Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cancer among men and the ninth among women, affecting more than 450,000 people globally each year. Approximately 90% of cases of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) [1], and the rest are adenocarcinoma (EA). The highest reported incidence and mortality rates for ESCC occur in Jiashan, China, with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 14.6 cases per 100,000 (Figure 1.1). The highest age-adjusted incidence rates of EA occur in Scotland (6.6 per 100,000) and in other parts of the United Kingdom [2]. In the United States, the age-adjusted rate of esophageal cancer in 2009 was 4.1 per 100,000; EA alone had 2.7 cancers per 100,000, a sharp increase from the 1973 rate of 0.4 cancers per 100,000 [3] (Figure 1.2) Although EA is the fastest-rising malignancy among white men in the United States, its increase may be slowing [4]. The US average annual percentage change in incidence was 8.4 (95% CI 7.7–9.1) before 1997, but it decreased to 1.6 (95% CI 0.0–3.3) from 1998 to 2009 [5]. In Scandinavia, the average annual percentage change has continued to increase [6]. In addition to geographic differences in the distribution of EA, there are remarkable variations in the demographics of persons affected by this cancer. The


We estimate the concentration of gas hydrate and free gas at an area located to the north of the Knipovich Ridge (western Svalbard margin). The method is based on P‐wave velocities computed by reflection tomography applied to multicomponent ocean‐bottom seismometer data. The tomographic velocity field is fitted to theoretical velocities obtained from a poro‐elastic model based on a Biot‐type approach (the interaction between the rock frame, gas hydrate and fluid is modelled from first physical principles). We obtain average hydrate concentrations of 7% and maximum free‐gas saturations of 0.4% and 9%, depending on the saturation model.


We mapped the (1,1), (2,2), and (3,3) lines of NH3 toward the molecular cloud associated with the Monkey Head Nebula (MHN) with a 1.′6 angular resolution using a Kashima 34 m telescope operated by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). The kinetic temperature of the molecular gas is 15–30 K in the eastern part and 30–50 K in the western part. The warmer gas is confined to a small region close to the compact H ii region S252A. The cooler gas is extended over the cloud even near the extended H ii region, the MHN. We made radio continuum observations at 8.4 GHz using the Yamaguchi 32 m radio telescope. The resultant map shows no significant extension from the Hα image. This means that the molecular cloud is less affected by the MHN, suggesting that the molecular cloud did not form by the expanding shock of the MHN. Although the spatial distribution of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and Two Micron All Sky Survey point sources suggests that triggered low- and intermediate-mass star formation took place locally around S252A, but the exciting star associated with it should be formed spontaneously in the molecular cloud.


Polymer materials are used in a wide range of applications. The erosion properties of nylon-12 were analyzed in this study. Randomly-shaped sand (SiO2) particles of various sizes (300–355 lm, 355–500 lm, and 500–600 lm) were selected as erosive elements. Impingement angles between 15 and 90_, impingement velocities between 30 and 50 m/s, and stand-off distances 15–25mm at ambient temperature were tested. During testing, the maximum erosion of the tested polymer composite occurred at 30_ angle of impingement, indicating a ductile nature of the test material. Erosion increased with impact velocity and decreased with stand-off distance. The erosion rate varies from approximately 5 to 1600 mg/kg at different combinations of impact velocity, impact angle, and other related parameters. The mean S/N ratio was found to be _41.35 dB, which reflects the average erosion rate under different test conditions. Test results were evaluated using Taguchi's concept to minimize the observations needed, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify interactions between tested parameters and identify the most significant parameters. Surface damage was examined using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to examine the nature of the wear behavior. The morphology of tested material showed micro cutting, micro cracking, ploughing, and deformation as dominating damage characteristics of impacting surfaces.


In order to solve the low efficient problem of the remote sensing image scene classification, a classification method is proposed which is based on deep network transferability (DNT) and image complexity (IC). Firstly, the pre-trained deep networks are sorted by their transferability. Then, the scenes of the image datasets are sorted by their complexity. Finally, the scenes are classified by the suitable networks according to the deep network transferability and image complexity. The test results in the commonly used remote sensing dataset show that, the classification accuracy of the proposed method is similar to the GoogLeNet network, and the classification time is less than the one of the VGG16 network , thus the classification efficiency is improved obviously. As this method can choose different deep networks suitable for the image complexity, so the classification efficiency is much better.


Objective To quantify sjTREC using a modified method in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem transplantation (all-HSCT),and determine the level of thymic output function and analyse the influencing factors in post-allo-HSCT patients.Methods Real time quantitative PCR was used to detect sjTREC levels from the peripheral blood DNA of pre-transplantation,14 d,28 d,3 m,6 m,9 m,1 y,1.5 y,2 y,2.5 y,and above 2.5 y after HSCT,and analyse thymic output function and related factors after HSCT.sjTREC levels in 24 normal individuals were also determined to use as the normal range.Results The mean of Log (sjTREC copies/ml) in normal individuals was 3.74±0.26.Negative correlation existed between thte Log sjTREC and the age (r =-0.65,P < 0.01).There was no clear association between the TREC and the gender.Log sjTREC in pre-transplantation patients was 3.09±0.52,and the levels of sjTREC in 14 d,28 d,6 m,1 y after HSCT were 1.18±0.22,2.16±0.31,1.31±0.2,1.83±0.31,respectively.There was no significant difference between normal individuals and patients 1.5 years after HSCT.The post-transplantation level of sjTREC was not related to the age,but was negatively correlated to the acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) 1 year after HSCT.There was no difference between patients with or without aGVHD 1.5 years post-HSCT.Conclusion The modified method for detecting sjTREC is applicable to allo-HSCT.The recovery of thymic output function after allo-HSCT is slow,in which aGVHD may have a negative effect.

Key words:
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation;  sjTREC;  Thymic output;  Polymerase chain reaction


The number of quantum systems for which the stationary Schrodinger equation is exactly solvable is very limited. These systems constitute the basic elements of the quantum theory of perturbation. The exact polynomial solutions for real quantum potential systems provided by the use of Lagrange interpolation allows further development of the quantum perturbation theory. In fact, the first order of correction for the value of the energy appears to be sufficient since the chosen perturbation Hamiltonian is very small or even negligible compared to the main Hamiltonian. Here, we use the perturbation theory to derive polynomial solutions, and we then find that our approximated results agree very well with previous published or numerically achieved ones. We believe that this study is an operational tool for the verification and improvement of numerical and approximate methods.


Abstract This contribution presents a new species of Symplocostoma, the first member of this genus identified for the coast of Brazil, and a dichotomous key for species of the genus. There is also a redescription of the male and the first description of the female of Calyptronema pigmentatum. Samples were collected on the continental shelf of the Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brazil. Symplocostoma brasiliensis sp. nov. has several distinguishing characteristics: the position of the secretory–excretory pore, tail length, the presence of denticles in the buccal cavity (female) and the number of precloacal supplements (male). The male of C. pigmentatum showed most morphological and morphometric characters of the original description, except for the size of the amphidial fovea and the number of precloacal supplements. The male differs from C. maxweberi in the spicular apparatus, gubernaculum shape, number of precloacal papillae and tail length. The female of the species has a buccal cavity similar to that of C. mawsoni, but differs in the position of the secretory–excretory pore and the shape of the amphidial fovea and tail.


Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and compressed hollow screws in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Methods From January 2002 to June 2008, we treated 193 cases of fresh femoral neck fracture. Of them, 60 were included in the present study. Thirty-three cases were treated by compressed hollow screws (group A), and 24 cases by THA (group B). Their follow-up time ranged from 12 to 56 months. Therapeutic effects were statistically analyzed in terms of time interval from injury to operation, complications, bed-ridden time, and functional recovery. Results By Harris scoring, group A had an excellent to good rate of 85.2% and group B had 93.9%. The com-plications and rate were relatively higher in IF group. There were 3 cases (11.1%) of femoral head necrosis and 1 case of nonunion (3.7%) in group A, while there were 2 cases (6.1%) of prosthesis loosening which were managed by secondary surgery and 1 case (3.0%) of hip dislocation in group B. Conclusions THA and compressed hollow screws are both effective for the aged patients with femoral neck fracture, but their indications should be strictly followed. Compressed hollow screws can also be applied to patients over 70 years old. For patients with large displacement or osteoporosis, THP should be the flint choice.

Key words:
Femoral neck fracture; Fracture fixation, internal; Arthroplasty, replacement, hip; Aged


The property of changing resistance according to applied currents of memristors makes them candidates for emulating synapses in artificial neural networks. In this paper, we introduce a memristive synapse design into neural network circuits. Combined with modified integrate-and-fire (I&F) complementary metal-oxide-semiconducter (CMOS) neurons, the memristive neural network shows similarities to its biological counterpart, in respect of biologically realistic, current-controlled spikes and adaptive synaptic plasticity. Then, the spike-rate-dependent plasticity (SRDP) of the synapse, an extended protocol of the Hebbian learning rule, is originally implemented by the circuit. And some advanced neural activities including learning, associative memory and forgetting are realized based on the SRDP rule. These activities are comprehensively validated on a neural network circuit inspired by famous Pavlov's dog-experiment with simulations and quantitative analyses.


