We could accurately predict the shadow path and successfully observe an occultation of a bright star by Chiron on 2022 December 15. The Kottamia Astronomical Observatory in Egypt did not detect the occultation by the solid body, but we detected three extinction features in the light curve that had symmetrical counterparts with respect to the central time of the occultation. One of the features is broad and shallow, whereas the other two features are sharper with a maximum extinction of $\sim$25$\%$ at the achieved spatial resolution of 19 km per data point. From the Wise observatory in Israel, we detected the occultation caused by the main body and several extinction features surrounding the body. When all the secondary features are plotted in the sky plane we find that they can be caused by a broad $\sim$580 km disk with concentrations at radii of 325 \pm 16 km and 423 \pm 11 km surrounding Chiron. At least one of these structures appears to be outside the Roche limit. The ecliptic coordinates of the pole of the disk are $\lambda$ = 151$^\circ~\pm$ 8$^\circ$ and $\beta$ = 18$^\circ~\pm$ 11$^\circ$, in agreement with previous results. We also show our long-term photometry indicating that Chiron had suffered a brightness outburst of at least 0.6 mag between March and September 2021 and that Chiron was still somewhat brighter at the occultation date than at its nominal pre-outburst phase. The outermost extinction features might be consistent with a bound or temporarily bound structure associated with the brightness increase. However, the nature of the brightness outburst is unclear, and it is also unclear whether the dust or ice released in the outburst could be feeding a putative ring structure or if it emanated from it.


Kinship is essential for the Toba Batak tribe. To maintain kinship, good relations between those who live in the area of origin and those who live in the overseas (urban) areas are always maintained. This sound kinship brings traditions from the area of origin to the overseas area. One of the exciting traditions to study is the Bona Taon. This tradition has long been lost in the area of origin but is increasingly existent in urban areas. The Bona Taon tradition was lost because of the prohibition by the Dutch colonialists. This study examines the Bona Taon tradition of urban-plan models using globalization theory and hypersemiotic theory. The results show that the Bona Taon tradition carried out by the Batak tribe in urban areas aims to strengthen kinship relationships that are full of images. In practice, this tradition has changed from what was originally sacred to only entertainment.


In neuroeconomics experiments many ocular artifacts are encountered during long trial durations. In this study, results from algorithms used to remove artifacts in EEG measurements are presented. The study consists of three parts. In the first part, EEG signals were band-pass filtered to remove high frequency noise and low frequency drift. Next, the artifacts were removed by using traditional regression method and independent component analysis (ICA). Finally, the performances of the two artifact removal methods were compared. Although artifacts were suppressed better by ICA than regression, ICA caused decrease in root mean square (RMS) values of the non-artifactual parts of some channels.


The recent rise of controversial Stand Your Ground laws has sparked discussions on self-defense law. Comparing the new Stand Your Ground laws with another selfdefense doctrine—Battered Women's Syndrome—it becomes apparent that the law solidifies gender stereotypes by assessing when an individual is justified in using deadly force against an aggressor. "True men" are empowered to use deadly force in public without a duty to retreat, while a battered woman often must provide expert testimony on her psychological condition to prove the reasonableness of her use of deadly force in light of her severe helplessness. At their extremes, both of these doctrines are detrimental to the criminal law and potentially encourage dangerous policy and undesirable public conduct.


This article presents a model of collaboration between a state child welfare licensing division and a public university to develop and administer online examinations for persons seeking licensure as administrators of residential child care facilities or child placing agencies. The exams assess knowledge of state standards and various practice domains. The article presents the project's underpinnings in child welfare history, contingency theory, and literature on contracting and collaboration. The article examines other states' practices and details the evolution of this project since 2003. It concludes with discussion of the project's usefulness as a model for other states and jurisdictions.


In this paper, we relax the assumption of a self-financing strategy in the dynamic investment models. In so doing we provide smooth solutions and constrained viscosity solutions.


The aim of this work is to investigate and characterise particle behaviour in a 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of a reconnecting magnetic separator. We use a relativistic guiding-centre test-particle code to investigate electron and proton acceleration in snapshots from 3D MHD separator reconnection experiments, and compare the results with findings from an analytical separator reconnection model studied in a previous investigation. The behaviour and acceleration of large distributions of particles are examined in detail for both analytical and numerical separator reconnection models. Accelerated particle orbit trajectories are shown to follow the separator before leaving the system along the separatrix surface of one of the nulls (determined by particle species) in the system of both models. A sufficiently localised electric field about the separator causes the orbits to appear to follow the spine bounding the separatrix surface field lines instead. We analyse and discuss the locations and spread of accelerated particle orbit final positions, which are seen to change over time in the numerical separator reconnection model. We deduce a simple relationship between the final energy range of particle orbits and the model dimensions, and discuss its implications for observed magnetic separators in the solar corona.


Sexual assault in the military is a large concern for the Department of Defense. They recognize it as an important and complex problem that needs to be addressed. In recent years, efforts have been initiated in order to improve the handling of sexual assault cases and data retention. An entirely new program has been created in order to address these cases. Focusing on the occurrence of same-sex assaults heightens the sensitivity of matters. This is due to the precarious and only very recent acceptance of homosexuals in the military. In the past, service members, homosexual or otherwise, may have been concerned with having any connection to homosexual acts. This is because such acts could result in removal from the military. However, in 2011 the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Repeal Act went into effect. This act allowed for the open service of homosexuals in the military. Around this same time period, reports from the Department of Defense indicated a rise in the number of sexual assault reports. This thesis analyzes the affect that policies from the Department of Defense and legislation such as the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Repeal Act have on reports of same-sex sexual assault in the military. Through research, this thesis finds that the enactments of various policies have had a measurable impact on treatment of same-sex sexual assault reports in the military, though not necessarily in the way certain media reports might suggest. This thesis also examines the history concerning homosexual service in the military, in order to provide a picture of the national attitudes towards homosexual service in the military, and why certain groups may blame the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender for this rise in reports.


A clinical decision report appraising: Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Lane JA, et al. Patient-Reported Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(15):1425-1437. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1606221 for a patient with localized prostate cancer and concerns regarding future sexual dysfunction.


Using a low-temperature microphotoluminescence method, we have investigated the optical properties of oval defects in a GaAs layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of oval defects exhibited new distinct peaks, which had a narrow width (0.5 meV) and a strong intensity comparable to the exciton luminescence from a defect-free region of the epilayer. The excitation-power dependence and our PL image measurements suggest that the peaks are due to the recombination of excitons bound to the defects. The PL image of the free-exciton luminescence clearly revealed the features of a pair of asymmetric oval defects, each of which had a pyramidal structure consisting of stacking fault planes. The clear features indicate effective carrier confinement within the pyramid, where the stacking fault planes functioned as a potential barrier.


: The cadmium is one of the metallic element traces very toxic for vegetables, animals and human. Its presence in the soil is aggravated by the various cultural practices. This study is to test the effect of cadmium on the physiological parameters and its accumulation in two varieties of bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L). The relative growth of seedlings, the rate of chlorophyll a and b, the proline, soluble sugars and rate of accumulation of Cadmium are measured under four concentrations of Cd staggered from 0 to 150mg/l and tested on the varieties Arz and Hiddab. Results show an important reduction of the relative growth of the seedlings of both varieties but in a different way. A disturbance of the various physiological processes is observed a decrease of the photosynthesis gradually with the increase of the dose in cadmium on the chlorophyll a and b compared with the control, increase of the rates of the proline, the soluble sugars and the rate of cadmium in seedlings following the increase in concentration of the metal study. The Arz variety is more accumulating than Hiddab. The presence of the cadmium in the environment causes a physiological disturbance of the processes and affects dramatically the production of the biomass.


Relatively early during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic it was widely recognized that community spread could be mitigated by the widespread wearing of face masks.  However, at first, they were difficult to procure and   the CDC discouraged the use of masks for the general public since this might cause shortages for healthcare workers.   Subsequently, the CDC suggested that cloth masks, without filters, should be used by the general public since these were considered ineffective for healthcare workers.  Using the concepts of design thinking, effective protective face masks with filters were designed and developed using readily available materials that could be used by the general public.


A 76-year-old man with diabetes and mediastinal lymphadenopathy presented with fever and fatigue. Pyuria was seen on urinalysis. CT of the abdomen showed mild dilatation of the left renal pelvis and thickening of the ipsilateral ureteral wall.


To test the interface function of the special interface equipment,a kind of 34 bits serial code signal is described in this paper.The designing method of transmitting and receiving the 34 bits serial code based on FPGA chip is introduced in detail.The design idea of circuit modules emphatically is analysed.The circiut that adopted SOPC module as controller is compact and credible.Test result shows the system works rightly and reliably.


We propose a method to improve the thermal stability of thin CoSi2 layers on polycrystalline silicon substrates. Nitrogen atoms have been implanted at 55 keV to a dose of 5×1015/cm2 through a 70 nm silicide layer in order to locate the implanted peak near the silicide/silicon interface. The large band of cavities created at the interface has extended the thermal stability window by 125 °C with respect to the standard process. The improvement has been related to the silicide grain-boundary pinning due to the increase of the interface free energy contribution.


Code-division multiple access technology is widely used in telecommunications and its performance has been extensively investigated in the past. Theoretical results for the case of wide-band transmission channel were not available until recently. The novel formulae which have been published in 2014 can have an important impact on the future of wireless multiuser communications, but limitations come from the Gaussian approximations used in their derivation. In this Letter, the authors obtain more accurate expressions of the bit error rate (BER) for the case when the model of the wide-band channel is two-ray, with Rayleigh fading. In the authors' approach, the spreading sequences are assumed to be generated by logistic map given by Chebyshev polynomial function of order two. Their theoretical and experimental results show clearly that the previous results on BER, which rely on the crude Gaussian approximation, are over-pessimistic.


