At Effigy Mounds National Monument in northeast Iowa, the National Park Service is conducting a program to rehabilitate Indian burial mounds which were damaged by unknown individuals before the park was established. The program is described relating the historical background and reasoning for it to the basic purposes of the National Park Service. The use of archeological methods results in the retrieval of data and information that would otherwise be lost or remain unknown. Soil monoliths and other soil samples were collected for detailed analysis at a later time in connection with studies of prehistoric environments. Two basic and inexpensive steps for repairing damaged mounds are suggested for agencies with limited budgets. In June 1965 the National Park Service at Effigy Mounds National Monument in northeast Iowa continued its program of rehabilitating Indian burial mounds which are the primary resource of Iowa's first National Park area. Effigy Mounds was established to preserve and protect burial mounds of various shapes such as conical or dome-shaped mounds, linear mounds, and combinations of the conical and linear forms called compound mounds. The most unusual of the mounds, however, are those built in the shape of some animal. These are the effigy mounds after which the monument was named. Such mounds were constructed only in the southern half of Wisconsin and the neighboring counties of Iowa, Illinois, and Minnesota. Bird and bear mounds are the animals most commonly represented and are the only effigy forms found within the boundaries of ther. Monument. Other forms include turtles, panthers, lizards, canine, deer, and eccentric forms. Altogether there are 191 known prehistoric mounds of all types at the Monument. When Effigy Mounds National Monument was established in 1949 many of the mounds had been damaged by farming or lumbering activities. Even more damaging to the mounds was the work of thoughtless and untrained persons which began in the period after the Civil War. By that time the nature of the mounds was recognized and people dug into them looking for arrowheads or prehistoric relics of one kind or another. Most of the mounds probably did not produce very much in the way of grave offerings. A few of them proved, however, to be notably rich in such things as tobacco pipes of carved stone, whole pottery vessels, and stone 1 Effigy Mounds National Monwnent, McGregor, Iowa 118 1 Gordon: The Rehabilitation and Preservation of Indian Burial Mounds by th Published by UNI ScholarWorks, 1966 1966] INDIAN BURIAL MOUNDS 119 and copper implements. Such finds encouraged further haphazard digging so that few of the mounds escaped the hand of the "pot hunter." Unfortunately these people rarely kept records or wrote descriptions of what was found. The result was the loss of a great amount of knowledge concerning the mound-builders and their way of life. It has been ahnost axiomatic in archeology that once a mound has been disturbed it is usually useless for further scientific study. This statement is true for most practical purposes. There are, however, circumstances where it may be worthwhile to attempt to salvage information and .additional data from damaged mounds. Prehistoric remains are a din1inishing resource and each year become fewer in number. They are destroyed by dam building and highway construction, expanding cities and more intensive farming among other things. 11ms, those still remaining, whether damaged or relatively intact, become more and more valuable with each passing year. It must be recognized from the start that these circumstances necessitate unusually expensive methods for a limited return. In some cases virtually no return. By using different methods and broadening the scope of research to include inter-disciplinary studies this return can be increased to make it not only feasible but desirable and perhaps even necessary. The National Park Service indeed finds it necessary to take the best care possible of the prehistoric features for which it is responsible. The Act (Tolson, 1933) establishing the National Park Service in 1916 named two fundamental purposes, one of which was, "to conserve the sceneiy and the natural and historic objects and the wildlife therein." As the mounds are "historic objects" and also the primary resource f,or which the National Monument was established they must be appropriately cared for to preserve them the longest possible time. Perhaps ernn more pertinent to the topic at hand is the fact that the mounds contain historic objects within them which must also be protected and preserved. Under normal conditions of burial, artifacts which would now still exist in mounds can be expected to i~emain little changed for centuries or even millenia longer. Provided they are left undisturbed. Two feet or more bdow the surface of the ground environmental conditions are relatively stable with little change taking place. And those changes which do take place are very gradual. Museum authorities have long recognized that environmental change, alternate wetting and drying or cooling and heating is highly destructive to specimens. Therefore mounds with 2 Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 73 [1966], No. 1, Art. 19 http://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol73/iss1/19 120 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE [Vol. 73 their stable environment provide excellent storage for the artifacts still in them. The damaged or "potted" mound is generally easy to identify. It has a large hole or depression in its center. Damage to mounds is unfortunately not limited to the period of active digging. It goes on long after the diggers have left. Their excavations are left open subjecting the interior of the mound to changing temperatures. The sides of the pit slough and erode. Rain and snow collect in the depression instead of draining away. This is also important for a reason beyond simple wetting because the pit soon fills with leaves and other vegetation. Water percolating through this dead plant material often becomes carbonic acid. Not of any great strength true enough, but still, given sufficient time, even a weak solution of carbonic acid is highly destructive to 'bone and other semi-perishable materials which can be expected in burial mounds. is, The second fundamental purpose of the National Park Service "to provide for the enjoyment of the same (that is the natural and historic objects) in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations." This purpose provides other reasons for rehabilitating the burial mounds. Most of the mounds are now or will be located adjacent to monument trails and accessible to the general public. A pitted mound is unsightly to say the least. It distracts visitors from pondering the meaning and significance of the burial structures and makes it necessary to explain how this hole happens to be here. That the mounds must be presented to park visitors in the best possible condition is readily apparent. Also such depressions make turf maintenance for appearance and erosion control extremely difficult and expensive. The interpretive programs which explain what is known of the mounds and the Indians who built them require research to provide background material and details on the way in which the mound building Indians lived. During the 2,000 or more years of mound building in the Upper Mississippi River Valley, there were at least three identifiable groups of mound builders. From surface indications it is not generally possible to identify which group built a particular mound. They must be excavated. The anomaly is that while the primary duty of the National Park Service is to preserve the mounds they must systematically destroy them with archeological techniques to learn their story. They can be reconstructed of course, but the original would be gone. The mounds inside the Monument are a diminishing and irreplaceable resource. 3 Gordon: The Rehabilitation and Preservation of Indian Burial Mounds by th Published by UNI ScholarWorks, 1966 1966] INDIAN BURIAL MOUNDS 121 It is further recognized that archeological methods are constantly improving and that the archeologist of one or two hundred years in the future will be able to extract much more infmmation than we can now. The mounds at Effigy Mounds, Mound City Group or Ocmulgee National Monuments plus some oared for in State preserves are the only ones for which there is any assurance of availability for such long term research needs. For these reasons excavations in mounds under the protection of the National Park Service are carefully limited to only those which can be expected to answer specific problems of high priority. One hundred eleven of the mounds at Effigy Mounds National Monument were damaged to some extent before it was established. Before starting repair work on the mounds good archeological technique and the need for minimal information on each mound demanded that the extent of damage be thoroughly documented. The first step in documentation was to make detailed surveys and prepare maps showing elevations and outlines, and the location of trees, sh1mps and depressions. This work was done first for the South Unit of the park under contract with State Archeologist, Dr. Marshall McKusick. One of his students, James P. Anderson, performed the actual survey work in 1960. Anderson ( 1961) reported the survey with recommendations for treatment by Dr. McKusick. Park Archeologist John Earl Ingmanson ( 1964) began mound rehabilitation proper in the Marching Bears Mound Group later the same year. The author continued work in the South Unit in 1962, and rehabilitation in the North Unit began in 1965 under his direction. The next step in rehabilitating the South Unit mounds was to remove some 160 stumps which were largely the remains of trees killed by Oak Wilt disease. This was necessary to provide for establishing a good sod and to remove the obstructions to mow


Two new (cladosporioles A and B, 1 and 2) and fourteen known (3–16) compounds were isolated from the deep‐sea‐derived fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides 170056. The relative structures of the new compounds were elucidated mainly by detailed analysis of their NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS spectroscopic data. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. All isolates were tested for antimicrobial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Compound 15 exhibited weak effect with the MIC value of 156.25 μg/mL.


FTIR spectroscopy has been used to study interactions of Ph4B- and Ph4P+ ions with water in aqueous solutions. The effect of Ph4BNa and Ph4PCl on the HDO vibration band in the fundamental region has been investigated. A new modification of the difference spectra method has been applied for the analysis of the spectral data. The results have revealed distinct differences in hydration of Ph4B- and Ph4P+ ions: Ph4B- ion strongly decreases the hydrogen-bond energy of surrounding water molecules, while Ph4P+ ion changes it slightly. The effect of Ph4B- is determined by anion–water interactions, while the effect of Ph4P+ is determined by water–water interactions around the cation. The changes in the energy of water hydrogen bonds upon the ions have been evaluated.


The dynamic and earthquake performance Post-Byzantine Christian churches located in Greece is examined. These churches developed damage to their stone masonry walls due to gravitational forces acting together with seismic forces. The results from 3-D numerical linear dynamic analyses, utilizing recorded ground motions, together with assumed strength values are employed to predict the behaviour of the various masonry parts. Use is made of the deformability of the foundation and is shown that this deformability partly explains the appearance of structural damage. The performance of the various vertical masonry walls is examined by a process whereby the demands at critical locations are compared with the corresponding bearing capacities in either in-plane shear/flexure or in out-of-plane flexure. This process yields reasonably good agreement between predicted and observed performance of the stone masonry walls for churches damaged during various earthquake events in Greece. Nonlinear 3-D numerical analyses are next employed for examining the performance of these unreinforced stone masonry churches. This is done by pushover inelastic numerical simulations, whereby the nonlinearities are concentrated in specific critical locations in an effort to simulate typical damage patterns that appear at the foundation-soil interface, at connection of masonry at the corner and at the roof level. Again, these pushover nonlinear numerical simulations seem to reproduce in a realistic way the observed damage patterns in these critical regions.


