How can cytology be most effectively applied for cervical cancer case-finding in a population of women? Since the highest incidence occurs among women in their 20s, to incorporate cytology as a routine part of preand post-natal care provides a built-in opportunity to reach the great bulk of young women during their years of greatest risk. This might inculcate the habit of periodical examination. The increasing use of oral contraceptives brings women into the hands of physicians during the child-bearing years and offers another opportunity for screening women cytologically during their years of greatest risk. Until we are more certain of the effect of these hormone preparations on the cervical epithelium such examinations initially and periodically are essential. Women seen for menopausal symptoms also provide an opportunity for cytological examination and this age period seems the most likely time for an old in-situ lesion to become a new invasive cervical cancer. For older women the opportunities for screening and the expected results are less certain.


A form of mixing length was deduced so that in neutral conditions it would give von Karman's mixing length and, near the ground, match KEYPS law. The system of equations with the assumption of horizontal uniformity was solved both in stationary and in diurnal conditions. The considerations of energy equations indicated that we should solve the problem with the time derivative terms, and the results of time integrations explained some features of the diurnal changes of the planetary boundary layer.


In every industry, competition is a moving factor which silently plays for success. Also, for hotels, each brand competes with the other to occupy the best of locations which can attract customers and boom their business. This work attempts to determine the factors that are responsible for selecting a site for hotel properties in Bauchi Metropolis. Both qualitative and quantitative approach was used in this work; the qualitative approach involved conducting interview with proprietors/owners of different hotel businesses in Bauchi metropolis. This was done to collect information from people that have the on-field experience on the subject of the research. The quantitative approach takes a survey on hotel managers and Estate Surveyors and Valuers in the study area. The reason for conducting both approaches for the research was to reduce the chances of biased opinions that could have been received as a matter of a specific type of sample group. By asking the proprietors/owner and customers, as well as the managers and Estate Surveyors and Valuers in the study area made it possible to get a holistic perspective on the situation. Use was made of ranking in order of importance (RII) scale to analyse the factors responsible for the selection of site for hotel property in the study area. For the ranking, there were six different headings of selection factors: general location, position of site, demographics, traffics information, competition, and cost consideration. Factors to be ranked were listed under each heading; the factors were adopted from (Mahmutogullari & Kara, 2016). The findings revealed that, general location, position of site, competition, and cost consideration were ranked high. This study identified 56 factors that affect the site selection of hotel property in the study area. Property developers should examine all of these factors, that is, who plan to develop newly or expand but have little experience with the real estate development.


Some enzymes produced during mold fermentation degrade the tissue structures of the residue left after the extraction of starch from Pueraria lobata tubers to facilitate total flavonoids extraction.On the basis of the fact,the development of a method for the extraction of total flavonoids from the residue left after starch extraction using mold fermentation and subsequent ultrasonic treatment was presented in this work.Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma koningii were separately cultured in Pueraria lobata tuber residue to degrade its tissue structures,and Aspergillus niger was the selected strain according to the release of total flavonoids.The parameters affecting Aspergillus niger fermentation,including oxygen condition,soybean meal amount in the fermentation medium,initial fermentation pH and fermentation temperature were investigated by single factor experiments.Additionally,the combined method was compared with sole Aspergillus niger fermentation and sole ultrasonic treatment.The best Aspergillus niger fermentation process was that Pueraria lobata tuber residue suspended in 20-fold volume of water with the addition of 1.0 g of soybean meal,which was adjusted to pH 5,was inoculated with 5%Aspergillus niger seed culture for 60 h fermentation at 30℃,and the resulting concentration of total flavonoids in the fermentation broth was determined by HPLC to be 3.769μg/mL,which was increased to 5.204μg/mL after 5 min ultrasonic treatment.Subsequently,separation and distillation were sequentially done to obtain a crude product with a total flavonoids content of 2.974 mg/g.


We report on an injection feedback scheme for the ThomX storage ring project. ThomX is a 50-MeV-electron accelerator prototype which will use Compton backscattering in a storage ring to generate a high flux of hard X-rays. Given the slow beam damping (in the ring), the injection must be performed with high accuracy to avoid large betatron oscillations. A homemade analytic code is used to compute the corrections that need to be applied before the beam injection to achieve a beam position accuracy of a few hundred micrometers in the first beam position monitors (BPMs). In order to do so the code needs the information provided by the ring's diagnostic devices. The iterative feedback system has been tested using MadX simulations. Our simulations show that a performance that matches the BPMs' accuracy can be achieved in less than 50 iterations in all cases. Details of this feedback algorithm, its efficiency and the simulations are discussed.


Geopolymer concrete is a type of concrete that is produces by using the byproducts of different industries such as thermal power plant, silicon manufacture industries. The material used in the manufacturing process of GPC are FLY ASH, GGBS, RHA, METAKAOLIN. The purpose of shifting to a new binding material is pollution caused due to the manufacturing process of OPC. While manufacturing OPC billions of tons of carbon dioxide gas is released into atmosphere which is a major reason for climate change. A research says that 7% of total carbon dioxide produced throughout the world is only because of OPC. So there is an urgent need to shift to a new binding material which has similar properties that of OPC. This experimental research investigated the effect of silica fume on the fresh and hardened properties of geopolymer concrete such as workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. Test results shows that as the percentage of silica fume was being increased there was an increase till 12% there was increase in all three type of strength but further increment in the percentage of silica fumes leads to the reduction of strength as well as workability and makes the concrete tough to handle. Index Terms Geo Polymer Concrete, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, Eco


Content-based image retrieval is a fairly new discipline. Yet research in this field has highlighted many approaches that show good performance in specific subproblems using single filtering criteria, such as color based histograms, shape description or texture analysis. Most systems built so far use multiple access methods although they compose them according to a pre-defined strategy. In this paper we report an environment that allows the evaluation of different type of filtering composition strategies. The aim is to let the developers work with a quick tool for fine tuning of sequences or compositions of methods, especially when such methods are based on different features. The selectivity of each indexing method is tested against a single database of images and then the overall performance of a sequence or a composition of methods is quickly estimated. The experiments have been applied on filtering criteria that share a multiresolution approach, in order to highlight the role that the hierarchical indexing approach can play in reducing the overall computational cost.


Sepsis is a common complication in critically ill patients,the global incidence rate was significantly higher in recent years,and an annual rate of 1.5%-8% increase,it has been as the main cause of death in critically ill patients,with the Further research of pathogenesis,the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract more and more attention,the traditional treatment measures failed to signifi-cantly improve mortality,and large amounts of inflammatory mediators experiment ended in failure.In recent years traditional Chinese medicine in critically ill patients are getting far more attention,the case fatality rate of Integrative Medicine is far below than the current international mortality,this paper will do a review of Chinese medicine treatment for gastrointestinal function in patients with sepsis progress,following a brief analysis of existing problems and solutions.


Accurate monitoring of vegetation dynamics is required to understand the inter-annual variability and long term trends in terrestrial carbon exchange in tundra and boreal ecoregions. In western North America, two Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) products based on spectral reflectance data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are available. The MOD/MYD13A2 NDVI product is available as a 16-day composite product in a sinusoidal projection as global hdf tiles. The eMODIS Alaska NDVI product is available as a 7-day composite geotif product in a regional equal area conic projection covering Alaska and the entire Yukon River Basin. These two NDVI products were compared for the 2012–2014 late May–late June spring green-up periods in Alaska and the Yukon Territory. Relative to the MOD/MYD13A2 NDVI product, it is likely that the eMODIS NDVI product contained more cloud-contaminated NDVI values. For example, the MOD/MYD13A2 product flagged substantially fewer pixels as " good quality " in each 16-day composite period compared to the corresponding MODIS Alaska NDVI product from a 7-day composite period. During the spring green-up period, when field-based NDVI increases, the eMODIS NDVI product averaged 43 percent of pixels that declined by at least 0.05 NDVI between 2 composite periods, consistent with cloud-contamination problems, while the MOD/MYD13A2 NDVI averaged only 6 percent of pixels. Based on a cloudy Landsat-8 scene, the eMODIS compositing process selected 23 percent pixels, while the MOD/MYD13A2 compositing process selected less than 0.003 percent pixels. Based on the results, it appears that the MOD/MYD13A2 NDVI product is superior for scientific applications based on NDVI phenology in the tundra and boreal regions of northwestern North America.


The main goal of this article is to present an alternative proof of the characterization of Carleson measures for Hardy–Sobolev spaces in the unit ball. We use Green's formula and pointwise estimates for functions in these spaces. An example shows that for p > 1, the natural necessary condition is no longer sufficient.


The MySQL challenge-and-response authentication protocol is proved insecure. We show how can an eavesdropper impersonate a valid user after witnessing only a few executions of this protocol. The algorithm of the underlying attack is presented. Finally we comment about implementations and statistical results.


1. The long-term results in thirty-one cases of spinal tuberculosis treated by the ambulant method are reviewed. The method has been shown to be successful in early cases.


The Big Data has been one of the most interesting subjects during the last decade.This paper presents several thoughts on how to improve data quality and data mining efficiency when merging Big Data technology into the Digital Campus.By implementing Big Data technology,the universities would be able to establish an improved data collection system,normalize data quality management and achieve higher data security and privacy protection level.Further,this paper also makes some analysis on the advantages of utilizing Big Data technology on the massive campus data.Such advantages include decision support,optimizing teach/research management and promoting user experience in campus in information services et al.


We conducted a 28‐week, single‐blind, randomized, controlled trial of the efficacy of Comprehensive, Individualized, Person‐Centered Management (CI‐PCM) and memantine treatment (Reisberg et al., Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2017) in advanced AD persons. CI‐PCM and memantine was approximately 7.5 times more beneficial to AD persons on the Functional Assessment Staging Tool (FAST) (Kenowsky et. al., Alzheimer's and Dementia, 2017) than to AD persons who received memantine alone in the memantine FDA approval pivotal trial conducted by Reisberg et. al., (NEJM 2003). We also conducted a 24‐week extension study. Herein, we report the difference in functional outcomes between the CI‐PCM and Usual Community Care (UCC+FC) groups at 52‐weeks on the FAST and the ADCS‐ADLSev‐Abv. See Figures 1 and 2.