The aim of this study was to identify plant species visited by honey possums, and compare this menu with our current
understanding of plant susceptibility to Phytophthora cinnamomi. Greater understanding of the diet of honey possums in the presence of this pervasive pathogen gives us a better chance of assessing potential impacts of further spread of the pathogen on honey possums.


The predominant cardiac Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) is CaMKII&dgr;. Here we acutely overexpress CaMKII&dgr;C using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in adult rabbit ventricular myocytes. This circumvents confounding adaptive effects in CaMKII&dgr;C transgenic mice. CaMKII&dgr;C protein expression and activation state (autophosphorylation) were increased 5- to 6-fold. Basal twitch contraction amplitude and kinetics (1 Hz) were not changed in CaMKII&dgr;C versus LacZ expressing myocytes. However, the contraction–frequency relationship was more negative, frequency-dependent acceleration of relaxation was enhanced (&tgr;0.5Hz/&tgr;3Hz=2.14±0.10 versus 1.87±0.10), and peak Ca2+ current (ICa) was increased by 31% (−7.1±0.5 versus −5.4±0.5 pA/pF, P<0.05). Ca2+ transient amplitude was not significantly reduced (−27%, P=0.22), despite dramatically reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content (41%; P<0.05). Thus fractional SR Ca2+ release was increased by 60% (P<0.05). Diastolic SR Ca2+ leak assessed by Ca2+ spark frequency (normalized to SR Ca2+ load) was increased by 88% in CaMKII&dgr;C versus LacZ myocytes (P<0.05; in an multiplicity-of-infection–dependent manner), an effect blocked by CaMKII inhibitors KN-93 and autocamtide-2–related inhibitory peptide. This enhanced SR Ca2+ leak may explain reduced SR Ca2+ content, despite measured levels of SR Ca2+-ATPase and Na+/Ca2+ exchange expression and function being unaltered. Ryanodine receptor (RyR) phosphorylation in CaMKII&dgr;C myocytes was increased at both Ser2809 and Ser2815, but FKBP12.6 coimmunoprecipitation with RyR was unaltered. This shows for the first time that acute CaMKII&dgr;C overexpression alters RyR function, leading to enhanced SR Ca2+ leak and reduced SR Ca2+ content but without reducing twitch contraction and Ca2+ transients. We conclude that this is attributable to concomitant enhancement of fractional SR Ca2+ release in CaMKII&dgr;C myocytes (ie, CaMKII-dependent enhancement of RyR Ca2+ sensitivity during diastole and systole) and increased ICa.


A chewable tablet palatability, comprising: (a) cetirizine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, (b) a sweetener, (c) a combination of a grape flavoring and a vanilla flavoring in a weight ratio 4 : 1 to 2: 1, (d) a cyclodextrin, and (e) one or more additional excipients.


Summary Airborne Time Domain ElectroMagnetic (TDEM) and magnetic (MAG) surveys have successfully been used for environmental studies. In igneous provinces, TDEM and MAG data may be jointly interpreted for the characterization of the geological environment. In May 2015, a heliborne survey was conducted in New-Caledonia Island (south-west in the Pacific Ocean) over a small area nearby Kone for hydrogeological characterization. The area is hosted by pre-Late Cretaceous metamorphic unit, Cretaceous formations, two volcanic facies and peridotite massifs, relic of the ophiolite nappe. TDEM and MAG data were separately and jointly interpreted in order to characterize the Kone area. Separately, results obtained from the two methods provided new information on the hydrogeological environment and allow delineating the precise limits of the different geological formations. Jointly, the multilayered results were interpreted using a hierarchical ascendant clustering algorithm. Through a statistical classification of three MAG grids and three TDEM grids, it was possible to propose a predictive geological map for the Kone area. The input will help to better manage the groundwater resources and will be used to position new exploration wells.


Measuring user acceptance to avoid system rejection by the users in pre-prototype stage of product development is of high interest for both researchers and practitioners. This is especially true when technology uses strategies of persuasion in an emotional laden environment like the car. This paper presents the results of an online survey aiming at evaluating the acceptance of future persuasive in-car interaction approaches for a more economic driving behaviour. Five different persuasive interface concepts are presented and studied towards their acceptance. The results show an overall acceptance of the system concepts and the usefulness of the presented method. We show that individual expectations of the systems' disturbance and risk have an effect on the acceptance of technology and the behavioural intention to use.


The redetermined crystal structure of the title compound, C11H13N2O2 +·Br−, is reported. Data collection at 100 K about three crystallographic axes resulted in a crystal structure with significantly higher precision in comparison to the two-dimensional data collected at 176 K [Takigawa et al. [(1966) Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn, 39, 2369–2378]. The carboxyl group and indole ring system are planar, with maximum deviations of 0.002 (2) and 0.007 (2) Å, respectively, and make an angle of 70.17 (1)° with each other. The molecules are arranged in double layers of carboxyl and amino groups parallel to the ab plane, stabilized by an extensive network of N—H⋯Br and O—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds. The polar layer is held together by a network of three N—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds and one O—H⋯Br hydrogen bond. In the non-polar layer, the indole rings are linked mainly by electrostatic N—H⋯C interactions between the polarized bond N—H (H is δ+) of the pyrrole unit and two of the ring C atoms (δ−) of the benzene rings of adjacent molecules. The distances of these electrostatic interactions are 2.57 and 2.68 Å, respectively. C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions are also present.


Calix[n]arenes (CnAs) have been attracting much attention as a versatile host molecule in molecular recognition chemistry or supramolecular chemistry because variety functional groups were easily introduced at the lower rim (the phenolic hydroxy groups) and the upper rim (the para position) in CnAs. For example, in order to bind metal ions, CnAs derivatives have been synthesized by introduction of functional groups containing O, N, S and P as donor atoms. Those modified CnAs have studied as ligands for extraction or sensing system of metal ions [1]. Recently, considerable attention has been focused on thiacalix[n]arenes (TCnAs) as counterpart of CnAs because of bearing many features which are not presented in chemistry of CnAs [2]. TCnAs are composed of benzene rings, linked via sulfur bridges instead of methylene units of CnAs and themselves can make host-guest complexation with metal ions because of high affinity for metal ions by sulfide group [3]. Therefore, many studies on extraction for metal ions by TCnAs have been reported such as the selective extraction of alkali metal ions with (ethoxycarbonyl)methoxy groups modified TC4A reported by Iki et al [4]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are few studies intended for the extraction of rare metals. For example, Torgov et al. have studied extraction of Pd, Ag, Ru and Rh by various TC4A derivatives [5]. A recycle of rare metals from wastes is very important because rare metals are limited in natural resource deposits. Although it needs that a rare metal ion is separated more easily and efficiently from wastes including many kinds of metal ions or some materials, the particular rare metal ion can be hardly separated from various rare metal ions by industrial extracting reagents such as tributylphosphate (TBP), trioctylamine (TOA) and dihexylsulfide (DHS), because of existence some similar properties in the different kinds of rare metal ions. Therefore, novel reagents, which can separate rare metals efficiently, are required. In our previous study, we prepared Platinum Group Metals (PGM) solution from automotive catalyst residue including eight rare metals (Rh, Pd, Pt, Zr, Ce, Ba, La, Y) and one base metal (Al), and studied the metal ion extraction abilities of p-tert-butyl-TC6A and p-tert-butyl-TC4A from PGM solution. The p-tert-butyl-TC6A High Selective Extraction Ability for Platinum-group Metals Based on Thiacalix[6]arene Derivatives


Phillip Houghton (April 26, 1954 – September 30, 2017) was "one of Australia's greatest
guitar figures and composers" (Slava Grigoryan as cited by Cerabona, 2018). Houghton had
been trained in visual arts before studying music, and influences from the visual art and
references to visual stimuli played a major role in his compositions. This study discusses the
process of developing a meaningful interpretation, performance and presentation of
Houghton's compositions with a focus on the visual art influences referenced in his music.
This research project unfolds through three case studies, spanning a period of a year and a
half. Each case study draws repertoire that I selected for the respective concert programmes
in which I focused on the works by Phillip Houghton. The selection was made by
instrumentation, namely, works for solo guitar, works for ensemble guitar, and mixed
chamber ensemble works including the guitar. These three different programs were presented
live on June/2016, November/2016, and June/2017 respectively. During this period, I had the
opportunity to communicate with Phillip Houghton in person, which added further insight
and personal dimension to both the technical and interpretative aspects of his compositions.
The exegesis also contains a video with selections from the three performances.
Each case study is discussed in a specific chapter, in which I also provide analyses on the
relevant aspects of the works, the artworks that inspired them, and the process of developing
a musical interpretation and a visual display. This design was developed to allow the reader to
focus on each stage of a progression as it follows: 1) basic background of the pieces in the
given program, 2) identification of the art works referenced by Houghton and my
impressions from such works, 3) followed by musical analyses that serve to determine the
correlations between the referenced artworks and the musical features, and finally 4) a
discussion on strategies to bring the emerged understanding into interpretative and
performative decisions. Each of Chapters 4, 5 and 6 follow the same progression, and reflect
the contents of the three concerts mentioned above.


Objective
To analyze the clinical difference between the patients with poststroke pathological laughing and crying(PSPLC) and the patients with poststroke emotional lability(PSEL) after stroke.

Methods
66 patients with poststroke involuntary emotional expression disorder(PSIEED) were collected from Tongji Hospital of Tongji University from July 2014 to December 2015.The 66 cases with PSIEED were classified into 43 cases with PSPLC and 23 cases with PSEL who were diagnosed by Cummings's criteria. The clinical features of PSPLC and PSEL were compared with each other.

