Compared to fully supervised 3-D large-scale point cloud segmentation methods, which necessitate extensive manual point-wise annotations, weakly supervised segmentation has emerged as a popular approach for significantly reducing labeling costs while maintaining effectiveness. However, the existing methods have exhibited inferior segmentation performance and unsatisfactory generalization capabilities in some scenarios with unique structures (e.g., building facades). In this article, we propose an effective and generalized weakly supervised semantic segmentation framework, called multistage scene-level constraints (MSCs), to solve the above problem. To address the issue regarding inadequate labeled data, we use pseudo-labels for unlabeled data and propose an uncertainty-guided adaptive reweighting strategy to reduce the negative impact of erroneous pseudo-labeled data on the model learning process. To address the class imbalance issue, we employ MSCs (i.e., encoder, decoder, and classifier stages) to treat each class equally and improve perception ability of the model for each class. Evaluations conducted on multiple large-scale point cloud datasets collected in different scenarios, including building facades, indoor scenes, outdoor scenes, and UAV scenes, show that our MSC achieves a large gain over the existing weakly supervised methods and even surpasses some fully supervised methods.


We investigate the finite-density phase diagram of a non-abelian SU(2) lattice gauge theory in (1+1)-dimensions using tensor network methods. We numerically characterise the phase diagram as a function of the matter filling and of the matter-field coupling, identifying different phases, some of them appearing only at finite densities. For weak matter-field coupling we find a meson BCS liquid phase, which is confirmed by second-order analytical perturbation theory. At unit filling and for strong coupling, the system undergoes a phase transition to a charge density wave of single-site (spin-0) mesons via spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. At finite densities, the chiral symmetry is restored almost everywhere, and the meson BCS liquid becomes a simple liquid at strong couplings, with the exception of filling two-thirds, where a charge density wave of mesons spreading over neighbouring sites appears. Finally, we identify two tri-critical points between the chiral and the two liquid phases which are compatible with a $SU(2)_2$ Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten model. Here we do not perform the continuum limit but we explicitly address the global $U(1)$ charge conservation symmetry.


The vegetation map distinguishes between (cid:12)ve tundra vegetation types, trees, and open water at the forest{tundra transition north of Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada. The area is underlain by continuous permafrost. Vegetation types were distinguished based on vegetation height derived from airborne laser scanning, airborne orthophotos and observations from the (cid:12)eld site. A detailed description of the data sources and processing steps is included.


In an earlier discussion of this topic (Coussons et al., 1991), we had concluded that there were no obvious regular patterns of sequence around the sites of transglutaminase-catalysed modification in peptides and proteins, and we suggested that conformational factors might be predominant. We have now taken into account additional sequences from ACTH (Pucci et al., 1988a), substance P (Pucci et al., 1988b), melittin (Perez-Paya et al., 1991), fibrin peptide (Gorman & Folk, 1980), crystallins flBp, /1B3 and 8iA3 (Berbers et al., 1983), seminal vesicle protein SVIV (Porta et al., 1989) and phospholipase A2 (Cordella-Miele et al., 1990). As far as we are aware, there are no other established sites of modification by the liver enzyme reported in the literature. In this Letter, we propose that the minimal requirements for modification of a particular glutamine side chain in a protein are: (i) the glutamine must first satisfy an 'accessibility' criterion, either by being in a highly flexible region of polypeptide chain or by being clearly exposed to solvent in a more structured region of polypeptide chain, and (ii) in the sequence around the glutamine there must be an absence of features which appear to discourage correct interaction with the enzyme. We shall briefly discuss each of these factors in turn and then illustrate the application of the proposed requirements. There is no convenient, reliable method for predicting the accessibility of a side chain from sequence data. However, by applying the BIPED procedure (Akrigg et al., 1988) to the Brookhaven protein structure database, it is found that some 8.200 (229 out of 2778) glutamine side chains have relative accessibilities (Chothia, 1975) of 0.66 or greater. Using this figure we can calculate that some 22000 (8.2 00 of 266873) glutamines in the SWISSPROT (Bairoch & Boeckman, 1991) database (release no. 17) could act as putative substrates in the transglutaminase-catalysed reaction. The choice of 0.66 or greater accessibility is somewhat arbitrary, but can be justified by noting that no glutamine side chains in ribonuclease (which does not act


To solve power quality problems such as voltage sag and low power factor which may occur simultaneously. This paper has taken research on two comprehensive power quality compensation schemes based on series and shunt converters, including corresponding topology structure and operation principle, meanwhile, the equivalent circuit and power flow analysis are also given. Then the paper has discussed relative characteristics of schemes, such as flexibility, reliability and applications. Finally, simulation results have verified effectiveness of related analysis of schemes.


Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities are a popular choice among researchers designing new accelerators because of the reduced power losses due to surface resistance. However, SRF cavities still have unresolved problems, including the loss of power to stray electrons. Sources of these electrons are field emission from the walls and ionization of background gas, but the predominant source is secondary emission yield (SEY) from electron impact. When the electron motion is in resonance with the cavity fields the electrons strike the cavity surface repeatedly creating a resonant build up of electrons referred to as multipacting. Cavity shaping has successfully reduced multipacting for cavities used in very high energy accelerators. However, multipacting is still a concern for the cavity power couplers, where shaping is not possible, and for cavities used to accelerate particles at moderate velocities. This Phase II project built upon existing models in the VORPAL simulation framework to allow for simulations of multipacting behavior in SRF cavities and their associated structures. The technical work involved allowed existing models of secondary electron generation to work with the complex boundary conditions needed to model the cavity structures. The types of data produced by VORPAL were also expanded to include data commonmore » used by cavity designers to evaluate cavity performance. Post-processing tools were also modified to provide information directly related to the conditions that produce multipacting. These new methods were demonstrated by running simulations of a cavity design being developed by researchers at Jefferson National Laboratory to attempt to identify the multipacting that would be an issue for the cavity design being considered. These simulations demonstrate that VORPAL now has the capabilities to assist researchers working with SRF cavities to understand and identify possible multipacting issues with their cavity designs.« less


Objective To compared the effects of retroperitoneoscopic and open radical nephrectomy treatment for the stage T1 renal cell carcinoma. Methods The hospital from 2010 January to 2014 January were treated 60 patients with T1 renal cell carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients, the observation group were given the retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy, and the control group were given the open radical nephrectomy, two groups of general information and clinical efficacy differences were compared. Results The general information compared differences in the two groups were not statistically significant(P 0.05), The blood loss, postoperative morbidity, postoperative bowel recovery time, postoperative drainage tubes were removed, postoperative ambulation and the amount of postoperative analgesic in the observation group were better than the control group(P 0.05); and the operative time and postoperative complication rates compared in the two groups were similar, the difference were not statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion Compared with open radical nephrectomy, Retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy surgical indications is narrow, but with the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, low complication rate, quick recovery, as appropriate preferred stage T1 renal cell carcinoma.


Automatic emotion detection is a key task in human machine interaction,where emotion detection makes system more natural. In this paper, we propose an emotion detection using deep learning algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses end to end CNN. To increase computational efficiency of the deep network, we make use of trained weight parameters of the MobileNet to initialize the weight parameters of our system. To make our system independent of the input image size, we place global average pooling layer On top of the last convolution layer of it. Proposed system is validated for emotion detection using two benchmark datasets viz. Cohn–Kanade+ (CK+) and Japanese female facial expression (JAFFE). The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the other existing methods for emotion detection.


The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 emphasizes the need to take costs into consideration when promulgating regulations. This paper presents cost equations that can be used for water treatment unit process cost estimating. The need for pre-design estimates is discussed, and the factors affecting the reliability of cost estimates is examined. These factors include availability of basic data, stage of development, definition of scope, the time expended on analysis, and experience of the analyst. Data for these equations were derived from a carefully designed study to establish water supply unit process costs on a consistent and understandable basis. The basis for derivation of these curves is presented. Examples of the application of these equations are developed based on a standard layout for a water supply treatment plant and assumed standard values for the input factors for the cost equations.


During the braking of a railway vehicle, excessive slide between wheel and rail can occur due to temporarily degraded adhesion by wet or contaminated rail surface. This can damage the wheel tread, and the damaged wheel affects seriously the safety and ride comfort of the railway vehicle. To prevent from excessive slide between wheel and rail, braking control using wheel-slide protection (WSP) logic is required. In this paper, we present an effective WSP logic to maximize the usage of adhesion force, and demonstrate experimentally the validity of it using a brake HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation) system developed in our laboratory.


Human milk oligosaccharides (OS) play a role in protection against certain infectious diseases. Because manufacture of human OS is now possible on a large scale, some OS may be added to infant formulas. Previous reports on human milk OS indicate a wide individual variation but lack information on PM.Objectives: To evaluate levels of 9 neutral OS (N-OS) in PM and compare them to levels in TM. Methods: So far, we have analyzed 19 samples of PM collected between days 0-33 of lactation from 11 mothers delivering at a mean GA of 30±3.0 wks. After removal of fat and proteins, N-OS were separated by ion exchange chromatography, followed by gel filtration. N-OS in each fraction were analyzed and quantified by Dionex HPLC-PAD. Of 5 mothers tested for secretor status, all were H/Lewis secretors.Results: PM ranges of 9 N-OS and their median perecentage of the total, as well as previously reported levels for TM, are shown below. Conclusion: N-OS levels in PM do not differ substantially from those reported in TM. Table


In this retrospective cohort study, we characterized the age-related topography of quantitative diffusion metric evolution in 569 neonates scanned at our institution. We also studied the temporal rate of these metrics across different regions of the brain. and developed online interactive atlases depicting age-specific normative values of ADC and FA/MD in neonatal brains.


