AbstractThe three chromatographic RNase fractions isolated from Phaseolus aureus Roxb. show general characteristics which lead to the conclusion that they are most probably all related to one common form of the enzyme. Their pH optima are very close to each other (5.0; 5.2; 5.6); their temperature optima moreover are all situated in the vicinity of 45° C. and no really important differences are found in their susceptibility against pH influences. The denaturation of the enzyme by various agents was studied. Freezing in and thawing of the enzyme solution results into activity losses which depend apparently on the dimensions of the ice crystals formed. Although less stable to heating than P.RNase, Phaseolus aureus RNase possesses a high thermostability. The heat stability was found to be greatly dependent on factors like pH, electrolyte concentration, the presence of substrate (RNA) or anionic polymers and the action of certain metal ions. The influence of these ions can be more or less reversed by the pres...


The Zeehan Commonwealth Marine Reserve covers an area of 19,897 square kilometres to the west and south-west of King Island in Commonwealth waters surrounding north-west Tasmania. It covers a broad depth range from the shallow continental shelf in about 50 m to the abyssal plain in over 3,000 m.


Education and training activities are of great importance for the future direction of a society. Teachers have great responsibility and role in this respect. The importance of teachers is great especially for the personal and social development of primary school students. Primary school teachers guide them with their ethical behaviours so they can affect them deeply, because the teachers are always role models for children. Affected by the ethical behaviours of their teachers, students will acquire guidance of these ethical behaviours throughout their lives and base ethics in all their relations. Professional ethics will be able to guide the teachers in terms of ethical behaviours, so professional ethics training should be given to primary school teacher candidates. This study aims to reveal the importance of professional ethics for primary school teacher candidates, so it is important to emphasize a neglected subject in faculties of education.


Abstract : This report develops the theory and equations for linear, first-order, constant coefficient, differential equations to implement digitally low-pass and high-pass filter/smoothers for use in post-test data reduction and analysis. The derivations are based on the theory developed by O. J. Zabel in 1923 for continuous constant-K/M-derived filters. A constant-K/M-derived filter is a lossy passive filter whose transfer function contains significant poles and zeroes in the 5-domain. This is in contrast to widely used forms of active filters such as Butterworth and Chebyschev whose transfer functions contain only significant poles in the 5-domain. A minimum set of linear differential equations requiring no derivatives or integrals of the input function is derived from the corresponding electrical circuit diagram.


Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is an effective treatment for the rehabilitation of stroke patients with hemiplegia. At present, it is challenging to accurately control the functional electrical stimulation during rehabilitation as various parameters of electrical stimulation are difficult to determine, and the stimulation response is easily affected by interferences. To improve the control accuracy for trajectory tracking during repetitive training and to compensate external interference, in this paper we take the knee joint as an example designed a functional electrical stimulation system based on adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and iterative learning control (ILC). Firstly, an adaptive fuzzy neural inference system was used to establish the joint muscle model, and a PID-type iterative learning controller was used to achieve the adjustment of functional electrical stimulation parameters. The maximum error of the ANFIS-based muscle model was 1.64Nm and the root means square error was 0.4327Nm. The maximum angle error of the actual knee motion compared with the expected angle was 22.76°, and the root means square error was 6.7413° after 10 iterations. Therefore, the system realizes the control of the pulse width of functional electrical stimulation in rehabilitation training, so that patients can carry out rehabilitation training according to the expected trajectory, which provides convenience for the rehabilitation training of stroke hemiplegia patients.


Introduction. The study of the features of the confessional and socio-cultural development of peoples and individual regions of the Russian state is one of the important research tasks. Results and Discussion. At the end of the XVII century the village of Novotroitskoye of the Alatyrsky district became the first Mordovian Christian settlement of the region, in which the new Christians, protected from oppression, began to live, who were an example for their tribesmen in the adoption of the Orthodox faith. From the middle of the XVIII century in many Novokreschen villages of the region, a chapel was initially built, in which a priest was determined to serve. Then money was allocated for the construction of the church. In the XIX century active construction of Orthodox churches continued on the territory of the Alatyrsky and Ardatovsky districts of the Simbirsk province: instead of outdated and dilapidated church buildings, new ones were built, and parish churches were opened in populous villages. Conclusion. The Christening of a Mordva and opening of churches became an important step in strengthening of Orthodoxy and autocracy in the region, have played a positive role in spiritual and moral education of the people, have left a noticeable mark in education development. To acceptance of christianity there was a sociocultural integration of a mordva into structure of the Russian Empire.

On the other hand, the commonality of the Orthodox religion was one of the factors in the development of assimilation processes among the Mordovian people.


The circular dichroism (c.d.) spectra of anhydrous copper(II) acetate, copper(II) isobutyrate, and copper(II) allylacetate in d-1,2-propanediol are interpreted as showing that all the d → d transitions are contained in a single band envelope with relative energies of the d orbitals being A possibility for the origin of a c.d. band at ∼300 mμ is suggested.


We present the first direct distance determination to a detached eclipsing binary in M33, which was found by the DIRECT Project. Located in the OB 66 association at coordinates (α, δ) = (01h33m46.ˢ17, + 30°44′39.″9) for J2000.0, it was one of the most suitable detached eclipsing binaries found by DIRECT for distance determination, given its apparent magnitude and orbital period. We obtained follow-up BV time-series photometry, JHKs photometry, and optical spectroscopy from which we determined the parameters of the system. It contains two O7 main-sequence stars, with masses of 33.4 ± 3.5 and 30.0 ± 3.3 M☉ and radii of 12.3 ± 0.4 and 8.8 ± 0.3 R☉, respectively. We derive temperatures of 37,000 ± 1500 and 35,600 ± 1500 K. Using BVRJHKs photometry for the flux calibration, we obtain a distance modulus of 24.92 ± 0.12 mag (964 ± 54 kpc), which is ~0.3 mag longer than the Key Project distance to M33. We discuss the implications of our result and the importance of establishing M33 as an independent rung on the cosmological distance ladder.


Cytokines are pleiotropic molecules showing a wide variety of biological functions on various cells and tissues. Several different cytokines exert similar and overlapping functions on certain cells. Interferons (IFNs) play a crucial role in human disease and consist of type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) and type II IFN (IFN-γ). The importance of type I IFNs in inflammation, immunoregulation and T cell responses has been recognised, and dendritic cells have recently been identified as the major source of type I IFNs. Type I IFNs are multifunctional immunomodulatory cytokines with profound effects on the cytokine cascade, including several anti-inflammatory properties. They favour both the induction of T helper (Th) 1 cytokines as well as the suppression of Th2 cytokines such as IL-13. Therefore, it is not unexpected that type I IFNs show promising clinical effects in Th2-dominated diseases such as ulcerative colitis and allergic asthma. These newly identified immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory functions of type I IFNs may be of importance in the treatment of various chronic inflammatory disorders.


The level of organic maturation, thermal history and petroleum source potential of Phanerozoic strata in northern Yukon and northwestern District of Mackenzie have been investigated by measurement of vitrinite (% Rorand) and graptolite (% Romax) reflectance, conodont alteration index (CAI) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. The strata in general have lower maturity levels in southern Mackenzie Delta, Peel Plateau and Eagle Plain than in the Richardson and Ogilvie Mountains. The level of maturation varies from graptolite reflectance values of 4.0% to 6 . 5% Romax and C A I values of 3.5 to 5 in Upper Cambrian to Lower Devonian strata whereas vitrinite reflectance ranging from 0.2% to 3 . 7 5 % Rorand occur in Middle Devonian to Upper Cretaceous strata. Time-averaged numerical modelling of measured maturation gradients (0.10 to 0.32 log Rorand/km) suggest paleogeothermal gradients on the order of 20 to 4 5 ° C / k m in southern Mackenzie Delta and Peel Plateau, from 10 to 20 ° C / k m in central Eagle Plain and from 20 to 4 5 ° C / k m adjacent the Richardson and Ogilvie Mountains. The higher maturity levels in mountainous areas reflect higher maturation gradients and, in the Richardson Mountains, deeper burial due to rapid subsidence caused by the foundering of grabens within the Richardson Fault A r r a y . Anomalously high maturation values (0.92% to 1.60% Rorand) measured in Lower Cretaceous strata on the Campbell Uplift are interpreted to reflect high paleoheat flow associated with basement uplift. Average T O C contents are generally low to moderate (0.1 to 2.0%) but


In the European Union, new anti-terror measures have had an impact on the lives of noncitizens, immigrants, and asylum-seekers. This Essay outlines the rights guaranteed to both citizens and noncitizens under the European Convention on Human Rights and the EU treaties and evaluates how these rights have limited harsh treatment of noncitizens in the aght against terrorism. Although suspicion and rejection of noncitizens are widespread, there remains hope for broadening the principles of equality and fundamental rights to third country nationals through an open conception of the notion of European citizenship.


Warm inflation has been noted previously as a possible way to implement inflationary models compatible with the dS swampland bounds. But often in these discussions, the heat bath dynamics are kept largely unspecified. We point out that the recently introduced minimal warm inflation [K. V. Berghaus, P. W. Graham, and D. E. Kaplan, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 03 (2020) 034], where an axionic coupling of the inflaton leads to an explicit model for the thermal bath, yields models of inflation that can easily fit cosmological observations while satisfying de Sitter swampland bounds, as well as the swampland distance bound and trans-Planckian censorship.


