The main programs of public fire safety education carried out at home and abroad and the problems existing in current public fire safety education in China cities are invetigated.The differences in principles and implementation methods between the public fire safety education programs at home and sbroad are comparatively studied.The technologies and theories of education which required to catalyze and promote the formation of education outcomes and safety quality during fire safety education are studied.Based on the studies above,the countermeasures aiming at the problems exist in current fire safety education in China cities are brought forward in this paper.


The location-triangle framework, which was originally established by Alfred Weber, has been expanded in various ways and generalized as the Weber-Moses location-triangle model. However, several essential elements, in particular, regarding agglomeration economies have been excluded from the model framework. This may cause a potential difficulty to connect location-triangle approach with recent more advanced spatial economic analysis. In this paper, an alternative hypothetical model is introduced to the location triangle framework with the notions of agglomeration economies and corresponding transportation costs. The alternative model framework enables the location-triangle model to deal with investigating modern complex industrial organizations. Further avenues of extension are also discussed.


Cancer metastasis is a multistep process associated with the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Although significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating EMT and the CSC phenotype, little is known of how these processes are regulated by epigenetics. Here we demonstrate that reduced expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) plays an important role in the induction of EMT and the CSC phenotype by prostate cancer (PCa) cells, with enhanced tumorigenesis and metastasis. First, we observed that reduction of DNMT1 by 5-azacitidine (5-Aza) promotes EMT induction as well as CSCs and sphere formation in vitro. Reduced expression of DNMT1 significantly increased PCa migratory potential. We showed that the increase of EMT and CSC activities by reduction of DNMT1 is associated with the increase of protein kinase C. Furthermore, we confirmed that silencingDNMT1iscorrelated withenhancementoftheinductionofEMTand theCSCphenotypeinPCacells.Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay reveals that reduction of DNMT1 promotes the suppression of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3ontheZeb2andKLF4promoterregioninPCacells.Critically,wefoundinananimalmodelthatsignificanttumor growth and more disseminated tumor cells in most osseoustissueswere observedfollowing injection of 5-Aza pretreated– PCa cells compared with vehicle-pretreated PCa cells. Our results suggest that epigenetic alteration of histone demethylation regulated by reduction of DNMT1 may control induction of EMT and the CSC phenotype, which facilitates tumorigenesis in PCa cells and has important therapeutic implications in targeting epigenetic regulation.


Pursuant to section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA), and Executive Order 13148, Greening the Government Through Leadership in Environmental Management, the US Department of Energy has prepared and submitted a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory for the Hanford Site covering activities performed during calendar year 2001. EPCRA Section 313 requires facilities that manufacture, process, or otherwise use listed toxic chemicals in quantities exceeding established threshold levels to report total annual releases of those chemicals. During calendar year 2001, Hanford Site activities resulted in one chemical used in amounts exceeding an activity threshold. Accordingly, the Hanford Site 2001 Toxic Chemical Release Inventory, DOE/RL-2002-37, includes total annual amount of lead released to the environment, transferred to offsite locations, and otherwise managed as waste.


The present study was conducted with purposively selected 120 unorganized and 24 organized poultry farmers of Gorakhpur and Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) to know the disease status in chicken production in U. P. An interview schedule was developed incorporating relevant questions and pretested and modified to final format for data collection. The data were collected from farmers through personal interview and processed by frequency and percentage analysis.


was not only the psychhological turning point of world war II: it also changed the face of modern warfare. Historians and reviewers worldwide have hailed Antony Beevor's magisterial stalingard as the definitive account of world war II's most harrowing battle.


Blogging," which predicts a shift in Web design. The authors argue that the structure of blogs that they have outlined will become more common. They also argue that companies can employ blogs alongside current marketing strategies to improve the quality of their customer service. Based on their experience with corporate use of blogs, it is very hard to deny the possibility of these assertions. Publish & Prosper: Blogging for Your Business is a guide for forward-thinking businesspeople who would like to incorporate blogs into their business plan. Byron and Broback provide an affordable book (approximately US$20.00) for businesses at all stages of development that informs experienced and novice bloggers and soon-to-be bloggers. Businesses that blog or want to try blogging will benefit from this user-friendly read. One suggestion that I have for the authors is to include a list of their own blogs. With such a list, readers could visit the authors online to see the best practices in action and engage the authors in dialogue. That said, the authors' blogs are easy to find using search engines. Readers can visit one of the authors' joint blogs relevant to this text: the Blog Business Summit, available at http:// blogbusinesssummit.com. This blog testifies to the applicability of this book's strategies for businesses of all sizes.


Abstract A drift sampler for use in small streams is described. The mouthpiece is the rectangular end of a plastic adaptor for rainwater guttering, and a 1 m long, 45 μm mesh net is attached to the circular posterior. Three such adaptors, plus nets, are placed side by side 70 mm apart and attached to aluminium flat. The whole structure is attached to metal stakes driven into the stream bed. The catch of the sampler is compared with a standard drift sampler, and the replicates are analysed for variance.


The increase of the incidence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) dependent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is alarming, although we have greatly progressed in the classification and staging of this disease. We now know that OPSCC-HPV+ is a sub-type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with favourable prognosis and good response to therapy that needs a proper system of classification and staging. Thus, in routine practice it is essential to test patients for the presence of HPV. The most popular technique to assess HPV status is immunohistochemistry on biopsy samples with p16, which is an excellent surrogate for high-risk HPV infection. Another highly sensitive and specific tissue-based technique for the detection of HPV is RNAscope In Situ Hybridization (ISH) that has a prohibitive cost, limiting its use in routine practice. Radiomic is an artificial intelligence based non-invasive method of computational analysis of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and ultrasound images. A growing body of evidence suggest that radiomics is able to characterise and detect early relapse after treatment, and enable development of tailored therapy of HPV-positive OPSCC. In this review, we summarise the last findings of radiomic applied to HPV-associated OPSCC.


This paper considers a data dissemination problem for vehicular cloud systems, in which delivery services from a data center provide data to vehicles through roadside wireless access points having local data storages. We propose a greedy data prefetching algorithm; by exploiting the completely predictable route information and the stochastic characteristics of the communication with APs, the algorithm predetermines how to distribute a set of data from a data center to local data storages, and minimizes the amount of data dissemination. The results from extensive simulations show that the proposed scheme can achieve efficient data dissemination in a variety of vehicular scenarios while minimizing the data transfer.


The epidemic of obesity is currently affecting more than 30% of the population in the United States. Obesity increased the expression of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR), a component of the renin‐angiotensin system, in adipose tissue. In male mice, the deletion of adipocyte PRR prevented the development of obesity and the accumulation of fat mass. However, similar to mouse model with lipodystrophy and mouse model with obesity, adipocyte‐PRR deficient (PRRAdi/Y) mice are characterized by a fatty liver and by an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP). Sex‐related differences in factors associated with obesity exist between male and females, therefore the objective of our study was to determine whether the remarkable phenotype of the male PRRAdi/Y mice was sustained in female.


The main goal of this study is to numerically determine a converged optimal heating pattern for the Graetz problem in a two-dimension channel subjected to a discrete heating profile. The heat input is provided by multiple independent heaters, while considering the following conditions: symmetric and asymmetric heating without a conductive wall and symmetric heating with a conductive wall. The optimization process, which was based on the genetic algorithm, shows a strong dependence of the cooling performance on the heating profile which is especially affected at relatively low flow speeds if the wall conduction is not present. If conduction through the wall is considered, the importance of the heating pattern is reduced for relatively thick walls. Results also indicate that asymmetric heating conditions are not recommended when compared with symmetric patterns.


The proposal to setup an integrated rail-ma&pipeline (RRP) system, called the Land Bridge Project (LBP) would link up the sea-pats of Butterworth and Songkhla. The entire project is under the private sector initiative. The consortium is building the project on the assumption of maximising the present infrastructure. The consoritum is hopeful to reduce the traffic congestion and indirectly the level of pollution in the Straits of Malacca. But many agencies have posed questions such as Malaysian Institute of Maritime Affairs (MIMA). Government needs to ensure that the study is not necessarily left to the private sector alone, rather it should join and verify during the study is in progress and even invite international experts to ensure that all the necessary precautionary measures were taken and hence approved the project to be implemented. The theme of the paper is to caution the parties concerned not to refrain from the primary objective. The LBP was initiated to safeguard the environment, therefore the social cost and benefit needs to be considered first in the CBA analysis. Profit and cost from business point of view should not override the social one. Another important concern is, if the sea is busy, most likely the land route remains unaffected. But if the freight (or traffic) is diverted from sea to road, the congestion might multiply to the road as well, whereas the traffic in the Straits remains almost unchanged, because, according to the MIMA estimates, only 10 to 15 per cent of the traffic of vessels can be lessened from the Straits, and which, according to their experts estimates, it will not benefit much to the Straits traffic congestion. Therefore, if one vessel is unloaded, several lorries are required to transship the containers and which might aggravate the already worsened situation.This paper attempts to raise such few queries and therefore request the authorities concerned to look into these issues before giving the signal to go ahead, so as to minimize the errors as much as possible and ensure long run environment friendly solution.


Ultrastructural changes of the chloroplast which occur parallel to the decay of photosynthetic capacity during the heterotrophic ageing of Scenedesmus cells have been studied. A gradual disappearance of the starch grains took place as the nutrients in the growth medium were depleted. Accompanying this change was a deterioration in the structure of the cytoplasm coupled with a concomitant granular appearance. At the same time thylakoid structures were not only well preserved but accumulated more material. This resulted in an increasing number of stacked thylakoids and a thickening of the membranes.


