This report is part of a series evaluating the data submitted by the several states to the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) Crash File. Earlier studies showed that reporting to the MCMIS Crash File was significantly incomplete. This report examines reporting from the state of New Mexico. New Mexico Police Accident Report (PAR) files were matched to the MCMIS Crash File to determine the nature and extent of underreporting. In 2003, there were 1,042 vehicles involved in crashes in New Mexico that were reportable to the MCMIS Crash File. Of these vehicles, 94 were actually reported, resulting in a reporting rate of 9.0%. It appears that there are significant problems in following the guidelines for reporting MCMIS reportable cases. In addition, 47 cases, or 32.4% of the 145 MCMIS cases that were reported do not qualify for reporting. Reporting rates vary by crash severity, crash month, road system, vehicle license plate state, county, and reporting agency. The reporting rate for fatal crashes was 27.5%. Of the 94 cases reported, only 4 were reported after July. The reporting rate was greater on rural interstate roads (16.5%) than on urban roads (4.4%), and vehicles with license plates from states outside of New Mexico had a higher reporting rate (12.3%) than vehicles with New Mexico license plates (4.8%). The reporting rate for buses was only 3.3%. Data quality is also reviewed. The PAR file contains some inconsistencies with respect to vehicle type. The MCMIS file, even though containing only 145 observations, suffers from missing data on several variables.


In this paper,a two-value enhancement algorithm is proposed.First,the classifier is designed to get initial binarization.Secondly,the original image and the binary image are overlaid to obtain the smooth,de-noising and sharpening effect according to certain rules.Thirdly,a mean template is designed to get further smooth and de-noising.At last,the edge of the image is cut and the binary result of discrimination by designed rules is output.The experiment results show that: the designed enhancement algorithm in the paper is an effective composite image enhancement algorithm to the mitochondrial electron microscope image.It can remove the image noise and other non-mitochondrial components adequately.Thus it can radically improve the accuracy of edge detection recognition to mitochondrial electron microscope image.


The conventional approach for treating the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effect is to apply various linear methodologies (e.g., substructure and direct methods). In the absence of any major nonlinear effect, linear methodology is sufficient to capture the SSI response parameters. However, for situations where structures are deeply embedded and/or buried (DEB) below grade and a sizeable inertial effect must be considered, the nonlinearity induced by the interaction at the soil/structure interface may potentially influence the SSI response. This is especially true for the seismic induced soil pressures. The effect of such nonlinear characteristics on SSI methodologies should be assessed to determine the extent to which the nonlinearity associated with DEB structures needs to be modeled. Sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is carrying out a research program to develop a technical basis to support the safety evaluation of deeply embedded and/or buried (DEB) structures as proposed for advanced reactor designs. In this paper, a study of the effect of the soil/structure interface on seismic induced pressures is presented. The nonlinear effect considered includes separation or slipping along the side soil/wall interface. This paper describes various finite element models developed using the LS-DYNA computer code to study the nonlinear effect associated with the soil/structure interface interaction of DEB structures subjected to seismic motion. It is found, based on results to date, that the seismic response characteristics of DEB structures are considerably influenced by the modeling technique for soil/structure interfaces. One of the prominent effects found is the soil/structure interface separations, which modify the soil pressure distributions in both circumferential and vertical directions, as well as their frequency content.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


A discussion is given on the principal technical features of real time networks which significantly ease the difficult task of providing high levels of integrity in real time system development. Real time network design lies at the heart of the approach, allowing important dynamic and distributive properties to be addressed. The rationale for the notation and structural forms is explained, together with the partitioning implications of interface specifications. Some recent multiprocessor architecture developments are described which provide an ideal implementation medium for real time networks.


When humans perform a particular task, they do so hierarchically: splitting higher-level tasks into smaller sub-tasks. However, most works on natural language (NL) command of situated agents have treated the procedures to be executed as flat sequences of simple actions, or any hierarchies of procedures have been shallow at best. In this paper, we propose a formalism of procedures as programs, a method for representing hierarchical procedural knowledge for agent command and control aimed at enabling easy application to various scenarios. We further propose a modeling paradigm of hierarchical modular networks, which consist of a planner and reactors that convert NL intents to predictions of executable programs and probe the environment for information necessary to complete the program execution. We instantiate this framework on the IQA and ALFRED datasets for NL instruction following. Our model outperforms reactive baselines by a large margin on both datasets. We also demonstrate that our framework is more data-efficient, and that it allows for fast iterative development.


Aim of this paper is to identify the endurance Bangladeshi women entrepreneurs' amid the COVID-19 epidemic. The paper is focused on women entrepreneurs, conducting business mostly (99.93%) in Bangladesh's micro, small and medium size enterprises. The study is qualitative hence various secondary sources like private and public publications, newspapers, and web-based materials were used to examine the situation. Findings of this study indicate that only 20% women-headed business in Bangladesh has got highly hampered while 90% women entrepreneurs faced tremendous mental, social, and economic stress during the pandemic. In addition, gender inequality has risen. However, even after the tremendous sufferings of this pandemic period, in Bangladesh only 1% of women entrepreneurs wish to leave their businesses. Interestingly, some of these business leaders have discovered a new opportunity to survive and expand through online business. Along with the government's stimulus package, women entrepreneurs demand more specific and supportive initiatives to endure their business. As an implication, both government and non-governmental organizations can formulate their policies and take measures based on the findings and recommendations suggested in this paper to overcome the crisis of women entrepreneurs.


204 aposi Sarcoma was first described by Moriz Kaposi (Hungarian dermatologist) in 1872.1 It is a slow-growing tumor that is originated from vascular endothelium and perivascular soft tissue proliferation. It is usually multifocal but generally involves the skin. The neoplasm is a raising concern after 1980s, after it started to appear in Acquired ImmuneDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients as epidemics.


Drag reduction agents are commonly used to prevent the energy losses during transportation in oil pipelines conduits, oil well operations and transport of suspensions and slurries. In this work, Basella Alba L as a new natural flow improver in pipelines is introduced. The effects of new natural drag reduction were tested using a transparent polyvinyl chloride closed loop fluids circulation system. The experimental work was carried out in a horizontal 1.5 inch (0.038m) pipe. The difference in addition concentration and liquid flow rate are the primary variables investigated in order to get the efficiency of Basella Alba L as natural drag reducer agents. From the experimental data, % DR is calculated. The injection of Basella Alba — natural mucilage into the water flowing produced a maximum drag reduction about 78.33% with concentration 1000 ppm. The results showed the new flow improver has potential in order to reduce the frictional pressure drop along the pipeline's length.


The tip influence on the energy level alignment at the SnPc/Ag(111) interface has been addressed via scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). A collective effect characteristic for both molecular conformations up and down is reported to shift the corresponding first filled and empty levels toward the Fermi energy via a tip−sample distance decrease. The importance of the tin ion coupling to the metal electrodes is emphasized for the newly reported "cross-bending" effect as well as for a controllable tip-induced single-molecule switching and "nano-writing" within densely packed molecular arrays.


Objective: In radiation therapy,the photon angular distribution influence the dose distribution and so on.Research the photon angular distribution of the medical linac for improving the accuracy of radiotherapy.Methods: BEAMnrc is built on the EGSnrc Code System and used to model the radiotherapy source which was developed 3-D treatment planning for radiotherapy.Use the BEAMnrc code to simulate the transport of electron and photon in the treatment head of the medical linac,where a phase space file is generated in SSD=100 cm.Analyze the phase space which contains the information of each one particle and obtain the photon angular distribution of the medical linac by using the BEAMdp code.Results: About the 6 MV linac,the photon angular distribution is the same when the analysis regions are the same in the different fields.For different off-axis area,the photon angular distribution and the cone angle of the area are the same basically.So the photon angular distribution can be estimated by the cone beam.Conclusions: The photon angular distribution and the analysis regions are relevant;The influence of the JAWS is little.In order to improve the life quality of the patients,we should consider the photon angular distribution carefully in radiotherapy dose calculation.


Deep levels in iron‐diffused heavily boron‐doped silicon are investigated by means of deep‐level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). For interstitial iron Fei a donor state is observed at 0.39 eV above the top of the valence band Ev. It is proposed that Fei exhibits charge‐dependent annealing characteristics, and in its neutral charge state Fei is mobile at temperatures as low as ≊280–230 K. Three other Fe‐related donor states are observed at Ev+0.53 eV, Ev+0.60 eV, and ≊Ev+0.63 eV. The latter two states, not reported in any previous DLTS study, are produced in comparable concentrations to that of Fei upon annealing at 100 °C, whereas the former state present directly after quenching is suggested to result from a complex defect containing Fei. It is also argued that the level observed in this study at Ev+0.60 eV is the same as the one reported earlier at 0.55 eV below the bottom of the conduction band, but that it corresponds to a donor state of an Fe‐related defect, in contrast to previous suggestions of it b...


The growth pattern of Dermacentor variabilis was determined on the basis of weight and measurements of certain external body characters. The growth characteristics of the body parts considered are discussed and the potential application of this new knowledge is explored.