The databases on different web are accessible through HTML based search engines. The information or data mined from these web servers mostly in unstructured format. Whenever a web user submitted query, the web database shows various Search Result Records (SRRs).There is no any provision of the semantic labels of data units in search result pages for the user query. Early applications require human efforts to annotate data units manually, which limit their scalability and usability. To reduce the human efforts, the automatic annotator is proposed to remove set of SRRs from result page returned from the web databases in structured format. SRR have various data units each of which describes one aspect of a real world entity. Arrange data units into different groups with each group corresponding to a different concept and the data units within the same group having same meaning. Automatically assign appropriate semantic label to the data units within the group by using a variety of features simultaneously such as their data types, data contents, presentation styles, and adjacency information. A machine learning technique is implemented for data alignment and data annotation. A machine learning technique aligns and annotates the data retrieved from the different Web DataBases (WDB) in response to user queries. The machine learning technique improves the classification accuracy. Keywords— Data alignment, Data annotation, Web database, Search Result Record


The implications of implementing a Lightning Mapper Sensor (LMS) using Z-plane technology were compared with using CCDs. Comparisons were made in 1) signal-to-noise ratio, 2) field-of-view/pixel size, 3) modularity/flexibility, 4) data processing, 5) associated electrical power, and 6) development risk. The Z-plane was found to be superior in all six categories. It was shown that no CCD currently under development is capable of coming close to meeting the LMS requirements whereas the Z-plane approach meets them comfortably.


Introduction: Estimation of hepatitis B (HBV) viral load (VL) is critical in hepatitis-B cascade-of-care and currently there is no point of care (POC) molecular assay available for that. This study evaluated the performance of a new near point of care molecular assay Xpert HBV-VL assay against FDA approved Real-time PCR assays. Materials & methods: In this retrospective study 119 archived plasma samples from HBV infected patients, and 53 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) patients were simultaneously tested for HBV DNA quantification on 2 real-time PCR conventional assays and Xpert assay. The routine method for reporting to the patient was Abbott Real-Time PCR. Results: The range of HBV DNA load in samples was 1 to 8.76 log10IU/ml with a median load of 4.46 (IQR: 1-8.76) log10IU/ml as detected by routine assay (Abbott Real-Time HBV VL assay). Genotyping could be done in 95 (79.8%) samples and genotype D (83; 87.37%) was found commonest. The Xpert assay demonstrated a good correlation with Abbott (R2= 0.944) and Roche (R2= 0.963). On comparison, the mean difference (95% Confidence Interval) in average viral load was -0.018 log10 IU/ml and -0.043 log10 IU/ml when Xpert was compared with the Abbott and Roche assay, respectively. The overall sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of the Xpert assay was found 97.5%, 100%, 94.65 & 100% respectively. Conclusion: Xpert HBV-VL assay which has a potential for near point of care molecular testing has shown excellent performance and found to be a reliable method for HBV DNA quantification.


In 2005, National Security Agency in United States (NSA) recommends the
use of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) as the basis for all cryptographic algorithms.
ECC is very efficient because it needs smaller key than other cryptosystems
for the same security level. The security of ECC depends on how to solve Elliptic
Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP). And the best algorithm to solve the
ECDLP is Pollard Rho. Even so, the original Pollard Rho Algorithm is still not
efficient enough. Pollard Rho uses iteration function to produce a random walk.
But to make the algorithm more efficent, the iteration function should produce random
random walk. In this work, we will explain Pollard Rho Algorithm and its
modification on Elliptic Curve Cryptography.
Keywords: Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm
Problem, Pollard Rho Algorithm.
ii


Although it is recognized widely that human rights-based approaches have underpinned substantive arguments in favor of utilizing the full range of flexibilities contained in the TRIPS Agreement to ensure access to medicines, the extent that human rights have been used by health activist NGOs in developing countries is far greater than previously thought. This paper outlines how NGOs have used concrete human rights principles enshrined in national constitutional law as a practical tool in their access to medicines campaigns.


The objective of the present study was to evaluate the
impact caused by dental loss in the performance of
daily activities of patients assisted at the clinics of the
Dental College of the Federal University of Pernambuco
(UFPE, acronym in Portuguese). An analytical transversal
qualitative-quantitative study was accomplished, in
a sample constituted of 100 patients. The Oral Impact
on Daily Performance (OIDP) was adopted, composed
of two forms that served to evaluate the data concerning
the biopsychosocial dimension investigated (impact of
buccal health and dental loss in daily activities). It was
observed that 76% of the interviewed patients reported
that the act of chewing and savouring food was the daily
activity that suffered the biggest impact followed by
the activity of speaking and pronouncing words clearly
and without difficulty, with 46%. The activity that suffered
the least impact, according to the participants,
was the performance of physical activities (4%). There
was significant association between the income and the
(OIDP), in those patients with higher income observing
less impact in their buccal health (p = 0,049). Furthermore,
the number of teeth related to the DPOI index
showed that patients with a higher number of teeth reported
less impact in their health (p = 0,048). Regarding
the education level, a statistically significant value
was not observed (p = 0,097). It was concluded that
the Odontological Impact Index showed a tendency to
a significant relation between income and the number
of teeth. Furthermore, that the number of teeth influenced
in the self-perception of odontological impact in
the daily life.
Key words: Buccal health. Quality of life. Psychosocial
impact.


Circuit designed for measurement of dc current-versus-voltage characteristics of semiconductor devices. Operates in conjunction with x-y pen plotter or digital storage oscilloscope, which records data. Includes large feedback resistors to prevent high currents damaging device under test. Principal virtues: low cost, simplicity, and compactness. Also used to evaluate diodes and transistors.


Objective To analyze and study the depression in community patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods A total of 90 cases of patients with Parkinson's disease in our community from February, 2012 to July, 2013 were selected as the subjects, and were divided into two groups according to the chronological order. The patients in the control group were given conventional community management, while the patients in the experimental group were given strengthened social support system. The depression status and severity of two groups of patients were observed and compared. Results The social support scores of the patients in the experimental group were higher than those of the patients in the control group(P0.05); of the 45 cases in the experimental group, there were 3 cases with depression, and the depression scores were lower than those of the patients in the control group(P0.05). Conclusion The depressive state of community patients with Parkinson's disease is significantly related to social support.


Everyday education in post-Soviet Russian Orthodoxy relies on women's engagement. The didactic authority of women, which is recognised by clergy and laity learning religion, derives from a consensual acknowledgement of professionalism. This authority does not challenge the masculine monopoly over priesthood, but nonetheless is secularising the Church in a genuinely new way by bridging the fields of secular and religious education, and by drawing on secular arguments based on ideas of professionalism. Priestly authority, encapsulated in blessings and assignment of tasks, sanctions its establishment. Women teachers' secular social status creates diversity within this new model of religious authority.


Object: The aim of this study, is to present the process and results of OSCE in Psychiatric Association of Turkey Board Exam-PATBE. Methods: Six stationed OSCE, in which Standardized Patient-SP took role on five stations, were used as an exam method. These stations were planned for assessing the skills of taking history, psychiatric examination, differential diagnosis, making treatment plans and informing the patient. On the sixth station, the examinees are asked to write a forensic psychiatric report. Phases of OSCE were: preparing the blueprint, preparing the SPs' scenario for each station, preparing the examinee's instructions, preparing the observer's instructions and the evaluation guide, SP education, training of observers, pilot implementation, implementation and evaluation of results. The examinees are expected to achieve at least 30% success in each station and 50% success in all stations. Results: 116 examinees participated the exam between 2006-2016 and 91.4% succeeded in the OSCE exam. In feedback forms, examinees stated that the exam is moderately difficult; yet, the content of the exam is in line with the scope of their specialty training and is suitable for evaluating an expert. Discussion: Positive feedbacks from the examinees indicated the efficiency of the exam. The preparation, implementation and evaluation of results of OSCE require considerable time and manpower. OSCE can be used as a valuable test method for psychiatric board certification.


We supplement the well known upper and lower box-counting product
inequalities to give a new product formula for subsets of metric spaces. We develop a procedure for constructing sets so that the upper and lower box-counting dimensions of these sets and their product can take arbitrary values satisfying the above product formula. In particular we illustrate how badly behaved both the lower and upper box-counting dimensions can be on taking products.


Purpose Gandouling Tablets (GDL), a proprietary Chinese medicine, have shown a preventive effect against Wilson's disease (WD)-induced neuronal damage in previous studies. However, the potential mechanisms need additional investigation. Combining metabonomics and network pharmacology revealed the GDL pathway against WD-induced neuronal damage. Methods The WD rat model with a high copper load was developed, and nerve damage was assessed. Total metabonomics was used to identify distinct hippocampus metabolites and enriched metabolic pathways in MetaboAnalyst. The GDL's possible targets against WD neuron damage were then determined by network pharmacology. Cytoscape constructed compound metabonomics and pharmacology networks. Moreover, molecular docking and Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) validated key targets. Results GDL reduced WD-induced neuronal injury. Twenty-nine GDL-induced metabolites may protect against WD neuron injury. According to network pharmacology, we identified three essential gene clusters, of which genes in cluster 2 had the most significant impact on the metabolic pathway. A comprehensive investigation identified six crucial targets, including UGT1A1, CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP1A2, PIK3CB, and LPL, and their associated core metabolites and processes. Four targets reacted strongly with GDL active components. GDL therapy improved five targets' expression. Conclusion This collaborative effort revealed the mechanisms of GDL against WD neuron damage and a way to investigate the potential pharmacological mechanisms of other Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).


The article provides the results of clinical x-ray assessment of mechanisms of emergence of progressive reflux enteritis in patients with visceroptosis.