Electrochemical techniques are developed to study the details of the flow around a single particle in a packed bed. Initial work has been done with a dumped bed of 1 in. spheres. Results are presented on the variation of the mass transfer coefficient and the shear stress around the surface of one of the spheres, the overall mass transfer rates to a sphere in a bed of inert spheres, and the effect of Reynolds number on the local mass transfer coefficient and the shear stress.


Prophecies of media convergence have been a key component of recent discussions of digitalization. It has been claimed that the manipulability of digital data facilitates convergence and allows an erosion of differences between media. This article questions these assumptions by showing how there are also considerable obstacles against such manipulability, as well as against the erasure of differences between media. By examining empirical developments, as well as arguments put forward by theorists like Friedrich Kittler, Jay Bolter, Lev Manovich and Rosalind Krauss, it is maintained that what we are seeing is more a proliferations of media than a convergence leading to their unification. In part, this is due to our affection for a multiplicity of media. However, one way in which media do become similar is by increasingly being remediated on a digital platform. Thereby they become subject to a globalization effect by having their functionalities augmented by basic traits of the computer.


Abstract : A digitized version of the maximum principle is derived by a simple and elementary method. In the limit of the discrete time interval approaching zero, the digitized maximum principle is reduced to Pontryagin's maximum principle. The digitized version can be readily programmed on a computer, and all four types of optimization problems: (1) minimum time, (2) maximum range, (3) minimum cost between terminal points, and (4) maximum gain (or minimum cost) in a given interval, are solvable by this method. The computation of the optimum process requires relatively little computer memory, and is exact for systems describable by a set of difference equations. The use of a computer to implement the computed optimum process in various ways is discussed. A more general condition for bang-bang control is also derived. (Author)


The putative ethanol antagonist Ro15-4513 has been reported to attenuate many behavioral responses induced by ethanol, including motor coordination, narcosis, ethanol self administration and intake, and anticonvulsant actions. This study was designed to study the effect of Ro15-4513 on cardiovascular and metabolic responses elicited by intragastric ethanol in conscious rats. Four groups of rats were catheterized under enflurane anesthesia and allowed to regain consciousness. Each group was given either 3.2, 10.0, or 32.0 mg/kg Ro15-4513 or equivalent Tween (i.p.) following ethanol. Ro15-4513 had no effect at any concentration on the decreases in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, central venous pressure, respiration rate, and cardiac stroke volume and the increases in systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, and glucose evoked by the ethanol challenge. Blood alcohol concentrations measured throughout the study were not affected by any concentration of Ro15-4513. These data suggest that even though Ro15-4513 has significant effects on behavioral responses induced by ethanol it has no effect on the cardiovascular and metabolic responses elicited during ethanol intoxication.


We demonstrate analytically and empirically that valuing a firm with foreign operations in the presence of exchange rate uncertainty requires information on the foreign operating cash flows disaggregated by currency and persistence. In particular, given consolidated earnings, investors need information on the exchange gain or loss on permanent foreign operating cash flows. We extend the model to show how the permanent foreign cash flows can be used to condition the change in the translation adjustment to make it value relevant; however, using the permanent foreign cash flows directly is superior for valuation. The empirical tests support our hypothesis that the market response to exchange rate movements is sensitive to the relative magnitudes of revenues and costs denominated in each foreign currency in which a firm has transactions. Disclosure of cash flows by currency should enhance the valuation of firms with foreign operations.


For pt.V see ibid., vol.14, p.447 (1981). The theory of the two-spin correlation functions J(p)( omega ) that determine nuclear spin relaxation rates has been developed for the monovacancy limit of high spin concentrations using the encounter model of Einenstadt and Redfield. The theory is based upon a rate equation for the spin pair probability function and avoids the assumption of a Poisson distribution used by Wolf which is only valid if the spin motions are uncorrelated. In the high-frequency limit omega tau s>>1 and omega tau v >1 the results obtained disagree with those obtained by Feeders (1979) using a moment expansion.


Objective To investigate the incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN) in Chengdu City in 2010 and summarize clinical characteristics of GEP-NEN.Methods The incidence of GEP-NEN was estimated with the data in 2010 from the databases of West China Hospital and Chengdu Health Information Centre.Results A total of 77 cases of GEP-NEN were diagnosed in West China Hospital in 2010.Ten cases from other hospitals or non-Chengdu citizenship were excluded,so a total of 67 cases were included in this study.In 2010,the incidence of GEP-NEN was 1.86/105 in Chengdu City.Among 67 GEP-NEN cases,most lesions were located in pancreas and rectum (38 cases,56.7%),followed by stomach (10 cases),esophagus (seven cases) and duodenum (four cases).Among 57 GEP-NEN cases which had pathotogial grading,26 cases (45.6 %) had neuroendocrine carcinomas or mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas when diagnosed.Conclusions In 2010,the incidence of GEP-NEN in Chengdu City is similar to the reports from other countries.Pancreas,rectum and upper gastrointestinal tract are predilection sites of GEP-NEN.The diagnosis rate of early GEP NEN needs to be raised.

Key words:
Gastrointestinal neoplasms;  Pancreatic neoplasms;  Neoplasms, nervous tissue; Neoplasms, endocrine gland;  Incidence;  Chengdu City


The Dynamics of Slavery in the Nineteenth Century By the beginning of the nineteenth century, the slave trade from Africa had assumed gigantic proportions. It was the largest human migration to date, and hence can be regarded as the first of the world's modern migrations. The peculiar nature of this migration, based as it was on slavery, made its organization complex, for the infrastructure necessary to move such large numbers of people against their will required the mobilization of resources on several continents. After the temporary decline caused by war in Europe during the 1790s and the first decade of the nineteenth century, the trans-Atlantic slave trade from the Guinea coast resumed its previous level, and the export trade now affected East Africa considerably. Slaves became more common wherever the export trade was important. The transformation of the political economy that resulted in the more systematic enslavement of people and the organization of the domestic slave trade pushed the African societies involved toward the more intensified exploitation of slave labor. Indeed, the productive dimension of slavery became more important than ever before. A new factor in the history of slavery in Africa emerged in the midst of this situation. This factor was the movement to abolish the slave trade. Reformers began to attack the trade in the last decades of the eighteenth century; the first United States laws were enacted in 1791 and 1794; Denmark instituted abolition in 1802; in 1807, Great Britain, the largest carrier of slaves to the Americas, made it illegal for her merchants to participate in the trade. The United States embarked on the same path in 1808, the same year that British laws actually became effective. From then on, despite many setbacks, half-hearted enforcement, and extensive smuggling, the days of slavery were numbered. The British government subsequently pressured other European and New World countries to follow its lead, a diplomatic effort that took most of the nineteenth century before the trans-Atlantic trade really came to an end. Besides its diplomatic assault, Great Britain stationed part of its navy off the African shore to enforce abolition. France, the United States, and other countries joined this military effort. This blockade, which was relatively ineffective early in the nineteenth century, had an increasingly severe impact on the trade, making it difficult for ships to buy slaves in many places. The full effects of these measures, however, were not really felt until the 1840s and later still in East Africa.


We propose that the thermoelectric power distinguishes two competing scenarios for quantum phase transitions in heavy fermions : the spin-density-wave (SDW) theory and breakdown of the Kondo effect. In the Kondo breakdown scenario, the Seebeck coefficient turns out to collapse from the temperature scale $E^{*}$, associated with quantum fluctuations of the Fermi surface reconfiguration. This feature differs radically from the physics of the SDW theory, where no reconstruction of the Fermi surface occurs, and can be considered as the hallmark of the Kondo breakdown theory. We test these ideas, upon experimental results for YbRh$_2$Si$_2$.


Chewing gums cannot be assayed unlike tablet by the conventional method that is by crushing the tablet and weighing an accurate amount of medicament and estimating its content. For estimation of the drug content and the study of drug release process from chewing gums a new apparatus (Erweka's DRT 6 Chewing apparatus) has been designed which mimics the natural chewing actions. The drug content was found to be in the range of 95.20 to 99.21% or 28.56 to 29.76 mg. highest drug content and the lowest drug content were found with formulation F5 and formulation F7 of Ambroxol hydrochloride respectively. The present study deals with in-vitro drug release of Medicated chewing gumFormulation F5showed highest drug release of 98.74% and formulation F7 showed lowest drug release of 85.74% respectively at the end of 30 minutes.


The interest in learning is one of the internal factors that can be effect for learning outcomes, and it comes from someone it self. Learning outcomes is the value which is obtained by the students are cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Interest in learning is the tendency of a person's heart or students a sense of fun and interest to do learning activities without coercion. The ability to solve problems (problem solving skills) is a form of skill that requires thinking by using and connecting with various rules that we know according to different combinations. The problem based instruction model is a model of learning in which the students are given a problem authentic and meaningful that can provide convenience to them who construct their own knowledge, develop inquiry and higher order thinking skills develop their independence and confidence. The purpose of this study are: 1) Knowing learning interest and problem solving ability towards learning outcomes by applying problem-based learning models to the subject matter of temperature and changes in class VII to the odd semester of SMP Angkasa Kupang in the 2018/2019 academic year; 2) Knowing the influence of students' learning interest on cognitive learning outcomes by applying problem-based learning models to the subject matter of temperature and the changes in class VII to the odd semester of SMP Angkasa Kupang in the 2018/2019 school year; 3) Knowing the effect of students' problem solving abilities on learning outcomes partially by applying problem-based learning models to the subject matter of temperaturen and changes in class VII to the odd semester of SMP Angkasa Kupang in the 2018/2019 academic year; 4) Knowing the influence of learning interest and problem solving ability on learning outcomes by applying problem-based learning models to the subject matter of temperature and change in class VII of the odd semester of SMP Angkasa Kupang in the 2018/2019 academic year The type of research used is descriptive research and associative research. The populat ion in this study were the seventh grade students of SMP Angkasa Kupang, the sample was the seventh grade students of SMP Angkasa Kupang, taken by random sampling method. The results showed that: 1) Learning interest and problem solving ability towards learning outcomes was said to be good with the acquisition of criteria for learning interest was 61%-80%, the problem solving ability was 0.84 and the learning outcomes were 0.84; 2) There is a significant influence between interest in learning towards learning outcomes by applying a learning model based on the subject matter of temperature and its changes to students of class VII in the odd semester of SMP Angkasa Kupang in the 2018/2019 academic year, with a significant value of 0.886 greater than the sig nificance level, namely 0.05 so that the data is linear; 3) There is a significant influence between the ability of problem solving on learning outcomes by applying a learning model based on the subject matter of temperature and its changes in students of class VII odd semester SMP Angkasa in the 2018/2019 school year, with a significant value of 0.814 greater than the level of significance that is 0.05 so that the data is linear; 4) There is an influence of students' interest in learning and problem-solving ability on learning outcomes by applying learning models based on the subject matter temperature problems and changes to students in grade VII odd semester in SMP Angkasa Kupang in 2018/2019 academic year, with a percentage of 68.1%.


