1. Shrink holder (700, 1000) for bonding a plurality of articles (702, 1002) comprising: a first sheet (728, 1028), formed from a heat shrink material, wherein the first sheet has a length dousadochnuyu; and! a second sheet (726, 1026) formed from a heat shrink material, coupled to the first sheet, wherein the first and second sheets are in the first connection points (740, 1040) so that the second sheet forms a plurality of loops extending from the first sheet, each of the loops defines an aperture (732) having a size larger than the size of one of the articles, the first and second sheets are capable of heat shrinkable to an extent sufficient to shrink the hole to bond the at least two of the articles together into a unit. ! 2. The holder of claim 1, wherein the first and second sheets are joined via at least one of heating or an adhesive. ! 3. A holder according to claim 1, formed as a group of shared holders formed sequentially from the first and second sheets. ! 4. The holder of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first or second sheets includes perforations formed to allow removal of products from the unit after heat shrinkage. ! 5. The holder of claim 1, further provided with second connecting portions (1042b), joining the first sheet (1028) to itself at locations spaced from the second sheet (1026). ! 6. A holder according to claim 1, wherein the first sheet has a first side and a second side, wherein the holder includes two second sheet (726), wherein one of the second sheets disposed on the first side of the first sheet (728) and the other of the second sheets It located on the second side of the second sheet. ! 7. The holder of claim 1, to a


The Pan-American Advanced Studies Institute (PASI) on "Physics and Technology at the Nanometer Scale" was held in San Jose, Costa Rica, June 25–July 3, 2001. This PASI school was the first to focus on recent developments in various areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology in condensed matter systems such as quantum dots, molecular electronics, carbon nanotubes, spintronics, buckyballs, scanning probe techniques, etc.

PASI is a joint program supported by the National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy, designed to facilitate the interaction of participants from all countries in the Americas at advanced graduate and postgraduate levels.


I cannot find words to express my gratitude to my esteemed supervisor Dr. Tejinder Kaur. Words would rather fail to explain my deep feelings of gratitude and indebtedness for her. It is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge. She has been a source of constant support, encouragement and inspiration for me. She gave her valuable suggestions at every step in completion of this thesis. She is a pillar of support, an epitome of strength, as loving as a mother, as strict as a father, as caring as a friend, a disciplinarian, yet always so approachable and warm at heart.


This is an elegant poem. It is by no means the most psychologically rich poem Frost ever wrote, yet in its starkness and clarity we as readers only benefit. Perhaps the first thing we notice is that the poem is an interior monologue. The first line establishes the tone of a person musing quietly to himself on the situation before him: "Whose woods these are I think I know." He pauses here on "the darkest evening of the year," the point in time poised between the day and the night, between consciousness and unconsciousness, between waking and sleeping, between life and oblivion. There is a slight lack of surety in the speaker saying to himself, "I think I know," thus again signifying the meeting ground between what he knows and what he does not. These antimonies, his lack of certainty, and the muted sense of passion provide the tension by which the poem operates.


To the Editor: I read with interest the recent article by Sieber et al investigating in vivo in rats the possible role of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in the pathogenesis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). They used a model employing healthy rats with normal renal function that received 20 injections of 2.5 mmol/kg of GBCA over a 4-week period (daily injections for 5 days/weeks). The animals were killed 5 days after the last injection. Animals that received the nonionic Gd linear chelate Omniscan (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) developed macroscopic skin lesions attributed to the deposition of gadolinium in the affected tissues. The authors suggested that the animal model used resembles the clinical situation found in patients, with severe renal impairment, who received 2 triple doses of GBCA. This is not completely true and the authors ignored a fundamental difference between multiple exposures to GBCA in an organism with a normal elimination half-life and single dose administration with delayed elimination, as is the case in most patients with advanced renal impairment who have developed NSF. In the former situation, new molecules of the GBCA are administered with each injection and each administered dose is eliminated without delay because renal function is normal. In an organism with renal impairment, the molecules of the GBCA remain within the body for a prolonged time. The delayed clearance of the GBCA enhances the possibility of their dissociation and the release of free gadolinium ions. This is particularly relevant in studying a possible role in the pathogenesis of NSF for GBCA with higher stability than the 2 nonionic linear chelates, Omniscan (GE Healthcare) and OptiMARK (Covidien Ltd., Hamilton, Bermuda), which have the lowest stability measurements among the clinically available GBCA. Although the ionic linear chelate Magnevist (Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany) did not induce macroscopic skin lesions in the animal model used, it is feasible that in rats with reduced renal function Magnevist molecules that would remain within the body for a prolonged time dissociate and release free gadolinium precipitating skin lesions. The lack of obvious effect with Magnevist in the animal model used is due to rapid clearance of the molecules after each injection in addition to its higher stability than Omniscan. In conclusion, although Sieber and colleagues should be congratulated on a very interesting study, the animal model they used and the approach of multiple exposures to GBCA does not accurately represent the clinical problem faced in humans. Further studies in vivo using a suitable animal model of chronic renal impairment such as rats with remnant kidney (5/6th subtotal nephrectomy) is required. Such an animal model would offer a better understanding of the role of Gd-CM in triggering the development of NSF and identify any important difference in the stability of the GBCA available for clinical use under biologic conditions that favor dissociation of the Gd-chelates.


The invention relates to a process for the preparation or production of biochips and biochip. In the method, a hydrophobic material is sprayed by means of a micro-injection process to a substrate to form thereon a hydrophobic region, the hydrophobic region separates a plurality of partition sections on the substrate, and a probe on the partition portion with the aid of a microinjection process immobilized or . incapacitated.


Means for communicating between a mobile device and a plurality of transceivers. The apparatus includes a first transceiver, which data transmission to a mobile device at any of a plurality of channels. The apparatus further includes a second transceiver, in which any of a plurality of data channel transmission to a mobile device.


All existing data sources used to reconstruct 3D building models have certain restrictions. An eye-catching alternative is IndoorOSM, one of the most popular examples of the newly evolved crowdsourced geodata. The potential power of this rich and simple-formatted data source has been proven by many researches. However, a fatal flaw of IndoorOSM is also pointed out, which is its accuracy. Another promising data source that has been looked into is 2D architectural floor plans. They are also commonly available and full of detailed indoor information. Due to the inconsistencies and ambiguities existing among real-life floor plans, previous researches all are established on different user cases. Althogh sharing a common pipeline, they differ from each other in every step, from the data structure, processing procedure to the 3D reconstruction method. The combination of these two data sources can be beneficial, because architectural floor plans can offer IndoorOSM better accuracy and extensive indoor information while IndoorOSM can provide a unified data structure and 3D reconstruction workflow for information extracted from floor plans. Based on a throughout review of the characters of real-life floor plans, a set of rules are proposed to redraw architectural floor plans from real life. These rules mainly focus on reorganizing information contained in floor plans, taking advantages of the layering and blocking functions supported by CAD application. The original geometry and graphical representation in the raw floor plans is reserved as much as possible. Redrawing is only required when unstandardized representation is encountered. Then, an automatic process is accordingly presented to extract desired information from the redrawn floor plans into an IndoorOSM database. Finally, highly detailed CityGML LoD4 models with interior structures can be generated using a method proposed by Dr. Marcus Goetz. The pipeline is tested with several floor plans from real life for 3D reconstruction. User feedback validated the feasibility and efficiency of the redrawing rules.


A fourfold typology of supervisory feedback is developed by crossing the locus of feedback (output vs. behavior) with the valence of feedback (positive vs. negative) provided to salespeople. Findings from an empirical study suggest that positive feedback serves an informational and a motivational function and has a significant effect on salespeople's performance and satisfaction. In contrast, negative feedback serves an informational function, but not a motivational function, and improves performance to a relatively small extent. Further, whereas positive output feedback is found to have the strongest total effect on performance, positive behavioral feedback appears to have the strongest total effect on satisfaction. Interestingly, neither negative output feedback nor negative behavioral feedback seems to reduce salespeople's satisfaction with supervisors. Finally, contrary to expectations, salespeople's acceptance of supervisory feedback does not appear to moderate these relationships in general.


Received 26 September 1984; accepted 28 February 1985 ~ . A polycondensate prepared from shellac, ethyleneglycol, maleic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride was found useful as a durable antistatic and soil release agent for polyester fabric when applied in conjunction with diethanolamine and diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate. The application of the finish improved the hydrophilicity and breaking strength of the fabric, whereas its air permeability remained unchanged and the tear strength showed marginal deterioration. --


The present invention provides an enhanced millipore filtering film and a method, device for preparing, the enhanced millipore filtering film includes a non-woven fabric as substrate, employing casting wipe way, casting film liquid is applied on the front and the back surfaces of the non-woven fabric, two layer film is formed by gelatin, characterized in that the thickness of the non-woven fabric is 30-120 micron, planar density of the non-woven fabric is 30-100g/m2, thickness of each film layer is 5-10 micron; casting film liquid in two film layer is composed by mixing a polymer resin, an organic solvent and an additive; parts by weight of the polymer resin in the casting film liquid, parts by weight of the organic solvent : parts by weight of the additive is 5-40:40-90: 0.5-50. The enhanced millipore filtering film of the invention is applied in the sampling monitor or filter of alpha radioaerosol under the high radon environment.