A fundamental challenge associated with screening tests is recognition of the impact of disease prevalence upon the predictive value of the result. For example, in the common circumstance of screening for low prevalence dis- eases, even good tests may have unacceptably high false positive rates. The converse situation, screening in high preva- lence populations, is less common but occurs with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): even ostensibly good screening tests may have unacceptably high false negative rates. The challenge of recognizing false negative OSA screening results has important implications as screens are increasingly implemented in high risk populations. This raises two clinically impor- tant questions: 1) How sensitive and specific should a screening test be to minimize false negative results across a spec- trum of baseline prevalence; and 2) Given a screening test with known sensitivity and specificity, in what range of disease prevalence may the test be reasonably applied? Simple graphics are presented that incorporate acceptable risk thresholds and illustrate combinations of prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity in which disease probability remains high despite a negative test result. Adopting a Bayesian approach, together with acceptable risk thresholds, may help to avoid potential pitfalls of false negative screening results. Although the baseline prevalence in the United States of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is estimated in the range of 3- 28% (1), in certain populations the prevalence is much higher. For example, higher prevalence has been reported for patients with refractory epilepsy (33%) (2), recent stroke (58%) (3), refractory hypertension (63%) (4), heart failure (35%) (5), polycystic ovary syndrome (65%) (6), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (89%) (7), children with Down's Syndrome (63%) (8), and those undergoing bariatric surgery (80%) (9-10). Treatment of OSA may be associated with improved outcomes in some settings (11). One particular area of interest involves OSA in the peri-operative setting, which may be associated with complications and/or longer hospital stay (12-13). Given the limited resources for labora- tory polysomnogram (PSG) as a screening tool, screening questionnaires may assist in OSA risk stratification. A screening tool with the acronym "STOP-Bang" was recently developed to provide dichotomous risk stratification (low versus high OSA risk) in general surgical populations (12-13). In this population, adverse outcomes involving res- piratory compromise were increased in the peri-operative period in those with OSA, defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >5 by standard PSG. The STOP-Bang screen involves four yes/no patient questions (snoring, daytime tiredness, observed nocturnal apnea, high blood pressure), combined with four yes/no clinical features (BMI >35, age >50, neck circumference >40 cm, male gender). This simple tool was validated in a surgical population (177 patients, including general, gynecologic, orthopedic, urologic, plastic, ophthalmologic, and neurosurgery cases) (13), with a posi- tive result defined as >3 "yes" responses. Within the study limitations (including high refusal and no-show rates for PSG), the sensitivity for OSA varied with OSA severity


The aim of the study was to investigate whether the rs35761398 variants of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) gene may influence the acquisition of HIV infection and the clinical presentation of HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection.


Based on the particular introduction of the information and function models of the OAIS reference model,the author find it is similar to the fundamental functions of the digital archives by comparison. And then a set of multi-functional,characteristic and universal metadata applied in the digital archives is built up based on the OAIS reference model.


Recently, projector camera systems have been studied extensively for designing man machine interaction systems. In this paper, we propose a new method for calibrating uncalibrated projector camera systems. In particular, we show that it is possible to calibrate camera projector systems projectively and reconstruct 3D information reliably by using shadows of objects made by projector lights. We also show that by using the projectively calibrated projector camera systems we can achieve virtual music instruments, such as virtual piano


The following work showcases the reactions of the Spanish press to the actions of "Solidarity" in the years 1980–1983. The principal aim of this article is to depict the polish socio-political scene as seen from the perspective of the Spanish journalists. The young Spanish democracy, with its free press, was confronted with the actions of the Independent Unions which later gave birth to NSZZ "Solidarity". Therefore, the key issue in this work is the influence of the emerging democratic awareness of the Spanish correspondents on the way the social changes in Poland, a country whose road to democracy may seem similar, were perceived. However, emerging from the scale of both transformations were some major differences that largely influenced the attitude of the Spanish press towards the situation in Poland. The importance of the "Solidarity" actions in the world's geopolitical context is the subject of the following analysis. This article quotes the most popular newspapers from that time, such as La Vanguardia, El Pais and ABC.


In remote welding,the segmentation of disparity map is an important step to create 3D model of weld workpiece by stereo vision sensor.In this paper, the USF plane range image segmentation algorithm was introduced into disparity map segmentation,and by a region combination step,the revised algorithm can deal with the disparity map containing cylinder surface.The combination step could be divided into boundary detecting and curve region relabeling.During boundary detection,the pixel at the boundary of the segmented region after plane segmentation was recorded.In curve region relabeling,the adjacent regions in the same curved surface were assigned with the same label by comparing the boundary pixels'normal direction and distance between them.A segmented result of disparity map of saddle workpiece is shown to prove the feasibility of the algorithm.


Traditional scenarios of gastropod evolution suggest that the apical openings and marginal slits of keyhole limpets and other fissurellids play a key role in maintaining mantle cavity sanitation by facilitating separation of clean incurrent and waste-laden excurrent flow. The occurrence of animals that never develop excurrent openings or in which the opening is blocked by fouling organisms, however, indicates that this may not be the case. We examined the mantle cavity morphology and characterized the respiratory flow of individuals of Diodora aspera in which the apical opening was naturally or experimentally blocked. We found no evidence of damage to the mantle cavity or associated organs. Water entered ventro-posteriorly to the gill tips, which were extended beyond the mantle margin, and exited over the head. Thus the apical opening is not necessary for the effective removal of wastes. The opening is nec- essary, however, to induce passive flow through the mantle cavity. We suggest that this function of the apical opening may have been as significant as its role in sanitation for the evolution of fissurellid gastropods.


This article aims at introducing reflection of a vocational college teacher who takes English as a pre-major and further study in management field by analyzing SWOT for English teachers and working out an exploratory mechanism and framework for interdisciplinary research in vocational education management. This reflective report is composed of four parts: introduction, portrait of English teachers on teaching, research and other work, interdisciplinary transformation for English teachers and summary.


A systematic series of highly correlated calculations of van der Waals potential energy surfaces (PESs) with large basis sets is presented. Reference data at the coupled-cluster theory restricted to single, double, and noniterative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] level with large singly augmented correlation-consistent basis functions, supplementary bond functions, and counterpoise corrections are provided. Results for minimum energy distances, well depths, vibrational frequencies, second virial coefficients, and Boyle temperatures are compared with corresponding experimental values. An extensive discussion of complete basis set extrapolation methods is presented. Here, the effect of extrapolation type, use of uncorrected and counterpoise-corrected PESs, and direct property extrapolation are analyzed. Last, a new multicoefficient correlation method for van der Waals potential energy surfaces (MCCM-vdW) is applied to three-body interactions of helium trimers and to He … H2O interactions. Comparison with high-level CCSD(T) calculations using large basis sets demonstrates that the MCCM-vdW method is transferable to systems not considered in its parameterization. The method allows dispersion interactions of much larger systems to be studied reliably at a fraction of computational cost and offers a new tool for applications to rare-gas clusters and the development of dispersion parameters for molecular simulation force fields. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004


Creating effective strategic alliance is a useful method for the global expansion of international companies and managing strategic alliances is an important research project to the success of strategic alliances. This paper focuses on the practical problems of strategic alliances in China and explores how to manage such alliances. This research aims to introduce the basic background of strategic alliances, analyzes the primary reason for the current situations of strategic alliances, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of strategic alliances, gives the successful factors managing strategic alliances and discusses what should be done in the future research about strategic alliances?


(57) Abstract: ion source and carbonaceous deposits on a substrate (e.g., polymer) reactive ion beam etching method using an oxidizing agent to the plasma contained in the ion source to control the formation of. After operating the ion source by a plasma having a carbonaceous deposit forming species, during operation of the ion source, plasma containing an oxidizing agent (species) is generated in the ion source. Preferably, in the ion source during the time that there is a time and an oxidizing agent present carbonaceous deposits forming species is essentially continuously plasma is maintained. Reactive ion beam extracted from an ion source comprising a plasma having oxidizing species, carbonaceous sample substrate structure (e.g., a polymer) prior reactive ion beam using the ion beam having species that can form a deposit as in some cases formed from etching (RIBE) processing step, the carbonaceous material deposits formed on a sample (e.g., a polymer) is removed (i.e., etching) in order to, enabling collision on the sample substrate Become. Preferably, the reactive ion beam containing an oxidizing species in the sample, carbonaceous deposits than other materials which the ion beam impinges (e.g., polymer) incident at an angle to increase the etch selectivity. Thin-film magnetic head is produced by the previous any carbonaceous material formed in the fluorocarbon-based RIBE step (e.g., polymer) pole trimming process using RIBE with oxidizing species to also remove deposits .


The great experimental advantage of Drosophila larvae as the objects of a study of delayed x-ray killing seems to be in the fact that here we are dealing with two clearly separated kinds of cells, one which is vital for the individual at the moment and is relatively insensitive to x-rays, and another which is highly sensitive, but not of great importance at the instant for the continuation of the life of the organism, but becomes so at some point later in development. The fates of both these kinds of cells may be observed over a very considerable portion of the life of the larva, and by the time it has passed the prepupal stage, the distinction between x-ray effects upon larval (essentially embryonic) and adult tissue may be very clearly drawn, and their interdependence and relative importance in bringing about imaginal death very completely determined. E. V. ENZMANN C. P. HASKINS


The variety, the character and the recent advances of the radiation-curable organosilicon release agents were reviewed. The affecting factors of the properties and the applications of the silicone release agent were discussed.