The problem of stochastic motion in the presence of a hierarchical array of barriers (and associated transition rates) is of considerable cross-disciplinary interest. Anomalous relaxation, observed in a wide range of physical phenomena, can be explained in terms of hierarchically constrained dynamics. In particular, relaxation in spin-glasses can be interpreted in terms of stochastic motion (in phase space) with a hierarchical distribution of (free energy) barriers. Random-field Ising magnets also exhibit anomalous relaxation. Similar problems are encountered in the dynamics of macromolecules, early evolutionary processes, and possibly, computing architectures. Previous studies of stochastic motion in the presence of a hierarchical set of barriers concentrated on understanding the anomalous dynamics produced by various rules that determine the hierarchy. In what follows we report observation of a phase transition in the dynamics* from normal to anomalous behavior. Our model is that of hopping on a one-dimensional chain, with hierarchically placed barriers, as pictured in Fig. 1(a). Using a renormalization-group approach, we found that a transition occurs as a parameter i?, the ratio between barriers that belong to two successive levels in the hierarchical structure, is varied. We find for the long-time autocorrelation function Po(t),


Abstract Sublethal, incipient upper lethal, and total lethal temperatures were obtained for the duskystripe shiner, Notropis pilsbryi, and the bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus. Both species were exposed to a gradual temperature increase of 2 C per day and to sudden temperature increases after being acclimated to a temperature of 21.5 C. Results indicate that the incipient upper lethal temperature of the bluegill, with a 2 C rise in temperature per day, is 35.5 C and that of the duskystripe shiner is approximately 32.0 C. Resistance times of both species to a sudden temperature increase were also determined.


This article offers an introduction to the international field of culture pedagogy in foreign language teaching and learning with special reference to the years since 2000. After a short presentation of the multidisciplinary nature of the field and an overview of its diverse development until 2000, the article focuses on a number of contemporary trends: The increasing importance of postmodernism and its emphasis on the individual learner and his/her learning processes and intercultural competence; the development of cultural approaches to literature pedagogy working with the interplay of cultural perspectives; ethnographic approaches to intercultural learning that enable learners to create their own insights into local cultural complexities; ideas of critical citizenship that emphasize the importance of reflection, wondering, criticism and hope as a part of language and culture learning; the idea of culture in language (languaculture); and transnational perspectives on language and culture learning, which foreground the transnational flows of languages across cultural contexts, and hence suggest a more global approach to language and culture learning and the raising of (multi)cultural awareness.


Numerous pertinent studies showed the relation between HRS and the renine-angiotensin-aldosteron system (RAAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renal prostaglandins (PG) [5]. Another vasoconstrictor present in high concentration in HRS is endothelin, although its pathogenic role is not fully understood [5]. The pathophysiological characteristic of HRS is intense renal vasoconstriction, multiple mechanisms being involved in the disturbance of systemic hemodynamics, vasoconstrictor systems activation and reduction of vasodilation [3,5]. A number of hypotheses have been forwarded to explain liver function involvement in HRS and cirrhosis, the most widely accepted ones pointing to arterial vasodilatation and hepatorenal reflex. Splanchnic arteriolar vasodilatation appears in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension mediated most probably by nitric oxide [6].


Keywords: distance learning, technology, shape, distance learning, innovation, interaction, technology, pedagogical interaction, educational requirements. Annotation: The article is devoted to an actual problem of modern education distance education. The main objective of the article is to substantiate and confirm arguments of facts and law distance learning to be called a promising new form of education. The interrelation of the concepts "distance education", "educational environment", their distribution in domestic and foreign education. Examine the conditions of implementation of this educational technology, learning tools and features of interaction of teacher and learners. It is concluded that e-learning can be considered as an independent form of teaching, because it has significant differences that cannot be realized in the traditional form, but still cannot completely replace the traditional types of training. Normal 0 21 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Affem Boussou community forest (AFC) abounds in important biological resources. This study, which contributes to its better management, examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of the vegetation and its ecological and structural characteristics to propose a zoning plan for said forest. The analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use in the AFC from Google Earth images of 2015, 2018, and 2021 revealed a regressive trend of formations: crops and fallows (−33.98%), dense dry forests (−7.92%), gallery forests (−3.46%), plantations (−100%), grassy savannahs, and meadows (−18.84%), except for tree/shrub savannahs (484.23%). The floristic inventory identified 163 species divided into 129 genera and 55 families. Fabaceae (14.02%), and Combretaceae (10.55%) are the most represented families. Anogeissus leiocarpa (5.19%) and Vitellaria paradoxa (4.72%) are the most frequent species. We note the dominance of individuals of small diameters. The regeneration potential of the AFC is 64 feet/ha due to 21 feet/ha of suckers, 29 feet/ha of seedlings, and 14 feet/ha of shoots. As a zoning plan, the AFC was subdivided into four zones: the agroforestry zone (18.80%), the sustainable production forest zone (42.22%), the buffer zone (11%), and the biological conservation zone (28%). These results constitute a scientific basis for testing ecological indicators of the sustainable management of community forests in Togo.


The clinical case report is viewed with circumspection in an era of clinical evidence that is often measured by the rigour of the randomised controlled trial.1 Nevertheless, case reports have enjoyed resurgence, particularly given their accessibility provided by electronic publication.2–4 At a minimum, they broaden clinical experience from the comfort of ones study, and at their most profound, they provide fresh insights into pathogenesis and treatment.

Authors and editors must respect two increasingly scarce resources: readers' time and publications' space. What, then, might a more precise definition of a healthcare improvement case report add to the scholarly improvement literature? If crafted too broadly, it runs the risk of backsliding from efforts to bring order to the heterogeneity in quality improvement implementation reports.5 However, a narrowed definition could enhance signal and reduce noise in the expanding scholarly literature.

Case report journals generally require their authors' adherence to guidelines.2–4 Vandenbrouke offers additional refinement of these guidelines with a short list of rules for useful clinical case reports.1 The list includes an imperative for a clear, single message, the explanation for how a report runs counter …


The Luria–Delbrück mutation model is a cornerstone of evolution theory and has been mathematically formulated in a number of ways. In this paper, we illustrate how this model of mutation rates can be derived by means of classical statistical mechanics tools—in particular, by modeling the phenomenon resorting to methodologies borrowed from classical kinetic theory of rarefied gases. The aim is to construct a linear kinetic model that can reproduce the Luria–Delbrück distribution starting from the elementary interactions that qualitatively and quantitatively describe the variations in mutated cells. The kinetic description is easily adaptable to different situations and makes it possible to clearly identify the differences between the elementary variations, leading to the Luria–Delbrück, Lea–Coulson, and Kendall formulations, respectively. The kinetic approach additionally emphasizes basic principles which not only help to unify existing results but also allow for useful extensions.


The effect of alcohol primes on drinking and driving decisions" (2010).  Results indicated a significant interaction between alcohol primes and drinking and driving attitudes on willingness to drive (F = 14.42, p < .001).  In the neutral condition, greater perceived danger from drinking and driving was associated with reduced willing to drive.  In contrast, following alcohol primes, perceived dangerousness was uncorrelated with drinking and driving decisions.  For the full sample, there was no effect of danger or safety primes on drinking & driving decisions.  Supplementary analyses were conducted for participants who reported some willingness to drink and drive. • For this subsample, there was a significant interaction between danger primes and drinking and driving attitudes on willingness to drive (F = 11.54, p < .001). • In the danger prime condition, perceived dangerousness was less predictive of drinking and driving decisions than in the neutral condition.  Over one-third of college drivers report past month drinking & driving (Wechsler et al., 2003).  Perceived danger of drinking and driving is one factor that influences engagement in the behavior.  Priming research has consistently shown that previously seen information can alter a person's behavior (Bargh et al., 1996) and judgments (Carver et al., 1983).  The present study tested the effects of priming on drinking and driving decision-making in hypothetical drinking scenarios.


A new selective method for the kinetic analysis of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with piperidine in dimethylsulfoxide is described. As most colorimetric methods for polynitroaromatics are handicapped owing to the formation of unstable colours, the kinetic method may therefore seem attractive. The method can determine 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in the range 0–120 ppm.


This paper discusses the implications of a total cultural approach for what is termed "education," especially for peoples of an alien cultural background. It treats the effects on the individual of the education imposed by his own culture, and of one foreign to his culture, discussing the pertinence of these findings for action programs in the education of culturally alien peoples.


Development of efficient forage management and utilization is facilitated by knowledge of nutrititive value evolution and dry matter (DM) distribution patterns within plants. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the patterns of DM accumulation and the evolution of nutritive value from the vegetative stage to the ripe seed stage of serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot.), a cool-season annual forage legume adapted to acid soils. Serradella was established on a Dystric Eutrochrept soil with pH 5.4 in Mabegondo, northwestern Spain, for three consecutive years (1990-1992). Shoot samples were taken at approximately biweekly intervals in the spring and summer following autumn seeding, and were separated into stems, leaves, and seed pods. Dry matter (DM) accumulation, crude protein (CP), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined for each plant part at each stage. Average annual DM production at initial flowering was 5.1 Mg ha -1 , and the CP, ADF, and IVOMD concentrations were 163, 279, and 750 g kg -1 , respectively. The rates of nutritive value decline with age coincided with a reduction in leaf-to-stem ratio (from a range of 1.91 to 2.85 at vegetative stage to 0.2 at ripe seed stage) and appear lower than the rates reported for other legumes, possibly because of the long indeterminate flowering period. We concluded that the nutritive value parameters of serradella indicate that this legume has a forage quality comparable to other leguminous crops and, if seeded in double-cropping systems (as is done in some Atlantic coastal areas of southern Europe, where it is harvested around initial flowering), it can provide forage of good quality.