In the poem Peacocks Fly East and West,the love story of Liu Lan-zhi and Jiao Zhong-qing is a tragedy moving people deeply.Many people have sympathy for them,but criticize their parents who are partly responsible for the tragedy,the main reasons of which are feeudal system and feeudal courtesy,however,the lack of communication among the parents is an important factor as well.


Explicit solutions to constrained linear MPC problems can be computed by solving multi-parametric quadratic programs (mpQP), where the parameters are the components of the state vector. The solution to the mpQP is a piecewise affine (PWA) function, which can be evaluated at each sample to obtain the optimal control law. The online computation effort is restricted to a table-lookup, and the controller can be implemented on inexpensive hardware as fixed-point arithmetics can be used. This is useful for systems with limited power and CPU resources. An example of such systems is micro-satellites, which is the focus of this paper. In particular, the explicit MPC (eMPC) approach is applied to the SSETI/ESEO micro-satellite, initiated by the European Space Agency (ESA). The theoretical results are supported by simulations.


In recent years, high-operation temperature (HOT) detector applications in the mid-wave infrared spectral range (MWIR) have widely attracted attention [1, 2]. In the LWIR and VLWIR spectral ranges, an increase in operating temperature while keeping the detector performance obtained at lower temperatures proved to be significantly more difficult. The demands on detector material quality and detector processing are much higher. With LWIR HOT detector applications more and more evolving, AIM as a leader in LWIR MCT detectors has addressed the challenge. We like to note that AIM has a long standing track record on dark-current reduction, especially by extrinsic Au doping in the LWIR and VLWIR spectral range [3, 4, 5, 6]. During the last couple of years we matured our p-on-n LWIR technology, a key technology for high-performance small pixel pitch planar LWIR HOT MCT devices [9]. In this paper we present the status of our n-on-p and p-on-n low dark current planar MCT photodiode technology. The development was funded by ESA TRP contracts and resulted in follow-on contracts to even further optimize LWIR and VLWIR MCT and corresponding ROICs, especially for low-temperature, large area, astronomy applications. AIM's manufacturing of HOT MCT devices is based on the liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) growth on latticematched in-house grown CdZnTe (CZT) substrates from a Te-rich melt, using the vertical dipping method [7, 8]. This method allows growing large MCT wafers with currently fair homogeneity in layer thickness (±1μm) as well as in composition (±0.3μm cut-off wavelength) across an area of 1.5 inch diameter in the LWIR-VLWIR cut-off wavelength range. We have investigated and compared technological constraints and performance of n-on-p and p-on-n growth for different doping levels and other process parameters. In the following we present the results for both technologies on 512 x 320 pixel format arrays with 20μm pixel pitch.


The utility model relates to an automatic belt conveyor deviation correction mechanism for an airplane luggage van. The mechanism is characterized by comprising a driving rolling drum, a conveyor belt arranged on the driving rolling drum, and deviation correction units symmetrically arranged on two sides of the driving rolling drum. Each deviation correction unit comprises a driving roller, a bolt and a press spring sleeving the bolt. The driving rollers and the driving rolling drum are coaxial. Compared with the prior art, the mechanism has the following beneficial effects: 1) the whole mechanism is simple in structure, low in production cost, small in size, easy to maintain and operate, and reliable in working; and 2) when the driving rollers are under forces deviating from the axis, the press springs on the two sides are deformed with reaction force on the driving rollers, so that deviation of the driving rollers from the axis is corrected, the driving rollers return to the axis automatically, the conveyor belt is adjusted back to the center under the frictional force, and automation deviation correction is achieved.


ow much secrecy is enough? It depends on your point of view, of course. If you are a Government bureaucrat whose career could be unceremoniously snuffed out by a single bungled, inopportune disclosure, no amount of secrecy is enough. In most governments the balance between secrecy and openness shifts predictably in response to major security breaches, military plans, and other developments. The effects move outward, like the ripples from a rock splashing in a pond, through government agencies and into the research communities they sponsor. But what we have lately is more like a tidal wave than ripples. It's not really surprising, given the scope and magnitude of recent events. Scary times bring out the beast in bureaucrats. The evidence is all over the pages of this issue. First, there's our special report on intelligence and technology. For those whose job it is to divine other people's secrets—and keep their own—business is booming. "Mission Impossible?" [pp. 26–31] describes how the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation is at last getting a modern network based on Windows computers and servers, which will finally let agents all over the country share not only written files but also photos, video, and audio records. And the National Security Agency, along with other global collectors of signals intelligence, are redoubling their efforts to break through seemingly impenetrable barriers presented by the volume and technology of modern communications. As explained in "Listening In" [pp. 32–37], modern signals intelligence, or Sigint, has taken on a new look, relying less on the heroic mathematical codebreaking of legend and more on plain-old brute force: bugging computer and communications systems to get at data before it is encrypted; bribing officials; and even tapping into fiberoptic lines on the sea floor. The problem isn't collecting data but rather winnowing the staggering volumes of it, as noted in "Getting the Message" [pp. 38–42]. So the hottest areas in intelligence research involve coming up with software that can monitor telephone traffic and automatically detect the sorts of clues that point to one particular conversation, out of the hundreds of millions flying around the globe, as something an analyst needs to hear. Also in this issue, our monthly Speakout department gets to the very heart of the classic secrecy–technology–national security quandary, which can be summed up as follows: does secrecy actually begin to erode national security when it chokes off the exchange of information that enables a vital research community to thrive and innovate? Clearly, it is no small matter in an age when the death of thousands of innocent people in a terrorist attack can be the first sign that a technology has been stolen and put to horrific use. A year and a half after 9/11, restrictive, bureaucratic regimes are still ascendant. On pp. 13–14, Eugene B. Skolnikoff, an emeritus professor of political science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, notes that the space-science community in the United States is being particularly hard hit. A few years ago, the U.S. Congress put all satellites under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), administered by the Department of State. Under ITAR, even discussing information about controlled technology with a non-U.S. citizen is a crime punishable by imprisonment or steep fines. And, strangely, it doesn't matter if the information has already been published and is freely available on the Internet. Suppose a Taiwanese graduate student in the United States worked on a piece of technology and even published papers about it in technical journals. Then suppose that technology went into a satellite controlled under ITAR. The rest of the development team would then be prohibited from talking to that student about the technology, even though it had already been described in the open literature. Farfetched? Not a bit. Similar situations have already occurred, Skolnikoff notes. It's hard to see how, overall, the United States benefits in such a scenario, especially when you consider that many of its best graduate students in engineering and computer science are not U.S. citizens—and that, historically, many of them have gone on to seek citizenship and add immeasurably to U.S. security. In countless technologies, from nuclear bombs to encryption software, the genie is out of the bottle. It is flitting around the Internet and lurking on the shelves of science libraries all over the world. Uncertain times call for prudent restrictions. But pretending that violent extremists and the enemies of progress and freedom cannot read or use the Internet might very well harm the security we are striving to maintain. • IE E E S P E C T R U M • A pril 2003 Secret Enough for You? S P E C T R A L L I N E S


This research focuses on the reinforcing efficiency of nanomateterials and the role of the reinforcement's dispersion and orientation on the nanocomposite's flexural and tensile moduli. Polypropylene-based composites reinforced with (i) exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, xGnP TM , (ii) vapor grown carbon fibers, (iii) PANbased carbon fibers, (iv) highly structured carbon black and (v) montmorillonite clay were fabricated by extrusion and injection molding. It was found that graphite platelets are the best reinforcement in terms of flexural modulus whereas PAN-based carbon fibers cause the largest improvement in the tensile modulus. The difference in the reinforcing efficiency during the flexural and tensile testing is attributed to (i) the degree of fiber alignment along the flow direction during injection molding, which is higher in the thinner tensile specimens than in the flex specimens; and (ii) the different deformation modes of the two tests. The importance of good dispersion of the reinforcements within the polymer matrix and of perfect contact between the two phases is emphasized comparing the experimental modulus data to theoretical predictions made using the Halpin-Tsai and the Tandon-Weng models. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1796‐1803, 2007. a 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers


The mathematical model and waterflooding curve method are two important prediction methods in reservoir engineering.To overcome the limitation of each method effectively,in recent years,based on combined solution of the generalized mathematical model and waterflooding curves,new methods are provided.Three representative combined models and their characteristics are selected as well as applied ranges are analyzed,indicating that the combined method of Hubbert model and water drive curve of a type can be used to predict a whole life of oilfield best,the combined method of Rayleigh model and water drive curve of a type is adequate for the decline stage while the combined method of Weng model and water drive curve of a type predicts water cut lower.


The 3D ship digital design procedure and methods are investigated.The design process and method of obtaining and representing design based on CATIA are presented.The design procedures and general steps are discussed through a 3100TEU container ship.It is valuable for developing the 3D ship digital design system.


The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise training enhances sustained relaxation to persistent endothelium‐dependent vasodilator exposure via increased nitric oxide contribution in small coronary arteries of control and ischemic hearts.


In a busy obstetrical practice, use of a family history questionnaire or checklist is usually the most practical means of assessment.


OBJECTIVE
In order to analyze multiple statistic tables more efficiently Excel Visual Basic for Application (VBA) was introduced through the use of an example of calculating standardized mortality rates (SMRs).

METHODS
Mortality data of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, by sex and age, have been collected from 1991 to 2003 by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shanghai Huangpu District. Standard population composition was defined as Chinese census statistics in 2000. The male's SMRs were calculated, using Excel VBA for each year and classification of cancers.

RESULTS
The male's SMRs were obtained by year and different cancers. At the same time, the results were listed in the cancer's SMRs table for male.