Abstract : Coarsening kinetics of delta prime in Al-Li and Al-Li-Ag alloys were studied. The influence of deformation on the growth of delta prime was also investigated.


Temperature-dependent time-resolved PL measurements were performed for blue-purplish InGaN multiple quantum wells grown on various kinds of underlying layers (ULs). By using an InGaN UL, excitons recombined radiatively at low temperatures, being confined in the shallow potential minima (7.1meV), while they radiatively recombined two-dimensionally with high luminescent efficiency at around room temperature, being delocalized thermally from the potential minima. Therefore, the exciton localization is not necessary in order to obtain high luminescent efficiency, but it is important to annihilate the nonradiative recombination centers by incorporation of indium atoms into ULs.


Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics Bi0.5(Na1-x-yKxLiy)0.5TiO3 were prepared by the conventional ceramic sintering technique. The dielectric properties and the microstructures of these piezoelectric ceramics were also studied. The measurement results of the dielectric properties reveal that the dielectric constants and the dielectric losses of the materials reach a maximum at x=0.20~0.25, the dielectric constants and the dielectric losses increase with y increasing, and the dielectric constant peaks appear in the temperature of 300~350℃ in the dielectric constant - temperature curves. And the dielectric loss peaks appear in the temperature of 120~200℃ in the dielectric loss-temperature curves. It is found that the optimized sintering condition is at 1 100~1 150℃, 2~3 h, the grains of the ceramics have very regular shape, the grain size of the ceramics is in the range of 1.2~2.5 μm. The ceramics of high Li concentration have lower sintering temperature, and K promotes the growth in some directions of crystalline grains.


Enterococci, particularly Enterococcus faecium, have always had a high intrinsic level of resistance to antimicrobial agents [1, 2]. It was first recognized in 1971 that enterococci could be optimally killed by taking advantage of the synergistic effect obtained when ampicillin or vancomycin is combined with an aminoglycoside [3-5]. However, by the 1980s, high-level resistance to gentamicin and other aminoglycosides was being seen with increasing frequency [1, 6, 7]. This discovery was followed in 1988 by the clinical isolation of an enterococcal strain that was resistant to vancomycin [8, 9]. From 1989 to 1993, the percentage of enterococcal isolates with vancomycin resistance reported to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) increased from 0.3% to 7.9% [10]. Although various resistance patterns have been reported, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium also commonly have ampicillin and high-level aminoglycoside resistance [1, 2]. This results in a bacterial strain that may be untreatable with currently available antimicrobial agents. Although vancomycin-resistant enterococci have been identified in more than 33 states, infections have occurred most frequently in hospitals in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland [10-12]. Patients infected or colonized with this organism were first detected in the Baltimore area in 1989; the first episode at our institution was reported in December of that year [13]. The appearance of these highly resistant strains prompted us to do a series of studies to assess the extent of colonization and infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci in our patient population, to define risk factors for acquisition, and to evaluate the effect of interventions on rates of colonization and infection. Methods Data were collected from a university hospital (557 beds), cancer center (62 beds), and adjacent shock trauma center (138 beds). The university hospital serves both as a state and regional tertiary referral center and the primary source of care for the immediate West Baltimore community. During the study period (May 1992 to June 1994), 59 196 patients were admitted to these institutions. Beginning in May 1992, basic demographic and clinical data were collected on all patients from whom vancomycin-resistant enterococci were isolated. Standard CDC definitions were used to differentiate active infection from colonization [14]. Data on blood isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci were obtained by review of data from the hospital microbiology laboratory. Computerized pharmacy databases were used to determine the number of doses administered of selected antimicrobial agents, including vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime. Point-Prevalence Surveys To determine the rate of the colonization of patient stool with vancomycin-resistant enterococci, we did a series of point-prevalence surveys. For each survey, we selected a random 30% sample of all persons who were on the inpatient census as of midnight on the dates selected for study (25 July, 16 August, and 27 September 1993). During the 3 days after each randomization date, efforts were made to collect a stool sample for culture from each patient selected in the randomization. Stool samples were also obtained from normal, healthy community volunteers who had been recruited as outpatients for unrelated vaccine trial studies. Case-Control Studies Two casecontrol studies were done in October 1993. In the first study, patients on the surgical intensive care and surgical intermediate care units from whom vancomycin-resistant enterococci had been isolated between May 1992 and October 1993 (case-patients) were compared with an unmatched random sample of patients who had been hospitalized on the same units during the same time period (controls). Controls could only be patients who had been hospitalized for at least 7 days (the minimum number of days between hospital admission and the isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from a case-patient). In the second study, all adult patients with urine cultures positive for nosocomially acquired vancomycin-resistant enterococci who were identified between May 1992 and October 1993 (case-patients) were compared with an unmatched random sample of patients with urine cultures positive for nosocomially acquired vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (controls). Both studies included colonized and infected case-patients. Age; sex; diagnoses; and data on instrumentation, antimicrobial therapy, and severity of illness (measured by the Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II] score [15]) were obtained by chart review. For case-patients, data reflected events occurring before the positive culture was collected. For controls, data represented either the entire time the patient was in the intensive care or intermediate care unit (surgical intensive care unit study) or the hospital stay until the positive culture for vancomycin-sensitive enterococci (urinary tract infection study); the midpoint of the intensive care unit or hospital stay was designated as the day of positive culture for comparison with case-patients. Observational Studies Patients with vancomycin-resistant enterococci were placed in multidrug-resistant organism isolation, similar to the CDC's recommended contact isolation [16]. From 1 November to 14 November, compliance with isolation procedures was seen on four wards: two general medical and surgical wards, the surgical intensive care unit, and the surgical intermediate care unit. For twenty 30-minute periods, each room was observed and the occupation, duties, and patient or environment contacts of each person entering the room were recorded. We noted whether each patient's room had a sign indicating isolation for a multidrug-resistant organism, whether gowns and gloves were readily accessible outside the room, whether each person washed his or her hands before and after the visit, and whether gowns and gloves were worn in situations requiring their use. As part of these studies, hand cultures were obtained from health care workers on these four wards by having volunteers rub a sterile hand wipe moistened with 0.02% polysorbate 80 detergent over their hands for at least 30 seconds [17]. Selected environmental cultures were obtained by using sterile swabs moistened with sterile saline. Environmental and hand-wipe specimens were processed at the CDC and were cultured by using the membrane filter technique [17, 18]. Membrane filters were then cultured on m-Enterococcus agar [18]. Interventions Infection Control Measures Beginning in October 1993, routine admission and weekly stool surveillance cultures for vancomycin-resistant enterococci were obtained from all patients in the surgical intensive care and intermediate care units. Patients colonized or infected with vancomycin-resistant enterococci in these units were spatially segregated, and nurses caring for the patients were placed in cohorts. Nurses caring for culture-positive patients in the cancer center were also placed in cohorts. Restrictions on Vancomycin Use Beginning in December 1993, vancomycin use was restricted to 1) treatment of documented, culture-proven infections with organisms not susceptible to alternative agents [that is, methicillin-resistant S. aureus or coagulase-negative staphylococci]; 2) treatment of patients in whom there was a high index of suspicion of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections on the basis of history, surveillance cultures, or Gram stain; 3) treatment of Clostridium difficile infections in patients who had not responded to an initial course of therapy with metronidazole; 4) treatment of gram-positive infections in patients with documented, severe allergy to -lactam antimicrobial agents; 5) single doses of vancomycin just before hospital discharge in anephric patients with gram-positive infections; and 6) surgical prophylaxis as part of a previously approved investigational protocol for recipients of solid organ transplants. For all other uses, the patient's attending physician was required to obtain permission from the infectious disease attending physician on service. Compliance with this policy was monitored by the Department of Pharmacy Services. Vancomycin was not dispensed unless an appropriate indication was documented or the infectious disease attending physician approved use of the drug. If inappropriate therapy was identified, recommendations were made for the use of alternative agents. Microbiological Analysis Enterococci were identified by using standard microbiological methods, including hydrolyzing esculin and growth in 6.5% NaCl [19]. Identification of the organisms to the species level was done using the conventional test scheme defined by Facklam and Collins [20]. Antimicrobial susceptibilities to ampicillin, vancomycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin were determined by using the E-test quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration procedure (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden). Quality control strains of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212, 51299) were used to ensure the potency of each antimicrobial agent tested. With the exception of vancomycin, susceptibility interpretations followed the guidelines proposed by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards [21, 22]. For this study, vancomycin resistance was defined as any enterococcal isolate with a minimum inhibitory concentration to vancomycin of at least 16 g/mL. Vancomycin resistance was confirmed by hybridization to specific gene probes (see below). We used trypticase soy agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood (BBL, Cockeysville, Maryland) to isolate enterococci from urine, wounds, and sterile body fluids. For stool samples collected as part of the point-prevalence studies and for routine stool surveillance for vancomycin-resistant enterococci, sa


Probabilistic modeling is widely used in industrial practices, particularly for assessing complex systems' safety, risk analysis, and reliability. Conventional risk analysis methodologies generally have a limited ability to deal with dependence, failure behavior, and epistemic uncertainty such as parameter uncertainty. This work proposes a risk-based reliability assessment approach using a dynamic evidential network (DEN). The proposed model integrates Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) for describing parameter uncertainty with a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) for dependency representation and multi-state system reliability. This approach treats uncertainty propagation across conditional belief mass tables (CBMT). According to the results acquired in an interval, it is possible to analyze the risk like interval theory, and ignoring this uncertainty may lead to prejudiced results. The epistemic uncertainty should be adequately defined before performing the risk analysis. A case study of a level control system is used to highlight the methodology's ability to capture dynamic changes in the process, uncertainty modeling, and sensitivity analysis that can serve decision making.


