Background: We postulated that the preoperative correction of vitamin D levels can significantly reduce the incidence of hunger bone syndrome among patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized, open-label study on 102 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and coexisting vitamin D deficiency who were scheduled to undergo parathyroidectomy. Patients were divided into the following two groups: group I which included 52 patients who did not receive preoperative vitamin D supplementation; and group II which included 50 patients who received cholecalciferol 1000–2000 IU daily or 50000 IU weekly until they achieve vitamin D levels >20 ng/mL (group IIa = 25 patients) or vitamin D levels >30 ng/mL (group IIb = 25 patients). Results: The incidence of hunger bone syndrome in group IIb was lower than group I and group IIa (8% versus 16% versus 23%, respectively); however, this difference did not reach the level of statistical significance (p = 0.22). Patients with hunger bone syndrome were significantly younger and had higher serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, and bone mineral density at baseline than patients without hunger bone syndrome. On the other hand, patients with hunger bone syndrome had significantly lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D at baseline than patients without hunger bone syndrome (p = 0.001). The ROC curve showed that the baseline level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was not an independent discriminator of hunger bone syndrome (area under curve = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.06–0.34); p = 0.011). Conclusions: Preoperative course of vitamin D supplements has no preventive role on the postoperative incidence of hunger bone syndrome among patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and coexisting vitamin D deficiency undergoing parathyroidectomy.


The star PG 1323−086A (GSC 05544−00493) is shown to be a short-period eclipsing binary system. Photometric elements for the system are computed and reveal that the stellar components are in a marginal degree of contact (f ∼ 8%) with a small temperature difference of about 700 K. During the study of the starfield, a nearby object, HE 1323-0830, was also discovered to be variable in light. This star has been cataloged as a candidate blue straggler and is most likely a pulsating variable.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the ability of 3 instruments, the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT), the GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer (GDx), and the Optical Coherence Tomograph (OCT), to discriminate between healthy eyes and eyes with early to moderate glaucomatous visual field loss.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Forty-one patients with early to moderate glaucomatous visual field loss and 50 healthy subjects were included in the study. The HRT, GDx, and OCT imaging and visual field testing were completed on 1 eye from each subject within a 6-month interval. Statistical differences in sensitivity at fixed specificities of 85%, 90%, and 95% were evaluated. In addition, areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were compared.

RESULTS
No significant differences were found between the area under the ROC curve and the best parameter from each instrument: OCT thickness at the 5-o'clock inferior temporal position (mean +/- SE, 0.87 +/- 0.04), HRT mean height contour in the nasal inferior region (mean +/- SE, 0.86 +/- 0.04), and GDx linear discriminant function (mean +/- SE, 0.84 +/- 0.04). Twelve HRT, 2 GDx, and 9 OCT parameters had an area under the ROC curve of at least 0.81. At a fixed specificity of 90%, significant differences were found between the sensitivity of OCT thickness at the 5-o'clock inferior temporal position (71%) and parameters with sensitivities less than 52%. Qualitative assessment of stereophotographs resulted in a sensitivity of 80%.

CONCLUSION
Although the area under the ROC curves was similar among the best parameters from each instrument, qualitative assessment of stereophotographs and measurements from the OCT and HRT generally had higher sensitivities than measurements from the GDx.


The various factors of analytical chemistry teaching were studied on the view of system theory.Proposed the subject,object and teaching management of the basic teaching system.The analytical chemistry teaching system was established on the base of teachers,students,teaching content,teaching methods,examination methods,teaching process evaluation and teaching quality evaluation in seven aspects.Studied the specific measures of teaching system optimization and improved the quality of analytical chemistry teaching.


Excerpt To the editor: The recent study of Shepp and colleagues (1) highlights the complex and serious nature of cytomegalovirus pneumonitis occurring in bone marrow transplant recipients. Nine of ...


Objective To determine the concentration of curcumin and study the absorption mechanism of curcumin in Caco-2 cell monolayer model.Methods Caco-2 cell monolayer model was applied to investigate the effects of conveying times,drug concentration,and other different drug,such as ketoconazole,verapamil and piperine on the absorption of curcumin.LC/MS was used to determine the concentration of curcumin and the apparent permeability coefficient(Papp) was calculated.Results The Papps of curcumin at different concentrations before the 90 min were ranked as follows: 180240300 μg/ml.Compared with the control group,a low concentration of ketoconazole,verapamil and piperine had different promotive actions on Papp values of curcumin(P0.05).Conclusion Curcumin is nonlinear absorbed at higher concentration and highest saturated concentration appeared,which indicates that the absorption of curcumin in Caco-2 cell model should be an active transport.It can be promoted by Ketoconazole inhibiting CYP3A4 and 1A2,Piperine inhibiting glucuronidase enzyme,and Verapamil inhibiting P-glycoprotein.


In 2008, American academics Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein published Nudge: Improving Health, Wealth and Happiness. The book was a worldwide bestseller and provided readers – including many policymakers – with an engaging introduction to the field of behavioural economics. Increasing interest has subsequently been shown in policies that 'nudge' people in particular directions; drawing on major advances in our understanding that behaviour is strongly influenced (in largely automatic ways) by the context or situation in which it is placed. Nudging articulates the idea that people can be persuaded to make better decisions by simple, non-coercive changes in the 'choice architecture'. An example of a 'nudge' type policy is making participation onto the organ donor register opt out rather than opt in. This is based on the finding that people have a tendency to stick with the default option, even if it implies very different consequences. Looking beyond conventional nudging encompassing multiple behavioural contexts, research findings from the behavioural sciences are now being translated into the design of products, services and places, to encourage behaviour change. 'Behavioural design' describes the process of transforming our better understanding of human behaviour into innovative practical solutions that promote social benefit. Design-led interventions can make better choices easier or constrain behaviours by making certain actions more difficult. In everyday life, microwaves are manufactured so they do not start unless the door is closed, nozzles from diesel pumps can stop drivers putting petrol in their car and ATM machines do not dispense cash until the card and collected to prevent it being left behind. Similar thinking could lead to interventions that bridge the gap between our more sophisticated understanding of health-related behaviours and practice. In common with other areas of public policy, many existing interventions in healthcare have sought to influence decision-making by encouraging people to reflect on the choices available to them. But in many cases, it may be more effective and easier to redesign products, services and places given the recognition that physical environments contribute to healthrelated behaviours and correspondingly, altering them can be an important catalyst for behaviour change. We can see the potential impact of good design when considering how to challenge the problem of violence and aggression in emergency departments. Hospital chiefs can use a variety of strategies to reduce unsettling episodes. They can erect physical barriers between staff and service users or put up signs warning visitors of arrest for problem behaviour. But in a project supported by the Design Council, substantial improvements in patient experience and reductions in aggression and hostility were seen in two NHS emergency departments following the introduction of design-led solutions built on insights from psychologists spending time in departments identifying potential triggers of frustration and aggression. Specific changes in the physical environment included the provision of more comfortable seating and displaying live information on waiting times and the number of patients being looked after. Similar approaches have shown how designled choice architecture can encourage healthier food choices. Most of us are aware of our tendency to pick food items placed at the end of aisles or at the checkout, but a host of other phenomenon have been identified that are important in decisions about the types and quantities of food we eat. Recognising that people consume fewer calories when using smaller containers and utensils could encourage changes in the size of plates and glasses made available in public eating venues. As a result of interest in 'behavioural design', two centres have recently been established in the UK that


Sodium alginate and hyaluronic acid are being used extensively in wound care applications for their exceptional properties, including gelation, biocompatibility, exudate absorption, and the ability to provide a moist environment to the wound bed that accelerates healing. This research work presents the potential of developing silver and zinc ions loaded bioactive fibers for wound care applications with improved absorption, swelling (gelling), and antibacterial properties. The effect of loading silver and zinc on alginate/hyaluronic acid biofiber absorption, swelling (gelation), tensile and antibacterial activity were analyzed. It was found that the addition of silver and zinc salts improved the absorption, tensile, and gelation properties of alginate/hyaluronic acid fibers. Zinc-containing fibers exhibited superior properties to silver-containing fibers. The presence of hyaluronic acid influenced the release of silver and zinc ions in various liquid media with a maximum of 26 g/g absorption was observed which suggested the good wound exudate absorption capacity of the developed fibers. The developed fibers showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains.


The archaeological work also helped to dispel some misconceptions about the relocation. For example, some "old-timers" denied that there ever were guard towers or fences at the relocation centers; they claimed that the inmates were "coddled" while other Americans suffered rationing and shortages. The archaeological evidence at Manzanar proved these assertions to be false, without resorting to diatribe or rhetoric (Figure 2).


Based on the analysis of the investment principle of sports industrial investment fund, the present paper has probed into the methods of investment in the sports industrial market. It has put forward the risky investment forms (the investment forms of rights and interests type, creditor's rights type and BOT) applicable to the sports industrial investment fund of our country, and stressed some issues that must be paid high attention to by fund companies in the procedure of investment, i.e. control right, property right, policy support, law environment and so on.


In veterinary medicine, as in human medicine, infections during a clinical visit are a critical risk factor that must be avoided. While the registration of infectious diseases in human medicine is already highly standardized today, there is still considerable need to catch up in veterinary medicine, especially in the area of hygiene. This paper presents a software system for the standardized registration, surveillance, and evaluation, including cause-of-effect research, of (nosocomial) infections in veterinary medicine, called VISKIT - Veterinary Infection Surveillance Kit.