Objective: The current review sought to synthesise and evaluate ADHD guidelines to identify recommended procedures for co-occurring and differential diagnosis for ADHD assessments of school aged children. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted by searching PsycInfo, Medline, CINAHL and Web of Science. A grey literature search was also performed. ADHD guidelines that described a diagnostic process for school aged children, published between 2013 and 2021, by Government organisations or a national professional association, and written in English were included. Results: Each of the six included guidelines were produced by panels consisting primarily of paediatricians and psychiatrists. All guidelines recommended assessing for co-occurring conditions. Five of the guidelines recommended consideration of a differential diagnosis. Five guidelines also recommended referral to a specialist, mental health clinician or psychologist when diagnostic uncertainty exists. Conclusions: Guidelines to assist in the assessment of referred cases were not discovered. There is a need for recommendations to be developed to supplement existing guidelines to aid psychologists and mental health clinicians in a systematic ADHD assessment process, particularly in complex cases.


Abraham Lincoln is usually described as a purely American, almost provincial, figure. But his ideas and wartime policies should also be understood in a transatlantic context, since Lincoln's ideas and policies conform so remarkably to the patterns of classical liberal ideas in Europe in the nineteenth century, and especially to the Manchester School of Richard Cobden and John Bright. In contrast to the failures and disappointments of Continental liberalism, Lincoln's triumph in the American Civil War represents a world historical victory for bourgeois liberal democracy.


Evidence-based practice, or evidence-based medicine (EBM), has been a buzzword within the health professions for several years, following the business sector's focus over the past two decades on the need to define best practices in business. It has long been a value that research would ultimately give direction in providing health care that is as effective, safe, and economical as possible. Basic research is far removed from clinical application. For example, basic research might entail the confirmation of a clinical phenomenon, the synthesis of a new molecule, or the identification of a new hormone receptor. It is in the realm of applied research, in which those foundational basic findings are built on and used to achieve desired outcomes, that evidence-based practice is determined. One definition of evidence-based practice is "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of EBM means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research" (Sackett, Rosenberg, Gray, Haynes, & Richardson, 1996, pp. 71-72). The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), which can be accessed at www.ahcpr.gov, has assumed a leading role in promoting evidencebased practice as a way to reduce what has been described as an epidemic of errors in patient care in the United States. Included in the AHRQ's legislative mandate is support of synthesis of scientific clinical and behavioral studies on particular treatments and technologies and widespread dissemination of resulting reports. These research findings, syntheses, and guidance are intended to assist providers, clinicians, payers, patients, and policy makers in making evidence-based decisions regarding the quality and effectiveness of health care. One excellent, consumer-friendly example is AHRQ's Web page on how consumers can reduce the risk that they will be exposed to medical error (20 Tips, 2000). Readers will note that the Web site is not heavily laden with research terminology, yet it is a synthesis of the best information available on this topic. Another AHRQ example pertinent to nurses in HIV/ AIDS care focuses on management of dental patients who are HIV positive (Management of Dental Patients, 2001). Three issues were addressed through an extensive review of literature included within the past 12 months within the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and the Cochrane Collaboration Library: risks to HIV-positive patients related to invasive oral procedures, oral conditions as markers or indicators of change in HIV status (i.e., seroconversion and immunosuppression), and the efficacy or effectiveness of antifungal treatments (prophylactic and curative) for oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. The analysis and conclusions are provided, along with questions for future research. Clinicians are given the best knowledge to date as well as suggestions for where their own research might be focused. This clearly conveys the important concept that knowledge is ever changing. The New York Academy of Medicine in partnership with the Evidence-Based Medicine Committee of the American College of Physicians, New York Chapter, received a grant from the National Institutes of Health


Numerical methods have become increasingly effective tools for analysis and design of composite materials. This study investigates how the inclusion of geometrical variations in modelling 3D woven fabrics affects the accuracy of numerical predictions. Based on micro-Computed Tomography data of 3D orthogonal woven composites, unit cell models were generated in TexGen at different levels of geometrical detail. Two types of analysis were implemented: (a) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulates resin flow during fabric impregnation in composites processing to predict permeability; (b) implicit static finite element analysis predicts in-plane tensile strength of the composites. By comparison with experimental data, the numerical predictions indicate that local geometrical variations, particularly in yarn cross-section, surface crimp and binder yarn path, have significant influence on both permeability and material strength. It is important to model the precise geometry in certain locations while the overall geometry can be simplified in order to maintain the practicality of model generation.


Glycated haemoglobin - HbA1c, or A1c as it is now being called - should be used to diagnose diabetes, according to a recent recommendation from an international expert committee appointed by the American Diabetes Association, the International Diabetes Federation and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. This review explores the basis for this recommendation, looking at why HbA1c would provide a more accurate measure for diagnosing diabetes than glucose tests and what the change would mean in clinical practice.


1. The State of Play 2. The Use of the Aramaic Term 'Son of Man' 3. No Son of Man Concept 4. Six Authentic Sayings 5. The Healing of the Paralytic (Mark 2.1-12) 6. Jackals Have Holes (Matt. 8.19-20//Luke 9.57-8) 7. The Son of Man in the Heavenly Court (Luke 12.8-9//Matt. 10.32-3 Mark 8.38) 8. Betrayed by a Kiss (Luke 22.48) 9. Jesus Predicts his Death and Resurrection 10. Other Synoptic Sayings 11. Translation and the Use of Scripture: From Sayings of Jesus to the Synoptic Evangelists 12. The Johannine Sayings 13. Conclusions Endnotes Bibliography.


The number of patients presenting to primary care requiring support with menopause symptoms is increasing and the number of available appointments in general practice is reducing. In attempt to improve access new ways of engaging with these patients may be beneficial. Group consultations could be a solution. Here I describe my experience of setting up group consultations in a GP practice.


Ethnomedicinal field survey was conducted in few places of Sonitpur district and near by areas of Lakhimpur district of Assam, where diverse ethnic groups are living since time immemorial. The ethnic groups have very rich tradition of herbal medicines used in the treatment of various ailments. Among the tribal communities, Mishings constitute the largest group along with Bodos. The ethnomedicinal information was collected on the basis of interview and field studies with local healers among those communities. The identification of medicinal plants collected with help of indigenous healers was done. Such medicines have been shown to have significant healing power, either in their natural state or as the source of new products processed by them. Generally these formulations of crude products are considered moderate in efficacy and thus less toxic than most pharmaceutical agents. Our study is mainly concentrated with plants used in relation to cure of diabetes. In our report detail note on the method of preparation of precise dose, the part/parts of plants used and method of application is given. Scientific name, vernacular names and family names of collected plants are also given in


The heat transfer enhancement by pulsatile flow in a triangular grooved channel has been experimentally investigated in this study. The experiment was performed in the ranges of the Reynolds number from 270 to 910, the pulsatile fraction from 0.125 to 0.75, and the Strouhal number from 0.084 to 0.665. It was measured that the heat transfer improves up to 350% compared with the steady flow case at Re=270, η=0.5, and St=0.335. The heat transfer enhancement was found to increase as the pulsatile fraction increases and the Reynolds number decreases. It was also found that the heat transfer enhancement is maximized at a specific pulsatile frequency satisfying the resonant condition. The nondimensional frequency, i.e., the Strouhal number at the resonant condition was found to increase as the Reynolds number decreases. The flow visualization revealed that the heat transfer enhancement results from the strong mixing caused by the repeating sequence of vortex formation, rotation and subsequent ejection from the grooves by the pulsatile flow.


In high power drives the switching frequency is limited by switching losses. In order to obtain minimum distortion at low switching frequency off-line optimized pulse patterns are used. The method of steepest gradient, used in the past, does not necessarily provide the best method. It has a tendency to be locked in the local minima. The method of simulated annealing applied along with the downhill simplex has the ability to modify the structure of the problem. In so doing it is able to avoid the local minima and reach a global minimum. This provides a simple effective means of pulse pattern optimization. Optimized pulse patterns are generated and the performance of this method is discussed.


In the near-field earthquake, forward directivity effects cause long-period pulse with a short effective time and a large domain in the velocity time history. This issue increases the ductility needs of structures, and in recent decades, the destructive effects of these kinds of records have been evaluated in comparison with far-field earthquakes. This brings about the necessity to compare a structure's behavior subjected to vertical components of near-field (NF) earthquakes, including forward directivity effects vs. the effects of vertical components of far-field (FF) earthquakes. The present study investigated 3-, 5-, 8-, and 20-story steel moment frames with special ductility (SMF) through which modeling effects of panel zone have been applied, subjected to vertical component of near-field (NF) earthquakes with forward directivity and the vertical component of far-field earthquakes. By investigating the results, it can be clearly seen that the average values of the maximum displacement, shear force of the stories, and the velocity of each story under the impact of the near-field earthquake are greater than the amount of that under the effect of a far-field earthquake. However, this comparison is not valid for the amount of acceleration, axial force, and moments in the columns of the structures accurately.


Three species of the Nemoura, N. jejudoensis Zwick & Baumann, 2011 and N. jilinensis Zhu & Yang, 2003, and N. tripotini Zwick, 2010 are reported in the South of the Russian Far East for the first time. The larvae of the three species are described and illustrated. The larvae were associated with adults by rearing or by preemergent male larva. The main diagnostic features of the larvae are based on the differences in the chaetotaxy the pronotum, legs, abdominal, and cercal segments.


- This paper presents a method for the control of a 2-DOF inverted pendulum mounted on an omni-directional mobile platform. The system dynamics model is first established, and then two controllers are designed considering the acceleration and motor torque as two different inputs. Simulation is then carried out to compare their performances. It can be found that the torque controller is better than the acceleration controller. Two sets of experiment are conducted to show that the system can reach a stable state within 200ms.