Ananas comosusL. (Merr.) (pineapple) was grown at three day/night temperatures and 350 (ambient) and 700 (elevated) μmol mol CO2 to examine the interactive effects of these factors on leaf gas exchange and stable carbon isotope discrimination (∆,‰). All data were collected on the youngest mature leaf for 24 h every 6 weeks. CO2 uptake (mmol m –2 d) at ambient and elevated CO2, respectively, were 306 and 352 at 30/20 °C, 175 and 346 at 30/25 °C and 187 and 343 at 35/25 °C. CO 2 enrichment enhanced CO2 uptake substantially in the day in all environments. Uptake at night at elevated CO2, relative to that at ambient CO2, was unchanged at 30/20 °C, but was 80% higher at 30/25 °C and 44% higher at 35/25 °C suggesting that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was not CO2-saturated at ambient CO2 levels and a 25 °C night temperature. Photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE) was higher at elevated than at ambient CO2. Leaf ∆-values were higher at elevated than at ambient CO 2 due to relatively higher assimilation in the light. Leaf ∆ was significantly and linearly related to the fraction of total CO2 assimilated at night. The data suggest that a simultaneous increase in CO2 level and temperature associated with global warming would enhance carbon assimilation, increase WUE, and reduce the temperature dependence of CO2 uptake by A. comosus. Key-words: Ananas comosus ; carbon isotope discrimination; CO2 enrichment; Crassulacean acid metabolism; pineapple.


Is there any reason for calling psychoanalysis a 'Jewish science'? There is one, particularly significant: the affirmation of the act of birth thanks to which there emerges a new individual psychic life. In this article, I argue that the psychoanalysis which takes a positive view on the issue of separation is natalistic: it offers a particular philosophy of life, which chimes with the existential tenets of Jewish tradition. The Jewishness of psychoanalysis would thus manifest itself not so much in being a 'science', but in the way in which it follows the Jewish torat hayim, the 'teaching of life'. The gist of this teaching lies in the specific attitude towards the human condition of natality: instead of trying to undo the trauma of birth, the Jewish singular life walks away from the place of its origin and never indulges in the phantasy of virtual return.


The invention discloses an encryption system and an encryption method based on TrustZone, belonging to the field of encryption of mobile devices. According to the invention, a mobile device system builds a normal mode and a safe mode, in the safe mode, a safe microkernel is preset, and the safe microkernel divides a safe zone memory into a plurality of task memory spaces and supports simultaneous running of independent safe applications; when upper applications need to be encrypted or decrypted, the mobile device system enters in a system monitor mode, context of the normal mode is backed up in the monitor mode, and then, the system enters in a safe mode, a driver layer calls the safe microkernel through a TrustZone API after receiving a call command of the upper applications, the system enters in a user running mode of the safe mode to execute corresponding safe services, and the safe microkernel returns back a key to a server for verification after encryption and decryption; and after the key passes the verification of the server, a user program and the server start normal data exchange, and restore the context of the normal mode.


Although "multicultural education" has been implemented in school districts across the country for more than two decades, these approaches generally have relegated notions of "culture" to observable surface markers of folklore, food, and holidays. Practitioners have been in-serviced with new sets of stereotypes that assume that all members of a particular group share a normative and an integrated view of their own culture. Processual approaches to culture that take into account ambiguity and multiple perspectives can reorient educators to consider the everyday lived experiences of their students. The households from which students emerge are intersected by multiply mediated constructs that can belie a harmonious and homogeneous set of shared cultural forms. Data from an educational project that exposes practitioners to alternate views of cultural processes are presented and analyzed in terms of classroom practice.


Mathematics outcomes in South Africa are very low and many researchers and stakeholders have expressed concerns about the poor performance in mathematics at school level, especially in geometry (Luneta, 2015; Mthembu, 2007; Singh, 2006; Van Putten, Stols & Howie, 2010). Euclidean geometry forms part of the core curriculum of mathematics in the Further Education and Training (FET) band in South Africa; however, many learners seem to have the opinion that the study of geometry is irrelevant to their daily lives (Patkin & Levenberg, 2012).


Workplace stress has been an increasing concern in the construction industry. Workers are
working longer hours and construction managers' responsibilities are becoming more
complex and complicated due to reduced resources and widespread stakeholder
involvements. These additional pressures potentially trigger workplace stress and impact
on project performance. The purpose of this study is to examine and advance
understanding of stress and its impact relationships that support holistic and strategic
stress management. 17 key stress sources are identified with their impact relationships on
different stress types examined. Based on the research findings, this paper concludes with
a Stressor-Stress-Performance relationships map.


Separation of selenium and tellurium by reversed-phase paper chromatography with tributyl phosphate as the stationary phase and hydrobromic acid or sodium bromide solutions of various concentrations as the mobile phase, has been investigated. The results may be summarized as follows: Selenium and tellurium may be separated with 1-2 M of hydrobromic acid or 8 M of sodium bromide solutions. The R_F values of both selenium and tellurium decrease with increasing concentration of hydrobromic acid. While the R_F values of selenium remain practically constant with various concentrations of sodium bromide solution, those of tellurium decrease with increasing concentration of the latter. Selenium (3-60μg) and tellurium (0.5-10μg), after separation from each other chromatographically, may be estimated by direct comparison of colour intensity with known spots or by conventional colorimetric methods (cf. Table 3).


A flat-plate solar energy collector design using thin-film plastics in both the absorber and glazing is described. The design approach proceeded in two steps. First, cost constraints on solar collectors were determined using reasonable economic projections. Second, engineering was applied only to those ideas which had hope of falling within those cost boundaries. The use of thin-film plastics appeared most attractive according to these criteria. The nature of the marketing and distribution network can be expected to have a strong impact on the final installed cost of the collector; the proposed design has characteristics which could make possible a reduced price markup.


The potential of undersea acoustic modems has become increasingly obvious in recent years leading to a significant research and development program. In the near future, such modems will likely form the link between surface and submerged platforms; connect undersea surveillance systems; and link ocean-bottom seismometers to the surface to name just a few of the many applications. One would like to squeeze the best performance out of such modems in terms of energy usage (battery life), data rate, and manufacturing cost. They should also be robust in their ability to function in different acoustic environments and in the presence of strong interferers. A variety of signalling schemes have been proposed, however, the performance of such schemes in relation to the environment is not well understood. To address this issue, a series of experiments (SignalEx) will be conducted in diverse environments. This paper describes the lessons learned from the ModemEx pilot experiment.


We elaborate on information coding in chaotic neural networks. Noise plays a peculiar role in chaotic systems. We describe the constructive role of noise in stabilizing chaotic trajectories in Freeman s KIII model. KIII is a biologically plausible model of dynamic memories which has been established to interpret EEG measurements in the olfactory system. The results are illustrated on the example of encoding of noisy data in spatio-temporal aperiodic oscillatory patterns in neural networks.


To alleviate the workload of labeling before estimating certain color distributions, integrative labeling is introduced, which merely needs to figure out whether a picture contains positive-class regions or not and then all pixels of the picture are treated as positive or negative class training samples. Integrative labeling, however, results in heavy mixture of training samples. Thus traditional generative density estimation methods can't be used directly in that they perform poorly with heavily polluted training samples. In this paper, by utilizing the prior knowledge of high separability between positive and negative class color distributions, a discriminative learning based GMM(DiscGMM) is proposed for integrative labeling. Besides generating the polluted positive-class samples with comparatively high probability, optimal parameters found by DiscGMM also enjoy a comparatively low probability of generating negative-class samples. The parameter learning problem is solved by a modified Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. In an integrative labeling experiment of skin detection, DiscGMM is testified to enjoy much better performance than generative density estimation methods and shows qualified results.


Now days parking are the critical issues in smart city. Due to parking problem traffic problems are increased, the proposed smart parking system implemented using the Android Application that's provides to user an easy way of booking the parking slots through an application. Given system avoid the problem of traffic conjunction in commercial areas that unnecessarily consumes time, this paper provides the easy reservation system for parking. In this application the user can view various parking slots and check for the availability of slots. Whenever a user books a particular slot it will be marked red and all the available slots will be green. Booking can be done through credit card/net banking. This application also provides an additional feature of canceling the booked slot within 20 minutes from the time of booking. If the user fails to reach the destination on time then the reservation will be cancel and the payment is refunded. On successful payment a parking number is sent to user's email or to his mobile number for further enquiry. Hence this application reduces the user's effort and time of searching the parking slot and also avoids conjunction of traffic using the internet of things.