Each hydropower system incorporates with appropriate hydro turbine, and hydro governor unit. In the current work, an Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of two equal hydropower systems with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller was investigated. The gain values of the PID controllers were tuned using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique with one percent Step Load Perturbation (1% SLP) in area 1. The Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Time Square Error (ITSE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) were chosen as the objective function in order to optimize the controller's gain values. The experimental results reported that the IAE based PID controller improved the system performance compared to other objective functions during sudden load disturbance. Automatic Generation Control of Hydro-Hydro Interconnected Power System Based on Ant Colony Optimization Jagatheesan Kaliannan Mahendra Institute of Engineering and Technology, India Anand B Hindusthan College of Engg. & Tech., India Nguyen Gia Nhu Duy Tan University, Vietnam Nilanjan Dey Techno India College of Technology, India Amira S. Ashour Tanta University, Egypt Valentina E. Balas Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Romania Automatic Generation Control of Hydro-Hydro Interconnected Power System


acute changes induced in the Purkinje cells of rabbits by single massive doses (1,000 to 4,000 r) of ionizing radiation have been reported by Campbell et al. (2). In a similar study on rabbits, Russel (14) observed subacute changes three months after the administration of 2,850 r. She was unable to reproduce these results in the brains of mice treated under equal conditions. The study to be reported here deals with the early changes in the Purkinje cells of C3H mice subjected to total doses of radiation varying from 267 to 5,340 r (air dose) delivered in sixteen to thirty-two days. It is hoped that these findings may throw some light on the histo-pathological phenomena which may possibly occur in the human brain treated with fractionated radiation. One such case will be described. Materials and Method A total of 40 C3H mice weaned at two months and weighing 19 to 22 gm. each was used. C3H mice were chosen because Reinhard (13) had reported that mice of this strain survived a single x-ray dose of 1,400 r t...


Background— Numerous studies report that bariatric surgery patients report more physical activity (PA) after surgery than before, but the quality of PA assessment has been questionable. Methods— The Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2 is a 10-center longitudinal study of adults undergoing bariatric surgery. Of 2458 participants, 455 were given an activity monitor, which records steps/minute, and an exercise diary before and 1 year after surgery. Mean step/day, active minutes/day, and high-cadence minutes/week were calculated for 310 participants who wore the monitor at least 10 hours/day for at least 3 days at both time points. Pre- and post-surgery PA were compared for differences using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Generalized Estimating Equations identified independent pre-operative predictors of post-operative PA. Results— PA increased significantly (p<.0001) pre- to post-operative for all PA measures. Median values pre- and post-operative were: 7563 and 8788 steps/day; 309 and 340 active minutes/day; and 72 and 112 high-cadence minutes/week, respectively. However, depending on the PA measure, 24–29% of participants were at least 5% less active post-operative than preoperative. Controlling for surgical procedure, sex, age and BMI, higher PA preoperative independently predicted higher PA post-operative (p<.0001, all PA measures). Less pain, not having asthma and self-report of increasing PA as a weight loss strategy pre-operative also independently predicted more high-cadence minutes/week post-operative (p<.05). Conclusion— The majority of adults increase their PA level following bariatric surgery. However, most remain insufficiently active and some become less active. Increasing PA, addressing pain and treating asthma prior to surgery may have a positive impact on post-operative PA.


Abstract The cycloaddition reaction of trifluoroethene with furan and a number of derivatives to give the unreported 1,1,2-trifluoro-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-4-ene, and derivatives has been investigated. Reactions were carried out in stainless steel autoclaves at 200°C under autogenous pressure using an excess of trifluoroethene. Reactions were found to proceed with furan and derivatives with methyl groups in the 2 and/or 5 positions. Electron-withdrawing substituents in these positions prevented reaction however. Attempted dehydrofluorination of 1,1,2-trifluoro-7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-4-ene using a variety of bases gave no reaction, however use of LDA led to the preparation in 25% yield of 2,3-difluoro phenol.


Like any other country in the world, the housing sector plays vital roles both in the context of the economy of Bangladesh and serving the fundamental human right of shelter. Apart from providing physical shelter, housing may have significant impact on the lives of the dwellers in terms of skills enhancement, income generation, increased security, health, self-confidence and human dignity. Bangladesh, like many other developing countries, faces an acute shortage of affordable housing both in the urban and rural areas. Moreover, housing affordability is being eroded by poor land administration policies, which have resulted in very high land prices that make urban housing prohibitive for lower-income groups. Also, there is no active secondary market for real estate, mainly because of the high transfer taxes and an uninterrupted long-term increase in land prices. In spite of all these, this sector has experienced considerable growth in past few decades.


According to the thermal-sensitive characteristic of polyurethane shape memory fiber(SMF),the shortened pretreatment process is carried out on SMF/cotton woven fabric,followed by pre-setting and jet dyeing with reactive dyes,and the setting temperature and time are controlled strictly in order to maintain the shape memory property of the fabric.The results show that the product has excellent shape memory properties with good color fastness and other associated performance such as shrinkage,evenness and tensile strength.


The present application provides: a non-human animal which is stably maintained in progeny and can produce human antibodies, and which is characterized by including a mouse artificial chromosome that contains a human antibody heavy chain gene or gene locus, and a human antibody κ light chain gene or gene locus and/or a human antibody λ light chain gene or gene locus, and in that at least two endogenous antibody genes or gene loci each corresponding to a human antibody gene or gene locus have been knocked out; a preparation method for the non-human animal; and a method for producing human antibodies using the non-human animal.


These three topical areas are the basis on which DFSS, at the executive and managerial level, achieves success. Corporate support is not good enough. DFSS initially requires a driving impulse from the highest levels in a company, well beyond verbal support. It then requires an active, frequent, and sustaining push from the top down. Clear and measurable expectations, required deliverables, and strong consequences for high and low performance must be in place for DFSS to work. If you want to read how this was handled at GE, just read the chapter on Six Sigma from Jack Welch's autobiography Jack: Straight from the Gut. The reason to do DFSS is ultimately financial. It generates shareholder value based on delivering customer value in the marketplace. Products developed under the discipline and rigor of a DFSS-enabled product development process will generate measurable value against quantitative business goals and customer requirements. DFSS helps fulfill the voice of the business by fulfilling the voice of the customer:


The calcualtion of harmonic losses and the experimental method of harmonic equivalent circuitsparameter are introduced. The influence of charateristic that harmonic imposes on motor is analysized. It can be given that relation curves and expressions of impedance parameter with harmonic frequencies and skin ef fects. The results between the calculated and measured values are well matched, so the method demonstrated is effective.


Currently, China is facing critical problems regarding the management of municipal solid waste (MSW). The failure of existing pilot programs in implementing MSW source-separated collection highlights the need to analyze the factors significantly influencing public participation in this activity. To this end, a comprehensive analysis of MSW source-separated collection in Guilin, which is representative of wider areas located in inland China and with a GDP around the national average, was conducted. The research consisted of in-person interviews involving a questionnaire and theoretical analyses in terms of public perception, public awareness, public attitude, and willingness to pay. The analytical results identify the status of waste source-separated collection and influencing factors in implementation, and provides exercisable suggestions for decision makers in both China and more generally in industrializing countries to design promotion programs and education campaigns.


Integrins are a family of heterodimeric glycoproteins on cell surfaces that mediate diverse biological events involving cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions (1). Integrins consist of an α and a β subunit and are important for cell adhesion and signal transduction. The αvβ3 integrin is the most prominent receptor affecting tumor growth, tumor invasiveness, metastasis, tumor-induced angiogenesis, inflammation, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (2-7). Expression of the αvβ3 integrin is strong on tumor cells and activated endothelial cells, whereas expression is weak on resting endothelial cells and most normal tissues. Antagonists of αvβ3 are being studied as anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic agents, and agonists of αvβ3 are being studied as angiogenic agents for coronary angiogenesis (6, 8, 9). A peptide sequence consisting of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) has been identified as a recognition motif used by extracellular matrix proteins (vitronectin, fibrinogen, laminin, and collagen) to bind to a variety of integrins, including αvβ3. Various radiolabeled antagonists have been introduced to image tumors and tumor angiogenesis (10).Most of the cyclic RGD peptides are composed of five amino acids. Haubner et al. (11) reported that various cyclic RGD peptides exhibit selective inhibition of binding to the αvβ3 integrin (50% inhibition concentration (IC50) = 7–40 nM) but not to the αvβ5 (IC50 = 600–4,000 nM) or αIIbβ3 (IC50 = 700–5,000 nM) integrins. Various radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides have been found to have high accumulation in tumors in nude mice (12). Hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC) is a coupling agent for 99mTc-labeling of peptides that can achieve high specific activities without affecting the receptor-binding ability of the amino acid sequence. 99mTc is bound to the hydrazine group, and other coordination sites could be occupied by one or more coligands. Liu et al. (13) reported the success of radiolabeling the cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp- d -Phe-Lys) (c(RGDfK)) tetramer linked by glutamic acid and conjugated with HYNIC, which displayed high tumor accumulation in nude mice bearing human tumor xenografts. Boturyn et al. (14) generated a versatile molecular regioselectively addressable functionalized template (RAFT) platform with a cyclic decapeptide [c(-Lys(Boc)-Lys(Alloc)-Lys(Boc)-Pro-Gly-Lys(Boc)-Lys(Alloc)-Lys(Boc)-Pro-Gly-)] that had two attachment sides. The upper side is linked to four copies of the c(RGDfK) peptide for integrin αvβ3 targeting, and the bottom side is linked to 99mTc for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging or other labels for other imaging modalities. Sancey et al. (15) reported that 99mTc-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 efficiently accumulated into tumors in mice. 99mTc-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 is an integrin-targeted molecular imaging agent developed for imaging of tumor vasculature and tumor angiogenesis.