More recently, there has been in some quarters a theological move away from the Penal Substitution model of atonement primarily due to the concerns it raises about God's character. This is paralleled by a desire to replace it with a less violent approach to soteriology, with the concomitant representation of a less coercive God. This thesis addresses the biblical manifestations of divine violence across both Testaments in order to present God as one for whom violence is an extrinsic, accommodated function. Divine violence is particularly manifested soteriologically, finding its fullest expression, therefore, in the atonement. The Christus Victor Model is offered as the one best able to explicate and accommodate this divine violence. The main atonement models are assessed, revealing how each has sought to engage with, or deny, divine violence.
Firstly, God and violence are explored in order to provide an ideological, linguistic and epistemological foundation for understanding what violence is. Biblical examples of violence are then examined including both Testaments along with consideration of the Satan and the demonic realm; showing how God utilises violence in order to overcome these ontological enemies. Various atonement models are then examined, followed by a consideration of metaphor in the context of soteriology and God. Key scholars addressing violence are then assessed, followed by a section on the primacy of the Christus Victor atonement model; it is then presented as the only one which can fully incorporate the concomitant issues of God's character, divine violence and an actual, evil enemy seeking to confound both God and His purposes. Further, the Christus Victor model is presented as the only one which is ontological, expressing a view of the atonement that both acknowledges God's incontrovertible use and endorsement of extrinsic violence as well as the need to overcome an actual enemy in the Satan.


The flow field and temperature profile of an afterburning cone at various kinds of cooling were calculated by the numerical simulation method.The infrared radiation characteristics of the afterburning cone were analyzed using the calculation software.The result shows that the effectiveness of cooling with the holes and slots combination is better than that with the hole or with slots.The infrared radiation intensity of afterburning cone decreases to 68.49% at the colling with the holes and slots.


This note addresses the question of convergence of critical points of the Ambrosio–Tortorelli functional in the one-dimensional case under pure Dirichlet boundary conditions. An asymptotic analysis argument shows the convergence to two possible limits points: either a globally affine function or a step function with a single jump at the middle point of the space interval, which are both critical points of the one-dimensional Mumford–Shah functional under a Dirichlet boundary condition. As a byproduct, non minimizing critical points of the Ambrosio–Tortorelli functional satisfying the energy convergence assumption as in (Babadjian, Millot and Rodiac (2022)) are proved to exist.


The Affordable Care Act (ACA) greatly impacts the lives of individuals with disabilities, for whom health coverage could directly affect employment options. This report from the National Council on Disability used a literature review, interviews with stakeholders from disability organizations in ten states, and a review of ACA‐related state policies to analyze the ACA's impact on people with disabilities. Several provisions of the ACA impacted the disability community, including the expansion of Medicaid eligibility to adults with incomes at or below 138% of the federal poverty level (FPL), the newly established health insurance marketplaces, and options to improve Medicaid coverage of long‐ term services and support. The authors found that there is a clear need for research focused on people with disabilities and their experiences with the ACA to better serve that population.


The origin of half of the heavy elements remains a very challenging problem from both the astrophysics and nuclear physics perspectives. The r-process requires extreme neutron-rich conditions and involves very neutron-rich nuclei which have not yet been produced in the laboratory. We discuss here the state of the art and open issues in both of these extreme aspects. Progress for the two favored astrophysical sites, neutrino-driven winds and neutron-star mergers, is discussed, combined with the impact of the nuclear physics uncertainties on the observed abundances.


The invention belongs to the field of food processing, and discloses a meaty seasoning with edible fungi flavor and a preparation method and application thereof. The meaty seasoning with the edible fungi flavor is prepared from edible fungi or edible fungi leftovers with different flavors and other food raw material components in the following mass ratio: based on 1,000 milliliters of flavoring liquid, 100 to 200 grams of mushroom or leftovers thereof, 50 to 100 grams of pleurotus eryngii or leftovers thereof, 50 to 100 grams of needle mushroom or leftovers thereof, 15 to 20 grams of xylose, 20 to 40 grams of glucose, 5 to 10 grams of salt, 2 to 3 grams of glycine, 2 to 3 grams of alanine, 5 to 10 grams of cysteine, 3 to 5 grams of thiamin hydrochloride and the balance of water. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and feasible, and prepares the meaty fragrant seasoning with the edible fungi flavor. The meaty seasoning with the edible fungi flavor can be used for preparing flavoring.


The paper sets forth comprehensive basics of Discrete Thermodynamics of Chemical Equilibria (DTD), developed by the author during the last decade and spread over series of publications. Based on the linear equations of irreversible thermodynamics, De Donder's definition of the thermodynamic force, and the Le Chatelier principle, DTD brings forward a notion of chemical equilibrium as a balance of internal and external thermodynamic forces, acting against a chemical system. The basic expression of DTD is a logistic map that ties together energetic characteristics of the chemical transformation in the system, its deviation from true thermodynamic equilibrium, and the sum of thermodynamic forces, causing that deviation. System deviation from thermodynamic equilibrium is the major variable of the theory. Solutions to the basic map define the chemical system domain of states comprising bifurcation diagrams with four areas, from true thermodynamic equilibrium to chaos, having specific distinctive meaning for chemical systems. The theory is derived from the currently recognized ideas of chemical thermodynamics and binds classical and contemporary thermodynamics of chemical equilibria into a unique concept. DTD opens new opportunities in understanding and analysis of equilibria in chemical systems. Some new results, included in the paper, have never been published before.


When reading old Norse epics, scholars have been astonished that the iron-age warrior Starkad and the Icelandic farmer Egil Skallagrimsson belong to the group of Norse heroes. The two of them constantly violate the ethics of the hero through ferociousness and greed. However, their behavior might be understood if related to the dual aspects of the chief Norse god Odin: just as the ordinary heroes, called Odin-heroes, with the god Balder as the prototype, reflected the "light" side of Odin's aspects as ruler, warrior and sage, Starkad and Egil seem to reflect hos "darker" aspects as sorcerer and the god of the slain. Such a relationship makes the behavior of Starkad and Egil more understandable. The existence of Odin-heroes reflecting the somber aspects of the god may even shed an interesting side-light on the bard as literary figure in Norse epics, where the bards often seem unable to adapt to ordinary life but instead disrupt the harmony and cause sanguinary conflict by their actions.


In the paper,the stress distribution of adhesive tongue-and-groove joints for composite laminates were analyzed with the finite element method,the risk region for strength on the structure is defined,finding that the weak region of the structure is located on the adhesive.By taking the uncertainty of the material properties and thickness of adhesive caused by the processing technology into consideration,using the material properties and thickness of adhesive as random variables,the strength reliability analysis of the adhesive tongue-and-groove joints were completed with the help of MSC.Patran/Nastran by using the Monte-Carlo Method,Quadratic Response Surface Method,Advanced First Order Second Moment Method and Importance Sampling Method.The results of these reliability analysis methods showed that the time used by Monte-Carlo method was longer than that of other methods when the calculation results were approximate equivalent.And the results obtained by Quadratic Response Surface Method and Importance Sampling Method were more approximate to that of Monte-Carlo Method.So,using Second Response Surface Method and Importance Sampling Method to complete the reliability analysis of the structure can not only ensure the precision of the computing result,but also save the computing time.


Outlines criteria for objecting to a notification of intent to import foreign hazardous wastes and establishes procedures for U.S. facilities to respond to such a denial.


On 20 September 2001, before a joint session of Congress, President George W. Bush addressed the American people and named Osama bin Laden and the al Qaeda terrorist network responsible for the 11 September attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. He also condemned the Taliban regime in Afghanistan for aiding and abetting al Qaeda. Bush said, "Our enemy is a radical network of terrorists, and every government that supports them," and that the war on terrorism "will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated."1 Ostensibly, the only terrorist group with demonstrated global reach was (and still is) al Qaeda. In an October radio address to the nation, the rhetoric began to shift slightly and subtly when the president stated that "America is determined to oppose the state sponsors of terror" and that the "enemy is the terrorists themselves, and the regimes that shelter and sustain them." And instead of a war against terrorist groups with global reach, Bush spoke of a "global campaign against terror."2 In a November Rose Garden ceremony, welcoming back aid workers Heather Mercer and Dayna Curry, who had been rescued from Afghanistan, President Bush remarked, "If anybody harbors a terrorist, they're a terrorist.


Power Spilt Device (PSD) is the key power component of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), and it affects dynamic performances and fuel consumption of HEV. The dynamic contact analysis of PSD gear train is difficult, as it is time-consuming and complex to set calculation parameters. This paper presents a method for dynamic contact analysis of PSD gear train using ABAQUS software. Three working conditions are chosen to simulate the dynamic contact pressure. The work in this paper provides an effective simulation method for obtaining dynamic contact characteristics of PSD gear meshing.


The issue of this article is topical because of the need to improve the effectiveness of socio-economic development of Russia, its regions on the basis of adopted and implemented national projects. The corresponding Decree of the President of the Russian Federation defines national goals and strategies of development of the state and society for the period of at least 2024. Russian government has been set quiyte an ambitious and achievable goal of the Russian economy entering the top five economies in the world. This article uses data contained in passports of national projects implemented in the Russian Federation, as well as World Bank statistics for the period 2013–2018 and the analysis of these data, which allowed the authors to draw appropriate conclusions about the effectiveness of the existing economic policy implemented by the Government of the Russian Federation. The continuation of the existing economic policy of the Government of the Russian Federation deprives Russia of motivation and makes the production of entire industries of the country unprofitable.


