented with recurrent admissions complaining of intractable nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain with an incidental finding of excessive showering. They were all chronic heavy marijuana smokers. After extensive negative work up and observation of symptomatic cessation upon the discontinuation of marijuana, a diagnosis of exclusion was determined. Under the extrapolation of different animal model studies and basic science research, a hypothetical mechanism may explain why these patients present with these characteristic symptoms. The manifestation of chronic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) may not show until after a long time and is reproducible when exposure to Δ9-THC supersaturates the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB-1). Chronic Δ9-THC exposure appears to desensitize the gabanergic effects of CB-1 which is known to cause intestinal hypomotility, analgesia, and hypothermia. Extensive gastrointestinal workup is usually non-yielding and may impose financial burden on the healthcare system.


Tarakan was an oil-producing city had been known since 1896 that were explored in first time in authorized by Bataavishe Petroleum Maatchapij (BPM). The derrick was a petroleum drilling facility that were performed in steel truss structure. The derrick prototype had been modeled in 3D truss by utilizing SAP2000. The models had been classified into 2 models: perfect and imperfect models. The imperfections denoted by the percentage of elements loses (IM20, IM24), and IM16). Buckling analysis consisted in linear and nonlinear analysis had been evaluated. The 3D solid model (Abaqus) also performed for single element buckling. The results showed that perfect derrick model satisfied the strength and stability requirement . The percentage of element loss reduced the capacity 9.45%-37.83%. The IM16 model buckled at 4.27 T were based on nonlinear analysis and 18.50 T were based on linear analysis. The single elemen buckling was 20,63% of the largest compressive element. .


Stability analysis of the flywheel energy storage system supported by active magnetic bearings is studied in this paper. The system is designed to store 5kWh at maximum speed of 18,000 rpm and the gyroscopic coupling is strong that the dynamics of system changes with respect to the running speed. To analyze the stability of the system accurately, we derived mathematical models for the system components including the rotor, active magnetic bearings, amplifiers and sensors. The rotor model is based either on rigid-body dynamics or flexible rotor model using finite-element approach. We checked the stability of the system using the derived models and found that the model based rigid-body dynamics can be misleading, and an accurate rotor model using flexible rotor dynamics must be used in order to predict the stability properly.


The paper detailed expounds the intelligent attendance system, the design method,the purpose of the software process and can achieve results. The intelligentattendance system adopts the light emitting diode and photodiode photoelectricsensor circuit, complete student number recognition, by AT89S52 single chipmicrocomputer as the core, memory chip and display circuit constitute the mainpart of the system. The paper presents a smart attendance system hardwarecircuit design and software design flow chart.


Let $[n]=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ be a finite chain and let $\mathcal{P}_{n}$ be the semigroup of partial transformations on $[n]$. Let $\mathcal{CP}_{n}=\{\alpha\in \mathcal{P}_{n}: (for~all ~x,y\in Dom~\alpha)~|x\alpha-y\alpha|\leq|x-y|\}$, then $\mathcal{CP}_{n}$ is a subsemigroup of $\mathcal{P}_{n}$. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for an element in $\mathcal{P}_{n}$ to be regular and characterize all the Green's equivalences on the semigroup $\mathcal{CP}_{n}$.


Habitat Suitability Index model for fisher winter cover habitat based on habitat attributes such as structure, type and spatial arrangements.


Since 1949,especially in recent 20 years,the number of Beijing's residential building has increased rapidly.Such a fast development also has a great impact on the eco-environment.Generally,the methods of assessing the impact of buildings focus on the direct or local impact during the construction or using period.This article assesses the indirect impact of the building materials in a city's scale using the Life Cycle Assessment method.According to the analysis result,we find that the increase rate of residential buildings' impact is higher than that of the building area.Finally,we attribute this difference to the building structures and building materials.