This paper discusses the implementation of environmental policy, in particular tax and subsidy policy, that promotes secondary material converted from industrial waste as a substitute for virgin material. We describe a management framework for policy processes that effectively deals with uncertainties and risks arising from implementing the policy. The framework proposes a feedback strategy and cooperation between players involved in the policy, in particular the government and secondary material producers. Cooperation results when secondary material producers are selected. Selection is through a bidding process predicated on price and environmental criteria that will enhance the production of competitive secondary material and lead to realising sustainable industrial ecology.


Before you can begin any task, to some extent, you need to have some target in mind. Even if that target is hazy and indistinct, you need to aim that arrow somewhere before you let the bowstring fly. So, what is the target that Civil War interpretation aims for? I go on programs and walks with interpreters when I'm out visiting Civil War sites. I love tours.[excerpt]


Background: Almost four centuries back fracture neck of femur was described, but till today this fracture is unsolved, though situation has largely improved from the days of Sir Astley Cooper, who had said "I have never met one in whom union had taken place". High incidence of complications with this fracture even in modern day show that we still have not found way to treat this fracture appropriately and its treatment remains a challenging problem. The objective of the study was to assess the final outcome of management of intracapsular fracture neck of femur in young adult patients after internal fixation. Methods: This study has been conducted at Orthopedic Department of Government Medical College and hospital, Jammu from 2018 to 2020. 30 young adult patients with fractures neck of femur treated with CCS (27 patients) and DHS (3 patients) after taking informed consent were selected for the study. Results: 30 young adult patients in age group of 18-60 years, constituted this study. 27 patients were treated with closed reduction and internal fixation with CCS (group A) and 3 patients were treated with DHS (group B). 3 patients were lost to the follow up, all of them from group A. Conclusions: DHS appears to be more forgiving implant than CCS in fracture neck of femur in young adult patients. However number in this group is very small and hence larger studies are needed. In fixation with CCS anatomical reduction of fracture, proper screw placement is the most important criterion for achieving better results.


Background: Smartphone addiction leads to physical, psychological, and social consequences for users, particularly for adolescent users, as psychological development is still in the process of maturation. Individual and family characteristics are shown to contribute to shaping adolescent's behavior related to smartphone usage. Specifically, perceived parenting style and self-regulation have been reported as significant factors influencing smartphone addiction among adolescents.Objective: This study aims to identify the relationship among parenting style, self-regulation, and smartphone addiction proneness in Indonesian junior high school students.Method: This study used a cross-sectional, descriptive study design. Data collection took place in five public junior high schools in Jember from the 7th of January to the 8th of February, 2019. The total sample of this study was 158, purposively asked to fill out three questionnaires: Parental Authority Questionnaire, Self-Regulation Questionnaire, and Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale. Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to test the relationship between two variables.Result: The differences in smartphone addiction proneness between the risk group and non-risk group were significant depending on gender (p=0.004), daily smartphone usage time (p=0.025), and purpose of smartphone usage (p=0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between self-regulation and smartphone addiction proneness (r= -0.448, p=0.001).Conclusion: The current study found that 11.4% of junior high school students in Jember-Indonesia were categorized into risk groups for smartphone addiction. Gender, daily smartphone usage time, and purpose of smartphone usage showed significant differences between the risk group and the non-risk group. However, there was no difference in the parenting style of the mother between the two groups. Self-regulation showed a significant association with smartphone addiction.


This study aims to examine the effect of information systems on asset management in the East Aceh District Government. The research was carried out on employees of the goods section of the East Aceh District Government Offices. Determination of the sample used in this study is the census method with a total sample of 44 people. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between information systems on asset management.


We report the conversion of the tar distillate product quinaldine (1) into 2-octalone. We then demonstrate that quinaldine may be functionalized by alkylation and subsequently converted into 1-substituted-2-octalones


Lolium perenne infected with Neotyphodium lolii was employed to establish endophyte free (EF) and endophyte infected (EI) populations.They were cultured in Hoagland solutions in greenhouse for the examination of their adaptive response to phosphorus deficiency. The benefits of endophyte infection to the host plants became evident with decreasing phosphorus availability in the solutions. Endophyte infection increased the length of root and the content of phenolic compounds at low phosphorus level.


Beak and feather disease virus, the causative agent behind psittacine beak and feather disease, an often fatal disease affecting parrot species, has recently been discovered in a wild population of one of New Zealand's native parrots, the vulnerable Red-fronted Parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae). This discovery instigated a large scale investigation into some of New Zealand's other native parrot species, to determine whether they too were infected. As part of this study, I was mainly responsible for testing Yellow-crowned Parakeet samples from the South Island. A total of 788 birds from seven endemic species and one exotic species, the Eastern Rosella (Platycercus eximius), were tested. BFDV was found in the North Island in wild populations of Red-fronted Parakeets, with a prevalence of 10.5%, and in Eastern Rosellas, with a prevalence of 21.9%. For the first time, BFDV was also found in the South Island, in a wild population of the Yellow-crowned Parakeet (C. auriceps), with a prevalence of 26.7%. This study provides evidence that more than one strain of BFDV is present in New Zealand, and highlights the need for continuous screening of both wild and captive birds, in order to limit the risk of transmission to New Zealand's other endangered parrots.


Realizing the Potential of Concrete as a Construction Material Radical design and concrete practices Ready-mix concrete: An old new material for the 21st century Concrete research in practice the fourth dimension


Abstract : There have been no less that 6 attempts by the civilian leadership to assist the military in their organizational efforts. Many of these attempts were evolutionary in their making, but all were due to a belief that there was a sense of urgency that the military was either unable or unwilling to police itself in both organization and resource allocation. The Defense Reorganization Act of 1947 was a step in the right direction by combining the two departments, which as a result, also combined the two separate budgets. Unfortunately, the interservice rivalry continued for resources that led to additional amendments and then finally, another major reorganization in 1958. A sense of urgency presented itself the 1980's when the failure of Operation EAGLE CLAW, the attempt to rescue of American hostages in Iran, highlighted a significant problem imbedded in the Department of Defense: the inability of the military services to work effectively together as a joint team while involved in military operations. The resulting corrective action now known as the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 (GNA) was passed. Now, 17 years later, the DoD still has some unfinished business from GNA; overhauling the resource allocation process, and it is now more important than ever to ensure the DoD is structured to handle the demands of the 21st century. This paper looks at the history of defense reform/reorganization, the environment since GNA, and how once again the military services are unable to work effectively together as a joint team, only this time with respect to the resource allocation process. It focuses on the JROC's purpose and responsibilities, the PPBS, and finally on the acquisition process and its functionality in light of today's rapidly evolving technology.


...............................................................................................................................6 Introduction ........................................................................................................................10 Coactivation Ratios ........................................................................................................12 Mechanism of Injury ......................................................................................................19 Plyometric Training ........................................................................................................20 Purpose of the Study ..........................................................................................................22 Research Questions ............................................................................................................23 Methodology ......................................................................................................................23 Study Design ..................................................................................................................23 Participants .....................................................................................................................24 Inclusion Criteria ............................................................................................................24 Equipment and Preparation ............................................................................................24 Procedures ......................................................................................................................26 High Velocity, Closed Chain Exercise ...........................................................................28 Barrier jump front to back ..........................................................................................29 Barrier jump side to side.............................................................................................29 Lateral bounding .........................................................................................................30 Scissor jump ...............................................................................................................30 2 Q:H COACTIVATION RATIOS DURING EXERCISE Squat jump ..................................................................................................................30 Data Sampling and Reduction/Data Analysis ................................................................31 Statistical Analysis .........................................................................................................32 Results ................................................................................................................................33 Q:H Coactivation Ratios ................................................................................................33 Peak EMG Flexion Angles for Each Muscle During All Jumps ....................................36 Peak EMG Flexion Angles for Each Muscle Within Each Exercise .............................45 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................54 Q:H Coactivation Ratios ................................................................................................54 Peak EMG Flexion Angles for Each Muscle During All Jumps ....................................56 Peak EMG Flexion Angles for Each Muscle Within Each Exercise .............................57 Recommendations and Limitations ................................................................................60 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................62 References ..........................................................................................................................63 3 Q:H COACTIVATION RATIOS DURING EXERCISE List of Figures and Tables Figure 1. Qualisys© soft marker placement for biomechanical assessment .....................25 Figure 2. Noraxon© SEMG dual electrodes .....................................................................26 Figure 3. Noraxon© SEMG Electrode Placement Figure .................................................27 Figure 4. Barrier jump front to back ..................................................................................29 Figure 5. Barrier jump side to side.....................................................................................29 Figure 6. Lateral bounding .................................................................................................30 Figure 7. Scissor jump .......................................................................................................30 Figure 8. Squat jump ..........................................................................................................31 Table 1. Calculated Quadriceps: Hamstrings Coactivation Ratios for Each Plyometric Exercise (Max+SD) ...........................................................................................................34 Table 2. Pairwise Comparisons Between Exercises ..........................................................35 Table 3. Multivariate Tests with Jump as the Within Subject Variable and Gender as the Between Subject Variable ..................................................................................................36 Table 4. EMG Channel 1 (VM) Peak Flexion Angle Differences Among Exercises .......37 Table 5. Effect of Jump on Peak Flexion Angle VM Muscle Activation ..........................38 Table 6. EMG Channel 2 (VL) Peak Flexion Angle Differences Among Exercises ........38 Table 7. Effect of Jump on Peak Flexion Angle VL Muscle Activation ...........................39 Table 8. Pairwise Comparisons of VL Muscle Activation for Each Exercise ...................40 Table 9. EMG Channel 3 (MH) Peak Flexion Angle Differences Among Exercises .......41 4 Q:H COACTIVATION RATIOS DURING EXERCISE Table 10. Effect of Jump on Peak Flexion Angle MH Muscle Activation ........................41 Table 11. Pairwise Comparisons of MH Muscle Activation for Each Exercise ................42 Table 12. EMG Channel 4 (BF) Peak Flexion Angle Differences Among Exercises .......43 Table 13. Effect of Jump on Peak Flexion Angle BF Muscle Activation .........................43 Table 14. Pairwise Comparisons of BF Muscle Activation for Each Exercise .................44 Table 15.Peak EMG Flexion Angles of all Muscles During Barrier Jump Front to Back ............................................................................................................................................46 Table 16. Effect of Barrier Jump Front to Back on Peak EMG Flexion Angle for Each Muscle ................................................................................................................................46 Table 17. Pairwise Comparisons of Peak EMG Flexion Angle of All Muscles During Barrier Jump Front to Back ................................................................................................47 Table 18. Peak EMG Flexion Angles of all Muscles During Barrier Jump Side to Side .48 Table 19. Effect of Barrier Jump Side to Side on Peak EMG Flexion Angle for Each Muscle ................................................................................................................................48 Table 20. Pairwise Comparisons of Peak EMG Flexion Angle of All Muscles During Barrier Jump Side to Side ..................................................................................................49 Table 21. Peak EMG Flexion Angles of all Muscles During Lateral Bounding ...............50 Table 22. Effect of Lateral Bounding on Peak EMG Flexion Angle for Each Muscle .....50 Table 23. Pairwise Comparisons of Peak EMG Flexion Angle of All Muscles During Lateral Bounding ...............................................................................................................51 5 Q:H COACTIVATION RATIOS DURING EXERCISE Table 24. Peak EMG Flexion Angles of all Muscles During Scissor Jump ......................52 Table 25. Effect of Scissor Jump on Peak EMG Flexion Angle for Each Muscle ............52 Table 26. Pairwise Comparisons of Peak EMG Flexion Angle of All Muscles During Scissor Jump ......................................................................................................................53 Table 27. Peak EMG Flexion Angles of all Muscles During Squat Jump ........................54 Table 28. Effect of Squat Jump on Peak EMG Flexion Angle for Each Muscle ..............54 6 Q:H COACTIVATION RATIOS DURING EXERCISE