Insurance companies measure and manage capital across a broad range of diverse business products. Thus there is a need for the aggregation of the losses from the various business lines whose risk distributions vary. Risk dependencies between losses from different business lines have long been recognised in the insurance industry as integral factors driving the insurer's aggregate loss process. However, in the past, there has been limited attempt at adequately modelling the dependence structure to be factored in the aggregation process for capital determination purposes. The current industry standard is to solely use linear correlations to describe the dependence structure. While being computationally convenient and straightforward to understand, linear correlations fail to capture all the dependence structure that exist between losses from multiple business lines. Other more general dependence modelling techniques such as copulas have become popular recently. In this paper, we address the issue of the aggregation of risks using copula models. Copulas can be used to construct joint multivariate distributions of the losses and provide a rather flexible and realistic model of allowing for the dependence structure, while separating the effects of peculiar characteristics of the marginal distributions such as thickness of tails. This modelling structure allows us to explore the impact of dependencies of risks on the total required economic capital. Using numerical illustrations based on Australian general insurance data, the sensitivities of the capital requirement to the choice of the copula and other modelling assumptions are investigated. The related issue of the diversification benefit from operating multiple business lines in the context of aggregation of risks by copulas is also explored. The key conclusion is that there is a large variation in the capital requirement as well as diversification benefit under different copula assumptions. The results of this paper serve as a reminder to actuaries and other industry practitioners of the significance of choosing an appropriate aggregation model for capital purposes.


Motorisation is increasing globally, especially in major cities of Asia and the Gulf region. To illustrate, over the last decades, Doha, the capital city of Qatar, has experienced a fast urban growth along with a wide increase in the need for new transportation options. Recently, the Qatari Government has planned to improve Doha's transport system, by developing projects that include a new metro and light rail scheme. On the other hand, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)'s track record provides a compelling case for more cities to consider it as a transit priority. Within this context, this article critically examines three relevant factors (implementation time, cost effectiveness, and performance) for the successful dissemination of BRTs in relation to the city of Doha. The article argues that the implementation of a BRT scheme is a beneficial and effective alternative to the metro scheme that is under construction in the city.


We compared the habitat preference and the mobility of different populations of primarily forest living, satyrine butterflies by observing them in a manipulated environment, containing different habitat types inside a large outdoor cage. The cage was 30 m long and divided into three parts. Each end of the cage contained a shady habitat, made to be similar to the floor of a forest with sunlit spots. In between these shady parts, there was a 14 m long open part, like a glade or a meadow. We performed two studies in the cage. In the first study, we compared a population of a species with very restricted distribution in Sweden, Lopinga achine, and a population of a widely distributed and expanding species, Pararge aegeria. We found that the two species had similar habitat preferences in the cage, but that L. achine had a lower rate of dispersal from one shady part of the cage to the other. In the second study, we compared two populations of P. aegeria, a Swedish forest living population and a Madeiran population inhabiting a fairly open habitat. We found that, although individuals of the Swedish population avoided staying in the open, middle part of the cage, they dispersed between the shady parts of the cage at a higher rate than individuals of the Madeiran population. We argue that studies of the kind we performed can serve the purpose of testing hypotheses about habitat preference and mobility that derive from other field work or from information about distribution patterns.


Subtitle: A shrinking rail system, clogged ports, and outdated roads make U.S. infrastructure the supply chain's weakest link. Fixing it must be a top priority.


Abstract This study investigated the developmental trend of reading processing of Chinese two-character compound words in normal primary school-aged readers in Hong Kong. As the component characters of a Chinese multi-character compound word could be viewed as single morphemes, it was hypothesized that a compound word could be read as a meaningful whole, its component characters, or both. Previous studies (Zhang and Peng, 1992; Peng et al., 1999; etc.) showed that adults used both whole-word-level and character-level processing for reading Chinese multi-character words and there were interaction effects between word and component character frequencies. In the present study, subjects were asked to read aloud two-character words that were controlled for word and component character frequencies according to grades. The results suggested that word-level and component-character-level reading processing were developed in children as early as grade one. Lower graders tended to use the component-character-level reading processing when reading Chinese compound words, while higher graders tended to read words as whole units.


In our paper we will extend the previously introduced "Excursion Prevention" concept for CDU improvement [1] toward the reduction of Edge Placement Errors by additionally correcting intrafield overlay errors using the ZEISS ForTune system for a critical 22nm contact to gate application. We will discuss EPE budget and compare intra-field, inter-field and local variations. In particular, it will be shown how the interaction of remaining systematic intra- and inter-field errors can create local EPE hotspots that are prone to result in patterning failures. By convoluting these systematic EPE errors with random across wafer and local EPE errors, we will predict patterning failure maps across wafer, where the EPE hotspots manifest in local failures and thus yield stripes. Finally we will discuss how the reduction of intra-field overlay and CDU by using ForTune mask tuning is able to dramatically reduce the EPE hotspots and thus helps to prevent pattering failure and yield striping. [1] Rolf Seltmann*a, Aravind Narayana Samyb, Thomas Thammb, Ofir Sharonic, Yael Sufrinc, Avi Cohenc, Thomas Scherueblc : Improving Chip Performance by Photomask Tuning: Ultimate intra-field CD control as a major part of an overall excursion prevention strategy, Proc. SPIE. 11148, Photomask Technology 2019


An investigation of the pressure distribution on the fuselage nose and the pilot canopy of a supersonic airplane model has been conducted at a Mach number of 1.90 over a wide range of angles of attack and yaw. Boundary layer separation apparently occurred from the upper surface at angles of attack above 24 degrees and from the lower surface at minus 15 degrees. No separation from the sides of the fuselage was evident at yaw angles up to 12 degrees.


Takalani Sesame a show created in South Africa for 3- to 7-year-olds targets children who like adults deal with the effects of HIV/AIDS every day. A key focus of the show-- and the HIV-positive Muppet created to serve as a vehicle for educational messages -- is to reduce stigma related to the disease. (excerpt)


Platinum(II) complexes of the type [Pt(Cl)(PPh3){(κ2-N,O)-(1{C(R)=N(OH)-2(O)C6H4})}] with R = Me, H, (1 and 2) were synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed for 1 the proposed (SP4-3) configuration. The study of the antiproliferative activity, performed on a panel of human tumor cell lines and on mesothelial cells, highlighted complex 2 as the most effective. In particular, it showed a remarkable cytotoxicity on ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780) and interestingly, a significant antiproliferative effect on cisplatin resistant cells (A2780cis). The investigation on the intracellular mechanism of action demonstrated for 2 a lower ability to platinate DNA with respect to cisplatin, taken as reference, and a notably higher uptake in resistant cells. A significant accumulation in mitochondria, along with the ability to induce concentration-dependent mitochondrial membrane depolarization and intracellular reactive oxygen species production, allowed us to propose a mitochondria-mediated pathway as responsible for the interesting cytotoxic profile of complex 2.


ABSTRACT China's return to social work education, after a nearly 35-year absence, opened the door for partnerships like the 2012 China Collaborative partnership between the Council on Social Work Education's (CSWE) Katherine A. Kendall Institute, the China Association of Social Work Education (CASWE) and the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW). The University of Alabama School of Social Work (UA SSW) was selected to participate in the collaborative and was connected to the Southwest China Region, specifically partnered with Yunnan University. This manuscript will share the strategies used to engage faculty and students from each partnering institution. Data collected by UA SSW over the five-year partnership will be utilised to contribute to the discussion of the extent to which Western knowledge and theory about social work education might usefully be applied to the Chinese context.


Economic growth and development has been pursued th roug public investments by the government into the development of agriculture, infrastructure, ser vices, social and human sectors. The development of these sectors results into higher GDP per capital i ncome and life standards. The objective of this pap er is to find impact analysis of project in Pakistan. For th is purpose, data were collected from project direct ors, HEC personnel's and consultants of higher learning institutions through interviews and a critical revi w of development projects performance and their impacts is being studied.


The calculation intensity of the correlation analysis algorithm of the digital particle image velocimeter(DPIV) method is reduced, and the accuracy and reliability of the analytical results are raised, by restricting the hunting zone and improving the hunting route.


Architectural deficiencies in symbolic processing systems are generated by the lack of an appropriate implementation of their memory functions. There are many well-defined memory functions, but there isn't yet an adequate structural implementation for any of them. The main memory functions are usually software implemented as data structures, using RAM as hardware support, but having low performance in applications because all implementations rely on sequential mechanisms. The Connex Memory (CM), involves a base-level structural parallelism that would increase the performance in tree/list processing. This paper is concerned with the synthesis of an enhanced version of CM. Specific applications of the CM include list processing, set operations, string matching and Prolog-like computation.


Background: In the elderly and high risk patients, it is logic to prefer local anaesthesia rather than general anaesthesia. The fascia iliaca compartment block is an easy, available method for peri-operative analgesia in patients with painful conditions affecting the thigh, the hip joint and/or the femur. Lumbar plexus block is another form of deep blocks which is used to provide anesthesia and/or analgesia for the entire distribution of the lumbar plexus. Aim of Study: Intraoperative assessment of CFIB versus CLPB. Material and Methods: 40 patients with fracture neck femur were randomized intone of 2 blocks, CFIB and CLPB. Results: CFIB was significantly superior to CLPB as regards shorter time for catheter insertion (CIT) (p<0.001), earlier maximum motor block (p<0.001) and earlier peak of sensory block (p=0.008), intraoperative hemodynamic stability (p<0.001) while CLPB group showed significantly rapid onset of motor and sensory block (p<0.001, p<0.001). Conclusion: Continuous infusion fascia iliaca block gives better quality analgesia. It is an easy procedure that could be done in the emergency room. It is faster, safer and more applicable technique than continuous lumbar plexus block.


Aims:  Physiological comparison of two indigenous Oenococcus oeni strains, U1 and F3 isolated in the same area (Valpolicella, Italy) in order to select a performant starter for MLF in wine.