: INTRODUCTION: A change in one aspect of a person's life brings about change in every aspect of his or her being and alters the quality of the whole. Gastrointestinal system is one of the systems of our body which has a relation with diet. Upper gastrointestinal inflammatory process is exceedingly common and has a wide spectrum of cause and manifestation. Gastritis disorder are common; unless treated promptly and completely, they can continue to cause problems throughout the person's life. Clients need assistance to learn a new way of eating in order to achieve and maintain health and to make necessary lifestyle changes. METHODOLOGY: Non- Experimental approach was adopted to achieve the objectives of the study, which was felt to be most appropriate for its practicability in real life situation. It has the advantages of practicability, feasibility and to a certain extent for generalization. Research design was descriptive research design. The study was conducted in selected areas of Chittoor. Population includes Male and Female undergraduates in selected areas of Chittoor. Sample size consists of 100 undergraduates (50 Male & 50 Females) under inclusion criteria. Non probability convenient sampling technique was adopted for the present having adequate knowledge, 8(16.00%) were having moderate knowledge and 2(4.00%) were having inadequate knowledge on gastritis. Male sample mean was 32.14 and standard deviation was 6.468 were as female sample mean was 36.48 and standard deviation was 5.733, t-value was 3.551 significant at p<0.001 level. Hence H 01 was rejected. There was association between level of knowledge on gastritis among male undergraduates with their selected socio-demographic variables like Age in years, occupation of the mother significant at <0.005 level and standard of the study was significant at 0.001 level. Hence H 02 was rejected. And some of the variables has not shown significance such as religion, education of the mother, education of the father, occupation father, family income per month, residence, dietary pattern, previous knowledge and source of information. Association between level of knowledge on gastritis among female undergraduates with their selected socio-demographic variables like Age in years, occupation of the father, family income per month significant at 0.001 level and residence significant at 0.005 level. Hence H 02 was rejected. And some of the variables has not shown significance such as religion, standard of study, education of mother, education of father, occupation of the mother, dietary pattern, previous knowledge and source of information. CONCLUSION: Out of 100 sample majority of the sample were having adequate knowledge on gastritis female were having adequate knowledge in comparison with male undergraduates. The demographic variables such as Age, Gender, Educational status of mother and father, occupational status of mother and father, monthly family income, previous knowledge and source of information were associated with their knowledge on gastritis. Information booklet was given for their further reference to enhance their knowledge levels and it may help to prevent the disease.


An ink container for an inkjet printing system has a simple assembly of the housing 1102 having a cap (1104, 1106). This container is provided with a first cap 1104 is assembled to enable the separated attached to the end of the housing, the first cap has a plurality of mechanical shape to provide mechanical functions for the ink container. Mechanical functional fluid as positioning must, key features (keying function) key function for preventing installation of an ink container in the supply station without a cap service, and the top face, and physical damage to the ink container for the ink container into the supply station It may include a boss 1158 for protecting the outlet. The other end of the housing has been attached to the second cap (1106) having a latch-shaped part (1232) for latching (latching) the ink container into the supply station. The housing is provided with a pressure vessel that surrounds the ink reservoir, the first cap is fixed to the pressure vessel.


For many years radiologists and radiobiologists have been concerned with the changes in the lung as sequellae to radiation to the chest. Radiation pneumonitis, frequently accompanied by pulmonary infection, and fibrosis have been recognized since 1922, and their occurrence is well documented in the literature. Englestad (1) has characterized into four stages the development of the reaction of the lung after irradiation of rabbits. In the first stage, which begins 1 to 2 hours after exposure and lasts 1 to 2 days, there is degeneration of the lymph follicles; the bronchial epithelium undergoes changes with abundant mucus secretion, hyperemia, an increase in transudation, and moderate infiltration of leukocytes. The second, or latent, stage is of 2 to 3 weeks' duration. The main reaction occurs in stage 3, with marked degenerative and inflammatory changes. The inflammation may be more or less acute and if often fulminant after very large doses. One to two months postirradiation the acute inflammation reaches its maximum. The leukocyte infiltration diminishes slowly. Large quantities of macrophages appear, and often a great number of giant cells. Stage 4 is one of regenerative changes, with proliferation of connective tissue and sclerosis. At this time there is slight proliferation of the bronchial epithelium, and it is not uncommon to find bone production. Attempts to reverse or modify these effects have met with little success. In man, efforts have been made to minimize the radiation reactions by using as low a dose as


The effects of quantum gravity on spectroscopy for the charged rotating gravity's rainbow are investigated in this paper. By utilizing an action invariant obtained from particles tunneling through the event horizon, the entropy and area spectrum for the modified Kerr-Newman black hole are derived. The equally spaced entropy spectrum characteristic of Bekenstein's original derivation is recovered. And, the entropy spectrum is independent of the energy of the test particles, although the gravity's rainbow itself is the energy dependent. Such that, the quantum gravity effects of gravity's rainbow has no influence on the entropy spectrum. On the other hand, due to the spacetime quantum effects, the obtained area spectrum is different from the original Bekenstein spectrum. It is not equidistant and is dependent on the horizon area. And that, by analyzing the area spectrum from a specific rainbow function, a minimum area with a Planck scale is derived for the event horizon. At this point, the area quantum is zero and the black hole radiation stops. Thus, the black hole remnant for the gravity's rainbow is obtained from the area quantization. In addition, the entropy for the modified Kerr-Newman black hole is calculated and the quantum correction to the area law is obtained and discussed.


In this paper we describe the design and verification of the concentrator of a Knockout ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) switch fabric using the VIS tool. The Knockout is a popular ATM switch fabric which has application in both datagram and virtual circuit packet networks. The concentrator is the most difficult component in the Knockout ATM switch fabric. We developed an RTL structural design as well as a higher-level behavioral model of the Knockout switch concentrator in Verilog HDL. We then used equivalence checking within VIS to verify the concentrator structure against its behavioral model. While sequential equivalence checking failed, we succeeded the combinational equivalence checking of a latch-reduced model of the concentrator.


The utility model provides a one-way damping roller. The one-way damping roller comprises a roller shell, two end covers and a central shaft, wherein the two end covers are respectively arranged at two ends of the roller shell; a hollow shaft is arranged between the roller shell and the central shaft and sleeved in the roller shell; the two ends of the hollow shaft are respectively arranged into inner holes of the end covers, so the roller shell, the end covers and the hollow shaft form a relatively-closed cavity; the cavity is filled with viscous oil; a one-way bearing is arranged in each of the inner holes at the two ends of the hollow shaft; and the central shaft is arranged in the inner holes of the one-way bearings. The one-way damping roller is simple in structure and reliable in operation, and can apply one-way damping force to goods on a conveying roller way.


This paper has investigated infrared thermal image diagnosis in electric installation such as circuit breakers and transformers which are applied to diagnostic imaging equipment (ex: MRI, PET-CT, etc.) in a university hospital in Korea. Using state-of-the-art equipment such as an infrared thermal image analyzer, they have been analyzed more accurately and precisely for their effective use. In addition, this paper has examined the medical electrical devices in terms of safety.


Urban coyote management is often a controversial issue. The recent increase in coyote density in metropolitan Chicago, Illinois, offered the opportunity to address this controversy by involving citizens in coyote research. To involve citizens, a total of 30 adult volunteers were recruited and trained. These volunteers then conducted of coyote diet research and population indexing, resulting in a scientific coyote diet study and improved indexing techniques. Changes in volunteer knowledge and opinions about coyotes and coyote management attributable to participation in the research were then measured. The results of the diet, indexing, knowledge and opinion research will be discussed in the context of evaluating the usefulness of citizen-based research as a conflict management tool in the field of urban wildlife management.


Spent lube oils are continuously generated from factories, vehicles and other machineries.  Most spent engine oil contains harmful substances such as heavy metals and indiscriminate disposal of this oil causes environmental pollution. The recycling of spent engine oil has also become important due to its economic benefits. In this study, solvent extraction and clay percolation techniques were used to recycle spent engine oil. The specific gravity, flash point, viscosity, pour point and total acid number. The specific gravity was 0.8252-0.8937, viscosity at 40oC was from 79.37 to 130.12cSt while at 100oC was 8.50 to 15.64 cSt.  The flash and pour points were 121-214 oC and -14 to -9oC respectively. The total acid number were 5.21 and 2.21 mgKOH/g for untreated oil, 0.43 and 0.315 mgKOH/g for treated oil while the total based number were 8.42 and 6.30 mgKOH/g for the treated oil.  The results suggested that this method can be employed to improve the quality spent engine oil for industrial applications as well as reducing environmental pollution due tospent engine oil.


In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the RIT 4237 bovine rotavirus vaccine 741 babies were given a single oral dose of vaccine or placebo at 5 dys of age; one third of the group was given a second dose of vaccine or placebo at 7 mths of age. The children remained in follow-up for a mean of 2.3 years. There was a total of 502 diarrhoeal episodes in the group during the follow-up; of these 121 (24.1%) were attributable to rotavirus. At follow-up 17.5% of children had experienced an episode of rotavirus diarrhoea; no child had more than one detectable episode with rotavirus. Vaccine protection was analyzed using a severity score for acute diarrhoea. Vaccine-induced protection against severe episodes (score >9) was 79% and aginst mild to moderately severe episodes (score >4) it was 35%. The mean severity score was 6.5 in the vacinees and 10.6 in the placebo group. Protection was slightly better in the vacinees who responded serologically (mean score 5.9) than in those who did not; however non-responders were partially protected. A booster dose of the same vaccine did not improve protection. The prevalent rotavirus serotypes during the follow-up were type 1 (67 cases) and type 4 (14 cases); No difference in protection against these serotypes was observed. A single dose of a bovine rotavirus vaccine to the newborn induces protection against severe rotavirus infection.