140 Background: Early detection and timely intervention demonstrate the greatest promise of reducing incidence of late-stage lymphedema (LE) in breast cancer patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). A nomogram was developed for predicting the risk of arm LE in this group. This study's aim was to test the preoperative prediction model for the early diagnosis of clinical and subclinical LE in ALND including patients prospectively monitored by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS).

METHODS
Patients with pre-existing clinical LE were selected from our existing database. In addition, data on subclinical LE was prospectively collected through our LE monitoring program. This program tracks patients from a baseline, using an L-Dex U400 measurement preoperatively or postoperatively (if no clinical LE), and at 3-6 month intervals. The 5 year probability of LE after ALND was calculated using The Cleveland Clinic Risk Calculator. The discrimination of the nomogram was assessed by calculating the area under (AUC) the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC); AUC values between 0.7-0.8 represent considerable discrimination.

RESULTS
A total of 334 patients who underwent ALND were included in this study; 116 patients with previously diagnosed clinical LE and 218 patients at-risk of LE (monitored with BIS since 2010). Since BIS monitoring began, a total of 58 patients were diagnosed with subclinical LE; a total of 174 patients with clinical or subclinical LE (LE group). The mean age was 60.6+11.4 years in LE group and 57.8+12.03 years in No-LE group (p=0.03). BMI was higher in LE group compared with no LE group (29.8 + 7.4 vs.28.3+6.3 kg/m2(p=0.05). The AUC value was calculated from the nomogram (AUC=0.609).

CONCLUSIONS
The recently created preoperative prediction model for the diagnosis of LE in ALND is not accurate in predicting who will develop clinical or subclinical LE. Periodic monitoring of women at high risk for LE, with modern technology, helps early detection and timely intervention for LE, which can minimize or eliminate more advanced LE among women undergoing ALND.


This study evaluated the safety of bioinsecticide derived from Stemona curtisii Hook. F. and Mammea siamensis Kosterm. on reproductive system of male rat. The rats were orally administered with bioinsecticide at the doses of 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight for 60 consecutive days in comparison with 2 mg/kg body weight of methomyl. It was found that rats treated with the bioinsecticide and methomyl showed a significant decrease in testis, seminal vesicle and prostate weights when compared to control rats (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, a decrease in epididymal sperm concentration and the histopathological alterations of the rat's testes were found only in rats treated with methomyl, but not with bioinsecticide.


ABSTRACT Digital technologies play an increasingly prominent role in the reproduction of society and space. Rather than being studied as a separate category of understanding, the ways in which such technologies intersect with and inflect upon the real world has provided a recent focus of research. Urban music is inherently spatial, but the ways in which digital technologies have enabled artists to resist injustice, to reproduce space and to reclaim the right to the city has not yet been considered. This article fills the lacuna by exploring how grime artists harness digital technologies to resist marginalization by the mainstream and create new expressions of power. Specifically, it shows how digital enablers have led to the democratization of music, which in turn has empowered grime artists to reclaim the right to represent the spaces of the inner city, and, in doing so, to challenge and subvert more wide-ranging structures of power and inequality. Accordingly, I argue that grime is more than music and is as much a channel of social activism as it is creative expression.


This paper studys the relationship between company categories and operational performance of listed tourism companies in China.The results showed that the performace difference among listed tourism companies is very obvious.The performance of listed tourism companies typed of scenic spot is significantly better than category of comprehensive and hotels listed companies,and the performance of hotel listed companies is inferior to the other two types.


Synopsis : At present, high strength ferritic steel is required as material for the superheater and reheater tubes of super critical and advanced power plant, instead of austenitic stainless steels. Based on the finding that the replacement of a part of Mo of 9 •` 12%Cr-Mo steels by W is very effective for increase in creep rupture strength, a 9Cr -0.5Mo1.8W -Nb -V steel whose 105 h creep rupture strength at 600•Ž reached 157 MPa was developed for boiler tube. This steel also possesses excellent weldability and notch toughness, and its allowable tensile stress at 600•Ž is 85 MPa, which is significantly greater than that of 9Cr-Mo steels and 18Cr-8Ni austenitic steels. The creep rupture strength of TIG weld joint is nearly the same as that of the mother tube. With MITI's approval, several tertiary superheater tubes of SUS321HTB of a power plant were replaced by the boiler tubes made of the new steel. The boiler has subsequently operated without any trouble for more than 13 000 h at a tube temperature of 600•Ž and a design stress of 85 MPa. These investigations demonstrate that 9Cr0.5Mo -1.8WNb -V steel can replace the 18-8 series austenitic steels and that it is suitable for headers and piping as well as tubes.


In this study, various classification of smart toy are investigated, and the characteristics of product examples are presented. Comparison of classification and product trends of smart toy are derived and discussed. 1. The smart toy classification is based on the type of appearance, function and fac...


This group design project for MEng students in the School of Engineering and Electronics is intended to introduce students to multidisciplinary planning and design. The project should develop creative thinking, team skills, and an improved understanding of other disciplines.


The desire to build a social state in Ukraine has led to new moves towards the social protection of people with disabilities, which implies the establishment of a holistic social security system, the adherence to international norms of law, which are followed by highly developed civilized countries. Changing moral stereotypes in our society has led to the awareness that it is society itself that needs to adapt to persons' with disabilities needs, and not vice versa. One of the fundamental tasks facing the national science in modern conditions is the methodological and instrumental support of the development and implementation of the strategy of persons' with disabilities social inclusion, which allows to take into account as much as possible peculiarities of their personality. These factors outline the problem of inclusion not only in social but also human dimension, related to the needs and interests of a particular individual, included in a particular social environment that ensures its social functioning and development. The main role in solving the problems of maximizing the use of persons' with disabilities potential is given to the state. It is it, that has to become the initiator and guide of the corresponding socio-economic policy. In order to attract people with disabilities to active work, it is necessary to create and implement a model of interaction between all institutions that implement policies for persons with disabilities. It is necessary to legislatively establish the norm, which provides for the reimbursement of employers' expenses employers for equipment, equipment of special workplaces for the employment of invalids at the expense of budget funds. It is necessary to ensure the persons' with disabilities inclusion in the overall flow of education, assistance in overcoming the geographical discomforts and economic differences. Independent life of a disabled person, like any citizen, is the right to be an integral part of society's life and to take an active part in socio-cultural processes, namely the right to freedom of choice and access to work and education, housing and public buildings, transport, means communication. Thus, today it is necessary to develop new conceptual approaches to the study of social conditions of persons' with disabilities self-actualization in the inclusive-integrative space of modern society, which is in the transformation stage, which would reveal the many-valued interaction of the object and subject, society and personality. JEL Classіfіcatіon: I39, I39, J 24.


This paper studies the optimal investment and reinsurance problem for a risk model with premium control. It is assumed that the insurance safety loading and the time-varying claim arrival rate are connected through a monotone decreasing function, and that the insurance and reinsurance safety loadings have a linear relationship. Applying stochastic control theory, we are able to derive the optimal strategy that maximizes the expected exponential utility of terminal wealth. We also provide a few numerical examples to illustrate the impact of the model parameters on the optimal strategy.


This paper deals with hardware and software methods, which improves wireless sensor network designed for acquiring human body biosignals. Due to defined parameters, accuracy better than 1ms is needed between samples time stamps, obtained by different wireless probes. Actually these methods are not allowed to affect data rate and performance of whole system. We used two different methods to reach this goal. The first method is based on absolute local time synchronization with respect to network topology and data flow, where ±20μs of absolute time synchronization was achieved. The second is automated software calibration of precision crystal oscillator with 10ppm accuracy, which was improved up to 0.0025ppm, what provides maximum clock error of 40 μs per 20 minutes. In this paper we introduce sensor network, describe developed synchronization methods and present partial experimental results.


The prediction and the systematic suppression of self-sustained combustion instabilities of aero-engine combustors still suffer from incomplete physical understanding of the feedback mechanisms and lack of experimental data of the dynamic flame characteristics of the Lean Prevaporized Premixed swirl flames. Hence, the experimental determination of the flame transfer functions of "real" LPP swirl flames was achieved using a prevaporization unit to generate a time- independent and spatial homogeneous mixture of the kerosene Jet A-1 vapour and the combustion air at the burner exit. The determined LPP flame dynamics are strongly affected by the formation and in-phase reaction of coherent vortex structures, well known as drivers of combustion instabilities, that have been visualized with an phase-correlated imaging technique. The results discussed in this paper will lead to a basic understanding of the frequency-dependent dynamics of kerosene-LPP flames on periodic disturbances and especially, of the influence of the preheating temperature on the amplitude responses and phase angle functions. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES A main objective of combustion research in the field of aero-engine applications is "Low NOx technology". All major manufacturers of aircraft engines currently follow combustor technologies, that aim to reduce the NOx emissions. The most promising technology to realise these emission reductions turned out to be Lean (partially Prevaporized) Premixed Combustion (1), commonly realised by airblast atomiser nozzles with two concentric swirl generators. But with the implementation of these LPP flames to aero-engine combustors, serious problems concerning combustion-driven instabilities occurred, often limiting the applicability of the new technologies. Especially, the highly turbulent swirling flames, typical for aero-engine applications, with their advantages concerning ignition stability and hence, wide operating ranges are often prone to self-sustained combustion instabilities. This increased tendency to the formation of self-sustained combustion instabilities is primarily caused by the high volumetric reaction densities of LPP swirl flames and consequently, reduced delay times and "faster" responses of the flame to disturbances of the mixture mass flow. The self-excited, fully-developed large scale amplitude oscillations of the static pressure in the combustor, compressor and turbine unit can cause severe mechanical damages and flashback of the flame into the premixing system. Though, the prediction and prevention of unacceptable combustion instabilities is a pre-requisite for the airworthiness of low emission combustors prior to their use in aero-engines. Today, the problem of self-excited periodic combustion instabilities can not be solved by state-of-the- art rules and often leads to time-consuming and cost- intensive full-scale testing in late combustor tests. Hence, of particular interest is the quantitative description and prediction of periodically-unsteady flame dynamics. Therefore, one of the greatest needs is well validated measurements of the dynamic characteristics of the LPP flame (flame transfer functions), available quantitatively in dependence on the frequency and amplitude of oscillation, the individual geometries and all relevant operation parameters of the combustion process. These flame transfer functions of technical, high-turbulent swirl flames are rarely existing for premixed natural gas flames (2,3) but can not be taken from literature today for kerosene-LPP flames. Because of this lack of experimental data phase-correlated OH-imaging and measurements of flame transfer functions of turbulent LPP swirl flames with prevaporized, premixed kerosene Jet A-1 have been carried out. In contrast to the often fixed and non-changeable geometries of commercial nozzles, with the developed modular swirl burner systematic investigations for example of the impact of different swirl intensities or different preheating temperatures of the kerosene vapour/air mixture on the dynamic flame characteristics were carried out to derive basic understanding for the interpretation of future results of industrial LPP burners.