Dense copper oxide nanoribbons arrays are prepared on a copper sheet by using a low-temperature hydrothermal method. The wettability of the surface modified by stearic acid is superhydrophobic, and the water contact angle is 153.6°. It is demonstrated that the reversible transition from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity is successfully achieved by heat treatment and re-modification, and the whole process can be accomplished in 170 s. Potentiodynamic polarization curves and Nyquist curves show that these superhydrophobic surfaces have good corrosion resistance and superior durability.


Cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) became an integral part of palm-based cropping systems of India. It is being grown profitably as a mixed crop under arecanut ( Areca catechu L.), coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.), and oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) gardens of the southern states Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh. It is well adapted to the humid tropics with high rainfall and short dry spells as well as irrigated gardens of tropical belts, utilizing the shade provided by the palms. Research efforts of more than four decades at the ICAR-CPCRI (Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute) and KAU (Kerala Agriculture University) have allowed efficient utilization of conserved cocoa genetic resources by farmers to provide additional income through multispecies cropping systems in the spices and plantation sector. National Horticulture Mission of Govt. of India identified cocoa as a potential crop for area expansion and development to meet both internal and export demands. Improved varieties were developed with high pod yield, bean quality, suitable to different agro-climatic zones and to tackle major biotic and abiotic stress. This chapter out-lines the contributions of cocoa breeding efforts at the research institutes and State Agricultural Universities; developmental programs of Ministry of Agriculture and procurement and processing facilities to the growth of the cocoa sector in India.


CARL LANKOWSKI (ed.), Breakdown, Breakup, Breakthrough: Germany's Dif® cult Passage to Modernity (Berghahn Books, New York and Oxford, 1999), 233 pp., ISBN 1-57181-2113 (hb) PEPPER D. CULPEPPER and DAVID FINEGOLD (eds), The German Skills Machine: Sustaining Comparative Advantage in a Global Economy (Berghahn Books, New York and Oxford, 1999), 482 pp., ISBN 1-57181-1443 (hb) CHRIS THORNHILL, Political Theory in Modern Germany (Polity Press, Cambridge, 2000), 264 pp., ISBN 0-7456-19991 (hb), 0-7456-2000-0 (pb)


History, Revolution and Human Nature is an obscurely written book. Bien is a hard writer to follow, and the organization and course of his argument are far from transparent. Unfortunately, too little compensates the reader for the effort to comprehend him. Bien does not formulate with sufficient enough precision the issues with which he wrestles for the reader to share his belief in their importance or to feel that Bien has done much to solve them. Analyticallyminded philosophers (Cohen, Wood) and social scientists (Elster, Roemer) have been the crest of a wave that in the last ten years has raised the academic study of Marx to a new level of rigour, marked by clarity, solid textual exegesis, and robust argumentation. Bien falls significantly short of this standard. In addition, the major assumptions of Bien's volume are open to question. Bien views Marx's enterprise as essentially a philosophical one; hence, he looks for some sort of philosophical underwriting for the Marxist claim that socialism will supplant capitalism and that humankind will enter a new era. Yet the major thrust of Marx's mature writings was toward the elaboration of an empirically grounded, socio-economic critique of capitalism. Marx undoubtedly did have an implicit philosophy of human nature, but he also endeavoured to furnish, not just


Market needs, design objectives, principles of measurement and test results are given for a new, image-based method for measuring the important fiber quality of length. The complete fiber length distribution of a new form of tapered beard sample is provided, from which "true" long fiber content, LFC, and "true" short fiber content data products, SFC, are determined. These new length measurement technologies enable significant improvements in accuracy and precision and are part of the IsoTester® platform, a next generation high volume fiber quality testing instrument.


Approaches to goal recognition have progressively relaxed the requirements about the amount of domain knowledge and available observations, yielding accurate and efficient algorithms capable of recognizing goals. However, to recognize goals in raw data, recent approaches require either human engineered domain knowledge, or samples of behavior that account for almost all actions being observed to infer possible goals. This is clearly too strong a requirement for real-world applications of goal recognition, and we develop an approach that leverages advances in recurrent neural networks to perform goal recognition as a classification task, using encoded plan traces for training. We empirically evaluate our approach against the state-of-the-art in goal recognition with image-based domains, and discuss under which conditions our approach is superior to previous ones.


There is an enormous range of variation both in the physical characteristics of Indian cities and in the functions which they perform.2 To some extent, such variation is the result of events which have, in the course of time, remolded cities in the wake of political and technological change. Historically this was the case in India when, for example, the focus of political power shifted from one region or city to another, or when technological change, such as the expansion of the railway system in 19th Century British India, left once-flourishing cities by the wayside and enhanced the position of other cities more favorably situated in relation to the new means of transport. In many cases this process is reflected in the disparate functions and urban characteristics-religious, commercial and industrial -which have been assimilated within the confines of a single city. Yet in spite of this diversity, certain specific characteristics and functions of a city often dominate and stand out in bold relief from the others. Thus, it is difficult to mistake the predominantly religious character of such cities as Banaras and Hardwar (despite the strong commercial element which emerged inevitably to accommodate the large number of residents and transient pilgrims), or the metropolitan character of Calcutta and Bombay, or the industrial character of Kanpur. In cities such as the last three, the metropolitan and industrial functions tend to dominate the local market and religious functions. There are other cities in India less readily recognizable in terms of a single dominant characteristic or function. These can best be described as "middle-range" cities. Their multiformity is typically reflected in a patchwork of small-scale industrial and commercial enterprises, for they incorporate the economic functions of both market towns and small-scale manufacturing centers. Middle-range cities are most commonly situated alongside the main routes of transport and are prominent, for example, in


Code division multiple access (Code Access, Multiple of Division, abbreviated as CDMA) moving communication network has the capacity dispose a great deal of advantages such as being flexible. This article is focused on the optimization technology of the mobile communication system of CDMA, including optimizing method, the analysis of systematic parameter, systematic trouble judging and solution,etc.


Based on the analysis of modern tourist agricultural garden's characteristics,this paper brings forward some planning principles: sustainable development,comprehensive benefits,participation,local characteristics,diversity and so on.It also raises the basic requirements such as distinctive theme,adaptation to local conditions,reasonable division,prominent features,unified style and modality harmony,which should be followed in designing tourist agriculture garden.The author hopes it could serve as reference for planning and designing tourist agricultural gardens.


Sixty years after her death, Henrietta Lacks began a revolution. Lacks, a black farmer from Virginia, lived in poverty throughout her short life.11 See Rebecca Skloot, The Immortal Life of Henriett...


Experimental phonetics is a branch of general phonetics, taking experimental methods to analyze sounds. Though the studies related to experimental phonetics in China started very late, under the guidance and leadership of distinguished supervisors, many dissertations have been finished in the area. The paper, making use of Citespace to make a visualized analysis of the all the related doctors' and masters' dissertations finished between 1998 and 2018, and taking advantage of Excel to make graphs, provides readers with a direct and visual analysis of the tendency of the studies on experimental phonetics in China. Meanwhile, the paper puts forward suggestion on the future studies in the area, hoping to bring about more studies in the area. 中国二十年来关于实验语音研究的博硕士学位论文可视化分析 关桂云 1,2,3, a ,张晶 1,2,b ,刘泽国 1,2,c ,王鼎 , 于洪志 * 1 中国民族语言文字信息技术教育部重点实验室(西北民族大学),兰州,甘肃,中国 西北民族大学社会科学研究院,兰州,甘肃,中国 西北民族大学外国语学院,兰州,甘肃,中国 email@example.com b firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com d firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com *通讯作者 关键词: 实验语音学; 可视化; 研究趋势 摘要:实验语音学是语音学的一个分支,采用实验的方法对语音进行分析。我国实验语音学 的研究虽然较西方起步稍晚,但是在优秀导师们的指导下,近二十年来的博硕论文相关研究 4th International Conference on Humanities Science, Management and Education Technology (HSMET 2019) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 334


A bstract This study is intended to identify spatial condition of rice production in 2010-2013 and it's related factors to support foods security in Bekasi District. It uses secondary data from various agencies, while the analysis is spatial analysis with ArcGIS. The assumption is rice production spatial distribution can be an important review of foods security condition in Bekasi District. This spatial distribution can show the results of rice production in  each  zone  Bekasi  District.  Rice is  one of  main  commodity  in agricultural   sector   that   is   also   the   main   source   of   community's   needs fulfillment.Based on the distribution of monthly rainfall average in Bekasi, that the wet months occurred in January to April and October to December, while the dry months occurred in May to September. The areas that possess a high rice production is Pebayuran Suc-district, Sukawangi Sub-district and Tambelang Sub-district, low rice production is in Cikarang Utara Sub-district and Cikarang Barat Sub-district which is located in Bekasi Regency. In the management of agriculture, farmers in Bekasi not paying attention of resource management in particular aspects of a sustainable environment with high use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.It can be seen from rice field's management system which is carelessly and not notifying environment's sustainability. It can be showed from a chemical fertilizers utilization that causing a degradation of wetland and rice production years by years. K eywords : spatial analysis, rice production, foods security


It is important to initially understand historical and philosophical trails of the emergence of social capital concept before studying its implications to agricultural development through the stakeholders' interactions. The emergence of social capital concept can be traced back from the classic social theories of Durkheim and Marx as well as other contributed classic scholars in social and economic theories. The concept originated when the forethought of morality conscience, solidarity, cooperation, morality, norms, values, and commitment were brought up to the period of people's movement. Social capital does not have one single definition because the concept requires a context to define its meaning. Along the years of concept's development, experts have found a common ground that the definition of social capital can be seen in the context of a social relation of the actors in achieving their common goals. Many empirical researches had been conducted to study social capital in the agricultural development to learn the social capital elements in mutual trust, reciprocity, and network. Many researches also had found that higher social capital level in people, organization, or community, contributes to a better agricultural development outcome. Therefore, social capital becomes one of the significant elements in pursuing development objectives and accountabilities through stakeholders' social interactions.