Changing the oxidation state of redox-active ligands is a powerful method for electrochemically controlling the reactivity and selectivity of bound transition metals (see drawing on the right). In some cases reaction rates can be increased by many orders of magnitude simply by removing an electron from a metal-ligand complex. In the case of polymeric redox-active ligands, a continuous range of properties can be achieved for the transition metal complex.


We provide explicit equations for moduli spaces of Drinfeld shtukas over the projective line with $\Gamma(N)$, $\Gamma_1(N)$ and $\Gamma_0(N)$ level structures, where $N$ is an effective divisor on $\mathbb{P}^1$. If the degree of $N$ is high enough, these moduli spaces are relative surfaces. We study some invariants of the moduli space of shtukas with $\Gamma_0(N)$ level structure for several degree $4$ divisors on $\mathbb{P}^1$.


The introduced cultivation of Parakmeria yunnanensis had been studied during the years of 2002-2006.The paper introduces a series of tending techniques for the species from seed collecting,processing,storage,sowing,seedling tending to cultivation.The results show the average height of 5-year-aged seedling as 5.27m,and root diameter as 9.72cm.It is regarded that it is worth extensive planting in southern part of Yunnan.


Measurements were made of the vapor pressures of zirconium tetrafluoride by using a torsion effusion apparatus. The temperature dependence fit the equation: log(p/Pa) = (15.20 ± 0.15) − (11 900 ± 200)/(T/K) (from 685 to 828 K). The compound vaporizes congruently in the monomeric form. With treatment of the measured vapor pressures by second- and third-law methods, the standard sublimation enthalpy ΔsubH°(298 K) = (239 ± 2) kJ·mol−1 was obtained.


The invention relates to a coordinate measuring machine (24) in bridge or portal construction for measuring a work piece (7) comprising a mobile along a first guide sleeve (4) with power cables, a measuring head (5), a movable measuring portal (2) or a movable gangway (2) with a measurement carriage (3) and a measuring table (1) is positioned on the workpiece (7) for measuring, said supply cable of the spindle (4) between the spindle (4) and the measuring slide (3) of the mobile measuring portal (2) or the mobile measuring bridge (2) by means of a bearing (36) along its own from the guide of the spindle (4) separate second guide (26) are guided, so that the entry of transverse forces and moments on the spindle (4 ) is reduced by the supply cable. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for measuring a work piece (7) by means of a coordinate measuring machine (24) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the coordinate measuring device (24) along a first guide movable spindle (4) with power cables, a measuring head (5), a mobile measuring portal (2) or a mobile measuring bridge (2) with a measurement carriage (3), a measuring table (1) on which the workpiece (7) is positioned for measuring and comprises at least one drive for moving the supply cable, wherein the drive by a control unit (9) of the coordinate measuring device (24) receives control signals, whereby the supply cable by means of a bearing (36) along its own of a first guide of the spindle (4) separate second guide (26) are moved, so that the entry of transverse forces and moments is reduced to the spindle (4) by the supply cable.


The subject of property is the key-stone that completes the fabric of political justice. --William Godwin, Political Justice (2.420) The purpose ... of early instruction is not absolute. It is of less importance, generally speaking, that a child should acquire this or that species of knowledge, than that, through the medium of instruction, he should acquire habits of intellectual activity. It is not so much for the direct consideration of what he learns, that his mind not be suffered to lie idle. The preceptor in this respect is like the incloser of uncultivated land; his first crops are not valued for their intrinsic excellence; they are sown that the land may be brought into order. The springs of the mind, like the joints of the body, are apt to grow stiff for want of employment. They must be exercised in various directions and with unabating perseverance. In a word, the first lesson of a judicious education is, Learn to think, to discriminate, to remember and to inquire. --William Godwin, The Enquirer(1) ONE OF THE MOST FREQUENTLY CITED JUDGMENTS OF GODWIN'S WORK and of his place in the British radical tradition of the 1790's is William Hazlitt's claim, in The Spirit of the Age, that "no one was more talked of, more looked up to, more sought after, and wherever liberty, truth, justice was the theme, his name was not far off." "Tom Paine," he continued, "was as a Tom Fool to him, Paley an old woman, Burke a flashy sophist."(2) Godwin has rarely fared so well since that time. Marilyn Butler's account, in her "Introductory Essay" to Burke, Paine, Godwin, and the Revolution Controversy is a bit more reserved: "[n]o other production of the pamphlet war achieved the impact or the notoriety of Paine's Rights of Man," but coupled with it, Political Justice, she argues, remains one of the most significant publications of the era.(3) Much of the critical debate about Godwin's work focuses on just this question: what is his place in the radical tradition? Most studies rightly pay particular attention to his (rather critical) relationship with the leaders of the political association movement as a central context for his work. But readers--in our day as in Godwin's--have been quite divided on the question of Godwin's commitment to revolutionary principles.(4) Mark Philp has made a compelling argument that E. P. Thompson's critique that Godwin was not seriously engaged in radical political action (which he takes more seriously than as a merely polemical use of Godwin to make his case against contemporary Marxists) "mis-characterises Godwinism" (228). And Butler has called attention to Godwin's great "courage" during the repressive years from 1792-94 in defending radicals accused of treason and criticizing all forms of government.(5) Philp argues that Godwin and his circle, who played a pivotal role in the development and testing of the premises of Political Justice, sought to "transform a theoretical discourse based on private judgment into a practical reality." He also asserts that Godwin's readers--in particular his immediate circle of Rational Dissenters--would have recognized that private judgment involved a duty to act (228-30). Indeed, Philp goes so far as to say that this context (of Godwin's close circle) makes his much mocked optimism about the eventual withering away of government as individuals govern themselves by the dictates of reason and mutual correction intellectually defensible and "empirically grounded." This group, Philp argues, actually practiced the kind of rationally "self-regulating and cohesive" mutual self-government Godwin advocated (96-98; 170-74). Since Philp's influential argument articulates the grounding of Godwin's conception of private judgment which I take as my subject, it merits a brief discussion here. Philp argues that Godwin owes his central belief in the "sanctity of private judgment" to the tradition of Rational Dissent.(6) Godwin was not simply aware of this tradition, but was, more crucially, steeped in its intellectual heritage and practically involved in its social circles. …


The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of the studied equipments to locate the foramen exit position correctly, fundamental data for working length determination. Twenty extracted superior central incisors, totaling twenty canals, were used in this experiment. Measurements were executed at the point "0.5" of the new Romiapex A-15 apex locator unit (Romidan, Israel) and at the second green mark indication of the Root ZX II (J. Morita, USA) apex locator unit. Once obtained the electronic reading, the file used as electrode was fixed in position. The gauging of the results was accomplished by wearing one of the external radicular walls of the root apical third, and direct visualization with aid of a surgical microscope. The results indicated that, on average, Romiapex A-15 indicated measures 0,24mm (±0,30) short of the exit of the apical foramen, and Root ZX II 0,21mm(±0,25), not presenting significant differences between the two devices. The analysis of the results indicated that all measurements were inside of an acceptable clinical limit, demonstrating that the tested devices are precise and reliable in the determination of the foramen exit position.


In the design of concurrent and distributed systems, modularity and refinement are basic conceptual tools. We propose a notion of refinement/abstraction of local states for a basic class of Petri Nets, associated with a new kind of morphisms. The morphisms, from a refined system to an abstract one, associate suitable subnets to abstract local states. The main results concern behavioural properties preserved and reflected by the morphisms. In particular, we focus on the conditions under which reachable markings are preserved or reflected, and the conditions under which a morphism induces a bisimulation between net systems.


Periostal new bone formation can be observed as a symptom secondary to numerous diseases. In gastrointestinal disease this hypertrophic osteoarthropathy occurs very rare. The present case report demonstrates an extensive periostal proliferation involving the long bones in a 14 years old girl with longstanding ulcerative colitis.