CONCLUSIONS
Excel is more flexible than general database on the combination of data and annotation. Excel VBA is better than the basic Excel in operating multiple tables simultaneously and man-machine conversation. Statistic analysis can be efficiently completed by using Excel VBA.


In this study, zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) were prepared through chemical bath deposition using glass and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates, and their crystalline structure was investigated through X-ray diffraction. Results showed that the prepared ZnO NRs had wurtzite structure and grew along the [002] orientation, and ZnO NRs grown on the FTO substrate was more crystalline than those grown on the glass substrate. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy images showed that the glass sample had rod-like morphology and uniform distribution with 95 nm diameter and average length of approximately 980 nm, whereas the FTO-coated glass had 110 nm diameter and average length of approximately 1000 nm. The direct transition optica1 band gaps of the glass and FTO-coated glass samples were 3.28 and 3.97 eV, respectively.


* Abbreviations:
 BLL — : blood lead level
 CDC — : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
 EBLL — : elevated blood lead level

Lead is a neurotoxin at low levels, and its effect on a child's brain is not reversible.1 Given that there are no effective treatments to reverse the neurodevelopmental effects of elevated blood lead levels (EBLLs), prevention must be the primary strategy.2 EBLLs are twice as likely to be seen in newly arrived refugee children when compared with US-born children and may be particularly high in subpopulations of refugee children related to country of departure.3,4 Lead has a half-life of 35 days5; therefore, lead levels should fall at retesting of refugees 3 to 6 months after arrival in the United States. Pezzi et al's4 "Blood Lead Levels Among Resettled Refugee Children in Select US States, 2010–2014" confirms EBLLs as a result of overseas exposures yet found that 10% of children, resettled in Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, and New York, with normal initial lead screen results had increased blood lead levels (BLLs) 3 to 6 months postresettlement. These findings support studies done in New Hampshire and Massachusetts that revealed that 6% to 29% of refugee children …

Address correspondence to Andrea Green, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont Children's Hospital Pediatric Primary Care, 1 South Prospect St, Rehab 3, Burlington, VT 05401. E-mail: andrea.green{at}uvmhealth.org


The $^{159}\mathrm{Tb}(n,\ensuremath{\gamma})$ cross section was measured using a neutron time of flight facility. The average capture cross section was deduced from 2.6 to 700 keV and in combination with recently reported transmission results, was well fitted with energy independent strength functions. Resonance parameters for many of the observed peaks from 2.6 to 3.4 keV were determined by a nonlinear least squares fitting program. The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray multiplicity for average capture was measured, giving the relatively low value, 2.45 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.01 at 4 keV, implying a high proportion of two-step cascades. The fluctuations in the cross section about that computed from strength functions were analyzed. No significant nonrandom structure in the cross section was indicated.


As macromolecular surfactants, diblock copolymers order into a variety of morphologies in the presence of a parent homopolymer. Here, we probe the effects of chemical incompatibility and interfacial rigidity on the morphology of copolymer/homopolymer blends at constant blend composition. Five copolymers, each possessing a random-sequence midblock that is varied from 0 to 40 wt % of the copolymer molecular weight, have been synthesized for this purpose. While copolymer micelles are representative of dilute (homopolymer-rich) blends, complex bilayered morphologies, including vesicles and the anomalous isotropic `sponge` phase, are produced upon increasing the midblock fraction. Small-angle neutron scattering provides a quantitative assessment of characteristic microstructural dimensions, while transmission electron microtomography yields the first three-dimensional images of the randomly connected, bilayered membrane comprising the sponge phase. 31 refs., 3 figs.


This project evaluated granular corn gluten meal (CGM) application rates and cultivar performance for dayneutral strawberry production in Iowa. CGM is a byproduct of the wet milling of corn. It provides 10% nitrogen by weight and can serve as a natural nitrogen product. Seascape is a newer day-neutral cultivar, and its adaptation to Iowa needs to be evaluated and compared with the standard Tristar and Tribute day-neutral strawberries.


With the advent of the Am2901 four-bit microprocessor slice and the Am2909 bipolar microprogram sequencer, the design engineer can upgrade the performance of existing systems or implement new systems taking advantage of the latest state-of-the-art technology in Low-Power Schottky integrated circuits. These devices, however, utilize a new concept in machine design not familiar to many design engineers. This technique is called microprogramming.


In the present study, the thermal conductivity of substitute lumber molded from rags with PP fibers as a binder material was measured. The substitute lumber was constituted of various fibers. The effects of fiber combinations and orientations on the thermal conductivity of substitute lumber were investigated. From the experimental results, the relationship between thermal conductivity and each factor was cleared. The thermal conductivity of substitute lumber molded here is largely dependent on PP content, and melted PP acts on the increase in thermal conductivity for vertical fibre orientation and acts on the decrease in thermal conductivity for parallel fibre orientation against the heat current.


The current taxation policy for banking service was made in the taxation reform of 1994, which bears obvious signs of planned economy and is not adapted to the situation after China's entry to WTO. This paper expounds the status quo of the tax burden and its effect on banking service, and presents some suggestions for improving the taxation policy on banking service.


Cancer has long been considered primarily a genetic disease, caused by different mutations throughout the genome. In 1983., Feinberg and Vogelstein discovered that the level of DNA methylation significantly varies between primary human malignant tumors and their normal counterparts (Feinberg & Vogelstein, 1983). Before this publication, there had been a paper describing changes in DNA methylation in cancer cell cultures, including the influence of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on the level of DNA methylation in Raji cells (Boehm & Drahovsky, 1981). Currently, we are presented with much experimental data showing multilevel changes in cancer cells. In this context, two major areas of epigenomic research DNA methylation and histone modifications appear most promising in understanding the multistep nature of carcinogenesis. Additionally, they seem to have the potential for being cancer biomarkers, useful in early detection, in predicting the biological behavior of tumors and for therapy monitoring, as recently reviewed (Rodriguez-Paredes & Esteller, 2011; Baylin & Jones, 2011). Finally, epigenetic changes are well-recognized targets for cancer therapy, alone, or in combination with various cytostatics (Ren et al, 2011). Epigenetic changes are also of the greatest importance in chemoprevention, as there is increasing data relating to possibly reversing epigenetic changes in the earliest phase of carcinogenesis, when genetic changes have yet to develop (reviewed, Huang et al., 2011). It is not easy to understand the particular rules applicable to epigenomic processes. If one specific epigenetic change, relating to a specific gene/its promoter, exists in a majority of tumors of a specific type, it does not necessarily mean that the same change exists in another type of tumor. This is consequential, and represents one reason for obvious differences in responses to epigenomic therapy. Recently, we wrote a review article on some aspects of epigenomic changes in which we used the term "epigenetic networking". If we imagine each of our living cells as an orchestra performing the symphony of life, then each player (a gene) of the orchestra needs to play in concert with 30,000 other players. The communication that produces the network of our epi-genome is established at many levels: transcriptionally, post-transcriptionally, through protein translation, at the level of post-translational protein modifications, through their orchestrated interactions and, finally, their interaction with the DNA that can be modified in order to accept or reject the protein partner. This is the way of


The close proximity on Mount Wilson of the 60-inch and 100-inch reflecting telescopes renders possible a comparative test of two similar instruments of large aperture. In order to make the results strictly comparable, the observations are preferably made simultaneously, and when these are photographic, the plates employed are taken from the same box and developed together for the same time. Other precautions necessary to eliminate sources of uncertainty are also observed. The first simultaneous comparative tests of the series (which will be continued as opportunity offers thru several months) were made on August 13, 1919. The spectrum of the star e Andromedae was photographed on Seed 30 plates with the two telescopes, using spectrographs having nearly identical optical constants, mounted at the Cassegrain focus.1 For the 60-inch the equivalent focal length at this point is 80 feet, while for the 100-inch it is 134 feet. Both spectrographs have collimators of 2}4 inches aperture and 40 inches focal length, and cameras of 4 inches aperture and 18 inches focal length. In each case a single 63 o prism of 0.102 Jena glass is used, giving a dispersion of 36 angstroms to the millimeter with the camera employed. The slit-widths of the two spectrographs were varied until the photographic resolution determined by comparing close pairs of lines in the spectra of the same star, was found to be the same. The exposures on e Andromedae were made by Dr. Stromberg with the 60-inch and by Dr. Merrill with the 100-inch, under good conditions of seeing. Thirty-three spectrograms were secured for comparison. From twenty of these Dr. Stromberg finds the following mean ratios of exposure-times required to give the same intensities and photographic resolution with the two instruments:


The article is devoted to the study of the relevance of tolerance formation of law students. The analysis of the scientific and pedagogical literature on the problem is conducted. The article examines the  meaning of the concept of "tolerance". The factors influencing the formation of a tolerant personality are identified. The author emphasizes the need for and efficacy of fostering tolerance in the process of studying at higher educational institutions. The student age is considered to be the most favourable period for the development of the student's personality and his worldview. The paper characterizes the role of lawyers in the society. The place of tolerance in the system of humanistic values of a lawyer is discussed. The importance of this quality for his professional activity is justified. The examples of intolerant behaviour of legal professionals are shown. The tasks and skills of a lawyer necessary for the effective legal practice are determined. Key words: tolerance, tolerant personality, student age, higher education, lawyer, education.