This review paper focuses on the m-colorability decision problem. This problem determines a solution on how to assign the minimum number of colors to a given graph, i.e. the chromatic number (m-colors) given the condition that no two adjacent nodes must have same color. The following paper explains this concept with the help of two examples along with its algorithmic implementation and execution.


Antibiotics are widely used as bacteriostatic or bactericidal drugs in the therapy of bacterial infections, but besides the respective interactions between antibiotics and bacteria, and between the immune system and bacteria, antibiotics also directly interact with the immune system. Moreover, the impact of antimicrobial drugs on the immune system, already important in the patient with intact immune function, may become even more substantial in patients with immunological disease and/or deficiency. The most intriguing aspect of antibiotic-induced modulation of immune effectors concerns their direct chemical and biochemical interaction with host cell metabolism and functions and whether these effects must be taken into account in the choice of an appropiate antibacterial regimen. With this idea, we have investigated the influence of the dose and the duration of the treatment with both, aztreonam or imipenem/cilastatin, given by intraperitoneal route, on several innate and acquired immune functions in Balb/c mice, as beta-lactams are widely used in immunocompromised patients and are generally considered not to have an effect on immune cell function. We have selected these antibiotics because of their great use in human therapy, and especially their use in pre and post-operative treatments of transplanted or drug-immunosuppressed patients. Thus, we have obtained results about the immunomodulating properties of two representative beta-lactam antibiotics which are widely used in the treatment of human infectious diseases. Based on these investigations, aztreonam and imipenem/cilastatin are considered potent beta-lactam antibiotics which are especially suited for the treatment of patients who are immunosuppressed in a pharmacological or pathological way.


Coffee is one of the popular beverage; its constituents include caffeine,
 oxidation resistant aromatic constituents, protein, tannin, and fat. It is
 indicated in literatures that a proper amount of coffee stimulates the brain
 and enhances memory, but excessive coffee causes negative results, such as
 coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, heart disease and kidney
 disease. This study used high-performance ultrasonic process to discuss the
 effect of pulverized coffee reduction on the constituent concentration. It
 further compared the constituent concentrations obtained in different
 extraction periods. The experimental results show that the coffee aroma
 constituents can be extracted effectively by ultrasonic process without any
 organic solvent, and the constituent concentration does not decrease with
 the addition of pulverized coffee. Therefore, the consumption of pulverized
 coffee can be reduced greatly by using the proposed. The time of extraction
 process can be shortened, so as to save energy. The most important point is
 to reduce the enterprises manufacturing cost and to increase the profit.


We study two-dimensional transmission problems for the Laplace operator for two diusion coecients. We describe the boundary layers of this problem and show that the layers appear only in the part where the coecient is large. The relationship with the singularities of the limit problem is also described.


In a distributed shared memory system, each read-only page needs to be located at appropriate processors by replication to make the total access cost lower. The purpose of the page replication problem is to implement this low-cost locating. In this paper, on-line $al$gorithms for the page replication problem are considered in terms of competitiveness, the ratio of the cost of the on-line algorithms to that of the off-line optimal algorithms. As results, we present a randomized on-line algorithm for trees that is. $\frac{e}{e-1}\simeq 1.58$-competitive. Furthermore, we prove that this algorithm achieves the best competitive ratio for trees. In other words, no randomized on-line algorithm is better than $\frac{e}{e-1}\simeq 1.58$-competitive.


Six parents and 15 hybrids of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were grown for 3 years at Manhattan and Ashland, Kansas and observed for leaf number and time of flowering. Three parents and two hybrids were grown at Plainview, Texas for 1 year and observed for leaf number, time of floral initiation and of flowering. The data are interpreted to mean that earliness of hybrids results largely from more rapid development of the meristem prior to floral initiation and to more rapid development of the panicle in hybrids.


Outapi is a municipality in central-northern Namibia. The city is facing challenges such as water scarcity and rapid population growth in informal settlements without access to sanitation facilities. Hence, appropriate technological options for wastewater treatment and reuse have been implemented and operated here since 2012 by the CuveWaters research project in cooperation with the Outapi Town Council (OTC). It pursues the conceptual development and practical implementation of an integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin in central-northern Namibia. The central goal of CuveWaters is to strengthen the potential of the region's resources by combining new and adapted technologies in a multi-resource mix for water supply and sanitation. In this context, water reuse can contribute to improve resource efficiency and mitigate pressure put on available water resources. In this way, the project is targeting social welfare, particularly with regard to hygiene, job creation, and better nutrition.


In the practice of otolaryngology, a definite diagnosis or at least a working diagnosis should be established for all cases of hearing loss and especially sensorineural hearing loss. In this study, we described a time proven method by which the otolaryngologist can meet his responsibility for this important societal problem.


ABSTRACTThe factors which affect the dielectric response of food materials are examined in an attempt to establish a predictive model and to obtain a more basic understanding of dielectric properties. Detailed dielectric measurements were performed on rehydrated non-fat dry milk using the precision slotted line technique, at temperatures of 25, 35, 45, and 55°C and at frequencies of 300, 1000, and 3000 MHz. Solute-solute and solute-solvent interaction were found to reduce the dielectric loss factors to levels substantially below those predicted by chemical composition alone; therefore, the dielectric loss cannot be predicted from a linear, additive model based on composition. The results of dielectric measurements of solid food products, beef and turkey were reported. Conductivities of beef juice obtained from cooking were measured and the dielectric losses at 5 to 65°C and 300, 915, and 2450 MHz calculated based on the measured conductivities.


Rapid urbanization poses major challenges to the mankind with huge impact on the society and the economy. This paper aims to review relevant literature, mainly recent studies, focused on significant aspects of the interrelations of urban forests and terrestrial carbon sequestration, discussing their implications with reference to urban forests and their roles in climate mitigation, given that the real challenge lies in understanding the integration of carbon sequestration having huge pollution mitigating potentials with other mitigation options. Findings suggest that despite indications of studies that urban forests play significant mitigation roles; they have not been accorded adequate importance vis-a-vis management of ecological disturbances. Findings also suggest that urban forests significantly contribute to terrestrial carbon sequestration and these contributions are in addition to their multiple social-economic-cultural-aesthetic benefits. This paper underscoring the significant contributions of urban forests in maintaining ecological equilibrium, and managing balance between emissions and sequestration to ensure sustainability, offers usefulness to the future researchers, academics, urban-planners and policymakers.


Summary The present study has demonstrated that tetrolyl-pantetheine is a potent inhibitor of lipid synthesis in rat skin. The inhibitory effect was particularly marked with fatty acid and sterol fractions. These findings suggest that tetrolyl-pantetheine may exert its effect by inhibiting reactions common to both fatty acid and sterol synthesis in the skin.


Histamine release from isloated rat mast cell is induced by ATP (10-5 — 3 × 10-5 M). The activity found in an ADP-perepatation was shown to be due to contamination with ATP, purified ADP has no activity. AMP, 3′ 5′ AMP, PCr and PEP were without histamine releasing activity. Histamine release induced by ATP was compared with that caused by compound 48/80 with respect to the influence of Ca++, Mg++, Zn++, ouabain, DNP, oligomaycin and glucose. The results are interpreted to indicate that ATP and compoundf 48/80 release histamine by mechanisms that in certain respects differ from each other. The histamine releasing effect of ATP is discussed in relation to the enery-requiring mechanism that iis known to be involved in histamine release by compound 48/80.


Modern virtual reality technologies increase the immersive experience for users. Increased immersivity may affect how users perceive, internalize, and thus, recall information about the virtual environment and experience compared to traditional mediums, such as desktop simulations. One critical aspect of recalling information is incidental memory, which refers to the ability for people to recall information they were unaware was relevant for evaluation. This paper investigates the differences of incidental memory recall between (i) immersive virtual reality and (ii) traditional desktop systems. Fifty-two participants completed a series of tasks within identical virtual environments of the two systems and completed an incidental memory recall questionnaire testing their recall of elements within the virtual world. Results found no significant difference in incidental memory recall between immersive virtual reality and traditional desktop conditions. However, when controlling for gaming experience and gender effects significant differences between groups were found.


Due to overwhelming complex and vague nature of interactions between multiple factors describing agriculture, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods are widely used from farm to fork to facilitate systematic and transparent decision support, figure out multiple decision outcomes and equip decision maker with confident decision choices in order to choose best alternative. This research proposes a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) based decision support to evaluate and prioritize important factors of rice production practices and constraints under temperate climatic conditions and provides estimate of weightings, which measure relative importance of critical factors of the crop under biotic, abiotic, socio-economic and technological settings. The results envisage that flood, drought, water logging, late sali, temperature and rainfall are important constraints. However, regulating transplantation time; maintaining planting density; providing training to the educated farmers; introducing high productive varieties like Shalimar Rice-1 and Jhelum; better management of nutrients, weeds and diseases are most important opportunities to enhance rice production in the region. Therefore, the proposed system supplements farmers with precise decision information about important rice production practices, opportunities and constraints.