We rederive in a physical manner the Weyl anomaly in two-dimensional space–time by considering the Dirac Sea. It is regularized by some bosonic extra species which are formally negatively counted. In fact, we calculate the trace of the energy–momentum tensor in the Dirac Sea in presence of background gravitational field. It has to be regularized, since the Dirac Sea is bottomless and thus causes divergence. The new regularization method consists in adding various massive bosonic species some of which are to be counted negative in the Dirac Sea. The mass terms in the Lagrangian of the regularization fields have a dependence on the background gravitational field.


Stepwise method of moment is proposed to analyze scattering properties of multiobject electromagnetic systems. In this approach, the final current coefficients come from two parts: independent current coefficients and mutual coupling coefficients for each subblock. This approach avoids calculating the inverse matrix of dense impedance matrix by seeing each subblock as an independent element in the calculation of mutual coupling effects among different subblocks. This scheme greatly decreases memory cost of the approach and makes it have the ability to deal with large-scale multiobject problems. Finally, this approach is combined with an iterative process to further improve its accuracy.


The 2012 AstraZeneca Innovative Pharmacist of the Year was initiated to highlight and encourage innovation during times of commercial challenge and structural change within Australian community pharmacy, writes Matthew Eaton.


The aim of the study was to examine the students and teachers´perceptions of effective ways to respond to, understand and suport students with behavioral problems. The study was based on eight semi ...


In China's tropics,twelve times of cooling fluctuation occurred during late Quaternary.The more examples of cooling events with larger amplitude of drop in temperature distributed in the northern zone of tropics,showing the latitude zonation.The longitude zonation of cooling events can be divided into four regions: western region,central region,eastern region and Taiwan Island.The cooling fluctuation is most obvious in central region,every cooling events had occurred in this region.There were seventy two examples of cooling events,in which thirty four examples distributed in central region.Statistics of amplitude of drop in temperature for thirty seven examples showed that there were ten examples with drop amplitude of 3~5 ℃,in which six examples distributed in central region.The drop amplitude of the other twenty seven examples is 0.5~2 ℃.In China's tropics,there are three routes of cold wave from northern China: the east way,central way and west way,the cold wave through central way is the strongest,so that the cooling fluctuation was obvious in the central region.Very little about cooling events is known in the western region,because this region is located at the area of South Asia Monsoon which is only of tropical circulation with prosperous southwest monsoon,and thus the climatic influence from high latitude area is less intense.In the southern zone of tropics,the cooling events distributed mostly in the central region,but there were also in the region of South China Sea showing that the east way of cold wave can reach to South China Sea.In the northern zone of tropics,the examples of every cooling fluctuation can be found in every region.However,the strength of winter monsoon appeared three times of shift change from east to west during late stage of the Latest Glaciation,from warming return stage to Zhou Dynasty cooling stage and after Warring States-Western Han Dynasty cooling stage,respectively.


Porter, M. E. (2010). What is value in health care? New England Journal of Medicine, 363(26), 2477–2481. Porter, M. E., Pabo, E. A., & Lee, T. H. (2013). Redesigning primary care: A strategic vision to improve value by organizing around patients' needs. Health Affairs, 32(3), 516–525. doi:10.1377/ hlthaff.2012.0961 Shah, A. S., Virk, S., Hennrikus, W. P., Witkowski, M. L., Bae, D. S., Maxwell, W., & Waters, P. M. (2013). Time-driven activitybased costing in orthopaedic surgery: A game changer? Presentation at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, March. Tilburt, J. C., Wynia, M. K., Sheeler, R. D., Thorsteinsdottir, B., James, K. M., Egginton, J. S., . . . Goold, S. D. (2013). Views of US physicians about controlling health care costs. Journal of the American Medical Association, 310(4), 380–388. Witkowski, M., Higgins, L., Warner, J. P., Sherman, M., & Kaplan, R. S. (2013, October 3). How to design a bundled payment around value [Web log post]. HBR Blog Network. Retrieved from http:// blogs.hbr.org/2013/10/how-to-design-a -bundled-payment-around-value/ payments. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(1), 3–5. Hennrikus, W. P., Waters, P. M., Bae, D. S., Sohrab, V. S., & Shah, A. S. (2012). Inside the value revolution at Children's Hospital Boston: Time-driven activity-based costing in orthopaedic surgery. The Orthopaedic Journal at Harvard Medical School, 14, 44–49. Hoffman, A., & Emanuel, E. J. (2013). Reengineering US health care. Journal of the American Medical Association, 309(7), 661–662. Kaplan, R. S., & Anderson, S. R. (2007). Time-driven activity-based costing: A simpler and more powerful path to higher profits. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press. Kaplan, R. S., & Porter, M. E. (2011). How to solve the cost crisis in health care. Harvard Business Review, 89(9), 46–61. Kaplan, R. S., Witkowski, M. L., & Hohman, J. A. (2012). Schön Klinik: Measuring cost and value. Case #112-085. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Publishing. Mechanic, R. E., & Altman, S. H. (2009). Payment reform options: Episode payment is a good place to start. Health Affairs, 28(2), w262–w271. Miller, H. D. (2009). From volume to value: Better ways to pay for health care. Health Affairs, 28(5), 1418–1428.