This partially annotated bibliography of over eight hundred items essentially focuses on the impact Latin America has made on Poland. Although Latin American literature and its translation into Polish forms the book's nucleus, there is material relating to many other areas, including political science, sociology, history, economics, geography, travel, and religion. Of particular interest, however, are articles and literary criticism from the Polish perspective on contemporary Latin American literature, demonstrating the impact the modern novelistic "boom" has had in other parts of the world. Communist, socialist, leftist, Marxist, or at least anti-yanqui, antiimperialist writers are more likely to be translated into Polish and widely commented upon by writers, critics, and academicians. And since that stance is widespread among the Latin American intelligentsia, who can dispute Jorge Amado, Pablo Neruda, Alejo Carpentier, and Miguel Angel Asturias as the most widely translated and discussed Latin American authors in the Polish context? It is somewhat surprising, however, that among the more contemporary writers, Carlos Fuentes and Octavio Paz do not seem so widely disseminated; instead, Julio Cortazar is among those who have most successfully crossed the Polish border. It is to be expected that, relatively speaking, an apolitical but definitely antitotalitarian writer (although one with impressive international credentials) is not so well regarded among the Poles: namely, Jorge Luis Borges. It is also obvious that there would be, and is, strong interest in Cuban literary activity. Thus, two Latin American poetry anthologies published in Polish translation are minutely annotated, one broadly representative of Latin America, the other specifically focusing on Cuba. The substance of the book is bibliographical and the bulk of it deals with literature and history, but there is a great deal more. There are lists of books in Spanish (by Poles) about Poland or Latin America, and Polish literature translated into Spanish; and lists of Polish publishers (although, significantly, there is only one exporter of Polish books). There are also entries on such topics as relations between Poland and Latin America in cultural exchange and technical and scientific research; Latin American cultural activities in Poland; immigration; and the Polish language. In a carefully organized and thoroughly indexed work such as this one, it is relatively easy to find material referring to a specific aspect of Latin America: country, genre, author, area of study, or particular discipline. Although some seemingly necessary annotations are lacking, this valuable enumeration of little-known but important source materials is impressive. A broad and detailed work, it provides a guide to the impact, role, and significance


Visible light communication (VLC) is one of the alternative optical-based wireless communication that can substitute the role of radio frequency (RF) communication because the RF cannot reach a very closed room (eg a basement or underground place). There are various of VLC applications in which one of them is light fidelity (LiFi) for secure/private internet access through the available lighting infrastructure (LED bulb). In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and demonstration of the TCP/IP data-exchanged over visible light within two computers in which the system architecture is efficient and compliance with IEEE 802.15.7. It is built with low-end components. This short paper is brief discussion version from our previous research involving: Data-network selection, System-on-chip (SoC) development, booting the Xillinux OS [9], MAC layer design in Python language [10] and its evaluations. This paper will more highlight the physical part (PHY layer) of the analog front-end transceiver.


The paper describes interdisciplinary research that has produced systems and devices to support the work of architecture, engineering and construction. Spatial computing facilitates the production of abstract and literal spaces for collaboration and teamwork, modelling and experimentation with 3D sites and terrains, bridging between digital and physical materials, mobility, and ambience, with the flexible combination of systems and devices as they are needed.


This research aims to analyze the influence of variables are considered to have an influence on the value of the company in the mining company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2015. Factors examined in this study is institutional ownership and foreign ownership, the value of the company and disclosure of corporate social responsibility as a moderating variable. The method used is descriptive analysis method and statistical analysis. The data used in this study is 62 samples data. hypothesis testing using the F test, t-test, r2 and moderated regression analysis (MRA) with a significance level (a) of 0.05. The results of this study indicate that institutional ownership has an influence on mining companies the value of the company. However, the variable of foreign ownership has no impact on the mining company's enterprise value. disclosure of corporate social responsibility as a moderating variable does not have the effect of institutional ownership and foreign ownership in the company's value.

Keywords : institutional ownership, foreign ownership, firm value, and corporate social responsibility.


: Absenteeism is defined as the absence of employees from work. Nursing is considered a largest department of medical institutions because nursing staff comprises 40–60% of total human resources working in hospitals and their absenteeism cause shortage of nurses which has direct effect on patient care and on the productivity of an organization. Nurse's absenteeism is a global issue because this worsens the existing shortage of nurses. In Punjab Institutions of Cardiology nurses were faced with challenges like poor working conditions as well as physical exhaustion from the workload. These are the factors that contributing to nurse absenteeism in PIC Lahore. Determine the factor of absenteeism among nurses of Punjab Institute of Cardiology. Descriptive cross-sectional study design used to determine the factors of absenteeism among nurses. The study was carried out in PIC Lahore. Sample size was 187 which draw from target population 350 nurses working in PIC Lahore. Participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The results show that 70.29% participants agreed that they being absent from work place due to workload because they have enough work at clinical site and they also perform duty in their absent colleague. The study findings show that 67.5% participants agreed that physical working conditions like excessive light, temperature, noise, and overcrowding, working environment were not favorable for them and they consider it contributing factor of their absenteeism. Absenteeism has become a major challenge for health care organizations. The study concludes and recommends that the physical working conditions of the hospital need to be improved for the accommodation of employees' basic needs and the management should maintain staff patient ratio because it put pressure on nurses as excessive workload and this leads to absenteeism among nurses.


Cutaneous hemorrhage often occurs in daily life which may cause infection and even amputation. This research aims to develop a novel chitosan dressings impregnated with ZnO/N-halamine hybrid nanoparticles for quick antibacterial performance, outstanding haemostatic potential, high porosity, and favorable swelling property through combining sonication and lyophilization processing. After 30 days of storage, about 90% bacterial cell viability loss could be observed towards both gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) within 30 min of contact by colony counting method. The hybrids assembled much more platelet and red blood cell as compared with pure chitosan control. Moreover, the lower blooding clotting index value gave evidence that these composites could control hemorrhaging and reduce the probability of wound infection. No potential skin irritation and toxicity were detected using in vitro cytocompatibility and skin stimulation test. Therefore, this work demonstrated a facile and cost-effective approach for the preparation of N-halamine-based hybrid sponges which show promising application for wound dressings.


In a non-aqueous battery electrode group, the positive electrode plate 2 and the negative electrode plate 3 is wound through a porous insulator 4. The positive electrode plates (2), has a double-sided coating portion 74 and the core material exposure portion (78). The core material exposure portion 78 is located in the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the positive electrode plate 2, the core material exposure portion 78 is connected to a current collecting lead 70. A negative electrode plate 3 has a two-sided coating portion 14 and the exposed core portions 18 and the one surface (片面) application unit (17). Both surfaces of the both-side coated portion 14 is formed with a groove 10 of a plurality of inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the negative electrode plate 3, the one-side coated portion 17 is not formed with a trench (10). In a non-aqueous battery, the electrode assembly core material exposure portion 18 a negative electrode plate (3) so that the winding termination end is wound.


Visual communication has become a trend in health education during the COVID-19 pandemic specially the use of infographics. The purpose of this study is to determine the visual preference of the respondents on COVID-19 infographics with different language used among the residents of Ricarte Norte, Diffun, Quirino. Descriptive-correlational study was conducted among selected residents at Purok 4, Ricarte Norte, Diffun, Quirino through non-probability convenience sampling technique. Questionnaire consist of 2 parts. The first part focused on the profile of the respondents. On the other hand, the second part concentrated on the respondents' perception regarding the visual preference of infographics on Covid-19 in terms of different designs and language used using the Likert scale. Data were gathered through face-to-face. The result revealed that the over-all visual preference of the respondents on COVID-19 infographics was "Fairly Preferred" but specifically, each group of the respondents exhibit unique and different visual preference on the COVID-19 infographics. The study revealed further that there was no significant difference as to the perception made by the respondents on their visual preference on the COVID-19 infographics and there exists a significant relationship between the assessed visual preference of the respondents on COVID-19 infographics with the used of the different language domain with their profile variables. Keywords: visual preference; infographics; covid-19


We study unitary precoding for multistream MIMO systems with partial channel state information at the transmitter. We introduce a quantization scheme in which the full space of non-equivalent precoding matrices is partitioned into Grassmannian and orthogonalization parts. The Grassmannian part is used for maximizing the power after precoding and the orthogonalization part is used for removing cross talk between the data streams. We show that orthogonalization improves the attainable capacity when the receiver is linear. We give a parametrization for the non-equivalent orhogonalization matrices and a metric which measures the orthogonality of the transmission. Optimal orthogonalization codebooks for two-stream transmission are presented. When feedback is limited, the optimal partitioning of feedback bits between Grassmannian and orthogonalization parts becomes an issue. In correlated scenarios, the number of feedback bits may be significantly reduced by investing bits into the orthogonalization part.


The COD, volatile acid, oxidation reduction potential(ORP), alkalinity and pH value of the EGSB reactor during the abnormal operation period were tested and analyzed.The results showed that, ORP was a sensitive factor of the EGSB reactor, and its online monitoring could be easily achieved, therefore, it could be used as an indicative parameter in practical engineering to show whether the reactor is running well during the anaerobic reaction.


In this paper conservative nite diierence schemes for scalar conservation laws are studied. Lax-Wendroo (L-W) schemes, Engquist-Osher (E-O) schemes and monotone schemes are models for this study. A weighted L 2 (R)-norm space is constructed to show linear and nonlinear stability of a discrete shock proole connecting two ends (u l ; u r). Existence of discrete shock prooles with small perturbation of the ends (u 0 l ; u r) and its nonlinear stability are shown. The discrete shock prooles with diierent end states (u 0 l ; u r) and (u l ; u r) are compared.


A common assumption about the function of gender agreement in discourse is that it serves referent identification and reference tracking. There is some evidence in favour of this view, and an increasing body of research which finds no foundation for it; this study further supports the latter perspective. It is based on a fully annotated corpus of the Papuan language Mian and uses a noteworthy property of the Mian agreement system: object agreement in transitive verbs is "sporadic", i.e. it depends on the lexical type of a transitive verb whether it agrees with its object. Therefore we can measure whether speakers of Mian manipulate overt vs. null arguments in discourse to compensate whenever lack of agreement might make argument reference ambiguous. The results clearly show that the proportions of overtly realized objects for agreeing verbs and non-agreeing verbs do not differ significantly, thus lending little support to the claim that gender agreement serves a major function in reference tracking in discourse.


The occupancies and spatial distribution of electrons for 4d-orbitals in pure molybdenum have been experimentally determined by a charge density study from synchrotron radiation x-ray powder diffraction. There are valence charge density maxima in interatomic positions indicating bond formation. The electron deficiencies of Γ12 orbitals were visualized in the observed static deformation density. An electron deficiency of ∼0.5 was observed from the orbital population analysis through multipole refinement. The occupancies and spatial distribution have also been calculated by a density functional theoretical calculation using WIEN2k packages for comparison. The observed features agree well with the theoretical study. In addition, the observed charge density has more covalent bonding character than the theoretical one. The present study confirms that a state-of-the-art x-ray charge density study can reveal the spatial structure of d-electrons in 4d-system.