Some of the oldest TRIGA fuel in the Malaysian Reaktor TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) is approaching the limit of its end of life with burn-up of around 20%. Hence it is prudent for us to start planning on the replacement of the fuel in the reactor and other derivative activities associated with it. In this regard, we need to understand all of the risk associated with such operation and one of them is to predict the radioactivity of the fuel, so as to estimate the safety of our working conditions. The radioactivity of several fuels are measured and compared with simulation results to confirm the burnup levels of the selected fuels. The radioactivity measurement are conducted inside the water tank to reduce the risk of exposure and in this case the detector wrapped in plastics are lowered under water. In nuclear power plant, the general practice was to continuously burn the fuel. In research reactor, most operations are based on the immediate needs of the reactor and our RTP for example operate periodically. By integrating the burnup contribution for each core configuration, we simplify the simulation of burn up for each core configuration. Our results for two (2) fuel however indicatesmore » that the dose from simulation underestimate the actual dose from our measurements. Several postulates are investigated but the underlying reason remain inconclusive.« less


The article deals with the issues of both criminal and legal assessment of illegal activities related to the phenomenon of "webcam" and individual problems of identifying and documenting crimes in this sphere. The problems of qualification of criminal activity arising in the course of countering offenses related to this phenomenon are revealed. The peculiarities of conducting operational investigative measures aimed at uncovering the illegal activities of webcam studios (production and trafficking of pornographic materials, child pornography), and a special cluster of relations between subjects within the framework of modern Russian legislation are noted. The author pays special attention to the methodological training of law enforcement officers of the Russian Federation, as well as regular and effective interaction with the information systems of the national central bureaus of the International Criminal Police (Interpol). The novelty of the research lies in the fact that crimes arising in the sphere of limited regulation of the global Internet are a new trend in the transformation of the criminal world. The inability of the legislator and the law enforcement officer to predict the appearance and development of individual phenomena allowed the attackers to successfully build a "gray" webcam business industry. The phenomenon of "webcam" is a logical continuation of the development of public relations related to prostitution, the spread of pornography and sexual exploitation. The legalization of the webcam industry will create an ambiguous situation in which offenders will be able to disguise criminal activity as legitimate, which determines the relevance of the theoretical validity and practical implementation of effective regulatory tools for the activity in question. The improvement of the working methods of units engaged in operational investigative activities is a determining factor for solving the task. Based on the actual methods of committing crimes, the scientific work considers the features of documenting and qualifying the facts of illegal activity related to the phenomenon of Webcam.


Provided is a method for synthesizing nanoparticles of metal oxides, especially titanium oxide nanoparticles, with good dispersity in a plasma reactor. The metal oxide(TiO2) nanoparticles are synthesized by the following steps of: (i) supplying oxidant and at least one reactant stream in the form of liquid, solid, vapor and emulsion into a plasma reactor at the same time, wherein the reactant comprises metal halide such as TiCl4, silicon halide such as SiCl4, and coarse tail control agent selected from halide(chloride) or oxyhalide(oxychloride) of P, Ge, B, Sn, Nb, Cr, Au, Ag, Pd, Al, etc.; (ii) contacting reactant vapor stream with oxidant by plasma at temperature enough high to form metal oxide nanoparticles with an average size less than 100nm; (iii) separating metal oxide particles from the reactor. The resultant TiO2 nanoparticles are used for coating materials, catalysts, resins and glasses.


H.265/High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the latest next generation video compression standard posterior to H.264/AVC. However, despite its superior coding efficiency to the previous video coding standards, the complexity to implement it is an obstacle to overcome. Especially, combining the separate encoder and decoder has a disadvantage on the aspect of the size and power consumption. To solve these problems, we design an encoder based H.265/HEVC 4K slim codec. The decoder within this codec shares the prediction unit of encoder except an entropy decoder. The proposed shared prediction unit architecture saves the total size by 40 % compared to an independent codec with encoder and encoder separately. The size of logic is 2.8 M gates with 120 kB internal SRAM and the power consumption of this slim codec is within a level of encoder. The function of slim codec is verified on our designed the Xilinx Virtex-7 platform and the 4K UHD codec chip operating at 600 MHz is going to implement on a 28 nm CMOS process in this year.


The Arctic-derived fungus Eutypella sp. D-1 can produce numerous secondary metabolites, and some compounds exhibit excellent biological activity. Seven pimarane-type diterpenes, including three new compounds eutypellenone F (1), libertellenone Y (2), and libertellenone Z (3), and four known compounds (4–7), were isolated from fermentation broth of Eutypella sp. D-1 by the OSMAC strategy of adding ethanol as a promoter in the culture medium. Compound 2 has a rare tetrahydrofuran-fused pimarane diterpene skeleton. The anti-inflammatory activity of all compounds was evaluated. Compounds 3–6 showed a significant inhibitory effect on cell NO release at 10 μmol/L by in vitro experiments, of which 3–5 had inhibitory rates over 60% on nitric oxide (NO) release. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory activity of 3–5 was evaluated based on a zebrafish model, and the results showed that 3 had a significant inhibitory effect on inflammatory cells migration at 40 μmol/L, while 4 and 5 had a significant inhibitory effect at 20 μmol/L. Moreover, compounds 3–5 have the same conjugated double bond structure, which may be an important group for these compounds to exert anti-inflammatory activity.


Seeking professional reading sources? We have You Can Do It to review, not just read, however also download them and even check out online. Find this excellent book writtern by Janina Muller now, merely below, yeah only here. Get the files in the kinds of txt, zip, kindle, word, ppt, pdf, and also rar. Once again, never miss to check out online as well as download this publication in our site right here. Click the link.


Guanzi text exegesis takes an important role to accurate understand its idealistic connotation together with the other literatures in earlier Qin dynasty.Summarizing exegetical contents,methods and terms,this paper discusses the functions of Guanzi's text exegesis in words exegesis and the functions in Chinese exegetics development history.


Experiments were conducted in two locations in Nova Scotia, Canning and Truro, during 2001 and 2002 to determine the effect of seeding date and harvest stage on productivity and composition of essential oil from Anethum graveolens L. 'Mesten, Dukat' and 'Hercules'. Delayed seeding generally reduced yields and altered the concentration of some essential oil components. Both dill seed and dill weed oil from this study had compositions similar to commercially available oil and reported dill oil compositions. The seed oil had moderate to high carvone content (17.9–64.0%) as is desired for the international market. Carvone content in oil increased as the plants matured. Lower yields and essential oil yields were obtained from cv. Hercules compared with the other two cultivars. Herbage yields and essential oil content were typical for the plant species; seed yields were below average, but there is potential to increase these yields through different seeding dates, harvest dates and investigation into optimum nu...


The mineral content of honeybee-collected pollen from 34 floral species was analysed for 10 elements. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of major and minor elements were the following: potassium (K) 5530, phosphorus (P) 4600, sulfur (S) 2378, calcium (Ca) 1146, magnesium (Mg) 716, sodium (Na) 82, iron (Fe) 67, zinc (Zn) 58, manganese (Mn) 33 and copper (Cu) 12. Close correlations existed between Mn and Cu, P and S, K and S and K and Zn. Single species demonstrated similar element profiles. Echium plantagineum pollen had a high mean concentration of P (7411 mg/kg) and S (3133 mg/kg) when compared with the mean of the total; Brassica napus pollen had high concentration of Mg (1400 mg/kg) and Ca (1750 mg/kg) and low concentration of Fe (27 mg/kg); Hypochoeris radicata had low concentrations of 6 elements — Fe (4.5 mg/kg), Zn (20 mg/kg), Mg (240 mg/kg), S (1400 mg/kg), P (2066 mg/kg) and K (2433 mg/kg). Asphodelus fistulosus had the highest concentration of K at 38000 mg/kg, the next highest value of 8200 mg/kg being for Prunus dulcis.


The effects of subduction zones on local and teleseismic network data for earthquakes in the North Pacific have been determined. Hypocenter location, focal mechanisms and slip vectors are all perturbed in ways that can be corrected by tracing seismic rays through appropriate models of the upper mantle. The matching of synthetic seismograms for the first 30 s of the long period P signal with observations at several azimuths yields depths of crustal events to within 10 km and reliable estimates of focal mechanisms and source time functions. Spectral estimates for body waves based on the autocorrelation function, with a Hanning window, are more reliable than those by the FFT algorithm. Station spectra can be corrected reasonably well for source crust and receiver crust effects, but the proper way to model attenuation remains a difficult problem. The use of a frequency-dependent modulation of T/Q has been tested and seems promising.


Objectives: This study aims to build educational requirements to activate the strategy of individualizing education in Jordanian public schools in light of the Coronavirus pandemic.
Methods: A developmental survey was used. The study population consisted of all public school teachers in Jordan. The study sample amounted to (500) male and female teachers for the academic year (2021/2020).
Results: The results of the study show that the degree of importance of practicing the strategy of individualizing education at Jordanian public schools in light of the Coronavirus pandemic in general was high. The results also indicated that there were differences in gender in favor of males, and differences in educational qualification in favor of graduate degrees.
 Conclusions: The study recommends organizing qualifying training courses for teachers, students and others working in the educational field. These courses should be concerned with activating modern methods of teaching, especially the strategy of individualizing education to achieve the desired educational and educational goals in light of the Coronavirus pandemic. The study also recommends using educational platforms to hold qualifying and training courses specialized in activating the strategy of individualizing education. The study also recommends inviting decision-makers in the Jordanian Ministry of Education to adopt the educational requirements proposed here to activate the strategy of individualizing education.