Recognizing human emotions is the indispensable requirement for efficient human machine interaction. Besides human facial expressions, speech is one of the latest challenges in automatic recognition of emotions. Current approaches in automatic speaker recognition systems are partly to entirely based on Gaussian mixture models (GMM). In this research, we study and evaluate the combination of GMM approach with different generative models (K-nearest neighbors, Naive Bayes, Multilayer perceptron) and discriminative models (Support Vector Machine, Decision Trees) in the setting of a robust emotion recognition system. We illustrate this framework using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and Sequential Forward Selection method applicable to GMM supervectors.


ity for preventing and ending unofficial and unconstitutional strikes. The unions have, as George Woodcock remarked, left Trafalgar Square, but they have failed to determine what their new environment should be and how they should operate within it. Each new responsibility they have assumed has been accepted pragmatically-with little thought for the changing relationship of the trade unions and the government and the proper role and objectives of the trade unions in a modern semiplanned economy. However, they are not alone in their apparent distaste for theory. Though many can isolate the problem, few are prepared to attempt to analyze it. Hence this monograph by John Schmidman finds the reviewer with high expectations but leaves him disappointed with the realization that it is no more than a history of the recent changes in the work of the government, the TUC, and the national unions. Schmidman is concerned with the effect on the trade unions of participation in a government planning scheme. Participation by unions in national economic planning necessitates, as he observes, the union movement altering its function and structure and relinquishing some of its powers. This certainly has been the case in Britain in the last decade. The effect of government policies has been to move the trade unions along at a pace unimaginable a few years ago. Although Schmidman declares the purpose of his study as being to determine the reaction of the British trade union movement to the economic planning policies of the Labor government, and to explain the chasm which is developing between the trade unions and the government (which now has almost disappeared) and the role of trade unions in a neocapitalist society, his treatment is superficial. Schmidman briefly traces the reaction of the trade unions to the attempt at national economic planning of the first majority Labor government, to the incomes policy of the Conservative government in 1962, to its attempt at economic planning as enshrined in the National Economic Development Council, and to the industrial training scheme. The major part of the monograph is, however, devoted to the innovations introduced by the Labor government since 1964, particularly its various attempts to regulate wages, prices, and productivity. He briefly indicates what changes participation in planning have occasioned in the work of the TUC, shows how certain national unions have altered their structure and increased their research staff, and superficially examines the rift which occurred between the unions and the government over its economic policy. The result is a bald narrative of events, often without comment, and rarely accompanied by analysis. British Unions and Economic Planning is little more than a catalog of the changes forced on the union movement by government policy. No attempt is made to put the changes which have occurred in any sort of theoretical framework or even to review their implications for the future of the unions. When analysis is offered it is at the level of the better Sunday journalism. We still await, it seems, a comprehensive evaluation of the role of trade unions in a complex industrial society.


Acutobin is a thrombin-like enzyme purified from the venom of the snake Deinagkistrodom acutus.It possesseds thrombosis inhibition,thrombolysis,antiplatelet actions and reduces the brain tissue reperfussion damage.It has been used to treat acute ischemia stroke and other thrombotic disease.The biochemistry,pharmacology,toxicology and clinical use of the acutobin were systematic introduced in this paper.


Ellen Cushman's 2017 CCW Keynote Address facilitates consideration of the kinds of discourse in our classrooms and communities that help to support the everyday work of border crossing and place-based learning to build community writing relationships.


GPR37L1 is a G protein‐coupled receptor that is expressed mainly in brain glial cells and muscle‐myenteric nerve layers in the GI tract. GPR37L1 knockout (KO) mice have increased systolic blood pressure. Prosaposin (PSAP) is a precursor for saposins A, B, C, and D. PSAP was identified as a ligand for GPR37L1 although recent reports showed conflicting results on the role of PSAP as ligand for GPR37L1. There is no report on the expression or function of GPR37L1 in the kidney. Our studies using immunostaining and immunoblotting showed that GPR37L1 is expressed in the apical membrane of mouse renal proximal tubules but not collecting duct cells; RT‐PCR on proximal tubule and collecting duct cells obtained by laser‐capture microdissection of mouse kidney sections, confirmed these findings. Live‐cell imaging of human renal proximal tubule cells (hRPTC) expressing GPR37L1‐GFP protein showed the internalization of the membrane GPR37L1‐GFP following exposure to prosaptide, a 14 amino acid peptide derived from the neurotropic region in the N‐terminal portion of saposin C. cAMP production was increased in hRPTC expressing GPR37L1 treated with prosaptide (4.2 ± 1.4‐fold, P<0.05). In addition, chronic high salt intake increased the renal expression of PSAP suggesting that PSAP is a ligand for GPR37L1 and has a role in renal function. To determine the role of GPR37L1 in renal Na+ transport, we over‐expressed or silenced the expression of GPR37L1 in hRPTC. Over‐ expression of GPR37L1 in hRPTC increased intracellular Na+ (3.2 ± 0.6‐fold, P<0.001) compared with mock‐transfected cells. Treatment with prosaptide blunted the GPR37L1‐ enhanced increase in intracellular Na+, suggesting that prosaptide binding to GPR37L1 may inhibit Na+ entry into the cell. Treatment with a selective NHE3 inhibitor (S3226) decreased intracellular Na+ in GPR37L1‐over expressing, as well as mock‐transfected hRPTC. Treatment with Na+, K+‐ATPase inhibitor (ouabain) showed no effect on the GPR37L1 enhancement of intracellular Na+ in GPR37L1 over‐expressing hRPTC. Silencing of GPR37L1 expression decreased the basal level of intracellular Na+ in the hRPTC. Immunoblot analyses showed increased phosphorylation of Erk1/2 (1.73 ± 0.11‐fold, P<0.05) and ribosomal S6 protein (1.49 ± 0.08‐fold, P<0.01) in hRPTC over‐expressing GPR37L1, compared with mock‐transfected hRPTC. Taken together, these results show that GPR37L1 is expressed in the renal proximal tubule cells, signals via the Erk1/2 pathway, and plays a role in renal Na+ transport and may be a novel target to design drugs to treat patients with hypertension.


Nonuniform plasma across an imposed magnetic field, such as those present in the solar atmosphere, can support collective Alfvénic oscillations with a characteristic damping time. The damped transverse oscillations of coronal loops are an example of this process. In ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), these transient collective motions are associated with quasi-modes resonant in the Alfvén continuum. Quasi-modes live in a non-principal Riemann sheet of the dispersion relation, and so they are not true ideal MHD eigenmodes. The present study considers the illustrative case of incompressible surface MHD waves propagating on a nonuniform interface between two uniform plasmas with a straight magnetic field parallel to the interface. It is explored how the ideal quasi-modes of this configuration change when the width of the nonuniform transition increases. It is found that interfaces with wide enough transitions are not able to support truly collective oscillations. A quasi-mode that can be related with a resonantly damped surface MHD wave can only be found in interfaces with sufficiently thin transitions.


Restoring an accurate Bird's Eye View (BEV) map plays a crucial role in the perception of autonomous driving. The existing works of lifting representations from frontal view to BEV can be classified into two categories, i.e., Camera model-Based Feature Transformation (CBFT) and Camera model-Free Feature Transformation (CFFT). We empirically analyze the significant differences between CBFT and CFFT. The former method lift perspective features based on the flat- world assumption, which often causes distortion of regions lying above the ground plane. The latter method is limited in the perception performance due to the absence of geometric priors and time-consuming computing. In this paper, we propose a novel framework with a Hybrid Feature Transformation module (HFT) to lift perspective representations. Furthermore, we design a mutual learning scheme to augment hybrid transformation. The deformable attention mechanism enables the model to pay more attention to relevant regions and capture features with more semantics. We illustrate the effectiveness of HFT in BEV perception tasks, such as segmentation and object detection. Notably, in the task of semantic segmentation, extensive experiments demonstrate that HFT outperforms the previous state-of-the-art method by relatively 17.9% on the Argoverse and 22.0% on the KITTI 3D Object dataset. With negligible computing budget, HFT outperforms existing image- based methods on 3D object detection. The code will be released soon.


An alternative formulation is presented for the derivation of the results in which allows to rigorously extend the validity range to any incidence/observation aspect provided that the standard deviation of the edge roughness sigma is not large compared to the wavelength lambda while the observation distance r is r Gt lambda . This was heuristically conjectured by Franceschetti, (IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 437-449, 2008) and supported by numerical examples, but without a rigorous proof.


The electronic band structures of both the cubic and orthorhombic SrZrO3 are calculated using an accurate fullpotential linearized augmented plane-wave method and implementing the local-orbital basis functions within the generalized gradient approximation.The calculated results show that the band gaps for the cubic and orthorhombic phase are both the directband gap,corresponding to the values about 3.53 and 3.72 eV,respectively.In both cubic and orthorhombic SrZrO3,the valence band is mainly composed of O 2p states,and the conduction band mainly consists of Zr 4d states.From the cubic to orthorhombic phase,the Sr—O and Zr—O hybridization is strengthened,which enhances the distortion of ZrO6 octahedron and reduces the total energy of the system,in favor of stabilizing the orthorhombic phase structure of SrZrO3.


If any nation's ruling party (in Egypt's case, the military which has controlled the country since the generals ousted the government of former president, Mohamed Morsi, in July 213) wishes its hold on power to be legitimised via a national election, it is not wise to undermine any credibility such an election would bestow by pronouncing death sentences on hundreds of political opposition members.


Mismanagement by the Russian-American Company, combined with political pressures and loss of interest at home, led to the imperial government's decision to sell Alaska to the United States in 1867.


Within the framework of biological application linked to ion irradiation, the fabrication of radioactive stents by ion implantation provides a significant improvement of the recovery of arteries after a treatment of stenosed coronary arteries [P. Fehsenfeld et al., Semin Interv Cardiol. 3, 157 (1998); E. Huttel et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 825 (2002); M.-A. Golombeck et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 206, 495 (2003)]. For this appliance, the suitable radioactive ion is P32. Obviously, in order to have a minimum loss of these radioactive ions through the ionization process, it is imperative to have high ionization efficiency. In this article, the production of such singly and multiply charged phosphorous beams is investigated using two different electron cyclotron resonance ion sources: MONO1000∕1001 [P. Jardin et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 789 (2002)] and SUPERSHyPIE [J. Y. Pacquet et al., EP Patent No. 97 401294 (pending); R. Leroy et al., 14th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources, May ...