Sampling methodologies is a tool to investigate about the information of unknown population parameters. Sometimes the population has the tree structure where one node has two or many paths to scatter. For example, from one airport, there are many routes to travel to different airports; and further, other airports have many similar links. This creates graphical structure of connectivity among different airports around the world. Now the problem of investigation is; what is the average distance between two airports? This paper deals with the similar problem but in stratified sampling structure form. In particular, the binary tree structure is assumed and a node sampling procedure is developed to estimate the mean length between two nodes of a binary tree structured population. The Factor-Type estimator is used as a tool of estimation for this purpose. It is found that the node sampling procedure helps to estimate the mean edge length in stratified graphical structure. Keywords: Binary tree, Factor-Type estimator, stratified sampling, graphical structure Cite this Article Diwakar Shukla, Shashikant Trivedi, Deepika Rajoriya et al . Estimation of Edge in Population of Binary Tree Using Stratified Sampling Procedure. Research & Reviews: Journal of Statistics . 2018; 7(1): 60–73p.


In rural Ethiopia, parents play an important role in the major life events of their daughters such as education and marriage. However, parents' roles have been evolving, likely due to the rapid expansion of educational opportunities for girls and the growing need of cash income among rural households. Currently, encouraging their daughters to take up further education and jobs in the formal sector contrasts with rural Ethiopian women's conventional life course events in the past, which are characterized by early marriage and low educational profiles. An interview analysis with parents of young women indicated that under the continuing de-agrarianization among rural households, women are expected to have their own cash income generating activities to qualify as marriage partners.


Morphological characters (six traits) and isozymes (four systems, fi ve loci) were used to discriminate between Spanish chestnut cultivars (Castanea sativa Mill.) from the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 701 accessions (representing 168 local cultivars) were analyzed from collections made between 1989 and 2003 in the main chestnut growing areas: 31 were from Andalucia (12 cultivars), 293 from Asturias (65 cultivars), 25 from Castilla-Leon (nine cultivars), four from Extremadura (two cultivars) and 348 from Galicia (80 cultivars). Data were synthesized using multivariate analy- sis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. A total of 152 Spanish cultivars were verifi ed: 58 cultivars of major importance and 94 of minor importance, of which 18 had high intracultivar variation. Thirty-seven cultivars were clustered into 14 synonymous groups. Six of these were from Galicia, one from Castilla-Leon (El Bierzo), four from Asturias, one from Asturias and Castilla-Leon (El Bierzo), and two from Asturias, Castilla-Leon (El Bierzo), and Galicia. The chestnut cultivars from Galicia and Asturias were undifferentiated in genetic terms, indicating that they are not genetically isolated. Overall, chestnut cultivars from southern Spain showed the least variation. Many (58%) of Spanish cultivars produced more than 100 nuts/kg; removing this low market-value character will be a high priority. The data obtained will be of use in chestnut breeding programs in Spain and elsewhere. Growers have selected chestnut cultivars since Roman times. Traditionally, chestnut stands are derived by grafting selected cultivars onto planted seedlings. In the Middle Ages huge plan- tations were established for forestry with the dual purpose of timber and nut production (Pereira-Lorenzo and Ramos-Cabrer, 2004). Some of these plantations can still be found in Tuscany (Italy), Galicia (Spain), Tras-Os-Montes (Portugal), and Aveyron and Cevennes (France). Monasteries established most of these extensive chestnut orchards. There are 187 cultivars documented in Spain (Pereira-Lorenzo et al., 2001a, 2001b). There is considerable need to defi ne precisely chestnut cultivar variation for improved planting regimes and chestnut breeding. Breviglieri (1955) made the fi rst comprehensive study of chestnut variation using morphological characteristics in the "Scheda Castanografi ca." Later, the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) published a chestnut guide for distinguishing chestnut cultivars and suggested some


Environmental (topography, climate) features have an important influence on plant diversity and richness of Iran. On the basis of environmental factors, four ecological zones with specific plant richness from lowest area to highest area (Hyrcanian, Khalij-o-Omani, Zagross and Iran-o-Touranian zones) were established respectively. Topography is from –28m which is close to Caspian Sea to 5678m which is located on the Alborz Mountain. Two mountains (Alborz and Zagross) prevent moist air moving to the centre of Iran. Northern Iran is rich in biodiversity with 8000 plant species representative of many different life forms (Herb, Grass, Shrub and tree) in the Hyrcanian zone that is located north of. 35 o N latitude. In contrast, the lowest plant diversity is in the southern part of Iran (Khalij-o-Omanian zone), which is a flat area. The vast central plateau (Iran-o-Touranian) is divided into two divisions with mountain part and an area of high plains. The western part of Iran (Zagross zone) is affected by Mediterranean and Black sea moisture which brings snow in the winter. The dominant species are low growing plant species with forbs, grass, shrub and tree life forms. Topography and climate factors interact to plant influence distribution and richness of Iran and they play an important role in creating microniches that foster great ecological biodiversity of this country.


In a double blind parallel-group clinical trial we compared the effects of conjugated estrogen with estrogen plus methyltestosterone in surgically menopausal women. In this study 251 women were randomly assigned to one of the two regimens: 1- conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg/day+placebo. 2- conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg/day+methyltestosterone 1.25 mg/day (E+A group). Study parameters were psychologic urinary and sexual symptoms lipid profile liver function test (LFT) and side effects. Significantly greater improvement in psychologic urinary and sexual symptoms was observed in the E+A group. (P < 0.002). Changes in hairgrowth were similar in both groups. No clinically significant side effects were seen except body mass index (BMI) which was more increased in E+A group but its changes were in normal limit. (no obesity no overweight was seen) (p < 0.002). Changes in LFT were similar in both groups. LDL was increased only in E+A group but HDL rising was higher in estrogen alone group in contrast triglyceride and cholesterol levels were increased in E+A group more than other groups (p < 0.002) but the changes were in normal limit. As compared to estrogen alone E+A significantly improved menopausal symptoms in surgical menopause without added side effects. (authors)


Load cell has nonlinear error because of different ambient temperature in work,and it is necessary to compensate.The principle of temperature error of load cell is illustrated,and a method for compensating this error based on radial basis function neural network(RBFNN) is proposed.The training algorithm of RBFNN is described.Using this proposed temperature error compensation method and the load cell which the weighing range is 100 kg,the experiments are implemented under 0~60 ℃.The results show that temperature errors of load cell are decreased,and its weighing accuracy is increased.


Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is of tremendous importance in plant breeding.This review focuses on the progress of CMS studies from three aspects:(1) CMS of mitochondria through interference of the energy supply.(2)the effects of a fertility restorer gene,and(3)the application of CMS in genetic engineering of plant male sterility.The prospects of further studies on this subject are also discussed.


The problem of the pulsed magnetic field distribution in the cross section of the inductor core at the induction accelerator of electron beam is under consideration in this paper. Owing to multi-layer structure of the core package it has the magnetic and electric anisotropy with different speed of the field diffusion along the sheets of magnetic and across the sheets. At the pulse duration less than one microsecond the essential non-uniformity of the field along both axes of the core cross section can be found. This effect reduces the efficiency of the ferromagnetic material using with corresponding loss of the accelerator efficiency. The main conclusion of the paper consists of the necessity to check the field diffusion characteristics in the process of inductor design to be sure that the pulsed field is able to fill the cross section of the core during the pulse switching. The magnetic characteristics of the anisotropic core have been investigated in the paper by one-dimensional and two-dimensional simulation in the quasi-stationary approximation using the traditional equation of the field diffusion.


Thermodynamic parameters, such as standard enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropic contributions (ΔS0/R + volume phase ratio) of the partition between mobile and stationary phases, for several polar model compounds of pharmaceutical interest, were estimated in RP-LC for different flow-rates and using an octadecyl-silicagel stationary phase. The temperature range used to plot van't Hoff curves was 25–50°C, which is the usual range for separation in RP-LC. Below 20°C, van't Hoff plots become non-linear for all studied compounds, due to the changes of the balance between hydrophobic and solvophobic forces that influence the retention process. Other significant deviations were observed for one compound that is involved in inter-changeable tautomeric equilibria (as discussed for piroxicam). Regression parameters of the linear dependences obtained between retention (natural logarithm of retention factor, ln k') and reciprocal absolute temperature (1/T) together with the estimated phase ratio were used to calculate the thermodynamic parameters of the model compounds. A slight variation was observed when flow-rate was changed within the interval from 0.6 to 2.0 mL/min. The enthalpy value decreased with increasing flow-rate up to a minimum at 1.4 mL/min; at higher flow-rates these values increased slightly or remained constant.


Microcirculatory function can be assessed by postocclusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) using laser Doppler fluxmetry. Previous studies have shown that PORH reveals microvascular damage at an early stage. In particular, at younger ages, PORH might depend on age and gender. To implement PORH into a larger scale of clinical studies, one has to be aware of the influence of age and gender on microcirculation. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of age and gender on microcirculatory function during adolescence.


The invention S IP (SIP: Session Initiation Protocol) SIP intrusion for the protection of the underlying service detection and relates to a corresponding structure, and more particularly, to detection and, more SIP traffic detection and SIP-aware management of the security device of the SIP-based attacks for without compromising multimedia quality through and cope for the new SIP-based attacks, the attacker through the session takeover between manipulation and legitimate users of SIP messages disturb the call, or to bypass the authentication block the attacks devise iniquity of royalties for the purpose of SIP-aware IPS: through (intrusion prevention system intrusion prevention system) and investigate the signaling and media channels, SIP-aware IPS is DDoS: can detect (Ditributed denial of service distributed denial of service) attacks, but traffic analysis because the sensors monitor the traffic can be a big burden on the SIP-aware IPS narrowest point in the network (choke point) Install, and can analyze the traffic data collected by the sensor through the traffic analyzer, the effect of a SIP-aware IPS with the management system can be abnormal SIP traffic detection systems, and other consistent management SIP server to manage have. SIP, SIP, VoIP, Internet telephony, IMS, intrusion detection and intrusion response, intrusion prevention, intrusion prevention, abnormal traffic detection, traffic monitoring, and integrated security management, enterprise security management, RTP


This study aims to elucidate the conditions for the socio-cultural identity development of Latin American youths living in Sweden. It has been conducted with a view to the youths' own perspective, ...