In today's world of digitalization the most important object is data. There are numerous techniques available for retrieval of the data. To store this data over a large period of time various data hardware (DHW) are used. As the data is increasing day by day the more cost is incurred in storing the data. Data proliferation is the term used to refer the large amount of data that is created by government and nongovernment institutions either in structured or unstructured format. To minimize the maintenance cost generated by data proliferation IaaS as cloud computing service can be implemented. IaaS can be considered as virtualized service, which can be used to provide 'as a service' to the users via cloud vendors. It provides the access of database resources on demand. One can 'pay-as-per-use' of resource from the pool of resources and these resources can be virtualized in cloud based environment. To access the virtualized resources there are various approaches used. Private cloud approach is commonly used to maintain the integrity of the data.


As a flexible unit that can respond quickly, CSP stations can be included in the planned power source of power supply planning, which can effectively improve the consumption of volatile new energy and improve resource utilization. This paper mainly studies the optimal planning of power grids containing CSP stations and fluctuating new energy sources and proposes joint power planning based on the bi-level programming model. The results of calculation examples show that the proposed bi-level programming model considering CSP stations is better in terms of economy, efficiency, and practicality and is of great importance to the improvement in the cleanliness of system operation and energy utilization.


An organic molecular system with proton-tunable photoluminescence properties based on a mono-substituted bipyridinium derivative 1-(3-carboxybenzyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium chloride, which possesses both pyridine and carboxylic acid groups as proton-responsive units, has been developed. Through controlling the pH value of the self-assembled systems, three compounds with different degrees of protonation have been obtained. These compounds display distinctly different luminescence behaviors and undergo solid-state structural conversion in response to changes in pH values. In particular, luminescence switching triggered by acid–base vapor can be realized.


The occurrence of different parasitoids of some insect pests in southern Goiás and southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, is reported in this article. The egg parasitoids obtained Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) were specimens of Anastatus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), two specimens of Brasema sp. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), 41 specimens Gryon gallardoi (Brethes) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and six specimens of Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The parasitoids obtained Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) were 03 specimens of Leptopilina boulardi Barbotin et al. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) and 285 specimens of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The occurrence of parasitoids of Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) were: 21 specimens of Bracon sp., (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), one specimen of Earinus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and 13 specimens Conura sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). In Lonomia sp. were collected: 4 specimens of Anastatus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) and three specimens of Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).


To orientate science,it is first necessary to understand science is dynamical cognitive activity. And it is different from the general social practice activities. Science as a system,it contains four elements: scientific facts,scientific method,scientific experiment and scientific theory. The four elements of scientific system are independent and interrelated. Interaction between them promotes the development of science. The correct understanding of science,help the public to identify science and pseudoscience and nonscience.


Part 1: The Physical Basis of Measurement Systems: General principles of measurement Units of measurement and basic mathematical concepts Simple electronics The detection and amplification of biological potentials Data processing and storage Displaying the signal Recorders and data storage devices Electromagnetic radiation and optical measurements Ultrasound Radionuclides and their use in clinical measurement Patient safety Part 2: Specific measurements: The measurement of pressure Direct measurement of intravascular pressure Indirect methods for measuring arterial pressure Measurement of gas flow and volume Measurement of blood flow Gas and vapour analysis Acid-base, blood-gas and other analysers used by clinicians Thermometry, thermography and humidity measurement Part 3: Priniciples of monitoring in anaesthesia and intensive care: The design of a monitoring system: alarms Monitoring during anaesthesia Monitoring the respiratory system Monitoring the cardiovascular system Monitoring the nervous system Monitoring in obstetrics


Fusarium pallidoroseum , isolated from diseased Mimosa invisa in the Philippines, provided excellent control of M. invisa seedlings when applied as a foliar spray of the crude culture filtrate in laboratory and field trials. The effect was immediate contact action, causing rapid desiccation of treated tissues because of the production of toxin(s). The cell-free filtrate of F. pallidoroseum was more virulent than the crude filtrate. Seedlings at the cotyledon stage and older 3- to 4-leaf seedlings escaped the phytotoxin action of F. pallidoroseum and regrowth occurred. Inoculum was readily produced on milled rice and remained virulent for at least six months under room condition storage. Culture filtrates of F. pallidoroseum caused disease symptoms on a broad range of plant species. Most plants, however, expressed only light infection, while Mimosa invisa , M. pudica and Cucumis melo (cantaloupe) were severely damaged by the isolate. Symptoms were observed on some upland rice cultivars, but affected rice plants outgrew the effects. Mycotoxins are produced by isolates of F. pallidoroseum , but the health risk associated with the use of F. pallidoroseum as a weed control tool is not known. Until the health risk is known and documented, the possible use of F. pallidoroseum as a control strategy for M. invisa should be deferred.


multiple vs. Single Courses of Antenatal Corticosteroids for Preterm Birth Masters of Science. 200 1, Fariba Aghajafari, institute of Medical Science. University of Toronto A single course of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) decreases the risk of death. respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and possibly intraventricular hemorrhage in babies at risk of pretem delivery. The effects on RDS are most significant if babies are bom between 24 hours and 71 O following treatment. As a result. many centers repeat courses of ACS every 710 days. Systematic reviews of studies in humans and animals show some benefits and nsks for multiple courses of ACS. I designed multi-center randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of multiple vs. single courses of ACS on neonatal outcornes. A pilot study of this trial suggests a multicenter trial is feasible. but care should be given to the strategy for recruiting pregnant


Recent commentaries have described growing concern about quality of care in the United States (1, 2). The problem of medical mistakes is getting increased media attention. However, the issue of quality is not new to physicians, who are trained to always do the best for their patients. What is new is the way that we are now asked to think and act about quality. Cancer screeningspecifically Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and mammographyprovides an interesting case study of the old and new ways of thought. For more than a decade, research has consistently shown that screening for cervical and breast cancer is underused. Whether documented in medical claims data (3, 4), by medical record review (5), or by self-report (6), the percentage of eligible patients who have had Pap smears or mammography at the recommended intervals has been lower than any of us would accept as optimal. In national surveys, some of this deficit can be attributed to lack of access to medical care, but surveys of patients who have recently been seen in medical practice also show substantial degrees of underuse. Furthermore, we have learned that the persons who are seen in medical practice but do not receive appropriate screening are not a random sample of the total patient population. Some patient characteristics are associated with lower screening rates: lower socioeconomic status (7), certain ethnic backgrounds (8), lack of health insurance (9), fee-for-service health plans (10), lack of a recent check-up visit (11), more comorbid conditions (12), and increased age (13). Some physician characteristics also predict lower rates of Pap smears and mammography, including male sex (4) and nongynecologic specialty (14). In this issue, Wee and colleagues (15) present another patient group that may be underscreened: obese women. Using data from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and adjusting for many potential confounding factors, the authors showed that although 83% of normal-weight white women reported having a Pap smear in the previous 3 years, the proportion of obese white women who reported having done so was 8% to 9% lower. The adjusted rate of mammography in the previous 2 years was 67% among normal-weight white women and 4% to 11% lower for obese white women. There are several reasons to be skeptical of Wee and colleagues' conclusion that obese women are screened less frequently. First, the results showed no consistent trend toward less frequent screening among obese black women. Second, the mammography results for white women were not statistically significant. Third, self-report of weight (for more obese women) and last mammography and Pap smear is often biased (16, 17). Fourth, obesity was correlated with less education, lower income, and greater illness burden (probably due to comorbid conditions), factors that are also associated with lower screening rates. Although the analysis adjusted for these factors, other similar, unmeasured factors could account for the results. The study also has many strengths. The NHIS is a large, well-conducted, nationally representative survey that has high response rates and uses carefully designed questions. Because of self-report bias, it is likely that some obese women were categorized as normal weight. In addition, self-report bias probably artificially increased the measured screening rates for all groups. Neither of these effects would explain the clear difference found for Pap smears among white women or the dose-response effect found for mammography among white women (whereby increased weight was associated with progressively lower screening rates). Finally, even if other factors, or residual confounding, actually led to lower screening rates, these factors could in themselves become cause for concern. The study by Wee and colleagues must be confirmed in other patient groups by using methods other than self-report. The differences in the effect of obesity among black and white women need special attention. Taken with the rest of the literature, however, it is likely that among some groups and in some situations, obese patientslike patients with lower socioeconomic status, those with poor health insurance coverage, and those with more comorbid conditionsare screened less frequently for cervical and breast cancer. Two potential mechanisms could explain this finding. First, obese women may decline screening more often than normal-weight women. Future research should examine the extent to which patient preferences vary by patient characteristics, given interventions to equalize understanding of the benefits and harms of screening. A second possible mechanism could be the patient-provider relationship. Here the problem becomes one of quality of care, a medical mistake in which providers, for various reasons and perhaps without even understanding what they are doing, do not offer screening to certain groups of eligible women as often as they do to others. Some data argue that this is at least partly the case. In an analysis of self-reported data from black and white women in eastern North Carolina, we found that previous physician recommendation for mammography was the most important factor in explaining racial differences in screening rates (8). Does the study by Wee and colleagues identify a problem with care quality? Some might argue that the screening rates are reasonably high, that the differences associated with obesity are fairly small, and that, on the whole, the quality of screening is good. They might also argue that the right screening rate is not 100% because some women have additional pressing health issues and others may decline screening. However, those who espouse the new approach to quality would not agree. The right rate of a quality indicator, they might argue, is very nearly 100%. In fact, we should consider every missed patient an error and seek six sigma qualityless than 3.4 errors per 1 million patient visits. This standard is taken from the industrial goal of reducing errors below 6 SDs from the mean of a normal distribution (18). To most physicians, this new way of thinking about qualitydeveloping systems that do the same thing for every eligible patientis foreign. Through encounters with many different patients over many years, physicians learn that inflexibility does not work well in patient care. Physicians who have struggled to tailor their approach to each individual patient may feel that a goal of 100% ( 3.4 errors per million) ignores the variation among human beings. Even so, the new approach to quality of care has many advantages. It demands continuous improvement, teamwork with other office staff, improved documentation, and openness in our ongoing search for optimal care. However, to use the new approach and to chart the way toward six sigma quality, all physicians should agree on quality indicators that equal 100% and use them inflexibly for every patient. For Pap smear and mammography screening, the main indicator cannot be the percentage of eligible women who have been screened during a recommended interval. For new thinking, we need new indicators. Although physicians behave differently with each patient, they must always communicate effectively. This is something we work to attain with every patient we see. Perhaps it is time to change our quality indicator from completed screening to communication about screening. I propose that we develop new quality indicators that assess discussion of the potential benefits and harms of screening. Patients who are too ill to benefit from screening could be exempt, but other patients would be assisted and encouraged to understand the issues and to use their own values to decide about screening. This would include deciding about Pap smears and mammography as well as about colorectal and prostate cancer screening. There are many challenges to developing and using such indicators. The difficulties of human communication and the increasingly limited time available for patient visits make the goal of 100% discussion of benefits and harms seem unrealistic. However, many researchers are now working on communication and decision aids that could improve communication and save time (19), and nonphysician members of the office staff could surely contribute. An emphasis on communication may also provide a needed brake on the ever-faster-paced practice of medicine and may signal where our true values lie. The study by Wee and colleagues is important, but perhaps it should be the last of its type. Future studies should tell us more than how many women received mammography and Pap smears. They should also examine what kind of discussion took place, what kind of discussion should take place, and how we can reach 100% (minus six sigma) in effective communication with all of our patients, regardless of their weight.