The longer blood preserves are stored, the more haemoglobin loses, after transfusion, its ability to transfer oxygen from the lungs to the tissue. This is due to an increase in a physiologically abnormal oxygen affinity of haemoglobin from a rapid loss during storage of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), causing a reduction in blood preserve quality. A rise in the oxygen affinity of Hb in patients with functionally restricted compensatory mechanisms is of pathophysiological importance. Developing methods for restoring the function of stored RBCs is important for tissue oxygen supply. This investigation aimed at shifting the oxygen affinity of the RBCs back within a therapeutically favorable range by suitable treatment. Refunctionalisation of RBCs in preserves is described in a patent by Viebahn (1992) describing a treatment of stored preserves with an O3/O2 mixture producing an increase in erythrocytic DPG content. To examine this effect, cooled concentrates stored between 15 and 35 days received defined and controllable treatment, samples being transferred to a medium simulating post transfusion conditions. To assess the function and metabolic status of the RBCs, parameters were recorded to document this regeneration of their cellular metabolism. It was possible to show a significantly accelerated synthesis of DPG (10 30 %) in ozone-pretreated RBCs compared with untreated preserves. Introduction After transfusion, the ability of hamoglobin to pass oxygen on to the tissue from the lungs decreases all the more rapidly the longer it has been stored. This is because the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin increases to values above the physiological level, primarily due to the rapid loss of an instable allosteric effector responsible for oxygen bonding in the red blood cells (RBCs), i.e. 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG) (Chanutin and Curnish, 1967; Akerblom et al, 1968; Bunn et al, 1969). Under physiological conditions, DPG is present in bonded form between the β-polypeptide chains of the haemoglobin molecule. With the binding of DPG, the deoxy configuration of the haemoglobins with its low affinity is stabilised, thus facilitating oxygen release from the red blood cells at the periphery (Benesch et al., 1968). As a restoration of the normal DPG content, i.e. approx. 4 mmol/l red blood cells, via the resynthesis process resumed after transfusion can take up to 24 hours (Beutler and Wood, 1969), the transfused red blood cells are only able to release a limited amount of oxygen to the emergency patient"s tissue. We have no detailed information as to the extent to which red blood cells stored for a long time are at all capable of restoring the DPG level or of normalising oxygen affinity. The loss of DPG which increases with storage must be viewed as a loss in quality of blood preserves. A massive transfusion from old preserves can attain a pathophysiological importance, especially in patients with reduced compensatory functions such as, for example, increased heart rate, too high a haemoglobin content or an intraerythrocytic contraregulation (Hess, 1987). This is why interest has focussed on developing processes making it possible for stored blood cells to maintain or regain their full functional ability, an important parameter in supplying oxygen properly to the tissue. The aim is to reduce an increased oxygen affinity of the red blood cells by suitable treatment of the preserves. This can only be achieved by accelerating a return to the normal DPG content in the transfused cells. In a patent by Viebahn (1992), a process is described for maintaining or reestablishing the function of red blood cells in blood preserves by which the DPG content in RBCs is demonstrably increased after 1 to 2 days by treating preserves under long-term storage with an O3/O2 gas mixture at room temperature. It is conjectured that ozone produces chemical changes in the lipids of the erythrocytic membrane to result in an increased synthesis of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate by the cells concerned. Under the condtions selected, the DPG content of totally depleted cells increased to a maximum of 10% of the normal content. Using the description given in the patent as a basis, we undertook to produce preconditions for a practical method of refunctionalising stored blood preserves in the context of their oxygen transport function. Materials and Methods Materials Blood preserves CPD human blood preserve, consisting of approx. 70 ml CPD (citrate phosphate dextrose) stabilizer and 450 550 ml human blood (prod.: German Red Cross (Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, DRK) Blood Donor Service (Blood spendedienst) Thüringen GmbH Red blood cell concentrate, buffy coat free, consisting of approx. 210 ml RBC concentrate obtained from a single whole blood donation by centrifuging at 4000xg and vacuum decantation of the buffy coat, and suspended in approx. 110 ml SAGM stabilizer (prod.: DRK Blood spendedienst Thüringen GmbH To investigate storage-dependent changes in blood conserve parameters, the material was supplied in separate baby bags. Ozone generator: Ozonosan, Type: "photonik" (Manuf. Dr. J. Hänsler GmbH) Gas treatment incubator: BB6220 (Manuf.: Heraeus Instruments) Low profile roller: Type: M 1241-6001 (Manuf.:New Brunswick Scientific Co, Inc.) Gas infusion flasks: 250 ml vacuum flask with microbubble system, sterile (Dr. J. Hänsler GmbH) Transfusion unit: in accordance with German Industrial Standard (Deutsche IndustrieNorm, DIN) No. 58360 TG-G (Clinico GmbH) Transfusion set: "Valu-set"19 G 3/4 butterfly cannula with Luer Lock connection (Manuf.: Becton Dickinson) Ozone transfusion set: with bacterial filter and cylinThe clamp (Clinico GmbH) Disposable syringe: 50 ml, pyrogen-free (Transcoject) Tyrode"s solution: for diluting blood preserves: protein-free artificial blood liquid maintaining the pH value of the diluted blood in combination with the CO2 content of the gas mixture used in the incubator within the physiological range at 37 °C . Modified composition: 140 mmol NaCl/L; 2,7 mmol KCl/L; 1,8 mmol CaCl2/L; 1,05 mmol MgCl2/L; 60 mmol NaHCO3/L; 0,42 mmol Na2HPO4/L; and 5,05 mmol Dextrose/L. Incubator gas mixture Composition: 9% O2; 6% CO2; N2, to make up 100% (Manuf.: Messer Griesheim GmbH) Test kits for analysis For 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and adenosin triphosphate (ATP); Quantitative enzymatic assay (Manuf.: Sigma Diagnostics) For glutathion (GSH); Quantitative colorimetric assay (Manuf.: CalbiochemNovabiochem Corporation) For plasma haemoglobin (Hb); Quantitative colorimetric assay (Manuf.: Sigma Diagnostics) For lactate in plasma; Quantitative enzymatic assay (Manuf.: Boehringer Mannheim) Methods Determination of blood parameters Determination of the parameters DPG, ATP, and GSH in RBCs as well as Hb and lactate in plasma is performed using commercial test kits in accordance with manufacturers" instructions. Optical density is measured using a Typ V 550 UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Jasco Laborand Datentechnik GmbH). Blood gas and/or oximetric parameters pO2, pCO2, sO2, bicarbonate and K + content as well as the pH value in the preserve medium are measured using a Type ABL 520-B blood gas/oximetry unit (Manuf.: Radiometer GmbH). Red blood cells are counted using a Cell-Dyn 1600 Type analyzer (Abbot). Standard protocol on the investigation of ozone effects a) Filling of gas infusion flasks For resuspension of their content, the blood preserve bags are slowly shaken on a rocking table for 20 minutes at 4 °C . Following this, 35 g blood corresponding to a volume of 33 ml are transferred according to a standardized procedure to the cooled gas infusion flask and kept at 5 ° C prior to gas application. To determine, in the form of a "cold sample check", the prevailing parameters of the preserves, an additional 2500 μl sample of CPD preserves or 1600 μl RBC preserves, filled up with 900 μl of Tyrode"s solution (ice-cooled) are transferred to plastic screw-cap tubes, and stored at 4 °C prior to determination. b) Gaseous treatment of blood samples in the infusion flasks O2 and O3 gas is passed through the samples , slowly swirling the flasks in titlted position. Gas application is always performed as specified for ozonized blood reinfusion (autohaemotherapy: Beck and Viebahn-Hänsler, 1995) with a gas volume corresponding to the volume of treated blood, over a period of 35 seconds. c) Incubation conditions To investigate and validate the effect of ozone, the treated bottles are stored at room temperature, samples being taken at different times (see below). To investigate metabolic changes during simulated transfusion: after gas treatment, 10 ml CPD preserve or 6,4 ml RBC concentrate and 3,6 ml cold Tyrode"s solution are transferred into 2 precooled cylindrical glasses (plastic 50 ml Corex centrifuging beakers) and, to start simulation, placed in the gas treatment incubator on a slowly rotating (1 rpm) cylindrical mixer. The temperature is kept at 37 °C , the relative air humidity at 100%. A special gas mixture corresponding to a pO2 of 64 mm Hg and a pCO2 of 43 mm Hg is used for treatment. During simulation, the pH values of the prepared samples are principally kept within a physiological range (pH 7,2 7,4) via the pCO2 in conjunction with the bicarbonate contained in the Tyrode"s solution. d) Sample taking Each sample amounts to 2,5 ml and is taken at different times. In the simulation tests, the samples (ca. 125 μl) are drawn directly from the cylindrical glasses by the blood gas/oxymetry unit. Immediately following this, a further 2,2 ml are drawn from the preparation, and placed in an ice bath for later aliquot sampling. To avoid a change in medium when taking out the cylindrical glasses, the incubator door was only kept open for as short a time as absolutely possible. After taking it out, the glass is immediately placed in a Styropor insulator and sealed with a rubber disc, which is only removed on taking samples. Results For our investigations, 2 types of human blood preserve pri


Throughout the book, Winch stresses the heterogeneity of political economy, rather than constructing a homogeneous version of classical political economy (viz. Marx, Keynes, and others). As such, Winch is as much concerned to highlight the intellectual innovations initiated by political economists as he is to discuss the variations they played upon existing conversations. In doing this, Winch suggests, rightly, that political economy in this period served more than the technocratic purpose of achieving opulence. Technical issues were important questions connected with the national debt, taxation, monetary and commercial policy but 'political economy would not have been responding to contemporary social and political concerns if it had not gone beyond such matters, to encompass more profound issues of a moral kind' (p. 165). Thus discussions of'virtue', religious beliefs and institutions, and appropriate boundaries between individual liberty and legislation, and the advantages and disadvantages (moral as well as economic) of 'luxury' permeate the technocratic elements of political economy. Winch's methodology is refreshingly forthright. In general, he proceeds from individual authors and their texts to the intellectual and cultural contexts that seem to promise most for understanding what political economists were trying to do. This presupposes, reasonably enough, that these political economists knew what they were doing and that their intentions are evident in their texts. From this standpoint, Winch deftly and convincingly manages the interpretative interface between the various texts and their contexts. However, his real methodological contribution is to the history of political economy. He has previously published fine studies of Smith and Malthus, but Riches and Poverty goes further to consciously enhance the methods employed by historians in this field. Winch's goal is to replicate the liberalization enjoyed by historians of ideas in other fields, notably natural science, the historians of which realized long ago that their subject matter was too interesting to be left to incompetent or retired scientists. Like the history of science, the history of political economy should not be restricted to what appears now to be relevant to modern practitioners. In this manner, historical caricatures, both anachronistic and ideological, can be avoided, and this Winch has accomplished superbly.


. Abstract. The effect of unbalanced magnetic force and torque ripple of on the output performance of a double stator switched-flux permanent magnet machine would be investigated and compared, with particular reference to the machine's varying rotor pole number. The finite element analysis (FEA) predicted machine parameters are: unbalanced magnetic force (UMF), total harmonic distortion (THD), torque ripple (Tr), cogging torque and static torque. The considered machine types having 10, 11, 13-and 14-rotor pole numbers are designated as: 6S/10P, 6S/11P, 6S/13P and 6S/14P, respectively; 6S represents six (6) stator slot or teeth number. It is revealed that the machine types that have odd number of rotor poles would have lower machine output characteristics such as: low cogging torque, low torque ripple and low total harmonic distortion of the voltage, compared to the ones that have even number of rotor poles; though, with higher amount of unbalanced magnetic force on the rotor. Further, the sensitivity of the machine's output performances due to electric loadings is higher than its corresponding response as a result of machine's varying rotational speed. More so, the machine types having odd number of rotor poles would have higher air gap flux density magnitudes; and would also exhibit better average torque per magnet usage, which is desirable for reduced cost implications.


Abstract: This chapter focuses on laboratory evaluations and primarily discusses the several types of equipment which are used to perform them. such laboratory evaluations can provide extremely useful insight into the manner that new formulations and film structures will behave on larger equipment, thus saving both time and effort on these larger scale experiments. It is desirable to be able to perform such small scale experiments to gain an understanding of the predicted behavior.


The aim of this paper is to present a verbal theoretical model that could account for the among pair variability in courtship and copulation behaviour that occurs both during and after pair formation in socially monogamous species. We assume that copulation acts to prevent mate loss, by reducing the availability of an individual to other potential partners. Variation in copulation and courtship frequency then arises as a result of variation in the risk of mate loss. Because of the constraints on free or ideal choice, pairs will form in which it may be possible for one individual to improve upon the quality of its partner. In a mismatched pair it will pay the poorer quality mate to guard the higher quality individual and prevent it from leaving to pair with a better quality mate. The poor quality individual will therefore solicit copulations at a high frequency while it's partner may not always respond. We predict that high levels of courtship and solicitation will relate to a high risk of mate loss and that a lack of response by a partner will relate to the potential opportunities it has to improve on partner quality. Our thesis is that variation in mating behaviour arises as a result of any deviations from assortative mating that may exist in a population.


We prove a quenched functional central limit theorem (quenched FCLT) for the sums of a random eld (r.f.) along a 2d-random walk in dierent situations: when the r.f. is iid with a second order moment (random sceneries), or when it is generated by the action of commuting automorphisms of a torus. We consider also a quenched version of the FCLT when the random walk is replaced by a Lorentz process in the random scenery.


A new family of stringed musical instruments will be introduced. The TritareTM is the first member of this new family and has evolved from the mathematical analysis of the vibrations of networks of strings [Gaudet et al., J. Sound & Vib. 281, 219–234 (2005)]. It is a guitarlike instrument that uses six networks of three string sections (Y‐shaped networks) instead of the classical single strings. The sounds that it produces can be more or less harmonic depending on the string attack conditions and the physical configurations of the string networks. A method of customizing the frequency spectrum to contain desired harmonic components will be demonstrated. A numerical model, which uses finite differences, used to simulate the 3D nonlinear vibrations of more complex string networks involving several string sections and junction points will also be described. The harmonic analysis of the frequency spectra resulting from the numerical simulations and experimental measurements will be presented, as well as network configurations which produce very unique and interesting tone colors. Some of these configurations form the basis for a new family of stringed musical instruments. The presentation will include a demonstration of the TritareTM.