We introduce and study some new subclasses of p-valent starlike, convex, close-to-convex, and quasi-convex functions defined by certain Srivastava-Attiya operator. Inclusion relations are established, and integral operator of functions in these subclasses is discussed.


This paper presents the development of an environmentally friendly leisure boat. The study seeks to choose an appropriate hull form configuration, propulsion system and material to minimize bank erosion and prevent air and water pollution. An asymmetric catamaran hull form configuration was selected and an electric motor with solar cell was chosen as propulsion system. GRP material was chosen to ensure ease of maintenance and corrosive resistance Key-Words: environmentally friendly, leisure boat, asymmetric catamaran, electric motor, solar power. ** Currently in Faculty of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia


The treatment of pernicious anaemia by parenteral injections of liver extracts has almost universally replaced the oral administration of whole liver. Among the disadvantages of whole liver are its relatively high cost, the difficulty of ensuring a regular supply, the distaste engendered by its prolonged administration, and the uncertainties attending its assimilation in patients whose digestive and absorptive processes are impaired. Recent reports, however, have indicated the superiority of whole liver in the treatment of certain types of macrocytic anaemia, such as those occurring in pregnancy, sprue, and tropical nutritional deficiency states; occasionally cases of these anaemias have in fact been shown to be refractory to fractionated liver extracts administered parenterally but amenable to whole liver given by mouth. Accordingly it occurred to one of us (D. R.) that it might be an advantage to administer to such patients whole liver in a soluble predigested form.


This year has seen President Obama move from foreign policy difficulties such as the Ebola crisis and Islamic extremism in Iraq to a string of triumphs including a commitment to normalize relations with Cuba and a climate deal with China. Reviewing US foreign policy in 2014, Peter Trubowitz reminds us that Obama came into office committed to rebalancing America's international and domestic accounts and that there is no sign that this commitment has changed. Obama's political challenge now is to build on these strategic gains over the final two years of his presidency.


This paper examines the relationship between knowledge core competence strategy and performance of Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State, Nigeria. The research design adopted was survey research design through cross sectional design that examined how knowledge core competence strategy enhanced the performance of Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State, Nigeria. The population consisted of seventeen (17) regional Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State, Nigeria. The sample size of one hundred and seventy (170) was determined from the seventeen Regional Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State, Nigeria. This comprises of one (1) top manager, five (5) middle managers, and ten (10) lower managers. One hundred and seventy questionnaire were distributed, while hundred and thirty were retrieved and used for the analysis dues to some irregularities in answering the questions. The collected data was analyzed using the Spearman's Rank Order Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) within a significance level of 0.05. The findings showed that there is a strong positive relationship between knowledge core competence strategy and performance of Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State, Nigeria. We therefore recommended that Deposit Money Banks in Rivers should implement adequate measures of knowledge core competences which includes; organizational area of interest, skill performance, technology, human capacity or know how that will enhance customers satisfaction and increase patronage of Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State, Nigeria.


InMarch2013, theUniversity ofUtah'sGlobal Partners, housed within the School of Medicine's Department of Family and PreventiveMedicine, embarked on a needs assessment of the health assistant (HA)profession inNepal as a response toEarle Canfield's request to the Physician Assistant Education Association (PAEA). Canfield, a US physician assistant PA working in Nepal, felt that the timing was right to connect his experience and contacts within Nepal with US PA educators to enhance health care in Nepal. Thirteen years earlier, he founded AmericanNepali Students and Women's Education Relief (ANSWER), a nongovernmental organization that supports and educates hundreds of marginalized children in 120 Nepali schools and colleges. ANSWER educates in many disciplines including allied health professionals. During the construction of Nepal Health Care Cooperative's (NEHCO's) first of 5 regional hospitals in Kathmandu, Canfield considered that this health system might be an avenue by which rural health care could be simultaneously improved. Earle, with the assistance of American-trained PAs in Kathmandu, Krishna Gurung and Stephen Knoble, thought that, with little additional resources, a PA-styled training programcouldbe included. Problemsof caste, poverty, truncated education, and the shortcomings of ruralmedical care delivery in Nepal might be partly addressed by advancing the HA profession, which is similar to the US PA profession. In rural Nepal, there exists an acute need for adequately trainedandavailablehealth careworkers.HAs commonlywork in rural health posts and urban areas. Canfield requested assistance from theAmericanAcademyof PhysicianAssistants (AAPA) who referred the request to PAEA. In addition, he made an appointment with NEHCO administrator Dr Ram Prasad Shrestha who became amajor player and advocate for enhancing the HA profession in Nepal. Dr Shrestha was trained in Russia before medical schools existed in Nepal. As a highly regarded physician and surgeon, he had wide experience across Nepal in rural and urban settings with many administrative offices and clinical appointments, and was familiar with the HA program that predated Nepali medical schools. With his invaluable contacts and wide-ranging experience, Dr Shrestha had the capacity to be a champion for Canfield's cause. After meeting with Canfield in May 2013 at the conference where he received the AAPAHumanitarian Award for his work in Nepal, Global Partners promoted the idea of Dr Shrestha for a US fact-finding visit to demonstrate the US model of the PA profession.


In this paper, the time reversal based imaging methods have been used in the area of ultrasonic Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) for extended target, the size of which is on the order of the ultrasonic wavelength or larger. Both time reversal with multiple signal classification (TR-MUSIC) and phase-coherent multiple signal classification (PC-MUSIC), the two typical time reversal based imaging methods, have been introduced to obtain the ultrasonic image by post-processing the pulse-echo signals belonging to the ultrasonic array data. Experimental system has been designed and built to capture the real ultrasonic array data via full matrix capture (FMC) process from the test sample. The experiment was implemented on a block of Al with Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) line, which can be considered as the extended target. The experimental results show that PC-MUSIC over the given frequency range can provide the shape and size of the extended target, however, TR-MUSIC fails. In addition, the various dimensions of signal subspace are chosen, and its effect on the imaging result has been studied.


1,2 Professor, Department Of Computer Engineering Mitcoe, Pune, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The main challenge of wireless sensor network is its lifetime. In this type of network, single static sink node is present, a sensor device node require more energy for estimating information packet specifically those are available in the area of the sink node. Such nodes separate the energy so fast due to the numerous tone traffic patterns and at the end they die. This uneven event is named as hot spot issue which gets more real as the numbers of sensor nodes increases. Generally, replacement of such energy sources is not feasible and cost effective solution. For this problem, there is one solution regarding to distance. If the distance between sensor and sink node is minimized; the energy consumption will be effectively reduced. This paper presents the solution for enhancing network lifetime with energy saving of sensor nodes. Here we also discuss on the limitations and advantages of previous methods. The sensors nodes consume more battery power which is at minimum distance from sink node. Therefore, energy of sensor nodes in network will quickly consumed their energy. So that, the lifetime of a sensor nodes will be produces. To overcome this drawback of this system, we propose alternate shortest path technique. To enhance the efficiency of energy along with network lifespan this approach is used. Furthermore we developed a novel technique called Energy Aware Sink Relocation (EASR) for remote base station in WSN if the energy of alternate path is going to die. This system exploit information recognized with the remaining energy of sensor nodes battery for increasing the range of transmission of sensor node and relocation technique for the sink node in network. Calculate some numerical and theoretical calculations are given to demonstrate that the EASR strategy is used to increase the network energy of the remote system essentially. ECC algorithm increases more network lifetime and transfers secure data. An improved AESECC hybrid encryption design has good flexibility and versatility. It has improved the speed of the digital signature generation and authentication.