Abstract : we report here a 15 year old female patient, known case of type-1 Diabetes Mellitus on insulin for the past 5 years, admitted in our hospital with complaints of reducing visual acuity and increased frequency of micturition. Further     evaluation revealed her to be a case of Wolfram Syndrome. Keyword : Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Insipidus, Deafness, Optic Atrophy


Owing to the global competition, product life cycles are becoming shorter and shorter to meet the various demands of customers, and such situation is usually seen in the electronic industry in recent years. In such highly competitive industry, it has become an important strategy to accelerate new products coming to the market by reducing the pilot runs. Therefore, it leads a small dataset learning problem. In this paper, a real learning task in the Array production process for a TFT-LCD (thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display) that has seventy-two output attributes is proposed. It is quite difficult for most existing modeling algorithms to deal with such a high dimensional situation when the sample size is small in the early stage of a manufacturing system. In order to archive it, this paper employs the box-and-whisker plots to estimate the possible distributions of attribute values, and uses a plausibility assessment mechanism to extend sample sizes for building robust management models. By deriving more samples, the results of the experiment show that the approach presented in this research is effective in building a more robust and precise back-propagation neural network. Engineers thus can infer more process knowledge in advance by applying the model.


The author of this articie cor~siders a iilniteci-space, single-channei, first come first served queueing system with 'flutuating (0, λ) input source'.The death and birth rates of the input source depend on queue length. Free use is made of probability generating functios and LAPLACE transforms. The steady state solution is derived, too.


CRYO ASIC is a System-On-Chip (SoC) waveform digitizer and serializer for Time Projection Chamber experiments operating at cryogenic temperatures. Implemented in 130 nm CMOS process, this ASIC combines both analog and digital functionalities including signal pre-amplification, waveform digitization, and channel multiplexing. CRYO has been designed to meet the requirements of DUNE (far detector) and nEXO experiments through two different variants, where the preamplification stage has been optimized for the input capacitance of each detector, 150 pF and 40 pF respectively, while all other subsystems remain unchanged. The paper presents the test system and results of the DUNE variant at liquid nitrogen (LN2) and room temperatures. The initial results presented here are based on the built-in charge pulse generator that creates a pulse that mimics what the real detector produces.


The thermal properties of a fuel cell stack have great influence on its integral behaviors and lifespan.The temperature characteristic of fuel cell stack is uncertain and nonlinear.The thesis built a model of the stack temperature with BP neural network and analyses the properties of the BP network with test data.The results showed that neural network can be used for modeling of the stack temperature.The approach is referencable for the modeling and control of PEMFC stack.


Viral hepatitis is an ancient disease which remains a major health problem worldwide. The group of hepatitis viruses includes five unrelated human viruses (A to E), which differ in their genome organization, biology, and epidemiology, while being united by their hepatotropism. About 10–15% of cases of viral hepatitis are considered as non-A to E hepatitis, whose aetiology is still unknown, but the search for which has led to the identification of several new viruses (e.g. hepatitis G virus or GB virus-C, TT, and SEN viruses) of uncertain pathogenic significance. Thus, the search for new hepatitis agents responsible for the small proportion of cases with cryptogenic hepatitis continues.


In the 1960s,the Institute of Geography called for chemical process research in physical geography and set up the first department on chemical geography in China.The department has participated in all earlier national programmes on environment,which has promoted the development of environmental sciences and technologies in China.The department also has led other institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences to conduct the studies on the geographic pathogeny and controlling of Keshan disease,Kaschin-Beck disease and other endemics,which has enhanced the initiation and development of medical geography in China.In 2000,the institute redistributed the department from chemical geography to environmental geography,as well as from medical geography to health geography.The expanding research works include the ecological and health risk assessment of pollutants such as heavy metals,the health risks of global environmental change,the biogeochemical cycles of carbon,nitrogen and their relationships with greenhouse gas emissions.Sets of technologies on site pollution treatment and health protection have been developed.Further research into environmental geography and human health will focus on the chemical property of geographic environment,so as to probe into the interactions among environment,human health and socio-economic development,for human safety and sustainable development.


TPS5612 Background: ARTISTRY-7 will evaluate the novel engineered cytokine nemvaleukin alfa (nemvaleukin, ALKS 4230) in patients (pts) with gynecologic cancers. Ovarian cancer (OC) is the 8th most common cause of cancer mortality in women. OC is an area of high unmet need, as many pts become resistant/refractory to frontline platinum-based chemotherapy. In the platinum-resistant setting, standard of care chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 therapy in clinical trials have modest response rates ranging from ~6% to 20% and ~7% to 12%, respectively. Nemvaleukin was designed to selectively bind to the intermediate-affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, preferentially activating antitumor CD8+ T and natural killer cells with minimal regulatory T cell expansion. This selectivity may provide enhanced tumor killing and improved safety/tolerability vs high-dose IL-2. In clinical studies, nemvaleukin, as monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab, has shown clinical benefit in multiple tumor types, including OC. In ARTISTRY-1, in 14 evaluable patients with OC, 4 responses were observed with nemvaleukin + pembrolizumab, including 2 complete responses and 2 partial responses (ORR 28.6%; DCR 71.4%; median DOR 53.4 wks). Nemvaleukin monotherapy activity was also observed (6 melanoma and 4 renal cell carcinoma responses). Methods: ARTISTRY-7 (NCT05092360) is an ongoing phase 3, multicenter, randomized study of nemvaleukin and/or pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy. Eligible pts are women (≥18 y) with histologically confirmed epithelial OC (high-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell), fallopian tube cancer, or primary peritoneal cancer. Pts must have had ≥1 prior line of systemic therapy (platinum-sensitive setting), ≤5 prior lines (platinum-resistant setting), and prior bevacizumab, with radiographic progression on most recent therapy. Pts with primary platinum-refractory disease (progression on first-line platinum therapy) or primary platinum resistance (progression <3 months after first-line platinum therapy completion) are excluded. Approximately 376 pts will be randomized (3:1:1:3) to receive nemvaleukin 6 μg/kg IV (days 1-5) + pembrolizumab 200 mg IV (day 1) of each 21-day cycle, pembrolizumab or nemvaleukin monotherapy, or chemotherapy, and stratified by PD-L1 status, histologic subtype, and chemotherapy (paclitaxel vs other). Pts will continue treatment until disease progression or intolerable toxicity (maximum 35 pembrolizumab cycles; nemvaleukin can be continued). The primary endpoint is investigator-assessed PFS (RECIST v1.1) in the nemvaleukin + pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy arms. Secondary/exploratory endpoints include overall survival, other antitumor measures, safety, health-related quality of life, and PK/PD effects. Clinical trial information: NCT05092360 .


Monitoring of environmental conditions and quality is one of the basic tasks in the field of environmental protection. A significant issue in this field is the issue of responsibility for environmental pollution. A special economic instrument in this is environmental pollution charge, based on the Polluter Pays Principle. The goal of monitoring as an important factor in environmental protection policy planning and principles relating to the prevention and accountability of polluters for the emergence (and remedying) of environmental damage, is the improvement of the quality of the environment.


the cultures remained sterile. It was the finding of these Gram-positive diplococci which suggested the use of Felton's serum, and the intravenous method of injection was selected as the safest. We do not think that the intracarotid method, which is recommended by Kolmer as being both easy and safe, is likely to appeal to the general practitioner. We feel unable to explain the presence of Gram-negative bacilli in the cerebro-spinal fluid on two separate occasions, as every care was taken to avoid contamination.