Results
The higher proportion of patients suffering from PSEL developed during the acute stage of stroke than the PSPLC (47.8% vs 9.3%, P 0.05). There was significant difference on lesion location with the patients suffering from PSPLC showed bilateral multiple lesions involving the pons and bilateral subcortical white matter of frontal lobes and parietal lobes(95.3% vs 52.2%, P<0.01).

Conclusion
There is significant difference in the clinical features such as the severity of symptoms in pathological emotional display, accompanying symptoms and lesion location between the PSPLC and PSEL patients.Understanding the clinical features contribute to differential diagnosis between PSPLC or PSEL.

Key words:
Involuntary emotional expression disorder; Pathological laughing and crying; Emotional lability; Stroke


The preparation and spectroscopic characterization of thiocarbonyl metalloporphyrins M(OEP)CS(L') (e.g. 2e: M = Fe, L' = Py, 1e: M = Os, L' = Py** are described. Especially noteworthy is the existence of a pentacoordinate, diamagnetic, air-stable heme Fe(OEP)CS (2f: M = Fe, no L′). A linear correlation of the α-band frequencies (expressed as ϋa) in the optical spectrum and the metal(II/III) redox potentials (E1/2) taken from cyclic voltammetry experiments suggests (Abb. 3) that in complexes of the type M(OEP)LL' (1,2) λa is bathochromically shifted as the π-acceptor capacity of L increases ("Rule of Bathochromism"). The strong π-acceptor capacity of carbon monosulphide renders the attack of dioxygen to the thiocarbonyl heme unfavourable; O2 and CS seem to be comparable in their π-acceptor strength.


In many branches of industry solvent mixtures accumulate which are difficult to recycle due to their water content. It is required that the water contained in the mixtures is reduced to such an extent that the mixtures can be separated into their components. In this paper, conventional dewatering technologies, such as adsorption and/or the use of entrainers, have been compared with new methods, like the reactive conversion of water with special agents. It was found that the reactive conversion is an effective alternative to conventional processes.


This paper uses the relative results of the nonlinear eigenvalue problem for the p-Biharmonic equation with the Navier boundary condition in one dimension,Leray-Schauder degree theory and the standard global bifurcation theory to discuss the existence of the nontrivial solution for the p-Biharmonic equation in one dimension.


The present study represents an attempt to define more specifically the types of pathologic conditions associated with various forms of plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD) in man. As previously defined,'. 2 the term plasma cell dyscrasia is used as an inclusive designation for a group of apparently related conditions which have as their common features: (1 ) the excessive proliferation of a single clone of immunoglobulin-producing cells; (2) the excessive production of a single, homogeneous monoclonal (M-type) immunoglobulin or polypeptide subunit; and (3) frequently, but not invariably, a decreased production of normal immunoglobulins. The terms plasma cell dyscrasia, monoclonal gammopathy, dysgammaglobulinemia and paraimmunoglobulinopathy have all been used to refer to the same group of conditions. The term plasma cell dyscrasia is considered preferable, since it implies only an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation (i.e., dyscrasia) of one or a limited number of immunoglobulin-producing cells which may be either benign, i.e., a reactive proliferation related to a specific antigenic challenge, or an autonomous neoplastic proliferation. PCDs are presently classified in two main groups: (1 ) symptomatic PCDs, i.e., conditions associated with overt clinical manifestations, specifically, multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, the heavy chain diseases, and many cases of so-called primary amyloidosis; and (2) asymptomatic or occult PCDs in which M-type protein abnormalities are discovered in the absence of signs or symptoms of myeloma, macroglobulinemia or other clinically distinct PCDs. It is now known that a certain proportion of asymptomatic PCDs ultimately progress to overt myeloma or another form of symptomatic PCD after periods of a few months to many years. However, it is also well documented that some individuals exhibit M-type protein abnormalities for 20 or more years without progression to a clinical pattern of overt multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, amyloidosis, and so forth. In these latter cases, it is possible that the M-type protein abnormalities reflect an excessive reticuloendothelial response to a specific stimulus, particularly a stimulus which is usually protracted and resistant


Objective To study the influence of Triamcinolone Acetonide for the expression of interleukin-4 and high mobility group boxlprotein of patients with proctitis ulcerosa. Methods Forty proctitis ulcerosa patients in Nanchong Central Hospital from June 2011 to October 2012 were randomly divided into two groups, observation group were treated with Triamcinolone Acetonide and Metronidazole, and control group were treated with Metronidazole, then clinical effects and the indexes of interleukin-4 and high mobility group boxlprotein after treatment at seventh day were detected and compared. Results The clinlcal symptoms relieve of observation group was better than that of the control group, the high mobility group boxlprotein of observation group after treatment at seventh day [(2.17±0.19) μg/L] were all lower than those of the control group [(3.36±0.38)μg/L], interleukin-4 was higher [(31.32±3.58) ng/L] than that of control group [(24.75±2.73) ng/L], there were all significant differences(P 0.05). Conclusion Triamcinolone Acetonide is effective in treating proctitis ulcerosa, its mechanism may be to reduce high mobility group boxlprotein level and raise interleukin-4 level.


Hexagonal phase β-NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+ thin films composed of hexagonal prism structures were obtained from aqueous solution at low temperature by a facile electrodeposition. The annealed electrodeposited films exhibit intense green and red emission excited by a 980 nm laser and a two photon upconversion mechanism is involved.


This paper explains the reform of the regional structure of the Chinese economy in the late 1970s and 1980s in light of the concept of uncertain paternalism. This qualified state protectivism encourages local dependence on the central government but also trains localities in tactics of encapsulation, self-reliance, and hoarding. The concept of uncertain paternalism is used to elucidate the dynamics operating in four classes of spatial economic reforms, and the progress and problems of these reforms are discussed, as well as their potential contribution to the modernization of the Chinese economy.


The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of sowing dates and nitrogen fertilizer levels on yield of five canola varieties in a new reclaimed soil. The experiment took place at the experimental farm of the Environmental Studies and Research Institute, Minufiya University, Sadat City, Egypt, during 2007/2008 and 2008 /2009 seasons. Complete block design with spilt split plot with three replications was used. Where the main plots included four sowing dates (15 October, first November, 16 November, first December). The sub -plots contained three nitrogen fertilizer levels (30, 60 &90 Kg N/fed). The sub – sub plots were assigned to five canola varieties (Sedo, Duplo, Serw – 4, Pectol, Drakkar). The results indicated that, the first of November was the best sowing date, it gave the highest values of all the studied traits and the highest seed yield per plant (43.76 and 48.94 g )in both seasons. Best nitrogen fertilizer level was 90Kg N/fed. It scored the highest mean values (45.20 and 46.92g)of seed yield per plant. Serw-4 gave the highest seed yield (64.63 and 71.56g) in both seasons, respectively. Serw-4 had the best response for nitrogen fertilizer especially when planted at 1 st November and gave the highest seed yield(87.97 and 99.98 g / plant) followed by Duplo variety(75.57 , 93.90 g)/ plant in both seasons, respectively. Sowing date at the first of November with 90Kg N per fed. were recommended for maximizing seed yield in new reclaimed soils with poor content of available nitrogen. Serw – 4 and Duplo were the best varieties under the conditions of this study.


Although there is an increasing shift towards evaluating Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems, there are still many NLG-specific open issues that hinder effective comparative and quantitative evaluation in this field. The paper starts off by describing a task-based, i.e., black-box evaluation of a hypertext NLG system. Then we examine the problem of glass-box, i.e., module specific, evaluation in language generation, with focus on evaluating machine learning methods for text planning.


Objective: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a form of multimodal pain management in open abdominal surgery. Among patients who undergo kidney transplantation, their choice of painkillers is limited. This study aims to determine the efficacy of TAP block vs local infiltration in pain management after kidney transplantation.Materials and Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial, 46 patients with end-stage kidney disease who had undergone kidney transplantation were randomly divided into two groups: a local anesthetic infiltration (LA) group receiving 0.25% Bupivacaine 20 ml around the surgical wound before wound closure and a TAP block group receiving 0.25% Bupivacaine 20 ml by the inside-out technique. Their postoperative pain scores and morphine consumption were recorded at 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 hours.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the groups. The postoperative pain score at two hours in the TAP block group was significantly lower than in the LA group (P value = 0.037), but without other differences in their pain scores after two hours. There was no statistical difference in the morphine consumption between the two groups. The total morphine consumption in the TAP block group was less than in the LA group, but this was not statistically significant. No patients suffered from complications of the TAP block.Conclusion: Transversus abdominis plane block can reduce postoperative pain at two hours after kidney transplantation, without significant complications.


An important instructional practice for teachers in learner-centered science classrooms is to be able to work productively with students' ideas and questions. Eliciting and thoughtfully attending to students' thinking in order to help them advance in their learning is no easy matter, however. This study examined how teachers enacted instruction to elicit, connect, and build upon their elementary students' ideas and questions during an innovative twelve-week learner-centered environmental biology unit. The purpose of the study was to identify and describe successes, issues, and challenges related to incorporating students' ideas and questions into science instruction. Primary data sources included field notes taken during classroom observations and teacher interviews. We present three contrasting cases of teachers to highlight evidence that shows teachers' differing strategies for eliciting students' ideas and questions, and for developing students' ideas, questions and questioning skills. We discuss practical implications for designers of inquiry-based science curricula and professional development.


In general, Speech can be described as the ability to express thoughts and feelings by articulating sounds in order to communicate with the person who understand the speech and accordingly interpret their action. The types of communication disorders that affects a person's ability to produce speech sounds due to the lack of control over motor functions and articulators are speech disorders. Many people of varying age groups suffer from speech disorders and require early treatment in order to correct them. This paper analyses the time domain features such as jitter and shimmer that are extracted from the speech samples of dysarthria and healthy people. This is done by looking for dissimilarities between the different speech features preset in the normal healthy person and the disordered one by employing steps such as pre-processing followed by feature extraction.