We have fabricated and characterized multilayer high-T/sub c/ SQUID magnetometers designed for a magnetically unshielded environment. The magnetometers consist of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/(YBCO)/SrTiO/sub 3/(STO)/YBCO trilayers deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on an STO bi-crystal substrate. We fabricated SQUIDs with slotted washers at the bottom or top YBCO layer. The slots consist of 4 /spl mu/m wide superconducting lines separated by 8 /spl mu/m. A flux transformer with a multi-turn input coil was defined on the top or bottom YBCO layer, and the SQUID washer was used as a crossover pattern to simplify the fabrication process. The pickup loop size was 4 mm/spl times/7 mm, and the magnetometer effective area was found to be 0.67 mm/sup 2/. The SQUID inductance was 85 pH. For the operation of our SQUID in unshielded environments, compact 3 MHz modulation flux locked loop (FLL) electronics with bias-reversal were developed. The system bandwidth was greater than 500 kHz, and maximum slew rate was about 10/sup 6/ /spl Phi//sub 0//sec. The flux noise spectra of the magnetometers were measured and compared with our single layer devices. We also investigated the effect of slots on the coupling strength between the input coil and SQUID.


The invention discloses a Beidou tri-band network RTK ambiguity single epoch fixing method accompanied by wide-lane constraint. The method comprises steps of utilizing a combined single epoch of a carrier wave and a pseudo range to resolve two super-wide-lane ambiguity values of whole cycles of Beidou, performing simultaneity on two equations free of ionized layer combination and two equations free of geometric combination, and resolving three ambiguity parameters through third-kind six equations. By reasonably weighing the third-kind equations, Beidou tri-band basic ambiguity N1, N2 and N3 can be resolved in a single epoch mode. By means of the method, accuracy and efficiency on fast resolving of Beidou ambiguity are increased remarkably.


Abstract:
 The locomotor activity rhythm was examined under (1) constant darkness at 25C and (2) light-dark cycles (LD 12:12) at various temperatures ranging between 15 and 25C in adults of Gekko japonicus, a nocturnal lizard living in the temperate zone. The rhythm free-ran in constant darkness with a period of approximately 24 h, and thus the rhythm is controlled by a circadian clock. Gekko japonicus was more active at higher temperatures. Although there was a possibility that the activity distribution in photophase and scotophase in G. japonicus was affected by temperature, it showed nocturnal activity with a peak at 1–2 h after lights-off under LD 12:12 at all temperatures examined.


The main concepts used in this article are the dichotomy and differences between the two main groups of theories regarding the origins of the Roman mystery cult of Mithras: namely the school of the great Belgian scholar Franz Cumont, who considered Mithraism in the Roman world as an essentially Iranian cult adapted to the new cultural Hellenistic-Roman context and the theory of the 19th century German scholar K. B. Stark, respectively (revived in the seventies of the 20th century by academics like R. Beck, J. R. Hinnells, St. Insler, R. Gordon, and A. Bausani), who considered that the Roman cult of the solar god Mithras was a new mystery cult, which was born in the Roman world because of the Hellenistic scientific discovery of the precession of the equinoxes. My conclusion is that the Roman cult of Mithras, fused with the cult of Sol Invictus (the Hellenistic-Roman cult of the Unvanquished Sun), has more things Iranian than the name of the central deity of this initiation-mystery cult (despite its undeniable Hellenistic-Roman and astrological-astronomical elements).


Quartzite is known to be a more expensive material than natural aggregate (natural gravel and sand) to use in asphalt hot mixes. Therefore many engineers are reluctant to use it in order to keep construction costs down, particularly during periods of difficult economic times. This point of view did no justice to quartzite, particularly when the engineering properties of quartzite are recognized by many professionals as being superior to natural aggregate. A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using quartzite in hot mixes in lieu of natural aggregate in areas near the quartzite outcrops. Laboratory tests indicated that mixes made with quartzite yielded better air voids, flow, density, and voids in mineral aggregates (VMA). Field performances proved that quartzite surfaces possess higher Dynaflect values as well as higher skid resistance numbers. Economic analysis revealed that during a reasonable lifespan of a pavement, the total expenses incurred (initial investment, maintenance, etc.) are less for quartzite surfaces than for natural aggregate surfaces. At the break-even point between quartzite and natural aggregate, the difference in costs can be used to transport quartzite greater distances. Computer programs were developed to determine the distance quartzite can justifiably be used without adding any more expenses to the pavement.


The aim of the article is to study the economic essence and ways to settle the insolvency of banks in the context of European regulatory imperatives. Not all banks are capable of stable functioning under conditions of economic imbalances, crises and uncertainty, which leads to the withdrawal of banks from the market. The European vector of Ukraine's development requires the implementation of European rules for resolving bank insolvency in order to reduce the negative consequences of their possible bankruptcy. Attention is focused on the understanding of an insolvent bank as financially unstable. The manifestations of insolvency are defined and it is proposed to distinguish between full and technical (technical default) insolvency of banks. Practical examples of such interpretation are provided, in particular, JSC «JSCB «Arkada» – as an example of a complete default and JSC «Bank Sich» – as an example of a technical default on the realized market risk. The article discloses the essence, factors and signs of insolvency, which are constantly evolving. It is noted that, in fact, insolvency is manifested in the square formed of four concepts – incapacity, non-fulfillment, non-payment, and insolvency. The content of insolvency settlement is disclosed, which provides for the adoption of appropriate measures aimed at preventing and/or overcoming the consequences of the bank's inability to perform (partially or completely) its functional duties in case of any type of insolvency. Certain stages of bank insolvency and measures of influence have been allocated. In accordance with the European BRRD Directive, the goals and principles of insolvency settlement have been formulated. The objectives must be balanced according to the nature and circumstances of each case, and they also influence the choice of method and tools of settlement. The need to harmonize domestic legislation with European rules is noted. In particular, the BRRD recommends the following settlement tools: asset separation tool, bail-in tool, sale of business tool, bridge institution tool. The article discloses the directions of their implementation in domestic practice.


A total of four experiments were conducted to develop nursery management system for the two important native catfishes viz. stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis and walking catfish, Clarias batrachus during 2003 and 2004. Two experiments were conducted in on-station condition to determine stocking density efficacy in hapa and in earthen mini ponds for H. fossilis. This was followed by on-farm trial on stocking density in earthen mini ponds. In hapa, the highest survival rate was 60% for H. fosssilis at stocking density of 100/square meter; followed by 54.5 and 50% at stocking densities of 150 and 200/square meter, respectively. Similarly, gain in weight and length was also better in lower stocking densities. Similar survival rate (45 to 55%) was observed in three densities in earthen mini ponds. However, gain in weight and length showed no significant (p<0.05) differences. H. fossilis, C. batrachus showed almost similar survival rates (57.5-59.0%) in all the three stocking densities (100, 150 and 200/square meter) in earthen mini ponds in on-station condition. In terms of gain in weight and length showed no significant (p<0.05) differences in pond conditions. Almost similar result was obtained in terms of growth and survival in on-farm condition.


This paper deals with a design method of the analog as well as digital all-pass filters designated for equalization of the group delay frequency response of the band-pass filters. This method is based on usage of evolutionary algorithm, the differential evolution algorithm in particular. The procedure works automatically without an input estimation


In this paper a partially loaded paraboloid of revolution is investigated by the theory of bent shallow shells. After establishing the sixth order linear system of equations it is concluded that the unknown coefficients cannot be expressed, cannot be given as practical formulas, thus useful approximate solutions are constructed for practical usage. The applicability limit of the column reaction approximated by concentrated load is investigated and the generated error of membrane action for this approximation is determined.


This case study examines the policies formulated by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), an open and distance learning university of India for regulating the practices related to the assignments of its Bachelor of Education programme. Following the examination it argues that some policies are formulated in the context of the pedagogic significance of assignments in distance education and aim to support learning, while others seem to have been formulated for coping with the financial and administrative limitations imposed by the high enrolment in the programme. It infers that the dichotomy in the policy objectives reflects the diverging perspectives of the policies that have not been reconciled during policy formulation. It also suggests the way the policies that subordinate quality to quantity can be revised.


Tai Chi uses smooth movement and a focussed state of mind to support mental and physical health. Tai Chi teachers use metaphoric imagery such as "wave hands like clouds" to help students integrate smooth movements with a focussed mind. Current interactive technologies applied to Tai Chi take a very literal approach, focussing on body position and centre of gravity. In contrast, "Tai Chi In The Clouds" is a system which uses micro unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as "clouds" to lead or follow the movements of the hands, giving live feedback on smoothness of movement via LEDs. We used UAVs to aid the experience of living out the metaphoric imagery used in Tai Chi. With our work we aim to contribute to new design language to support movement based, mind-body practices.


According to the specificity of the investigated object of medical artificial intelligence, this paper analyzes the growth limitation of classical determinism tool as well as inadaptability principle, and puts forward the theory structure and operating method of the ecological dynamics, hereby sets up a new medical artificial intelligence mode.


