This paper aims to unveil some linkages between design and a social entrepreneurship process. To achieve this purpose, this analyses the key literature regarding social entrepreneurship and design. It introduces an abridged version of four case study resulting from a qualitative research conducted to a Chilean social business incubator and four social entrepreneurs. The cases serve as empirical evidence of the diverse and complex nature of social entrepreneurship. A data analysis introduces insights into how design is connected to the social entrepreneurship process. The insights presented are not determinative and show that design is used in response to the different challenges that social entrepreneurs encounter. These insights are used to create a framework that is to be employed as an analytical and reflective device to understand the social entrepreneurship process in practice and the different roles that design plays within it.


The paper is concerned with temporal factors affecting human performance and work efficiency. The aim is to emphasize that a careful consideration of the temporal structure of body functions and, consequently, a proper timing of work activities can be of paramount importance to ensure high levels of performance efficiency, decreasing fatigue and enhancing health and safety.


In this paper we rst compute the circular version of the Morse-Smale characteristic of all closed surfaces. We also observe that the critical points of the real valued height functions alongside those of some S 1 valued functions on a surface R 3 , are the characteristic points with respect to some involutive distributions. We nally study the size of the characteristic set of the compact orientable surface of genus g, embedded in a certain way in the rst Heisenberg group, with respect to the horizontal distribution of the Heisenberg group.


Summary. The absorption of radioactive iron from a solution of ferrous ascorbate, and from a standard meal containing intrinsically labelled haemoglobin and wheat, was measured in 12 Indian housewives, 18 white hospital patients and 12 subjects with idiopathic haemochromatosis. Eight of the latter had been fully treated by multiple venesections, so that their serum ferritin concentrations were below 25 μg/1. Since the serum ferritin concentrations of the housewives and the hospital patients were comparable, their body iron stores were considered to be depleted to a similar degree. There were no significant differences between the absorptions of ferrous ascorbate or of the haem iron in the standard meal by each group, but the housewives and the hospital patients absorbed significantly less of the non‐haem food iron. The mean non‐haem food iron absorptions were 36.4%, 5.8% and 18.9% for the treated haemochromatotic subjects, the Indian housewives and the white hospital patients respectively. The discrepancies between the absorptions of the different forms of food iron were highlighted by calculating the ratios between them. The mean non‐haem: haem food iron absorption ratio for the group of treated haemochromatotic subjects was 0.98, and for the Indian housewives only 0.18. The white hospital patients did not form a homogeneous population: the ratios of the five males and three of the females were greater than 1.0, whereas those of the remaining 10 females were less than 0.5. The results of this study suggest that mal‐absorption of non‐haem iron from a meal containing bread, presumably due to a defect at the luminal level, may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency in some subjects. The abnormality appears to be particularly prevalent among Indian women living in Durban.


Significance Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of pneumonia, a leading cause of death globally. Limitations in antibiotic efficacy and vaccines call attention to the need to develop our understanding of host–pathogen interactions to improve mitigation strategies. Here, we show that lung cells exposed to S. pneumoniae are subject to DNA damage caused by hydrogen peroxide, which is secreted by strains of S. pneumoniae that carry the spxB gene. The observation that S. pneumoniae secretes hydrogen peroxide at genotoxic and cytotoxic levels is consistent with a model wherein host DNA damage and repair modulate pneumococcal pathogenicity. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and one of the most common causes of death globally. The impact of S. pneumoniae on host molecular processes that lead to detrimental pulmonary consequences is not fully understood. Here, we show that S. pneumoniae induces toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human alveolar epithelial cells, as indicated by ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM)-dependent phosphorylation of histone H2AX and colocalization with p53-binding protein (53BP1). Furthermore, results show that DNA damage occurs in a bacterial contact-independent fashion and that Streptococcus pyruvate oxidase (SpxB), which enables synthesis of H2O2, plays a critical role in inducing DSBs. The extent of DNA damage correlates with the extent of apoptosis, and DNA damage precedes apoptosis, which is consistent with the time required for execution of apoptosis. Furthermore, addition of catalase, which neutralizes H2O2, greatly suppresses S. pneumoniae-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Importantly, S. pneumoniae induces DSBs in the lungs of animals with acute pneumonia, and H2O2 production by S. pneumoniae in vivo contributes to its genotoxicity and virulence. One of the major DSBs repair pathways is nonhomologous end joining for which Ku70/80 is essential for repair. We find that deficiency of Ku80 causes an increase in the levels of DSBs and apoptosis, underscoring the importance of DNA repair in preventing S. pneumoniae-induced genotoxicity. Taken together, this study shows that S. pneumoniae-induced damage to the host cell genome exacerbates its toxicity and pathogenesis, making DNA repair a potentially important susceptibility factor in people who suffer from pneumonia.


Information system analysis and design is such a course that puts equal stress on the theory and practice. In the light of the problems existing in the experiment teaching of this course such as the empty experiment contents, and the bad effects, etc., this paper advances a solving scheme for carrying out the experiment teaching based on Rational Rose.


Soil determines the degree of water infiltration, crop nutrient absorption, and germination, which in turn affects crop yield and quality. For the efficient planting of agricultural products, the accurate identification of soil texture is necessary. This study proposed a flexible smartphone-based machine vision system using a deep learning autoencoder convolutional neural network random forest (DLAC-CNN-RF) model for soil texture identification. Different image features (color, particle, and texture) were extracted and randomly combined to predict sand, clay, and silt content via RF and DLAC-CNN-RF algorithms. The results show that the proposed DLAC-CNN-RF model has good performance. When the full features were extracted, a very high prediction accuracy for sand (R2 = 0.99), clay (R2 = 0.98), and silt (R2 = 0.98) was realized, which was higher than those frequently obtained by the KNN and VGG16-RF models. The possible mechanism was further discussed. Finally, a graphical user interface was designed and used to accurately predict soil types. This investigation showed that the proposed DLAC-CNN-RF model could be a promising solution to costly and time-consuming laboratory methods.