PURPOSE: To reduce stresses due to the assembling of the micromechanical sensor. CONSTITUTION: In an assembling method for a micromechanical sensor, especially, a hole sensor or a pressure or acceleration sensor and at least silicon sensor element is fitted to a carrier, at least one silicon sensor element 10 is coupled with a carrier 20 through at least one of assembly pedestals 11 and 12, whose mount surface is smaller than the surface of the silicon sensor element 10. A gap 50 is formed between the carrier 20 and silicon sensor element 10 outside the ranges of at least one of the assembly pedestals 11 and 12.


A new article presents an experimental setup that combines electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and color impedance spectroscopy to investigate materials with voltage-modulated optical properties.A new article presents an experimental setup that combines electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and color impedance spectroscopy to investigate materials with voltage-modulated optical properties.


, Abstract OBJECTIVE— Down Syndrome affects 1/800 infants. Prenatal NAP+SAL prevents developmental delay in Ts65Dn mice. We investigated if this finding involves NMDA and GABA receptor subunits. STUDY DESIGN— Pregnant Ts65Dn mice were treated with placebo or NAP+SAL on gestational days 8-12. After developmental delay prevention was shown, 4 trisomic (Ts), 4 control and 3 Ts+NAP+SAL adult brains (from 3 litters) were collected. Calibrator-normalized RT-PCR was performed using NR2A, NR2B, GABA A α 5 and GABA A β 3 primers with GAPDH standardization. Statistics included ANOVA and Fisher PLSD with P<0.05 as significant. RESULTS— NR2A, NR2B and GABA A β 3 levels were decreased in Ts vs control (all P<0.05). Prenatal NAP+SAL increased NR2A, NR2B and GABA A β 3 to levels similar to control (all P<0.05). A significant difference in GABA A α 5 levels was not found. CONCLUSION— Prenatal NAP+SAL increases NR2A, NR2B and GABA A β 3 expression in adult Down Syndrome mice to levels similar to controls. This may explain how NAP+SAL improve developmental milestone achievement.


Despite the success of vision-based object grasping due to deep learning development, fixed-view object grasping methods still face information loss with limited performance. Recently some rule-based or heuristic-based methods have begun to sequentially consider multiple views to improve the perceptibility of the environment, which shows better performance. However, their sequence lengths are too short, or their viewpoint selection is myopic and ignores the long-term effect. This paper models sequential viewpoints selection as a Markov Decision Process. The Sequential Decided Multi-View Grasping (SDMVG) method is proposed based on reinforcement learning, and an RNN-based policy is introduced. Considering long-term return, SDMVG can generate viewpoints sequence which achieves most information gain. Numerical experiments show SDMVG can achieve ~ 10% accuracy improvement compared with rule-or heuristic-based baselines on Multi-View GraspNet Benchmark. Moreover, SDMVG approaches the global optimum with only ~ 1/40 wall time compared with the brute-force method.


Obesity has been one of the most important risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD). But the association of body mass index (BMI) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and incident proteinuria has not been studied well. The goal of this study was to elucidate the association of BMI with eGFR and proteinuria using nationwide health examination data. These associations were investigated with data of Korean adults who had undergone health screenings at least three times between 2009 and 2014. eGFR was calculated with Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology collaboration equation based on serum creatinine level. The association between BMI and eGFR was analysed with a generalized addictive model adjusting for possible confounders. Similarly, the association between BMI and incident proteinuria was analysed with Cox hazard model adjusting for possible confounders. As a result, a V-shape relationship between BMI and eGFR was observed. The nadir was around 29 kg/m. With subgroup analyses for the association between BMI and eGFR, a V-shape association was observed in men and younger age group and an inverse association was observed in women and older age group. A reverse J-shape association between BMI and the adjusted hazard ratio of incident proteinuria was observed. The nadir was approximately estimated around 22 kg/m.


Cities grow continuously and thereby environmental conditions deteriorate especially through pollution. The urban nature - urban green - becomes relevant considering its ecological, economic, and social functions which contributes significantly to the compensation and mitigation of environmental burdens. Through the application of indexes and interviews, we analyse the river banks in the Matanza Riachuelo watershed through an environmental perspective and the perception of residents. The results confirms that riparian areas are multidimensional. While riverbanks diminish their environmental quality along an urban to rural gradient, the environmental perception is more complex. Gender and the proximity of residents to the riparian edge influenced opinions and attitudes in the three sectors of the watershed.