Religion and Medicine in the Middle Ages PETER BILLER and JOSEPH ZIEGLER God, Galen and the Depaganization of Ancient Medicine VIVIAN NUTTON Moses, Galen and Jacques Despars: Religious Orthodoxy as a Path to Unorthodox Religious Views DANIELLE JACQUART Moments of Inflection: The Careers of Arnau de Vilanova MICHAEL R. MCVAUGH Abbreviations Editors' Note. Contributors Introduction 1. Religion and Medicine in the Middle Ages Peter Biller and Joseph Ziegler The 1999 York Quodlibet Lecture 2. God, Galen and the Depaganization of Ancient Medicine Vivian Nutton Religion and Medicine in the Middle Ages 3. Moses, Galen and Jacques Despars: Religious Orthodoxy as a Path to Unorthodox Medical Views Danielle Jacquart 4. Moments of Inflection: The Careers of Arnau de Vilanova Michael R. McVaugh 5. Curers of Body and Soul: Medical Doctors as Theologians William J. Courtenay 6. Delivering a Christian Identity: Midwives in Northern French Synodal Legislation, c. 1200-1500 Kathryn Taglia 7. Medicine for Body and Soul: Jacques de Vitry's Sermons to Hospitallers and their Patients Jessalynn Bird 8. Texts on Hospitals: Translation of Jacques de Vitry, Historia Occidentalis 29, and Edition of Jacques de Vitry's Sermons to Hospitallers Jessalynn Bird 9 Religion as Medicine: Music in Medieval Hospitals Peregrine Horden 10 Medicine and Heresy Peter Biller 11 The Incubus in Scholastic Debate: Medicine, Theology and Popular Belief Maaike van der Lugt 12 Medicine and Immortality in Terrestrial Paradise Joseph Ziegler Index


Atomization of liquids is a phenomenon that involves many variables. In order to find correlations for the effects of an extended set of variables, dimensional analysis and experimental design are used, resulting in experimental plans with very reduced number of necessary data points


Positioning systems using PHS are used in the field of logistics since the system is easily installed for users and can position a PHS terminal attached to a transport object in a building, and the terminal needs little electricity to work . In this study the methods of increasing the accuracy of the PHS positioning system and extending the battery life of the PHS terminal used in the system were developed and evaluated.


Abstract Bridge, CA, Sparks, SA, McNaughton, LR, Close, GL, Hausen, M, Gurgel, J, and Drust, B. Repeated exposure to taekwondo combat modulates the physiological and hormonal responses to subsequent bouts and recovery periods. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2529–2541, 2018—This study examined the physiological and hormonal responses to successive taekwondo combats using an ecologically valid competition time structure. Ten elite male international taekwondo competitors (age 19 ± 3 years) took part in a simulated championship event. The competitors performed 4 combats that were interspersed with different recovery intervals (63 ± 4, 31 ± 3 and 156 ± 5 minutes, respectively). Heart rate (HR) was measured during the combats and venous blood samples were obtained both before and after each combat to determine the plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations. The plasma noradrenaline (21.8 ± 12.8 vs. 15.0 ± 7.0 nmol·l−1) and lactate (13.9 ± 4.2 vs. 10.5 ± 3.2 mmol·l−1) responses were attenuated (p < 0.05) between combat 1 and 4. Higher (p < 0.05) HR responses were evident in the final combat when compared with the earlier combats. Higher (p < 0.05) resting HR (139 ± 10 vs. 127 ± 12 b·min−1), plasma lactate (3.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.7 mmol·l−1), glycerol (131 ± 83 vs. 56 ± 38 &mgr;mol·l−1) and nonesterified free fatty acid (0.95 ± 0.29 vs. 0.71 ± 0.28 mmol·l−1) concentrations were measured before combat 3 compared with combat 1. Repeated exposure to taekwondo combat using an ecologically valid time structure modulates the physiological and hormonal responses to subsequent bouts and recovery periods. Strategies designed to assist competitors to effectively manage the metabolic changes associated with the fight schedule and promote recovery between the bouts may be important during championship events.


Let the function n: R~R→R be defined by Recently, approximating continuous function of several variables by the composition and superposition 9oπ of the function π and a function of one variable g is arousing great attention due to its applications in artificial neural networks (cf. references 1—3).


Objective To investigate the CT features of atypical pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor. Methods Retrospectively studied CT findings of the 23 cases with pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor, which were proved by pathology. All patients underwent CT plain scan and 18 of them underwent CT contrast enhanced scan. Results The main CT manifestation of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor was soft tissue mass or nodule. The lesions were located around the periphery of the lung in 23 cases. The base of the lesion were adhesive to pleural with localized pleural thickening in 3 cases. The lesions usually presented multiple shape(round-shaped in 12 cases, oval-shaped in 3 cases, irregular-shaped in 8 cases).19 cases displayed sharply margin and margin was vague in 4 cases. The edge of lesion presented deep lobulation in 4 cases, serrated in 7 cases, coarse margin in 9 cases, long spiculation in 6 cases. The density of the lesions was homogeneous in 19 cases and inhomogeneous in 4 cases. The lesions were consistently enhanced in 14 cases. 4 cases displayed enhancement in the margin of lesion. Vessels crossed the Iesion was found in 4 cases. Conclusion Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor exhibits diverse and untypical features on CT, but a comprehensive analysis of their characteristic features are helpful to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of it.


Abstract. An improved multiple circular array (MCA) configuration is proposed for sparse aperture (SA) optical imaging systems. Using genetic algorithms, the practical cutoff frequency (PCOF), based on the modulation transfer function for the array, is selected as the fitness function. Moreover, the parameters, such as diameters of aperture sets, spacing between the aperture sets, and relative rotation angles between aperture sets on different concentric circles, are calculated. Improved MCA configurations, with aperture numbers of 6, 9, 12, 10, 15, 11, and 13, are given. Golay arrays, MCAs, a single annular aperture, and improved arrays with the same fill factor are compared. The results show that the improved array has highest PCOF of all the SA arrays, smoother coverage in Fourier space, and better midfrequency contrast than MCAs. Consequently, the improved array is a promising aperture configuration that can approximate a single annular aperture.


Safety is one of the main challenges when applying learning-based motion controllers to practical robotic systems, especially when the dynamics of the robots and their surrounding dynamic environments are unknown. This issue is further exacerbated when the learned information is unreliable and inaccurate. In this paper, we aim to enhance the safety of learning-enabled mobile robots in dynamic environments from the perspective of distributionally robust optimization (DRO) and the unscented transform (UT). Our method infers the unknown dynamics of both the robot and the environment by adopting Gaussian process regression with an uncertainty propagation scheme based on UT to improve prediction accuracy. This leads to a novel learning-based model predictive control (MPC) method in which state information about both the robot and the environment is propagated via UT. The proposed method uses DRO to proactively limit the risk of collisions or other unsafe events in the presence of learning errors. However, the distributionally robust risk constraint is intractable because it involves a separate infinite-dimensional optimization problem. To overcome this challenge, we exploit UT with modern DRO techniques to replace the risk constraint with its simple upper bound. The performance and the utility of our method are demonstrated through simulations in autonomous driving scenarios, showing its capability to enhance safety and computational efficiency.


In this paper, an integral identification method is proposed for continuous-time delay systems in presence of both unknown initial conditions and static disturbances from a step test. The integration limits are specifically chosen to make the resulting integral equation independent of the unknown initial conditions. This enables identification of the process model from a step test by one-stage least-squares algorithm without any iteration. The proposed identification method is demonstrated through numerical simulation and real time testing.


Patient movement monitoring system is a system that is used to detect patient's movement changes. Those changes may be either abnormal behavior or unusual changes that are done by the patient in the absence of doctor. This paper presents the implementation of patient movement monitoring system for those patients that are taking medical treatment in both local and foreign hospitals with the help of Consecutive frames analysis approach. A lot of techniques have been proposed for this problem but the main issue that has been highlighted in this paper is that there are less number of experienced doctors and nurses in both local and foreign hospitals. In this technique, we have to arrange a digital camera that will keep an eye on the patients. This camera will automatically save the unusual changes and abnormal behavior done by the patient in the absence of doctor. These images can then be analysed by the doctor at a later point of time. This research work is very helpful for critical patients like coma patients, dialysis patients and for those who were on bed for a long period. Because in these situations, only a minor movement made by the patient is detected that plays an important role in their treatment.


We review the basic principles and recent or planned applications of passive, radio frequency electric antennas for in situ measurements of dusty plasmas in space. Electric antennas as passive wave detectors are reliable and versatile tools for such measurements, with the technique of Quasi Thermal Noise Spectroscopy and its generalization to dusty plasmas. The technique has been applied in the interplanetary medium, cometary plasma and dust tails, plasma environments of the Earth, Venus, Jupiter (including the Io plasma torus), Saturn (including the plasma torus and the E ring), with antennas of various shape aboard a number of spacecraft, including, most recently, Cassini. The technique is in the course of use on STEREO (NASA) in interplanetary magnetic clouds, is selected on MMO/Bepi‐Colombo (JAXA‐ESA) for in situ plasma measurements at Mercury, and planned on the Solar Orbiter (ESA) and other spacecraft projects. The diagnostic is based on the spectral analysis of the electric potential induced by the...