In Indonesia, the plantation sub-sector has an important role in increasing state revenue through the exports of its products, besides the mining and gas sector. The most widely produced plantation crops in Indonesia are oil palm and rubber and South Kalimantan is one of the top 10 provinces in Indonesia with oil palm plantations. This study aims to detect the correct forecasting model for data on oil palm crops and rubber production in South Kalimantan Province and to analyse the forecasting results for oil palm crops and rubber in South Kalimantan Province using the double exponential smoothing method.  This research was conducted for 8 months (March 2022 to December 2022), using observational data from 2001 to 2021. Double Exponential Smoothing Holt was used in this study by looking at the error value obtained with the smallest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). For palm oil production, the parameters α=0.8 and β=0.6 were the best parameters with a MAPE value of 8.05% and resulted in the forecasting of oil palm crops production in 2022 not increasing, in 2023 and 2024 experiencing an increase of 1%. As for forecasting rubber production, the parameters α=0.9 and β=0.9 are the best parameters with a MAPE value of 5.45% and forecasting rubber production in 2022 will increase by 1%, in 2023 and 2024 by 2%.


In this work the hyperfine interactions of (EuxY1−x)0.3Ba0.1CuO3(x=0.5, 0.7, 1.0) superconductors have been studied by 151Eu Mossbauer effect. X-ray diffraction shows that the materials are of single phase. Mossbauer spectra were measured at 300K and 83K. The results show that Eu ions are in the trivalent oxidation state. The isomer shift decreases with the increasing of composition x. The electron density at the 151Eu nuclei is decreased below the zero resistance temperature.


Fault Current Limiters (FCL) limit fault current levels to a more manageable level, this way it becomes possible to increase the transmission ratings of an electrical system, without changing the equipment. Thus, the existing equipment is able to handle the new currents and protect properly the system. In the paper, different types of FCLs are deeply identified, covering their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages as well as opportunities, stressing on the most suitable ones for VSC-HVDC applications in order to achieve a better performance against faults in the DC circuit. (6 pages)


In silico methods can help in identifying drug targets via bioinformatics tools. In our previous studies, a 2.34 kDa short linear peptide analogue to myxoma virus M-T5 protein was computationally designed using the resonant recognition model (RRM). Quantitative and qualitative cell cytotoxicity assays showed that the peptide analogue can induce a dose and time dependent tumoricidal effect on skin cancer cells but not on normal cells. It has been reported that the viral protein (M-T5) binds with p-Akt to regulate Akt signaling in some human cancer types. Hence in this study we investigated the effects induced by the peptide analogue RRM- MV on the Akt pathway in skin cancer and normal cells. Akt expression levels in cells treated with RRM-MV, in the presence or absence of PI3K/Akt inhibitor, were detected in mammalian skin cancer and normal cells using immunoblotting. The results revealed that different endogenous levels of p-Akt were expressed in the human melanoma and carcinoma cells following treatment with RRM-MV. Yet, it did not appear to affect the p-Akt expression in the mouse melanoma cells. Furthermore, RRM-MV treatment did not seem to affect the level of total Akt in any type of cancer cells under the same experimental conditions. Hence, the bioactive peptide RRM-MV appears to be targeting the Akt pathway in some types of skin cancer cells. Elucidating the mechanism of RRM-MV effects on other cellular apoptosis pathways requires further investigation.


An introduction in itself does not require an introduction, just like guides, companions and manuals do not normally need other guides, companions and manuals. If such books need anything at all, it might be a justification for their very existence. Indeed, Magennis's Cambridge Introduction to Anglo-Saxon Literature sets out to justify itself by identifying its prospective audience as readers ''with some background in literary studies but little or no knowledge of writings produced in Anglo-Saxon England'' and ''more advanced students'' (p. ix). For such audiences, an introduction is an effective way to become acquainted with an unfamiliar literary culture. There is a plethora of introductions to literatures of all ages, which begs the question why we would need a new introduction to Anglo-Saxon literature. We do need one in this case because the days when Greenfield and Calder's New Critical History of Old English Literature or Godden and Lapidge's Cambridge Companion to Old English Literature could serve as background reading in taught courses in AngloSaxon studies are long gone, and for a while it seemed that the contemporary preoccupation with the reduction of knowledge from sustained argumentation in coherent chapters to bulleted lists and short alphabetical entries had taken root in course books for medieval studies too. It is a relief, therefore, to read an Introduction by a scholar from before the bulleted list, who intends ''not to 'dumb down''' his subject (p. ix). An argument in favour of Magennis's Introduction, then, is the fact that it presents its information in acceptable ways for modern students without compromising the level of scholarship and argumentation. The Introduction focuses on Old English literature with reference to Anglo-Latin authors and works, and provides an overview of Anglo-Saxon literary traditions and literary history. These are the subjects most necessary for all students of Anglo-Saxon literary culture to know, including set topics such as an outline of Anglo-Saxon literary history, and accounts of Germanic and Latin, oral and written, poetic and prose, and narrative and non-narrative traditions. The familiar peoples, themes, authors and sources that form the backbone of any introductory course on AngloSaxon literary history also populate the Introduction, e.g., Celts, Anglo-Saxons, English Studies Vol. 93, No. 5, August 2012, 616–620


IN PREVIOUS publications (1–3) we have reported that deficiency of the vitamin B complex in female rats seriously impairs the estrogen-inactivating function of the liver, and that this function can be restored by the addition of brewers2 yeast to the diet. The investigation presented here is concerned with the effect of vitamin B deficiency on hepatic inactivation of testosterone propionate. Unlike the estrogens, inactivation of this androgen in the liver is not significantly diminished in vitamin B complex deficiency. It has been shown (4–6) that testosterone propionate and other androgens are normally inactivated in the liver. When pellets of androgen were implanted in the spleens of previously castrated rats so that the absorbed steroid must pass through the liver before reaching the systemic circulation, no androgenic effect could be detected. If the spleen containing the pellet was subsequently transplanted subcutaneously, and after establishment of a collateral circulation, its pedicle ligated, the ...


During the heavy plate rolling process, different production steps, i.e., roll passes, descaling passes, and air cooling periods, influence the temperature evolution of the plate. All these relevant aspects are covered by a one-dimensional thermal model proposed in this paper. Experiments were conducted in a rolling mill under realistic rolling conditions to parametrise and validate the model. Using pyrometer measurements, a simple model adaption strategy is developed, which can cope with uncertainties in the initial temperature profile. The model provides accurate predictions of the temperature evolution of the plate during the whole rolling process from the plate's exit of the furnace to the last pass. Thus, it can be used for scheduling the production process. Based on the model, an observer can be designed.


approved: LOCCOST is an interactive computer program that predicts stump to mill logging costs, stumpage and net present value of a harvest based on stand data, pond value and logging parameters, entered by the user. The program is intended for use by foresters to evaluate the economics of different stand management strategies. It is also useful in deciding whether commercial thinning of existing stands is profitable. The current version is designed for use in southwestern Idaho, but minor changes could be made which would extend the applicability to other parts of the USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Region. Approximately two minutes is required to enter data, and program execution takes approximately 15 seconds, using an IBM Personal Computer. LOCCOST is compiled in BASIC and loLL4 .Julian Sessions will run on microcomputers that have at least 256K RAM and are IBM compatible. Documentation of the model and a Users' Guide are included in the Appendices. Felling and bucking, as well as yarding production, computed by LOCCOST compared favorably with other studies. Stump to truck logging costs are significantly lower than the cost estimated by the Intermountain Region Timber Appraisal Handbook. Preliminary testing of this harvest cost model, using stand data from the Boise National Forest in southwestern Idaho, suggests that the model is sensitive to such variables as tree size, species, volume per acre cut, logging system, terrain, and distance to the mill. Differences in thinning intensity, and past stand history (precommercial thinning) also result in differences in harvest cost per mbf, when modeled by LOCCOST. The results of alternative stand management strategies tested suggest that precommercial thinning may be necessary to produce profitable stands on average sites, if rotations less than 100 years are desired. LOGCOST A HARVEST COST MODEL FOR SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO


Unulcerated cutaneous lesions appeared and persisted in squirrel monkeys experimentally infected with Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis or L. b. panamensis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) numbers increased following infection, and cultured PBMCs from infected monkeys proliferated in response to parasite antigens. The responses of PBMCs to mitogens were not suppressed in infected monkeys. Elevated levels of leishmania‐specific immunoglobulins M and G were also observed. Thus, the squirrel monkey is susceptible to American leishmaniasis and is capable of responding to the infection with measurable cellular and humoral immunity.


Vegetation in arid central Asia (ACA) has been experiencing significant changes due to substantial warming and humidification since the 1980s. These changes are inhomogeneous due to the ecological vulnerability and topographic complexity of ACA. However, the heterogeneity of vegetation changes has received limited attention in the literature, which has focused more on the region's overall general features. Thus, this paper analyzes the regional heterogeneity of vegetation changes during the growing season in ACA and further explores their underlying drivers. The results reveal an antiphase trend of vegetation, with an increase in eastern ACA and a decrease in western ACA. This antiphase pattern is primarily constrained by the divergent hydrothermal and climatic contexts of different elevation gradients. At elevations higher than 300 m (in the eastern ACA), increased growing season precipitation dominates vegetation greening. Conversely, vegetation at elevations lower than 300 m (in western ACA) is influenced by growing season soil water, which is driven by winter precipitation (pre-growing season precipitation). Additionally, the temperature could indirectly impact vegetation trends by altering precipitation, soil water, glaciers, snow cover, and runoff. Our findings have implications for restoring the ecosystem and sustainable development in ACA.