Future space activities will require the development of large power sources. Two-phase alkali metal nuclear reactors appear to be a promising source of this power based on weight, compactness and heat transfer criteria. Consequently, two-phase, microgravity computer codes must be developed to analyze and design the reactor core since the cost of large scale prototype operation in space is prohibitive. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive survey of microgravity, two-phase experiments, outlines the type of microgravity two-phase flow data required to develop the necessary constitutive relations, and describes the approach chosen for the development of microgravity computer codes.


In the study, the effect of white and black shell color on Turkish snail (Helix lucorum) was investigated in the estivation period. The shells of Helix lucorum were painted in black and white at the beginning of estivation. Three groups of three replicates were created; white group, black group and control group. 20 snails were planned for each group and 180 H. lucorum were used in total. Hypometabolic behavior procedure during estivation period was evaluated in three stages as entrance to estivation, estivation period and exit from estivation. The majority of snails painted in black during the estivation period chosed soil. The white ones collected on the glass surface of the pen (aquarium). Snails in the control group were fixed both in the soil area and on the glass surface. At the end of the estimation period, 40% of the black-painted group woke up from summer sleep on the first day. The black painted group exited 100% estivation on the fourth day. The group painted in white woke up on the tenth day and the control group completely on the fifth day. At the exit of estivation, the highest survival rate was found in the white-painted group (98%). Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were deternined in the weight measurement values of snails painted in black color before and after estivation.


poSllibly due to septic infection or to syphilis. In regard to drug treatment, he said that in several eases in young women he had obtained good results by the administration of ergot and mercury over considerable periods. In these cases the serum failed to respond to the Wassermann test. The uterus was sometimes enlarged, but was often normal or sub-normal in size. He had found no beneficial results from electrical treatment. Dr. J. Hoets (Sydney) had been struck by the want of unanimity in pathological reports covering the series of uteri removed for fibrosis. He referred to the operation described by Dr. Wilson in old women. He quoted a case operated by him four years previously, which had been followed by perfect results. Dr. H. H. Schlink (Sydney) agreed that the only diagnostic point was the failure to reUeve the condition by curetting. He, too, thought the condition was probably due to an infection. Dr. Fourness Barrington (Sydney) referred to the frequency of eases of fibrosis. The curette was the only valuable diagnostic agent. The majority of cases occurred in women who had been pregnant. He regarded many of them as chronic sub-involution, although many cases had occurred in virgins. He said he had used a similar operation to that referred to by Dr. Wilson for procidentia for about twenty years. Dr. McArthur, In reply, agreed that the curette was the only means of diagnosis for fibrosis ute!·i. As to the retiology he agreed that the condition was probably due to infection. Many of the uteri were enlarged, but in his cases the majority appeared even smaller than normal.


Medium-pH above 6.4 is a com mon cause of micronutrient defi ciency for container-grown plants, and technologies are required to correct an excessively high medium-pH. The objective was to quantify the dose response from application of sev er al acidic materials that have been rec om mend ed for lowering medium-pH in soilless media. A 70% peat/30% perlite (by vol ume) medium was mixed with a preplant nutrient charge, a wetting agent and 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, or 2.4 kg·m-3 of a dolomitic hydrated lime resulting in four starting pH levels ranging from 6.4 to 7.6. Aluminum sulfate (17% Al) at 1.8-28.8 g·L-1 , fl owable el e men tal sulfur (52% S) at 3.55-56.8 mL·L -1 , fer rous sulfate (20.8% Fe) at 1.8-28.8 g·L-1 , Seplex-L organic acid at 0.32-5.12 mL·L -1 , sulfuric acid (93%) at 0.08-2.56 mL·L-1 , 21.1N-3.1P-5.8K water-soluble fertilizer at 50-400 mg·L -1 N (potential acidity 780 g CaCO 3 equivalents/kg), and a deionized water control were applied at 60 mL per 126-cm3 container with minimal leaching as a single drench (except repeat sulfuric acid ap pli ca tions at 0.08 or 0.16 mL·L-1 and 21.1N-3.1P-5.8K treatments that were applied about every 3 days). Medium-pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were tested over 28 days using the sat u rat ed medium ex tract method using deion ized water as the extractant. One day after application, alu mi num sulfate, ferrous sul fate, and sulfuric acid lowered pH by up to 3 pH units at the highest concentrations and medium-pH remained fairly stable for the following 27 days. Flowable sulfur lowered pH gradually over the course of the experiment by up to 3.3 pH units, with no difference across the wide range in concentra- tions. Organic acid had minimal impact on me di um-pH, and 21.1N-3.1P-5.8K did not low er medium-pH despite the fact that all nitrogen was supplied in the am mo ni um and urea form. At rec om mend ed con cen tra tions, chemicals tested raised me di um-EC, but not above ac cept able levels for plant growth. The high est rates of alu mi num and ferrous sul fates, and sulfuric acid, how ev er, increased me di um-EC by 2.0 dS·m-1 on day 1. Me-


GRAPE (GRAvity PipE) is a special-purpose computer designed to accelerate the numerical integration of the astrophysical N-body problem. The prototype hardware, GRAPE-1, is designed as the backend processor that calculates the gravitational interaction between particles. All other calculations are performed on the host computer connected to GRAPE-1. For large-N calculations (N>or approximately=10/sup 4/), GRAPE-1 achieves about 200 Mflops equivalent in one board of the size of about 40 cm by 30 cm, consuming 2.5 W of power. The specialized pipelined architecture of the GRAPE-1 optimized for the large N calculation is the key to the high performance. The authors describe the design, construction and programming of GRAPE-1. The architecture is quite simple, and it is easy to put one pipeline into one LSI chip and make many pipelines work in parallel, without creating a communication bottleneck.<<ETX>>


One of the recurrent debates on international investment rule-making relates to the question whether it is possible to establish a multilateral framework for investment (MFI). Proponents argue that growing foreign direct investment (FDI) from emerging countries, especially China, contributes to a new consensus on global investment rules. 1 The crucial question however, should not be whether it is possible to negotiate an MFI (function follows form) but whether an MFI would be the right institutional form to align investment rule-making with sustainable development (form follows function). If we follow the latter logic, we may realize that we already have elements of a multilateral investment law on the basis of bilateral investment treaties (BITs), 2 which decreases the need for a formal treaty. Furthermore, an MFI may not necessarily be the best institutional fix to tackle the most pressing challenges in the current investment regime. These include the ineffectiveness of BITs to promote FDI, their undue restrictiveness on host countries' policy space and the incoherence of investment rules. 3 First, an MFI would only lead to more FDI – as a result of lower transaction costs for foreign investors – if it supplants existing BITs. As this consolidation seems unlikely, an MFI would merely add another layer to an already complex and fragmented system. Second, it seems unlikely that an MFI would help to increase host countries' policy space to enhance the contribution of FDI to national development. Even if developing countries could use their collective voice in a multilateral forum to establish development-friendly investment rules, this might lead to a pullback by capital-exporting countries. Potential confrontations at the multilateral level could undermine policy changes already underway at the regional level. Third, a standalone MFI would not lead to greater coherence of investment rules in relation to other economic as well as public policies. Finally, with the WTO in deep crisis and unable to integrate investment into a comprehensive set of new trade rules, it remains uncertain in which forum an MFI could be negotiated. Against this background, policymakers should instead focus on the regional level to address the shortcomings of the international investment regime. The regionalization of investment rule-making is already in full swing and has reached a new level with the negotiations of