The cardinal temperatures at which onion umbels were blighted (after inoculation when two-thirds of the florets were open) with Botrytis squamosa, B. cinerea, and B. allii (isolated from blighted onion florets) were near 9, 21, and 27 C for B. squamosa, near 12, 21, and 30 C for B. cinerea, and near 9, 24, and 30 C for B. allii. The cardinal temperatures for mycelial growth (potato-dextrose agar) of B. squamosa, B. cinerea, and B. allii were near 5, 22, and 30 C for each fungus. The cardinal temperatures for conidial germination (on purified water agar) were near 6, 15, and 30 C for B. squamosa; 3, 18, and 33 C for B. cinerea; and 6, 24, and 33 C for B. allii. When the duration of free moisture on umbels after inoculation with the three pathogens was increased from 0 to 96 hr. the percentages of unopened florets, open florets, and immature seed capsules blighted at 21 C were increased significantly. Free moisture durations of 12-24, 6-12, and 6-12 hr were necessary for blighting of unopen florets, open florets, and immature seed capsules, respectively, by each pathogen at 21 C. A positive correlation between the amount of July rainfallmore » and the natural incidence of onion flower blight was observed in Orange County, New York, from 1976 to 1981. 10 references, 2 figures, 1 table.« less


O ne question we debated when setting out as guest editors was whether to entitle this issue Everyware—a name for the new class of software needed to power the world of ubiquitous computing. The title we eventually used—the title of this introduction—reflects the more explicit and pragmatic topic on which we settled. We hope before too long to have everyware literally all around us. But we're not there yet; what we have is more like "some here and a little there," with scant interoperation. From its inception, plenty of vision has existed in ubiquitous computing. For this issue, we decided to concentrate on how to realize the software infrastructure for that vision—on building and evaluating system software. Ubiquitous computing raises major challenges for system software researchers, mainly because of the heterogeneity and volatility that characterizes it. The set of participating users, hardware, and software in ubiquitous computing environments is highly dynamic and unpredictable. How far have we come in meeting the challenges? In "One.world: Experiences with a Pervasive Computing Architecture," Robert Grimm describes work originating from his doctoral studies at the University of Washington to construct—and learn from the construction of— system support for pervasive applications. The work focuses on system abstractions for volatile ubiquitous systems. Grimm gives us an overview of one.world and, more importantly, reports on his experiences in building and writing applications for it. He explains what worked and what didn't and offers insights into the implementation's performance and software complexity. Vinny Cahill Trinity College Dublin


There was a need to classify Flaubert's notebooks and this recent edition of the « Carnets de travail » proposes such a classification : notebooks for projects, notebooks for ideas, notebooks for scientific investigation and erudition. The material itself and its function are closely connected and thus critical taxonomy and generic classification must be considered together.


BACKGROUND
To describe the outcomes of an adult-pediatric home parenteral nutrition (HPN) program.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Retrospective protocol between 1993 and 1999.

RESULTS
Sixteen adults (average 45.7 years) and eight children (3.1 years) were included in the program. Mean length of parenteral nutrition was 507 (SD: 624) and 155 (SD: 129) days respectively. Total follow-up time was 8,119 days for adults and 1,242 for children. Cancer was the main diagnosis in adults and intractable diarrhea in children. Central venous catheter related infections were the most usual complication (0.63 and 1.2 episodes/patient/year). There were no deceases due to the HPN in the period of study.

CONCLUSIONS
HPN is an effective and safe technique, although prevalence and incidence in Spain are low.


Reactions of tryptophan, N-methyltryptophan and 3-indolelactic acid with aqueous chlorine or chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in 0.1M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0, were investigated to determine any structural relationships with regards to kinetics and mutagenicity. The reaction with ClO2 followed pseudo-first order kinetics, with the half-life of the respective compounds being 36, 22, and 8 milliseconds. The formation of a dark precipitate in the reaction of tryptophan with HOCl precluded any kinetic comparison. The reaction products of tryptophan with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or ClO2 were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100; while those of N-methyltryptophan with HOCl and ClO2 were more mutagenic toward TA98. Higher recoveries of the reaction products were achieved by passing the acidified (pH 2.5) mixture through an XAD-8/XAD-2 resin column.


Based on the approach to the rational control of engineering systems in conditions of uncertainty, created by Professor A. Kulik, models and methods of adaptive computer support of getting knowledge and skills in algorithmic academic tasks solving were developed. There were proposed three modes of such systems functioning: demonstration, solving with hints and test, which organized in two stages of training calculations according to certain algorithm and algorithm development according to certain task statement. The models of algorithmic academic task, the method of calculation and generation of the tasks statements variants, the student model, the method of automatic generation of diagnostic models of missing operands, the data model, the model of tutoring and methods of trainee program diagnosis are described in the paper. Proposed models and methods allow to structure and formalize training process, as well as to improve such algorithms characteristics as occupied memory and calculation time in order to provide adaptive computer support of tutoring.


China has launched an experimental space lab that will pave the way for the country's ambitious plans to construct a 60 tonne space station by the early 2020s.


The response to anti-cancer drugs is determined by the genetic make-up of cancer cells and the cross-talk between tumor cells and its surrounding stromal components. In the present study we have developed experimental strategies to assess drug efficacies in complex organotypic cancer models. We have established advanced cell-and-tissue-engineering technologies for the cultivation of miniaturized tumor-tissue slices for a prolonged period of time in culture. After surgery and tissue dissection, the slices retained the complex tissue architecture of tumors for at least seven days. The tumor cells still proliferated in vitro and apoptosis was only weakly detected in peripheral areas of the tumor. To determine the applicability of precision-cut slices for drug discovery, we treated breast cancer specimen with the HER2/HER1 inhibitor Lapatinib for 72 hours and analyzed the extent of apoptosis in the tissues. We detected massive apoptosis in tumors that expressed significant levels of HER2 protein whereas HER2-negative tumors only weakly responded to the treatment. In a further approach we developed customized 3-dimensional (3D) co-culture models consisting of lung cancer cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts that were embedded in Matrigel®/collagen extracellular matrices. The fibroblasts strongly increased the invasive capabilities of the cancer cells, but treatment with the ALK/MET inhibitor Crizotinib almost completely abrogated cancer cell invasion. Taken altogether, we could demonstrate that both the cancer tissue slices and the customized coculture models might represent suitable experimental tools for the determination of drug efficacy in vitro. They could be used to test the efficacy of a larger number of combinatorial therapies to select the most appropriate drugs for individual patients. As a result organotypic tissue models might open up new vistas in the field of personalized medicine and in clinical oncology.


Summary Objective: To explore the relevance of catalysts and inhibitors to the achievement of an inclusive identity for health informatics; particularly from an operational perspective in the UK. Methods: Consideration of the different dimensions of health informatics, as practised in a working healthcare delivery environment; specifically commenting on the synergy and disjunctions with academic and scientific practitioners in the same domain. Results and Conclusions: There appear to be common ground and internationally applicable issues across the domain. Recognising the differences and similarities will contribute towards harmonisation of the field and its ultimate elevation to a mature discipline and profession.


We investigate the performance of a modern hollow-core optical fibre coupled to a GaAs-based quantum cascade laser (QCL) emitting at a wavelength of 10.7 μm. The QCL is operated in pulsed operation with current pulses of 100 ns width at a repetition rate of 10 kHz at a heat sink temperature of 258 K. The emitted light is collected by a f/1.6 ellipsoidal mirror and focused onto the hollow-core optical fibre. The investigated fibre is 2 m long and is designed for a transmission wavelength of 10.6 μm. After the transmission through fibre, the light is collected by a ZnSe-aspheric lens. We investigate the transmission efficiency of the hollow-core optical fibre and its influence on the intensity noise properties by measuring the transmitted optical peak power in relation to the emitted optical peak power. We find a total transmission loss of 6.25 dB. We then analyze the influence of this hollow-core optical fibre on the intensity noise properties of the QCL in terms of the relative intensity noise (RIN). We find that for the same detected optical peak powers the RIN of the optical power transmitted through the fibre is about 4 dB/Hz lower than the RIN of the emitted optical power. We attribute this reduction of the RIN level to a random selection process of photons due to the losses of the fibre which alters the intensity noise towards the standard quantum limit.


Pyrolysis products of propylenimine have been investigated by gas electron diffraction aided by mass spectrometry. Propylenimine vapor was heated in a quartz tube and effused into the diffraction c...


Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of headache and is experienced at some time by majority of people in some form. It is accounting for about 70% of referrals to a headache clinic. The prevalence of tension-type headache is approximately 40%. Tension-type headaches are among the most neglected and difficult types of headaches to treat. But Homoeopathy has the perfect solution for it. The Holistic approach of Homoeopathy can successfully cure TTH and prevent its recurrent attacks


Based on analysis of the 300 MW wet cooling unit,it is proposed that a row of coolers be added behind the condensate pump to lead the exhaust steam of the water-feeding pump steam turbine into them.Thus the main turbine′s condensate and the exhaust steam mix in the coolers and realize heat transfer.The results are that the steam load of the condenser is reduced and its vacuum degree is increased,steam that should be extracted from the No.1 low-pressure heater and steam that should be input into the water-feeding pump steam turbine are both reduced,and economy of the unit is improved.


This paper analyzes the life style of upper limb disabilities and the aiding tools to their daily life in the existing market.It puts forward the effective design method of these tools based on the relationship of the disabilities and the tools form and lastly it takes the design process of gas-cooker for the target group as an example to illustrate this design method.