Objectives Electronic data capture is increasingly used to improve collection of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical trials and care. The validation of electronic patient-reported outcome devices requires information on patient preference and ease of use. This study conducted usability testing for a General Symptom Questionnaire and Medication Module™ on a handheld device for subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) to determine whether subjects can report on their symptoms and medication use using an electronic diary. Methods Nine subjects with OA participating in a large US mode equivalency study were surveyed independently in this study. Subjects completed a General Symptom Questionnaire and Medication Module™ using the LogPad® LW handheld device. Demographic and technology use information was collected, and the subjects were queried on device usability. Results Subjects reported that the handheld device was easy to use and that they were able to complete a General Symptom Questionnaire and Medication Module™ with little or no assistance. They did not report any issues with the screen or size of the device. Subjects were willing to travel with the device to complete electronic diaries at home or in public. Participants indicated that they would be able to use the handheld device to answer questions during a clinical trial. Subjects with OA experienced no physical discomfort during completion of either questionnaire. Conclusion The General Symptom Questionnaire and Medication Module™ were usable and acceptable to subjects with OA on a handheld device. This was consistent regardless of previous experience and confidence with technology, despite the potential physical restrictions for an OA cohort.


Solvent-free condensation of cyclohexanone (1) and diethyl
succinate (2) in the presence of ButOK at room temperature gives
cyclohexylidenesuccinic acid (3), while heating a mixture of 1, 2 and
ButOK at 80 °C gives only cyclohexenylsuccinic acid (4).


The electrical equipment of mechanical conveyors and the associated material flow coordination between them, when a plurality of conveyors for conveying piece goods is con nected, are provided. Intelligent motor starters are included, which are associated with the individual conveyors and respectively combine an autonomous totality composed of logic modules, and which are programmable with the func tions required for material flow coordination, corresponding to the characteristics of the conveyor.


buried, August 17tli. 1714, fever; Edward, eldest son, March 8th, 1721, mortifleation in his face: Dorothy, October 5th,-1723, small-pox. The population of Market Deeping is now (census 1891) 1 079, but this forms olO criterion by which one may estimate tie populatioln in the first part of the eighteenth century. For the sake of comparison, perhaps, it may be supposed that the population was then 800.


So far, the Standard Model (SM) has been very successful in describing non-gravitational interactions of fundamental particles. However, many of its theoretical and experimental shortcomings remain unresolved. In collider searches, Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) signatures are expected to manifest themselves as localised excesses of events in the invariant mass lineshape of their decay products. Alternatively, they may become apparent as deviations in the observed shape of angular distributions. In order to discern BSM phenomena, the expected SM background has to predicted with very high accuracy. This is achieved by use of Monte Carlo (MC) techniques. The ATLAS dijet Trigger Level Analysis (TLA) searches for processes indicative of new physics in final states comprising two jets. Due to the large SM multijet background and the limited bandwidth available to inclusive single-jet triggers, the low mass regime of this search signature is not well constrained by previous experiments. To alleviate the bandwidth limitation, a 20 GeV minimum threshold for the jet transverse momentum has been implemented to reduce the average event size, thus allowing to record events at a higher rate and ultimately resulting in an increased search sensitivity. In the second part of this thesis, kinematic and angular distributions of dijet topologies are studied using the MC event generator PYTHIA 8.219, including topologies with an additional associated jet that have not been considered in previous MC studies. Pure dijet topologies are corrected up to Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) using k-factors derived from the Matrix Element (ME) event generator NLOJET++. Topologies with associated jet production are studied using a reweighting procedure to account for the reduced strong interaction scale associated with the emission of soft jets, as well as under variation of the minimum angular separation between two jets. (Less)


Please, be in the dark no longer about what Columbia offers! And a sincere "power to you" for seeking information on drug abuse treatment. Counseling and Psychological Services (CPS) [2] offers support groups, as well as one-on-one counseling, to discuss drug abuse and various treatment options. While CPS can assist you in the beginning, most students are referred offcampus for longer-term outpatient treatment. To get started, you can make an appointment with CPS by calling x4-2878. Once you get a referral from a CPS counselor, some treatment options are covered by the Health Services Fee [3] that all students pay. Full coverage details, as well as the procedures for utilizing benefits, are available from Health Services at Columbia [4].


The design and performance of a prototype power-conditioning system for use with large brushless dc motors on NASA space missions are discussed in detail and illustrated with extensive diagrams, drawings, and graphs. The 5-kW 8-phase parallel module evaluated here would be suitable for use in the Space Shuttle Orbiter cargo bay. A current-balancing magnetic assembly with low distributed inductance permits high-speed current switching from a low-voltage bus as well as current balancing between parallel MOSFETs.


This "designers' manual" is made during the TIDO-course AR0531 Innovation and Sustainability

This manual explains the whole lifecycle of an industrialized home. In a graphical way the processes are shown that make industrialized homes differ from the ones that are built on-site. Three main stakeholders, the developer, the architect and the contractor, will be addressed to stress why industrialized homes are interesting for them in particular. It is not necessary to read this manual from cover to cover, since the chapters can also be read individually.


Male circumcision offers partial protection against HIV/AIDS and other STIs. In Zambia overall adult HIVprevalence is 13.1 % with 1.6 % of the adult population becoming newly infected each year. Ev ...


In this research, possible methods to improve the air distribution patterns of an operating room (OR) employing CFD method were investigated. Laminar airflow (LAF), turbulent airflow (TAF), and LAF with the air curtain were examined. It was found that LAF and LAF with the air curtain cases were superior to TAF-based cases. The study showed that the LAF and LAF with the air curtain cases as the proposed configurations have an acceptable capability to maintain the indoor air conditions within the range recommended by the standards. According to the simulations, the LAF with the air curtain case is the most suitable case in terms of the contamination risk, and it was recommended to be implemented in the existing OR.


Conjoined twins(CT) are a rare complication of monozygotic twinning(MT) in which one or more organs are joined in utero. Although the embryopathogenesis of these cases remains a lively focus of interest, the impact on the development of the umbilical cord(UC) and its vessels in CT remains still poorly investigated1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract : This document describes the use of continuation or homotopy procedures in an efficient algorithm for the calculation of raypaths from points within a region at depth to receivers on the surface. Polynomials define the interfaces in a two-dimensional piecewise constant velocity medium. Starting with horizontal layering only, the interfaces are gradually deformed until the desired earth model is achieved. At each deformation step the ray equations determined by Fermat's Principle are solved using Newton's method and the ray from the first source position to a receiver vertically above it is found. Next the author employs source continuation, moving the source on a grid within the region of interest. At each source position he finds the rays to all receivers using continuation in receiver location. Knowing the raypaths, it is straightforward to construct a table of traveltimes. These traveltimes alone serve to position reflectors in the subsurface. Two examples of migration and indicate possible applications to forward modeling are given. Additional keywords: Numerical methods and procedures, Fortran, Computer programs, Charts. (Author)


The invention relates to a catalyst for producing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and a preparation method thereof, and mainly solves the problem that a catalyst is bad in 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol selectivity when 1,4-benzenedimethanol is subjected to hydrogenation in the prior art. According to the catalyst for producing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol by employing hydrogenation of 1,4-benzenedimethanol, active carbon decorated by at least one of MoS2 and WS2 is taken as a carrier, Pd, Au and Cu are taken as active components, and the mass ratio of Au to Cu is 1:(5.8-6.2). The technical scheme relatively well solves the problems and is applicable to industrial production of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.


Ouch phrases as "living constitution" and "balanced governments" are daily encounters in political discussion. We speak and we write in metaphors, and we could scarcely get along without them. But the consequence may be more than felicity of phrase, for though figurative language can provide powerful analytic tools, it can also be the source of distortion and misrepresentation. Analysis is a function of the language we employ, and frequently "our thoughts do not select the words we use; instead, words determine the thoughts we have." 1 When this happens, language may impose on entities properties they do not in fact possess, or relationships that do not in fact exist; language, which is intended to clarify and illuminate, may then have just the opposite effect. In any case, the consequences of metaphoric expression, both substantively and methodologically, should not be minimized. My purpose here is to examine the methodological implications of metaphoric usage in political analysis, with primary emphasis on the organizing power that has been demonstrated, in American political thinking, by the concepts of mechanism and evolutionism (though space limitations prevent an extended discussion of the latter). Each has served to impose a distinctive pattern of analysis on the field. Mechanism underwrote a rigidly structured formalism that made possible an almost wholly deductive study of politics. Evolutionism stimulated the "pragmatic revolt" that overthrew formalism and transformed political science into an empirical discipline. The contemporary revival of a theoretical politics derives much from prevailing models of "system," few of i Weiler Embler, "Metaphor and Social Belief," in S. I. Hayakawa, ed., Language, Meaning and Maturity (New York 1954) p. 125.