C12H12CuMo4N2O15, triclinic, P1 (no. 2), a = 8.5794(9) Å, b = 10.0961(9) Å, c = 12.688(1) Å, + = 86.243(2)°, * = 83.642(2)°, & = 67.751(1)°, V = 1010.6 Å, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.034, wRref(F) = 0.099, T = 273 K. Source of material A mixture of Na2MoO4.· .2H2O (0.4 mmol, 0.0968 g), CuSO4.·.5H2O (1 mmol, 0.250 g), 1,10-phenanthroline (1 mmol, 0.198 g), H2O (14 ml) was sealed in a 25 ml Teflon-lined autoclave at 170 °C for 120 h, then slowly cooled to room temperature. Blue block-like crystals were collected by filtration, washed by distilled water, and air-dried in a yield of 45 % based on the initial CuSO4.·.5 H2O input. Discussion The title crystal structure consists of [Cu(phen)(H2O)2(Mo4O13)] polymeric chains, in which the Cu atoms are pseudo-octahedrally coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand (N1, N2), two oxygen atoms of coordinated aqua ligands (O1, O2), one bridge oxygen atom from the known ,-[Mo8O26] [1] anion (O3) and O15B from adjacent unit with the axial apical positions occupied by O3 and O15B atoms. The chelating aromatic ligand resides on the basal plane with the Cu—N bond distances of 1.980(5) Å and 2.004(6) Å, respectively, which are similiar to the corresponding [Cu(phen)(H2O)2] subunits in the [(Cu(phen)(H2O)2)2Mo6O18(O3AsOH)2] [2]. The apical Cu—O bond lengths (d(Cu1—O3) = 2.319(5) Å and d(Cu1—O15B) = 2.411(5) Å, respectively) are obviously longer than the basal Cu—O bond lengths (d(Cu1—O1) = 1.955(5) Å and d(Cu1—O2) = 1.982(5) Å, respectively). The cis bond angles at the central Cu1 atom from the apical O3 atom and O15B atom fall in the range of 81.5(2)° 104.4(2)° , the trans bond angle O3–Cu1–O15B is 164.3(1)°, suggesting a significant deviation from the perfect octahedral coordination, which maybe due to cation Jahn-Teller effect. The [Mo8O26] group can be viewed as a ring of four edge-shared octahedra [MoO6] associated with two [MoO4] units. The latter are thus triply bridging, while the oxo groups of the [Mo6O6] ring are doubly bridging. The terminal Mo—Ot distances are in the range of 1.682(5) Å to 1.716(5) Å, the bridge Mo—Ob distances range from 1.687(4) Å to 2.400(4) Å, the central Mo—Oc distances are in the range of 1.681(4) Å to 2.474(4) Å. The O–Mo–O angles are between 72.3(1)° and 168.4(1)°. The [Cu(phen)(H2O)2] subunits are linked by the adjacent [Mo8O26] groups into one dimensional ladder-shaped double chains. The coordinated aqua molecules donor hydrogen atoms to the [Mo8O26] groups O13 and O14 to form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The title compound are stabilized by --stacking interactions between the 1,10-phenanthroline ligands of neighboring molecules (mean interplanar distances of 3.101(6) Å). Z. Kristallogr. NCS 224 (2009) 653-654 / DOI 10.1524/ncrs.2009.0288 653 © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München


To identify the key factors and create the landscape of cybersecurity for embedded systems (CSES), an analytical review of the existing research on CSES has been conducted. The common properties of embedded systems, such as mobility, small size, low cost, independence, and limited power consumption when compared to traditional computer systems, have caused many challenges in CSES. The conflict between cybersecurity requirements and the computing capabilities of embedded systems makes it critical to implement sophisticated security countermeasures against cyber-attacks in an embedded system with limited resources, without draining those resources. In this study, twelve factors influencing CSES have been identified: (1) the components; (2) the characteristics; (3) the implementation; (4) the technical domain; (5) the security requirements; (6) the security problems; (7) the connectivity protocols; (8) the attack surfaces; (9) the impact of the cyber-attacks; (10) the security challenges of the ESs; (11) the security solutions; and (12) the players (manufacturers, legislators, operators, and users). A Multiple Layers Feedback Framework of Embedded System Cybersecurity (MuLFESC) with nine layers of protection is proposed, with new metrics of risk assessment. This will enable cybersecurity practitioners to conduct an assessment of their systems with regard to twelve identified cybersecurity aspects. In MuLFESC, the feedback from the system-components layer to the system-operations layer could help implement "Security by Design" in the design stage at the bottom layer. The study provides a clear landscape of CSES and, therefore, could help to find better comprehensive solutions for CSES.


Background: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) improves outcomes in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients, including patients with previously treated stable brain metastases (BMs). Our objective was to examine the characteristics of HER2-positive MBC patients with BMs prior to T-DXd use. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of T-DXd prior authorization (PA) approvals by OncoHealth for HER2-positive MBC patients between 1/17/2020 – 6/21/2022. Using medical records and utilization management data, we assessed the characteristics of PA approvals for 145 patients requesting T-DXd in Stage 4, HER2-positive, female MBC with BMs. Results: Brain metastases were identified in 41/145 patients with HER2-positive MBC prior to T-DXd authorization. Among the 41 patients The mean age was within the range of 50-59 years, 72% were hormone receptor-positive, and all were HER2 positive. 19/41(46%) had symptomatic BMs, 5/41(12%) had asymptomatic BMs. Prior local therapies for the BMs included craniotomy in 19.5% and brain radiotherapy in 87.8% prior to T-DXd. The median number of prior MBC therapies was 2 (range: 0-8) and 73% (30/41) did not receive tucatinib-based therapy prior to T-DXd. Tucatinib-based therapy was the most common subsequent line of therapy among T-DXd patients with further therapy (5/8). For available data (13 metastatic patients), 8 metastatic patients received tucatinib for an average of 149 days before receiving T-DXd for an average of 238 days, compared to 5 metastatic patients who received T-DXd for an average of 295 days before receiving tucatinib for 240 days, implying improved disease management in the T-DXd-to-tucatinib sequence. Conclusions: In the real world, patients with symptomatic, progressing BMs are more likely to receive T-DXd prior to tucatinib or potential tucatinib-based therapy, with longer duration of stability and treatment. Appropriate sequencing of available treatments with activity on brain metastases such as T-DXd and tucatinib-based therapy needs to be further studied.
 Citation Format: Andrew Toler, Laura R. Bobolts, Mark Mangurian, Melissa Pozotrigo, Corey Wise, Hiywete Solomon, Nicole Hartung, Rory Makielski, Shika Marur, Meera Ravindranathan, Shanthi Marur. Real World Data for Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-36.


In this paper same results of a series of experimental research on oil-gas-water three-phase flow phenomena in helically coiled tubes were reported. Base on these experimental results and multiphase flow theories a new technology, helically coiled tubing sand separator, for sand separation from crude oil was invented, its principle and key points were introduced.


The modern era composite materials are finding huge applications in many industries due to their excellent and unmatchable properties like high Strength-to-weight ratio, high stiffness high fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, which recognized itself as a leading material in this ever changing material marketplace. Different Industries like military, navy, aerospace and transportation industries are the possible purchaser of these fibrous materials. It propels the researchers for the expansion of hybrid fiber reinforced composites. As it is started to be used in different fields in Hybrid form the machining of these materials remain the challenging task. Drilling is considered to be indispensable operation for joining purposes. Drilling of composites is required for assembly of these composites structures in aerospace industry whose different parts are fabricated separately. However drilling of fiber composites is considered to be difficult due to some defects and damage occurs during drilling process like fiber pull-out, fiber cracking, burr formation and delamination. Out of these defects delamination is one of the major concerns in drilled holes in fiber composite materials. The present work addresses fabrication of Glass Fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) and Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites in hand-lay-up technique. The drilling operation have been performed using full factorial design ( 3 3 =27) experiments. The experimental process parameters such as spindle speed (1600, 2000, 2400), feed rate (210,310 and 410 mm/min) and drill diameter (10mm, 8mm, 6mm) have been considered for the drilling operation ; whereas surface roughness and delamination factor have been chosen as process performance characteristics. The delamination factor was found to be decreased with an increase of spindle speed, whereas it increases with increase in feed rate. Taguchi based optimal parameter settings for minimum delamination were low feed rate (210 mm/min), higher cutting speed (2400rpm) with smaller diameter drill bit (6mm). Finally, various drilling related defects, fiber pullout, fiber cracking and burrs have been studied in detail. The morphology of fiber reinforced drilled hole reveals the fiber pullout in natural fiber and glass fiber which was found to be more as compared to hybrid reinforced plastic. In this work trials are conducted to analyze the delamination using image processing technique and surface roughness using surface roughness tester.


With the convergence of the telecommunications, computer and entertainment industries, telecommunications networks are entering a phase of rapid growth in new services. To provide these services efficiently, the current network will need to evolve. However, no matter how radical this evolution, the need for signalling will remain as strong as ever. The paper discusses the following issues: the possible increase in signalling which may occur if these new services are taken up; the evolution of the signalling network topology; and whether or not the signalling changes should be of concern in networks research today.


The excellent performance of Croatian athletes and sports clubs at the world level has made Croatia internationally distinctive. Without top-quality sports personnel, equipment and sports infrastructure, athletes cannot be expected to achieve excellent results, no matter how dedicated and committed to sports they may be. For the most part, sports associations traditionally rely on funds from the state budget and the budget of local self- government units. However, given the economic crisis and growing pressure on budgets, the sustainability of the existing model of financing sports associations has been brought into question. Using the example of the Town of Rijeka, the paper analyses the allocation to sports of funds from the town budget and examines modifications in the structure of financing sports associations as the result of adverse changes to conditions in the environment.