Purpose – The object of this paper is to demonstrate that the promotion of altruistic behavior can in fact be regarded as an instrument of public policy. Design/methodology/approach – This objective is achieved by adapting the standard theory of consumer behavior in microeconomics to the context of an individual who is exposed to the pursuit of altruistic and self-fulfilling egoistical goals. Findings – The conceptualization permits the distinction between types of welfare benefits that emerge from the pursuit of these different goals and demonstrate the presence of a welfare benefit transformation frontier. The framework permits the evaluation of policy instruments such as tax incentives and legislations to promote altruistic behavior. Originality/value – The paper combines concepts in behavioral economics with those in standard microeconomics to demonstrate policy measures that are usually not considered within policy circles.


On the basis of study on the theory about internal control and internal accounting control and the relations between them,this paper analyzes the problems in internal accounting control in China,discusses the question about how to apply the regulations of internal accounting control.


Graphene is the single layer of carbon atoms, which shows extraordinary electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical capabilities. This research summarizes recent advances in applying graphene for energy storage, environmental engineering, and electronic devices. The two common synthetization approaches of graphene, top-down and bottom-up are illustrated. Graphene enhances lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors as electrode materials due to its excellent physical and chemical properties such as high surface area and conductivity. The preparation methods of the graphene used in electrodes are shared. It removes both inorganic and organic pollutants from water through adsorption. As a printed 3D scaffold, graphene effectively absorbs gaseous pollutants. Graphene nanostructures improve the sensitivity of the biosensors: fluorescence sensors, electrochemical sensors, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, the surface enhanced Raman scattering sensors. Highly conducting graphene paper can replace metals in flexible antennas. Graphene-metal nanocomposites transfer heat efficiently and cool electronics when dispersed in fluids. The multifunctionality and sustainability of graphene materials hold promise for nextgeneration technologies.


Pearl oyster,one of the mollusc family that produce pearl,this oyster is high valuable commodity from marine sector and has a prospect for future business development. Nowadays the production of pearl oyster is more developing than previously, at first the pearl is acquired by pearl diving but now the production is done by cultivation the oyster. And the cultivation could be said succeed if is it the quantity of mortal rate is lesser in pearl oyster spat.
The aim of this field practice work are to know and practice the technique of pendederan pearl oyster spat, analyze the growth rate and survival rate, analyze the water quality parameter along with analyze the financial aspect and moreover this field work practice be provided that will gain more knowledge, experiences, work skill and also to find out the obstacles and problem in Pendederan pearl oyster technique.
This PKL was resembled at Sea Lombok's Cultivation Bureau located in Gili Genting village, West Sekotong, West Lombok, West Southeast Nusa at 24 January until 24 February 2011. Working methods that we used in this PKL was descriptive methods with data collecting include primary data and secondary data. Data collected resemble by active participations, observations, interviews, and literature.
The pearl oyster cultivation is the one of Sea Lombok's Cultivation Bureau activity. Pearl oyster cultivation is located at 800 m from coastal area, while the water quality measured at 28-31oC, pH 7-8, salinity 30-34 ppt, soluble oxygens 4-6 mg/l, and brightness 5-7,5 m. Pearl oyster cultivation resembled naturally by using Pocket net and hanging at Long line, with dense rate 300 spat every Pocket net.
Pests that infect pearl oyster are moss animals (Bryozoans), teritip (Balanus sp.), Gelidium spp. algae species, furred poison snail (Cymatium sp.). Pearl oyster's spat sold to oyster trader around this location.


The three-dimensional Dirac semimetal (3D DSM) is a new class of material with a slew of electronic and optical properties in common with graphene, while structurally having a bulk form like real metals. In particular, the Dirac band structure of 3D DSM conferred very high optical nonlinearities much like the case for graphene. Consequently, we found that 3D DSM has respectable nonlinear plasmonic performance in comparison with graphene, while retaining the structural benefits of bulk metals, having reduced passive plasmonic losses, and is much easier to handle in fabrication facilities. 3D DSM is expected to play a strong role in providing strong optical nonlinearities for all-optical switching and at the same time offering a superior platform for nanophotonic device integration.The three-dimensional Dirac semimetal (3D DSM) is a new class of material with a slew of electronic and optical properties in common with graphene, while structurally having a bulk form like real metals. In particular, the Dirac band structure of 3D DSM conferred very high optical nonlinearities much like the case for graphene. Consequently, we found that 3D DSM has respectable nonlinear plasmonic performance in comparison with graphene, while retaining the structural benefits of bulk metals, having reduced passive plasmonic losses, and is much easier to handle in fabrication facilities. 3D DSM is expected to play a strong role in providing strong optical nonlinearities for all-optical switching and at the same time offering a superior platform for nanophotonic device integration.


Beginning with the quaternionic generalization of the quantum wave equation, we construct a simple model of relativistic quantum electrodynamics for massive dyons. A new quaternionic form of unified relativistic wave equation consisting of vector and scalar functions is obtained, and also satisfy the quaternionic momentum eigenvalue equation. Keeping in mind the importance of quantum field theory, we investigate the relativistic quantum structure of electromagnetic wave propagation of dyons. The present quantum theory of electromagnetism leads to generalized Lorentz gauge conditions for the electric and magnetic charge of dyons. We also demonstrate the universal quantum wave equations for two four-potentials as well as two four-currents of dyons. The generalized continuity equations for massive dyons in case of quantum fields are expressed. Furthermore, we concluded that the quantum generalization of electromagnetic field equations of dyons can be related to analogous London field equations (i.e., current to electromagnetic fields in and around a superconductor).


The invention discloses an E1 link-based bidirectional time-frequency synchronous transmission method and a master-slave device, and relates to communication technology. The method comprises the following steps that: A, a master station transmits a time synchronous frame to a slave station, records a synchronous frame packet transmitting time stamp T1 and inserts the time stamp T1 into the synchronous frame; B, the slave station receives the synchronous frame from the master station, records a packet receiving time stamp T2 and acquires the time stamp T1 from the synchronous frame; C, the slave station transmits a time delay request frame to the master station and records the time stamp T3 for transmitting the time delay request frame; D, the master station receives the time delay request frame transmitted by the slave station and records the packet receiving time stamp T4, and the master station transmits the time stamp T4 to the slave station; and E, the slave station acquires the time stamp T4, calculates line loop time delay D, master-slave time deviation and frequency deviation according to the acquired time stamps T1 to T4 so as to adjust local time and clock frequency, wherein information in each step is encapsulated to be in an E1 frame format. The method and the device have the advantages of no need of protocol conversion or cache and low expenditure, so data transmitting and receiving time delay jitter can be greatly reduced.


Abstract Political philosophy is an examination of distribution of power in human communities and institutions. In previous period when identity issues were the most important political approach philosophy of sport had to deal mostly with discrimination and much less with the distribution of power in sport governance. Recent scandals revealed that at the top of sport governing bodies. Even more: it exposed the political character of the distribution of unleashed power in sport. That is why it is not enough to punish ad to prevent. It is necessary to change the distribution of power, reform the models of control over political power in sport and to rethink the whole system of governance in sport. The proposal of this paper is just one short step in this direction with two points of departure: a change in initial sport's associational character of aristocratic distribution of power into contemporary state of corporation with managerial distribution of power; and political philosophy's proposals for models of democratic control at the global level.


The conversion of mechanical energy from a wind turbine into electrical energy by using an induction generator with wound rotor and a rotor resistance controller is studied. Maximum conversion efficiency occurs when the turbine is loaded such that its shaft speed varies in proportion to the random variation in wind speed. The control procedure is to sense the shaft speed and wind speed, compare their ratio to a desired value, and generate a control signal to vary the generator rotor resistance. A dynamic model for the wind energy conversion system is proposed. Results based on analogue computer simulation and limited field data demonstrate the economic feasibility of the system.


Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for diagnosing a lesion using a categorized diagnosis model. A lesion diagnosis apparatus using a categorized diagnosis model of the present invention can include: a model generation part which classifies a number of learning data into one or more categories according to a predetermined criterion, and generates and stores a categorized diagnosis model by learning the classified learning data; a model selection part for selecting at least one diagnosis model to diagnose a lesion of a patient among the stored categorized diagnosis model; and a lesion judgment part for performing diagnosis of lesion by using at least one diagnosis model selected in the model selection part and a lesion characteristics value extracted from acquired image data of the patient who is to be diagnosed. [Reference numerals] (170) Lesion diagnosis apparatus; (171) Model generation part; (173) Model selection part; (175) Lesion judgment part; (177) Integrated model generation part


ABSTRACT In order to investigate the effects of residual stress modification on the results of crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) tests in heavy thick welded joints, experiments using a submerged-arc welding (SAW) joint of an EH47 steel plate with the thickness of 70 mm and residual stress analyses by the finite element method (FEM) were performed. It was confirmed that appropriate reversed bend conditions improved fatigue precrack front shapes, and the low ratio of the fatigue precrack length to the size of the compressive plastic zone induced by reversed bending contributed to the fatigue crack shape improvement. Although the local compression with a large diameter platen was effective in improving the fatigue precrack front shape, small diameter platens were not effective even if they applied to wide ranges of specimens. In addition, specimens treated by the reversed bending showed higher critical CTOD values than those treated by local compression. According to the FEM analysis, the reversed bending introduced tensile residual stress at the mechanical notch root, although the initial residual stress distribution of the welded joint still remained a little away from the notch root. On the other hand, the initial residual stress was almost removed by the local compression with a large diameter platen. It was presumed that the initial residual stress distribution affected fatigue precrack front shapes and the critical CTOD in welded joints. The reversed bending is very useful if appropriate conditions can be used.