Controlling drug use—a dynamic, global, politicalized process—is reviewed in terms of selected types of drugs, "natural levels" of drug demand and use, drug markets and the drug market environment, types of traffickers, illicit drug trade profits, approaches to drug control ("War on Drugs", "Zero Tolerance" programs and policies, "normalizing" and legalizing selected drugs), including UN's then relatively recent "Balanced Approach" and facets of drug law enforcement (drug prices and purity levels and values of drug seizures), including various rarely noted benefits to intervention programs and control agents. Unresolved issues and needed "tools" are noted while considering the implications of the first UN's World Drug Report data.


The hypothenar muscles frequently present anatomical variations. A very rare variation was found in the hypothenar region of the left hand of a 65-year-old male during routine cadaver dissection. The muscle originates as a flat tendon in the distal third of the forearm, runs latero-medially anterior to the median nerve, flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, ulnar nerve, and ulnar artery, and lies behind the pal-maris longus muscle, crossing anterior to the Guy-on's canal (Fig. 1). It is inserted onto the head of the fifth metacarpal bone and on the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the fifth finger. This muscle receives dual innervations from branches of the ulnar and median nerves. A branch of the ulnar nerve proper, given off in the distal third of the forearm before entering the Guyon's canal runs distally and concomitant with the ulnar nerve proper, and then penetrates the posterior surface of the variant muscle in its middle third. A branch of the median nerve, arising in the superior third of the forearm, runs distally for a long distance (15 cm) accompanying a median artery and then penetrates the posterior surface of the variant muscle near its origin. Another very rare muscle, previously described by Caroli (1868), was found in this hypothenar region: the pisianularis muscle (Fig. 1), from the retinaculum flexor to the pisiform bone. Most textbooks (Rose and Gaddum-Rosse, 1997;


Harold Maurice Abrahams (1899–1978) – the British-Jewish athlete made famous by the film Chariots of Fire – won gold for Britain in the 100 m sprint in the 1924 Paris Olympics. Far from being the 'outsider' depicted in Chariots of Fire, however, Abrahams' 'Anglicisation' was extensive and played an important role in his life before, during and after his athletics career. Abrahams' integration went hand-in-hand with his sporting success – something which was celebrated by British Jewry. Such was his assimilation, that by 1936 – a year when Abrahams courted controversy over his stance on the Berlin Olympics – he was criticised for having 'lost' all attachment to the community of his birth. In contrast to the film, where Abrahams is seen to be 'too Semitic', the Bedford athlete was actually 'thoroughly Anglicised'. A desire to move into or support middle-to-upper class British society characterised Abrahams' personal and sporting life much more so than his Jewishness. As time progressed, Abrahams' Jewish origins meant less and less, both to Harold himself and to those around him.


Orthogonal polyphase code signal plays a very important role in netted combat radar system and the electronic counter-countermeasures(ECCM) of synthetic aperture radar(SAR).A new design scheme of generating the signal was proposed using hyper chaotic sequences.Based on the requirement of radar performance,some methods on optimizing the correlation properties of hyper chaotic sequences were introduced,in which that solving the maximal set of cross-correlation is a maximum clique problem was pointed out for the first time and its simple but effective solving method was put forward.The simulated results show that the signal accords with independent identical distribution,has higher complexity than conventional chaotic sequences(larger than 1.2),and provides a large number of code sequences,what's more,the sidelobe level of it is 10 dB lower than that of Frank polyphase code after the coherent accumulation of pulses,which is suitable in netted radar system and ECCM environment.


We evaluated local control of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with Cyberknife, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). CyberKnife, SBRT system with real-time tumor tracking has good efficacy and low toxicity.54 patients with 67 liver-confined HCC were treated with Cyberknife. Fiducials were im-planted in the liver before treatment and were used as markers to track the lesion's movement. A total dose of 30 to 60 Gy in three fractions was prescribed to the 80% isodose line. Treatment response was evaluated by RECICL, CR: 82%, PR: 16%, PD: 2%. The local control rate was 92.3% at 1 year. Cyberknife was a safe, ef-fective, noninvasive option for patients with HCC.


Background Effective postoperative pain control is an important factor for the success of rehabilitation programs. Adductor canal block (ACB) is a recently developed technique. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the application of ACB in patients who underwent knee surgery. Methods We performed ACB guided with ultrasonography for patients who underwent knee surgery. ACB was performed 14 days after surgery in the outpatient clinic with a ropivacaine mixture. The pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) every two days. Results In this study, 115 patients were included. The mean score of VAS before ACB on the fifth, seventh, and ninth days was 7.4, 7.2, and 6.2, respectively. Mean VAS was significantly decreased after providing the intervention. However, the VAS score was increased gradually until the 23rd day and then flattened. Analgesic (etoricoxib) consumption was 102 mg, 98 mg, and 98 mg in postoperative days (POD), 5th, 7th, and 9th, respectively. Analgesic consumption was significantly decreased (16 mg) after ACB (POD 15th) and gradually increased in PODs 17th, 19th, and 21st. Only one patient complained of thigh hematoma after the ACB procedure. Conclusions Single-shot ACB, provided in outpatient clinics, is a safe intervention that could significantly decrease both pain and analgesic consumption. It may enhance the postoperative rehabilitation program.


Fossil woods representing Pometia of Sapindaceae, Mangifera of Anacardiaceae and Lagerstroemia of Lythraceae are described here from the Tertiary beds near Hailakandi, Assam. Petrified woods of Pometia and Lagerstroemia are known for the first time from India. These are of interest with regard to their palaeogeographical distribution.


A series of tax and benefit reforms directly affecting household incomes have been introduced in Poland in the years 2006−2011. At that time, the disability rate of Social Security Contributions (SSCs) and tax rates on personal income were lowered and a generous income tax credit for families with children was implemented. Apart from that values of family benefits and social assistance were increased with simultaneous drop in the real value of income criteria for these benefits. Taking advantage of the microsimulation model SIMPL we demonstrate that the entire package of reforms increased household incomes by from 1.7% to 2.2% of the GDP depending on the assumed incidence of reductions of employers' social security contributions. With legislated incidence of SSCs incomes of 8.2% of households grew by more than 10%. Assigning entire reductions in employers' SSCs to employees, incomes of as many as 16.7% of households grow by at least 10% as a result of the changes. At the same time however, about 8% of households experienced falling incomes, mainly as a result of freezing of the nominal parameter values of the tax and benefit system. We demonstrate that the proportional gains over the period have been distributed fairly equally by decile groups. The package of reforms introduced from 2006−2011 increased the value of the Gini coefficient by 0.46 percentage points.


This study examines spoken interlanguage of Korean learners of English, focusing on the distribution of modal verbs and devices of epistemic modality....


We consider two models of discretized string theories with an action which depends on the extrinsic curvature and prove that the string tension vanishes as the coupling strength of the extrinsic curvature tends to infinity. We discuss the physical properties of the models and argue that they possess a nontrivial scaling limit.


How have public interest law firms changed during the thirty years addressed by this empirical study? How are they financed, what is the nature of the work they perform, what causes do they represent, and what personnel do they employ? We find notable shifts in the organizational structure and practice of these firms over these three decades. The major transformations we observe are: (1) growth in average organizational size, (2) organizational rationalization similar to that observed in private sector law firms and law departments, (3) a shift from single issue and single (legal) function to multiple issue and multiple service/function, (4) more reliance on government support and restrictions on firms that choose to accept government funds.


Virtual internships, "real experience in a virtual world", have been showing up on the resumes of students, at first primarily with information technology and software startup companies, but more recently with a growing number of businesses and organisations that want self-reliant interns who are comfortable with Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) such as web conferences, blogs, and social media. Those who have participated in virtual internships from the employer, student, or educator vantage point agree the best way to ensure everyone wins is for all parties to understand the pros and cons of the exchange and to create a virtual workplace that works - for everyone.


Background: The success of a removable denture can be determined by the good support of the mucosa and alveolar bone that underlies a denture. Visually and tactilely in the oral examination could not provide adequate information about the condition of the tissue under the submucosa. A panoramic radiograph can show anatomical considerations that influence the fabrication of a removable denture. Therefore, a panoramic radiograph of the patient can help reveal anomalous or pathological conditions in the patient's oral cavity. Purpose: To describe the importances of panoramic radiograph to identify lesions that are not clinically visible in the oral. Case: This article reports a patient with complaints of discomfort in the previous denture. On clinical examination found a prominance on the lower jaw in the left side of the mandible and it was pain on palpation. The patient was referred to radiology for a panoramic radiograph. From this panoramic radiograph, a suspected complex odontoma was found in the lower left posterior region. The patient was immediately referred to the Oral Surgery department for surgery. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs play an important role in helping to establish a diagnosis of tissue that is not visible during clinical examination. This case demonstrates that with the aid of radiology, a preprosthetic treatment plan can be established to prepare the supporting tissue for removable dentures.