Submitted for the GEC13 Meeting of The American Physical Society Axial structure of the dc hollow cathode discharge at different modes VALERIY LISOVSKIY1, ILLIA BOGODIELNYI, Kharkov National University, Svobody Sq.4, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine — This paper reports the axial profiles of the electron temperature, plasma concentration and plasma potential in a dc hollow cathode discharge in nitrogen registered with probe technique. At low pressure (0.05 Torr) the discharge is shown to burn in a high-voltage (electron-beam) mode. Electron temperature does not exceed 1 eV in the total plasma region excluding an abrupt growth in the vicinity of the cathode sheath boundary. A potential barrier is found near the cathode sheath boundary, for the current value of 1 mA the height of this barrier amounts to about 8 V. At gas pressure p ≥ 0.15 Torr two modes are well expressed: glow and hollow ones. At low discharge current a glow regime is observed in which the negative glow from the anode side possesses a wedge-like profile directed into the cathode cavity. At larger discharge current the discharge is burning in the hollow mode in which the cavity is filled with a high concentration plasma approaching 2·1010 cm−3 and an electron temperature exceeding 2 eV. A potential well about 3 V deep is observed near the edge of the cathode cavity. On increasing the gas pressure the depth of the potential well in the cathode cavity decreases and it disappears at 0.5 Torr. 1and Scientific Center of Physical Technologies, Svobody Sq.6, Kharkov, 61022, Ukraine Valeriy Lisovskiy Kharkov National University, Svobody Sq.4, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine Date submitted: 08 Jun 2013 Electronic form version 1.4


A method for the direct measurement of electron diffraction patterns in a Philips EM400T transmission electron microscope is described. Use is made of the diffraction lens shift-tilt coils to bring any desired diffraction spot to the centre of the screen. By monitoring the voltage applied to the coils, the position of any diffraction spot can be determined. After calibration d values and angles between the diffraction spots can be calculated without the need of a photographic recording. Advantages of the method are high speed, combined with accuracy. The conversion of the microscope and the calibration procedure are described and illustrated with some experimental results.


Objective:
To test whether crowding is much more severe under simulated monovision conditions.

Methods:
This was an experimental study. Twenty subjects participated in this experimental study from March to November 2015 in Wenzhou Medical University. Both eyes viewed clear images under normal conditions. While under the simulated monovision condition, one eye viewed a clear image (OD), and the other eye viewed a blurred image (0.75, 1.50, 2.50, 3.50 D). The eccentricities of the target in this study were 2.5°, 5.0°, and 7.5°. The threshold of the crowding effect was measured by a staircase method. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and a t-test with Bonferroni correction were used to test whether crowding was much more severe under the simulated monovision condition.

Results:
Crowding depended significantly on intraocular blur (F=13.37, P<0.001) and eccentricity (Ecc) (F=296.90, P<0.001). Significant interactions between intraocular blur and Ecc were found (F=4.03, P<0.001). When the eccentricity was 7.5° or 5.0°, intraocular blur significantly affected the critical gap size of crowding (F=8.59, P<0.001; F=3.74, P=0.01). However, intraocular blur did not affect the critical gap size of crowding when the eccentricity was 2.5° (F=1.13, P=0.34).

Conclusions:
Crowding is much more severe under simulated monovision conditions than normal conditions, and the difference is dependent on intraocular blur and eccentricity.

Key words:
monovision; peripheral vision; crowding; binocular rivalry


We propose a new boson expansion method using a norm operator. The small parameter expansion, in which the boson approximation becomes the zeroth-order approximation, requires the double commutation relations between phonon operators that are not closed between the phonon excitation modes adopted as boson excitations. This results in an infinite expansion regardless of whether the type of the boson expansion is Hermitian or non-Hermitian. The small parameter expansion does not hold when the commutation relations are closed. The norm operator is expressed as a function of the number operator in the physical subspace, which enables us to obtain substantially a finite boson expansion regardless of the Hermitian or non-Hermitian type. We also point out the problems of the conventional boson expansion methods. The normal-ordered linked-cluster expansion theory has failed to refute Marshalek's claim that KT-1 and KT-2 are of chimerical boson expansion. The Dyson boson expansion theory does not have exceptional superiority over other types. Previous studies using the boson expansion methods should be re-examined.


Methods and apparatus provide for producing a remote current for driving a load, comprising: producing a local current, Iref; amplifying the local current Iref by a value of K to produce a local current K Iref; mirroring the local current K Iref to another location; producing a remote current K Iref in response to the mirroring of the local current K Iref; and dividing the remote current K Iref by a matched value of K to produce a remote current Iref for driving the load.


The range of papers is rich in terms of references and thus this work proves to be an extremely valuable research compendium. Reading it gives the feeling that we are on the cusp of a research paradigm shift, potentially opening new kinds of research methodologies. There is a particular set of texts that could be valuable for this research community that I believe have not been mentioned. Lewin (1936) in Principles of Topological Psychology, suggests that one can potentially join multiple differing topologies together—topological psychological spaces, simulation spaces, and physical/actual motion spaces. Lewin discusses how a series of psychological vectors might form a topology (p. 54). Certainly we can apply this concept to an n-dimensional approach to the subject of communication/presence. Another seminal book that might be considered is Agre's (1997) Computation and Human Experience. From Communication to Presence at times situates the complexity of its subject in a similar manner to that of Agre—"Critical reflection on computer work is reflection upon both its material and semiotic dimensions, both synchronically and historically" (p. 15). One might add some additional categories of presence to those discussed by Riva—proto presence (self vs. nonself); core presence (self vs. present external world); and extended presence (self relative to present external world). Two additional categories and their relevance to this chapter are bio-presence and a physics of presence, although my suggestions might potentially fall under extended presence. Where the author presents a form of dichotomy between self and nonself, I would like to point to a nondualistic stance—or a subject/object unity as derived through a greater specificity about how space is parsed. The notion of bio-presence suggests that we are bio-environments nested within larger environments. We are "far from equilibrium" systems that have a strong relation to different ongoing exchanges with the environment, for example, breathing, attending to energy sources, generating waste, and so forth. This posits that the body is in dynamic relation to the environment. More importantly, we might say that our understanding of environment co-arises with our enculturation, language as a framing mechanism, and a buildup of similar but different pattern flows (see Seaman, 2005) or pattern games (see Wittgenstein's 1958 notion of The Meaning is the use; p. 20). Our ability to differentiate actually depends on embodied perception and thought, thus we cannot so easily parse this notion of inside and outside—the outside is always dependent on embodied perceptual/conceptual processes—or again a subject/object unity. Although one can make functional distinctions, it is perhaps important to point out the complexity of the situation. Another designation is a physics of presence, where all information must have a physics to bring about its propagation. Through Heisenberg we come to know that we


Abstract A Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for dispatching Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) in a job shop that operates under a Capacitated Constant Work In Process (C-CONWIP) control policy is presented. The FLC utilizes the available information about the state of the job shop and suggests a real time dispatching decision. The design of the FLC is modular and the controller uses 11 rules. For an automated job shop the proposed dispatching procedure is compared with the Modified First Come First Serve (MFCFS) dispatching rule under various conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed FLC statistically outperforms the MFCFS dispatching rule.


WHEN Bogdonoff et al.1 reviewed the subject of hyperparathyroidism in 1956 they stated in a footnote that there were over 600 case reports in the literature up to that time. Since then well over 100 additional cases have been published. In a review of this literature we were unable to find a case of hyperparathyroidism in which the presenting manifestation was spontaneous separation (avulsion) of a major tendon from its insertion. Case Report On November 17, 1959, L.O., a 33-year-old logger, attempted to push his automobile from a snowbank. A few moments later, while he was stepping from the car, . . .


Quantum-dot cellular automata is the new hope in reducing size and power consumption of switching devices used for high density circuits of present era. This paper presents reduction of cells used for NOT gate of this technology existing presently. The circuit has been implemented using QCA designer and is validated and verified with various possible input and output conditions.


Confucius was born over 2,500 years ago and Confucius died at the age of 72 in 479 BCE (Rainey 2010: 21). Though he is called Confucius throughout most of the world, that name is actually the Latinized form of his Chinese name, Kong Fuzi, or Master Kung (Dorothy & Hoobler 2009: 10).Confucianism became the ascendant philosophical system of China for more than 2,000 years. It is a system of thought based on the teachings of Confucius, who lived from 551 to 479 BCE (Dorothy & Hoobler 2009: 10). It has been imbued in every aspect of Chinese life which steeps through its history, state affairs and social life. Most importantly, its ethics aided immensely to shape society and remarkably impacted on daily lives. Consequently, still on any given day one can see hundreds and hundreds of people, most in family groups or tour groups visit Confucius' birthplace in the Chinese city of Qufu which is considered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Confucianism elements also can be seen in Vietnamese, Korean, and Japanese cultures due to the expansion of Chinese civilization. Thus, the majority of the three million tourists who visit Confucius' birthplace within a year are from China, Korea or Japan. Even though in the past decades East Asia has had a blistering phase of modernization, one can still see that Chinese, Korean, or Japanese remnants contending with the ancient morals of Confucius. "Confucius, then, ranks with Abraham, Jesus, Muhammad, and Siddhartha Gautama (better known as the Buddha), and Aristotle and Plato, as one of the founders of modern civilization" (Schuman 2015: 14).


The application of semisolid forming (SSF) is inhibited significantly by the inhomogeneous distributions of microstructure and mechanical properties in the products manufactured by SSF. Beside of forming parameters including forming temperature, isothermal holding time, and forming speed, post heat treatments of SSF is one of the most important facts affecting the microstructure and mechanical properties of the SSF-manufactured products. In this study, heat treatments including annealing, quenching, and tempering different experimental conditions were conducted on the SKD11 tool steel samples manufactured by multi-stage thixoforming with different forming parameters. The microstructures in different regions of specimen processed by different experimental conditions were investigated by using a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Base on the results of microstructural analyses, the microstructural evolution of SKD11 tool steel during multi-stage thixoforming and subsequent heat treatments with varies experimental parameters were discussed and summarized. Meanwhile, the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of SKD11 tool steel processed by multi-stage thixoforming and subsequent heat treatment was also discussed.