– Natural fibres extracted from plant bast and other parts are talented resources to the engineering polymers. Especially plant fibres extracted from amazon base are precious with cellulosic resulting stronger to bear mechanical loading. However vegetable fibres are naturally coated with wax and other deposits to protect from environmental attacks and swelling. Hence vegetable fibres need pre-processing before being impregnated into the polymer system. Mercerization is one of the well-known surface treatment method to activate vegetable fibre surface to create stronger bonding with the polymer matrix. Natural fibre was treated with silane solutions of different concentrations. This silanation process influences surface morphology and mechanical properties of natural fibre. This work is part of a research about the development of hybrid composites with Curaua fibers.


This paper focuses on a balanced, integrated and blended effort at every level of government administration and community structure to empower and strengthen the nation's sports industry. In accordance with the endemic era, it was then used as an element of appreciation for the unity of Malaysia's plural society. This paper attempts to address the following topics: (i) the potential income of youth through the sports industry; (ii) The status and future prospects of the country's sports industry; (iii) The Ministry of Youth and National Sports Key Performance Index target and unemployment among the youth; (iv) Challenges and empowerment on the implementation of the term youth age limit; and (v) The spirit of Malaysian Family Sports. The primary objective of the discussion is to identify the debate regarding the government's role and efforts to align national sports with national development. In reality, the method utilised by the Ministry of Youth and National Sports is competitive with foreign sports industries. This paper uses secondary sources, such as research results published in journals, scholarly writing, online news sources, and public forums, to employ a qualitative methodology. According to the findings of the study, the progressive development of the country's sports industry can generate numerous benefits for individuals, communities, and the country, thereby boosting the country's total income and economy. Therefore, drastic measures must be taken so that the development of the sports industry is in line with the development of the nation and is not solely dependent on the Ministry of Youth and National Sports.


This study was supported by the Bureau of Land Management through
interagency agreement with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
under which a multi-year program responding to need of petroleum development
of the Alaskan continental shelf is managed by the Outer Continental Shelf
Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP) Office. Drawings were done by
Debbie Cocci a and Jim Burton. The idea of this project arose during a
conversation between George Edwardson, Jr., and one of the Principal Investigators.
Rachael Craig and Edna MacLean helped in initiating the project and Mrs. Molly
Pederson of the North Slope Borough Inupiaq Language Commission obtained
some of the narratives and interviews and provided translations. Teri
McClung assisted with transcription of interviews and editing. Finally,
the hospitality of the family of Kenneth Toovak during the translation
process is gratefully acknowledged.


During the period of the new deal in the late Qing dynasty,the forestation of Zhili province were thought highly by the officials and common people.Many government officials and the agriculture organs(the agriculture bureaus,associations,proving grounds)did their best to advocate planting trees,and the social members took part in it extensively,so great impetus and achievements were made.


The oxidation of hydrazobenzene by oxygen in methanol solution is catalysed by Co(3MeOsalen) which is a synthetic oxygen carrier. The products are trans-azobenzene and water. The rate of the reaction has been studied spectrophotometrically and the rate law established. A mechanism involving a ternary complex of catalyst, hydrazobenzene and oxygen has been proposed.


As of today, the majority of industrial enterprises does not consider planning as a tool of optimisation of expenditures of the main type of activity, and this is very wrong. Since namely planning gives enterprise's management a possibility to deal with the search for the most effective directions of activity, selection of more stable customers and suppliers and search for directions of minimisation of expenditures of the main type of activity, since further functioning and development of enterprises depend on this basic criteria. The article develops methods of planning expenditures of the main type of activity, which includes: building up general indicators of risks in short-term and long-term activity, which allows identification of basic risks of short-term and long-term activity and calculation of their specific weight in general risks of an enterprise; identification of risk values by means of a combination of verbal risk values and its quantitative characteristics, gives a possibility to justify general risks in short-term and long-term activity; combination of risks of short-term and long-term activity by means of the use of a matrix approach, which allows building up a management matrix with consideration of risk from the point of view of operative, tactical and strategic planning. Thus, the built matrix allows identification of the method of planning at enterprises under conditions of a combination of risks of short-term and long-term activity for effective planning of an enterprise expenditures.


A tube bundle reactor for carrying out catalytic gas phase reactions, particularly methanation reactions, has abundle of catalyst-filled reaction tubes through which reaction gas flows and around which heat carrier flows during operation. In the region of the catalyst filling, the reaction tubes run through at least two heat carrier Zones which are separated from one another, the first of which heat carrier Zones extends over the starting region of the catalyst filling. The reaction tubes each have a first reaction tube portion with a first hydraulic diameter of the catalyst filling and, downstream thereof in flow direction of the reaction gas, at least a second reaction tube portion with a second hydraulic diameter of the catalyst filling that is greater than the first hydraulic diameter of the catalyst filling.


A physically active man began, at the age of 69 years, to have a series of episodes of severe chest pain. At the age of 71 years an attack of intense and persistent substernal pain, unaffected by medication, caused him to enter a hospital. On the third day the return of pain was accompanied by a decline in blood pressure until neither blood pressure nor radial pulse could be obtained and dyspnea and anuria supervened. At autopsy, eight days after the onset of pain, and three and one-half days after the decline had led to the diagnosis of septal perforation, an irregularly shaped opening, measuring 1.5 cm. in diameter, was found in the interventricular septum, permitting communication between the right and left ventricles.


Cu-doped ZnO films were prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The structure and morphology of films were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while optical properties by photo-luminescence (PL) spectra. XRD and SEM results indicate that ZnO films doped with moderate Cu dopant 5.0 at. % can obtain wurtzite structure with nanorods aligned perpendicularly to the substrate surface. 406 nm and 440 nm peaks due to free exciton recombination and structural defects such as Zn interstitials of films.


not be easily available in (non-German) libraries, a more detailed introduction would have added greatly to the appeal of the inventory. According to the editor, the catalogue itself follows the Neue Konzepte guidelines developed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, putting a premium on the nationwide provision of quick reference tools in printed as well as digital form. Each entry provides a photograph of the source, characterizes the type of book (e.g. 'Antiphonar', 'Andachtsbuch'), and catalogues the following features: the form of the source (book or fragment), its material, the number of folios, measurements, number of columns, type and colour of notation (in some casesçnot allçalso type of textural script), decoration, liturgical usage (if applicable) and comments. Then follows the aforementioned list of incipits of the musical items with rubrics (only for liturgical manuscripts) and short references to recent secondary literature listed in the bibliography. As with the introduction, the appeal of the catalogue itself is diminished by the need to keep it short: the photographs are frequently too small to allow a closer examination or even just a reading of the source. A short paragraph on each sourceçor even only more extended 'Anmerkungen'çwould have increased the reader's appetite to engage with this fascinating repertory, particularly for the newly discovered and less well-known sources. Access to the database on which the inventory is based might remedy some of these shortcomings, particularly if it allowed the user to browse the manuscripts on the screen. However, online publication of the data does not seem likely at the moment due to funding constraints. An index of the sources, the incipits, and a thorough bibliography help the user to navigate the manuscripts and the repertory. A second catalogue is concerned with musical iconography in the Lu« neburg nunneries' sources. Photographs are again provided for each page where an instrumentalist is depicted; singers were not included except for a bird with a speech bubble singing 'alleluia'. Surprisingly, the Guidonian Hand from Ebstorf Hs. V3, which shows a nun playing a portative in its margin and another sister teaching a pupil how to sing, has been left out, perhaps because the image is readily available elsewhere (e.g. in the exhibition catalogue Krone und Schleier (Munich, 2005), 476, and Linda Maria Koldau, Frauen ^ Musik ^ Kultur (Cologne, 2005), plates 2 and 3). The images are beset by the same problems as those in the main catalogue; often they are too small, and the details are hardly enlarged at all. The comments only identify the playersçKing David, angels, nuns, or fabulous beastsçtheir instruments and the use of gold or silver. The introductory pages by the performer Ulrike Volkhardt are not unproblematic: she briefly enumerates the various types of instruments and prefaces this with the thinly supported assertion that the various instrumental consorts reflect 'real' musical practices in the nunneries. Since Volkhardt's ensemble devotio moderna also recorded the six CDs that form part of the research project, she might at least have offered some reflections on how the iconographic evidence influenced her own practices as a performer. In conclusion, this inventory of the musical sources from the Lu« neburg nunneries is a welcome addition to our knowledge of the spiritual and cultural life of these institutions, and it will be of equal interest to scholars of chant and vernacular song, of monastic history, of liturgy, and of devotional practices. Nevertheless, the catalogue could have been made more attractive and rewarding with the provision of a more comprehensive introduction, longer comments on each collection and individual source, and last but not least a more generous format for the photographs. As it is, some of the expertise that Ulrike Hascher-Burger brought to this worthwhile project is lost in its printed form, and it is to be hoped that speedy publication of the database will support the book in generating wider scholarly interest in this fascinating repertory. BARBARA EICHNER Oxford Brookes University