***First a disclaimer: I am no longer an academic. I work as a Data Scientist, which means that some of my structural geology and geomorphological knowledge is now out of date. But as a Data Scientist I've now got much more experience in building code and pipelines. So, I apologise if any of my domain knowledge is rusty! I would be happy if the authors wish to speak to me in more depth about their code.***


Scientifically prediction of some statistical data in practical production can guide mission planning and scheduling, policy-making and emergency treatment. A new dynamic prediction network is proposed to improve the prediction performance of conventional method. The prediction network is composed of many chaotic operators, and its control parameters are optimized by genetic algorithm. The dynamic characteristic of the network can be changed to follow that of the system predicted. The prediction results of actual data, such as passenger traffic, freight traffic, goods volume, and passenger volume, show that the method is valid, and it has good predictive ability and precision.


In order to investigate Korean high school students' recognition and use of nutrients‐enriched foods, this cross‐sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire. The subjects of this study were 397 male students in three different high schools in Incheon metropolitan city, Korea. Data were analyzed with SPSS 14.0 program. As for use of nutrients‐enriched foods, 69.0% of the subjects ate various nutrients‐enriched foods. The nutrients‐enriched food most eaten by the subjects was confectionery, ramen, milk/soybean milk, yoghurt/cheese and beverages in order. Only 7.6% of the subject use nutrients‐enriched foods after confirming that they were enriched with nutrients. The subjects acquired the most information on nutrients‐enriched foods from newspapers, magazines, TV and internet. As for reason for using nutrients‐enriched foods, most of the subjects answered that they were good for health. As for reason for using none of nutrients‐enriched foods, most of the subjects answered that they were not effective. Calcium and vitamin C were most favorite enriched nutrients and most of the subjects intended to use nutrients‐enriched foods. Therefore, nutrition education for use of nutrients‐enriched foods should be provided at school and specific regulations and law of nutrients‐enriched foods should be prepared to ensure the effective intake of nutrients‐enriched foods in Korea.


Figure 2.1 describes the top-level flow of EXHALT. Figure 2.1 should be seen as describing data flow at a particular time step—i.e., it applies at an arbitrary snapshot in time. Arrows show the direction of data flow; dashed arrows indicate where data from one node at the previous time step is used as input to another node in the present time step (i.e., feedback). It is implicit that each variable's update during the time step may depend on its own values at previous times. Subsequent figures (which are copied directly from the computer screen) include what appear to be double-headed arrows. These are actually a combination of a solid forward arrow and a mostly obscured dashed feedback arrow. We shall describe Figure 2.1 briefly and then walk through each of the modules shown in somewhat more detail.


important treatment-related toxicity; (ii) [patients who] are intolerant to standard systemic therapy; or (iii) are unresponsive to standard systemic therapy'. These statements may be misunderstood. Firstly, there are no defined 'safe exposure limits' for narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) or for psoralen–ultraviolet A photochemotherapy (PUVA). Secondly, unless there are good reasons not to do so, it is surely prudent to offer all patients both NB-UVB and PUVA, which are distinct therapies with their own different mechanisms of action and adverse effect profiles, before progressing to newer treatments that are not proven to be of greater efficacy, and which can have such serious adverse effects as the biologicals. Both NB-UVB and PUVA are phototherapies (using the term broadly), but failure of response to one of these therapies is no more an indication of lack of response to all phototherapies than a failure to respond to acitretin implies that ciclosporin (another tablet therapy) will not work. Action levels of cumulative numbers of NB-UVB and of PUVA treatments, to guide discussions with patients, and to remind us to reassess the appropriateness of therapy over the years, can be useful. The choice of such levels is unavoidably arbitrary. The selection of 200 treatments for PUVA can be based on such pieces of evidence as that the incidence of squamous cell skin cancer is increased 14-fold among those exposed to > 200 PUVA treatments compared with the incidence in those exposed to < 100 treatments. With NB-UVB, the risks are less clear, with no proof, so far, that NB-UVB, introduced in the mid-1980s, increases the risk of any skin cancers. However, we can be guided by estimates, such as that, if we accept many assumptions, 450 whole-body (no face-shield worn) UVB exposures might moderately increase the risk of skin cancer. Whatever levels are selected, it is important to recognize that these are not maximum safe limits, nor are they absolute ceiling doses or numbers of exposures. The risks, just like the benefits, of different treatments must be considered for each patient as an individual. For a red-haired skin phototype I person, brought up in Australia and with a strong family history of various skin cancers before the age of 40 years, I would be wary of prescribing even just 100 PUVA exposures. On the other hand, I would not deprive a 60-year-old without any evidence of photodamage, and who typically gets 1 year of remission from his otherwise severe psoriasis after a 20-treatment course, of NB-UVB just because he has received a cumulative 400 treatments. What is 'safe' for one individual is not safe for another. We should remember that whatever figures we choose these are just to guide us. Perhaps 'action levels' is a better term, with less potential for causing misunderstanding, than 'safety limits' or 'ceiling doses'.


This project is a strategic analysis of SuperPages. The paper examines the critical role culture, leadership talent, and depth of bench strength has on executing a high growth strategy while maintaining a high quality product, produced efficiently, for a low cost. SuperPages is in transition as it has expanded at an exceptionally rapid pace. It has realized tremendous financial success as it has grown, from 450 to 1500 employees in three years, and doubled its top line revenue. While this degree of success has been exciting, the company has outgrown the ability of the internal structures to keep pace with the external demands. If the company continues on the same path unabated, it will be unable to meet the financial targets established as it will no longer be capable of producing the volume of work, efficiently, resulting in errors that are already starting to impact profitability. The consequences of this rapid growth have been depleted bench strength. Employees are new in their roles and unsure of what is required of them, who to go to for answers or help, and they are surrounded with people facing the same dilemma. The leadership team is adjusting to a new way of doing business, new systems, and processes, as well as managing remotely as the company expands and their employees are in different geographic areas. In many cases, these leaders are new to the company. The corporate vision, articulated strategic direction, and communication that formed the culture and set the foundation for rapid growth are no longer in place. The old culture has not been supplanted with anything more compelling, which leaves employees either, confused or determining for themselves which direction the company is going. This misalignment is creating inefficiencies and frustration. Duplication is occurring as two individuals in the same department, or two different functions, complete the same work, and wasted efforts is compounding the frustration as employees unwittingly complete work on things that are no longer a priority for the company. SuperPages needs to engage the employees in a common vision to ensure success as it continues its goal of becoming the premier directory in Canada.


Aim/Background: Glioma is a malignant brain tumor with the characteristics of rapid growth, diffuse invasion and therapeutic resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) recently have be studied for the treatment of glioma. Here, we conducted cell-based experiments to analyze the role of miR-425-5p
 by targeting RAB2B in glioma though regulating the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells. Methods: The qRT-PCR analysis detected the expression level of miR-425-5p in glioma cells. The transfection efficiency was verified by qRT-PCR. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, and
 the expression of cell cycle regulators were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry and western blot analysis, respectively. And, the invasion and migration of glioma cells were assessed by wound-healing experiment and transwell assay. Result: Among five kinds of human glioma cell lines
 (U251, SHG44, LN229, T98G), the U251 cell line was chosen for the subsequent experiment. MiR-425-5p overexpression inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells and promoted the glioma cells apoptosis. In addition, RAB2B was demonstrated to be a target of miR-129-5p.
 RAB2B inhibition could also inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells and promoted the glioma cells apoptosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that miR-425-5p could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration, and promoted apoptosis of glioma cells
 by downregulation of RAB2B.


To enable the development of an alternative approach to evaluating continuing medical education (CME) programs, six physicians have been trained to conduct structured interviews with physicians who: a) have been randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups or a control group, b) are involved in the treatment of a reasonable number of patients with selected disorders, and c) agreed to participate in a study to determine the effects of an American College of Cardiology CME program.

The project is two years in duration. The first program to be evaluated was an echocardiography program. As the evaluation of the first program is completed and the evaluation methods are refined, the second program to be studied is to be selected. The preliminary data suggest that the interview protocol was followed, that probling techniques were utilized, and that the quality of information acquired by the physician interviewers will be useful in helping to determine the effectiveness of the echocardiography program.


In the present article, the mathematical modeling of a fixed bed reactor to produce synthesis gas (mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) through the dry reforming reaction of natural gas was performed. This product is an important intermediary of the petrochemical industry, being used as reagent in the production of a vast amount of chemicals, fuels and solvents. Reforming with carbon dioxide (dry reforming) has a significant environmental bias, as it uses two of the largest greenhouse-enhancing agents to produce products of interest to the chemical industry. Thus, an adiabatic bed-type reactor (with Ni/Al2O3 as catalyst) was modeled in order to trace the conversion, temperature and pressure profiles in the equipment and to size it. The three ordinary differential equations of the mass, temperature and pressure balances were simultaneously solved by the numerical method of Euler (in Microsoft Excel), resulting in an equipment with 3 ton of catalyst and a minimum length of 3.15 m.


The founding documents of international organisations have a dual nature. They are at the same time a treaty and a constitution. They usually contain both contractual and constitutional elements, and thus have two faces, one of which may stand in the foreground, depending on the concrete case. "Treaty" here stands for a "horizontal" legal instrument with an inter partes effect, in dependency of the will of the authors who only bind themselves, and only in a temporary fashion. In contrast, "constitution" is a cipher for a "vertical" legal instrument with erga omnes effects, which can, to a certain degree, develop autonomously from its authors. The treaty elements of the founding document go hand in hand with the consensus principle and secure the relative dependency of the organization on its members. The constitution-like elements in contrast provide for a relative autonomy, dynamism, and flexibility of the organisation and create space for evolution. The constitutional face requires the lawyer to deviate from the general rules on treaties when it comes to the interpretation and revision of the founding document, and when assessing reservations to it. The constitutional paradigm deploys a specific explanatory power for the analysis of informal modifications of founding documents through the practice of the member states or the organs. Once the founding documents are understood as constitutions, modificative practices outside the formal rules on revision can be best understood as revolutions. From that perspective, informal changes are problematic in terms of legitimacy, all the more so as they undermine central constitutional principles of the organization itself. Concrete problems of interpretation or amendment of the founding documents cannot be "resolved" through labelling the document – in the style of the Begriffsjurisprudenz – as a constitution or as a treaty. However, giving the appropriate weight to the said faces in the concrete case can contribute to approach concrete legal questions concerning the founding documents of international organisations in an adequate and fair manner.