Objective To investigate the occurrence of tinnitus in patients with auditory neuropathy and analyze their clinical and audiological characteristics. Methods Clinical history, physical examination and audiological examination data (including pure tone audiometry, acoustic impedance, ABRs, DPOAEs, speech perception and ECochG) were reviewed and analyzed in 225 patients with auditory neuropathy (age 3 to 45 years, male to female ratio = 1:1.23 ). Results 1) Tinnitus was reported by 126 of the 225 AN patients (56%), more in adolescent patients. 2) Incidence of tinnitus in male and female patients was 52.48% and 58.87%, respectively, without significant difference (P0.05). 3) The incidence of tinnitus increased as the duration of AN,increased and was as high as 82.14% in patients with an AN history longer than 10 years. 4) The incidence of tinnitus in syndromic AN patients was significantly higher than in non-syndromic AN patients (84.00% vs 42.00%). 5) AN patients with mild to moderate hearing loss were more likely to have tinnitus than AN patients with other levels of hearing loss. Conclusion The occurrence of tinnitus in AN patients is correlated with age of disease onset, duration of disease, degree of hearing loss and pattern of hearing loss. Analysis of clinical characteristics of tinnitus in AN patients may facilitate further research in pathogenesis of tinnitus in AN patients.


Problem. For an hour, in the scientific-methodical recommendations of the ship-experts, it is installed in the scientific-technical literature of the day-to-day parameters of galvanizing of vantage, bug-capable transport equipment, so that it is inaccurate to introduce autotransport equipment for the eastern part to inaccurate zasob_v unique road transport suit. Goal. The value of the function of galvanizing large transport bridges on the basis of the coordinates of the position to the center of the heavy transport, realizable values, which are realized between the tires and the supporting surface, as well as the support for the rear axle of the transport bridges. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to solve this goal are based on the theoretical foundations of braking multi-axle vehicles, the scientific provisions of elastic deformations of pneumatic tires of automobile wheels, geometric and weight parameters of a wheeled vehicle. Results. The equations that allow to calculate the value of the braking coefficient of multi-axle vehicles based on the coordinates of the position of the center of gravity, the realized couplings between the tires and the bearing surface, as well as the load distribution between the respective front and rear axles of the vehicle. Rivnyannya is assigned, which allow the positioning of the coordinates to the center of the car of a multi-axle wheeled transport vehicle for both front and rear axles. The calculation schemes of the position of the coordinates of the center of mass for two-axle, three-axle and four-axle with different axle layout are presented in graphical form, which give a general idea of the mass distribution between the front and rear axles of the vehicle. Originality. Presented in a graphical view of the layout of the positioning of the coordinates to the center of the car for a two-axle, three-axle and one axle with a small layout of the bridges, which give a far-reaching display of the space between the front and rear axles of the transport vehicle. Practical value. The results can be recommended by the experts-auto technicians in the development of technical capabilities for the drivers of vantage transport means, uniqueness of the road-transport usability.


SUMMARY Reduced-impact logging (RIL) is widely expected to maximize conservation values of selectively logged tropical forests; however, there remains a lack of supporting data to confirm the effectiveness of individual RIL practices. This study evaluates the extent of damage to residual stands and soil caused by directional felling, elephant skidding, and road construction in a tropical mixed deciduous forest under the Myanmar Selection System (MSS). The felling damage number was consistently larger for bamboo clumps than for trees over the range of felled tree size and felling intensity. Soil disturbed by road construction made up 4.6% of the 9-ha study area, but no visible damage to residual trees and soil from elephant skidding was found three months after the operation. Directional felling toward bamboos and elephant skidding of MSS are effective as RIL practices, producing the lowest level of damage to residual trees and soil as compared with other RIL studies.


This session continues with teaching skills by reviewing a variety of prompts that can be used to enhance a child's skill acquisition.


Objectives to evaluate the peak skin dose received by the patient and scattered dose to the operator during the dual-axis rotational coronary angiography and compared to standard coronary angiography. Methods An anthropomorphic phantom was used to simulate coronary angiography and generate radiation dose. Procedures included the simulation of standard coronary angiography taking into account the complexity of the individual lesion and dual-axis rotational coronary angiography. The peak skin dose was measured with thermoluminescent dosimeter arrays and scattered dose with a dosimeter at predefined height (approximately at the level of left arm) at the operator's location. Results Measurements showed, compared to standard coronary angiography, there is a reduction in peak skin dose (the overall reduction: 68%) and scattered dose (the overall reduction: 58%) with the use of dual-axis rotational coronary angiography. Moreover, these reductions become greater in the set of complicated lesion examinations (a reduction of 82% for peak skin dose and 70% for scattered dose). Conclusions In comparison to standard coronary angiography, dual-axis rotational coronary angiography can reduce peak skin dose and scattered dose, especially for the complicated lesion examinations. The major reasons seem to be the overall decreased amount of applied energy during the dual-axis rotational coronary angiography, and that it can spread the administered dose over a larger area and minimise the peak skin dose.


Feature extraction is the key to object recognition. How to obtain effective, reliable characteristic parameter from the limited measured data is a question of great importance in feature extraction. In this paper, EMD is used to extract frequency feature of a speech signal, which can better reduce its redundancy. EMD is an effective method for processing non-stationary signal. It is feasible to extract frequency feature of speech signals with EMD.