— It is difficult for portfolio selections to adopt an appropriate way to describe information effectively. On the one hand, hesitant triangular fuzzy sets (HTFSs), composed of a limited number of membership degrees with the form of triangular fuzzy numbers, can transform uncertain variables into definite values more comprehensively than fuzzy sets with only one membership degree. On the other hand, we firstly parametrize the fuzzy entropy for triangular fuzzy numbers based on credibility theory. The rigorous mathematical derivation of the proposed entropy formula is proved in this paper, which is also extended to HTFS. Next, a novel bi-objective model is constructed from the perspectives of return maximization and risk minimization, which adopts credibility expectation and parametric entropy to describe returns and risks, respectively. Furthermore, the model solving process is designed for risk investors with different risk preferences. Finally, a case study is presented to inspect the feasibility of our proposed model. In the analysis of results, the reasons why optimal portfolio changes with investors' risk preferences are explained. We conclude that the parameter of our defined entropy has enriched the expression of preference information. Thus, the proposed model can be reasonably used in practical qualitative risk investment.


A phase equilibrium study of the bismuth-bismuth trichloride system has been carried out. The experimental techniques included sampling at temperature, thermal analysis, and visual observations. The miscibility gap was found to be closed at a consolute tempenature of 780 and 51 mole % Bi. In the two liquid phase region, the solubility of the salt in the metal increased with increasing temperature while the solubility of bismuth in bismuth trichloride decreased from 45% at 320 to 28% at about 550 . Results in the liquid-solid region are reported and compared with those of earlier workers. (auth)


A good light intensity distribution on the surface of robot soccer field is crucial to obtain an optimum robot soccer vision system calibration. Any decrement in light intensity will affect the overall performance of the robots during the match. In any robot soccer match, it is known that, the field edges always receive uneven lighting intensity. This is due to the poor design and unsuitable location of lighting system armature. The aim of this research is to develop an enhanced version armature with the help of wide-angle parabolic aluminium reflector. The comparison between the lux value and the robot recognition rate generated by both the normal and enhanced lighting system will be analysed. The SPSS (ver. 17.0) program is used to analyse the significance of the results produced by both lighting systems. The results show that the enhanced lighting system had significantly increased the average lux value across the field and the average robot detection rate with 0.05 significance level. This also demonstrates that the robot soccer lighting system can be enhanced by using a cheap material such as in the proposed design.


Objective: To realize efficient transformation of fusion expression plasmid of HBV PreS1-EGFP into P. Pastoris. Methods: HBV PreS1gene and green fluorescent protein gene were inserted into the expression vector of pPIC9K to yield pPIC9K-EGFP-preS1. This recombinant plasmid was linearized by the enzyme of Sac I and transformed into P.Pastoris GS115 (pretreated with LiAc and DDT) by electroporation at 1.5 kv and 25 F. After electroporation the cells were immediately diluted in the ice-cold sorbitol, spreaded onto the YNBG plate, and selected by HIS4 selection marker. Results: The improved method in which P. pastoris GS115 was pretreated with LiAc and DDT increased the transformation efficiency to 164×104 transformants/1 μg pPIC9K-EGFP-preS1 DNA, 6.6 times than the traditional method. Conlusions: The improved method can effectively elevate the transformation efficiency of pPIC9K-EGFP-preS1 so as to provide the base for selecting transformants of high-level expression of HBV PreS1-EGFP.


Objective To investigate the prognostic sequelae in neontes with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and ven-tricnlar dilatation.Methods Seventy-six full term newborns infants with HIE were followed up at the age from 3 to 19 months after therapy. Twenty-five infants among them were followed up by telephone in the epidemic period of SARS.Results Among 76 infants of 88 newborn infants with HIE(84.6%), 73 infants were normal (96.1% ). 1 infant had cerebral palsy (1.3%), 2 infants died (2.6 %).Among 39 cases with mild HIE, none of them had cerebral sequelae; among moderate HIE. 1 infant had cerebral palsy (2.9%) 1 infant died (2. 9 %), interlenkin-4 among severe HIE 50 % died (P0.001). One of 30 infants with Apgar Score 8-10 at 1 min after birth had cerebral palsy (3 %); seventeen infants with Apgar Seort ≤7 at 1 min.of 8-10 at 5 min.Done of them had cerebral sequelae (0 % ); while 2 of 24 infants with Apyar Scere≤7 at 1 min and 5 min died (8 % ),P00.5 The poor outcome of HIE in those infants were related to intrauterine growth retardation,severe birth asphyxia;and inadequate treatment.Cranial ultra-sonography of 49 infants were done on follow-up,and 12 of them (24.5 % ) had ventricular dilatations, which appeared after birth with 6 infants. Others occurred on follow-up with 1 infant had cerobral palsy,all ventricular dilatations recovered to normal at 12- 19 months except the cerebral palsy.Conclusions The poor outcome of HIE depends on the infants with intranterine growth relarda-tion,severe birth asphyxia and inadequate treatment.The prognosis of transient ventrealar ddatation are good except cerebral palsy.J Appl Clin pediatr,2004,19(12) : 1045- 1047


By calculating the location and size of the relative eddy formed in the rotating impellers with the logarithmic spiral vanes, a new simple but accurate slip factor is analytically derived. The proposed slip factor depends on only one parameter that is a function of the number of vanes and the vane exit angle. Predicted slip factor for various cases are compared with those estimated by a number of previous slip factors as well as a recent theoretical calculation by Visser et al. ( JFM, Vol. 268, pp. 107-141, 1994). It is found that the present slip factor yields almost similar results to Wiesner's which has been empirically formulated based on the theoretical calculation of Busemann.


almost daily reflection on the different recommendations that can be made. Several recommendations or statements have already been posted or published in order to ensure safety against the virus in endoscopy units before, during, and after procedures. Two other important questions related to the COVID-19 epidemic should also be considered: How to reduce the workload in endoscopy? and How to reschedule the cases that have been postponed? The survey reported by Bilal et al. deals with the first subject. Of note is that the method used for the survey is original and adapted to this period of epidemic: The survey was conducted on Twitter using the "Twitter poll" option. As acknowledged by the authors, the sample is certainly not representative (2,500 followers of the author) but the idea is interesting. First issue: Why and how to reduce the workload in endoscopy? In other words, why and how should we reconsider the indications? Why reconsider the indications? The main reasons for this delicate question are: ▪ To reduce risk of healthcare personnel and patient exposure to the infection of the virus, which is present in saliva, expectorations and feces. ▪ To reduce risk to patients associated with transportation to the hospital and stay at the hospital, because hospitals also receive patients suspected of being infected with COVID-19. ▪ To avoid a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) for personnel who are in charge of taking care of patients with COVID-19. Unfortunately, this is probably the main reason in many countries, including so-called developed countries. This is a major drawback related to globalization. For example, two-thirds of medical gloves are produced in only one country (Malaysia). It is also due to a lack of anticipation of the epidemic by the health authorities. ▪ To avoid having to manage complications of endoscopy that may require surgery and resuscitation at a time when intensive care unit beds have to be prioritized for patients with COVID-19. ▪ To reallocate human resources (nurses, anesthesiologists) and sedatives in order to increase the number of intensive care beds.