Supported catalysts of transition metals and their oxides are widely used for a variety of reactions. They typically consist of a high surface area oxide as support material (e.g. Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 ) and finely dispersed metal or metal oxide particles (e.g. Rh, MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 ) as active components (or their precursor) and promoters. The catalytic properties are determined by these components, their structural arrangement, and their interactions. Studies of real and model catalyst systems are reported for which low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) is used in combination with other spectroscopies, such as RBS, AES, TDS, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. The applicability of these techniques to real systems and the relevance of model catalysts is discussed. The results shown demonstrate the usefulness of these spectroscopies for the characterization of supported catalysts, in particular for the analysis of the composition and the arrangement of the topmost atomic layers. Among the examples given are special aspects of catalyst impregnation, the investigation of solid solid wetting which may be relevant to catalyst preparation and strong metal support interactions (SMSI effect) in supported Rh metal catalysts.


ABSTRACT Field-based studies conducted during the last decade reinforce the importance of continued collaboration between employers and library and information science educators in order to close the gap between the classroom and workplace. A library educator, the researcher conducted four empirical studies using a content analysis methodology specifically designed to identify the skills and competencies that catalogers and technical services librarians in the twenty-first century must possess. The analysis of 355 position descriptions and 289 survey responses enabled the researcher to identify five domains common across library types. Employers' expectations for catalogers and technical services librarians fell into these areas: education, theoretical knowledge, cataloging competencies, communication skills, and interpersonal skills (including supervision and training).


Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of deaths worldwide. However, unlike a natural disaster, it has also affected end-of-life care and funeral rites through social restrictions. Objectives Understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the grieving process. Methods A PubMed literature search for all relevant studies was conducted used terms such as "prolonged gried disorder", "grief", "mourning", "bereavement" and "COVID-19". The articles were selected after two different analysis, a first one based on their titles and abstracts and a second one based on their full texts. Results Based on the evidence extracted from these articles, it is clear that the COVID-19 pandemic has had an important effect on the bereaved population. More specifically, several articles found there to be an increase in the prevalence of severe grief symptoms caused by deaths that occur during the pandemic period, regardless of cause of death (Eisma and Tamminga 2020, Tang and Xiang 2021, Breen, Mancini et al. 2022, Downar, Parsons et al. 2022, Gang, Falzarano et al. 2022). These results were explained by the disruption the grieving cycle due to social restriction which occurred during the pandemic period. These restrictions prevented the bereaved person from saying goodbye and being present at the time of death, holding mourning ceremonies, as well as having the needed social support during the mourning period (Goveas and Shear 2020, Kokou-Kpolou, Fernández-Alcántara et al. 2020, Mortazavi, Assari et al. 2020, Tang and Xiang 2021, Downar, Parsons et al. 2022). Regarding causes of death, the result were inconsistent, namely one study found to be higher grief levels associated with COVID-19 deaths when compared to natural causes, but not when compared to unnatural deaths, such as accidents and homicides (Gang, Falzarano et al. 2022). While another study found COVID-19 deaths caused are severe grief reactions when compared to natural deaths (Eisma and Tamminga 2022). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of severe grief symptoms and therefore it is important for the scientific community to be sensitized to this effect. However, there is still a lack of studies concerning this theme, which are essential to define a course of action. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease that affects 2% of the population. Cutaneous lesions appear as erythematous plaques localized or generalized papules covered with white scales hyperkeratotic, oral manifestations and irregular erythematous lesions with elevated white borders, ulcerations and desquamative gingivitis. It may be asymptomatic or cause pain, burning and sensation of roughness. Its etiology is unknown, although the interaction between the immune system and environmental factors may activate T cells skin, epidermal keratinocytes, with increased cytokine and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The objective is to provide clinical evidence on the periodontal manifestations of patients with psoriasis, and reports a clinical case of a 62 year old male patient, who filed the anamnesis medical diagnosis of psoriasis, controlled systemically and presence of oral manifestations, was treated with mechanical therapy, periodontal and use of local antiseptics. At the end of 2 months of reassessment was a normal clinical characteristic of periodontal tissues. It was concluded that the oral lesions can present spontaneous remission or respond to systemic therapy, topical corticosteroids, mouthwash buccal or palliative therapy. Diagnosis and successful treatment that includes a proper control of dental plaque in patients with psoriasis allow control periodontal disease and reduce the appearance of severe injuries.


Coconut water and banana pulp are the most used additives in culture medium for the propagation of several species of orchids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of coconut water and banana pulp on the in vitro growth of Cattleya labiata x Cattleya forbesii . The evaluated treatments were as follows : T1 : control, T2 : 50gL -1 of banana pulp, T3 : 100 gL -1 of banana pulp, T4 : 50 mLL -1 of coconut water ; T5: 50 gL -1 of banana pulp + 100 mLL -1 of coconut water, T6 : 100 gL -1 of banana pulp + 100 mLL -1 of coconut water. The culture medium used was the Murashige and Skoog modified with half of the macronutrients concentration. The following variables were evaluated after 6 months from the beginning of the experiment: total fresh weight, aerial part height, greatest root length, number of roots, and sprout number. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and complemented by the comparison of means following Tukey's test procedures. The best results for the in vitro growth and acclimatization of C. labiata x C. forbesii were T3, T5 and T6. Additional keywords : tissue culture; nutrient media; orchids.


Aging is a process of inherent change that has separate or joint effects on the individual identity. Aging brings about physiological, psychological and other kinds of changes to the human body. The frail elderly people present a clinical syndrome which comprises of unintentional body weight loss, muscle weakness, slow walking, self-reported exhaustion and low level of physical activity among the elderly people who are over the age of 65. When these changes occur the health benefits of fitness are retained and regress slowly. It is of importance to note that although some of the changes brought by aging can't be controlled some can be controlled feasible in many of the body organs through exercise. The increasing use of preventive care, better medical management of mobility and changing lifestyles in older persons, exercise has beneficial effects on health and longevity. Psychological care plays useful part in coping with these situations. It also boosts self-esteem, self-confidence and self-worthy and therefore the purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of exercise to the aging persons and how the same helps reduce the effects of aging. This will be done by elaborating how exercise affects different body systems with age. In conclusion, the findings of this paper provide empirical evidence for the importance of supportive environments for the elderly people to continue performing meaningful occupations outdoors


A dual‐mode dual‐band rectangular waveguide filtering antenna with fourth‐order Chebyshev response is presented. First, design equations and processes of filtering networks are presented. Then, filtering antenna is constructed through cross‐shaped slot for radiation instead of the output port of filtering networks. A pair of degenerated modes are exploited in waveguide resonator design to miniaturize the whole size and form two passbands. In addition, the bandwidth can be adjusted flexibly in proper range. A prototype at C‐band is fabricated and measured, showing two operation channels of 5 to 5.05 GHz and 5.1 to 5.15 GHz with high rejection between two bands. Good agreement is achieved between the simulations and measurements, showing excellent performance in terms of filtering, out‐of‐band rejection, and gain in bands.


In the stable marriage problem, we are given a set of men, a set of women, and each person's preference list. Our task is to find a stable matching, that is, a matching admitting no unmatched (man, woman)-pair each of which improves the situation by being matched together. It is known that any instance admits at least one stable matching. In this paper, we consider a natural extension where $$k (\ge 2)$$k(≥2) sets of preference lists $$L_{i}$$Li ($$1 \le i \le k$$1≤i≤k) over the same set of people are given, and the aim is to find a jointly stable matching, a matching that is stable with respect to all $$L_{i}$$Li. We show that the decision problem is NP-complete for the following two restricted cases; (1) $$k=2$$k=2 and each person's preference list is of length at most four, and (2) $$k=4$$k=4, each man's preference list is of length at most three, and each woman's preference list is of length at most four. On the other hand, we show that it is solvable in linear time for any k if each man's preference list is of length at most two (women's lists can be of unbounded length). We also show that if each woman's preference lists are same in all $$L_{i}$$Li, then the problem can be solved in linear time.


As important oceanic environment information,the wind wave elements consist of wind wave kinematics parameters and wind wave structure parameters,which are all expressed in statistic form.The wind wave measurement has been a difficult task for a long time in ocean and water monitoring.A video and digital image system is proposed in this paper to monitor wind wave in a non-intrusive and automatic way.Through a novel inversion method of wind wave image of optical light remoting,and similarity searching recognition method,the wave crest lines can be recognizd and drawn automatically on the monitoring image.According to the crest lines of wind waves,other statistic information including wave length,wave period,wave speed,wave direction,wave age,wave height and wave steepness can be calculated and analyzed.Based on the non-linear dynamic-statistic wave spectrum model and experimental coefficients,an inverse algorithm is designed and applied to calculate wave height from wave length derived from monitoring wave crest line.The lab wind-wave-current flume and open water tests indicate that the system can provide reliable information of wind wave parameters.


The Axelrod–Hamilton games-theoretic conflict model, which applies Maynard Smith's concept of evolutionarily stable strategy to the Prisoner's Dilemma, gives rise to an inconsistency between theoretical prescription and empirical results. Proposed resolutions of thisproblem are incongruent with the tenets of the models involved. The independent consistency of each model is restored, and the anomaly thereby circumvented, by a proof that no evolutionarily stable strategy exists in the Prisoner's Dilemma.