In 2014, three female swimmers were hospitalized with symptomatic exertional rhabdomyolysis (Stanfa et al., 2016). PURPOSE: To serially monitor and assess relationships between skeletal muscle damage, upper and lower body soreness, and physiological stress during the first seven weeks of high volume training in collegiate female swimmers. METHODS: 23 female NCAA D1 swimmers presented to the lab six times during 7-weeks of pre-season training. Blood was drawn at six timepoints for measurement of serum creatinine kinase (CK), myoglobin (MYO) and a complete metabolic panel. Serum cortisol (C), testosterone (T) and T/C ratio were assessed at Weeks 1 (baseline), 4 and 7. Upper body soreness (US) and lower body soreness (LS) were assessed, at the six timepoints that blood was drawn, using a visual analogue scale (0-10-inch unmarked scale). A repeated measures ANOVA with a Bonferroni correction were performed, with data reported as means±SD. Correlation analyses performed with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Weekly training load consisted of: 88% swimming, 6% running, and 6% weight training which gradually increased from 16 hours to 20 total training hours/week over the first seven weeks of training. Significant changes were noted in CK (135±68; 446±723; 171±83; 202±80; 180±100; 206±170; p=0.01), US (1.5±1.8; 3.9±1.7; 3.3±1.8; 5.4±1.6; 6.1±1.8; 3.7±2.0; p<0.0001), LS (1.3±1.5; 5.0±2.2; 3.4±1.8; 5.0±1.9; 4.8±1.8; 4.1±2.0; p<0.0001), cortisol (19±10; 15±6; 11±5ng/dL; p<0.0001), and T/C ratio (2.4±2.3; 3.0±1.8; 4.1±2.8; p=0.0003) but not in MYO (39±20; 63±141; 29±18; 30±17; 24±4ng/mL; 29±14ng/mL; p=0.32) or testosterone (33±14; 37±14; 36±14 ng/dL; p=0.29). Significant correlations noted between CK vs. MYO (r=0.84), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.21), and aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.49) when data were combined, but largely driven by an outlier with CK=3558 ng/mL and MYO=691ng/mL at MUSCLE DAMAGE, SORENESS, AND STRESS 3 Week 2 (first training week). CONCLUSION: Muscle damage in collegiate female swimmers remained largely within the normal range (CK<200U/L) on average, but was highly variable between individuals. No correlations noted between muscle damage (CK, MYO) and (upper and lower) body soreness, at moderate (2-6) ratings of muscle soreness. Serum cortisol declined over training, promoting an anabolic hormonal environment. MUSCLE DAMAGE, SORENESS, AND STRESS 4 Introduction Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome that results from injury to skeletal muscle that alters the integrity of the cell membrane, resulting in subsequent breakdown of muscle fibers and leakage of those contents into extracellular fluid. Most notable of these muscle fibers include creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, and electrolytes (Gabow et al., 1982, Galvez et al., 2008). Serum CK levels five times higher than normal value typically confirms rhabdomyolysis, and though there is no current accepted hospitalization level, CK greater than ten times the upper limit (approximately 2000 U*L-1) is frequently used as a marker (Clarkson et al., 2006, Lima et al., 2008). Symptomatic rhabdomyolysis is often denoted by a classic triad of symptoms which includes muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine (Cervellin et al., 2010, Galvez et al., 2008). However this can be misleading, as <10% of patients show this triad, and >50% demonstrate asymptomatic rhabdomyolysis and do not experience muscle weakness at all (Torres et al., 2015). The main causes of rhabdomyolysis include direct muscular injury, strenuous exercise, drugs, alcoholism, infections, hyperthermia, seizures, hypothermia (Gabow et al., 1982). Acute kidney injury is the most serious complication associated with rhabdomyolysis, which is the result of an accumulation of myoglobin, a nephrotoxic substance, in the kidney (Torres et al., 2015). Rhabdomyolysis accounts for 7-10% of acute kidney injury cases in the United states, and of those diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis, 33-50% of patients experience acute kidney injury (Bosch et al., 2009, Lima et al., 2008). Acute kidney injury occurs when there is volume depletion due to the sequestration of water in injured muscles, (Bosch et al., 2009). To compensate for this loss, aggressive forced MUSCLE DAMAGE, SORENESS, AND STRESS 5 hydration is required using sterile saline and glucose solutions (Cervellin et al., 2010). This intravenous resuscitation replaces fluid into the intravascular space that may have been sequestered in large amounts into areas of myocyte damage and it increases urine flow to the tubules to prevent renal failure from myoglobin deposition (Galvez et al., 2008). Plainly, it clears out the toxins that have made it into the bloodstream and flushes the body of waste. The goal of volume expansion is to maintain urine output at more than 200-300 ml/hour (Bosch et al., 2009, Cervellin et al., 2010, Lima et al., 2008, Smoot et al., 2013). It is also important to maintain urine pH levels between 6.5-7.5, which can be done by adding sodium bicarbonate to the intravenous regimen (Cervellin et al., 2010, Torres et al., 2015). Exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is characterized by exercise-induced muscle fiber breakdown. There is a great amount of literature surrounding ER in endurance events such as triathlons and marathons, weight lifting, and military basic training (Galvez et al., 2008). Several risk factors such as inadequate hydration, high ambient temperature, and supplement use are associated with the development of this syndrome (Furman, 2015). Physically untrained individuals are typically those found with exertional rhabdomyolysis, but conditioned athletes who unexpectedly increase the volume and intensity of their workouts have also been found to be susceptible (Smoot, et al.). This is why many describe ER as "too much, too fast, too soon" of any particular exercise (Eichner, 2011). Eccentric contractions have been found to be a common theme in athletes who exhibit ER. In one study, 100 back squats were completed using different time intervals and number of sets, CK levels ranging from 96,987 to 331,044 U/L (Smoot et al., 2013). A different case study following another collegiate football player performed 10 sets of 30 repetition squatting MUSCLE DAMAGE, SORENESS, AND STRESS 6 exercises (300 total) was found to have 130,899 U/L at time of admittance to the hospital (Moeckel-Cole & Clarkson, 2009). Eccentric muscular contractions found in exercises such as running downhill during marathons, ultra marathons, and triathlon races have also been seen to increase these levels (bruso et al., 2010; Noakes, 1987; Souza et al., 2006). Exertional rhabdomyolysis has become more prevalent in Division 1 sports today. Five clusters of symptomatic exertional rhabdomyolysis have been reported in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes, of which including football, lacrosse, and swimming (Stanfa et al., 2016). In sports such as these, it is often found that clusters occur during a time directly following a break or during pre-season training in their sport (Eichner, 2013; Galvez et al., 2008; Stanfa et al., 2016; Smoot et al., 2013). In 2008, a case report surrounding seven division-1 swimming athletes was published. This was the first case of ER to be reported in recent literature and entailed 3 consecutive days of upper-extremity dry-land training (Galvez et al., 2008). In 2016, a second case report of rhabdomyolysis was published in collegiate swimmers. This case cluster involved well-trained, in-shape, athletes who underwent a dry land, short interval, high intensity, upper-extremity competition (Stanfa et al., 2016). Though renal failure is a potentially serious complication associated with rhabdomyolysis, these case studies both suggested that upper-extremity workouts that cause high levels of CK typically do not lead to renal failure. However, there is no algorithm that has the ability to predict when detrimental effects such as renal failure might occur (Galvez et al., 2008). The female swimmers that were hospitalized in the study by Stanfa et al also showed signs of overtraining marked by elevated blood pressure and decreased lean mass over 16 weeks MUSCLE DAMAGE, SORENESS, AND STRESS 7 of training (Stanfa et al 2016). Other studies have looked at overtraining syndrome by evaluating the ratio between the hormones, cortisol and testosterone. In response to the acute stress of physical activity, both cortisol and testosterone are released into the bloodstream and are catabolic and anabolic, respectively (Emami et al., 2016). In other words, cortisol tears down muscle mass while testosterone stimulates skeletal muscle growth. This catabolic/anabolic relationship is essential to initiate an increase in muscle growth (Tanner et al., 2014). Sometimes, the testosterone/cortisol ratio is used to assess the relationship between the building muscle/breaking down muscle, with the higher the value the more muscle breakdown that is occurring (Emami et al., 2016). A higher testosterone/cortisol ratio would be indicative of overtraining (and over-reaching, which can lead to overtraining). The primary purpose of this study was to serially track the trajectories and evaluate the relationships between muscle damage, muscle soreness, and over-reaching in female collegiate swimmers during the first six weeks of pre-season training. We hypothesize that the markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase) will correlate with muscle soreness (upper and lower body), which would peak after the first week of training. We also hypothesize that cortisol (the hormone of stress) will increase while testosterone (the muscle-building hormone) will decrease over time and training, leading to a temporary over-reaching syndrome in response to heavy training. MUSCLE DAMAGE, SORENESS, AND STRESS 8


ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of energy-gathered ultrasound treatment on the antioxidant and physicochemical properties of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from garlic straw. Results showed ultrasonic power and time play an important role in the antioxidant activity of SDF. The strongest activity of scavenging hydroxyl and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was obtained at ultrasonic treatment of 100 W for 20 min. SDF modified by ultrasound exhibited improved water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, swelling capacity and cholesterol binding capacity. Ultrasonic-treated SDF had lower viscosity than that of untreated SDF. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement showed that ultrasound degraded SDF into fragments with smaller particle size. Ultrasound treatment did not change the primary structure of SDF in the test conditions according to the result determined by FTIR. The overall results indicate that SDF from garlic straw treated by energy-gathered ultrasound has great potential to be used in functional foods.


Sexual Harassment in the Hospitality Industry – Employees' Coping Strategies and Employers' Prevention Strategies : A Case Study of Two Chain Hotels


Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is used in individuals born one gender but identify as a different gender. For the male-to-female transition, GAHT includes 17β-estradiol (E2) plus either an anti-androgen (AA) or surgical intervention, castration (CTX). We hypothesize that GAHT will increase cardiovascular risk in the transfemale. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: Control, E2 [5 mg/day, silastic capsule pellet s.c., replaced every 3 weeks], AA [Spironolactone, 10 ng/kg/day, diet], CTX, E2+AA, and E2+CTX. AA and E2 were initiated at 14 weeks of age; CTX were exposed to AA for 2 weeks prior to CTX at 16 weeks of age. Each group was subdivided into EchoMRI for measurement of lean and fat mass and serial E2 (ELISA) (N=6-8) up to 27 weeks of age, or implanted with radiotelemetry (N=4-5) inserted at 16 weeks for continuous measurement of blood pressure (BP) starting at 18 weeks to 27 weeks of age. Angiotensin (ANG) II (200 ng/kg/min, s.c. minipumps) was started at 24 weeks of age and continued for 3 weeks in the blood pressure group. Statistics: One-way ANOVA with multi-group comparisons, P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Average testes weight was reduced in E2-treated male rats compared to Control, P<0.0001 (1.9±0.04, 0.3±0.02, 1.9±0.05, 0.3± 0.01 grams; Control, E2, AA, E2+AA, respectively). Body weight (374±5, 287±5, 390±2, 392±11, 303±8, 287±10 grams) and lean body mass (338±4, 254±5, 351±3, 350±10, 266±7, 262±6 grams) were decreased in E2-treated male rats compared to Control, P<0.005, Control, E2, AA, CTX, E2+AA, E2+CTX, respectively. E2 administration was associated with a significant increase in circulating E2 in E2-treated male rats versus Control, P<0.0001 (21±5, 367±37, 10±1, 19±5, 415±35, 359±41 pg/ml; Control, E2, AA, CTX, E2+AA, E2+CTX, respectively). The BP response to ANG II was elevated in Control, E2, AA, and E2+CTX, but not in CTX or E2+AA. These data indicate protection from ANG II hypertension was abolished with E2 in CTX male rats, but the BP response to ANG II was attenuated in CTX and E2+AA. Collectively, these studies indicate that E2 enhances cardiovascular risk in CTX male rats and highlights the importance of sex steroids on BP control. HL143459, P20-GM-104357, P20-GM121334, T32-HL105324, LGBTQ Fund of MS This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


We analyze a common feature of p-Kemeny AGGregation (p-KAGG) and p-One-Sided Crossing Minimization (p-OSCM) to provide new insights and findings of interest to both the graph drawing community and the social choice community. We obtain parameterized subexponential-time algorithms for p-KAGG—a problem in social choice theory—and forp-OSCM—a problem in graph drawing. These algorithms run in time O.2 O. p k logk/ /, where k is the parameter, and significantly improve the previous best algorithms with running times O.1.403 k / and O.1.4656 k /, respectively. We also study natural "above-guarantee" versions of these problems and show them to be fixed parameter tractable. In fact, we show that the above-guarantee versions of these problems are equivalent to a weighted variant of p-directed feedback arc set. Our results for the above-guarantee version of p-KAGG reveal an interesting contrast. We show that when the number of "votes" in the input top-KAGG is odd the above guarantee version can still be solved in time O.2 O. p k logk/ /, while if it is even then the problem cannot have a subexponential time algorithm unless the exponential time hypothesis fails (equivalently, unless FPTD Ma1c).