By analyzing the development of modern economic evolution thoughts,this paper shows that both biological reductionism and returning to equilibrium analysis hinder the potential explanatory power,which analyzes the ongoing process of economic system as a life. The paper argues that the division of labor and economic evolution are two sides of economic system. If division of labor theory can remove the bondage of equilibrium analysis paradigm,and modern evolutionary economics can overcome biological reductionism and deal with the impulse of returning to equilibrium analysis paradigm appropriately,integration of the two can create the analytical framework of evolving division of labor. Then modern evolution economic analysis will have a bright future.


This paper presents workflow and method to preliminarily evaluate the potential storage sites suitability for carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in sedimentary basins of Malaysia. There are 14 sedimentary basins all around Malaysia that has been identified as potential CO2 storage. This study concentrates on the assessment of major sedimentary basins in Malaysia both onshore and offshore where potential geological formations which carbon dioxide could be stored exist below 800 m and where suitable sealing formations are present. Those potential sites are screened and ranked in terms of their suitability for CO2 storage. The screening and ranking of potential sedimentary basins for CO2 storage is conducted quantitatively by assigning scores and weight to each of screening criteria and analysed based on parametric normalization. The screening criteria were modified from previous study to suit the geology setting of Malaysia. The data is compiled using Excel-based evaluation tools to rank the potential storage sites for carbon dioxide sequestration in Malaysia. Malay basin is ranked as the most potential basins for offshore CO2 storage hence it deserves extra attentions in the next phase of basin scale assessment The results from screening and ranking exercise later should be used in detailed basin scale assessment in future works.


Performance of perceptive systems depends on the quality of the input data. In this contribution, an approach to evaluate perception performance as a function of quality of the sensor data is presented. Standardized quality metrics support the imaging sensors performance measurement. Several imaging setups are analyzed with real world experiments. The output of each setup is processed offline to track down performance differences with respect to the quality of sensor data. An adapted measurement is calculated to measure the sensor performance with respect to the data quality for the involved perceptive components. The measured performance is assessed by processing the data of different simultaneously recorded imaging setups for the task of feature extraction of road lanes.


Scope During food processing, the Maillard reaction (МR) may occur, resulting in the formation of glycated proteins. Glycated proteins are of particular importance in food allergies because glycation may influence interactions with the immune system. This study compared native and extensively glycated milk allergen β‐lactoglobulin (BLG), in their interactions with cells crucially involved in allergy. Methods and results BLG was glycated in MR and characterized. Native and glycated BLG were tested in experiments of epithelial transport, uptake and degradation by DCs, T‐cell cytokine responses, and basophil cell degranulation using ELISA and flow cytometry. Glycation of BLG induced partial unfolding and reduced its intestinal epithelial transfer over a Caco‐2 monolayer. Uptake of glycated BLG by bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (BMDC) was increased, although both BLG forms entered BMDC via the same mechanism, receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Once inside the BMDC, glycated BLG was degraded faster, which might have led to observed lower cytokine production in BMDC/CD4+ T‐cells coculture. Finally, glycated BLG was less efficient in induction of degranulation of BLG‐specific IgE sensitized basophil cells. Conclusions This study suggests that glycation of BLG by MR significantly alters its fate in processes involved in immunogenicity and allergenicity, pointing out the importance of food processing in food allergy.


The Nordic Hydrogen Energy Foresight was launched in January 2003 by 16 partners from academia, industry, energy companies and associations from all five Nordic countries. A wide range of additional Nordic and European experts from research, industry and governments have participated in the various steps of the foresight process.


Objective
To investigate the effect of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) combined with epirubicin for the serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level and survival prognosis in patients with superficial bladder cancer.

Methods
From June 2011 to June 2016, 100 patients with superficial bladder cancer were selected in our hospital. All patients were randomly divided into mitomycin group and epirubicin group, 50 cases in each group, mitomycin group was treated with 40 mg mitomycin after the operation, epirubicin group was treated with 50 mg epirubicin after the operation.

Results
VEGF levels of mitomycin group and epirubicin group at 3, 6 months after treatment were significantly lower than those of the before treatment, VEGF levels of epirubicin group were significantly lower than those of mitomycin group at 3, 6 months after treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Cumulative survival rate of epirubicin group was significantly higher than those of mitomycin group, and cumulative recurrence rate of epirubicin group was significantly lower than those of mitomycin group at 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions
TURBT combined epirubicin can effectively reduce postoperative recurrence and improve survival prognosis in patients with bladder cancer, it may be associated with reducing the serum VEGF level in patients, and it has a good safety, it's worth for further clinical promotion.

Key words:
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Cystectomy; Epirubicin; Prognosis


The present invention provides a tensile force is introduced from the inside of the upper or outer upper side of the beam 10 in order now to be built more easily the excellent structural stability to the bridge relates to a prestressed de concrete beam Boro widely used in the bridge and securely 2 placing the PC steel wire (14) is de prestressed concrete beam. Beam according to the present invention can give you introduce a maximum tensile force close to the maximum allowable tensile stress of the concrete to the PC steel wires 12 having a downward curve in the interior of the beam 10 when the manufacture of the beam 10, beam 10 when the other load other than the self-weight action while releasing the tensile force that was introduced to claim 2 PC steel wire (14) there is an advantage such that it is possible to build a bridge more easily and securely as a bridge construction. Prestress concrete beam DE, PC steel wire, PC steel wire of claim 2, the maximum tensile force.