In the author's opinion, extremely little is known of fresh and brackish water species, i.e. those supporting the traditional artisanal fisheries and most likely to include suitable candidates for aquaculture. The immediate purpose of this paper is to document the species which are encountered in artisanal fisheries, give available background information on them relevant to fisheries and aquaculture work, and to provide a means for their identification in the field by nonspecialists. Scope of Coverage the "Niger Delta" in the title reflects the geographical area of the author's personal experience. For purposes of identification, the scope of the paper is West African for brackish species, and Nigerian for freshwater species


This study aims to analyze health literacy in village posyandu cadres in preventing stunting prevalence in Kalisogo Tambak Village. This research uses descriptive statistical methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches obtained and then used as analysis material. Data collection techniques are carried out by conducting observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is Likert scale measurement with the help of SPSS program version 26. The results of this study explain the analysis of 4 (four) aspects of health literacy which is elaborated with the prevention of stunting prevalence of village posyandu cadres which can be used as a reference to improve the ability of posyandu cadres in handling public health. Aspects according to Sorensen et.al. These include: 1) Access, 2) Understand, 3) Appraise and 4) Apply. Of the four indicators, the results of the health literacy index research on posyandu cadres in preventing stunting prevalence are the highest indicator in the dimension of accessing various health-related information obtained from several reliable sources with a value of 68%. Then, the lowest score is on the indicator assessing various health-related information with a value of 55%. These results show that the health literacy ability of posyandu cadres in preventing stunting prevalence in Kalisogo Tambak Village is quite good, but in the aspect of assessing various health-related information, especially in stunting prevention, it needs to be improved again considering that stunting greatly affects the quality of human resources.


We introduce chroma subsampling for 3D point cloud attribute compression by proposing a novel technique to sample points irregularly placed in 3D space. While most current video compression standards use chroma subsampling, these chroma subsampling methods cannot be directly applied to 3D point clouds, given their irregularity and sparsity. In this work, we develop a framework to incorporate chroma subsampling into geometry-based point cloud encoders, such as region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) and region adaptive graph Fourier transform (RAGFT). We propose different sampling patterns on a regular 3D grid to sample the points at different rates. We use a simple graph-based nearest neighbor interpolation technique to reconstruct the full resolution point cloud at the decoder end. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method provides significant coding gains with negligible impact on the reconstruction quality. For some sequences, we observe a bitrate reduction of 10-15% under the Bjontegaard metric. More generally, perceptual masking makes it possible to achieve larger bitrate reductions without visible changes in quality.


Modeling the effects of differential scaling of impact melt and transient cavity volumes indicates that impact melt volumes exceed transient cavity volumes at transient cavity diameters greater than ~500 km on the Earth. This condition is not realized on the Moon until transient cavity diameters are greater than ~3000 km. A reasoned case is made that because of this "differential scaling," the large impact "basins" comparable in size to such lunar basins as Orientale, which must have been formed on the Hadean Earth, did not have an Orientale-like form. While their exact form is unknown, they were likely shallow structures, and they would have been characterized by voluminous central impact pools. These melt pools with their closed-system environment would likely differentiate, leading to the crystallization of more felsic rocks. This reprocessing of the Hadean crust by large-scale impacts provides a mechanism to produce pre–3.9 Ga zircons, without calling for plate-tectonic–related or other mechanisms of crustal recycling to produce felsic rocks. While the impact melting at a single one of such Hadean impact "basins" would be impressive, the cumulative effects would be potentially staggering, particularly if impact velocities during Hadean time were, as believed, lower than current velocities. Based on the number of large multi-ring basins on the Moon scaled to terrestrial conditions, cumulative melt production on the Hadean Earth by such basins alone would reach ~1011–1012 km3. With the assumption that the impact melt pools were basaltic in composition, modeling with the crystal-melt fractionation software MELTS suggests the cumulative volume of felsic rocks potentially produced through the evolution of such impact melt pools could be significant.


Background: Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) has emerged as a more accurate tool for assessing the right ventricular (RV) function.We aimed to assess RV myocardial mechanics by 2D- and 3D-ST...


Self-fusing magnet wires of Class E heating resistance have been developed. It was found that the wires have self-fusing characteristics that did not change even after degradation. When applied to actual equipment, the wires can be used as fluorescent lamp ballasts of low cost and high reliability that do not require a thermal protector. This wire automatically makes the wires in the transformer short-circuited when the equipment in use is overheated beyond a given temperature rise limit, thereby making the current fuse function. Characteristics evaluated include fusing characteristics after overheating and smoke emission, and good characteristics were observed in all respects.<<ETX>>


Generally, HVDC transmission system has a quite complex structure with a large number of components. As is well known, each component has a different impact on the system reliability. The technique of determining the contribution of each component to the system unreliability can be used to identify the system weak parts and provide a useful tool for the decision-making on HVDC system operation and planning processes. This paper proposes an unreliability-tracing principle based on the proportional sharing principle (PSP), and an unreliability-tracing model for HVDC transmission systems. The PSP was used in this model twice based on the sub-system division scheme. In the unreliability-tracing process of the sub-system, the contribution of each component to a sub-system unreliability index can be calculated using the PSP. In the unreliability-tracing process of the whole system, the contribution of each sub-system to the system unreliability can also be calculated using the PSP. The contribution of each component to the system unreliability can be obtained by combining the two contribution results. The case study indicated that the proposed technique can distribute the HVDC transmission system reliability index to components or sub-systems impartially and reasonably, and it can also be used to identify the system weak parts.


A technique for concurrently checking faults in static CMOS circuits is proposed. It performs concurrent monitoring of static current by means of built-in current sensors (BICS) and detects the leakage current that accompanies the parametric shifts. Using BICs also allows the selection of high-quality circuits during manufacturing testing, resulting in a higher mean time to failure. >


All program code of the System is divided into three component types: Module, Package, Client. The System is developed on the microservice architecture principles, components are developed using the MVC design pattern. The System data handlers are DICOM with medical images and databases which accumulate and store the source information. The user software interfaces provided by so-called clients. Each software "client" is an application of three possible types: Desktop, Mobile, Web. Each package of software implies the possibility to reuse in all System components. This method of code organization makes it easy to maintain, complement, implement and scale the results.


ABSTRACT Teenagers are the future of our country, and their physical health has a great impact on the economic and social development of our country. In view of this, this study applied questionnaire survey, analytic hierarchy and situation analysis to construct the evaluation index system and hierarchical structure model of youth physical health promotion path, and used empirical analysis to analyze and deal with the key factors in the index system. The results show that the coordinates are (0.648, 0.648, 0.648, 654) located in the first quadrant, which indicates that the external opportunities and internal advantages have a high degree of matching; the effect of youth physical health management under the government mechanism is poor, but youth physical health management under the market mechanism needs to be established. The internal advantages of youth physical health management are relatively large, and the public management service market has great potential, and the market-oriented health construction. It is hoped that this study can provide certain reference for the improvement of Chinese teenagers' physical health.


AIM: To observe the effects of interleukin-32γ(IL-32γ)on the proliferation and cell cycle of rat vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs).METHODS: The VSMCs were isolated from the thoracic aorta of SD rats by the method of tissue-piece inoculation.The cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of IL-32γ.The proliferation of the cells was examined by MTT assay.The cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry.The protein levels of NF-κB p65 and cyclin D1 were detected by Western blotting.The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)was examined by immunocytochemical staining.RESULTS: Administration of IL-32γ at the concentrations of 10~50 μg/L for 24~48 h significantly promoted the proliferation of VSMCs in a dose-and time-dependent manner.After stimulation with IL-32γ at the concentration of 50 μg/L for 24 h,the cell cycle transition from G1 phase to S/G2 phase was accelerated and the expression levels of NF-κB p65,cyclin D1 and PCNA increased as compared with those in control group.CONCLUSION: IL-32γ promotes the proliferation of rat VSMCs and accelerates the cell cycle transition via upregulating the expression of NF-κB p65 and cyclin D1.


The gravity deformations of the ATCA main reflector, as well as the displacements in the sub-reflector and feed, have been surveyed at a set of elevations by VMS (AT 39.3/109). In this report, I quantify these deformations and displacements and examine their effects on the antenna performance at 90 GHz. I have computed the far-field radiation pattern at each of the survey elevations and the elevation dependence of the antenna gain.


Uranium dioxide (UO2) as well as actinide mixed oxides such as (U,Pu)O2 MOx are currently employed as fuels in several types of nuclear reactors and still appear to be reference components for future concepts. If the sintering of these ceramics was extensively investigated for powder metallurgy methods, the recent emergence of new ways of preparation for actinides dioxides, mainly based on the precipitation of low-temperature precursors, requires caring about the role of chemistry during sintering and its influence over the final microstructure of the pellets. In this study, the preparation of UO2 powders was undertaken from uranium(IV) oxalate in order to study the influence of several parameters over the densification process, including the impact of the residual carbon content remaining in the oxide after thermal conversion of the initial precursor. The extensive characterization of the powders obtained from the conversion of oxalate precursor under various heating conditions revealed the crucial role played by the atmosphere of calcination. In the particular case of uranium-bearing compounds, the main differences evidenced arose from the oxidization of U(IV) under air. Indeed, this latter yields to modifications at the microscopic scale, particularly concerning diffusion coefficients that strongly affect the development of the powder microstructure. These changes not only concerned the crystallite size, which strongly increased during calcination under oxidizing atmosphere, but also the grains morphology at the macroscopic level through solarization-related processes. Densification processes and final microstructure of the sintered pellets prepared after sintering at high temperature also significantly differ regarding to the conditions of preparation of the starting powder. Such modifications mainly arise from the differences detailed above, but also from variations in the residual carbon content of the oxide powders. Although expected from the data previously reported in the literature for other actinide-bearing oxides prepared from oxalate precursors, the effect of the atmosphere of conversion on the residual carbon content was confirmed in this study. As a matter of evidence, the amount of carbon was systematically found to be 4 to 5 times higher in the samples prepared under only reducing conditions. Moreover, an original coupling between dilatometric measurements and MS analysis (Fig. 1) was set up thanks to a Hiden Analytical QGA analyser.


Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus pandemic has adversely affected the nutritional status of many children in the sub region, an area where malnutrition is also endemic. The study was aimed at assessing the burden of HIV infection among under five with severe acute malnutrition, determine its common forms, the outcomes and associated co-morbidities. Method: A three year prospective study (April 2011 to March 2014) of children aged 6 weeks to 5 years with diagnosis of severe acute malnutrition was carried out in our health institution for the above objectives. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16.0 software and statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Result: Of the 286 severely malnourished children studied, 142(49.2%) males, and 144 (50.3%) females, HIV sero-prevalence was 199 (69.6%, 95% CI = 63.5-76.3%) and highest in the first year of life 85(42.7%). Though uptake of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling was 100%, 95.3% of positive children came in WHO stage 3 and 4 diseases. Persistent diarrhoea 58(29.1%), bronchopneumonia 53(26.6%), septicaemia 49(24.6%), pulmonary tuberculosis 39(19.6%), and oral candidiasis 35(17.6) were the common associated co-morbidities, with vesico-vaginal fistula 4 (2) being the least co-infection. Marasmus 161 (80.9%) was the major form of severe acute malnutrition in positive children, mortality was significantly higher in positive than in negative children (22.6.4% vs. 9.2%; P<0.001), however no difference was seen in those that left against medical advice (13.6% versus 11.5, p value <0.724 among the two groups. Conclusion: Human Immunodeficiency Virus burden was high in children with severe acute malnutrition in our environment, mortality and those that were left against medical advice was also high. Marasmus was the commonest form of severe malnutrition in positive children, and provider initiated counseling should be offered to children at all service delivery points in the hospital and other levels of health services for early detection of HIV infection. Some co-morbidity even when rare could be useful indication for further evaluation for HIV. large studies in sub-Saharan Africa [7]. SAM is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a weight-for-height z-score of less than –3, or a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of less than 11.5 cm in children aged 6 months to 5 years [8,9]. It can present as non-oedematous (marasmus) or oedematous disease (kwashiorkor or marasmic-kwashiorkor), with marasmus being more common in HIV-positive children [8,9]. Importantly, mortality from SAM is more than three times higher in HIV-positive children than their HIV-negative peers [7,10], in addition they have higher risk of infectious co-morbidities such as tuberculosis, respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, candidiasis and other complications like persistent diarrhoea and poor oral intake [7]. Poor growth is a one of the clinical manifestation of HIV infection in children. In the absence of treatment, their nutritional status is often severely compromised [10,11]. The beneficial effects of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on the nutritional status and growth of infected children have been well documented in both developed countries [12] and resource-poor settings [13,14] with significant improvements in height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores. Introduction Worldwide, more than 3 million children are infected with (HIV) infection; the pandemic continues to plague many countries in the developing world, with sub-Saharan alone contributing to over 90% of the global burden [1]. Without treatment, mortality in HIV infected children is extremely high with more than half of infected infants dying before the age of 2 years, and median survival of only 23 months [2]. Nigeria which has the third largest burden of HIV globally has a sero-prevalence of 3.1% in 2012, with over 360,000 children below 15 years of age being infected [3,4]. Malnutrition affects over one-quarter of under five in the developing world and contributes a third of deaths (1–2 million per year) in this age group [5]. HIV and malnutrition often coexist; the two conditions are intricately interwoven, and there co-existence contributes substantially to higher co-morbidities and mortality in affected individuals. Prevalence of concurrent HIV infection in children presenting with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is variable, with figures as high as 71.8% [6], and 29.2% in a meta-analysis of 17 Research Article Burden of HIV Infection in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Nigeria Adaora A Okechukwu1*, Orji A Okechukwu2 and Ijeoma O Chiaha3 1Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria 2Nutrition Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria 3Voluntary and Counselling Heart to Heart Unit, Department of Mental Health, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria Dates: Received: 18 July, 2015; Accepted: 15 September, 2015; Published: 18 September, 2015 *Corresponding author: Dr. Adaora A Okechukwu, Department of Pediatrics, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, PMB, 228, FCTAbuja, Nigeria, Tel: +2348036719906; E-mail:


Computer programs that can be expressed in two or more dimensions are typically called visual programs. The underlying theories of visual programming languages involve graph grammars. As graph grammars are usually constructed manually, construction can be a time-consuming process that demands technical knowledge. Therefore, a technique for automatically constructing graph grammars - at least in part - is desirable. An induction method is given to infer node replacement graph grammars. The method operates on labeled graphs of broad applicability. It is evaluated by its performance on inferring graph grammars from various structural representations. The correctness of an inferred grammar is verified by parsing graphs not present in the training set


A copper-dependent protein was isolated from Oncomelania hupensis by a procedure of ultracentrifugation and gel filteration on Sepharose 4B column.The absorption spectrum of the protein showed there was characteristic band at 340nm in the UV and the copper content in this protein was about 0.23%,characterization of hemocyanin.Two bands were observed in the SDS-PAGE gel,one near 400KDa,another near 250KDa compared with the protein marker.Transmission electron microscopy suggested its quaternary structure adopted a large hollow cylinder formation,Decamers,didecameric and multidecameric structures were all observed.


Tooth tips of the induction motor are very highly saturated by the tangential part of the total flux, especially at the short circuit. Actual values of the saturations were obtained by inverting the solution of the magnetic circuit. Air gap induction distribution under the tooth was assumed and the necessary form of the tooth tip was derived therefrom. From these considerations, the saturation factor for the inductance reduction was derived with the proof that its value depends mainly on the peripheral loading of the machine at a given load and very little on the tooth form.


Fundamental unstretched laminar burning velocities, and flame response to stretch as characterized by Markstein numbers, were considered both experimentally and computationally for premised laminar flames involving mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen with either nitrogen or argon as diluents. Otittiardly-propagating spherical lam&a; premixed flames were considered for fuel-equivalence ratios of 0.6-4.5, pressures of 0.3-3.0 atm, and concentrations of O2 in the nonfuel gases of 21% by volume at normal temperatures. The present flames were very sensitive to flame stretch, yielding ratios of stretched to unstretched laminar burning velocities in the range 0.8-3.0 for levels of flame stretch well below quenching conditions, e.g., for Karlovitz numbers less than 0.5. The agreement between measured and predicted unstretched laminar burning velocities and Markstein numbers was good using several contemporary reaction mechanisms. The resulting structure predictions suggest that H-atom production and transport is an important aspect of preferentialdiffusion&retch interactions, reflecting the strong correlation between laminar burning velocities and Hatom concentrations for present test conditions.


This symposium of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (December 1956) is both stimulating and informative. Like many symposia it covers a wide sweep of subject matter, in this case from chemical factors that induce embryonic development (M. C. Niu) to experimental approaches to psychoanalysis and human behavior (I. A. Mirsky). E. W. Sinnott writes an introduction, and intermediate chapters deal with comparative neurophysiology (C. L. Prosser), conduction in the nervous system (H. Grundfest), neurohumors (G. B. Koelle), the effects of drugs on the behavior of higher animals (J. V. Brady), the chemistry of the brain (I. H. Page), and alterations in behavior after cerebral lesions in man (H-L. Teuber). Several of these chapters are outstanding expositions of the authors' points of view and of methods of approach to the broad problem of nervous control. It is one advantage of a symposium that each author must adapt his writing to an audience outside of his own specialty and forego the experimental minutiae that might otherwise obscure broader ideas.


Though the testing methods of compressive strength,non-evaporable water content,reaction degree of slag and XRD-analysis,the hydration process of cement paste with slag was studied.The results showed that at the same age,the compressive strength will decrease along with the increasing of water binder ratio and the centent of added slag.The chemical activity of slag is rather obvious in the 28d ages.And the content of non-evaporable water of cement paste with slag is higher than that of cement paste without slag.The reaction degree of slag decreased along with the increasing of content of added slag,and it increased along with the increasing of water binder ratio.


A biloma by definition is an encapsulated collection of bile outside the biliary tree. It is mainly caused by iatrogenic injury or abdominal trauma. A spontaneous infected biloma without any underlying disease is a very rare finding. We report here a case of infected spontaneous biloma confirmed by ultrasonography, computed tomography and sonographically guided percutaneous aspiration and review the relevant literature.


We hypothesized that a precision medicine approach could be a tool for risk-stratification of women to streamline successful GDM management. With the relatively short timeframe available to treat GDM, commencing effective therapy earlier, with more rapid normalization of hyperglycaemia, could have benefits for both mother and fetus. We conducted two systematic reviews, to identify precision markers that may predict effective lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. There were a paucity of studies examining precision lifestyle-based interventions for GDM highlighting the pressing need for further research in this area. We found a number of precision markers identified from routine clinical measures that may enable earlier identification of those requiring escalation of pharmacological therapy. Whether there are other sensitive markers that could be identified using more complex individual-level data, such as 'omics', and if these can be implemented in clinical practice remains unknown. These will be important to consider in future studies.