This chapter discusses the relationship between "Allgemeine Didaktik" (General Didactics) and "Fachdidaktik" (Subject Didactics) and draws particular attention to the importance of the conception of "Bildung" in German pedagogy. With regard to Bildung this is seen to be central to the "anthropological basics and foundations" of educational sciences ("Erziehungswissenschaften"). The chapter discusses the nature of Didaktik which can be seen as the science whose subject is the planned (institutionalised and organised) support for learning to acquire Bildung.


The purpose of the research was, firstly, to investigate
the standard of competence and the degree of some learner
variables affecting competence, i.e. exposure, attitudes
and motivation, amongst Malay learners of ESL. Secondly,
the purpose was to investigate the strength of the
relationships between the variables under study.
The sample consisted of 441 Form Four pupils from
selected schools in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia, who
had learnt English for the past nine years. The
instruments used for data collection were an achievement
test, an exposure scale, an attitude scale and a
motivation scale.
The analysis of data was carried out by using the
crosstabulation and correlation procedures. The
statistical test of significance used was the chi-square.
The analysis of quantitative data revealed that:
(1) The standard of English competence among the
pupils was low.
(2) Pupils in urban schools performed better in
English than pupils in rural schools.
(3) Generally, the pupils received a low amount of
exposure to written English, radio and
television English, and unscripted spoken
English. 4) Their attitudes towards English and its speakers
were generally favourable.
(5) Their motivational orientations, desire to learn
and motivational intensity were strong. Their
integrative motivation seemed slightly stronger
than their instrumental motivation.
The correlation analysis revealed that:
(1) The relationships between competence and
exposure to written English, radio and
television English, and unscripted spoken
English were positive and significant.
(2) The relationship between competence and attitude
towards English was positive and significant.
But, the relationship between competence and
attitude towards its speakers was insignificant.
(3) The relationships between competence and
integrative motivation, desire to learn and
motivational intensity were positive and
significant. However, the relationship between
competence and instrumental motivation was
insignificant. Overall, the results did not always display high
correlations, and therefore in some cases, diminished the
importance of the independent variables as predictors of
competence.


Recurrent relationships of general form A(x + k) = aA(x) + b were shown to be applicable to the approximation not only of values of most physicochemical constants of organic compounds (A) indicating monotonous or oscillating variations within different homologous series (x = nC, k = 1 or 2), but also of the dependences of chromatographic retention parameters on the number of carbon atoms in homologue molecules (A = tR, x = nC) in gas and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In these cases the values of argument (the number of carbon atoms in the molecule) are integer by definition, while the functions are discrete. Besides that, the same recurrent equations describe the temperature dependence of retention times of analytes under isothermal separation conditions in gas chromatography (A = tR, x = T, k = ΔT = const) and the dependences of retention times on the concentrations of an organic solvent as an eluent component (A = tR, x = C, k = ΔC = const) under isocratic separation conditions in HPLC, which are the examples of the functions of continuous arguments. Key mathematical properties of recurrences explaining us their promising applications in chemistry and chromatography are discussed. The method to apply recurrent equations to arbitrary, not necessary equidistant, values of continuous arguments is considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A derivation is presented of the power spectral density of the coded mark inversion (CMI) line code in direct (baseband) as well as FM transmission. Curves of the power spectral density and the cumulative power distribution, which will be useful in band occupancy determination, are also presented.


The qualities of rotor spun yarn greatly depend on the fibre properties as well as processing parameters especially when the yarn is manufactured from 100% waste cotton. The purpose of this work was to observe the effect of the main vacuum pressure of the transfer channel and the additional suction pressure for the trash removal on the quality of rotor yarn produced from 100% waste cotton. Mixing of spinning waste and virgin cotton is a common phenomenon in the case of producing rotor yarn but yarn manufactured from 100% waste cotton is a very rare case. Very limited study has been performed in this research field. For that reason, the experimental work was done in order to observe the influence of main vacuum and additional suction pressure on the quality of rotor yarn manufactured from waste cotton. Quality parameters such as mass variation (CV m %), imperfection index, tenacity, and elongation of six 10Ne rotor yarn samples were investigated by varying different main vacuum pressure as well as additional suction pressure. The results revealed that 6kPa main vacuum pressure and 0.5kPa additional suction pressure were the ideal values considering the overall quality of yarn.