Oil extraction and export is the most crucial sector of the Islamic Republic of Iran's economy. Iran is one of the countries with the largest oil reserves, and revenues from its sale are the most important source of funding. However, this sector is sensitive to external factors and reacts sharply to developments in foreign markets. The change in the value orientation of Iran's foreign policy after the evolution in 1979 has resulted in a period of instability that has had a significant impact on Iran's oil industry. In this paper, we will try to describe the most significant factors that affect the oil industry in Iran. This paper considers mainly external determinants such as sanctions and its effectiveness, oil price volatility and political and economic relations between Iran and international community. At the end of this paper author examines the perspectives in the Iranian economy in the following decades. The work also deals with the main economic issues that the administration of the newly elected president Ebrahim Raisi will face.


Metamaterials are a class of artificially engineered structures designed to provide anomalous properties that are unavailable or very weak in natural media, such as a negative index of refraction. Beyond their volumetric effects, two-dimensional metamaterials (or metasurfaces), may be designed to provide unique surface confined properties that are especially appealing for low-loss wavefront engineering and beam shaping. The physics of wave-matter interactions on the metasurface is similar to the one of an impedance surface, able to create abrupt and spatially inhomogeneous field discontinuities on an optical incident wave. So far, numerous studies have been focused on passive metasurfaces where the exclusive role of the surface is to impose a local phase discontinuity on the scattered wave in order to reconstruct the desired distribution of the outgoing wavefront [1]-[4]. A linear scattering phase profile, for instance, may create wave bending (Fig. 1a-b), while a hyperbolic phase distribution enables beam focusing effects (Fig. 1c-d). Recent studies pushed the limit of wavefront manipulation to more advanced functionalities such as surface carpet cloaking in which an ultrathin nonperiodic surface wrapped around an obstacle intentionally mimics the scattering response of a flat surface and hides the underneath object (Fig. 1e-f). In our presentation, we discuss how this local phase compensation approach in passive metasurfaces neglects the effect of mutual scattering between surface components and suffers from significant impedance mismatch along the interface. While the efficiency of coupling to the desired wave is reasonably high for moderate wave transformations, extreme operations such as large-angle beam bending or focusing in the very near-field are unattainable using the local phase compensation approach. Our analysis provides the exact requirements on the surface profile to ensure 100% conversion efficiency to any desired outgoing wavefront and demonstrates the necessity of active surface elements in the optimal designs [5]. Based on the presented rigorous solution, we also develop a novel technique to design passive gradient metasurfaces with significantly improved efficiencies for various applications ranging from large-angle beam steering and near-field focusing to cloaking optically large objects, using a single ultrathin surface.


The Therapeutic Relationship in Complementary Health Care-Annie Mitchell 1998 Research-based and clinically relevant, this patient centered text explores the crucial role of "non-specific" aspects of treatment: trust, care, positive expectations and understanding in the healing process. Explores how the important relationship between patient and therapist provides the context for healing through research evidence from placebo studies, psychotherapy outcome studies, and studies of doctor/patient communication.


Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a very cost-effective technique to reduce costs, increase life-cycle, and improve the performance of engineering structures. The impedance-based methodology uses the electromechanical behavior of piezoelectric materials (PZTs) to detect structural anomalies and damages. This technique uses high frequencies and excites the local modes, thus providing the monitoring of any change of the structural mechanical impedance in the region of influence of PZT. From the variation of the impedance signals, it can be concluded whether or not there is a damage. Artificial neural networks (RNA) are part of a broad concept called artificial systems. The foundation of neural networks is associated with the functioning of the human brain, which after training has the ability to perform associations. This science has great applicability in the solution of artificial intelligence problems, through the modeling of systems that use connections that make it possible to simulate the human nervous system. This work uses Kohonen's self-organizing maps (SOM) associated to SHM based on electromechanical impedance for the detection and classification of damages in an aluminum beam. Since the model of the known structure was trained, the network was trained for two failure positions at different severities. Thus, through the neural network model of self-organizing maps, the network was trained and the responses could efficiently classify the different damage conditions in which the engineering structure was submitted, demonstrating the potential of SOM networks in the scope of the analysis of structural integrity.


Based on data of 53China's commercial banks from 2003to 2012,this empirical study finds that the risk of diversification is highly correlated with bank assets.The smaller scale of commercial bank assets,the greater risk expanding non-interest income will take accordingly.Furthermore,non-interest income is decomposed into investments trading item and commission item.It is shown that commission item is the main source of the non-interest risk and the risk of investment trading income is not significant.


This study examines the term structure of interest rates (TSIR) of four Eurocurrencies (U.S. dollar, deutsche mark, Dutch guilder, and French franc) using the analytical framework of Campbell and Shiller (1987). According to this model, the rates in a TSIR must be integrated if the pure expectations hypothesis is true and investors' expectations are rational. Further, a causal relationship must exist between short- and long-term interest rates. Our results show that interest rates series of different maturity are first-order integrated and cointe-grated. Taking explicitly into consideration the presence of heteroscedasticity and serial correlation, we identify a causal relationship between the rates. Globally, the results support the proposition that the expectations hypothesis explains the TSIR in the Eurocurrency market.

Resume

Cette etude examine la structure temporelle de taux d'interět (STTI) de quatre eurodevises (dollar americain, deutsche mark, florin et franc francais) a l'interieur du cadre conceptuel developpe par Campbell et Shiller (1987). Selon ce cadre, si la theorie des anticipations de la STTI est valide, et sous l'hypothese de rationalite des anticipations des investisseurs, alors les taux d'interět d'une měme STTI devraient ětre cointegres. De plus, des relations causales devraient exister entre les variations des taux d'interět a court et long terme. Les resultats demon-trent que les series de taux d'interět etudiees sont en general integrees d'ordre 1, et sont cointegrees. L'existence de relations causales est demontree a l'aide d'une mo-delisation tenant compte de la presence d'heteroscedas-ticite conditionnelle et d'autocorrelation dans les observations. Globalement, les resultats opponent leur appui a la theorie des anticipations comme explication de la structure de taux d'interět des euromarches.


The Structured Memory Access (SMS) architecture implementation presented in this thesis is formulated with the intention of alleviating two well-known inefficiencies that exist in current scalar computer architectures: address generation overhead and memory bandwidth utilization. Furthermore, the SMA architecture introduces an additional level of parallelism which is not present in current pipelined supercomputers, namely, overlapped execution of the access process and execute process on two distinct special-purpose, asynchronously-coupled processors. Each processor executes a separate instruction stream to perform its specific task which, together, are functionally equivalent in a conventional program. Our simulation results show that, for typical numerical programs, the access processor (MAP) is capable of achieving slip, i.e., running sufficiently ahead of the execute processor (CP) so that operand fetch requests for data items required by the CP are issued early enough and rapidly enough for the CP rarely to experience any memory access wait time. In this manner the SMA tolerates long memory access time, albeit high bandwidth, paths to memory without sacrificing performance. Speedups relative to the Cray-1 in scalar mode often exceed two, due to dual processing and reductions in memory wait time. 17 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs.


The apparatus, methods, processors and computer readable media are provided based on the presentation area size of a communication device for receiving or sending the content. In one aspect the method further comprises the step of obtaining the first portion of content from a second communication device located across a communications network and the step of obtaining a presentation area size of a display on a first communication device. A first portion of the content is based on the presentation area size. The apparatus further comprising: storing a first portion of the content in the memory of the first communication device.


This paper introduces nearest neighbour based fuzzy model (NNFM) based on membership values for forecasting the daily maximum temperature at Delhi . Fuzzy membership values has been used to make single point forecasts into the future on the basis of past nearest neighbours. Compared with other statistical method and artificial neural network (ANN) technique, this approach has the advantages of faster and highly automated model synthesis as well as improved prediction and forecasting accuracies. The NNFM model developed using daily temperature data of 15 years (1991 to 2005) that were used to predict the maximum temperature for the next days. The model forecast has been tested with the actual observation of the independent data sets of 2006 and also the results are compared with the method of persistence and ANN technique. The overall performance statistics shows that the proposed model is capable to produce good results with independent cases, providing about 91% correct forecast within ±2◦Cof the observed values for the next day along with a positive value of skill score over persistence method as well as ANN technique. The method is found to be promising for operational application.


In order to improve basketball training in university, video analysis is adopted. System requirement analysis and system function module is investigated. Then the key technique referring to video analysis is given. The results of the experiment show that the testing methods of the system can objectively reflect students' understanding on basketball tactical and ability of observation, analysis, decision-making on the match situation, as well as improve tactical awareness. Therefore, the study results can be effective for physical education services, and is expected to provide new ideas and methods for selection of the sports talent and physical education in university.


The silver nanowires were produced by the hydrothermal reaction, and the influences of different reaction conditions on morphologies of silver nanowires were researched. Then the PVP/silver nanowire composite nanofibers with different concentrations of silver nanowires were produced by the way of electrospinning in order to research the morphologies and performances. And the optimal solution was obtained when the solutions were stirred for 10 minutes and then stood for 30 minutes. When the hydrothermal reactor was heated at 180°C for 24 hours, the morphologies of silver nanowires were the best. Morphologies of silver nanowires and composite nanofibers with different proportions of silver nanowires were examined by scanning electron microscope. Finally the antibacterial property was tested by the inhibition zone method and the photocatalytic performance was measured by the degradation of methyl orange. The results show that when the proportion of silver nanowires in composite nanofibers exceeds 5%, the antibacterial property is significantly improved; when the ratio of silver nanowires is 10%, the antibacterial property remains stable; when the proportions of silver nanoparticles and silver nanowires are same, the antibacterial property of PVP/silver nanowire composite nanofiber is better; the photocatalytic performance is better when the proportion of silver nanowires is 8%.