Abstract One of the major parts in the plasma display panel is its protecting layer. MgO thin film has been widely used as a protective layer for dielectric materials. Adding another material to the MgO base material is an alternative method for improving its property as protective layer. A study on reducing the surface discharge potential of a single pure MgO protecting layer by the addition of ZrO2 with several compositions is presented in this paper. The microstructural and mechanical properties are also described. The discharge properties were measured utilising the flashover treeing for material characterisation, produced by a scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties were measured using the pure bending moment. The MgO and ZrO2 powders with 99·95 and 99% purity were used for powder mixtures of various desired compositions. In this work, investigation was carried out for sintered samples at 1250°C for 24 h. From observation, ZrO2 addition into high purity MgO has influenced the properties of MgO. Since secondary electron emission coefficient contributes in increasing the electrical field of the surface, it could be found that 5 wt-%ZrO2 added MgO has the highest secondary electron emission coefficient because the charging and discharging process happened within a shorter time.


We read with great interest a recent paper by Mackie et al .1 The authors found that an extracapsular pattern of inflammatory involvement on whole-body, multiple-joint MRI was associated with complete glucocorticoid response, higher pretreatment C-reactive protein and serum interleukin-6.

We commend the authors for studying such a challenging disease with advanced imaging and linking it to treatment response. However, we have several concerns. First, it is unclear what criteria were used to distinguish an MRI of 'extracapsular pattern' from that of 'non-extracapsular pattern'. Since at least eight large joints were evaluated bilaterally, are there patients with an extracapsular pattern in certain joints but not in others? …


Since early 1968, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System has been involved in surface and subsurface investigations for a pipeline originating at Prudhoe Bay and terminating at Valdez, Alaska. This route, which is slightly less than 800 mi long, crosses numerous geologic provinces, each with its own set of engineering and geologic problems. Since work was begun, field studies have increased in scope and have advanced from preliminary route studies to more detailed surface and subsurface work. Presently, 12 drilling units are operating in the field and over 800 borings have been accomplished south of the Yukon River. Over 300 pipeline route borings have been put down north of the Yukon River and approximately 800 additional borings are planned. Drilling equipment being used is capable of being moved in rough terrain and of obtaining undisturbed frozen cores of different sizes to depths of 50 ft or more. Many problems have been and are still being studied to further insure integrity and optimum security of the proposed pipeline. Some of the soil related problems receiving attention are (1) extent and character of permafrost; (2) solifluction; (3) landslides and avalanches; (4) stream and river scour; (5) erosion potential; (6) soil types and physical properties; and (7) seismicity. Many techniques other than drilling have been, and are being, used or studied. Included are both infrared color and black and white aerial photography and other remote sensing techniques including thermal scanning and sidelooking radar. These techniques have been used to compile geologic maps of the entire route. In addition, seismic and acoustical sounding equipment is being evaluated. As rapidly as information becomes available, it is utilized to finalize design parameters and determine construction requirements and controls. Because of the highly variable and complex soil and related conditions along the route, evaluation of all geologic and engineering data is a time consuming but extremely necessary process. It is anticipated that careful studies and the design now in progress will continue throughout the preconstruction and construction phases of the project. These studies, together with continued review of all data, will combine to insure a safe, pipeline system. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2496------------


At the American Society for Photobiology Fourth Annual Meeting four papers were presented in a symposium planned to bring attention to current photochemical investigations in areas of photobiology. Each presentation exemplified a manner in which basic photochemical studies have contributed to the understanding of photobiologic phenomena. The session began with a discussion of the application of picosecond flash photolysis to studies of the photochemical processes of dyes, biological pigments and photosynthetic systems by Professor Maurice W. Windsor of Washington State University. Using a mode-locked Nd3 +-glass laser, optical pulses of 530, 694 and 1060 nm light with durations of 4-5 ps were obtained and used to excite samples. Absorption spectra in the 400-950 nm range were determined for transient species formed by the flash. Kinetic analysis of transient decay and repopulation of the ground state were performed by determining the absorption for each transient species at individual wavelengths as a function of time. The singlet and triplet states of octaethyl porphyrin. SnCI, were studied using this technique. The singlet state (ts = SO0 ps) was determined to decay via fluorescence (Gf = 0.01), internal conversion (@i, = 0.19) and intersystem crossing (GiJr = 0.80). The ability to observe the bleaching of the singlet state absorption permitted determination of cPisc without knowledge of the excited state extinction coefficients. The ability to operate in the picosecond and nanosecond time scale permitted characterization of the transients formed under physiological conditions after flash photolysis of the photochemical reaction centers of Rhu~o.spseudomonffs phurruidcJs. One transient species observed (7 = 246 f 16 ps) was established to be identical with the species previously spectroscopically characterized in reaction centers which were prevented from completing photooxidation because of chemical reduction of the electron acceptor. This transient, PF, decayed to produce the known spectrum of the radical cation of the bacteriochlorophyll complex. Analysis of the transient absorption spectrum suggested that PF represented the structure (BChl-BCh1)-BPh which results from electron transfer from a dimeric P870 bacteriochlorophylf complex to a neighboring bacteriopheophytin. Mechanistic studies of the Rose Bengal photosensitized oxygenation of methionine were presented by Professor Christopher S. Foote and coauthored by K. Spivak and T. Y. Ching of University of California, Los Angeles. Initiation of this research was prompted by a report that sensitizcd oxidation of methionine deviated from the pathway previously established for alkyl sulfides. The investigation centered on the variation with pH of O2 stoichiomctry and methionine sulfoxide production and the rcported formation of a product identified as dehydromcthionine. Photooxygenation at pH < 6 proceeded as expected for an alkyl sulfide with 2 : l methionine:02 stoichiometry and methionine sutfoxide as the sole product. At intermediate p H s (6-10) hydrogen peroxide was produced with methionine sulfoxide. An intermediate cyclic structure, dehydromethionine, I , was isolated, structurally characterized and hydrolyzed with base to methionine sulfoxide. Dehydromethionine appeared to arise via intramolecular attack of the amino group upon the initially formed "persulfoxide" intermediate. Hydrogen peroxide and methionine sulfoxide but not dehydromethionine were produced above pH 9. A direct reaction between the persulfoxide and hydroxide ion was proposed. A coherent picture of these reactions (shown below)


The motion of the Cartesian diver is studied, both theoretically and experimentally, and interpreted as an example of a fold catastrophe, where the control parameter is the external pressure.


Contents: Overview of agricultural sector in Tajikistan - Background on economic valuation methods - Overview of non-monetary environmental valuation techniques.


Work with structured abstracts—which contain sub-headings in a standard order—has suggested that such abstracts contain more information, are of a higher quality, and are easier to search and to read than are traditional abstracts. The aim of this article is to suggest that this work with structured abstracts can be extended to cover scientific articles as a whole. The article outlines a set of sub-headings—drawn from research on academic writing—that can be used to make the presentation of scientific papers easier to read and to write. Twenty published research papers are then analyzed in terms of these sub-headings. The analysis, with some reservations, supports the viability of this approach.


Correction for 'Cryptand-imidazolium supported total synthesis of the lasso peptide BI-32169 and its d-enantiomer' by Ming Chen et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 3323-3326, DOI: 10.1039/C8CC10301A.