Virtual reality reconstructions of ancient historical sites have become a valuable technique for popularising science and visualising expert knowledge to general audiences. Most such reconstructions only re-create buildings and artefacts and place them in the context of the virtual environment, but what is often missing in such simulations is the ability to see how ancient people lived their daily life in these environments. Our presented case study shows how the use of genetic algorithms and simulation of physiological needs helped us to populate the 3D reconstruction of the city of Uruk with a large crowd of intelligent agents simulating daily life of ancient Sumerians in Uruk.


The invention discloses a chelated multi-element foliage fertilizer, relating to the field of agricultural fertilizers. The chelated multi-element foliage fertilizer is prepared by mixing and chelating the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of urea, 20-25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20-25 parts of potassium chloride, 12-18 parts of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 8-10 parts of borax, 10-14 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts of sodium molybdate, 1.5-2.5 parts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 65 parts of water. The chelated multi-element foliage fertilizer has the characteristics of full nutrition, high utilization rate, good absorption, quick acting, wide application range and the like, and can be widely used as a foliage fertilizer for fruits, vegetables, grain and other crops.


The red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (Acarina: Mesostigmata), is a temporary blood-sucking ectoparasite of poultry and other avian species, with a worldwide distribution. It can occasionally bite mammals, including humans, and cause dermatitis. Medical textbooks frequently cite itching and cutaneous lesions resulting from red-mite bites as a normal occurrence in subjects working in close conjunction with poultry. In fact, D. gallinae is one of the most common pests and a major cause of economic loss in the poultry industry, with a farm prevalence of up to 90%.1 In the literature, red-mite dermatitis (RMD) is generally regarded as an urban hygiene issue. Not only …


To recover light hydrocarbon from gas which is rich in condensed liquid component is an important way to raise an added value of natural gas.A large amount of energy will be consumed during the recovery.Therefore,an ability of both energy saving and consumption reducing for recovery unit is very significant.Analyzing every treatment of the unit in Natural Gas Company,PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company,combining with management experiences,this paper presents the unit design and the energy-saving technology in management link.


Supplier selection problem is one of the essential business activities related to sustainable development. This research conducted in a plastic manufacturing company that uses recycled Polypropylene (PP) type of plastic raw materials to reduce production costs and maintain the sustainability of the environment. The company faced some problems in supplier selection, which must be performed considering several criteria such as price, delivery, capability, and flexibility. In this paper, a decision-making process is proposed to solve the sustainable supplier selection in a multi-item and multi-supplier environment. This research proposes a model that combines the Best Worst Method (BWM), Technique For Reference Orders By Similarity To Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and Multi-Objective Linear Programming (MOLP) to solve problems in sustainable supplier selection and order allocation. The results of this research can help managers to select suppliers and determine the optimal order allocation.


We present a quantum analysis of the measurement of a relative optical phase using a many-port method that can be implemented using arrays of photodetectors in the limit of a large number of detector elements. Its application to coherent states and states not describable by the semiclassical theory shows that the many-port method has in principle several advantages compared to an eight-port method previously studied. In some cases, especially for very weak fields, the many-port method provides a more faithful characterization (i.e., a smoother distribution) of the distribution of the relative phase than does the eight-port method. The definition used here for the relative phase between two fields is an operational one, not corresponding to any presently known Hermitian phase operator. We discuss the conditions under which our phase definition corresponds to the best estimate in the maximum-likelihood sense. We find that if the many-port data set is analyzed in a way that retains the contributions from zero photon counts, the many-port phase distribution takes on a character that resembles other phase distributions, such as the Pegg-Barnett or Wigner phase distributions, that show very small modulation depth in the case of weak fields.


The report describes the conduct of and the impacts resulting from the implementation of a family of demand-responsive transit services and several related innovations in Greece and Irondequoit, New York, two suburbs of Rochester.


Abstract Let R be a prime ring of characteristic different from 2, U be its Utumi quotient ring with the extended centroid C and be a non-central multilinear polynomial over C. Suppose that F, G and H are b-generalized derivations on R such that for all then we describe all possible forms of F, G and H.


Objective: to estimate quality of life changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) while adding tocilizumab (TCZ) to therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and to study the efficiency and safety of the therapy in RA patients with an inadequate response to previous DMARD treatment. Subjects and methods. 201 patients with RA were examined. All the patients received six intravenous infusions of TCZ 8 mg/kg at a 4-week interval during stable therapy with DMARDs and glucocorticoids. The EULAR/ACR classification criteria and SDAI and CDAI were used to evaluate the efficiency of TCZ therapy. Remission was assessed by the EULAR criteria. Results and discussion. Prior to TCZ therapy, median [25th to 75th percentiles] DAS28 6.8 [6.1 to 7.4], SDAI 41.8 [34.6 to 53.7], and CDAI 39.2 [31.4 to 49.5] corresponded to high RA activity. At week 4 of TCZ therapy, there was a reduction in DAS28 (4.6 [3.8 to 5.4]), SDAI (24.6 [17.8 to 33.4]), and CDAI (23.6 [17.5 to 32.0]), which was retained until 24 weeks (р < 0.01). At week 24 of TCZ therapy, good and fair effects according to the EULAR criteria were observed in 133 (70.4%) and 54 (28.6%) patients, respectively; no effect was seen in 2 (1.1%) patients. The ACR20/50/70 effect was recorded in 89.1, 70.6, and 44.3% of the patients, respectively. EULAR and SDAI remissions were achieved in 51.3 and 21.4%, respectively. There were improvements in functional status and quality of life according to the EQ-5D and SF-36 questionnaires. C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate normalized 4 weeks after the first infusion of the drug and remained until week 24 of treatment. Conclusion. Thus, an analysis of the data of the Russian trial convincingly suggests that TCZ is effective and well tolerated in severe RA resistant to standard therapy with DMARDs.


In this paper, we propose a Mix-resolution Bone-related Statistical Deformable Model (mBr-SDM) to improve the predicting accuracy of orthognathic surgery, particularly for the main deformation region. Mix-resolution Br-SDM consists of two separate Br-SDM of different resolutions: a high-resolution Br-SDM which is trained with more samples to capture the detail deforming variations in the main deforming regions of interest, together with a low-resolution Br-SDM which is trained with a smaller number of samples to capture the major variations of the remaining facial points. The experiments have shown that the mix-resolution Br-SDM is able to significantly reduce the predicting error compared with the corresponding Finite Element Model, while giving a low computational cost which is characteristic of the SDM approach.


With the 2015 Rugby World Cup about to kick off, we take a look the stats behind one of the world's toughest sports.


The multifaceted characteristics of complicated grief and multiple losses that refugees experience when they resettle in North America can intensify bereavement and generate negative impacts not only on individual well-being but also on generational continuity and community cohesion. The ineffectiveness of Western psychological treatments to assist non-Western, non-Christian refugees in mental health distress can be balanced by various religious strategies employed by refugees to facilitate healing, re-create traditional definitions of identity (individual and communal), enhance positive emotional support, and redefine narratives of the past. Buddhist refugees provide an example of the use of such strategies, with clear applicability to the increasing number of other newly resettled refugees in North America.


Innovation takes place within the global context, the world I call 'Globalia'. On a global scale there are few saturated markets. Globalia holds practically unlimited growth potential for innovative companies. This is especially true with regard to the international exchange of goods. Figure 1 shows the development of global per capita exports since 1900 when they were close to zero. It took 80 years to bring global per capita exports to 437 dollars. In the following 20 years they more than doubled and since 2000 they almost tripled again to 2,634 dollars in 2013.


We report a case of hemodynamic instability due to bradycardia on the basis of severe hyperkalemia. Diabetic ketoacidosis and acute kidney injury together with polypharmacy triggered the acute onset. Potentially life‐threatening hyperkalemia is often induced by drug interactions. ECG features may be crucial for diagnosis, and treatment depends on setting and resources.


ABSTRACT The degradation kinetics of ascorbic acid in food products is presented in the paper. Vibrofluidized method of drying was considered. Experiments were carried out for a model substance (silica gel)and agricultural products, namely: fresh green peas, potatoes and cabbage. Experimental data were described by means of three mathematical methods: a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model, a mathematical model of degradation kinetics of ascorbic acid and a hybrid model. The hybrid model connects neural computation with the mathematical model. All approaches provide an excellent process description. In the case of multilayer perceptron, the proposed method is simpler to implement when compared to the mathematical and the hybrid methods.


Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with nonflammability, shape flexibility, and high SPE/Li interfacial stability are poised to be an enabler for solid-state lithium batteries, but their application is restricted by low room-temperature ionic conductivity and poor mechanical strength at elevated temperatures. Herein, hyperstar polymers are synthesized with hyperbranched PEO serving as the star core and linear polystyrene (PS) serving as the arms. The hyperbranched topological structure suppresses crystallization and facilitates PEO segmental motion, and the steric hindrance for PEO segmental motion is tuned by controlling the average chain length of the branched PEO segments. The rigid PS arms entangle during phase separation and form mechanically strong physical cross-links. An all-solid-state Li/LiFePO4 battery based on our hyperstar SPE delivers a stable capacity of 142 mAh g–1 at 0.2C owing to fast ion transport and stable electrolyte/electrode interfaces.


At present, the modeling of mixed-point connection is mainly based on the assumption of infinite structure without considering the influence of boundary factors on the modeling and analysis results. This paper reviews the modeling methods of mixed-point connection model. At the same time, the conventional modeling methods of hybrid line connection is studied for the hybrid line connection model, and some new research topics are proposed for some problems of hybrid point and hybrid line connection modelling.