Controlled/living radical polymerization was developed to synthesize branched polyacrylates and polystyrene with tunable degrees of branching and low dispersities. This method is based on a polymerization-induced branching process that occurs when n-butyl α-bromoacrylate is copolymerized under atom transfer radical polymerization conditions. This novel branching polymerization demonstrates excellent synthetic versatility, enabling the preparation of complex macromolecular architectures constructed from branched-polymer building blocks.


Corporate culture is in essence a way of administration. To enroot the corporate culture and carry out the cultural way of administration in a company, it is necessary to operate the corporate culture as an administrative function. By doing so, the tasks, the organization and the system of administration, which fit the way of administration, come into being.


Most of the ophthalmic or spectacle glass used in this country was imported prior to 1914. At present very little is imported and the industry is firmly established in the United States. The various glasses used are listed and their defects discussed. The problem of fusing bifocal lenses is covered in considerable detail. Marked improvement has been made in goggle glasses and colored glasses are being standardized. The effect of sunlight on certain clear and colored glasses is given.


Embedded instruments are responsible for aiding in a wide range of tasks engineers must perform on integrated circuits (ICs), including testing, debugging, and analysis. The IEEE 1687 IJTAG standard provides efficient access to these instruments without specifying proper measures to establish access control to sensitive data on the ICs. Previously, the impact of this exposure was generally limited to local attackers obtaining proprietary information from a device to which they have physical access. However, newer endeavors such as IEEE P1687.1 aim to extend IJTAG access to other serial ports, broadening the attack surface to additional local and remote attackers alike. In order to protect these components from local and remote attackers, we describe a lightweight and low-cost protocol to authenticate users that offers solutions to access control, key distribution, and insecure secrets stored on-chip.


as iV—> 00. In the particular case when JUJV = 0 and a = 6, the limit values of (1.2) and (1.3) were recently obtained by Erdös and Kac [ l ] . 1 The case when [INT^O, especially when /i^iV converges to a finite value, is of particular importance in the theory of sequential tests of statistical hypotheses. I t will be seen in §3 that the limit distribution of the number of observations required by a sequential probability ratio test can immediately be obtained from the limit values of (1.2) and (1.3), and vice versa.


An electrochemical sensor with a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) decorated with a composite of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and tungsten oxide (WO3) was prepared for the quantification of codeine. The crystal structure of the CNT-WO3 composite was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and the morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In comparison with bare GCE, WO3 modified GCE and CNT modified GCE, the CNT-WO3 composite modified GCE revealed a welldefined oxidation of codeine. Besides, the current response exhibited a remarkable enhancement during the oxidation process. The current response of codeine oxidation peak is linearly related with the codeine concentration ranging from 0.005 to 20 μM with the detection limit of 0.02 μM. The improved voltametric behaviour and long-time stability of the electrochemical sensor make it successfully applied for codeine determination in the medicament and human urine.


Propagation of subnanosecond pulses over Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) microstrip line has been reported to suffer from serious time- delay (the Slow-wave effect) in the microwave/millimeter wave frequency range (200approximately equals 4000 MHz) and in the substrate resistivity range of 10-3 approximately equals 102 (Omega) cm (such as in silicon or gallium arsenide). This is primarily due to a huge equivalent capacitance generated by the thin insulation layer. This paper investigates the feasibility of employing a periodically corrugated surface at the oxide- semiconductor interface, which provides guided mode conversion (TM-to- Hybrid mode), to decrease the equivalent inductance of the microstrip line and compensates for the increase in parasitic capacitance. The price paid for speed increase in signal propagation is signal attenuation. It is predicted that for wiring length less than 3 mm signal attenuation will be in a tolerable range (less than 10%).


Based on the sequence reported on Genebank,we clone MAP30 gene from Momordica charantia(balsam pear).An exclusive fragment was amplified respectively by three pairs of primers designed for this cloning and the result of that sequencing fragment show the manipulation was successful.Contacted with the practice,primers design was discussed.


Scale,space distribution and dynamic change of construction land are the important fields in which the government takes management in dynamic monitoring of land use.Based on the data of the change of land use in Chongqing from 1996 to 2007,using the indexes of dynamic degree of construction land and intensity of annual change,the article analyzed rules and causes of construction land through quantitative research in its spatial-temporal differentiation of the changing process.The results showed that,urban land,town land,independent industrial and mining land,transportation land and conservancy facilities land in construction land increased year by year after Chongqing was directly under the management of the nation from the temporal point of view.The area of urban land has increased fastest,while rural resident land reduced continuously.From the spatial point of view,the differentiations of construction land change were large in different regions,in which the area of construction land in "one circle" has increased fast and continuously,while the rate of grow fluctuated considerably in "two wings",about three quarters of construction land in counties were in the middle or high speed changing level.Spatial-temporal differentiation of construction land in Chongqing was related to the development of industrialization and urbanization,added to the construction of large-scale conservancy facilities and traffic main roads.It is predicted that the quantity of construction land in Chongqing would also increase continuously in the next few years.


Article is devoted to the content of the term «plurality of individuals in civil commitments». The author analyzes the main features of this legal
phenomenon. Also she distinguishes the plurality of individuals from similar cases.
Key words: plurality of individuals in commitments, passive plurality, active plurality, mixed plurality, debtor, creditor.


The content and the state of sufficiency or lack of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Mo、Se in 8 styles and 6 types of grassland in Suniteyou banner were analyzed.The results showed that plant community's N content from study area in August was 16.86g/kg;the pasture was rich in Ca but lack of P,and calcium-phosphorus ratio showed imbalanced seriously,so grazing livestock should pay attention to supplement of P;the content of K,Mn,and S in pasture was normal and the content of Fe,Mn was high,so grass nutrients can satisfy the demand of livestock in warm seasons;the content of Cu,Zn,Se was low,so diets should be supplied with them appropriately.The enrichment order of trace elements in different grassland type in study area was River pan and lake basin lowlands salt meadow pasture Monadnock sloping steppe desert pasture Hilly steppe pasture Hilly desert steppe pasture High plain desert steppe pasture Dune vegetation pasture.


The 77Se (γ, n) cross section was measured for the energy range from 7.6 to 13.8 MeV by using quasi-monochromatic laser-Compton scattering γ-rays. The advanced method to deduce γ-ray strength functions from (γ, n) cross section was developed. By utilizing the method, the γ-ray strength functions of 77, 78, 80Se were deduced so as to reproduce the 77, 78, 80Se (γ, n) cross sections measured in this work and previous systematic measurements. The inverse (n, γ) cross sections for 76, 77, 79Se isotopes were calculated using the statistical model calculation code CCONE with the deduced γ-ray strength functions. The uncertainty of the calculated 79Se(n, γ)80Se cross section was evaluated by comparing the calculations and the experimental data on 76, 77Se (n, γ) cross sections.


Fruits of Solanum Lycopersicum, well-known as tomatoes, have got an high contents of essential nutritive elements for human health. They are rich of vitamins C, A, B group, D, K and minerals (P, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, K, Na) besides to be very rich in flavonoids and lycopene (1, 2). These characteristics make tomatoes the best allies against cancer disease and an essential food for a good health. This research is focused on tomatoes grown in polluted soils to ascertain their phytochemical and nutritive features. Heavy metals cause serious damage to living organisms by altering cellular signaling and by causing irreversible damage to biological systems (3).Pulp and seeds from tomatoes grown in muddy soils have been analyzed for their antioxidant power and their toxicity because of the possibility that heavy metals were present in the soils. An antioxidant assay on methanol extracts was made by using DDPH, while an ABTS [2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of lipophilic fractions. Results of the antioxidant assay showed that the tomatoes showed a high level of antioxidant activity especially in the lipophilic fractions which contain the most representative compounds. Antiproliferative activity was performed on HeLa, PDAC, and A375 cell lines by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] MTT assay. Neither the seeds nor the pulp of the extracts showed antiproliferative activity. The presence of heavy metals was evaluated by using spectroscopy of atomic absorption with a graphite oven. Test results showed the absence of heavy metals and these results have an interesting scientific role because they provide useful information for promoting food safety. These results indicate that Solanum Lycopersicum have a very important role not only for the primary prevention of a several diseases for its lycopene and flavonoids content but also for its capability to not adsorbe Heavy Metals.


Collaborative technologies and reasoning strategies gain prominence with the growth in multi-agent systems, ubiquitous sensor systems and ubiquitous computing. This paper presents an architecture for social reasoning for agents who share the task of reconnaissance Collision conflicts amongst a large group of mobile robots is best resolved with social reasoning that involve negotiation and understanding.


In the modern power grid, the increasing level of penetration of renewable energy generation is creating a need for the augmentation of power system inertia as conventional synchronous machines are unable to provide this feature alone. Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) make power converters to emulate the dynamic frequency response of traditional synchronous generators. In this paper, the emulated virtual inertia of a VSG is applied to improve the frequency response of a model predictive-controlled (MPC) distributed AC microgrid (MG) system. The simulated proposed control was demonstrated to be effective for high-inertia frequency response and high bandwidth voltage tracking after the occurrence of sudden active power and reactive power load changes at the common bus of the MG system.