Room-temperature large-scale highly ordered nanorod-patterned ZnO films directly integrated on III-nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are proposed and demonstrated via low-cost modified nanoimprinting, avoiding a high-temperature process. Imprinting ZnO nanorods of 200 nm in diameter and 200 nm in height with a 600 nm pitch on top of a critical 200 nm thick continuous ZnO wetting layer, the light output power of the resulting integrated ZnO-nanorod-film/semi-transparent metal/GaN/InGaN LED shows a two-fold enhancement (100% light extraction efficiency improvement) at the injection current of 150 mA, in comparison with the conventional LED without the imprint film. The increased optical output is well explained by the enhanced light scattering and outcoupling of the ZnOrod structures along with the wetting film, as verified by the numerical simulations. The wetting layer is found to be essential for better impedance matching. The current-voltage characteristics and electroluminescence measurements confirm that there is no noticeable change in the electrical or spectral properties of the final LEDs after ZnO-nanorod film integration. These results suggest that the low-cost high-quality large-scale ZnO-nanorod imprints hold great promise for superior LED light extraction. References and links 1. D. Zhu, C. McAleese, K. K. McLaughlin, M. Häberlen, C. O. Salcianu, E. J. Thrush, M. J. Kappers, W. A. Phillips, P. Lane, D. J. Wallis, T. Martin, M. Astles, S. Thomas, A. Pakes, M. Heuken, C. J. Humphreys, "GaN-based LEDs grown on 6-inch diameter Si (111) substrates by MOVPE", Proc. SPIE 7231, 72311811 (2009). 2. S. T. Tan, X. W. Sun, H. V. Demir, and S. P. DenBaars, "Advances in the LED Materials and Architectures for Energy-Saving Solid-State Lighting Toward "Lighting Revolution", IEEE Photon. J. 4, 613-619 (2012). 3. M. Boroditsky and E. Yablonovitch, "Light extraction efficiency from light-emitting diodes", Proc. SPI 3003, 119-122 (1997). 4. T. Fujii, Y. Gao, R. Sharma, E. L. Hu, S. P. DenBaars, and S. Nakamura, " Increase in the extraction efficiency of GaN-based light-emitting diodes via surface roughening", Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 855-857 (2004). 5. T. N. Oder, K. H. Kim, J. Y. Lin, and H. X. Jiang, " III-nitride blue and ultraviolet photonic crystal light emitting diodes", Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 466-468 (2004). 6. X. Guo, Y. L. Li and E. F. Schubert, "Efficiency of GaNInGaN light-emitting diodes with interdigitated mesa geometry", Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 1936-1938 (2001). 7. H. Y. Lee , X. Y. Huang and C. T. Lee, "Light output enhancement of GaN-based roughened LEDs using bias-assisted photoelectrochemical etching method", J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, 707-709 (2008). 8. S. J. An, J. H. Chae, G. C. Yi and G. H. Park, "Enhanced light output of GaN-based light-emitting diodes with ZnO nanorod arrays", Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 121108-121110 (2008). 9. S. Dalui, C. C. Lin, H. Y. Lee, C. H. Chao and C. T. Lee, "Light output enhancement of gan-based lightemitting diodes using ZnO nanorod arrays produced by aqueous solution growth technique", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22, 1220-1222 (2010). 10. J. Zhong, H. Chen, G. Saraf, Y. Lu, C. K. Choi, J. J. Song, D. M. Mackie, and H. Shen, "Integrated ZnO nanotips on GaN light emitting diodes for enhanced emission efficiency", Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 203515203517 (2007). 11. S.-H. Lee, K.-J. Byeon, H. Park, J.-Y. Cho, K.-Y. Yang, H. Lee, "Enhancement of light extraction efficiency of GaN-based lightemitting diode using ZnO sol-gel direct imprinting", Microelectronic Engineering 88, 3278-3281 (2011). 12. S. Kim, S.-M. Kim, H.-H. Park, D.-G. Choi, J.-W. Jung, J. H. Jeong, and J.-R. Jeong, "Conformally direct imprinted inorganic surface corrugation for light extraction enhancement of light emitting diodes", Optics Express, 20, A713-A721 (2012). 13. Z. G. Ju, S. T. Tan, Z.-H. Zhang, Y. Ji, Z. Kyaw, Y. Dikme, X. W. Sun, and H. V. Demir, "On the origin of the redshift in the emission wavelength of InGaN/GaN blue light emitting diodes grown with a higher temperature interlayer", Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 123503-4 (2012). 14. Z.–H. Zhang, S. T. Tan, Z. G. Ju, W. Lui, Y. Ji, Z. Kyaw, Y. Dikme, X. W. Sun and H. V. Demir, "On the Effect of Step-Doped Quantum Barriers in InGaN/GaN Light Emitting Diodes", J. Display Technology 9, 226-233 (2012). 15. K. Ishihara, M. Fujita, I. Matsubara, T. Asano and S. Noda, "Direct Fabrication of Photonic Crystal on Glass Substrate by Nanoimprint Lithography", Jpn J Appl Phys. 45, 201-212 (2011). 16. J. Strutt, "On the scattering of light by small particles", Philosophical Magazine 41, 447-454 (1871). 17. S. Nunomura, A. Minowa, H. Sai, and M. Kondo, "Mie scattering enhanced near-infrared light response of thin-film silicon solar cells", Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 063507-063509 (2010).


Primatology in Japan after the World War II began in the late 1940s with the observation of shy wild Japanese macaques ( Macaca fuscata ) from more than 100 m. Depending on artificial feeding students succeeded to observe macaques within a short distance and identified each individual. Individual identification of calm free-ranging macaques within a short distance made it possible to record individual and social behavior of each identified individual in detail; long-lasting kin-recognition between a mother and her offspring, dominance relations among individuals and kin-groups, and then, social organization. Artificial feeding is a form of semi-experimental manipulation introduced into the wild monkey groups. This paper showed how students contributed to the primate studies under such a condition at Koshima, Takasakiyama and Katsuyama. Some behaviors, particularly cultural ones, were found only in the artificially-fed groups. Some other exceptional or uncommon phenomena or behaviors seen in non-artificially-fed groups were recorded, with many episodes sufficient for statistical analysis at artificially-fed groups. As far as we are cautious that artificial feeding is semi-experimental manipulation on the wild monkey groups, we can find out more about the important nature of human and non-human primates and evolutionary relations of them.


Objective
To evaluate the treatment strategies for congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (CHPS).

Methods
A total of 52 CHPS patients were treated during April 2010 to September 2014 at our hospital. Twenty-seven cases received sequential atropine therapy (ST group) while another 25 cases underwent laparoscopy (operation group). The relief rates of vomiting, complications, hospital stay and medical expenditure were compared between two groups. After a follow-up period of 6 months, the weight and thickness of pyloric muscle were observed in two groups.

Results
The relief rate was 88.9% (24/27) in ST group and 100% (25/25) in operation group. No severe complications occurred in neither groups. As compared with control group, the hospital stay was significantly longer while medical expenditure was significantly lower in ST group. No statistically significant inter-group difference existed in the changes of body weight and pyloric muscle thickness.

Conclusions
Atropine sequential therapy is safe, effective and economical. And it may be used as a noninvasive alternative for CHPS.

Key words:
Pyloric stenosis, hypertrophic, congenital; Atropine; Laparoscopes


Most people live in communities. But what determines whether they like or love living in them? In new research, Lauren Hannscott examines the relationship between income, education, community diversity and community satisfaction. She finds that while more educated people are more likely to want to live in more diverse communities, they generally do not, and that such diversity also has no effect on levels of satisfaction. Income and education, on the other hand, are linked to higher levels of community satisfaction.


The author's state-space learning system has effectively optimized the coefficients of linear evaluation functions. The incremental approach uses statistical performance measures from completed solutions to bootstrap the heuristic, which estimates probability of task usefulness. These statistics are clustered in feature space, forming a mediating knowledge structure (region set) between the direct performance measures and the generalized evaluation function. The regions are data-determined, insensitive to noise, and allow management of interacting features through natural piecewise linearity. Early experiment with non linearity indicates stability, flexibility and improved task performance.


This report presents the results of Task 6 of the study led by the Southampton Oceanography Centre under ESRIN Contract No.17900/03/I-LG in response to AO/1-4539/03/I-LG on the Exploitation of the ENVISAT Radar Altimeter Individual Echoes and S Band Data for Ocean, Coastal Zone, Land and Ice/Sea-Ice Altimetry (RAIES). This report first reviews the findings relating to scientific applications of RA2 S-band data for the ocean and the coastal zone, including improved rain, wind and wave products. Using a combination of numerical waveform simulations and comparisons with ERS2 and buoy data, the added value provided by S-band measurements to estimate range, wave height and backscatter was examined. S-band measurements over the ocean and in the coastal zone appear much noisier than Ku-band and ERS measurements when validated against SWH buoy data. However, S-band σ0 values are found to be less affected by rain than Ku-band σ0. Ionospheric corrections based on RA-2 dualfrequency data show good agreement with those obtained from the JPL Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM). Global analyses show that S-band anomalies occur globally, with slight preference over Indonesia and descent over South America, plus poles. No periodicity is evident, indicating a likely instrumental origin. A new approach to estimating sea state bias at S-band using theoretical and empirical formulations is proposed.

The second part of the report presents the scientific applications with S-band data over land and ice/sea ice surfaces. Overall, the use of S-band for land/ice surfaces sounds promising. Extremely good echo retrieval is achieved at S-band over land surfaces, attributed to the width of the S band range window. Over sea ice, intriguing variations in the complex echo shapes are seen between Ku and S-band. Unexpected temporal variations are observed in many categories of waveform shape at S-band, which are not mirrored at Ku-band. This strongly indicates that the information content at S band differs significantly from that at Ku band over land as well as ice surfaces. This makes S-band data a valuable addition for non-ocean studies, and fully justifies the need to include S-band in the analysis of RA-2 waveforms.


Though many evidence-based interventions targeting adolescent alcohol drug use are available, it is unknown if these interventions are put to practice. In this article, we discuss some critical issues associated with the implementation of an evidence-based alcohol prevention program in the Netherlands. Tips that may potentially contribute to a successful implementation of this specific intervention are provided.


A calculation is given, based on a classical model of nonbonded interactions, which successfully predicts the vapour-phase rotamer energy differences of 1,2-dihalogeno, 1,1,2-trihalogeno-, and 1,1,2,2-tetrahalogeno-ethanes.


INTRODUCTION
Moderate preterm infants, born between 320/7 and 336/7 weeks, represent a significant number of preterm-born infants; however, they remain a poorly studied group despite their vulnerability. The objective of this correlational study is to describe the impact of having a moderate preterm infant hospitalised in the NICU on the mothers' mental health and how this relates to the interaction between the dyad.

METHOD
During the hospitalisation period, 85 moderate preterm mother-infant dyads participated in this study. The participants provided self-reports of depression, parental stress, and skin to skin and breastfeeding practices. Also, mother-infant interaction was assessed in the NICU with an observational scale.