It is a generally held view that Wittgenstein's work represents a refutation of idealism. According to many interpreters, the return to ordinary language promoted by Wittgenstein implies a rejection of idealism. Since Husserl claims that phenomenology is a transcendental idealism, it seems natural to think there is a huge gap between these two philosophers. By studying the disagreement between Fink and Husserl about ordinary language, this article tries to undercut this hasty conclusion. It is possible to accept Husserl's transcendental idealism without jeopardizing the grammar of ordinary language.


The research and the importance of the research included: The importance of mental abilities in the field of physical education in general and football in particular. The research problem was to identify the possibility of electro-exercise in the development of visual attention and awareness of the environment and reaction to football players. The goal of research is


This document discusses the determinants of a deteriorating co-existence and life among different schools in Bogota. To this effect, the document considers the transformation of the State through political and economic reforms that Colombia as well as Latin America, adopted in the nineties in preparation for the big global economic reform known as globalization. Similarly, the discussion focuses on educational reforms and the new conception of education that emerge from the constitution of 1991 in Colombia and its potential impact on school interaction from the perspective of educational institutions survey in Bogota on school life and the circumstances that affect it as addressed by the National Department of Statistics "DANE" in agreement with the Secretariat of the State Education.


This paper explains the results of a user study on 131 participants in Finland. The study measured how feedback information influences customers' decision making, and what impact individual feedback elements have. The study was conducted using a research prototype that simulates a real world widget sharing website. Our results indicate that customer reviews are the most important feedback element, followed by overall ratings and widget description. Our results also indicate that, with the exception of developer information, individual feedback elements can provide adequate decision support, and that relatively simple feedback information can result in positive user attitudes towards decision performance.


Gastric infarction is rare, owing to the extensive collateral circulation of the stomach. A case of gastric infarction occurring in a patient with septic shock secondary to pneumonia is presented. The aetiology, diagnosis and therapy of gastric infarction are discussed, with consideration of the role of sepsis and vasopressors in pathogenesis and the concept of splanchnic resuscitation in prevention of the condition.


In this essay, methods are discussed for enacting "potential spaces," as demonstrated in D. W. Winnicott's theoretical and therapeutic practices and as drawn in Alison Bechdel's graphic memoir Are You My Mother?, a text in which Winnicott and his work in particular, and therapeutic scenes in general, figure prominently. It juxtaposes Winnicott's theories and practices next to Bechdel's in order to create a transitional space between the two that illuminates the graphic elements of Winnicott's psychoanalytic theories and the psychoanalytic elements of Bechdel's art practice. What Bechdel practices in Are You My Mother? is not so much graphic medicine as what the essay calls "graphic analysis"—a long and difficult therapeutic and creative process of doing and undoing the self in words and images.


Background Implantation of mechanical cardiac support systems (MCSS) in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) may improve cardiac function and allow explantation of the device. We report of long-term effects of ventricular unloading on cardiac function, humoral anti-β1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies (A-β1-AABs), and myocardial fibrosis. Methods and Results Seventeen patients in New York Heart Association functional class IV with nonischemic IDC received MCSS. All had a cardiac index of 68 mm and tested positive for A-β1-AABs. Echocardiographic evaluation, serum tests for A-β1-AABs, and histological assessment of myocardial fibrosis were performed before and after MCSS implantation. The mean support duration was 230±201 days. Six patients died, four were transplanted, and two are still on MCSS. Five patients with significant cardiac re...


The construction and optimization of electrode materials with stable structure have received great attention to realize high-performance supercapacitors. Herein, we present the fabrication of nicke...


Context. There exist few variability studies of stars in the region in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram between the A and B-star pulsational instability strips. With the aid of the high precision continuous measurements of the CoRoT space satellite, low amplitudes are more easily detected, making a study of this neglected region worthwhile.

Aims. We collected a small sample of B stars observed by CoRoT to determine the origin of the different types of variability observed.

Methods. We combine literature photometry and spectroscopy to measure the fundamental parameters of the stars in the sample, and compare asteroseismic modelling of the light curves with (differentially rotating) spotted star models.

Results. We found strong evidence for the existence of spots and differential rotation in HD 174648, and formulated hypotheses for their origin. We show that the distinction between pulsations and rotational modulation is difficult to make solely based on the light curve, especially in slowly rotating stars.


The 1,4-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-cyanatobenzyl) benzene (BBZCy) was synthesized successfully by the reaction of 1,4-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene(BBZ) with cyanogen chloride in the presence of triethylamine at −5–0°C. Its structure was confirmed by means of FTIR, elemental analysis, MS, and 1H NMR spectra. The monomer of BBZCy was cured by itself or cured with catalysts to form sym-triazine structure. Thermal properties of cured BBZCy were studied using DSC, DMA, TMA, and TGA. Compared with the commercial bisphenol A dicyanate resin (BADCy), the cured BBZCy resin exhibited a lower dielectric constant (2.66 at 1 GHz), a lower dissipation factor (0.0054 at 1 GHz), lower water absorption (0.8% at 100 h), less thermal stability, and lower glass transition temperature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011


High-fidelity models capable of accurately predicting ship motion are critical for promoting innovation and efficiency in the maritime industry. However, creating an advanced model that comprehensively represents the system and its interaction with dynamic environments has always been challenging. Many models provide partial knowledge about a system. To handle the deficiency and improve model fidelity, in this artile, we propose a hybrid modeling methodology, in which prior knowledge describing the ship dynamic effects is incorporated into a data-driven calibrator, yielding a representative model with high predictive capability. Enabled by the integration of model estimated ship states into the calibrator, the informative information could be interpreted and carried forward. Simulation and full-scale experiments are conducted on the research vessel Gunnerus to exemplify the concept. A best available numerical model and a neural network are prepared to be the foundation and calibrator, respectively. Experiment results show that the cooperative model greatly improves the predictive capability of the research vessel. From the ship modeling perspective, this study provides new insights by bridging the gap between two separate domains: 1) model-based and 2) data-driven.