Urinary stone is the most common abnormality occurring in human urinary system. Early detection in medical imaging is important for promptly treatment or surgery planning. Recently, deep learning methods have been proposed and played a major role in medical image applications. The performance of deep learning model largely depends on the size of training samples. However, the number of samples of patient having urinary stones is limited, and the process of labeling preparation is time-consuming and need experts. In this research, we used a combination of real stone-contained images and synthesized stone-embedded images to train U-Net model to segment urinary stones in abdominal x-ray images. Furthermore, the simple augmentation methods which appear realistic in x-ray images were also implemented in these combined datasets. From the comparative experiments, the proposed method can achieve higher F2 score than U-Net trained with only real images. This method not only helps to reduce the requirement of training data and labels of positive samples, but also increase the number and variability of training data to improve deep learning performance.


Navigation simulator is a product of highly developed maritime technology, the STCW 78/95 Convention puts forward the corresponding requirements on the application of the navigation simulator. This paper analyzes the current applying status of navigation simulator, discusses the professional technical characteristics of maritime cases and limitations of traditional maritime trial, points out the relative hysteresis quality of the maritime trial in application of navigation technology, and makes a prospect for the application of navigation simulator in trial maritime, including assisting the judges to ascertain the facts of cases and fix the evidence to promote case hearing rapidly and improve the scientific judgment.


It has been over a half of century since Chuandishan basalt christened in 1953.Because of no isotopic geochronology data for this volcanic event in the strototype of the basalts and many Cenozoic high position basalts,similar to the Chuandishan basalt in Northeast China,the name of Chuandishan basalt has been widely used in a lot of related papers on the basalts formed by different volcanic events in Paleocene-Pliocene in this region,which led to enlarge the time span of this name and bring inconvenience to the study of Cenozoic volcanic event sequence in Northeast China.The dating of the Chuandishan basalt on top of the stratotype section indicates that the whole rock age of K--Ar is(28.3±2.3) Ma.Combined with other documents,the Chuandishan basalt can be recognised as an event stratigraphic unit,or it can be considered in board sense as a volcanic stratigraphic unit formed by volcanic events in late Oligocene sedimentation.


This work discusses the emergence and development of theatre arts in Turkey, it gradual formation and transformation into a theatrical skill and art which we are accustomed to seeing. The author undertakes an attempt to consider the original form of theatre, its participants, scope of activity, genres and the influence of theatre on the Turkish citizens, on the government and on the Turkish art in its broadest sense.


--- This study's purpose is to provide up -to-date knowledge on the connection between periodontal disease and diabetes from the standpoint of oral health, and its goal is to accomplish this through presenting the material. Both diseases are the consequence of a range of different factors that can either cause the disease to begin or modify the disease's progression. The likelihood that a person may develop either sickness varies from person to person, and both diseases are caused by a variety of different conditions. Chronic periodontal disease has been hypothesized all appear to be related to one another, there is a possibility that there is a connection between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease. Those with type 2 diabetes who are successful in treating their periodontal disease may have an improvement in their ability to control their blood sugar. If glucose regulation is improved, there is a possibility that periodontal disease can be managed more effectively.


We used a Kerr microscope, image processing, and photo editing to clarify magnetization reversal and its propagation in a sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet. Magnetic domain change was observed when a dc field from +20 to 20 kOe was applied to a sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet. Simultaneous magnetization reversal in several grains along the easy axis direction and its propagation to neighboring grains occurred. This indicates that the nucleation field in a grain and magnetic interaction between grains are important controlling factors of the coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.


A persistent large (200‐km‐diam) warm core eddy has been reported [S. Tabata, J. Phys. Oceanogr. 12, 1260–1282)] in the Northeast Pacific Ocean off Sitka, Alaska (centered at 57° N Lat., 139° W. Long.). Not associated with a strong boundary current, this eddy differs from a previously observed South Pacific warm‐core eddy [P. Scully‐Power et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 1381–1388(1978)]. It appears to be formed from an influx of warm water at 100–500 m which moves northward along the North American Coast. At these high latitudes the surrounding water mass is relatively cold with a deep sound channel axis at 200 m and a secondary channel axis at 100 m. It was found, as in other warm core eddys, that there is a broadening of the secondary sound channel. For this eddy there is also a significant change in the depth of the deep sound channel axis (400 m at center of eddy, 200 m outside the eddy). An analysis was conducted using a range dependent propagation modeling program for a sound speed cross‐section of the eddy. Results which show the relative effect on sound propagation are given for various source and receiver depths. Computations are also made of the frequency dependence of both the deep and secondary sound channels and their interdependence as suggested by Hall [M. Hall, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66, 1102–1107 (1979)].


The Zero divisor Graph of a commutative ring $R$, denoted by $\Gamma[R]$, is a graph whose vertices are non-zero zero divisors of $R$ and two vertices are adjacent if their product is zero. In this paper we derive the Vertex and Edge Connectivity of the zero divisor graph $\Gamma[\mathbb{Z}_n]$, for any natural number $n$ . We also discuss the minimum degree of the zero divisor graph $\Gamma[\mathbb{Z}_n]$.


A preterm newborn baby needs a peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICVC) for the administration of parenteral nutrition (PN), intravenous (IV) fluids and medications. Echocardiogram is performed on this baby to ascertain the presence of PDA. Echocardiogram shows an incidental finding of inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis that is partially blocking the IVC. Here the question arises whether administration of continuous infusion of heparin through the central venous catheters including the umbilical venous catheters (UVC) or peripherally (percutaneous) inserted central venous catheters, commonly referred as long lines can reduce the incidence of catheter related thrombosis in neonates.


This paper is concerned with the solvability of a fully nonlinear third‐order m‐point boundary value problem at resonance posed on the half line. The nonlinearity which depends on the first and the second derivatives satisfies a sublinear‐like growth condition. Our main existence result is based on Mawhin's coincidence degree theory. An illustrative example of application is included. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Vocabulary is one important aspect of learning a foreign language. With a limited vocabulary, anyone will also have a limited understanding. Learning vocabulary therefore is perceived important. However, EFL learners often have a limited acces to learn vocabualary. With the growing of technological uses in language teaching, this study aims at unveil the level of students' interest in learning vocabulary through Instagram. The quantitative approach therefore is used in this study. The study involves 49 senior high school students of SMAN 1 Palopo. The findings indicate that that the average score of students' interest in learning vocabulary through Instagram is 67,58. The highest percentage of the result is 44.41% that indicates that the students of SMAN 1 Palopo are interested in learning vocabulary through Instagram.


This paper provides an analysis of the increasingly prevalent involvement of private equity funds (PEFs) in the maritime sector, with a focus on the European ferry sector. The development and workings of PEFs are explained, including a review of the pros and cons of this type of investment model/funding vehicle. A series of case studies relating to the acquisition of individual ferry operators by PEFs are presented, in order to better understand the nature of these sorts of transactions. A comparative analysis of the circumstances of each case study is included, as well. Several characteristics of individual ferry operators that PEFs find attractive are as follows: existence of barriers to entry on ferry routes served; a long-established business track record; consistently stable cash flows; and large market shares. These characteristics are quite similar to other essential transport infrastructure investments, such as roads and railways. The author concludes that PEFs appear to find the ferry market a relatively safe and attractive investment opportunity. Thus, sellers of ferry services need to be conscious of the potential opportunities and disadvantages of PEF investment and ownership.


An inverter controller for driving a brushless DC motor, wherein the rotor of the brushless DC motor provided with a permanent magnet, the inverter circuit includes an inverter controller, position sensing circuit, a DC voltage sensor and a conductive angle controller. The inverter circuit is connected to the brushless DC motor to drive the motor. The position sensing circuit in accordance with an induced voltage of the brushless DC motor, the sensed position of the rotor relative to the stator. The voltage value of the DC supply voltage sensor for sensing the inverter circuit DC supply voltage. The conduction angle controller is responsive to the rate of change of the DC supply voltage, changing the conduction angle of the inverter circuit is in the range of less than 180 degrees in electrical angle.


Security Science integrates the multi-disciplined practice areas of security into a single structured body of knowledge, where each chapter takes an evidence-based approach to one of the core knowledge categories. The authors give practitioners and students the underlying scientific perspective based on robust underlying theories, principles, models or frameworks. Demonstrating the relationships and underlying concepts, they present an approach to each core security function within the context of both organizational security and homeland security. The book is unique in its application of the scientific method to the increasingly challenging tasks of preventing crime and foiling terrorist attacks. Incorporating the latest security theories and principles, it considers security from both a national and corporate perspective, applied at a strategic and tactical level. It provides a rational basis for complex decisions and begins the process of defining the emerging discipline of security science.

A fresh and provocative approach to the key facets of security
Presentation of theories and models for a reasoned approach to decision making
Strategic and tactical support for corporate leaders handling security challenges
Methodologies for protecting national assets in government and private sectors
Exploration of security's emerging body of knowledge across domains

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Concept of Security

Chapter 2 Security Risk Management

Chapter 3 Security Management

Chapter 4 Business Continuity Management

Chapter 5 Physical Security

Chapter 6 Security Detection

Chapter 7 Knowledge Management

Chapter 8 Intelligence Led Security

Chapter 9 Built Environments

Chapter 10 Homeland Security

Chapter 11 Future Directions