Abstract America is in the midst of a cultural transition. It was predicted that by the 21st century people of color would be the new majority. The impact upon the future work force has been recognized by the corporate world, and businesses are beginning to address the issues of managing a multicultural workplace. Addressing cultural diversity and differences is relatively new in the mental health arena. This paper will attempt to point up some of the challenges faced, the barriers to be addressed, and historical problems that exist. Also, some suggestions will be put forth to help mental health professionals and organizations work toward becoming more culturally competent. This paper will not deal with any particular culture in depth, but will attempt to identify and highlight the common cultural barriers that exist with Asians, Hispanics/Latinos, Native Americans, and African Americans that must be addressed by the mental health system to achieve cultural competency.


Susceptibilities of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 hospitals during June 1993 to May 1994 to various antimicrobial agents were compared with those in the same period of previous years according to a classification, uncomplicated UTIs, complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, and complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter. The susceptibilities of E. faecalis to chloramphenicol decreased. As for S. aureus, susceptible strains to minocycline (MINO) decreased in complicated UTIs. As for Citrobacter spp., and Enterobacter spp., their susceptibilities were not observed an obvious change. Against E. coli, the activities of cefotiam decreased in complicated UTIs, and aminoglycosides decreased. As for Klebsiella spp., susceptible strains to aminoglycosides decreased. The susceptibilities of P. mirabilis to all drugs except aminoglycosides and MINO were good. The susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa to quinolones isolated from complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter increased, but susceptible strains to aminoglycosides decreased. The susceptibilities of Serratia spp. to MINO has decreased. These data should be considered in clinical treatment of various urinary tract infections.


Electron-spin-resonance (ESR) is used to investigate the evolution of the local order surrounding the dangling bonds produced by hydrogen effusion in a-Si:H thin films prepared by both plasma-enhanced-chemical-vapor-deposition (PECVD) and hot-wire CVD (HWCVD). At 560 C, the HWCVD sample fully crystallizes after {approx}800 min, while the sample made by PECVD does not crystallize. The PECVD sample crystallizes at a higher temperature (580 C) and after a much longer annealing time ({Delta}t = 1300 min). The ESR signal of the defects in both samples remains at about 5 x 10{sup 18} cm{sup -3} as long as the sample remains amorphous during the grain nucleation period. In both HWCVD and PECVD samples, as the crystallites appear, the defect densities gradually decrease and saturate at about 3 x 10{sup 17} cm{sup -3} as the crystallization is completed.


The parallel machine scheduling problem is an important and difficult problem to be considered in the real-world situations. Traditionally, this problem consists of the scheduling of a set of independent jobs on parallel machines with the aim of minimizing the maximum job completion. In today's manufacturing systems, in which both early and tardy finishing of job processing are undesired, the objectives related to earliness and tardiness penalties have become increasingly popular. In this paper, two major goals are considered as follows: (1) total weighted earliness; (2) total weighted tardiness. Due to the complexity of such a hard problem, a new multi-objective meta-heuristic method, i.e. multi-objective scatter search (MOSS), is proposed to obtain the locally Pareto-optimal frontier where the simultaneous minimization of the above-mentioned objectives is desired. In order to validate the performance of the proposed MOSS method, in terms of solution quality and diversity level, various test problems are considered and the reliability of this method, based on different comparison metrics, is compared with the Elite Tabu Search (ETS) devised in this paper. The computational results show the high capability of the proposed MOSS method.


French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., 2n=22, family-Leguminosae), is a one of the most important leguminous vegetables. It is grown for the tender vegetable, shelled green beans and dry beans. In India it is grown for tender vegetable, while in the USA and European countries it is grown for processing in large quantities. Green beans are found in two major groups, bush beans and pole beans. Bush beans are short plants, growing to approximately two feet in height, without requiring supports. They generally reach maturity and produce all of their fruit in a relatively short period of time. Being a short duration crop French bean can be grown under different cropping patterns of hills and plains of India. In India, it is mainly grown in Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.