The present work reports simultaneous bubble size and gas transfer measurements in a bubbly wake flow of a hydrofoil, designed to be similar to a hydroturbine blade. Bubble size was measured by a shadow imaging technique and found to have a Sauter mean diameter of 0.9 mm for a reference case. A lower gas flow rate, greater liquid velocities, and a larger angle of attack all resulted in an increased number of small size bubbles and a reduced weighted mean bubble size. Bubble-water gas transfer is measured by the disturbed equilibrium technique. The gas transfer model of Azbel (1981) is utilized to characterize the liquid film coefficient for gas transfer, with one scaling coefficient to reflect the fact that characteristic turbulent velocity is replaced by cross-sectional mean velocity. The coefficient was found to stay constant at a particular hydrofoil configuration while it varied within a narrow range of 0.52-0.60 for different gas/water flow conditions.


Atmospheric thermal inversions (ATI) are a leading contributor to air quality degradation; therefore, a more acute understanding of their conditions is necessary. In this study, the extent of ATI events in central South Dakota is explored. Traditional knowledge suggests ATI events are local scale phenomena that may vary over a region owing to localized differences in environmental and land surface parameters. Since large scale atmospheric forcing can modulate ATI development, it is hypothesized that inversions can be continuous over broad areas. In this study, temperature data from the South Dakota Wind Resource Assessment Network (WRAN) were compiled from a network of three 80 meter observing towers to identify variations in inversion strength and duration across a mesoscale 300 kilometer region. The inversion data were compared to observed surface meteorological conditions including the locations of high and low pressure centers, surface boundaries, and cloudiness. The degree of variation in inversion strength and duration between observ ing stations was assessed, with special attention paid to the reasons for the variation. Specifically, a combination of siting and meteorological differences were determined to be the most likely causes of the reported fluctuation in ATI intensity(ΔT/ΔZ) and duration (total time inversion conditions are recorded in each 24-hour period). This knowledge will lead to improved accuracy in air quality alerts by form ing a basis to more accurately assess the extent of ATI conditions under given synoptic situations. If adapted by industry and policy makers, these finds will lead to fewer air quality exceedances to regions downwind of heavy polluters.


The colors of gingivae play an important role in the treatment of periodontal diseases in that they furnish valuable guides concerning the diagnosis, observation of curative processes and prognostic judgment. Despite this high importance, however, the gingival colors have been hitherto studied chiefly on a subjective basis.For the purpose of studying the gingival colors with as much objectivity as possible, the author used a microcolorimeter (CM-5A model) in examining comparatively the gingival colors of the patients of periodontal diseases and gingivitis.At the same time, after the measurement of gingival colors of alveolar pyorrhea patients a relationship between the hemoglobin index and that of blood volume was looked into.The following are some of the salient findings obtained:1. With regard to hue measurements, they were in a descending order of inflammatory alveolar pyorrhea, gingivitis and mixed alveolar pyorrhea in the papillar region. In the marginal region, on the other hand, they were in a descending order of inflammatory alveolar pyorrhea, mixed alveolar pyorrhea and gingivitis.2. With regard to value measurements, they were in a descending order of gingivitis, inflammatory alveolar pyorrhea and mixed alveolar pyorrhea in the papillar region. In the marginal region, on the other hand, they were in a descending order of gingivitis, mixed alveolar pyorrhea and inflammatory alveolar pyorrhea.3. With regard to chroma measurements, they were in a descending order of inflammatory alveolar pyorrhea, gingivitis and mixed alveolar pyorrhea it the papillar region.In the marginal region, on the other hand, they were in a descending order of inflammatory alveolar pyorrhea, gingivitis and mixed alveolar pyorrhea.4. From the findings in 1), 2) and 3) above, the papillar gingivae in gingivitis revealed a bright and red-orange with the median "chroma", inflammatory alveolar pyorrhea a bright yellow-orange with the median "chroma", while mixed alveolar pyorrhea revealed a dark red with no "chroma". On the other hand, the marginal and attached gingivae in gingivitis revealed a bright yellow-orange with sufficient "chroma", inflammatory alveolar pyorrhea a dark red with the median "chroma", while mixed alveolar pyorrhea revealed a red-orange and its brightness was without the median "chroma".5. The fluctuations in the hemoglobin index had much bearings on the brightness of gingival colors. The general tendency was that a high hemoglobin index was attended with the low brightness and, inversely, a low hemoglobin index with the high brightness.6. Similarly, the fluctuationsin the blood volume index were found to have much bearings on the hue and value of gingival colors. That is, the blood with large erythrocytes had a dominance of red, while the blood with small erythrocytes had a dominance of yellow. In terms of values, the former was found to he highly colored than the latter when the two were compared.


This study investigated the mode of inheritance of purple pigmentation on the shoot of Ocimum tenuiflorum morphotypes found growing in South Western Nigeria. Intraspecific hybridization involving the three morphotypes (i.e. green, very light purple and deep purple morphotypes) were carried out. The F1 plants obtained from each reciprocal crosses segregated into different shades of purple plants and a green plant at different ratios. A new morphotype with light purple pigmentation was observed at the F1 generation from a cross between the green and the deep purple morphotype. The light purple morphotype obtained segregated back into the four morphotypes at the F2 generation when selfed. It was concluded that the inheritance pattern of purple pigmentation in O. tenuiflorum followed the duplicate gene interaction with dosage effect.


Alloys with a small amount of iron dissolved in α-titanium are known to have superconducting transition temperatures (TC) up to ∼3.5 K which are higher than that expected from the density of states. The origin of this enhancement still remains unanswered in spite of extensive theoretical and experimental studies. We show here with the help of x-ray diffraction, metallography, resistivity and heat capacity measurements as well as the calculation of density of states that the internal strain developed during rapid cooling of the sample from the high temperature β-phase is responsible for the anomalous high value of TC = 3.3 K in the arc melted Ti0.97Fe0.03 alloy. The relaxation of the lattice by expelling a large amount of iron from the α-phase in the equilibrium state lowers the TC below 2.4 K when the Ti0.97Fe0.03 sample is annealed inside the α-phase. These results indicate that the superconductivity in Ti1−xFex alloys is mostly confined to the α-phase.