BACKGROUND Imiquimod 5% cream is currently approved for treatment of nonfacial, superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Topical imiquimod might be a reasonable candidate for adjunctive therapy of nodular, nasal BCCs before Mohs surgery. OBJECTIVE To observe the effectiveness of imiquimod 5% cream in reducing the number of Mohs stages, defect size, cost of Mohs surgery, and reconstruction. METHODS Patients applied the study medication nightly for 6 weeks with occlusion followed by a 4-week rest period before Mohs surgery was performed. RESULTS No differences were demonstrated in the number of Mohs stages, defect sizes, or costs between the two groups, possibly because of our small sample size. Only five of 12 patients (42%) in the treatment group were found histologically clear of tumor (complete responders). CONCLUSION Imiquimod 5% cream was not helpful as an adjunctive treatment of nodular, nasal BCCs before Mohs surgery, but a larger study might show a benefit. Clearance of nodular, nasal BCCs treated with imiquimod prior to Mohs surgery was less than described in previous studies. Nasal BCCs may be more resistant to imiquimod treatment. Local inflammatory reactions limit imiquimod's usefulness in this setting. Histologic assessment of nasal BCCs treated with imiquimod is recommended.


Two dimensional atomic sheets, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), have been widely studied as electronic materials for flexible nanoelectronics applications due to the high flexibility enabled by their natural 2D layered crystal structure. However, with the growing need for both high speed and low power consumption in realistic applications, TMDs with relatively low mobility and graphene with zero band gap are facing critical challenges to satisfy practical requirements. Recently, few-layer phosphorene, a new candidate in the portfolio of 2D crystals, has demonstrated high room temperature mobility and high on/off ratio, which is very attractive for advanced flexible nanoelectronics.


Porous coordination polymer (PCP) (including metal-organic framework, MOF) is a kind of crystalline porous material formed by inorganic metal centers and organic ligands through the linkage of coordination interaction. As a new class of inorganic-organic hybrid materials, PCP has various and adjustable structure and functions, so it has great potential application in many fields such as gas adsorption separation, catalysis, sensing, which makes it a multidisciplinary research hot spot. In this review, we summarize the development and research history of the first to fourth generation of PCP on the basis of their distinctive characteristics and properties, and typical research progress in each stage was introduced. Furthermore, the challenges and development trends in this field are presented, and the practical prospects of materials are put forward.


This paper describes the rules for nullifying contract clauses for payments in foreign currencies, in Brazil, even when the conversion to national currency might occur when the obligation is due. For that purpose, this paper analyses article 318 of the new brasilian civil code and the special regulations on this subject.


tion, where two substances of low toxicity produce greater activity than can be accounted for from the additive effect. The antibiotic concentrations of 300 and 400 ,ug in combination with the cell concentrations within the limits of 5 X 105 to 20 X 105 per chick embryo were considerably more effective in potentiation of embryo death than were the 100 and 200 ug levels of antibiotic combined with cells of C. krusei.


Background: The present study investigates the effect of different concentrations of air pollutants (PM10, O3. H2S) on the function of lung. Materials & Methods: Arak and Khomain cities were divided into 10 and 5 regions, respectively. A sample of air pollutants (PM10, O3 .H2S) was measured by PSI (pollution standard index) machine randomly from spring to winter. Two random samples consisting of 1069 non-smoker residents of the two cities (522 from Khomain and 547 from Arak) were selected. Regression test mode were used to analyze data. Results: PSI in the cities Arak and Khomain was 101.83±14.54 and 89.17±18.58, respectively. Predicted values of FVC, FEVI, FEF 25-75%, MEF 50%, and PEF in Arak were 10.2%, 11.7%, 35.5%, 30.9%, and 40% abnormal, respectively. These values in Khomain were 8.8%, 11.3%, 35.4%, 33.9%, and 40.6% abnormal, respectively. The concentrations of H2S in both cities were above the standard values. There was no significant relationship between the concentrations of O3, H2S, PM10 and vital capacity. However, there was a considerable correlation between the mean of FEF, FEF 25– 75%, and concentration of O3 at P<0.001 and P=0.016 level of significance, respectively. In Arak the correlation observed between FVC and concentration of O3 was not significant. In Khomain a negative correlation was observed between VC with H2S and PM10 on one hand and FVC with H2S and PM10 on the other. Conclusion: The main pollutants in Arak was PM10 and in Khomain were H2S and O3. Measuring these pollutants throughout the year is necessary.


The cooperation of universities,enterprises and research institutes shows the characteristics of network and symbiosis distinctly.Here it introduces the symbiotic theory into the research of industry-university-institute cooperation network,puts forward the concept of industry-university-institute symbiosis network,illustrates systematically its basic characteristics,symbiosis connection's formation and function mechanism,analyses the characteristics of three typical symbiosis networks and discusses its methodological point.On this basis,it designs the "2-wheels-drive" cultivation mechanism which optimizes the industry-university-institute symbiosis network from two dimensions,namely symbiosis method and network method and reveals how the model can be applied to the practice of industry-university-institute cooperation.


The aim o this note is to describe explicitly the weakest topology on an arithmetical lattice-ordered group for which given lattice-ideal is open. This topology is utilized to treat some of ring topologies, field topologies and p-adic topologies. 1o A lattice-ordered group (abbr. 1.o. group) G=(G,., _) is called arithmetical, i it is a conditionally complete lattice, and a ree group generated by the set P of all prime elements in the cone (integral part) of G. Then G is abelian by Iwasawa's theorem or 1.o. groups [1], [2], so that each element a o G has a unique actorization in the orm" a V[ P', (p, a) e Z pP


Drug resistance is the reduction in efficacy of a drug such as an antimicrobial, anthelmintic and antineoplastic in curing a disease or condition. The various causes for antimicrobial drug resistance includes selective pressure, mutation, gene transfer, societal pressures, inappropriate drug use, inadequate diagnostics, hospital use and agricultural use of drugs. The diagnosis of drug resistance has been performed by lab tests that challenge the isolated microbes to grow and survive in the presence of the drug. In this review we discussed about some DNA sequencing methods to identify drug resistance.


Introduction Reconstruction of the torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common surgical procedure for orthopedic surgeons, especially who are interested in sports medicine. The nonanatomical conventional single-bundle reconstructive procedures fail to recreate the native anatomy of the knee. As a result of suboptimal outcomes following traditional single-bundle ACL reconstruction, there has been a growing interest in anatomic ACL reconstruction. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to compare the midterm clinical results of arthroscopic single-bundle versus double-bundle anatomical anterior cruciate reconstruction using hamstring tendons. Patients and methods From October 2006 to May 2010, arthroscopic anatomic ACL reconstruction was carried out on 152 patients with ACL, who were divided into two equal groups: group A included 76 patients who underwent arthroscopic anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction, and group B included 76 patients who underwent arthroscopic anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction. Results All patients were analyzed using the International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation form. At the end of follow-up period, which ranged from 5 to 7 years, with an average of 5.2 years (midterm follow up), the results of group A were rated as normal and nearly normal on the total subjective and objective levels in 65 (85%) patients, except in 11 (15%) patients, who were rated abnormal and severely abnormal, whereas the results of group B were rated as normal and nearly normal on the total subjective and objective levels in 69 (91%) patients, except in seven (9%) patients, who were rated abnormal and severely abnormal. The difference in the results between the two groups was statistically not significant. Regarding the complications, there have been four cases of superficial infection related to the medial wound of tendon harvest, one in group A and three in group B, which were treated with oral antibiotics with clearance of infection. Conclusion Our results have showed that the anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction technique can achieve better anteroposterior and rotational stability compared with the anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction, which is not statistically significant. Considering that the double-bundle technique is more complex, expensive, and lengthy, we recommend the single-bundle anatomical technique as the standard technique, and the double-bundle technique to be used in case of high-demand patients like elite athletes.


In this study, we investigated GaN channel layer quality to suppress drain-lag, which is an important parameter for switching performance. In this experiment, we confirmed that drain-lag performance has dependence on the tilt of the GaN channel layer. GaN channel layer with the tilt angle of 243 arcsec showed faster drain-lag recovery than the tilt angle of 209 arcsec. The results of the drain-lag test and isolation leakage current measurement indicated that the tilt angle and hopping distance contributed to drain-lag recovery. We proposed the mechanism of trap effect during the drain-lag test.


The effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and properties of twelve kinds of commercial Al alloys at -193 ℃ for 24 h was investigated preliminary. The results show that cryogenic treatment can improve the room temperature strength of 1230, 2017, 2024, 3003, 4032, 7075 and 8009 alloy but reduce the ductility of these alloys; there is not obvious change in 5254 and 2618 alloy; the room temperature strength of 6063 alloy is decreased but the ductility improved. The XRD crystallograms before and after cryogenic treatment of these alloys were studied. It reveals that the cryogenic treatment can change the diffraction peak intensity of some crystal planes in these alloys. Finally, the effect of cryogenic treatment on the elevated temperature properties of 8009 alloy at 350 ℃ and the effect of twice cryogenic treatment on the properties of 1230, 7075 and 8009 alloy were investigated. Mechanism of cryogenic treatment of Al alloys was discussed with volume shrinkage and crystal plan turn. [


Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) rear both in Mesachie Lake, B.C., and in its inlet stream. The duration and frequency of aggressive behavior were greater among stream-rearing than lake-rearing juveniles in mirror image stimulation and stream tank tests of agonistic behavior. Lateral displays made up a higher proportion of total behavior among the stream-rearing fish compared with the lake-rearing fish. Lake-type fish had more posteriorly placed pectoral fins, shallower bodies and smaller, less brightly colored dorsal and anal fins than did stream-type fish, even after 2 mo of laboratory rearing in a common environment. Diminished aggression, a shift in aggressive behavior away from lateral displays, a more streamlined shape, and reduced coloration, all appear to be adaptations to a schooling lifestyle in the open waters of the lake.