—In the view of social governance in China's border areas, the farmers' sense of gain is an important issue that must be concerned. This research reveals the important factors that affect the rural residents' sense of gain in China's border areas through the factor analysis and regression analysis of farmers' sense of gain, and finds that relative to urban residents, the level of farmers' sense of gain in southwest border areas is not high, and age is an important factor that affects farmers' sense of gain in southwest border areas. Also, the income level will affect the satisfaction of rural residents to the participation of rural social organization in social governance.


The occurrence of caging distinguishes a super-packed fluid from one in thermodynamic equilibrium and is pivotal for the process of vitrification; the formation of the amorphous solid that occurs on super-packing. Determination of the spatial extent of caging and the fraction, Fcage, of caged particles, from several light scattering experiments on suspension of hard spheres, form the basis of a proposed framework that expresses dynamical heterogeneity in terms of a dynamical solid identified by collective dynamics of caged particles. The dynamical solid is observed in a spatial window of width, q, centred about the position, qm, of the structure factor maximum, that is separated from the dynamical fluid of purely Brownian currents in the complementary window. Equality of Fcage and the reciprocal space, q/qm, where caging dynamics manifests is a pivotal result of this study. It places a lower limit, qm-q, on the spatial frequency of correlated cage fluctuations and sets their time scale: In effect Fcage, determines the mechanism(s) by which the time correlation functions in the super-packed hard sphere suspension decay. Central to this decay are non-stationary, intermittent correlated cage fluctuations of the -regime in which we identify three dynamical scenarios: (i) nonpropagating cage fluctuations, for Fcage<1/2, (ii) propagating and non-propagating cage fluctuations respectively to and from a plateau, for 1⁄2<Fcage<1, (iii) propagating cage fluctuations to a plateau, for Fcage=1. Once the fraction of caged particles exceeds 1⁄2, in regime (ii) the dynamics are redolent of the phononic and non-phononic modes exposed in density of states analyses and the critical decay and the von Schweidler law of the mode-coupling theory. These mechanisms characterise the reversible processes in the super-packed suspension. From their perspective, we gain insight into irreversible, aging processes and the first steps in the separation of the crystalline phase.


This paper introduces the improved OPTA algorithm and extracting minutiae algorithm in detail Aiming at its incomplete thinning and many burrs,an changeable and correcting template is proposed to extract minutiae and pseudo-features according to fingerprint image features.This paper proposes the method of judgment of border information,which can effectively eliminate border minutiae.The experimental results show that this algorithm is simple,quick and accurate.


The aim of present study was to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana Linn. roots on laboratory animals, Wister rat (180-220g) of either sex. The anti-inflammatory study was done by carrageenan-induced paw edema method. The extract was administered orally in dose of 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of body weight. Phytochemical study reveals that the extract contains alkaloids, phytosterols, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins. It was found that the ethanolic extract can be effective in acute inflammatory disorders and shows significant anti-inflammatory dosedependent effect at the dose level of 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg. Acute toxicity studies of ethanolic extract of A. Mexicana showed no mortality till doses of 2500 mg/kg body weight even after 72 hrs. Vilas N. Deshmukh Sudhakarrao Naik Institute of Pharmacy, Pusad, Dist. Yavatmal (MS) 445204 Submission: 20 November 2017 Accepted: 30 November 2017 Published: 30 December 2017 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Vilas N. Deshmukh. Ijppr.Human, 2017; Vol. 11 (1): 95-104. 96 INTRODUCTION The plant Argemone mexicana Linn. Known as Ghamoya (Family papaveraceae) is an indigenous herb. It is a perennial herb growing wild to 0.6m by 0.45m. It is a prickly, glabrous, branching herb with yellow juice and showy yellow flowers. Leaves glaucous, oblong-oblanceolate, pinnately lobed, 1/2-3/4 to midrib, both surfaces sparsely covered with prickles along veins, margins somewhat sinuate-dentate, the teeth tipped with a prickle, sessile, upper ones usually somewhat clasping the stem. The plant contains alkaloids as berberine, protopine, sanguinarine, optifine, chelerythrine etc. It is traditionally used as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antitussive, demulcent, emetic, expectorant, hallucinogenic, purgative, sedative, skin, warts [1-2]. It is known nowadays, that a persistent and uncontrolled inflammation can be an etiologic factor for many chronic illnesses [3]. Although inflammation is a defense mechanism, the complex events and mediators involved the inflammatory reaction can induce, maintain or aggravate many diseases [4]. Moreover, many authors have revealed the link between pain and inflammation in the occurrence of several diseases [5-8]. In the domain of struggle against pain and inflammation, numerous plants possessing medical potentialities constitute a good alternative because showing anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the possible effect of different doses of ethanolic extract of roots of Argemone mexicana for antiinflammatory activity was determined by carrageenan paw edema method.


Resource constraints, citizen activism, and the threat of privatization are driving public organizations toward responsiveness and efficiency. Hierarchy is giving way to polyarchy in the administrative system. An interactive classroom which uses analysis and feedback to leverage the students' experiences in management situations can prepare public administration students for this new polyarchal work environment.


1. Tracking return migrations in songbirds has been impossible until recently when miniaturization of light‐level loggers enabled observation of the first complete round trip. Although geolocators are extensively used on animals at sea, little is known about how accurate geolocators are for tracking terrestrial or forest‐dwelling migrants.


Cover: The cover image, by Michaela R. Reagan et al., is based on the Perspective A Perspective on Malignancy in the Marrow, DOI 10.1002/jcp.25860.


The invention discloses an advanced high-performance bus (AHB) clock switching circuit. The AHB clock switching circuit comprises a burr-free clock switching circuit, a D flip flop, an exclusive-or gate, a not gate and an and gate, wherein the burr-free clock switching circuit is provided with two input clocks which include a clock select signal and a bus clock output, a D end of the D flip flop is connected with the clock select signal, a clock end of the D flip flop is connected with the bus clock output, a Q end of the D flip flop is connected with an input end of the exclusive-or gate and other slave units, two input ends of the exclusive-or gate are connected with the D end and the Q end of the D flip flop respectively, an output end of the exclusive-or gate is connected with an input end of the not gate, an input end of the not gate is connected with the output end of the exclusive-or gate, an output end of the not gate is connected with an input end of the and gate, an input end of the and gate is connected with the output end of the not gate, and the other input end of the and gate is connected with back signals of the slave units on a prior bus. By means of the AHB clock switching circuit, the bus clock switching can not occur in the execution process of the next instruction of clock switching instructions, the slave units are not required to enable clock frequency switching to occur in execution processes of other instructions, and design difficulty and manufacturing costs of the slave units are reduced.


The main object of study in this paper is the quality cost of supply chain.Wtih the excellence performance model,it analyzes and summarized the status quo of quality cost of supply chain.The author builds up quality cost accounting system and quality cost of supply chain model based on excellence performance model.Finally,take a case for example,this paper optimizes the model used genetic algorithm.


In this issue of Blood , Vockel and Vestweber identify the molecular signaling pathway leading from T-lymphocyte adhesion to dissociation of the transmembrane phosphatase vascular endothelial–specific receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) from VE-cadherin, a key step in allowing leukocyte


Objective: This study aims to determine the incidence of diarrheal diseases in pediatric patients of the Tres Cerritos Health Post in the Pasaje Canton during the period 2020 - 2022.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational-descriptive study was conducted. The pediatric population studied consisted of 5,774 children, among whom 76 cases of acute diarrhea were observed in children of both sexes. The PRAS system (Plataforma Registro de Salud) was used for data collection. Statistical analysis was carried out with Epi Info and Excel, presenting qualitative variables with frequency values (f), percentage (%) and quantitative variables with measures of central tendency and dispersion (mean, median/standard deviation, interquartile range).
Results: According to the data collected in PRAS, an incidence of acute diarrhea of 13.16 per 1,000 inhabitants was determined. The average age of the affected children ranged from 2 to 9 years, with a predominance of the male sex (54%). The most affected age group was 2 to 4 years (49%). The most frequent symptomatology was diarrhea (42%), followed by the combination of diarrhea and vomiting (16%).
Conclusion: The incidence of diarrhea in the Tres Cerritos Health Post was relatively low in the pediatric population. This is due to the fact that respiratory pathologies predominated during the study period, affecting the male sex more frequently.


Background: Hypertension is the most common diagnostic sign of preeclampsia, although some women present with convulsions, abdominal pain or general malaise. Preeclampsia occurs in 5 to 7 percent of all pregnancies. Although its pathogenesis is incompletely understood, it is a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the fetal outcome in preeclamptic mothers in a tertiary Hospital. Methodology: The Study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital. Sylhet, Bangladesh to find out the common indications of fetal outcome of preeclamptic mother. 120 cases were randomly selected for the study whose common indication of fetal outcome of preeclamptic mother. Clinical examination and evaluation were done from July 2006 to June 2007. Other necessary investigations were done if clinically indicated and to prepare the patient for anesthesia. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22). Results: Comparison of mean (±SD) age (24.30±4.03 and 24.654.41 years) and height (61.43±1.80 and 61.92±1.52 ern) did not show any significant difference. However, comparison of mean (±SD) weight (71.20+4.38 and 69.27±2.86 kg), blood pressure (systolic: 154.83±9.48 and 112.33±11.10; diastolic: 102.58±9.94 and 71.33±6.23 mmHg), gestational age (36.12±2.45 and 38.42± 1.03 weeks) and gravidity (1.45±1.13 and 1.10±0.30) showed significant differences between case and control groups. Conclusions: To avoid and/or reduce fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality among preeclamptic women, careful examination and investigations are required for early detection and thus to reduce. Maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.