The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a super-junction diode. The manufacturing method comprises the steps of forming a super-junction structure layer comprising at least one P-type column and one N-type column which are arranged alternatively at the surface of a silicon substrate layer, and forming an insulating layer at the surface of the super-junction structure layer; forming an Ohmic contact window on the P-type column and filling a first metal layer material so as to form Ohmic contact; forming a Schottky contact window and filling a second metal layer material so as to form Schottky contact; and arranging the etched insulating layer between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. Through the super-junction structure, Ohmic contact is formed on the P-type column, Schottky contact is formed on the N-type column, forward impedance and reverse leakage current of a device are reduced, and the voltage endurance of the device is improved at the same time. The invention further discloses a super-junction diode. The super-junction diode improves the performance of a Schottky diode.


Simulations of displacement cascades in silicon carbide (SiC) indicate that most defects created are point defects, where interstitials are displaced only a small distance from the nearest vacancies. Of the interstitial defects produced in SiC, about 40% survive as freely migrating interstitials that can contribute to microstructural evolution during irradiation of SiC. The stable defect configurations in this study were created with low-energy recoils using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. These stable Frenkel pairs have been annealed at different temperatures, using MD methods, to determine the time required for interstitials to recombine with vacancies. The MD data have been analyzed using an Arrhenius relation, and the activation energies for defect recombination processes range from 0.22 to 1.6 eV for C Frenkel pairs and from 0.28 to 0.9 eV for Si Frenkel pairs. These low activation energies for spontaneous recovery of Frenkel pairs in SiC are qualitatively consistent with the recovery processes o...


Human resources are considered to be an asset by many organizations. The thinking on these lines has come in a long way, starting from the time office to personnel management to Human Resource Management since 1960s. However, from 1990 onwards the rise of knowledge based organizations like Information Technology industries and other service sector businesses made the managers to realize that the major differentiators and uniqueness of the organization comes from its human resources. Since then the approach to HRD has become employee centric, considering human resources as an asset, keeping them at best of the humor and creating a pride in the mindsets. The human relations movement which emphasized the importance of people element than the machine element restored the balance and brought forth the significance of human beings in organizations. In this context study of job satisfaction and its relation with the quality of work life gained a lot of importance among the researchers and practicing managers for the organization's growth. Quality of Work life refers to the quality of relationship between employees and the total working environment which includes, adequate and fair compensation, safe and healthy working conditions, opportunity to use and develop human capacities, opportunity for career growth, social integration in the work force, work-life balance, participative management style, reward and recognition.


In this paper, the relation between die roll height and V-ring position was studied by fine blanking experiments for imaginary special automobile seat recliner holder with various comer shapes. The three guide plate inserts with different V-ring positions and one die insert with constant die chamfer were machined, and the fine blanking tool was manufactured. Using the fine blanking tool, three experiments were conducted on the 650 ton fine blanking press. Each die roll height was measured, analyzed. We found the tendency of die roll heights on the comer shapes of seat recliner holder to increase with increasing the V-ring distance between the V-ring position and the contour of a seat recliner holder and to decrease with increasing comer radius and comer angle. This result can be used to minimize the die roll height of fine blanked parts with comer shape when designing the V-ring of a fine blanking tool.


Simple Summary Parasitoid wasps of the genus Megaphragma are some of the smallest known insects, being as small as some unicellular protozoans. Their life history is not known in great detail, but all species with known biology are parasitoids of thrips eggs (Thysanoptera) and as such, they are potential biological control agents of these pests. At the current state of knowledge of the genus, it is impossible to identify with confidence most of the Megaphragma species (original descriptions lack essential details or illustrations; molecular markers are available for very few species; many species are still undescribed while others were described multiple times). We provide the first revision of the genus that includes the formal descriptions and naming of 22 species and a key to all 32 valid species. Abstract Megaphragma species are important models for basic organismal research, and many are potential biological control agents. We present the first extensive revision of species of the genus Megaphragma based on morphological and molecular data. Our revision includes all previously described species, 6 of which are synonymized, and 22 of which are described here as new. We also provide the first key to all species of the genus and reconstruct their phylogeny based on 28S and CO1 molecular markers. The following species are synonymized with M. longiciliatum Subba Rao: M. aligarhensis Yousuf and Shafee syn. nov.; M. amalphitanum Viggiani syn. nov.; M. decochaetum Lin syn. nov.; M. magniclava Yousuf and Shafee syn. nov.; M. shimalianum Hayat syn. nov. M. anomalifuniculi Yuan and Lou syn. nov. is synonymized with M. polychaetum Lin. The following species are described as new: M. antecessor Polaszek and Fusu sp. nov.; M. breviclavum Polaszek and Fusu sp. nov.; M. chienleei Polaszek and Fusu sp. nov.; M. cockerilli Polaszek and Fusu sp. nov.; M. digitatum Polaszek and Fusu sp. nov.; M. fanenitrakely Polaszek and Fusu sp. nov.; M. funiculatum Fusu, Polaszek, and Viggiani sp. nov.; M. giraulti Viggiani, Fusu, and Polaszek sp. nov.; M. hansoni Polaszek, Fusu, and Viggiani sp. nov.; M. kinuthiae Polaszek, Fusu, and Viggiani sp. nov.; M. liui Polaszek and Fusu sp. nov.; M. momookherjeeae Polaszek and Fusu sp. nov.; M. nowickii Polaszek, Fusu, and Viggiani sp. nov.; M. noyesi Polaszek and Fusu sp. nov.; M. pintoi Viggiani sp. nov.; M. polilovi Polaszek, Fusu, and Viggiani sp. nov.; M. rivelloi Viggiani sp. nov.; M. tamoi Polaszek, Fusu, and Viggiani sp. nov.; M. tridens Fusu, and Polaszek sp. nov.; M. uniclavum Polaszek and Fusu sp. nov.; M. vanlentereni Polaszek and Fusu sp. nov.; M. viggianii Fusu, Polaszek, and Polilov sp. nov.


Based on the non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) method of computer-aided design systems, often used, said arc rational Bezier curve. In this paper, the use of the power-index weights of rational Bezier curves that arc. Bernstein-use factor and its function to select the right factor, making the curve can be generated closer control polygons, combined with the geometric method of mapping out the circular structure of a vertex of the right to control αi factor in the value of simple and convenient method Geometry has an intuitive, practical, with the CAGD.


The analysis of results of clinical and morphological trials of a zone of a resection of a fragment of a rectum at dogs in the conditions of use of the fiber-optical and infrared laser in comparative aspect is presented in article.


Groups of autistic and non-autistic retarded adolescents and young adults, individually matched for CA and verbal MA, together with a group of normal young children individually matched for verbal MA, were tested for their ability to name photographs of emotionally expressive faces and emotion-unrelated photographs of objects, and to name corresponding sounds recorded on audiotape. The results indicated that although BPVS-matched autistic and non-autistic retarded subjects were not significantly different when the emotion tasks were considered in isolation, autistic subjects differed from non-autistic retarded and normal subjects in being relatively poor at naming feelings vis-a-vis naming non-personal objects. On the other hand, there was evidence that group differences between non-autistic mentally retarded and normal subjects were not specific to the task of naming emotions. This raises doubt about claims that non-autistic mentally retarded individuals have specific deficits in emotion recognition.


Student knowledge engineering is a new instructional technique which places students in the role of expert systems developers. This paper examines the feasibility, costs and benefits of this technique within the context of the accounting curriculum. A knowledge engineering project in the area of taxation is presented and evaluated by monitoring students' problem solving behaviour before, during and after developing their expert systems. Evidence suggests that knowledge engineering provides and environment in which students learn to (1) search, (2) read with a problem solving frame of mind, (3) communicate logically, (4) organize and structure accounting knowledge, and (5) logically problem solve, while learning accounting content material. In addition, knowledge engineering gives students a hands-on introduction to expert systems technology. Student knowledge engineering was implemented and evaluated in an Accounting Information Systems course. Student experiences were generally positive and confirmed exp...


A method for secure processing of a computing device is disclosed. The computing device is configured to store access keys (access key) to the storage location to enable the computing device to operate in the operation mode. The method includes removing the access key from the storage location in response to an event that indicates the end of the operation mode.


Metoprolol administration before reperfusion has shown relevant cardioprotective effect in the AMI in preclinical setting. However, the translation to clinical arena has controversial results. The time at drug administration in the context of total duration of ischemia have been pointed as fundamental aspects to be studied.

 evaluate the cardioprotective effect of metoprolol administration regarding to the total time of ischemia, using a swine model of reperfused AMI.

 50 pigs were subjected to 3 temporary protocols of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. 30 pigs undergoing 40 minutes of ischemia (T40) were randomized 2:1 to intravenous placebo or metoprolol administrated 20 minutes after LAD occlusion.10 pigs undergoing 20 minutes of ischemia 20 (T20) and 10 pig undergoing 60 minutes of ischemia 60 (T60) were randomized 1:1 to intravenous placebo or metoprolol. Before reperfusion a CT study was performed to stablish the area at risk (AAR). CMR was performed at 7 and 45 days after AMI.