1627 Commentary—Braun and Gooneratne In the current issue of SLEEP, Martin and colleagues5 have expanded our understanding of post-acute rehabilitation care by reporting on the relationship between sleep quality and mortality. Notably, they found that poor sleep quality was independently related to a higher risk of mortality, even after controlling for other well-established risk factors, such as gender differences and comorbidity.5 Why do patients sleep so poorly in a post-acute rehabilitation setting? While a detailed review is beyond the scope of this commentary, several important points are worth highlighting. First, many of these patients may have an underlying sleep disorder. It is worth noting that the prevalence of sleeprelated breathing disorders is 20% to 25% in older adults, nearly two to four times the prevalence in younger populations.6 Furthermore, patients requiring post-acute rehabilitation may have comorbid conditions such as congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or diabetes, which are all associated with an even higher prevalence of sleep-related breathing disorders. Second, environmental factors, such as unfamiliar surroundings, excess noise or light, may also contribute to reduced sleep quality in the elderly. In this context, we most commonly think of nighttime interruptions (e.g., getting up to use the bathroom), and noise from other patients.7 However, health care personnel may often be at fault: Schnelle and colleagues noted that some of the most common causes of sleep disturbance in nursing home environments are loud noises from call bells, telephones, intercoms, and cleaning carts that are used during the night.8 How could poor sleep quality in the elderly undergoing post-acute rehabilitation relate to a higher risk of mortality, as observed by Martin and colleagues?5 There are several potential mechanisms through which disturbed sleep could increase mortality in the elderly. Reduced sleep quantity and quality has the potential to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke,9 fall-related injuries,10 and depression and other mood disorders.11 Underlying sleep disorders, such as sleep-related breathing disorder with daytime sleepiness symptoms, may also increase mortality risk.12 Interestingly, several studies have noted an attenuation of the association between sleeprelated breathing disorders and mortality in older adults when including comorbid illnesses,13,14 or no evidence of increased mortality in older adults.15 One potential reason for this is the concept of competing risks: multiple diseases or disorders make it difficult to identify the independent effect of any one specific risk factor for mortality.16 Therefore, for older adults who have multiple competing risks for death, a single risk facAt the beginning of the 20th century, the average life expectancy was 47.3 years.1 One hundred years later, in 2000, it had increased to 77.5 years.1 This "plasticity of longevity" may continue into the foreseeable future: James Vaupel, Director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, has suggested that life expectancy will exceed 100 years for children born after 2000 in the U.S.2 In addition to these demographic shifts, there have been significant declines in hospital length of stay, leading to higher rates of functional impairment at discharge. Thus, with increasing frequency, older adult patients will continue to have needs after a hospital admission that will necessitate post-acute rehabilitation, such as physical/occupational therapy or skilled nursing treatment (e.g., dressing changes or intravenous medication administration). Post-acute rehabilitation care can be provided in many venues. These include skilled nursing facilities (SNF), home health care services (HHS), long-term care hospitals, and in-patient rehabilitation facilities (IRF).3 In 2010, SNFs represented the largest component of post-acute rehabilitation expenses, with 1.6 million Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries using SNF services, the majority of which were for post-acute rehabilitation.3 IRFs were used by 360,000 Medicare beneficiaries.3 The length of stay for post-acute rehabilitation can range from an average of 13 days (IRF) up to 27 days (SNF), at which time patients may be discharged to home or converted to a long-term care status in the nursing facility. Despite the fact that nearly two million older adults require facility-based post-acute rehabilitation care per year, relatively little work has been done to examine sleep in this environment. Since these patients are being cared for after an acute medical illness, they represent a fundamentally different patient population than that which is usually included in sleep research on institutionalized patients. In particular, they may have a large number of medical comorbidities—a factor associated with a greater risk of mortality4—yet retain a significant potential for recovery and return to a meaningful level of independence. COMMENTARY


This paper aims to present situation of traditional Chinese medicine therapy and nursing of hemodialysis patients, to review relevant literature on hemodialysis and to analyze and understand the hemodialysis patients with traditional Chinese medicine therapy and nursing. It is put forward that the future research should focus on specification of hemodialysis lateral comparative evaluation development, etc., in order to standardize and form evidence-based prevention intervention in hemodialysis patients with complications, better improve the quality of survival in hemodialysis patients.


This paper describes the development of, and the methodology for, a new, consolidated Brigham Young University (BYU)/National Ice Center (NIC) Antarctic iceberg tracking database. The new database combines daily positional data from the original BYU daily iceberg tracking database derived from scatterometers, and the NIC's weekly Antarctic iceberg tracking database derived mostly from optical and infrared sensors. Interpolation methods and statistical analyses of iceberg locations are discussed. A new, automated method of using positional data and scatterometer backscatter images to estimate sizes and rotational patterns of icebergs is also developed. This information is included in the new database.


This paper discusses the rela- tionship between fundamental rights as a set of guarantees, duties and standards ex- pected and attributable to give substance to a particular form of cohabitation-recog- nized in the constitutions, and discursive inflation rhetoric about "human rights "in the current structure of modern society.


A low cost Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) training platform has been designed, built, and used in an introductory undergraduate PLC class. Instead of providing pre-wired equipment, the trainers supply industry standard components. Students are taught to interpret industrial wiring diagrams and connect hardware in the first week of a semester long course. Throughout the semester the students are constantly modifying the wiring. The result are students that are better prepared for industrial design and build of PLC controlled manufacturing equipment. The paper outlines the design and construction of these low cost trainers. The trainers are presented as independent of PLC vendors and may be constructed for less than $700 per station without the PLC. A low cost PLC may be purchased for a hundred dollars or more to create a fully capable trainer. An example of lecture materials and student work are presented.


Poly [trioctyl (4-vinylbenzyl) phosphoniumchloride] (P-8CMS) is an amorphous polycation which has a superior antibacterial activity. However P-8CMS easily absorbs moisture due to the cationic character, resulting in the reduction of Tg to temperatures lower than room temperature. Because of this reduction of Tg, P-8CMS shows poor mechanical properties at room temperature. To solve this problem, fibers of P-8CMS/high density polyethylene (HDPE) blends were prepared. Morphology of the blend fibers was strongly related to the viscosity ratio of HDPE to P-8CMS, compatibility between HDPE and P-8CMS, and the spinning condition. When HDPE has a melt viscosity higher than that of P-8CMS, P-8CMS component covers the surface of the fiber, while P-8CMS is dispersed in HDPE matrix when HDPE has a lower viscosity. P-8CMS tended to disperse finely in Maleic anhydride-grafted-HDPE. These morphologies reflected the antibacterial activity of the blend fibers.


Ethical reflection is considered to be an important competency for engineering ethics education. However it has no clear definition, which makes it difficult to effectively incorporate it into engineering ethics education. This paper proposes an operationalisation of ethical reflection into four learning goals which can help educators explicitly and systematically assess ethical reflection when using case-based exercises in the engineering ethics classroom. The four components were adapted from established educational approaches for critical thinking and then expanded to apply to normative propositions, the specific domain of ethical reflection.


According to Korea Federation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)' report, SMEs account for 99% and number of SMEs workers account for 87% in Korea . Thus, SMEs has an important role in the future Korean industry. This paper considers the improvement methods of SMEs' quality competitiveness. For this study, we developed the quality measurement model for identifying SMEs' quality level and investigated many companies by survey and interviews. We also performed the benchmarking study and the gap analysis between Korea and other countries. This paper suggests some policies for increasing the quality of SMEs.


"Professionalism was basically a ton of petty shit, nothing ever to do with standing up for children in the face of harmful rules, curriculum, other teachers, administrators, etc. It was basically how to comply." As the student quoted here makes clear, a "professional" teacher must learn to comply, even when doing so does harm to children. This article serves to disrupt the narrow and striated notions of professionalism promoted in many teacher education programs—notions that beg clarity on what is really believed about teaching, children, and what really matters. In school(ed) places, accepting—even welcoming—constraints and blinders that serve to sustain the broader injustices, inequities, and ignorance that infect society is common practice and is often shrouded in the cloak of professionalism. In examining the consequences of compliance disguised as professionalism, it becomes clear that what is necessary to reimagine school places is a nomadic and radical non-compliance. Radicalizing a teacher's professional life requires deep inquiry, skepticism, integrity, and a nomad's willingness to challenge and disrupt. Included in this article are examples of critique in the context of reimagining school spaces as spaces of joy, generosity, and justice; of creative maladjustments in the face of mundane mandates; and of the ways in which teachers can radically and nomadically non-comply in order smooth the striations of school(ed) spaces.


The agents used in the intrusion detection architectures have multiple characteristics namely delegation, cooperation and communication. However, an important property of agents: learning is not used. The concept of learning in existing IDSs used in general to learn the normal behavior of the system to secure. For this, normal profiles are built in a dedicated training phase, these profiles are then compared with the current activity. Thus, the IDS does not have the ability to detect new attacks., In this paper, we propose a new architecture for intrusion detection based in MAS adding a learning feature abnormal behaviors that correspond to new attack patterns. To learn a new attack, the architecture must detect at first and then update the base of attack patterns. For the detection step, the approach adopted is based on the technique of Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). The proposed architecture is based on a hierarchical and distributed strategy where features are structured and separated into layers., We focus after on the modeling of our Multi agent systems Architecture, for reasons of simplicity, we use the methodology O-MaSE.