In this paper, we discuss a consortium effort on building text to speech (TTS) systems for 13 Indian languages. There are about 1652 Indian languages. A unified framework is therefore attempted required for building TTSes for Indian languages. As Indian languages are syllable-timed, a syllable-based framework is developed. As quality of speech synthesis is of paramount interest, unit-selection synthesizers are built. Building TTS systems for low-resource languages requires that the data be carefully collected an annotated as the database has to be built from the scratch. Various criteria have to addressed while building the database, namely, speaker selection, pronunciation variation, optimal text selection, handling of out of vocabulary words and so on. The various characteristics of the voice that affect speech synthesis quality are first analysed. Next the design of the corpus of each of the Indian languages is tabulated. The collected data is labeled at the syllable level using a semiautomatic labeling tool. Text to speech synthesizers are built for all the 13 languages, namely, Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Gujarati, Rajasthani, Assamese, Manipuri, Odia and Bodo using the same common framework. The TTS systems are evaluated using degradation Mean Opinion Score (DMOS) and Word Error Rate (WER). An average DMOS score of ≈3.0 and an average WER of about 20 % is observed across all the languages.


AIM: This study aimed to identify the replication potential of the kidneys in different forms of opisthorchiasis in laboratory animals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experiment was conducted on 60 Syrian male hamsters. The first group was set as the control (n = 10), the second group (n = 25) was infected with metacercariae (Opisthorchis felineus), and the third group (n = 25) was a model of a superinvasive form of opisthorchiasis infection with 50 O. felineus larvae and repeated infection with 50 metacercariae in 14 and 25 days. The hamsters were withdrawn from the experiment on days 7, 15, and 30 via an overdose of narcosis and decapitation. The kidneys were isolated and histologically examined through histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods. Microscopy was conducted, and results were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: The quantitative characteristics, proliferation tendencies, and differentiation of regional stem cells were identified. In the cortical and medullary substance of the kidneys, CD117, Oct4, and CD34 markers were expressed, and CD31-positive stem cells further differentiated to progenitor cells. Epithelial structures developed in the form of tubules. In the glomeruli, vasculogenesis occurred, and the number of vascular loops increased.
CONCLUSION: O. felineus secretome initiated the activation of stem cells in the renal tubules and pericytes of a microcirculatory network. The transitional epithelium of the renal pelvis and the initial parts of the ureter proliferated. Under the action of the secretome of parasites, stem cells proliferated directly in glomerular loops.


....................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1 References ........................................................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 2. HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS OF MATERNAL IMMUNITY IN SWINE .................................................................................. 3 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4 The recognition of maternal immunity ............................................................................... 4 Why are piglets born agammaglobulinemic? ..................................................................... 8 Anatomy and physiology of lactation ............................................................................... 11 Swine mammary gland anatomy ................................................................................. 11 Mammogenesis ........................................................................................................... 11 Lactogenesis ................................................................................................................ 14 Immunological functions of mammary secretions ............................................................ 16 Cellular components in swine mammary secretion .................................................... 16 Antibodies in swine mammary secretions .................................................................. 19 Transport of antibody into mammary secretions ........................................................ 20 Acquisition of maternal immunity by the neonatal piglet .......................................... 22 Maternal immunity and swine health: past, present, and future applications .................. 24 References ......................................................................................................................... 27 Table ................................................................................................................................. 46 Table 1. Pathogens against which maternal immunity can provide protection to piglets ......................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTER 3. DOES CIRCULATING ANTIBODY PLAY A ROLE IN THE PROTECTION OF PIGLETS AGAINST PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA VIRUS? .................................................................................... 47 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 47 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 48 Materials and Methods ...................................................................................................... 50 Experimental design.................................................................................................... 50 Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) inoculum ................................................... 50 Animals and animal care ............................................................................................. 51 Implementation of the experiment .............................................................................. 52 Biological sample collection ....................................................................................... 54 Coronavirus reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (rRT-PCR) ............... 55 Analysis 59


Abtract-The design, construction and performance evaluation of a cassava chips dryer using fuel wood as source of heat was undertaken with a view to help small scale farmers' process cassava chips. The dryer consists of a frame, drying chamber, a tray, fuel wood housing, perforated air space and a chimney. The dryer was evaluated in terms of final moisture content, drying capacity, time taken to dry the chips and the quality of the chips. Results showed that the moisture content of 65.03% (wb) was reduced to 13.11%, the drying capacity was 6kg per loading and the drying time which was supposed to be 3 hrs was increased to 4hrs due to difficulty in regulating the heat produced by the fuel wood. Compared to other types of dryers (solar dryer, platform dryer, flat – bed dryer, continuous dryer e.t.c), the batch type dryer is preferred due to its ability to be used during rainy season and in the absence of electricity. The quality of the chips was found to be good. The dryer has an efficiency of 80%. The evaluation of the dryer shows that it can be used for small scale drying of cassava. chips.


United States District Court Judge Benson Legg's decision to strike down Maryland's requirement of a "good and substantial reason" for issuance of a handgun permit in Woollard v. Sheridan seemed inevitable after recent Supreme Court decisions. In District of Columbia v. Heller, Justice Scalia wrote: "At the time of the founding, as now, to 'bear' meant to 'carry.' . . . [T]he carrying of the weapon is for the purpose of 'offensive or defensive action.'" In McDonald v. City of Chicago, Justice Alito also stressed the fundamental "right to keep and bear arms."


Transmission of Cryptobia salmositica occurred when infected and uninfected rainbow trout were held in the same tank. In tanks where infected and uninfected fish were allowed to mix freely, 67–80% of the uninfected fish acquired detectable infections by the 27th week. None of the control fish in another tank was infected. In another tank where the infected and uninfected fish were separated by a wire screen, 9 of 20 uninfected fish acquired detectable infections by the 22nd week. This is the first demonstration of direct transmission of a hemoflagellate via the water medium in aquatic vertebrates. Cryptobia salmositica was found in the mucus on the body surface of 9 of 10 fish examined 6 weeks after infection. These parasites were infective and some of them were morphologically similar to those in the blood or peritoneal fluid. It is suggested that the vascular species of Cryptobia were originally ectoparasitic on fishes and that these ectoparasitic species were descended from the free-living Procryptobia.


The non-metallic cooling wall which is developed and produced by Huayu Fireproofing Company in Zhengzhou and University of Science and Technology Beijing is the developing direction of BF cooling wall.This paper has put forward feasible optimization schemes on curing schedule and disperser via assays,which will improve the comprehensive performance of the poured refractory matrices of non-metallic cooling wall.


The accellular dermal matrix as a medical repair material was more and more used in recent years,the patch widely used in burn surgery,dentistry,otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery,neuronsurgery,general surgery,urology,and other areas,and achieved a better clinical effect.Clinical applications of extracellular matrix patch are reviwed.


To effectively master a foreign language, it is necessary to handle much more than the grammar of that language. Future teachers of foreign languages should be able to develop an excellent level of the language they study. The proposal made here is related to the expansion of the lexicon, of the German language in particular, to increase the inventory of derived verbs using prefixes (separable and inseparable). The proposal is the development of cognitive processes with the support of emotion and visual aids. Affection is today a key factor to achieve objectives.


As the frontiers of applied statistics progress through increasingly complex experiments we must exploit increasingly sophisticated inferential models to analyze the observations we make. In order to avoid misleading or outright erroneous inferences we then have to be increasingly diligent in scrutinizing the consequences of those modeling assumptions. Fortunately model-based methods of statistical inference naturally define procedures for quantifying the scope of inferential outcomes and calibrating corresponding decision making processes. In this paper I review the construction and implementation of the particular procedures that arise within frequentist and Bayesian methodologies.


1Animal Science Department, Landmark University, PMB1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria. 2Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB 2240, Ogun State, Nigeria. 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB 2240, Ogun State, Nigeria. 4Landmark University SDG 2, Landmark University Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria Article Information Received 28 August 2020 Revised 10 February 2022 Accepted 29 March 2022 Available online 30 January 2023 (early access)


This article presents the results of recent research on the historical period of west-central Thailand between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. At this time Dvaravati was in a stage of decline while the prominent rivals of Pagan and Angkor began to prosper. The construction of stone sanctuaries in the Bayon style in west-central Thailand has caused serious debate regarding the influence of Jayavarman VII over that part of Thailand. However, the main point of the present study is that the successors of Dvaravati can be considered to have played a significant part in the socio-economy of that period. This research explores the landscape of the study region using remote sensing techniques as well as carrying out conventional methods of fieldwork. New discoveries and current evidence are discussed, along with some issues concerning the archaeology of the post-Dvaravati, pre-Sukhothai transitional period (c. a.d.  1100–1300). West-central Thailand is believed to have been an economically desirable land with rich resources throughout its history. It is hoped that this work will contribute to the understanding of the social changes after the Dvaravati period when the economic power shifted to other parts of Mainland Southeast Asia.


The Editors of Microform Review are pleased to be able to reprint Robert Sullivan's article on the uses of microforms and microform research lists for the acquisition of library material. Of course, change in library technical services has been enormous the last few years and more and more acquisitions functions are being performed online. Nevertheless an understanding of the history of library acquisitions procedures, and the role of microforms in this, is important.