 48 subjects comprised the 7-day CMR follow-up (1 dead in the metoprolol T40,1 dead in the placebo T40) while 41 subjects comprised the 45-day CMR follow-up (5 deceases in the placebo T40 group, and 2 in the placebo T60 group). AAR was similar among groups (Table 1, Panel B). At 7-day follow-up, IS washigher in the placebo groups as compared to the metoprolol groups, but only reach significant difference in the T40 (29,67% vs. 22,85%, p=0.04, Table 1, Panel A). LVEF measured at 45-day follow-up was higher in the metoprolol groups vs the control groups, but the differences were statistically significance in the T40 (32,76% vs 39,68% p=0.04, Panel C).
 Table 1 20 mins. Ischemia (T20) 40 mins. Ischemia (T40) 60 mins. Ischemia (T60) P PLACEBO METOPROL P value PLACEBO METOPROL P value PLACEBO METOPROL P value AAR 32 (28.14–37.89) 33.41 (28.12–38.32) 0.82 32.99 (29.25–35.83) 31.42 (26.94–37.83) 0.72 33.28 (29.68–41.14) 33.93 (28.17–40.69) 0.80 0.98 IS 1.96 (0.92–3.61) 0 (0–0.65) 0.063 29.67 (27.23–35.35) 22.85 (14.53–28.10) 0.042 36.21 (33.55–40.91) 33.78 (39.36–35.39) 0.31 <0.001 LVEF 54.36 (49.75–58.97) 55.34 (53.14–60.88) 0.66 32.76 (26.91–36.10) 39.68 (35.45–45.28) 0.023 26.13 (22.40–31.25) 32.99 (31.32–35.19) 0.071 <0.001 Values are median (interquartile range). Bold indicates statistical significance. AAR = Area at Risk (% of Left ventricular). IS = Infartc Size (% of Left ventricular). LVEF = Left ventricular ejection fraction (%).

 Metoprolol administrated early before reperfusion reduced IS and improved medium-term LVEF compared to placebo. But only T40 receiving metoprolol shownsignificant protection vs placebo. These findings suggest a relevant effect of metoprolol ischemic/reperfusion injury, but depending on the total ischemic time, establishing a potential temporary cardioprotection opportunity window.


1 The effects of the adenosine analogues, 5′‐N‐ethyl‐carboxamide adenosine (NECA), R‐N6‐phenylisopropyladenosine (R‐PIA), 2‐chloroadenosine (CADO), and CGS 21680C on electrically evoked tritium outflow from preparations loaded with [3H]‐choline and on evoked endplate potentials (e.p.ps), as well as the ability of the xanthines, 1,3‐dipropyl‐8‐cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and PD 115,199 to antagonize the effects of the adenosine analogues, were investigated in phrenic nerve‐diaphragm preparations. 2 NECA, R‐PIA and CADO decreased, in a concentration‐dependent manner, the evoked tritium outflow from preparations loaded with [3H]‐choline. NECA and R‐PIA were about equipotent and more potent than CADO. 3 DPCPX shifted to the right in a near parallel fashion the concentration‐response curve for the inhibitory effect of R‐PIA on evoked tritium outflow. 4 In the presence of DPCPX, NECA increased, rather than decreased, evoked tritium outflow. PD 115,199 antagonized, in a concentration‐dependent manner, this excitatory effect of NECA. 5 CGS 21680C, in low nanomolar concentrations, increased evoked tritium outflow, an effect also antagonized by PD 115,199. 6 CGS 21680C increased, and R‐PIA decreased, the amplitude of e.p.ps recorded from preparations paralysed with tubocurarine. Both effects could be observed in the same endplate. 7 It is concluded that both inhibitory (probably A1) and excitatory (probably A2) adenosine receptors coexist at the rat neuromuscular junction, modulating the evoked release of acetylcholine.


AbstractThe analytical solution for the ultimate bearing capacity of a shallow square foundation is studied. The characteristics of existing assumptions, the calculation method, and the yield crite...


The design of hardware for military systems often includes requirements to withstand strategic or tactical nuclear environments. Hardening analyses are partly based on facts obtained from nuclear radiation tests on circuit devices. This paper presents the results of experiments conducted to investigate the functional responses of Intel 2764 and 27128 ultraviolet erasable programmable read only memories (UVEPROMs) after exposure to neutron fluence and gamma dose rate environments. Each device was evaluated for permanent device damage and for memory bit failure. An estimate of the total radiation dose was also obtained using the test data.


This paper is a personal account by a volunteer engineer supplied to Oxfam by RedR—Engineers for Disaster Relief, to provide emergency water supplies within a refugee camp in Macedonia. Originally planned for 5000 people, the camp grew to over 50 000 people within just a few weeks, requiring a rapid escalation in supply infrastructure despite limited availability of materials and expertise. In addition to being able to design a technically simple yet effective and flexible infrastructure system, the paper highlights the fundamental importance of interpersonal skills when working in crisis situations.


The presented work studies various effects in the input-current waveform in switched Voltage Regulator converters. As a first step, the input current has been mathematically characterized. This description is called up to find the relationship among the number of phases of the power converter, its duty cycle and its harmonic content. The following conclusion associated to the last model, is the optimal design for the input capacitor. The mathematical formulation depicted in this paper is validated by means of simulation results.


Abstract. To self-calibrate the intrinsic camera parameters, we designed a calibration pattern and proposed a method to estimate camera parameters involving distortion coefficients from orthogonal vanishing points. We first obtained four pairs of vanishing points from an image of the calibration pattern and selected the two pairs with the smallest error. Then, after analyzing the effect of the intrinsic parameter error from the noise of the vanishing points, we employed an optimization algorithm to obtain the best vanishing points. Using two images with different orientations, we could obtain the intrinsic parameters by using a linear method. Finally, according to the preliminary calibrated intrinsic parameters and a criterion that the airline is a static straight line in the pictorial plane, the arithmetic mean of the camera distortion, which is based on the common characteristic points, could be obtained. Simulated and experimental results indicated that the two-dimensional reconstruction error is 0.32 pixels. Although this method has the same error level as the traditional method, it has a better flexibility and can achieve real-time camera self-calibration.


The invention relates to a constant torque robot servo drilling and milling system which comprises three rotating mechanisms, a driving connecting arm, a spindle connecting component, an electric spindle and a control cabinet, wherein in the three rotating mechanisms, a rotating motor can drive a rotating part to rotate relative to a base along a plane direction of the base; one end of the driving connecting arm is connected with a third rotating mechanism, the spindle connecting component and the electric spindle; the control cabinet is respectively electric connected with and controls the running state of the rotating motors and electric spindles of the three rotating mechanisms; a cutter handle is arranged on the electric spindle and is used for performing milling operation; besides, a carving workstation comprises a programming area and a full closed processing area; a servo drilling and milling system is arranged in the processing area; an upper computer is arranged in the programming area and is used for transmitting a process control command and documents executed by the servo drilling and milling system to the control cabinet. According to the technical scheme, the constant torque robot servo drilling and milling system can run to a preset position in constant torque and high precision, the accurate milling carving effect is realized and the face carving technique can be accurately and precisely finished.


MacArthur (1969, 1970) introduced a powerful ecological minimization principle analogous in many ways to that of total energy and free energy in physics. He showed that interspecific competition should result in the minimization of a quadratic form that expresses the weighted squared deviation between useful production of resources in an area and their utilization by consumers. Unfortunately, MacArthur's proofs were restricted to symmetric ompetition matrices and were also somewhat flawed. Unlike the sister quadratics of total energy and free energy in physics, MacArthur's quadratic form is not a strict Liapunov function and not always applicable to boundary solutions. Therefore, MacArthur could not assume global stability. Since MacArthur's papers appeared, true Liapunov functions for competition communities have been introduced by Goh (1977) and Case and Casten (1979). Both formulations, however, are defined solely in terms of the deviation of competitor (and resource) numbers from their equilibrium values, a quantity usually unmeasurable to field ecologists and one which yields little a priori predictive value. Here I shall generalize MacArthur's original formulation to produce a Liapunov function, not restricted to symmetric ompetition matrices, which is defined on all the boundaries (i.e., Ni = 0 for some i). The results indicate that, within the confines of his model, MacArthur's verbal interpretation was only partially correct. That is, given a pool of consumer species potentially able to inhabit a habitat, the particular set of species which prevails will be that which minimizes the weighted squared deviation between useful production of resources and their utilization by the consumers, only when the interior equilibrium is feasible (i.e., NV > 0 for all i, where NV is the equilibrium numbers of species i). When this is not true, and not all species can coexist, the particular boundary equilibrium which prevails need not be the one which minimizes utilized resources.


To investigate the relationship between microliths and germ cell tumor histologic subtypes and determine whether microliths correlate with tumor stage at diagnosis.


In the past decades, conventional petroleum-based plastics have resulted in environmental and sustainability issues. Thus, there has been significant interest in the utilization of natural materials for nanofibers product such as for filtration media. However, poor compatibility exists between polymers and natural fibers due to natural fibers hydrophilic properties leading to poor nanofibers formation. In this study, Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) remarkable properties were explored. PALF undergo alkaline treatment and bleaching treatment in order to improve its compatibility. Thermal, morphology and structural properties of PALF raw (PR), PALF after alkali treatments (PA) and PALF after alkali + bleaching treatment (PB) were studied. Further, all the samples were diluted using Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) as the solvent and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as the polymer carrier and proceed to electrospinning to produce a nanofibers electrospun mats. The electrospun mats were then characterized in terms of its chemical properties using Fourier transform infrared spect roscopy (FTIR) as well as the morphology which using Fields Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). FTIR result shows the electrospun PET does not produce any peak at ~3400cm-1 due to its hydrophobic properties. Nevertheless, with addition of PALF, the peak was significantly increased. FESEM results indicated that the present of fibers led to a tendency of lower average fiber diameter compared to the neat PET. Unconnected and thin fibers were coexited from single fiber of PALF raw electrospun indicated that new fibers were ejected however the bond were collapsed during ejection thus did not produce a complete single fiber. Despite that, more uniform fibers of electrospun mat were produced by pre-treatment of PALF.


The object of this essay is to investigate the elements of cinematographic language in three novels of Mariano Azuela - La malhora, El desquite y La luciernaga -, in order to demonstrate that their structural complexity and the consequent incomprehension of critics and readers are due in great extent to the use of tne matographic narrative structures. Having shown the influence of film on these novels, the benefits to the author's style and national literature which derive from this appropriation are pointed out. At the same time the use of cinematographic techniques is correlated with the theory of the Obra Abierta of Umberto Eco and,finally, they are characterized like strategies of aperture.