Objective To discuss of the application of 2% Chlorhexidine lubricating catheter for prevention of catheter-as sociated urinary tract infection.Methods Ninety six patients with indwelling catheter were randomly divided into experiment group and control group using a prospective,randomized controlled analysis method.Patients in experiment group adopted closed drainage with the catheter lubricated by 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate and urine bag according to the aseptic operation principle;control group placed catheter closed drainage urine bag according to the aseptic operation principle and collected specimen at regular intervals for germiculture.Results The positive rates of bacterial culture 3,7,10 days after the retention catheterization in control group were 16.67%,37.50% and 54.17% respectively;and that of experiment group were 2.08%,6.25% and 10.42% respectively.The positive rate of bacterial culture of control group was higher than that of experiment group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion Lubricating catheter by 2% Chorhexidine for catheterization can effectively prevent the bacteria from getting through the urethra surrounding mucosa and into the bladder by the outside of ureter,and it is an effective and simple method to prevent early urinary tract infection.


Tailored immobilized lipases from Candida antarctica B and Pseudomonas fluorescens, with improved thermal and operational stability, were prepared through fine tuning of the structure of the sol–gel matrix, using various binary or ternary precursor mixtures for the EKR of various chiral heteroaromatic secondary alcohols with benzofuran, benzo[b]thiophen, phenothiazine and 2-phenylthiazol moieties. The operational stability in batch process was studied for five selected systems by performing reuse experiments, using the conversion, enantiomeric excesses and enantiomeric ratio as parameters, demonstrating the dependence of the sol–gel lipase preparate performance on the structure of both biocatalyst and substrate. The resolution of the benzofuranic substrates with the best performing biocatalysts was studied in continuous-flow mode, using the productivity as a criterion. The specific reaction rates under continuous-flow operation (rflow) were higher than those obtained in batch mode (rbatch) in both cases, sustaining its usefulness for further process development.


The number of females elected to leadership positions is smaller as compared to males. This phenomenon happens not only among developing countries, but also in developed countries. Many reasons are identified as barriers such as the limited access to education for women. Lately, in Malaysia, the total number of female is more than male students in the higher education institutions, reaching to a proportion of 70:30. Does this means that the total number of female students elected as leaders has also increased? This article will explore the position of female students in student associations at one of the public university in Malaysia. Data is collected through document analysis, focused group interviews and in-depth interviews with relevant students involved in associations. The questions that need to be answered are: how many female students are directly involved with associations? What are their posts? What are the supporting and preventive factors, as well as the challenges they faced? The analysis shows that while many female students are elected as association representatives, the number who holds the post of President is disappointing. They also have to face similar challenges and obstacles as faced by women in the work setting. Based on the findings, a few recommendations are forwarded to assist students in improving their leadership skills.


Space or gap existing in the midline of the dental arch is termed as Midline Diastema. Maxillary midline diastemas are a common esthetic problem. The importance of the presence of a maxillary midline diastema resides in its position and the concern it causes to patients. The need for treatment is mainly attributed to esthetic and psychological reasons, rather than functional ones. It is important to understand the cause of the particular condition in order to undertake its proper treatment. This paper reviews different treatment techniques to manage the situation and presents two cases with midline diastema.


On the basis of the development and application requirements of flexible DC transmission techniques, a 1 kA/10 kV half-bridge IGBT press-pack module is studied. The module is composed of three subunits in series, and each subunit consists of IGBT chips in parallel. In order to solve the problem of chips failure caused by non-uniform rigid-contacting pressure in the press-pack modules, the elastic-contacting structure is designed to ensure excellent electrical connection between chips and contact terminal. During the operating conditions, the heat generated by IGBT chips can induce the increasing of internal temperature of the module, affecting the reliability of the module. A cooling structure is introduced between the subunits to solve the heat dissipation problem of the module. In addition, the thermal analysis of subunit and the cooling structure is performed by using the finite element simulation, and the chip layout and water-cooling scheme are optimized. The testing of electrical parameters of the IGBT module is also conducted.


This paper reviewed the research progress on molecular marker of genes resistant to tomato yellow leaf curl disease,and put forward the application and future development orientation of the molecular markers in disease resistance of tomato breeding.


The Tokyo War Crimes Trial's French Justice Bernard and his Dissenting Judgment, Jean Esmein. ; Justice Roling of The Nederlands, who had been sitting in the judgment tribune close to Henri Bernard at the IMTFE, has said in his interviews, when The Tokyo Trial and Beyond was written, that thinking the Memorandum of Dissent of the Honourable Mr Justice Bernard over in the forty years after the trial, he had corne to esteem more and more his insight. Yet the french Indictment in Tokyo has not been much analysed until now, and the personality of the french representative at the IMTFE is still less known. This article tries to give an account of the action and afterthoughts of the french party.


The robot path planning under unknown plane environments is reviewed from an energy-consuming viewpoint,and a novel path planning algorithm based on the local minimum energy is proposed.The energy-consuming models in different places are built through a probability approach;at the same time,a local energy-consuming function is designed based on the mini-energy path planning technique in terrain to find the local optimal path.The results of the simulation indicate that the given algorithm is feasible and has a robust adaptive ability;even under very complex environments it can reach the goal properly.


Optically active 2-hydroxymethyl-1, 4-dihydropyridines were obtained by lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis or transesterification of racemic materials. Chiral NB 818 and nilvadipine have been synthesized from chiral 2-hydroxymethyl-1, 4-dihydropyridine. On the other hand, chiral 1, 4-dihydropyridines obtained from prochiral substrates have been converted into (S)-NB 818 and (R)-nilvadipine via regioselective bromination of methyl groups under mild conditions.


In Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Service Function Chain (SFC) is composed of Virtual Network Function (VNF) nodes that are chained via VNF links. SFCs can be specified as unidirectional or bidirectional. A unidirectional SFC (u-SFC) demands the traffic being forwarded via the VNFs in one direction, while a bidirectional SFC (b-SFC) requires bidirectional traffic flows. In this paper, for the first time, we investigate the problem of how to efficiently deploy a hybrid SFC (h-SFC), whereas some VNF nodes are required to process bidirectional traffic while others only handle unidirectional traffic. We define a new problem called hybrid SFC Deployment (h-SFCD). When each substrate node provides one unique VNF, we prove the NP-hardness of the h-SFCD problem and propose an approximate algorithm, namely, 2-approximation Hybrid Service function chain Deployment in Unique function networks (2-HSD-U). Our experimental results show that the proposed 2-HSD-U algorithm significantly outperforms the heuristic algorithm based on the traditional Nearest-Neighbor technique.