Facial feature tracking is a crucial and challenging task in computer vision. Recently online-learning methods have become increasingly popular on account of their strong ability to adapt to variations and have achieved good results in tracking. However, all previous work used only raw intensity to build the model, which is very sensitive to condition changes. In this work, we present a real time, fully automatic facial feature detection and tracking approach using adaptive observation models based on edge structure, which is more reliable especially when the lighting state alters during tracking. Experimental results demonstrate that using edge map measures in observation modeling can improve the accuracy and robustness of tracking.


Abstract: In this paper we propose a novel method for solving a nonlinear op-timization problem (NOP) under multipleequality and inequalityconstraints. TheKuhn-Tucker optimality conditions are used to transform the NOP into a mixedcomplementarityproblem(MCP).Withtheaidof(nonlinearcomplementarityprob-lem)NCP-functionsasetofnonlinearalgebraicequationsisobtained. Thenwede-velop a fictitioustime integration method to solve these nonlinear equations. Sev-eral numerical examples of optimization problems, the inverse Cauchy problemsand plasticity equations are used to demonstrate that the FTIM is highly efficientto calculate the NOPs and MCPs. The present method has some advantages ofeasy numerical implementation, ease of treating NOPs, and the ease of extensionto higher-dimensionalNOPs. Keyword: Nonlinear optimization problem, Mixed complementarity problem,NCP-functions,Fictitioustime integrationmethod (FTIM) 1 Introduction In thispaper we consider the followingnonlinearoptimizationproblem, subject toequalityand inequalityconstraints:min


Isogenic lines were developed in order to assess the precise effects of the 1BL/1RS translocation on quality characteristics and agronomic traits. Results showed that the translocation has a detrimental effect on sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volume, in any background. Yield was similar between translocated and non-translocated lines; however, lines carrying 1BL/1RS showed a significant increase in grain weight, together with a decrease in spike number per plant.


Abstract : This study proposes specific changes to joint, Service, and combined doctrine; organizational structure; and automated planning and reporting systems necessary to more effectively and efficiently conduct joint Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration (RSOI) in any combatant command's geographic area of responsibility (AOR). An analysis of existing joint, Service, and combined doctrine determined that there is very limited doctrine relating to joint RSOI processes. This study makes specific recommendations for changes to, or the creation of, new doctrine. An analysis of theater organizational structure determined that current structures for conducting RSOI and theater LOC operations are fragmented and duplicative among the Services. This study offers several options that could enhance a combatant command's ability to conduct RSOI operations. This study also examined existing and developing automated planning and reporting systems and recommends changes or modifications to these systems that could enable combatant commands to plan and conduct RSOI operations more effectively.


This article is based on a small study undertaken in 2001, which examined the experiences of and responses to sexual harassment and bullying adopted by different professionals (teachers, education social workers, youth workers and a school nurse) and by young people (12 to 25-year-olds). It draws together some of the literature relating to young people and sexuality, the main results and themes of the study, and ideas about ambiguity around sexuality in British secondary schools. The author explores six key themes: language, bullying, sex education, compulsory heterosexuality, visibility/invisibility and ambiguity. Applying Mary Douglas' notions of pollution and danger, the author shows how they provide a new perspective for understanding the harassment and bullying of young women and men, offering an explanation for the ambiguities and dissonance that professionals and young people experience in relation to violence in their schools.


Tourism brands have gained prominence among the most commonly used
strategies for tourism promotion in the last few decades. In theses brands configuration
have a significant role the ideas or "imaginary" that society has of the
sites advertised. Therefore, any tourism initiative with intention to prosper, to
become recognizable and successful claim, must be based on what the holders of
the brand and its recipients "think" of it.
The present test summarizes a study on how one presents the architectural
heritage in the tourist Brand of Mexico. The attention centres on the imaginary
tourist ones of the heritage and, especially, on the Mexican declared Heritage of
the Humanity for the UNESCO. The method of study has consisted of an analysis
of depth of the contents and images of the institutional advertising of the tourist
Brand of Mexico. The article ended with some references to the impact that
the tourist valuation of the heritage has in the actual Mexican tourist architecture.
The study's results show that, at least in the case of Mexico, exists a deeper
relationship between the Tourists brands and how the society understand and
manage the heritage of what we had hoped to find at the beginning of this research.


Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to study a bal cony spill plume. The CFD model CC-EXACT reported earlier was selected as the simulator. A linear correlation equation for the mass flow rates of a spill plume was derived and compared with those appearing in the literature.


An analytical solution is obtained for the problem of an infinite elastic medium containing a rigid toroidal inhomogeneity under remotely applied uniform strain. The traction on the torus surface is determined as a function of torus parameters and strain components applied at infinity. The results are utilized to calculate components of the stiffness contribution tensor of the rigid toroidal inhomogeneity that is required for calculation of the overall elastic properties of a material containing multiple toroidal inhomogeneities. The analytical results are verified by comparison with finite element model calculations.


Performance appraisal system is used in the organizations to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of their employees. Performance Appraisal system is needed because every employee has a different attitude to handle the work. Performance Appraisal tends to improve the work performance, communication expectations, determining employee potential and aiding employee counseling. In this paper we present the review of some popular performance appraisal techniques along with their pros and cons. Ranking, Graphic Rating Scale, Critical Incident, Narrative Essays, Management By Objectives, Assessment Centers, BARS, 360 Degree and 720 Degree are some performance appraisal techniques. KeywordsRanking, Graphic Rating Scale, Critical Incident, Narrative Essays, MBO, Assessment Centers, BARS, Human Resource Accounting, 360 degree appraisal,720 degree appraisal.


When preparation for this conference was in its early stages, the picture with respect t o hemoglobin oxygenation in cells seemed reasonably clear in its overall characteristics. Two lines of research, one concerned with oxygenation of sickle cell bloods and one with techniques for cell separation, seemed to converge nicely, and t o allow an evaluation of the "life history" of an erythrocyte with respect t o its oxygen transport function. In the succeeding months, however, this picture became increasingly complex as our knowledge increased of the properties of individual erythrocytes and the heterogeniety of erythrocytes in whole blood, not only morphologically but biochemically and physiologically. Thus this contribution is really in the nature of a progress report, of where we were, of the problems now apparent, and of the directions in which answers are beginning to emerge.


Variations in the local order of the amorphous phase of Si produced by ion implantation and subjected to rapid thermal annealing were studied using the Raman scattering technique. It was found that the low order amorphous phase was formed independently of implantation ion species for low dose, low energy implantation at room temperature. For high energy, high dose implantation with heavy ions, the ion beam annealing effects were apparent and the higher order amorphous phase was formed. Rapid thermal annealing produced transformation from the low order phase to the high order amorphous phase. The continuous transformation was completed when the detectable crystalline phase regrowth started.


Aquatic toxicology refers to impact of natural materials and manufactured chemicals on marine sources. Metal contamination is widely spread particularly in regions influenced by anthropogenic and industrial activities. The acute toxicity study (LC 50 ) of lead acetate to Danio rerio (zebrafish) at 96 hrs is determined as 354.8 ppm. The sub – lethal concentration 118.26 ppm of lead acetate is selected to carry out the biochemical estimations in tissues of zebrafish for 4 days by using standard methods. The results of the study indicated decrease in total lipids and increase in free fatty acid and cholesterol in gills, viscera and body of fish. The behavioral patterns such as irregular, erratic jerky swimming movement around the experimental aquaria, followed by drowning down has been observed during the exposure period. Therefore, measurement of biochemical parameter is considered to be significant tool in toxicology to diagnose the health status of fishes in the aquatic ecosystem.