In designing water inlet and drainage and fire fighting system of residential districts composed of less high buildings,the author makes the suggestion that we optimize our design plan according to the integrated functions and the surroundings of the residential district and that we apply new technology,new equipments and new tubular goods so as to make our construction safe,reliable,economic and energy-saving.


In order to identify the proteins in Hevea that interacted specifically with JAZ,the recombinant plasmid that expressed fusion protein of Hevea JAZ(HbJAZ1) and GST(Glutathione S-transferase) was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli(E.coli) for prokaryotic expression and further purification.The results indicated that HbJAZ1-GST fusion protein was successfully expressed and purified,and the fusion proteins exist in pellet of bacterial lysis suspension.


In recent years, a rapid spread of residential photovoltaic power systems (PVs) causes voltage imbalance in distribution systems. For this reason, it has become difficult to control voltage in distribution systems to within the allowable range. Therefore, the authors have proposed a system for suppressing the voltage unbalance using single‐phase static capacitors (SCs). The purpose of the system (SC system) is to suppress voltage imbalance by controlling single‐phase SCs in each phase, and its effect has been confirmed by the previous authors' study. On the other hand, as a result of analyzing the voltage measured on some distribution lines, the authors found that it is not necessary to control single‐phase SCs in each phase because the voltage imbalance hardly changes throughout a day. In this paper, an alternative method for suppressing the voltage imbalance by constantly installing single‐phase SCs on distribution lines is proposed in order to realize at a lower cost than the previous SC system. In addition, the authors verify the effect of the method on the actual distribution lines. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Every nation who wants to stand firm and know clearly where the goal is to achieve it requires a view of life. With this view of life a nation will look at the problems it faces and determine the direction and the way how to solve these problems. Without a view of life then a nation will feel vacillated in facing big problems that will surely arise, both the problems within the community itself, as well as the big problems of human beings in the association of the peoples of the nations of the world. With a clear view of life a nation will have guidance and guidance on how it solves the political, economic, social and cultural problems arising in the advancing societies. By referring to the view of life that also a nation will build itself. As the philosophy of the state, of course Pancasila there who formulate it. Pancasila is indeed the greatest gift of Allah SWT and it turns light for all the Indonesian people in the future, both as a guideline in fighting for independence, as well as a unifying tool in the life of national harmony, as well as a view of life for everyday Indonesian human life, and which has clearly been expressed as the basis and philosophy of the Republic of Indonesia. Pancasila has existed in all forms of Indonesian people's life, except for those who are not Pancasila. Pancasila was born June 1, 1945, set on August 18, 1945 together with the 1945 Constitution. The correct sounds and speech of Pancasila based on Presidential Instruction No. 12 of 1968 is one, Belief in the One Supreme. Two, a just and civilized humanity. Three Unity Indonesia. Four, Democracy led by the wisdom of wisdom in deliberations / representation. And fifth, social justice for all the people of Indonesia.


'Full time', sketched in my target article (Rudolph, 2006a), was intended to be a mathematical model of psychological time based on the mathematical structures known as 'simplicial complexes'. Here I give a somewhat more detailed—but still sketchy—outline of how mathematical models based on finite simplicial complexes might be used to study other psychological phenomena


This paper analyzes the design of a prototype chassis for an autonomous ground vehicle (AGV). This prototype is a four-wheel powered vehicle which would be used for identifying and removal of potatoes affected by virus Y (PVY) in the field. Potato fields are fraught with rough terrain and deep irrigation ruts. Navigation of such a terrain is very challenging and demanding on the robot chassis. An optimization routine was used for finding the ideal size and material for the chassis. Seven different stress analysis were conducted to help narrow down the chassis design and material for the prototype. In addition to a general overview of the various vehicle sub-systems, a detailed description of the force and stress analysis for the chassis of this vehicle is provided. All stress analysis for this chassis passed the design requirements in CAD model (SolidWorks) and has been built and tested in the field.


Interorganizational information systems (IOISs) have become the core platform of today's digital economy. Despite their increasing importance, little is known about how they have emerged, evolved into their current operational form, and coevolved with social institutions that develop, regulate, use, and maintain them. Why certain IOIS features and functions are selected for implementation while others are not, and once implemented, why some features and functions remain in existence while others disappear have yet to be explained. Departing from the current research paradigm on IOIS emergence and evolution that focuses mainly at the macro level, we conceptualize IOIS as complex adaptive systems and look at the smallest elements that constitute their existence, i.e., memes or information, knowledge, and ideas that fuel their implementation and dictate their features and functions. We propose a memetic theory of IS emergence and evolution, and operationalize our theory with four propositions. A 17-year longitudinal case study is used to illustrate our meme-centered view of emergence and evolution.


This paper describes a case of ischemic colitis with gangrene which was successfully cured by an immediate operation, with some notes on the relevant literature. A 71-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of left lower abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Immediately after admission, the patient developed melena. Gastrographyn enema indicated ischemic colitis, and conservative therapy was started.: On the 3rd hospital day, symptoms of peritonitis including remakrable peritonism and loss of bowel sound developed. The patient was definitely diagnosed as ischemic colitis with gangrene. Emergency operation was performed and necrosis of almost entire the descending colon was shown. Left hemi-colectomy and direct reconstruction by colo-colostomy (end to end) were performed immediately. Postoperative clinical course was uneventful and the patient was discharged from the hospital on the 29th day.


Nicosulfuron has the advantages of good control effi ciency, low dose, good compatibility, safety to environment and corn which is welcomed deeply by the masses of users. This paper describes that formulations and adjuvant enhancement efficacy of nicosulfuron, and nicosulfuron 4% OD is more competitive than nicosulfuron 4% SC and nicosulfuron 75% WG. Either surfactant, oil adjuvant or inorganic salts adjuvant has synergistic effect. And points out that the different adjuvants of nicosulfuron formulation should be selected based on request, cost, adjuvant resources and synergized action's effi ciency.


The publication consists on the situation in Polish steel industry after the start of COVID-19 pandemic The aim of the publication is to present the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on steel production in Poland The analysis of the volume of steel production in Poland was carried out between January 2020 and June 2020 and compared to the production in the same period in 2019 In order to deepen the analysis of the situation in the Polish steel industry data about apparent steel use and situation in steel consuming sectors were presented The paper ends pessimistic forecasts for steel production in Poland © 2020, Faculty of Metallurgy All rights reserved


As the world is at its peak of technological development and there are multiple discoveries are taking place every day. Companies and even startups are inventing and coming up with new technologies. If we see from the commercial or economic point of view patents play a prominent role for companies and startups to establish in the market. The new ideas and inventions are the hard work of the inventor and that needs to be protected against infringement. Inventions come under Intellectual Property Rights and the best way to protect an invention is to patent it. This paper begins with an analysis as to why there is a need to patent. This paper also focuses on several different aspects that lead to the importance and need to patent the invention. The main focus of the paper is to make the readers understand the need for patenting in simple language. And make everyone aware of the importance of patents. The result contributes to a better understanding of the need for patenting.


Background: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder with a prevalence ranging from 16% to 53.6% in India. Although delirium is characterized as a unitary syndrome, not all symptoms follow the same trajectory over the course. Hence, there is a necessity for a larger number of studies to understand these phenomenological and etiological profiles across different regions in India. Aim: To study the clinico-etiological variables and phenomenological profile in delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital including all consecutive delirium patients who referred to the psychiatry department from ICU. All the participants' socioeconomic data were obtained and were administered. Charlson comorbidity index, Neelon and Champagne confusion scale, Richmond agitation sedation scale, delirium etiology checklist, delirium revised scale, revised-98, descriptive statistics, and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 51 study population, the mean age was 57.82 ± 17.19 years, with male preponderance and belonging to lower-middle and upper-lower class. 70.58% of the patients were found to have moderate–severe delirium. Majority of the referral population are from general medicine and of hyperactive delirium. There is no association established with the number of drugs and comorbidities with delirium severity. Metabolic disturbances are most common; sleep–wake cycle disturbance has the highest score and also the most common feature in delirium severity. Conclusion: Majority of the cases who were referred are male in moderate–severe stage and hyperactive delirium. As the detection of cases is challenging in the ICU settings, better understanding of the underlined etiological and phenomenological profiles may aid in easy identification of delirium cases at early stages.


Intractable ascites is encountered with increasing frequency in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Eight patients out of 68 developed moderate to massive ascites. Peritoneal dialysis antedated


The invention discloses a floating type wind energy receiving device, comprising a spiral body and hauling cables, wherein the spiral body is a single spiral air bag, the diameter of the spiral body is gradually reduced to be in an inverted cone shape from top to bottom, and the air bag is filled with light gas. The hauling cables which are at least three are arranged along the bus direction of the spiral body and are connected with the surface of the spiral body, and the lower end of each hauling cable is connected with a driving device for driving an electric generator. Compared with the prior art, the floating type wind energy receiving device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience for operation, low cost, light weight and high using safety and can effectively utilize high-altitude wind energy.