RESULTS
Mothers evidenced high levels of stress and depressive symptoms during the hospitalization. The stress experienced by these women was significant, although weakly, associated with the interaction with their babies; and mothers of small for gestational age babies showed difficulties in this area.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study could represent a contribution to a better understanding of the relation between the characteristics of moderate preterm babies, maternal emotional wellbeing, and the quality of mother-infant interactions in NICU settings.


Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy has been used to study the chemical structure of thin films of pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on copper and aluminium surfaces. The formation of a conjugated CCC backbone occurs at temperatures as low as 200°C for PAN on copper, whereas the same reaction on aluminium requires pyrolysis at 300°C in order to be completed. These temperatures are, respectively, about 200 and 100°C lower than those previously reported for bulk PAN. Pyrolysis of PAN on copper at 200°C also results in diffusion of copper atoms (ions) into the polymer network followed by Cu(I)N°C complexing. Conclusive evidence is obtained for end-on coordination through nitrogen lone pair orbitals of the CN groups. We propose a chemical structure of PAN on copper that is different to that in the bulk and on aluminium.


43 To accomplish the best operation of available solar energy, it is important to estimate the 44 incident solar radiation over the specific region. The present study focuses on the estimation of 45 solar radiation by using mathematical modelling. For that purpose, monthly average daily global 46 solar radiations are estimated based on different parameters like minimum and maximum 47 temperature, sunshine hour, and relative humidity. The location selected for this study is Kadapa 48 ((14.47ºN, 78.87º E, and 138m asl) Southern part of India. The study period is from April 2016 49 to October 2018. The study focuses particularly on models based on the relative sunshine (S/S 0 ) 50 and clearness index (k t ). The clearness index and relative sunshine were high in December 51 (1.058±0.002 and 0.968±0.005) and low in July (0.952±0.05 and 0.734±0.072). The estimated 52 clearness index based on sunshine models is best correlated with the calculated clearness index 53 values. In temperature and relative humidity-based models the hybrid parameter-based models 54 are better correlated with the single parameter based-models.


In this paper, we introduce the time-frequency AR model as a time-varying autoregressive (TVAR) approach for modeling non-stationary signals, and frequency information is then extracted from the TVAR parameters. The impulse response backscattered by Aluminium cylindrical shell is analysed from the parametric time-frequency representation. This representation is called TVAR spectrum. The parameters of this model are determined by the adaptive algorithm. The adaptive methods may be sufficient for the TVAR parameter estimation, if the non-stationary part of a signal changes slowly. The time-varying spectrum "TVARS" (power spectral density) is applied to determine much more accurately the cut-off frequency of the anti-symmetric circumferential waves (Al and A2) propagating around the circumference of the tube of radii ratio equal to 0.95. From the TFAR representation obtained, we have estimated the cut off frequencies with a precision. These frequencies and the transverse velocity of aluminium are compared with those computed by the proper modes theory given in the scientific literature. A good agreement is obtained.


Efficient use of radio spectrum is a necessity for future wireless systems. This can, for example, be accomplished by cognitive radios. An important point for designing future systems is to gain knowledge about the occupation of the frequency bands which may be used by the cognitive radio. This includes the general characterization of the traffic density at the frequency bands as well as a detailed analysis of the temporal frequency occupation. Thus, this paper describes measurements taken in the GSM network at three different scenarios. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the measurement results is presented including statistical as well as spectral occupation analysis.


In the present study, an attempt was made to prepare oral Nanosuspension of Nebivolol (a beta1 blocker), in order increase drug solubility and to overcome bioavailability problems, to reduce dose dependent side effects and frequency of administration. Nanosuspension containing the drug was prepared by precipitation method using combinations of polymers (such as tween 80, tween 20, soluplus, PEG 200, PEG 400 and methanol) in to 12 formulations F 1 to F 12 . Subsequent drying was done by spray drying method to form dried nanosuspensions. The Nanosuspensions were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug content uniformity, in-vitro drug release, short-term stability, and drug- excipient interactions (FTIR). IR spectroscopic studies indicated that there are no drug-excipient interactions. The


Friction material in automotive brake system plays an important role in effective and safe braking.Polymer matrix friction materials of automotive brake are summarized including matrix,reinforcements,friction modifiers and fillers,and the development trend of polymer matrix friction materials of automotive brake is pointed out.


The Raman and infrared spectra of methyl propyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, and butyl methyl ether were measured for the gaseous, liquid, glassy and crystalline states. The normal vibration frequencies were calculated, a consistent set of force constants explaining the frequencies of basic aliphatic ethers being assumed. The rotational isomerism was studied and the following conclusions were obtained. (1) Only the all-trans form exists in the crystalline state. (2) Another form which takes the gauche conformation about the OC–CC axis and the trans conformation about the CC–CC and CO–CC axes exists in the glassy state. (3) Other forms also exist in the liquid state. These results confirmed that the repulsive force between nonbonded hydrogen atoms was one of the important factors influencing the stability of molecular conformations. The stable conformations of the ether molecules were correlated with those of polyether chains.


This paper concerns with investigation of the trimming process which uses ion beam etching for high-precision adjustment of the thickness of functional microelectronics layers. The layer deposited on the substrate is etched by scanning focused ion beam; its position and power is regulated according to the topography of layer non-uniformity. The trimming allows to create pre-defined topography of the non-uniformity with accuracy down to 4 Å and decrease the roughness of the surface. PACS: 52.40.Hf


Th is should hardly be surprising. Performance management, the use of goals and measurement as management tools, makes intuitive sense. Who can argue with the logic of setting goals, especially goals that are clearly linked to improving desired outcomes? Goals, succinctly communicated by managers, signal what, how much, and how soon to the people in an organization (including the boss, subordinates, and other offi ces), delivery partners (e.g., contractors, grantees, and other government agencies), authorizers (e.g., legislators), and others. Goals aligned with priorities and available resources eff ectively focus the use of organizational resources, including energy and intelligence.


Through the methods of literature analysis,empirical analysis and normative analysis,this article summarizes the achievements and problems of the past six years since the curriculum of sports events management began in Capital Institute of P.E.Connected with the theory and experience of Beijing Olympic Games,and deeply analyzes the effect of Beijing Olympic Games on the construction of sports event management curriculum,and gives some innovational measures and advice in order to consummate the construction of sports event management curriculum.


Chiral metasurfaces based on asymmetric meta-atoms have achieved artificial circular dichroism (CD), spin-dependent wavefront control, near-field imaging, and other spin-related electromagnetic control. In this paper, we propose and experimentally verify a scheme for achieving high-efficiency chiral response similar to CD of terahertz (THz) wave via phase manipulation. By introducing the geometric phase and dynamic phase in an all-silicon metasurface, the spin-decoupled terahertz transmission is obtained. The giant circular dichroism-like effect in the transmission spectrum is observed by using a random phase distribution for one of the circular polarization components. More importantly, the effect can be adjusted when we change the area of the metasurface illuminated by an incident terahertz beam. In addition, we also demonstrate the spin-dependent arbitrary wavefront control of the transmitted terahertz wave, in which one of the circularly polarized components is scattered, while the other forms a focused vortex beam. Simulated and experimental results show that this method provides a new idea for spin selective control of THz waves.


In this paper, we propose a new wideband speech coder which combines the European standard of a narrowband speech coder, i.e., GSM-EFR, and a transform coder using the discrete wavelet transform. Input sp eech is first split into two bands with equal bandwidth. A subband coder with wavelet transformed speech is designed for a upper band coder, and a GSM-EFR coder is adopted as a lower band coder. The total bit rate of the proposed coder is 18.9 kbps, and informal listening test results have shown that the proposed coder has comparable speech quality to that of G. 722 with 56 kbps.


Marginal degradation of two amalgams with different creep properties was studied as a function of clinical variables. The amalgam with the highest creep values showed the most marked marginal degradation, irrespective of operator, doubling of the trituration time, and the use of contralateral, opposing, or unrelated teeth for comparison.


: The research aims to reveal population growth trends for the population of Anbar province. The importance of population growth is highlighted because it helps to know population changes in the past, present and future, which provide the planners with the necessary data to use in order to set general lines for planning programs in various areas of economic and social life, Therefore, population growth has become one of the phenomena emphasized by the geographers of population. Thus, it addresses the natural characteristics of Al-Anbar Province, which are the ground upon which the phenomenon of population growth trends emerges for the population of Anbar province. It also detects some variables affecting the variance of the population growth of the province population and its analysis in time through identifying the methods of measuring population growth rates. The study found out that the natural characteristics played a major role in affecting the population characteristics, in addition to the decrease in males numbers versus the increase in females number. It also concludes that there is a continued growth of the population of the province with high growth rates and in a stable level during the study period. The study recommends to balance the population growth rates during the study period, and to educate families about the importance of recording births at the time of their occurrence to have more accurate and realistic data. It recommends too that the state's population policy should be clear and announced in regard to reproduction in order to be consistent with the society perspectives and the aspirations of the Iraqi state.


Aim: ECOG Performance status (PS) is a major prognostic factor in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPAC) and is one of key factors to consider in treatment selection. However, there is limited ability to determine PS through administrative claims. We aimed to establish PS based on first-line (1L) treatment to describe characteristics of mPaC patients in a claims database. Methods: The IBM MarketScan database was used to identify adult, treated mPaC patients from 2014-2018. Those with other primary cancers or pregnant during the study, chemotherapy in the 6 month pre-diagnosis (baseline) period prior to first mPaC diagnosis or those without continuous enrollment in this time were excluded. PS was assumed by NCCN guideline-recommended first-line treatment for PS. Those with first-line FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel were good performers. Those with first-line gemcitabine monotherapy or gemcitabine + (capecitabine or erlotinib) were poor performers. Patients with any other first-line treatment were ungrouped. Patient characteristics were measured in the 6-month baseline period or at mPaC diagnosis. Treatment patterns were measured during the variable length follow-up which ended due to disenrollment or end of study (12/31/2018). Results: A total of 1,737 mPaC patients met all inclusion criteria, of which 59.6% were categorized as good performers and 11.6% as poor performers. Poor PS was mainly identified by gemcitabine monotherapy (99.5%) while good PS was split between gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel (54.9%) and FOLFIRINOX (45.1%). Patients were mostly male (56.0%) with a median follow-up of 202 days and no difference by PS. Poor performers (vs. good) were significantly older (mean age 67.5 vs 61.1 years, p Citation Format: Suvina Amin, Elisabetta Malangone-Monaco, Virginia Noxon, Seongiung Joo, Michael J. Pishvaian. Using treatment to determine ECOG performance status in metastatic pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-029.