The bidirectional flow of electrical power has aroused the need to monitor the distribution system (DS) in real time so as to avoid issues related to grid stability, which can cause cascade failure. A micro-phasor measurement unit (µ-PMU) is an equipment proficient in monitoring the DS in real time. A premeditated placement of µ-PMUs is therefore desired due to the technical and economic restraints. In the present paper, a novel hybrid technique that incorporates the Taguchi method (TM) and enhanced version of the binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) by utilizing V sigmoid function and constriction factor is employed for the optimal location of µ-PMUs in the DS. The Taguchi scheme produces an improved population at the initialization stage, which finally eludes early convergence, and thus, it makes BPSO further robust. The study takes into account the optimal number of µ-PMUs required for the complete DS observability, economy, and the measure of reliability. The proposed method has been effectually applied to Indian 85-bus radial DS and standard IEEE distribution feeders, namely 34-nodes, 37-nodes, 69-nodes, and 123-nodes systems. A comparative analysis has been carried out to substantiate the superiority of the proposed method over the existing methods.


Beautiful patterns such as snowflakes, wind ripples, and cloud patterns are ubiquitous in nature. Some of those are formed by interfacial instability. We focus on two pattern formations caused by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Rayleigh-Taylor instability is an interfacial instability between two liquids that occurs when a heavier liquid is on a lighter liquid. The first pattern we discuss is a fractal/cell pattern in a coffee cup. If a droplet of coffee solution is placed on milk, the coffee solution spreads on the surface of the milk. Then the Rayleigh-Taylor instability occurs at the interface between the coffee solution and milk, and the coffee solution starts to sink into the milk. We found that the fractal or the cell pattern is formed at the surface of the milk in this process. We showed that an aspect ratio between the radius of the container and the depth of the milk affects vertical flow and it leads to a transition between the fractal pattern and the cell pattern. We also showed that the fractal pattern is formed by a similar mechanism of a viscous fingering. The second pattern is a breakup of a droplet. A sinking droplet in a viscous solution spontaneously deforms to a vortex ring and then breaks up spontaneously. We experimentally investigated relations among breakup number, radii of droplets, viscosities and density differences between two solutions. We also proposed a phenomenological model considering the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The phenomenological model provides a non-dimensional parameter derived from a radius of a droplet, viscosity and a density difference between two liquids. And, the model states that the breakup number is classified by the parameter. Our experimental results obey the parameter. It means that the competition between a driving force of gravity and the viscosity dissipation at the interface of two solutions determines the breakup number.


Cooperation is a central tenet of peer-to-peer systems. Without cooperation, users of a file-sharing system such as Gnutella suffer long download delays, if they are able to download at all [1]. Unfortunately, users have a natural disincentive to cooperate because allowing uploads may delay their own file downloads (see Section 2.1). In general, a disincentive to cooperate leads to the "tragedy of the commons" [6], where participants maximize their own utility at the expense of the overall utility of the system. However, few existing systems provide integrated incentives to counteract disincentives. Existing systems typically rely on altruism, which inevitably fails when participants cannot hold each other accountable for selfish behavior, or a user-managed incentive system, which overburdens users by requiring them to approve or reject every transaction.


This artical describes applicated situation of active carbon in industrial developed country of united state,japan and western europe,application make clear:environmental protection is main motive force to developing and increasing consumption of active carbon.Technique of production and developing trend of product is analyzed about active carbon of our country,several new product is introduced,it is developed by Beijing coal chemistry institute,these new product sell well on international market.


With the rapid increase of network bandwidth, it becomes popular for people to watch video over the internet. To cope with dynamic and heterogeneous network condition, commercial service providers use DASH streaming technology to serve contents to their users. Under the limited bandwidth constraint, previous scheduling algorithms usually arrange as many as possible highest-resolution segments in a DASH streaming service. However, scheduling the most highest-resolution segments will lead to arrange the most lowest-resolution segments in this streaming service simultaneously. In this paper, we address that improving the whole video streaming quality should start from the key concept of scheduling minimum number of low resolution segments iteratively. We define an M-Low optimisation problem and propose a novel M-Low scheduling algorithm, which adjusts the video resolution and optimises the QoE indices in a DASH streaming service. Moreover, we show through simulations that our proposed MLow scheduling achieves a higher QoE measures than those of previously published algorithms.