Microstructure and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of A319 cast alloy were investigated in this work. Microstructure analysis indicated that both degassing and hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) process could help to reduce and eliminate porosity. The strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue tests were conducted at total strain amplitude ranging from 0.2% to 0.4%. The stress-strain hysteresis loops were acquired and the effect of HIPing and degassing on cyclic deformation behavior was analyzed combining the cyclic stress response curves. Moreover, the effect of HIPing and degassing on LCF life was analyzed, and a fatigue life model based on the area fraction of defects was proposed which was found to be suitable to predict life. Finally, the fatigue fractography observation showed that the presence of porosity could accelerate the initiation and propagation of cracks and the fatigue failure of materials.


Background:  Injections with Lipostabil®, a phosphatidylcholine (PDC) containing substance, have become a popular technique to treat localized fat accumulation and lipomas for aesthetic reasons. Despite its frequent use, the mechanism of action of PDC and histological changes of treated fat tissue still remain unclear. To investigate the histological changes of lipomas after treatment with PDC.


The warning service in plant protection is of great importance within the extension service in agriculture. The state office of plant protection in Stuttgart centrally supports the advisors at the local offices by the networked provision of up-to-date information as needed to prepare and create the regional warnings. Using the intranet within the state administration of agriculture in Baden-Wurttemberg, the up-to-date provision is quicker and more efficient than conventional solutions using the maintenance-intensive preparation of locally acquired and computed data (intranet-based warning service in plant protection). Decision support systems and forecasting models, that require little or no user input have been automized and centralized at the state institute of plant protection and only the results will need to be communicated on the intranet. Data and information are accessible directly and efficiently on a state-wide basis. On the local intranet server in Stuttgart, current and historical data and information are available. The target customer community of the intranet is the governmental agricultural advisors in Baden-Wurttemberg. Fully automated routines of data acquisition, transfer, formatting and processing are of great importance for daily update of weather data and warning service data. In the future centralization of information supply and development of WEB-server-based decision support systems will be needed on a sustained basis.


Historically, wave optics computer codes have been paraxial in nature. Folded systems could be modeled by "unfolding" the optical system. Calculation of optical aberrations is, in general, left for the analyst to do with off-line codes. While such paraxial codes were adequate for the simpler systems being studied 10 years ago, current problems such as phased arrays, ring resonators, coupled resonators, and grazing incidence optics require a major advance in analytical capability. This paper describes extension of the physical optics codes GLAD and GLAD V to include a global coordinate system and exact ray aberration calculations. The global coordinate system allows components to be positioned and rotated arbitrarily. Exact aberrations are calculated for components in aligned or misaligned configurations by using ray tracing to compute optical path differences and diffraction propagation. Optical path lengths between components and beam rotations in complex mirror systems are calculated accurately so that coherent interactions in phased arrays and coupled devices may be treated correctly.


Different are the patterns adopted by the firms to sustain innovation and growth, by considering at the same time the need to increase their productivity. The replication of organizational models represents one of the most adopted pathways, as highlighted by a recent research conducted on a sample of service firms. The case studies of Calzedonia, 4Bild e Vita Nova Trentino Wellness show how this pathway may be interpreted, although in service industries involved in different activities, and its opportunities and limits.


Abstrcat In order to control traffic flow at an intersection effectively, the dynamic responses of control timing must be researched. In this paper, the traffic flow at an intersection under the condition of Erlangian arrival and the control timing plans is simulated, because an intersection is the basic unit of a road network. By the way, Erlangian distribution is a generalized random distribution which contains a series of random distributions with this changing of it's parameters. Therefore, the uncertainty of traffic flow can be described with the Erlangian distribution, and the study under this condition has a better generality. Due to the uncertainty and complexity of traffic flow, mathematical modeling is impossible, the simulation tests can be used. The dynamic responses of control timing plans are obtained and analyzed based on the simulation results. The useful conclusions for increasing of effect of traffic control are obtained.


As an important part of urban landscape research, analyzing and studying street-level greenery can increase the understanding of a city's greenery, contributing to better urban living environment planning and design. Planning the best path of urban greenery is a means to effectively maximize the use of urban greenery, which plays a positive role in the physical and mental health of urban residents and the path planning of visitors. In this paper, we used Google Street View (GSV) to obtain street view images of Osaka City. The semantic segmentation model is adopted to segment the street view images and analyze the Green View Index (GVI) of Osaka City. Based on the GVI, we take advantage of the adjacency matrix and Floyd-Warshall Algorithm to calculate Green View Index best path, solving the limitations of ArcGIS software. Our analysis not only allows the calculation of specific routes for the GVI best paths but also realizes the visualization and integration of neighborhood urban greenery. By summarizing all the data, we can conduct an intuitive feeling and objective analysis of the street-level greenery in the research area. Based on this, such as urban residents and visitors can maximize the available natural resources for a better life. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/Jackieam/GVI-Best-Path. reveal the impact of eye-level street greenery on residents' physical activity levels, thus contributing to developing and implementing healthy cities to stimulate physical activity. In (Ki & Lee, 2021), from the starting point of analyzing the correlation between walking time and green landscape, it demonstrated that GVI has a stronger correlation with walking time compared to traditional greenery variables. The results of this study provide valuable guidelines for policy directions to construct and promote pedestrian walking environments.


This research was carried out at SMK Abdi Negara Binjai regarding the Evaluation of the Prakerin Program at the school, this study used a mixed method method, and the researchers aimed to understand the input stages (antecedents) carried out in the implementation of the internship program at SMK Abdi Negara Binjai, to determine the stages of the process. (transactions) are implemented in the implementation of the internship program at SMK Abdi Negara Binjai and to understand the stages of results (outputs) the program is implemented. As for this research, it is useful to provide benefits both theoretically and practically, such as providing an overview in carrying out the evaluation of the prakerin implementation by using the stake's countenance evaluation model so as to find out the extent of the shortcomings of this practice and how the ability to improve these deficiencies. the benefits above are theoretical benefits while practical benefits for schools this research can be used as evaluation material to improve the implementation of prakerin that has been carried out so that in the future schools can carry out activities well. One of the findings in this study reveals things that support the implementation of PRACTICE for students at SMK Abdi Negara Binjai. The things that support or support the implementation of the PRAKERIN program are the existence of program guidelines that are easy to understand and whose achievements can be measured, practical facilities that must be adequate both at school and at practice sites, mentoring resources, mental and physical readiness of PRAKERIN participants, and financial assistance from the committee. and the government is urgently needed for the achievement of goals and the successful implementation of learning and training in schools and including the implementation of the Industrial Work Practice program at SMK Abdi Negara Binjai


The safety of the water–energy–food (WEF) system in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is critical to the sustainable development of resources, the economy, and society in the region. This paper uses the projection pursuit model of a real-code accelerated genetic algorithm (RAGA-PP) to comprehensively evaluate the WEF system security of the CPEC for the period 2000–2016. The results show that from 2000 to 2016, the projection value of the WEF system was reduced from 2.61 to 0.53, and the overall system security showed a downward trend. Moreover, the CPEC increased by 6.13 × 107 people, resulting in a rapid decrease in per capita water resources and decreased security of the water resources subsystem. With the rising social and economic development in recent years, the per capita energy consumption has likewise risen, leading to a decline in the energy subsystem. At the same time, the per capita grain output in the study area has increased from 185 to 205 kg, and the safety of the food subsystem has been enhanced. However, the significant increase in irrigated areas (from 1.82 × 1010 to 1.93 × 1010 hectares) has further highlighted the contradiction between the supply and demand of surface water resources, and the number of tube wells increased by 7.23 × 105, resulting in the consumption of a large amount of electricity and diesel resources. The water–energy (WE) subsystem also became less safe. With the implementation of water resources management policies over the past few decades, the proportion of agricultural water consumption dropped from 95.06% in 2000 to 93.97% in 2016, and the safety of the water–food (WF) subsystem increased. Unfortunately, agricultural irrigation consumes a large amount of power resources, leading to a reduction in the security of the energy–food (EF) subsystem. The research results from the present study could provide a scientific basis for the coordinated development of WEF systems across the CPEC region.


Encouraging consultation questions

There is great power in the spoken word and doctors should beware misunderstandings. The first author spent some time in general practice. On a home visit to a man in bed with pneumonia he was bidding farewell to the man's wife at the front door when she said, "He is still off the greens doctor". The first author did not understand what she meant. She explained that 20 years previously her husband had had a bout of diarrhoea and vomiting. The senior partner had advised that he should "stay off the greens"—presumably for a short period. For the 20 years that followed not one green leaf had passed this man's lips. Arguably, the most powerful medical intervention is the spoken word, yet how we communicate with families is little studied.

The hospital clinic is the active point of contact between families, their children, and local paediatric services. From the family's point of view this is an essential interchange, often viewed with apprehension for many weeks as a result of worry over underlying disease or illness, real or perceived. For the doctor on many services the clinic is a stressful time commitment with a varying agenda: identifying (not missing) significant illness, assuring where appropriate, giving adequate supervision for trainees, and avoiding them too making mistakes. A typical scenario would be:

"the parents in front of you are in tears, the last child no better, trainee at the door with a question, over-running 40 minutes already, and waiting lists growing"

In that interchange between families and doctors moments are precious. Despite best efforts it is easy to get things continuously wrong. The authors found that children with epilepsy attending a clinic continued to misunderstand the nature of their problem.1 Another dimension was opened up in a study of …


Kesaev's recent data on the stability of vacuum arcs for a wide variety of solid and liquid cathodes furnish a greatly expanded range of criteria for determining the mechanism of the cathode spot. The large effects of phase and crystalline texture of the cathode suggest that an essential process occurs within the cathode metal itself. This is thought to be secondary electron emission produced by positive ions through a diffusion‐controlled neutralization process. Each secondary initiates a short burst of thermal ionization in front of the cathode, which supplies practically all of the arc current. Survival of the arc depends on the emission of at least one new secondary within the period of the burst, and this depends on the current and on the rate of diffusion of ions into the cathode, the secondary emission being greater the larger the current and the slower the diffusion. Relative diffusion rates are estimated for most of the cathode metals used by Kesaev and it is found that the current required for a...