SUMMARY A mathematical model for the interdemand time at the first station of a production line with stochastic service times is presented. Production rate is expressed as the reciprocal of mean interdemand time. The analysis is not restricted to the assumption of exponentially distributed service times. General solutions for the distribution of interdemand time are derived for two and three work stations. For any number of work stations a lower bound on production rate is presented graphically. It is shown that production rates obtained with exponentially distributed service times are unrealistically low


Degradation of water quality from agricultural sources is a critical concern for both surface and ground waters in the United States. Nutrient (nitrate) management on the farm can reduce agricultural non-point pollution. Practical and operational solutions to ground water contamination problems will require consideration of contrasting environmental differences within fields. One difficulty in designing leaching models is that when a model successfully simulates a particular profile, it may not be representative of the overall field situation due to spatial and/or temporal variability. The objectives of this study were to: I) characterize the spatial variability of nitrate and bromide leaching; .2) test the leaching prediction capabilities of several soil, soil water, and terrain attributes that singly, or in combination, represent the spatial distribution of soils and microclimate in a farm field under uniform application of nitrogen and bromide; and 3) determine if a topographically-derived wetness index is correlated with field-measured soil water content. Nitrogen was applied by the farmer in the course of normal field management and potassium bromide was uniformly applied to small areas at 70 selected sites. Soil samples were collected at each site to a maximum depth of 180 cm every spring and fall for three years (two cropped, one fallow). Small spatial variability in soil water (to 25 cm, 100 cm and 150 cm depths) was measured. It is possible that the thick, permeable, loess-derived soils capture and retain precipitation from rainfall and melting snow without significant lateral distribution in the landscape. The observed variability in solute concentrations was also small and less than reported in other field studies. The spatial variability of bromide increased over time indicating that movement (leaching) differences may be expressed slowly. Paired t-tests and correlation analyses indicated that the spatial behavior patterns of nitrogen and bromide were similar in only two of five time periods. Three types of leaching indices were calculated for both nitrogen and bromide. Stepwise multiple regression analysis occasionally showed some promise, but the results were not consistent. None of the three index types produced results more reliable or consistent than the other two. Exclusion of sites within an ephemeral stream channel also did not produce substantially or consistently better results. Overall, nitrogen leaching indices produced slightly stronger relationships with the environmental factors than bromide indices.. Correlation analysis indicated that wetness indices at two scales (2 m and 10 m) were moderately correlated to one another and to the thickness of the mollic horizon. Neither the wetness indices or thickness of mollic horizon were correlated to either season average measured water content or average measured water content from June of each year. These results reiterate the difficulties that are encountered in trying to understand (predict) the interrelationships between environment, nitrogen leaching, and potential contamination of ground water.


This dissertation is linked to the Postgraduate Program in Contemporary Education, from the Centro Academico do Agreste of the Federal University of Pernambuco, in the Education, State and Diversity Research Line. It is the result of an investigation that had as objective to study the way in which the memories corroborate with the identity constructions from the educative practice experienced in the quilombola school. Our theoretical foundation was guided by postcolonial studies, counting on the contribution of thinkers such as Anibal Quijano, Walter Mignolo, Enrique Dussel, Nelson Maldonado-Torres, Fidel Tubino, among other contributions. We also discussed the identity constructions in the light of Frantz Fanon, Stuart Hall and Kabengele Munanga. From the perspective of these established theorists in each specific area, we discuss the influences of the colonial legacy and the colonialities regarding the conception of the quilombola identities, in this context, therefore, the relation of these colonial structures with the homogenization and universalization of the educative process realized in the School context of quilombola communities. Still on the conception of identities, we use memory as a source of promotion and appreciation of the sense of belonging to quilombola history and culture, for which we count on Paul Ricoeur, Joel Candau, among others. Within the scope of discussions of educational practices we rely on the understandings mainly of Joao Francisco de Sousa and Paulo Freire. In the methodological question we use the qualitative approach for the investigation, with exploratory and explanatory characteristics. Our analytical course was guided in terms of the Extended Case Method, as defined by Boaventura de Sousa Santos. The data collection was performed in the quilombo community of Castainho and in the Virgilia Garcia Bessa Municipal School, both located in the municipality of Garanhuns in the southern hinterland of Pernambuco, through participant observation, informal conversations and semi-structured interviews, with Three different groups, quantifying in fifteen subjects of the research, among them: the elderly quilombolas, the young people and children enrolled in the community school and professionals of that school, providing us with our source of information. Our final considerations point to an educational process alien to the historical and socio-cultural specificities of African, Afro-descendant and Quilombola roots. In the question of identity, we perceive the conflict in the identity conception of quilombola youths and children inserted in the school institution of the community, in this way they constitute a universe of social and racial segregation. On the memory, we note the importance of this for the preservation and perpetuation of the epistemes of the black population, as well as, as an encouragement of identity. Within the scope of the Virgilia Garcia Bessa Municipal School and educational practice, we also noticed the absence of specific curricular guidelines for quilombola communities. In these terms, the educational process does not contribute effectively to the breakdown of the historical conditions that subordinate the black population in Brazilian territory, this reality provokes a series of conflicts, from the curricular proposals to the very recognition of the young people and children as quilombolas.


In this paper are presented the principles for selecting a coordinates measuring machine in order to accomplish the requirements of the workshop or laboratory where it is used. The present work is structured on two parts according the below presented structure. In the first part are presented the usually criteria for the selection of this machine type, the verification of the measuring uncertainty, the tolerances of the measurements and some final considerations. In the second part is presented the practical realization of two acceptance tests, made on the coordinates measuring machine. The conclusions obtained based on these tests allow to sentence that the coordinates measuring machine functions at the parameters provided by supplier and still may be used for the research work, fully assuring the precision and accuracy demanded by this activity type.