We present new approximation algorithms for several facility location problems. In each facility location problem that we study, there is a set of locations at which we may build a facility (such as a warehouse), where the cost of building at location i is fi; furthermore, there is a set of client locations (such as stores) that require to be serviced by a facility, and if a client at location j is assigned to a facility at location i, a cost of cij is incurred. The objective is to determine a set of locations at which to open facilities so as to minimize the total facility and assignment costs. In the uncapacitated case, each facility can service an unlimited number of clients, whereas in the capacitated case, each facility can serve, for example, at most u clients. These models and a number of closely related ones have been studied extensively in the Operations Research literature. We shall consider the case in which the assignment costs are symmetric and satisfy the triangle inequality. For the uncapacitated facility location, we give a polynomial-time algorithm that nds a solution within a factor of 3.16 of the optimal. This is the rst constant performance guarantee known for this problem. We also present approximation algorithms with constant performance guarantees for a number of capacitated models as well as a generalization in which there is a 2-level hierarchy of facilities. Our results are based on the ltering and rounding technique of Lin & Vitter. We also give a randomized variant of this technique that can then be derandomized to yield improved performance guarantees.


The purpose of my study was to examine how a site reform leader implements the Native Star questionnaire at a school for American Indian students and how he describes and experiences school reform efforts at a Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) school in New Mexico. This was accomplished through a qualitative review of how the site reform leader reports using the Native Star as well as interviews of the individual responsible for the overall reform efforts at the site. Constructivism served as the theoretical grounding by which the case study was conducted to allow for the participant to describe his experiences and to give their own meaning to the data. To further this approach, I used an American Indian Paradigm as the cultural research platform to allow a focused opportunity for the tribal school official to present a voice on his experiences with Native Star and site reform efforts.


Objectives: Percutaneous vertebroplasty with injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement into vertebral bodies has been used successfully for treating osteoporotic compression fractures. However, PM A has disadvantages, including lack of biological ability to remodel or to integrate into the surrounding bone. Calcium sulfate, long used as a bone graft substitute, has recently become commercially available in a paste. We designed a study to determine if injected calcium sulfate cement is strong enough to stabilize a fractured osteoporotic vertebral body, and whether injected calcium sulfate undergoes resorption and replacement by new bone. Methods: Injectable calcium sulfate cement was used for percutaneous vertebroplasty in 6 patients being treated for osteoporotic compression fracture with vacuum cleft. At follow-up, radiographic studies and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to study the degree of resorption. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure postoperative pain. Results: Calcium sulfate cement was resorbed in all patients in approximately 3 months. All patients had initial pain relief; however, eventually all required surgical revision due to recurring debilitating pain. Radiography and MRI studies revealed premature resorption of calcium sulfate cement, with subsequent collapse of the vertebral body. Early fragmentation of the cement block was observed in one patient during revision surgery. Conclusions: The calcium sulfate cement was resorbed before the fractured osteoporotic vertebra formed new bone to fill the void. The patients' recurrent back pain resulted from failed mechanical support. Calcium sulfate cement is notrecommended for vertebral augmentation in patients with osteoporotic compression fractures with vacuum cleft.


In studies on dynamic mechanical behaviour of metallic materials, obtaining the constitutive equation is crucial to analyze numerical values of dynamic mechanical behaviour of the material. To determine the dynamic constitutive equation of resistance spot weld (RSW) materials of TRIP780 steel, this study analyzed the relationship between micro-hardness and yield strength of the RSW material. Furthermore, a microscopic profile of the RSW material was observed through a metallographic test and the metallographic structure of the material was analyzed. The hardness distribution of the RSW material of TRIP780 steel was investigated by micro-hardness test. The conversion relation between hardness and yield strength of the material was analyzed and applied to obtain the constitutive equation of the RSW material. Design of the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experimental apparatus was optimized and the validity of the proposed constitutive equation was verified by an experiment. Results show that the micro-hardness of the RSW material is high when the local martensite content in the welding spot is high. The dynamic constitutive equation of the RSW materials of TRIP780 steel was constructed. The SHPB experimental design was optimized. The reflection and transmission of medium wave of specimens are enhanced, thereby resulting in effective experimental results. The dynamic compressive behaviour of the RSW materials of TRIP780 steel has a strain rate dependence. Research conclusions can provide important references in studying the dynamic constitutive equation and mechanical responses of the RSW materials of TRIP780 steel.


Objective: In the process of collecting Plant specimens, ws found Calinsoga guadriradiata and Erodiun cicutarium. They' ve been recognized as the new record of plant specimens distributing in Yunnan, China.


Initial evidence from China suggests that most vulnerable subjects to COVID‐19 infection suffer from pre‐existing illness, including metabolic abnormalities. The pandemic characteristics and high‐lethality rate of COVID‐19 infection have raised concerns about interactions between virus pathobiology and components of the metabolic syndrome.


this paper aims at reflecting on the role of CoGeIme when working with the permanent tension between the educational mission of methodist schools and their relationship with the Church in face of the current contradictions of the brazilian educational context, which opposes quality and market demands. It emphasizes the need for dialogue to reach an education compatible with the values of the methodist denomination, based on bible texts.


In this research paper, we continue the study on fuzzy soft topological spaces and investigate the properties and theorems of fuzzy soft local base point, fuzzy soft contact point. Then discuss the relationship between soft derived sets and fuzzy soft closed sets and also define and discuss the proportions of interior points which are important for further research on soft topology. This research not only can form the theoretical basis for further application of topology on soft sets but also lead to the development of information system.


The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of game therapy in the motor coordination and visual-motor integration in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Four people with DS participated in the study. The Test of Body Coordination for Children (Korperkoordinationstest Fur Kinder – KTK) and the Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) were applied. The participants performed 12 sessions of game therapy, lasting 20 minutes each, with games of the Nintendo Wii console. The participants did KTK and VMI tests before and after the game therapy program. All participants improved their scores in the KTK and VMI tests, two participants increased the final score in the two parts of the test. The results suggest that game therapy changes variables related to motor coordination and components involving perception in individuals with DS.


We discuss the calculations of the ac Hall conductivity for superconductors with the time reversal symmetry breaking states. In the weak coupling theories these states show vanishing Hall response in one band models, even though one expects otherwise on symmetry grounds. On the other hand, the strong coupling approach based on the anti-de Sitter conformal eld theory correspondence leads to the non-vanishing Hall conductivity. We discuss the possible reasons of the discrepancy. The weak coupling many orbital theory leading to the Hall conductivity with correct temperature dependence is also brie y presented.


The paper is concerned with a system of two coupled time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equations in \begin{document} $\mathbb{R}^2$ \end{document} , which is used to model two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with both attractive intraspecies and attractive interspecies interactions. This system is essentially an eigenvalue problem of a stationary nonlinear Schrodinger system in \begin{document} $\mathbb{R}^2$ \end{document} , and solutions of the problem are obtained by seeking minimizers of the associated variational functional with constrained mass (i.e. \begin{document} $L^2-$ \end{document} norm constaints). Under a certain type of trapping potentials \begin{document} $V_i(x)$ \end{document} ( \begin{document} $i=1, 2$ \end{document} ), the existence, non-existence and uniqueness of this kind of solutions are studied. Moreover, by establishing some delicate energy estimates, we show that each component of the solutions blows up at the same point (i.e., one of the global minima of \begin{document} $V_i(x)$ \end{document} ) when the total interaction strength of intraspecies and interspecies goes to a critical value. An optimal blowing up rate for the solutions of the system is also given.


To accelerate delivery-system changes, Medicare could adopt a new provider category, the Advanced Primary Care Practice, with its own eligibility standards and accountability for performance on patient outcomes, care, and resource use, linked to a new payment approach.


Objectives Previously, we reported on the use of emergency tourniquets to stop bleeding in war casualties, but virtually all the data were from adults. Because no pediatric-specific cohort of casualties receiving emergency tourniquets existed, we aimed to fill knowledge gaps on the care and outcomes of this group by surveying data from a trauma registry to refine device designs and clinical training. Methods A retrospective review of data from a trauma registry yielded an observational cohort of 88 pediatric casualties at US military hospitals in theater on whom tourniquets were used from May 17, 2003, to December 25, 2009. Results Of the 88 casualties in the study group, 72 were male and 16 were female patients. Ages averaged 11 years (median, 11 years; range, 4–17 years). There were 7 dead and 81 survivor outcomes for a trauma survival rate of 93%. Survivor and dead casualties were similar in all independent variables measured except hospital stay duration (median, 5 days and 1 day, respectively). Six casualties (7%) had neither extremity nor external injury in that they had no lesion indicating tourniquet use. Conclusions The survival rate of the present study's casualties is similar to that of 3 recent large nonpediatric-specific studies. Although current emergency tourniquets were ostensibly designed for modern adult soldiers, tourniquet makers, perhaps unknowingly, produced tourniquets that fit children. The rate of unindicated tourniquets, 7%, implied that potential users need better diagnostic training. Levels of Evidence Level 4; case series, therapeutic study.


The dramatic price increases in journals subscriptions over the past 30 years have undermined the ability of academic libraries to sustain their collections development at the level necessary to support educational and research activities in the institutes they serve. The article describes the foundation of a consortium in order to go some way towards alleviating the problem. Statistics of the use of HEAL‐Link are given.