Introduction: History and Vision for Work Injured Nurses Group USA Magnitude of the Problem A Word About the Stories Injured Nurse Story #1: Betrayal in the Temple of Healing Injured Nurse Story #2: Preventable Biodynamics of Back Injury: Manual Lifting and Loads Injured Nurse Story #3: Who Will Care for the Nurses? How to Accomplish a Responsible Cost-Benefit Injury Analysis in the Health Care Industry Injured Nurse Story #4: My Last Day as a CNA Striving for Zero-Lift in Healthcare Facilities Injured Nurse Story #5: The First to Go Injured Nurse Story #6: My Heart is Still There Introducing A Safer Patient Handling Policy Injured Nurse Story #7: I Won't Be There Injured Nurse Story #8: Fine When I Entered The Room Injured Nurse Story #9: They Let Me Go Injured Nurse Story #10: In Pain and Out of Work Prevention of Back Injury Using Lift Teams: 18 Hospital Data Injured Nurse Story #11: After Years of Service Injured Nurse Story #12: The Tub Bath Technology for Safe Patient Handling and Movement Injured Nurse Story #13: Is That What A Nurse Is? Bariatrics: Considering Mobility, Patient Safety, and Caregiver Injury Injured Nurse Story #14: Wake Up Call Participatory Ergonomic Design in Healthcare Facilities Designing Workplaces for Safer Handling of Patients/Residents Injured Nurse Story #15: A Nurse's Story Worker Control: The Best Means to Reduce Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Injured Nurse Story #16: The Writing on the Wall The Relationship Between the Nursing Shortage and Nursing Injury Preventing Back Injuries to Healthcare Workers in British Columbia, Canada and The Ceiling Lift Experience and Data Injured Nurse Story #17: An Advocate for the Ill, Injured, or Disabled Nurse: It Started With One Injured Nurse Story #18: More Valuable Than Machines Injured Nurse Story #19: The Victoria, Australia Story Appendix 1: Ergonomics for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders Appendix 2A: Frequently Asked Questions About Portable Total Body Patient/Resident Lifts Appendix 2B: Frequently Asked Questions About Sit-to-Stand Patient/Resident Devices


The Louhe irradiation accelerator is an 8 MeV electron linac used for food sterilization etc.The hardware components,software design and irradiation dose control of the control system for Louhe irradiation accelerator are described in the paper.The control system is stable and reliable during operation for more than 9 months.


Methyl P-D-xylopyranoside in a mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide and 2methoxypropene containing a little hydrogen chloride gave preponderantly the 2,30-isopropylidene derivative, which was readily converted into its 4-trifluoromethanesulfonate. The facile displacement of the triflate group gave a 4-azido-4deoxy-cu-L-arabinopyranoside derivative, and this, on mild acid treatment, was hydrolyzed to the 2,3-diol, or under more vigorous conditions to 4-azido-4-deoxy-Larabinose. Methyl 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-azido-4-deoxy-cY-L-arabinopyranoside, from the diol, appears ('H-n.m.r. data) to exist as an equilibrating mixture of the 4C, and 'C, conformers in chloroform solution. The reduction of the azido sugar by hydrogen over Pd/C in .6~ HCl yielded 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinopyranose as its hydrochloride; in 0.1~ HCl, further reactions occurred to give 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-Larabinitol as the final product. The aminodeoxypentose from lipid A precursor II,, isolated from a Salmonella mutant by Raetz et al. in 1985, was shown to be identical with the synthetic aminoarabinose by t.l.c., *H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, and g.1.c. of the acetylated reduction products.


The present research proposes to investigate the social and cultural repercussions of the 1992 reform of "Article 27" of the Constitution by focusing on the process of incorporating the ejido of ?El Pueblito? into the urban space of the municipality of "Villa Corregidora" in the state of Queretaro, Mexico. The expansion of the urban area of the city of Queretaro and the municipality of Corregidora has generated the need for urban land, pressuring the peasant ejido holders into selling their plots of land. When in the relations between the ejido and urban growth, the latter predominates, the consequences for the ejido and its inhabitants are irreversible. Irregular urbanization places not only presses ejido lands but its water resources as well which has direct repercussions on the viability of their agricultural activities and, in general, their way of life. The problem to be researched consists in showing how these changes have taken place in this ejido as a result of the amendments to Article 27 and their consequences by trying to answer a series of questions: How has land tenure changed?, In what manner has the ejido or part of it been incorporated into the urban area?, How has it impacted on the way of life of the ejido holders?, How have they perceived these changes?, Is there a difference in views between the different generations of ejido holders? The hypothesis proposed is that the effects of the modifications in the agrarian legislation made in 1992 have directly influenced the generation of new ejido-urban relationships, accelerating urbanization and modifying the economic basis and lifestyles of the residents of the ejido. The methodology for this research consisted of ethnographic method techniques, as well as auxiliary techniques, such as direct observation, open interviews, photography as a visual tool, among others. This study attempted to contribute to the comprehension of the processes of transformation and social change in cities, such as Queretaro, that have undergone rapid and uncontrolled urban growth incorporating ejido lands into the urbanized zone, converting agricultural land for urban use.


Information sharing is the backbone of collaboration in a supply chain. In a B2B environment, partners may share information online using different technologies - the higher the technology sophistication, the higher are its cost and information reliability. We study the interactions between investment in technology, information reliability, and operational decisions, in a supply chain where the supplier is unable to make instantaneous deliveries due to manufacturing or purchase lead times. Our intent is to determine the economic equilibrium between supply chain partners incorporating information unreliability, to determine the optimal investment in technology for enhancing information reliability, and to structure an incentive scheme to ensure partners' participation in sharing information. Our study reveals that (i) access technology geared to reducing information noise, increases retailer's order quantity and decreases supplier's inventory buffer; (ii) increased demand-uncertainty increases value of information sharing; (iii) sharing the gains from noise reduction benefits both supplier and retailer but not indefinitely; (iv) technology with even moderate noise reduction rating can accrue benefits to the supplier if demand uncertainty is high, but the supplier becomes less willing to share gains.


INTRODUCTION Today, the popularity of voice-enabled technology emerges and is expected to continue to grow. Yet, there is a lack of understanding on user interface and interaction designs of the voice technology suitable for people with vision loss, especially older adults. As the underlying mechanisms are unclear about the combined effects of vision loss and aging on memory span of auditory information, researchers and professionals are likely to encounter a challenge with developing a usercentered design of voice technology suitable for older adults with vision loss. This study aims to investigate the memory span of older adults with vision loss and to explore user-friendly voice technology designs for them.


The agro-tourism as conservation alternative of the cultural heritage in Andean communities of Ecuador, is part of the sustainable model that search the economic, cultural and endogenous development of these populations. In this sense, an investigation aimed at explaining the real conditions faced by women weavers in Nizag is proposed, in their interest to promote an agro-tourism project linked to the elaboration of fiber crafts of "cabuya" as the ancestral natural resources of the population, and the possible synergies in the socio-productive processes of the community; to do it's a field work was realized with systemic focus, that allow to analyze the social, cultural and productive implications of the touristic project in the community, to structure a route and the possible touristic offer, to know the potential touristic demand in factors as the origin of the touristy peoples, their preferences, tour motives, time disposability and resources to invest in the destiny, and to determine the problematic and people involved to build a value chain, whit the purpose to obtain the social sustainability and the project consolidation in its real dimension without overestimating its benefits and not overestimating its potential.


A method of extracting the extra material critical area of soft faults from an integrated circuit layout is presented. This has been implemented in the EYE tool allowing efficient extraction of the critical area from arbitrary mask layout. Results comparing defect sensitivity of a routing network modified to reduce defect sensitivity are reported. The application to defect related reliability is explored.


Maximum power point tracking System (MPPT) is so important in PV systems to increase the efficiency of solar cells. So many methods are proposed to generate the maximum voltage from PV modules under different weather conditions. This paper proposed an intelligent method for maximum power point tracking using the P & O algorithm. The model contains a PV module connected to DC to DC boost converter. The PV System is tested under disturbance in the solar irradiation and temperature level. The simulation results show the maximum power tracker could track the maximum power accurately and successfully in all conditions tested. Comparison of various working parameters such as: tracking efficiency and response time of the system shows that the proposed method gives higher efficiency and better performance than the conventional perturbation and observation method. The voltage, current, and power of the Module can be measured through the P&O Method. The Fuzzy logic based Mppt controller is proposed in this method to increase the voltage Pv module. The proposed method used the fuzzy logic-based controlled (FLC) to initiate the control command to the output buck-boost converter as there is a change in the voltage and current across the PV panel. The modeling of the FLC-based MPPT controller is done for the PV module with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK.


Physiologic microsurgical procedures to treat lymphedema include vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) and lymphovenous bypass (LVB). The purpose of this study was to assess 30‐day outcomes of VLNT and LVB using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.


The PHOBOS dete tor, one of the two small experiments at RHIC, fo uses on measurements of harged parti le multipli ity over almost the full phase spa e and identi(cid:28)ed parti les near mid-rapidity. Results will be presented from the early RHIC gold(cid:21)gold runs at nu leon(cid:21)nu leon enter of mass energies of 56 and 130GeV as well as the re ently on luded run at the full RHIC energy of 200GeV. Presented at the Cra ow Epiphany Conferen on Quarks and Gluons in Extreme Conditions, Cra ow, Poland, January 3(cid:21)6, 2002. units of the target or proje tile are indistinguishable between the two data sets. Comparable agreement between shifted distributions found for the two beam energies is also seen at other entralities. Very similar results were found for nu leon(cid:21)nu leon ollisions at energies ranging from 53 to 900 GeV [21℄ and were attributed to fragmentation [15℄ of the valen e quark system. layer of the spe trometer. The plots learly show the steady in rease in deposited energy as the pions slow down. The agreement for all layers is superb, indi ating that a lean, well understood sample of pions is being extra ted and that the dete tor response to these parti les is a urately predi ted. Note the dramati ally larger horizontal s ale in the plot for Plane E (the last plane). Some fra tion of the negative pions are aptured onto the Si nu lei and fragment them. The dete tion of some of this fragmentation energy produ es the long tail to higher energy loss. Thus, in this ase, the parti le yields an be partially separated into the two harge signs. Work is ongoing to understand the e(cid:30) ien y and ba kgrounds for these stopping parti les as well as extending the algorithms to parti les stopping in other layers.