JEL codes: G11, G14, G21, G50. In a recent study we analyze the evolution and price implications of households´ (HH) holdings of stocks, using detailed information on the universe of publicly traded stocks in the euro area and aggregate sectorial ownership. The main results of this empirical work are threefold: (i) HH direct holdings represent a higher fraction of total ownership in domestic bank stocks than in non - financial corporations ' (NFC) stocks; (ii) HH holdings of stocks increase (decrease) following a decline (increase) in the stock price, especially for domestic bank stocks; and (iii) an increase in domestic HH holdings is followed by future (persistent) increases in the price of NFC stocks, but not for bank stocks. Moreover, during equity issuances, an increase in the share of domestic HH holdings is followed by a future persistent decrease in the stock price of bank stocks, but not for NFC stocks. These results are consistent with HH being liquidity providers in the stock market and, at the same time, being less sophisticated and therefore less able to acquire and process information disseminated in the marketplace (information channel). This latter effect is more prevalent in domestic banks ' stocks than in NFC, which we argue can be related to the close relationship between HH and banks.


Abstract Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) in autumn make a postbreeding/molt migration from breeding areas in western North America to hypersaline lakes in the Great Basin. We studied their biology in 2001–2006 during this phase of the annual migration near Green River, Wyoming, USA where migrants en route to Great Salt Lake, Utah land on industrial ponds. Most evidently originate in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota. The main movement extends from late July to mid-October. Migrants arrive almost daily with the cumulative percentage of transiting birds increasing by about 1% per day. Adult males and females migrate on the same schedule and precede juveniles by 2–3 weeks. Annual differences in phenology, abundance, age ratio, and wing molt vary with availability of wetland habitats in the main source area. Data on mass, body composition, energetics, and stomach contents indicate a typical flight involves a direct 2–3 day non-feeding migration, which is accomplished at night. Grebes are quiescent during the day and do not resume their migration until 45 min after sunset. We documented two undescribed vocalizations, a short-range contact note and one associated with departure. The possibility that Eared Grebe productivity, as inferred from studies of migrants through Wyoming, can provide insight into the status of waterbirds in the source area is worth further investigation.


An experimental system suitable for brushless DC motors(BLDCM) is designed.In the system,Microchip Processer MSP430 is used as the control kernel,a real-time control is carried out on the motor and running parameters of BLDCM are collected through serial communication with PC.The hardware and software communication injection between PC and Microchip Processer are designed,and the format problem in communication process is researched into.Experiment results show that the system is stable and the interface is simple,meeting the experimental and test requirements of BLDCM system.


Bamboo has excellent potential to be developed as a building material, pulp, textile, carbon sink, water-storing, and water-holding. An alternative method for plant propagation is by in vitro micropropagation (tissue culture). The cultured explants were able to grow to be a new individual having shoots and leaves. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium concentrations solely were significantly affected by the number of shoots. The addition of thidiazuron (TDZ) into media resulted in the best percentage of shoot number (80%) in all concentrations of media. Using low concentration, TDZ was able to produce more leaves than other cytokinins. The appropriate concentration of MS medium and the plant growth regulator for Betung bamboo's tissue culture is ¾ MS with the addition of 3 ppm TDZ.


The creative class approach (Florida, 2002b) has led to many developments. Therefore, measurement of creativity (Chantelot, 2010), economic influence of creative people in urban (Marlet & Van Woerkens, 2007) and rural (McGranahan & Wojan, 2007) environments, or creative people geography (Chantelot & al., 2010) and factors that shape it (Boshma & Fritsch, 2009) have been investigated. Increasingly, these works tend to substitute static considerations (who and where are creative people?) to dynamic approaches (what do the creative people?). Creativity mainly comes from talent (Florida, 2002a) but creative production is generated through collective process where social interactions, learning and diffusion of ideas predominate (Cohendet & Simon, 2008). The transition from individual to collective process particularly appears to be driven by cities, defined as privileged theaters of creativity (Hall, 1998). Hence, cities managing to convert micro or individuals ideas to macro or collective outputs can be defined as "creative cities". It sheds light on the determinant role of cities in attracting, organizing and producing creative people in order to experience virtuous path of economic competitiveness (Lucas, 1988). This communication aims to give a conceptual framework to characterize creative cities. At the urban level, it formalizes the micro / macro transition: micro level consists in talent, which includes both individuals with a creative profession directly involved in the production of innovations, new knowledge and ideas - both related to the industrial or scientific sphere (the 'creative core') and arts (the Bohemians) - or in its implementation and management on the market (the 'creative professionals' - ibid.). Therefore, the aim is to connect creative or innovative clusters of firms (where creative pro and core mainly work) with creative urban districts characterized by intense cultural and artistic, driven by Bohemians, and places of socialization and urban regeneration. This connection can be ensured by a meso level characterized by the presence of communities that facilitate the micro/macro-ideas transition to the market. The definition of these three different levels, the construction of their measure, and the way to identify their respective roles and interactions that shape the creative city structure the dynamic conceptual model we propose here.


Genetic variation based on allozyme markers was comparatively analysed among three cultured stocks (Suphan Buri, Nakhon Ratchasima and Buri Ram) of snakehead fish, Channa striata (BLOCH, 1797). On the 22 allozyme loci screened, 7 polymorphic loci were found. Genetic variabilities including per locus averages of number of averaged alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ae), allelic richness (R), observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were respectively as Na = 1.242 (1.136 – 1.318), Ae = 1.032 (1.019 – 1.049), R = 1.235 (1.136 – 1.308), Ho = 0.024 (0.012 – 0.037) and He = 0.026 (0.017 – 0.038). Non-significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P HWE >0.05) were shown in all stocks when the analyses were done over all the 22 loci. The amount of genetic variation of the 3 cultured stocks, informed by Na, Ho and He, were in the same level as those appeared in wild stocks. Genetic differentiation analyses showed non-significant differences ( P >0.02) both among and in each pair of the 3 cultured stocks and between of stocks. All the results suggested that the 3 cultured stocks had equal genetic potential which was enough for being a broodstock population of aquaculture and selective breeding. Combining the genetic information resulting from this study and the growth performance from the previous study, the suggestion is that the Buri Ram stock is the most suitable for the Buri Ram Aquaculture Genetics Research and Development Center to use for a further selective breeding program of snakehead fish, in order to have the best and most suitable strain for the Norhteast region aquaculture.


ABSTRACT The study aimed to find out how communication headmaster, the research was conducted in MTs Al- Ittihadiyah Medan. This study uses qualitative research. It is based on the consideration that this study reveals headmaster communication, qualitative research is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken of people whose behavior can be understood. The subject of research directed to the search data from the headmaster, assistant headmaster, teachers and staff as well as parents of students in MTs Al- Ittihadiyah Medan. The data collection was obtained by observation, interview and documentation study. The findings of this study as follows: 1.Communication headmaster to the maid headmaster and the teachers who terjain well and conduct meetings with the regular program, communicate to improve achievement by way of enforcing discipline in a consistent, encourage subordinates to follow the scientific activities, educational seminars, workshops and attention to the activities eskskul outside school , advocated in following the race outside the school for the students' ability megukur communication means head headmaster proportional to student achievement seen from the graduation of students reached 100%. But not always visible kedisipilanan was carried out well, because the high looks for students coming late and still look less than the maximum in the learning process. 2. Communication headmaster with parents in improving presasi students, the communication is only a short stroll the category of less as expected because the communication that exists so far only once in three years with the agenda of a meeting with the new students, parents only coordinate and communicate to the homeroom teacher madrasah classes. But the category is less visible and intertwined in communication between the headmaster with parents. Keyword: communication, head master, learning achievement


BACKGROUND
 Telehealth, mobile health and other technologies are reshaping the delivery of health care, yet barriers related to workflow and possible provider fatigue suggest that a thorough evaluation is needed for quality and process improvement.

 OBJECTIVE
 This scoping review addresses the overarching question: "What is technology-based fatigue and what are its consequences for providers?"

 METHODS
 A six-stage scoping review of 12 literature databases, from years 2000-20, focused on technology, health care and fatigue. Technologies were inclusive of synchronous video, telephone, informatics systems, asynchronous wearable sensors, and mobile health devices for health care, in four concept areas related to provider experience: 1) behavioral, cognitive, emotional and physical impact; 2) workplace at the individual, clinic, hospital and system/organizational levels; 3) well-being, burnout and stress; and 4) perceptions regarding technology.

 RESULTS
 Out of 4,221 potential literature references, 202 were duplicates, and the title and abstract of 3,837 were reviewed. Full text review of 182 revealed 12 that met full inclusion criteria during the years 2009-20. The data suggest an association between technology and fatigue, particularly related to regular video and electronic health record use. Studies assessed behavioral (8; 66.7%), emotional (4; 33.3%), cognitive (7; 58.7%), and physical (4; 33.3%) impact of workflow, at levels of the individual (11; 91.7% clinic (8; 66.7%), hospital (6; 50.0%), and system/organizational (6; 50.0%) levels; only 3 included all levels. Most health care professionals were those with medical degrees (M.D.) (8 or 66.7% psychiatrist; 2 or 16.7% radiologists); and others (4; 33.3%). All studies were based in the United States. Few studies discuss the physical environment, occupational health approaches, mobile, telework, Lean, human factor and user design approaches to workflow.

 CONCLUSIONS
 The Quadruple Aim considers provider satisfaction; longitudinal technology implementation research to further population-centered health; increase service delivery effectiveness and reduce provider workload burden, fatigue and burnout. The quadruple aim considers how to support providers as whole individuals and teams, in addition to patient-centered care. Implementation research related to technology can make service delivery more effective and potentially reduce provider workload burden, fatigue and burnout. A multi-level approach with objective measures for clinical, human factor, training/professional development and administrative workflow is suggested.

 CLINICALTRIAL
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