This article aims to discuss the creation and history of the Center for Visual Arts: Casa Raimundo Cela and the National Plastic Arts of Ceara Hall, as an affirmation mechanism of public politics culture and to official institutions of the arts in Ceara. It has been focused on reflecting in the relationship between the State and culture, which in the mid-1960s has intensified due to the creation of the Secretaria and the State Council of Culture, as well as the performance of artists and intellectuals in the organs linked to these institutions. In the meantime, the present study also aims to investigate the Ceara insertion project in the Brazilian art scene, through the creation of a Hall of National Art, either the emergence of a new generation of artists and new aesthetic figurations emerged in the local and national artistic dialogues.


Rectorite is a regular interstratified mineral composed of muscovite-link and montmorillonite-link layers in the proportion of 1:1 with exchangeable interlayer cation and adsorptive properties. This paper studies on the adsorptive properties of rectorite to methylene blue. The result shows that the adsorption accords with Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the maximum adsorption is 40.88mg. methylene blue per gram rectorite. The rate of adsorption increases with the increasing of temperature, rectorite can adsorb methylene blue effectively even if at room temperature of 20℃. The rate of adsorption grows up with the increase of pH. Retorite with saturated adsorption can be used time and again after calcinations at 400℃ for 2h.


AbstractThe system dynamics approach is an object-oriented simulation method based on feedback loops, flow diagrams, and flow and state variables, which can be used in the development of a water system's operational policies and water-resource management. In reservoir operation simulations, there are iterative procedures (feedback loops) due to the dependency of reservoir release on both initial and final reservoir storage. System dynamics can successfully satisfy this need. Given the complex implicit and nonlinear relationships that exist in hydropower reservoirs, the system dynamics approach can be efficient in the planning and management of those reservoirs. This paper develops a system-dynamics simulation model using Vensim for the operation of a hydropower reservoir system (Khersan 1, Karoon 4, and Karoon 3) that is located in series and in parallel in the Karoon river basin, Iran. Steps of the model design include definition of decision variables, formulation of model, and method of solution to comp...


Rare-earth permanent magnet synchronous motor has various ascendant performance,so it is developed rapidly in recent years.Because of the particularity of its magnetic field,it is very hard to get precision design by field to load method.This paper presents a mutually related field-circuit method,and a rare-earth permanent magnet synchronous motor of 21 kW is designed by mutually related field-circuit method.The design result is acceptable.


................................................................................................................ xx Chapter 1: Coupled Decisions In Engineered Systems: Establishing Decision Scenario Matrix with DSPs for Coupled Problems .................................................1 1.1 Coupled Decisions in the Design of Engineered System ...........................2 1.1.


chapter 1 Maximizing Consciousness Across the Disciplines: Mechanisms of Information Growth in General Education chapter 2 Modern Philosophical Culture, Education and the Fragmentation of Consciousness: Giambattista Vico and the Road Not Taken chapter 3 The Strange Attraction of Sciousness: William James on Consciousness chapter 4 Recasting Dewey's Critique of the Reflex-arc Concept via a Theory of Anticipatory Consciousness: Implications for Theories of Perception chapter 5 Perceiving and Measuring of Spatiotemporal Events chapter 6 A Physiologically Based System Theory of Consciousness chapter 7 Common Unconscious Dynamics Underlie Uncommon Conscious Effects: A Case Study in the Iterative Nature of Perception and Creation chapter 8 Is the Dialogue over the Nature of Consciousness Limited by Its Own Terms? chapter 9 One Model, Diverse Manifestations: A Paradigm of Consciousness in Twentieth-Century Art chapter 10 Consciousness, Communities and the Brain: Toward an Ontology of Being chapter 11 "Not-Self" Consciousness and the Aniconic in Early Buddhism chapter 12 Many Realisms chapter 13 Liberal Education as a Reflection of Our Assumptions Regarding Truth and Consciousness: Time for an Integrative Philosophy chapter 14 Index


Abstract – A simple and practical two-step procedure for the preparation of 2-unsubstituted 1-benzo[ b ]furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl esters is described. The procedure uses the copper-catalyzed intramolecular C–O bond formation and provides an efficient route to the title compounds in good to excellent yields. INTRODUCTION Benzo[ b ]furan derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds widely presented in nature. 1 Substituted benzo[ b ]furans are known to possess important biological properties and find application as pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals and in other fields of chemistry. 2 For this reason, numerous methods for the synthesis of benzo[ b ]furan derivatives 1-3 have been developed over the years and the majority of methods for selectively constructing benzo[ b ]furan ring system includes the transition metal-catalyzed transformations. 4 1-Benzo[ b ]furan-3-carboxylic acids ( 1 ) and their derivatives have found significant use as building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important molecules.


Abstract : Street gangs have plagued the United States for decades. One focus of current gang prevention efforts strives to reduce the number of new recruits to local street gangs. This research proposes the uses of modeling and decision analysis to aid in identifying potentially "at risk" children likely to join a street gang in Montgomery County, Ohio. A stronger means of identifying "at risk" children can lead to a more efficient placement of resources to reduce the number of street gang recruits. The approach also aids in differentiating between neighborhoods to help focus efforts. Information obtained from value-focused thinking (VFT) analysis is used to determine the allocation of six hypothetical gang prevention programs for Montgomery County. A notional knapsack analysis is performed to illustrate the potential notional percentage reduction of "at risk" children using the six hypothetical gang prevention programs within the 17 cities in the county. Different notional scenarios are discussed and a notional scenario is recommended to demonstrate a potential use of the proposed model -- and operations research in general -- in the public sector.


The value orientation of library legislation is a category of relation, studying the necessity of library laws. The revised law and its legal rules have characteristics of their own. But their value orientation and value target are similar, and at the same time, different from those in other law departments. As specified in library law, they should bear the basic values of service, welfare, overall personal development, equality and efficiency, etc.


The Albany State Basketball Team's hopes for post-season play now rest upon the ECAC selection committee with the naming of Potsdam as the fourth entry in the regionals by the NCAA. The NCAA will probably pick two more teams to complete the field, including RPI. Albany, however, isn't in the running for the remaining spot because only two teams are allowed from one conference. Brockport and Potsdam will represent the SUNYAC. The teams that appear under consideration for the ECAC upstate and Albany. Albany's chances for a bid in this four team tourney are excellent. They have the best record oTany of the other teams. The bids will be announced this weekend. There is a good chance that Albany will host the ECAC's.The only problem is that the dates for the tourney are on March 9 and 10. This conflicts with vacation. Hopefully, if the tourney is held here, some arrangement can be made to keep the dorms open an extra day or have the finals played on the afternoon 'if the tenth.


Chapter 1 covers the early decades of Methodism in the United States, specifically with regard to Black churchgoers. John Wesley's strong antislavery stance was part of the heritage of Methodism, but the movement's success in the United States propelled the Church toward a series of compromises that accommodated slavery and slaveholders. As the denomination succumbed to racial caste, many Black Methodists broke away to form the African Methodist Episcopal and African Methodist Episcopal Zion Churches. Many Methodist leaders also embrace the colonization movement, which represented another accommodation to slavery and caste, and Black Methodists played an important role in the colony of Liberia. While southern Church leaders emphasized their commitment to Christianizing slaves, abolitionists fought to make their voices heard within the Church. Those tensions finally led to a schism over slavery in 1844 and the establishment of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.


Abstract In 2006 the Furniture Textiles and Fashion Department of the V&A received a package. Inside the parcel were a large linen bed sheet and a photograph of a woman in nineteenth-century dress with an accompanying note, but no indication of the donor's name or address. The sheet was late sixteenth century, comprising two widths of hand-woven linen joined by a bobbin lace insertion. Finished at the corners and at the end of the insertion with tassels, it was embroidered with six sets of initials, four of which bore dates ranging from 1786 to 1900. According to the note that accompanied the anonymous donation, these initials referred to the individuals for whose laying-out after death this sheet was used. Research has shown that the initials in fact record marriages, significantly altering the meaning of the object and the commemoration it appears to represent, associated not just with death but also, perhaps instead, with other noteworthy events in its owners' lives. The sheet presents a unique opportunity to explore the material goods of several generations of one family and to build a picture of the role that objects can play in marking and celebrating emotional experience.


Several complex processes that are employed in industries, such as shipping, power plants, and the petrochemical industry, involve time-varying behavior as well as strong nonlinear behavior during operation. The fixed-parameter proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers have difficulty in dealing with control problems that occur in such processes. In this paper, we propose a method of designing a nonlinear PID controller for industrial processes that exhibit a large number of nonlinearities and time-varying behavior. The gains of the nonlinear PID controller are characterized by a simple nonlinear function of the error and/or error rate depending on the process set-point and output. We tune the user-defined parameters using a genetic algorithm by minimizing the integral of time absolute error (ITAE) index. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed method by performing a comparison of the proposed method and two other nonlinear and adaptive methods that are employed for reference tracking, disturbance-rejection performances, and robustness to parameter changes on a continuously stirred tank reactor.


This paper is focused on the distribution of electrical appliances.We give out the definition of business model and a three-storey hierarchical model.We analyze the different roles and their relationships in value chain of electrical appliances.Then we research into the industry transformations,core abilities and innovations of business model on the time axis.On the basis of these analyses we put forward several countermeasures for electrical appliance firms under the new business model.