The styles of "News Broadcast" and "Qiang Qiang Conversation between Three Individuals" are different. The former is broadcasting, while the latter is conversational. This paper collects the corpus of both programs and selects sentence length, word length and sentence-initial word POS as the characters to generate the text vectors. And the texts are clustered by the Euclidean distance and ward algorithm. The analysis showed that the sentence length, word length and sentence-initial word POS can be used as Chinese quantitative stylistic characters.


Synopsis An apparatus designed primarily to measure shrinkage forces developed in a restrained specimen of cement paste or mortar is described. On the basis of tests carried out, it is concluded that the apparatus may be used to assess qualitatively the tendency for mortars to form plastic shrinkage cracks.


The Final Report is comprised of two Volumes. Volume I provides information on the development and field testing of the CD-based training program. Volume II is the Literature Review and Bibliography conducted to support the CD development. This report documents the relevant literature and experience related to various aspects of perceptual skills and decision making in young novice drivers. It includes chapters on 1) understanding the challenges of decision making as a young novice driver; 2) the relationship between risk taking and decision making for adolescent drivers including motivation and biases in young drivers' decisions; 3) the implications of key aspects of adolescent development for decision making and driving; and 4) guidance available for decision making training for adolescent drivers. The report concludes with guidelines that are intended to inform the development of the project's computer-based decision making training module for young novice drivers. The findings of this literature review supported development of a computer-based training module that would result in less risky driving related behaviors through improved perceptual skills and decision making by young novice drivers. Individualized automated training has strong possibilities for supporting effective training of decision making in novice drivers, because of its potential ability to 1) permit self-pacing; 2) diagnose developmental and individual differences; 3) provide practice in specific decision content and processes; 4) reward effort; 5) provide immediate process feedback; 6) alter time frames; and 7) simulate consequences.


The electronic states of AlN with excitation energies below about 35 000 cm−1 have been studied at the CASSCF and MRCI levels of theory. Less elaborate calculations have been performed for the low‐lying states of AlN+. Although the results are not definitive, they strongly suggest a 3Π ground state for AlN with a very low‐lying 3Σ− state, in analogy with the Al2 molecule. All of the strong transitions however involve the lowest 3Π state. The 3Π–3Π AlN band system observed in emission is assigned as the C3Π–X 3Π transition. The C 3Π radiative lifetime is estimated as 151, 163, and 175 ns for v'=0,1,2, respectively. However, these lifetimes may be significantly shortened due to predissociation by the (1) 5Π state. The calculated De of 2.35 eV for the ground state is about half that of the isovalent BN molecule. Thus the bonding in AlN is significantly weaker than for BN, owing to the smaller overlaps of the valence orbitals. Finally, transition moment functions are presented for many of the dipole‐allowed t...


Based on the social background, this paper analyzed the impact of the Chinese variety shows on the gender concept forms of college students. Due to the multi-gender culture, gender concepts have become more and more complex, and there are more voices in gender shaping. College students are the group of people who will become the new socially dominant generation. Therefore, the gender ideologies of the college students are important. This study discovered that, even if most college students have already formed certain personal realizations about gender, their concepts will be influenced by their frequent exposure to the traditional gender roles defined by Chinese variety shows.Therefore, the proper social gender setting needs different efforts from the whole society.


In this paper we design and analyze distributed best response dynamics to compute Nash equilibria in potential games. This algorithm uses local Poisson clocks for each player and does not rely on the usual but unrealistic assumption that players take no time to compute their best response. If this time (denotedδ) is taken into account, distributed best response dynamics (BRD) may suffer from overlaps: one player starts to play while another player has not changed its strategy yet. An overlap may lead to a decrease of the potential but we can show that they do not jeopardize eventual convergence to a Nash equilibrium. Our main result is to use a Markovian approach to show that the average execution time of the algorithm E[TBRD] can be bounded: 2δn log n/ log log n + O(n) ≤E[TBRD] ≤ 4e δn log n/ log log n+O(n), where ' is the Euler constant, n is the number of players and δ is the time taken by one player to compute its best response. These bounds are obtained by using an asymptotically optimal playing rate λ. Our analytic bound shows that 2δλ = log log n - log C, where C is a constant. This induces a large probability of overlap (p = 1 - C/ log1/2 n). In practice, numerical simulations also show that using high playing rates is efficient, with an optimal probability of overlap popt ≈ 0.78, for n up to 250. This shows that best response dynamics are unexpectedly efficient to compute Nash equilibria, even in a distributed setting.


Introduction:Military personnel need to use nutritional supplements to increase physical and mental efficiency and protect against occupational injuries. However, Information is limited about the effectiveness and efficiency of nutritional supplements related to military personnel needs. The aim of this study is to review the studies in the field of nutritional supplements required for the military personnel.  Methods: In this review study, articles related to nutritional supplements needed to protect against intense noise, improve trauma and enhance physical and mental function in military personnel were reviewed. The articles were extracted from the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Persian databases as the SID and Magiran between 1993 and 2018. Results:The results of the review showed that supplementation of magnesium and vitamin B12 to protect against abnormal sounds, supplementation of glutamine and omega-3 in trauma, supplementation of beta-alanine in physical activity and caffeine in mental function can be beneficial. Conclusion: Nutritional supplements can be useful for military personnel from different aspects. However, the supplements discussed in this article only cover a small part of the supplements required by the military. In addition, although evidence suggests the potential benefits of nutritional supplements to military personnel, but this subject is still controversial and requires further studies.


P.R. van Lieshout and A.A.F. van de Yen Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Mathematics and Computing Science. P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands. MAGNETO-ELASTIC BUCKLING OF SUPERCONDUCTING STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS The stability (buckling) of systems of superconducting elastic slender bodies under prescribed current is investigated. Two methods for the calculation of the buckling current are presented. The first method, based upon a variational principle, yields an explicit expression for the buckling current. For the evaluation of this expression the magnetic fields pertinent to the deformed superconductor must be calculated. The second method employs a formula for the Lorentz force on one conductor in interaction with a second conductor, which follows from the law of Biot and Savan. Applications of both methods are presented for sets of straight parallel rods and for pairs of (concentric or coaxial) rings. The respective buckling currents differ a constant factor, which turns out to be the ratio of the elastic energies. The differences in results of both methods are small as long as the rods or rings are not too nearby. SUMMARY P.H. van Lieshout and A.A.F. van de Yen Eindhoven University of Technology, 2 Department of Mathematics and Computing Science, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands. The stability of superconducting structural systems can be investigated on the basis of a variational principle (cf. [1] or [2]). In this presentation we consider systems consisting of superconducting slender bodies (rods or rings) under prescribed total current 10. What we are looking for is that value of I D (called the buckling value I Dc) for which the natural state of the body becomes unstable (buckles). The method described in [1] and [2] results in an explicit expression for the buckling current I Dc as a quotient of two tenns (both referring to the buckled state of the system) the elastic energy W of the defonned system; an integral K over the surface of the body; the integrand of K contains the magnetic fields and the displacements of the body (see [3] or [4]). The further procedure consists of a choice for the displacement field JJ., specific for the slender body under consideration; calculation of the elastic energy W; detennination of the magnetic fields (by solution of the equations obtained by the variational principle) and, finally, calculation of K. In this way an explicit value of I Dc is obtained. An alternative method is based upon a fonnula for the force on a curved current carrier (wire) derived from a generalization of the law of Biot and Savart, as given by F.e. Moon (cf. [5], Sect. 2.6, Eq. 2-6.4). In this method, which is less rigorous than the preceding one, the wires are considered as one-dimensional curves. For two curves Ll and L z the force on Ll is calculated as the Lorentz force due to the current through L 1 times the magnetic field caused by L z. The buckling value is then obtained in the classical way by solution of beam or ring equations, under the assumptions the displacements are small; the systems are slender (see below).


Associated to a newform f (z) is a Dirichlet series L f (s) with functional equation and Euler product. Hecke showed that if the Dirichlet series F (s) has a functional equation of the appropriate form, then F (s) = L f (s) for some holomorphic newform f (z) on ?(1). Weil extended this result to ? 0 (N) under an assumption on the twists of F (s) by Dirichlet characters. We show that, at least for small N , the assumption on twists can be replaced by an assumption on the local factors of the Euler product of F (s).


The dielectric and optical properties of periodic heterostructures have been widely investigated within the effective medium theory. This classical theory is expected to fail for very small hererostructures, where quantum confinement is important, but the size limit at which the classical approach breaks down is not known. On the theoretical side, calculations of the dielectric tensor of (001)(GaAs)p/(AlAs)p superlattices have shown that the interplay between quantum confinement and local field effects is crucial [1]. For light polarized in the growth direction, it leads to the otherwise surprising justification of the use of a classical effective medium theory, even for the smallest periods.