The atmospheric temperature profiles (ATPs) retrieved through the geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) onboard the FY-4A satellite (GIIRS/FY-4A) can effectively fill the gap of the scarce conventional sounding data in the Taklimakan Desert (TD), the second largest desert in the world, with an area of 330,000 square kilometers. In this study, we take the experimental radiosonde observations (RAOB) from one RAOB station in the hinterland of TD and seven conventional radiosondes in the oasis region around the desert as the true values and analyze the bias distribution characteristics of GIIRS/FY-4A ATPs with quality control (QC) flags 0 or 1 for this region. In addition, a bias comparison is made with GIIRS/FY-4A ATPs, and the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5) ATPs. The results show that (1) Missing measurements in GIIRS/FY-4A ATPs are the most frequent in the near-surface layer, accounting for more than 80% of all the retrieved grid points. The averaged total proportion of GIIRS/FY-4A ATPs with QC marks 0 or 1 is about 33.06%. (2) The root mean square error (RMSE) of GIIRS/FY-4A ATPs is less than 3 K, smaller than that of ERA5 ATPs. The RMSE of ERA5 ATPs can exceed 10 K in the desert hinterland. The absolute mean biases of GIIRS/FY-4A ATPs and ERA5 ATPs are, respectively, smaller than 3 K and 2 K, the former being slightly larger. The correlation coefficients of GIIRS/FY-4A ATPs with ERA5 ATPs and RAOB ATPs are higher than 0.98 and 0.99, respectively, and the correlation between GIIRS/FY-4A ATPs and RAOB ATPs is inferior to the latter. (3) The overall atmospheric temperature retrieved by GIIRS/FY-4A is 0.08 K higher than the temperature of RAOB, on average, while the overall temperature from ERA5 is 0.13 K lower than that of RAOB, indicating that the temperature profile obtained by integrating GIIRS/FY-4A ATPs and ERA5 ATPs may be much closer to RAOB ATPs. (4) The probability density of the GIIRS/FY-4A ATP biases in the TD region generally follows the Gaussian distribution so that it can be effectively assimilated in the 3-D variational assimilation modules. The probability density distribution characteristics of the GIIRS/FY-4A ATP biases in the desert hinterland and oasis are not much different. However, due to the fusion analysis of the relatively rich multi-source conventional observation data from the oasis stations, the probability density of ERA5 ATPs biases at the oasis stations is nearer to Gaussian distribution than that of the GIIRS/FY-4A ATPs. In the desert hinterland, where conventional observation is not enough, the probability density distributions of the ATPs biases from ERA5 and GIIRS/FY-4A are alike. Therefore, the GIIRS FY4A can contribute to a more accurate estimation of ERA5 ATPs in the TD region.


Abstract : The skin friction of a body of revolution was determined from (1) embedded wire gage data and (2) the difference between balance-measured total drag and the integrated pressure force. Additional data were obtained from model mounted Preston tubes and boundary-layer rakes. The model was fixed at 0-deg angle of attack at Mach numbers from 0.6 to 1.5 and unit Reynolds numbers from 1.5 million/ft to 5.0 million/ft.


Several additions to the pseudospectral Hartree–Fock theory are described, including a localized least‐squares procedure, various numerical cutoff algorithms, and calculation of all integrals in the diatomic frame. This pseudospectral method is tested on 23 molecules, ranging in size from two to twenty atoms (200 6‐31G** basis functions). A direct comparison of accuracy and computational efficiency is made with the conventional electronic structure programs gamess, gradscf, gaussian 86, and gaussian 88. The pseudospectral code is shown to be up to nine times faster than any of the above programs for the molecules tested here; moreover, this timing advantage increases with molecular size, suggesting that ab initio calculations may soon be possible on large systems not accessible by the Roothaan–Hall procedure.


This article presents the findings of a qualitative case study which stems from a teacher action-research project that analyzes the persuasive academic writing practices of an adolescent, beginning-level English language learner (ELL) and the teaching practices of a veteran English as second language teacher (the author).  The author, who is also the teacher and researcher, details the implementation of a Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL)-based pedagogy designed to support ELLs in increasing their control of the linguistic resources necessary to write persuasive texts in school contexts. The SFL analysis of written persuasive arguments composed by the focal student before and after the implementation of the SFL-based pedagogy indicates the student's increased control of both discourse structure and register. This purpose of the study is twofold: to present a detailed exploration of SFL pedagogy in practice and to demonstrate how teachers can use SFL to understand the developing writing practices of their emergent bilingual students.


Summary form only given. The recent discovery that the modes of hard-aperture unstable cavity lasers have fractal character and the subsequent extension of the work into two transverse dimensions highlight the need for the accurate calculation of unstable resonator modes. Although we have developed techniques for computing higher order modes in one transverse dimension, our 2D work has so far been based on the Fox-Li method, which only yields the modes with the lowest loss. Nevertheless, this limited set of modal patterns has exhibited such complexity and beauty that we have christened the device the "kaleidoscope laser." We present a new approach that enables the 2D higher-order modes of the kaleidoscope laser to be generated. We generalize W.H. Southwell's (1986) "Virtual Source" (VS) method from one to two transverse dimensions. In the VS method, mode patterns are built up from the successive diffraction of a plane wave through a sequence of apertures representing the unfolded cavity. Each aperture creates diffracted edge waves, and the family of eigenmodes is formed from different weighted sums of the edge waves, together with a plane-wave component. Although many recent experiments have used unstable cavities with relatively low Fresnel numbers, it is normally assumed in the VS method that the Fresnel number is large. We have found that the method gives surprisingly good predictions for Fresnel numbers as low as unity. We have also developed a generalization of the VS method to handle apertures of arbitrary shape. Results are presented for a variety of transverse geometries in a graphical format that provides a physical picture of the underlying mathematics and that justifies the assumptions that have been invoked.


The gamma aminobutyric acidA/benzodiazepine (GABAA/BZ) receptor is a multisubunit (α, β, γ, δ, and ρ) ligand‐gated chloride channel; there are several variants of the α, β, and γ subunits, each of which has been localized throughout the central nervous system. A large number of GABAA/BZ subunit variants are expressed within the cerebellar cortex. In previous studies from other laboratories, α6 subunit mRNA has been reported to be present exclusively in cerebellar granule cells. The developmental expression of α6 mRNA in cerebellar and cochlear granule cells is of interest because it has been suggested that each of these cell types is derived from a common precursor pool. The polymerase chain reaction was used to generate a cDNA fragment encoding a portion of the M3–M4 intracellular loop of the α6 subunit of the GABAA/BZ receptor. A [35S] riboprobe, transcribed from this cDNA fragment, was used to examine the expression of the α6 subunit mRNA by in situ hybridization in developing normal mice and in adult mutant mice with known deficits in synaptic circuitry. A strong hybridization signal was observed over the granule cell layers of both the cerebellum and cochlear nuclei in adult mice. The signal over the cochlear nuclei appeared after birth toward the end of postnatal week 1, coinciding with the appearance of labeling in the cerebellar cortex. The intensity of the hybridization signal in both regions increased rapidly until postnatal day 14, after which it increased more gradually, reaching adult levels during postnatal week 3. In the weaver mutant, α6 labeling was detected in surviving granule cells, but not in cerebellar regions devoid of granule cells. Significant levels of the α6 hybridization signal were also present in cerebellar granule cells of Purkinje cell degeneration, lurcher, and staggerer mutants, suggesting that aberrations in synaptic circuitry do not prevent α6 subunit gene expression.


This issue of the international Journal of Artificial Organs presents two contribution that we believe of high interest for clinicians who are interested in the drug management of uremic patients, Dr. Ash is the Author of an Editorial which focuses the basic principles of drug dosage and, due to the high interest of this topic, a nomogram is also published in this Section in spite of our Editorial Rules. At the end of this issue, a panoramic review on Drug and Dialysis, written by la Greca and his group is also included as appendix. We hope that this issue of the Blue Journal will contribute to make the use of drugs among clinical nephrologists easier and more comprehensible.


Abstract : The amount and size of simulated dry fallout particles retained by various Quartermaster Corps clothing and packaging materials were determined after application of field decontamination procedures. An attempt was made to correlate qualitatively the amount retained with surface properties of the materials.


With the introduction of plasma and LCD screens for computers and TV, the conventional Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT), which have been used for the past three decades are being phased out. These tubes pose a serious environmental problem as the lead content in these glasses are as high as 18 wt%. Today, there are no processes to recycle these CRT tubes, which are piled up in the dumps. Thus, there is an urgent and acute need to develop a process to extract the lead values from these glasses. Dissolution of such waste in molten salts followed by electrodeposition of lead is a possible processing route.


The continuous occurrence of lithium-ion battery system fires in recent years has made battery system fault diagnosis a current research hotspot. For a series connected battery pack, the current of each cell is the same. Although there are differences in parameters such as internal ohmic resistance, the relative change of parameters between cells is small. Therefore, the correlation coefficient of voltage signals between different cells can detect the faulty cell. Inspired by this, this paper proposes an improved Euclidean distance method and a cosine similarity method for online diagnosis of multi-fault in series connected battery packs, and compares them with the correlation coefficient method. The voltage sensor positions are arranged according to the interleaved voltage measurement design. The multi-fault involved in this study, including connection faults, sensor faults, internal short-circuit faults and external short-circuit faults, will lead to abnormal sensor readings at different positions, which in turn will cause changes in correlation coefficient, Euclidean distance and cosine similarity to achieve fault detection. Fault experiments were conducted to verify the feasibility of the three methods in a series connected battery pack.


The Mandiri Securitas advertisement film is a corporate advertisement that contains a persuasive message to increase brand image as a leader in investment in the Stock Exchange or trusted banking investment in Indonesia. The metaphor in the Mandiri Securitas advertisement contains cinematographic images that borrow keris culture to be sided with banking culture. This qualitative descriptive study uses a semiotic approach to appropriate verbal and visual messages from the system of rhetorical marks "Minus One". The content of visual rhetoric and verbal rhetoric on the Mandiri Securitas advertisement was reviewed by Roland Barthes's semiotic theory, because it was considered capable of uncovering the relationship of the sign meaning behind the denotative marker system and connotative markers from the ideology of Mandiri Securitas advertisements with the  theme of empu keris (keris maker). The results of this study prove that the application of the "Minus-One" method is very helpful to find and recognize the roles played by the constituent elements of a film construction. The Mandiri Securitas advertisement film is an example of the appropriation of the tradition world for the benefit of the modern world. The tradition world is not displayed in its entirety as it is, but is displayed partially and determined based on the image of the modern world wants to construct as an imagery form of advertising. Keywords: Metaphor, rhetoric, Semiotics, and ideology


appendicular musculature. 2. Identify and locate the principal appendicular muscles of the body, together with their origins and insertions, and describe their innervation and actions. 3. Compare the major muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs and relate the differences to variations in their functional roles. 4. Describe and compare the fascia compartments of the arm, forearm, thigh, and leg.