The static and dynamic magnetic behavior of β -LiFeO2 has been investigated by measuring dc and acsusceptibilities. The zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) curves reveal an irreversibility behavior at about 156 K and a broad peak at 129 K, indicating a spin glasstransition. However, the dc susceptibility of β -LiFeO2 in FC mode differs from a flat curve as expected for a homogeneous spin glass by an increase below Tirr , which is the characteristic magnetic behavior of a cluster spin glass. The real part of the acsusceptibility shows a broad maximum at 135 K, which shifts to higher temperatures and becomes less pronounced with increasing frequency. The corresponding parameter δ = Δ T f / T f Δ log ω  = 0.005 is calculated for β -LiFeO2, suggesting a spin glass state rather than superparamagnetism. In addition, three models (the Neel–Arrhenius law, the Vogel–Fulcher law, and the power law) have also been employed to analyze the frequency dependence of Tf , which confirm a cluster spin glass state in β -LiFeO2.


The problem of minimizing the flow value attained by maximal flows plays an important and interesting role to investigate how inefficiently a network can be utilized. It is a typical multiextremal optimization problem, which can have local optima different from global optima. We formulate this problem as a global optimization problem with a special structure and propose a method to combine different techniques in local search and global optimization. Within the proposed algorithm, the advantageous structure of network flow is fully exploited so that the algorithm should be suitable for handling the problem of moderate sizes.


This paper explores 'evolution' as a means of complementing our understanding and interpretation of creative innovation networks in small firms. The abstracted evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention (VSR) are employed to add a more dynamic interpretative framework to the reading of social networks and group structures. The paper thus presents a lens through which to appreciate creativity as an evolving and shared process. The principal aim of this research is to illustrate otherwise tacit informal relations within a small business through the application of a qualitative approach to social network analysis (SNA) and, in doing so, to present intra-firm relations as central to creativity and innovation – particularly as the organizational structure moves beyond the dominance of the founding entrepreneur.


The resistive g-modes are examined including the effects of 'parallel' ion viscosity in the momentum equation for the system. It is found that the effect of this viscosity is always stabilising, and for sufficiently low ion-collisions frequencies the growth rate of the instability may become negligible.


Conclusions. Understanding the prohibition of animal abuse as a measure of environmental protection for the benefit of present and future generations is incorrect and does not take into account the basic principles that form the core of animal rights. Brazilian law will go a long way towards protecting animal rights when (and if) it expressly recognizes that animals (at least some of them) are creatures created for a decent existence"; when, for example, it permits the trial of habeas corpus filed in favour of a bull locked up in a farm or slaughterhouse. approach of "abilities", approach of "capabilities", Martha


Experimental and theoretical evidence is presented which shows that orientational ordering of highly polar head groups in monolayers of amphiphilic molecules (zwitterionic 2 amino-tetradecanoic acid) at fluid interfaces produces a smooth continuous phase transition. Hence this supports the view that models which interpret the sharp 'kink' point phase transitions exhibited by phospholipid monolayers at oil/water interfaces as being purely due to reorientation are deficient in important respects and suggests that the model which is most likely to be applicable to lipids of biological interest at oil/water interfaces is a blend of chain melting and collective molecular orientational ordering.


The adsorption of a CO2 molecule on the vacancy defect type of armchair (5,5) and zigzag (10,0) single-walled boron nitride nanotubes was studied based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). Vacancy defects were studied and the geometrical modifications implemented on the original hexagonal lattice yielded a considerable level of changes in the electronic properties. These changes are reflected in a greater level of CO2 reactivity in relation to the adsorption over a pristine structure. For all types of studied CO2 molecule interaction, we have found a chemical adsorption process based on binding energy. Furthermore, the CO2 adsorption takes place on the top of the vacancy region. A decomposition state was observed when the CO2 molecule interacted with the armchair nanotube with a vacancy on the nitrogen site. By comparing the values of the adsorption energies with those from other defect approaches present in the literature, we conclude that the proposed protocol presents a possible tool to develop stable and sensible carbon dioxide sensors.


Research has analyzed the effects of Communication and Information Technologies (TICs) on social influence processes in groups. In these studies, it is not clearly defined the role of those processes in the relationship between the communication modality and the results obtained by the groups. The aim of the present study is to clarify the role of social influence processes in this relationship, considering two communication modalities: videoconference and computermediated communication. A laboratory experiment was carried out with 44 groups randomly assigned to the two communication modalities. The results showed that social influence processes play a moderator role between communication modality and group effectiveness.


Social pressure to avoid "acting White" was explored for high school students in Toledo (Ohio) in schools of differing racial compositions. Thirty-eight high school students, most of whom were Black or Mexican American and 28 of whom were participants in a scholarship incentive program for high-achieving minority students called Toledo EXCEL, were interviewed. The others were academically successful comparisons from the general school population. Respondents did not report avoiding academic achievement to avoid accusations of acting White. In fact, their mean grade point average was 3.3, and many reported competing for grades. Reports from comparisons were generally in agreement with those of EXCEL students. Most students reported feeling no loss of ethnic identity and made few comments that reflected adoption of or fear of a raceless persona. They did resent accusations of acting White when they occurred, but did not seem intimidated by such accusations. Those who had the hardest time with accusations were in racially balanced schools, where they seemed to feel more racial polarization. One table describes participant characteristics. (Contains six references.) (SLD) **********4c *********: **:'c***** * ***** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **********************************************************************A "Acting White": Views of High School Students in a Scholarship Incentive Program David A. Bergin oo ce) Helen C. Cooks 1.1.1 University of Toledo U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Ot'tce or Ea.tcattonat Reseatch and Irnp,overnees: EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) It'sr.-This document has been reproduced as received horn the person or organization originating it O Minor changes have been made to -\ improve reproduction quality a Points of view or opinions slated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Epithelial cells retain incredible plasticity. They can differentiate and self‐renew during embryonic development. The epithelial cells can lose their typical epithelial features and change to a mesenchymal state by activating epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), whose process is critical for breast cancer metastasis. BRCA1 is tumor suppressor gene that represses malignant transformation by safeguarding the fidelity of DNA replication chromosomal segregation and has been demonstrated to play a possible role in mammary differentiation. C‐terminal binding protein (CTBP) is a dimeric nuclear protein and an epigenetic regulator that is activated in the presence of NADH to recruit and target a variety of histone modifying complexes and transcriptional regulators to chromatin, thus providing a defined mechanism through which carbohydrate metabolism can drive epigenetic regulatory events. We have recently shown that CTBP drives epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), genome instability, and the acquisition of stem cell tumor‐initiating cell‐like pathways in breast cancer.


Accurate and reliable photovoltaic (PV) cell parameter identification is critical to simulation analysis, maximum output power harvest, and optimal control of PV systems. However, inherent high-nonlinear and multi-modal characteristics usually result in thorny obstacles to hinder conventional optimization methods to obtain a fast and satisfactory performance. In this study, a novel bio-inspired grouped beetle antennae search (GBAS) algorithm is devised to effectively identify unknown parameters of three different PV models, i.e., single diode model (SDM), double diode model (DDM), and triple diode model (TDM). Compared against beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm, optimization efficiency of GBAS algorithm is markedly enhanced based on a cooperative searching group that consists of multiple individuals rather than a single beetle. Besides, a dynamic balance mechanism between local exploitation and global exploration is designed to increase the probability for a higher quality optimum. Comprehensive case studies demonstrate that GBAS algorithm can outperform other advanced meta-heuristic algorithms in both optimization precision and stability for estimating PV cell parameters, e.g., standard deviation (SD) of root mean square error (RMSE) obtained by GBAS algorithm is 64.34% smaller than the best value obtained by other algorithms in SDM, 61.86% smaller than that in DDM.


It has been shown that the circuit with the active components is analyzed by using the EMT based on the BLT equation. In order to consider the nonlinear behavior of the diode, the SPICE diode model is applied to the EMT method. The results from the topological modeling are in agreement with the simulation and measured results. In this research, the EMT is based on the circuit simulation, thus it is needed to combine with full-wave simulation for more accuracy.


Tourists and enterprises get interests from traveling but also bear various risks at the same. They have that a possible risk should be dispersed by buying insurance so as to get relief from the risk. Ensurance of body and property becomes a more-and-more concerned problem for them, tour insurance is becoming a new growing point of tourism and insurance industry. How to expand tourism insurance in the international environment is a fresh task for tourism developing.


Polymer-derived ceramic nanocomposites (PDC-NCs) can be
synthesized via thermal conversion of suitable single-source
precursors, leading in a first step to amorphous single-phase
ceramics, which subsequently undergo phase separation pro-
cesses to furnish bi- or multiphase ceramic nanocomposites.
PDC-NCs have been shown to be excellent candidate materials
suitable for applications at ultrahigh-temperatures and under
harsh environments. [1,2] In the present work, amorphous
SiHf(B)CN-based PDC-NCs were synthesized via cross-link-
ing and ceramization of a polysilazane which was chemically
modified by Hf(NEt2)4 and borane dimethylsulfide complex
(BH3.SMe2). High-temperature annealing of the obtained
amorphous SiHf(B)CN ceramics in nitrogen atmosphere led to
HfN/Si(B)CN nanocom-posites; whereas HfB2/Si(B)CN was
obtained upon annealing in argon atmosphere. The presented
results emphasize a convenient preparative approach to nanos-
tructured ultrahigh-temperature stable materials starting from
a greatly flexible/compliant single-source precursor.