The following paper is an extension, to include the Earth's rotation, of a discussion by J. Proudman and A. T. Doodson, treating of the corresponding phenomena in a non-rotating tidal channel. In the course of the solution it is necessary to have two functions expanded in two related series of special form (9), and a separate paper has been devoted to the expansion-theorem required.


Research has found homogeneous robot groups can be intimidating, but few have studied the impact of intentionally incoherent robot group motion. This work explores incoherent group motion through an exploratory online user study, varying how robots move relative to a human figure entering the scene. Online participants (N=240 participants) rated twelve research conditions across various social and functional goals. Results showed coherent groups had the strongest communication signals, but incoherent motion can cue more complex communications. Coherent motion towards was threatening and blocking, and coherent motion away was avoidant and harmless. Coherent stillness was inviting. Subgroup size linearly affected communication strength.


Aims: The fact that level of fish consumption in Indonesia is relatively low in 2021 at 55.16 kg/capita compared to the fishery production which has reached 21,872,810.30 tonnes. One of the causes is the lack of various types of processed fishery products on the market which makes people tend to get bored consuming fishery products, one of the efforts that can be taken is to increase the household-scale fisheries industry. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further research on the characterization of the household-scale fisheries industry to determine its characteristics as well as to be used as a reference for increasing fish consumption in the future.
Study Design: A Case study.
Place and Duration of Study: Several areas in West Java, such as Sumedang Regency, Bogor Regency, Bandung City, and Depok City, 1 March 2023 - 31 March 2023 (1 month).
Methodology: This research was conducted by taking random samples and analyzing using descriptive analysis with 6 interviewees (4 men and 2 women).
Results: The procurement of raw materials is purchased by business owners at the nearest local market with cash payments and an open system. The use of the means of production is still simple. Own innovation recipe. Some have implemented a factory layout, some don't have a factory layout. Doing market segmentation properly, targeting all groups, products are distributed directly to consumers. Promotion techniques are carried out online following existing technological developments. Determine the cost-plus pricing method. The majority have competitors located around the industry.
Conclusion: The duration of opening a business and the level of education can affect a person's experience and understanding of doing business. Always prioritizing cleanliness, the quality of raw materials, the technology used, and the quality of the final product can affect the progress of an industrial business.


A magnetically self-confined ring of 430-keV protons with a field reversal on axis of 3% is formed in an 8-kG solenoid, as evidenced by propagation more than 1 m in 15--400 mTorr air or hydrogen without dispersion. Up to 83% of the proton kinetic energy is in rotation and inductive coupling of axial ring energy to azimuthal plasma current induced in air (but not hydrogen) gives reflection of >50% of the ring from a 23% mirror.


The α ↔ γ transformation in nominally high purity Fe is shown to occur with a stepped peak in differential thermal analysis on both heating and cooling at rates between 0.5 K min−1 and 10 K min−1. The composite peaks mark changes in the transformation rate. To endorse the findings, the instrumental output has been thoroughly analyzed providing evaluations of time lags, suggestions for calibration and for the use of the derivative of the peak. The change in rate occurred in all samples irrespective of their grain size (average values from 91 µm to 1100 µm). The rate of movement of the interface in the α ↔ γ transformation is estimated between 4 × 10−5 m s−1 and 3 × 10−6 m s−1. The present results extend previous dilatometric work in which the rate variation was detected only for large grain size and low undercooling. Possible reasons for the variation in rate are outlined: local development of strain in the austenite due to lattice misfit with respect of the growing ferrite, formation of a ragged microstructure and pinning of the boundaries by impurity.


Upbringing requires an active intervention in the process of children growing up. Convergence in technology and media makes it possible to augment nurturing by making blended infrastructures with new digital resources available in learning environments at schools. A game-based provision of educationally-valuable content within a collective, virtual environment combined with an analysis of events in the game after it has been played (blended nurture environment) may help to better communicate human values especially where old-fashioned discussion methods fail or do not fulfill the promise of effective, educational institution-based methods of bringing up. This is where life sciences, psychology, media, pedagogy and technology (need to) converge.


The era of the industrial revolution 4.0 has brought great changes to the human. The Supreme Court as the highest judicial body should embody effective and efficient justice with the simple, fast, and low cost princeples. This study examines the extent to which the Supreme Court Regulations regulate and embody an effective and efficient judicial system in resolving Islamic economic disputes in religious courts. This type of research is qualitative with a normative juridical approach. As a result, the Supreme Court has issued several rules as an effort to embody an effective and efficient judiciary, namely Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2015 concerning the procedure for simple lawsuit resolution, Supreme Court Regulation Number 14 of 2016 concerning Procedures for Settling Sharia Economic Disputes, Regulation of the Supreme Court Number 5 year 2016 concerning Sharia Economic Judge Certification, Supreme Court Regulation 04 of 2019 concerning amendment to Supreme Court Regulation Number 02 of 2015 concerning Simple Settlement Procedures and Supreme Court Regulations 01 of 2019 concerning Electronic Case and Trial Administration. It regulates efforts to embody the resolution for Sharia economic disputes that are effective and efficient, namely through a simple lawsuit, judges must have competence in the field of sharia economics by issuing a sharia economic judge certification policy and providing judicial services electronically.


OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy and toxicity of compound matrine infections plus bleomycin in the treatment of patients with malignant pleural effusion.METHODS: 60 patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomized to either experiment group or control group: the patients in the experiment group were intravenously dripped with compound matrine injection(20 mL/per day for four weeks) and their pleural cavity were concomitantly infused with bleomycin 40 mg·(m~2)~(-1) plus compound matrine injection 30ml weekly for a total of two to four times;while the pleural cavity of the control group were infused with bleomycin 40 mg·(m~2)~(-1) per week for two to four weeks alone.At 1 month,the efficacy,quality of life(QOL,KPS score) and side effect were recorded.RESULTS: The response rate(RR) in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group(86.7% vs.63.3%,P0.05);the KPS scores in the experimental group increased significantly after treatment compared with before treatment(P0.05),while the KPS scores in the control group decreased significantly after treatment(P0.05);there were no significant differences between the two groups in toxicity(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Compound matrine injection plus bleomycin showed proved efficacy for patients with malignant plural effusion efficacy in that the QOL of the patients has been improved,thus it serves as an effective regimen for malignant plural effusion.


A new computer program for on-line crystallographic analysis in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is presented. The program is based on the fast on-line determination of single-crystal orientations from Kikuchi and spot patterns. Spot patterns, which are particularly useful in the case of highly deformed metals, are analyzed by a new digital image processing procedure. This procedure improves the precision and ease of the orientation measurement. The program permits the on-line measurement of glide systems characterized by the Burgers vector and the crystallographic line direction of dislocations and their glide planes. The determination of twin systems, based on the misorientation calculation for any crystal structure, is included as well. The possibility of determining the foil thickness permits the complete crystallographic characterization of interfaces. Finally, the program facilitates the discrimination of phases and includes the fit of the lattice parameters a, b and c from diffraction patterns. The new procedures are described in detail. Application examples are given for all functions.


When the opera La Juive (The Jewess) was premiered in Paris in 1835, it was immediately embraced by the public and became one of the most popular French operas of the nineteenth century. Its music was beautiful and its story highly dramatic. Yet, how could an anti-Catholic drama of great intensity that also was keenly sympathetic to Jews achieve such acceptance in a predominantly Catholic, largely antisemitic society? Diana Hallman has written an excellent answer to that question. Her study is well-researched, is thorough in its scope, and reads like a novel. The story of the opera takes place in Constance, Switzerland, in 1414 and reflects indirectly actual historical events. The protagonists of the opera are its hero, Eleazar (a wealthy Jew), Rachel (his adopted daughter), Cardinal Brogni (responsible in the past for the creel deaths of Eleazar's family through a Christian-inspired slaughter), and Leopold (prince of the Empire, faithless husband, and, in disguise as the Jew Samuel, the wooer of Rachel). Although Brogni attempts in his own narrow way to be nice to Eleazar (whom he does not recognize as his former victim), the latter defiantly continues to hate Brogni and his Church and seeks revenge. He gets it through Rachel, born a Christian as Brogni's child, whom Eleazar rescues as an infant and raises as a Jewess. When it is discovered that Leopold (Samuel) is not Jewish and is married, Brogni seeks to punish all in one way or another. Rachel sacrifices herself to save Leopold. Only as she dies does Eleazar reveal to Brogni her true identity. The opera was written by Eugene Scribe, the most famous librettist in Europe at the time and a liberal Christian, and Fromental Halevy, an up-and-coming young opera composer and a Jew. Hallman gives us a clear picture of both, their interactions, and what they were attempting to accomplish. The composer came from a distinguished Jewish family; his father, Elie, came to Paris from the Jewish center in Metz and quickly distinguished himself for his efforts to help Jews enter post-Revolutionary French society. Always sympathetic to his father's views and his own upbringing, Halevy, and to a lesser extent also his younger brother Leon, a prolific writer and Saint-Simonian, softened some of Scribe's harshest scenes and pointed out to Scribe where he was "insensitive." Hallman gives us some of the variant versions of scenarios, scenes and texts that were eliminated from the final version of the opera, many because Scribe lacked a Jewish perspective. She also shows us how Halevy interpreted specific texts and thereby characters through his musical setting. …