In view of human interference existing in the determination of factor weight of conventional methods in evaluating the quality of cultivated land,and the local minima that BP neural network model brings about easily in self-optimization process,this research improves the performance of BP neural network based on global search ability with particle swarm optimization algorithm,and establishes a PSO-BP model to calculate nature quantity score of cultivated land.Using Shayang County,Hubei Province as a study case,this research reveals that PSO-BP model can avoid anthropogenic interference in conventional weight determination process,and it will have higher optimization efficiency and better application effect.


While catheter ablation (CA) is an established treatment for symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), convergent epicardial and endocardial ablation procedure (CVP) has been primarily used to treat persistent AF. The aim of this single‐center, prospective, randomized study was to compare treatment efficacy of CA and CVP in paroxysmal AF patients by monitoring AF, atrial tachycardia (AT), and atrial flutter (AFL) recurrence with Implantable Loop Recorder (ILR).


The optical and electronic performance of zinc oxide nanoparticles, which are widely used as optical and electronic materials, depends on the nanoparticle properties. The particle size is a particularly important factor affecting material properties. This study was conducted to elucidate the relation between the size of nanoparticles synthesized by solution plasma and each of several plasma formation parameters such as applied voltage, pulse width, and repetition frequency. The zinc electrodes were used to generate solution plasma. The zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in solution plasma using a sputtering process. The synthesized nanoparticle shape was non-spherical. The nanoparticles were smaller than 100 nm along the long axis. Electrode sputtering occurred mainly on the cathode electrode. Therefore, positive ions in the solution plasma, e.g. H2O + and H3O , affect the zinc oxide nanoparticle formation. However, the particle size was correlated with the applied voltage between electrodes, not with the pulse width or pulse repetition frequency.


Abstract Bi4Ti3O12 this films with (001) preferred orientation were prepared on Si (100) substrate by APMOCVD and RTA. The dielectric constant is 138 at room temperature, the Curie temperature is about 680°C. The room temperature resistivities were in the range 1010-1013Ω • cm. At low field the film exhibits Ohmic behavior and at high field the space-charge-limited-current conduction is the dominant charge transport mechanism


An autopsy case of histiocytic medullary reticulosis (HMR) in a 55‐year‐old man is presented. The initial complaint of the patient was an unusual skin lesion on the right upper arm, and subsequently developed generalized erythematous skin lesions which regressed during the course of the illness. The clinical symptoms and course of the disease were those of HMR. The affected organs were lymph nodes, spleen, liver and bone marrow as well as the skin, in which erythrophagocytic histiocytes predominated in abnormal cells of the histiocytic series. Phagocytic histiocytes had large amounts of cholesterol and small amounts of phospholipids which might be originated from the ingested erythrocytes. The electron microscopy suggested the presence of phospholipid‐cholesterol interaction in the phagocytic histiocytes.


This research focused on the phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution(cadmium) in the soil. The experiment was carried out to analyze the capability of soil restoring by three kinds of common plants(Salvia splendens,Setaria plicata and goosegrass) in different planting ways.The results showed that the soil restoring capability of Setaria plicata was the best among three plants,while the singlespecies planting way was also better than the other ones. On the other side,multi-species planting way should be adopted on the condition of excessive growth caused by single species plant. Moreover,the plants with higher soil restoring capability should be planted dispersedly in order to enhance the restoring capability.


Background: In Cameroon, the decrease in MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio) from PPH (Postpartum Haemorrhage) despite reported use of the Active Management of the Third Stage of Labour (AMTSL) is slower than required to achieve the Third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG3) hence the need to question obstetric caregivers' competence in AMTSL, as well as the factors hindering its proper useWe therefore aimed to assess obstetric caregivers' knowledge about AMTSL, as well as the determinants and barriers of AMTSL in selected hospitals in Fako Division, Cameroon.Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of 150 participants recruited in 27 health facilities in Buea, Limbe and Tiko health districts from January 15, 2020, to March 31, 2020. Participants' socio-demographic and qualification characteristics, knowledge and challenges, and the references guiding their practice of AMTSL were collected using a structured questionnaire. AMTSL knowledge was categorized as poor or good and the determinants of good AMTSL knowledge were evaluated. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 25.0. Results: Of the 150 caregivers interviewed, only 48.7% had good knowledge of AMTSL. In logistic models, participants' use of AMTSL increased Good knowledge of AMTSL (AOR: 12.96, CI: 1.12 -150.3, p=0.04). Unavailability of drugs and/or equipment, insufficient staff coverage and lack of knowledge and training of the staff were the major challenges reported. Conclusion: Obstetric caregivers in Fako division have knowledge gaps and face numerous challenges in AMTSL use, which could account for the consistently high MMR from PPH. Filling this knowledge gap and mitigating the challenges of these caregivers would certainly accelerate progress towards the achievement of SDG3.


A new type thermal convectional corrosion testing apparatus was set up to study liquid sodium corrosion of stainless steel. In order to investigate several factors simultaneously, thermal calculation and structure of the apparatus and welding methods of the test pieces in NaK circulating loops were examined. Long term corrosion testing of 18-8 stainless steel tubes by high temperature NaK was effected quite well by this method. (auth)


Ion beam technology is an effective technique in inducing breeding and transformation.Some valuable wheat variation materials were obtained using ion beams.The agronomic traits,quality traits,seed gliadin of these materials were studied.The results show that the plant height,main stem panicle length,grain weight,leaf traits,protein content,and wet gluten content of the variations have obvious changes compared with the control and reach a significant level.Seeds gliadin bands of the variation materials changed exactly compared with the control,bands changes of some variation materials have been stable,and that of other materials exist polymorphism,which show that the materials are not stable.The results show that ion beam biotechnology can generate all kinds of variations and new germplasm resources.The results provide a theoretical basis for application of ion beam biotechnology in wheat.


Time-varying volatility plays an important role in modern financial markets. The stochastic volatility models are appealing in intuitive and practical usage as an alternative to ARCH/GARCH type models which deal with only a deterministic volatility factor. Frequentist methods have been mainly used for model fitting of the stochastic volatility models. Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, however, provide more flexible ways in estimating the underlying volatilities as well as model parameters. In MCMC procedures, we utilize the sequential importance sampling method, which is a powerful and convenient tool to tackle the high-dimensional problems like stochastic volatility. Our methods are applied to different forms of financial models such as stochastic volatility models for stock price processes and interest rate term structure models. We also deal with the option pricing formula with stochastic volatility using the sequential importance sampling based MCMC method. In particular, certain Gaussian approximations are embedded into each iteration of MCMC, which significantly reduce the computational intensity. The detailed computational algorithms and results are provided.


The measures for strengthening medical journal resource construction and the methods for carrying out innovative services by making use of medical journals in hospital libraries were discussed in detail based on the practice and experiences in library work.


EAM groups. AUCs also were calculated for insulin and glucose during early (10-14 h and 17-21 h) and late PPs (14-17 h). RESULTS: HOMA-IR insulin resistance scores were 56% lower (t=3.22, p=0.0061) when exercise was performed during early PP after the first meal than before the first meal. The corresponding 60% reduction of HOMA-IR occurred with exercise after, compared to exercise prior, to the second meal (t=3.95, p=0.0015). While PP HOMA-IR did not differ between SED and EBM trials after either meal, it was 43% (t=2.11, p=0.054) and 52% lower (t=3.74, p=0.0022) after EAM compared to SED groups after the two respective meals. In contrast to the changes in PP HOMA-IR related to the timing of exercise and meals, a significant reduction in plasma glucose during exercise in late PP in the EBM compared to EAM group (t=2.99, p=.0054) was not associated with changes in late PP HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance is acutely reduced during the early postprandial period by concurrent exercise but not by exercise completed 1 h before the meal. Timing of exercise during late postprandial period lowers plasma glucose concentration without affecting insulin resistance. Supported by NIDDK grant R15 DK082800 and Blue Cross Blue Shield student award.


Background:Autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation
without immune suppression has been proposed as a safe and efficient therapeutic option to replace β-cell
mass destroyed by specific antibodies in chronic type 1 diabetes but we have
not scientific information about how long the metabolic stability is
maintained. Material and Method: From 2010 to 2014, were included 134 chronic type 1
diabetics patients (p.) in an autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation
protocol, stimulated with filgrastim, without immune suppression, c peptide
Results:C peptide, 6 months after transplantation more than 0.9 ng/ml in 61
patients (45%) (P = 0.001, CI = 95%). At 12 months 50 patients (37%) (P =
0.001, CI = 95%). At 24 months 53 patients (39%) (P = 0.001, CI = 95%). At 36
months 51 patients (38%) (P = 0.001, CI = 95%). A1C before transplant, Conclusion:Autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation, without immunosuppression,
improves pancreatic function and metabolic control without new immune reaction
after three years of follow up in chronic type 1 diabetic patients.


The initial focus of this paper is on the relationship between the human factor and the machine. To be more precise, it is a study on the cognitive problems involved when an operator carries out a remote control action on the environment. Subsequently, the article proceeds to examine how studies on behavioural neuroscience can bridge the existing gap between the humans and the machines. This gap is categorised as "disembodiment". In the course of our research, the reduction of the disembodiment was studied in two ways. Firstly, from the robot to the human, by evaluating how the implementation of human-like behaviour of the visual anticipation on the steering can improve the robot control. Secondly, the study focused on the human-robot sense, by testing if we can observe appropriation signs of the machine in the body schema of the operator. All the results are discussed in terms of pertinence of the neuroscientific approach for the conception of physical and functional architecture of a teleoperated robot of rehabilitation.