It is well documented that measures of exercise capacity and physical performance are impaired in people with ESRD who are undergoing maintenance dialysis therapy.[1][1]–[3][2] Several studies have also described impaired exercise capacity in CKD patients who have lesser degrees of reduced GFR,


The ageing population has significant implications for urban and regional planning in a wide range of areas. Urban planning and policies need to focus on developing the environments which contribute to the health and wellbeing of older people while accommodating their varying needs and requirements. Social health is a main component of the overall health and wellbeing of older people, and this has not received enough research attention in the urban and planning literature. Social health refers to social relationships at different levels, from home to society. When people age they are more prone to health-related concerns, including mobility limitations. As a result, they are more likely to spend a substantial amount of their outdoor time in their neighbourhood environment and to socially engage with fellow residents in the neighbourhood. The social relationship at a neighbourhood level, known as neighbourhood social life, is thus an important component of the social health of older people, which in turn contributes to the overall health and wellbeing of this age cohort.


In a cellular CDMA system, the received powers from mobiles that are close to the base station form a dominant factor in the interference presented to mobiles that are farther away. Conventional power control techniques try to eliminate this problem by maintaining equal received powers for all users. However, recent research has produced successive interference cancellation schemes that rely on controlled disparities between the powers of users. In this work, we study capacity gains in cellular CDMA from ideal successive interference cancellation. Our studies show that power control with disparate powers can approximately double the capacity when compared with a conventional system. The idea of disparities among users also appears naturally when diierent users can transmit at diierent rates. We study the capacity regions for the multi-rate case under equal power control and disparate power control.


Aim To investigate expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in normal human tissues and tumor samples.Methods Expression of BCRP was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in normal human tissues and tumor samples.Results Our semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed higher levels of BCRP mRNA in placental and liver tissues with lower levels in colon, small intestine, stomach, breast and kidney, undetectable levels in pancreas, spleen, peripheral-blood leukocytes and ovary. Positive expression of BCRP mRNA in 5 cases (25%) of breast carcinoma, negative expression in gastric carcinoma.Conclusion Expression of BCRP can be detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in some normal human tissues and breast carcinoma.


Abstract In Canada in 1993, Karla Homolka was convicted of two counts of manslaughter in an Ontario court after entering into a plea bargain, which led to a reduced charge and sentence in return for her testimony against her husband, Paul Bernardo. Following her highly publicized trial, Karla Homolka was sentenced to twelve years in prison. Two years later, Paul Bernardo was declared a dangerous offender and was condemned to life imprisonment, for the murders of Leslie Mahaffy and Kristen French. Karla Homolka was initially presented as a battered woman fearing for her life; however, this construction changed during the legal proceedings. This article examines the dichotomous construction of endangerment and dangerousness as applied to the socio-legal construction of Karla Homolka. Three data sources were used: the trial transcripts from Karla Homolka's plea agreement, Homolka's examination In Chief, cross-examination, and re-examination at Paul Bernardo's trial, and the Report to the Attorney General of Ontario on Certain Matters Relating to Karla Homolka. Homolka has been portrayed as representative of both the mythical depiction of the overtly dangerous and/or violent woman and as a woman in danger. This dichotomy of in danger and dangerous, modulates our understanding of Homolka, and ultimately lends to the creation of an even more extreme characterization, that of the sexually violent female predator. This article chronicles the evolution of our understanding of Homolka as a woman in danger and as a figure of dangerousness.


The method of Pade approximants is applied to the high-temperature series for the susceptibility of the Heisenberg and pair-product models. It is concluded that in both cases the susceptibilities diverge as χ 0 ∝|T-T c | -γ , where γ is nearly \(\frac{4}{3}\) in three dimensions.


To solve the conflict between TCP accelerating technology based on PEP middle node and IPSec protocol used in the Satellite Network, NASA and the Hughes Research Laboratory (HRL) each independently proposed a solution named Multilayer IPsec protocol which can integrate IPSec with TCP PEPs. The problem is: Traditional IKE protocol can't work with Multilayer IPSec protocol. In this study, the traditional IKE main mode and quick mode are enhanced for layered IPSec protocol, and an improved layered key distribution protocol: ML-IKE is proposed. This key distribution protocol is used for key exchange between peers and middle node, so that different nodes have different security associations (SA), and different security associations correspond to different IP packet fields, so different SA nodes have different authorization to different IP packet fields. ML-IKE protocol is suitable for layered IPSec, thus layered IPSec can be used for automatic key distribution and update.


Routine structural deformation surveys of large structures are essential in disaster prevention with many other environmental and economical benefits. For example, large oil-storage tanks in Venezuela must be routinely surveyed to monitor the deformation, stability, shape, and overall integrity of each tank. The Canadian Centre for Geodetic Engineering at the University of New Brunswick has developed the ALERT software package to perform fully automated monitoring of displacements of targeted points using a robotic total station. However, the current version of ALERT is not capable of performing surveys in cases where placing target prisms on the surface of the structure is either impossible or uneconomical. This research proposal outlines the development of the methodology and software for a system to perform semi-automated structural deformation monitoring using a reflectorless robotic total station in such cases. The proposed monitoring method will greatly reduce labor costs and increase efficiency by reducing the time required to collect, verify, and process data. Bringing GPS into Harsh Environments for Fully Automated Deformation Monitoring Jason Bond Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, N.B. Canada, E3B 5A3 Email: email@example.com


A coordination complex of [Cu(bpb)0.5(CH3COO)2]n (bpb=1,4-bis(pyridine-3-aminomethyl)benzene) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, TG and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in triclinic with space group P1, a=0.771 98(15) nm, b=0.827 62(17) nm, c=1.116 0(2) nm, α=96.71(3)°, β=90.03(3)°, γ=105.39(3)°, and V=0.682 4(3) nm3, Z=2, R=0.042 4, wR=0.091 1. The title complex is composed of dicopper tetracarboxylate units. Copper(Ⅱ) atom asumes a square-pyramidal coordination geometry formed with one pyridyl N atom from bpb and four O atoms from four bridging acetate anions. Two adjacent dicopper tetracarboxylate units are linked into a 1D chain by the bpb ligands, which were further connected by inter-chain hydrogen bonds to form a 2D network structure.


The aging stage is one of the most age-related stages in which man predicts his nearness, which is generally characterized by a kind of physiological and psychological disorder, which is characterized by indolence, helplessness, isolation, sadness and great emptiness. As the coldness of vitality and effectiveness of life gives a sense of sadness and despair for the elderly, especially when he feels the difference of changes that occur with the passage of time and at all levels and fields may be one of the most severe of these variables and the most sad and isolated is the lack of interaction with the family and community that lives It is in him (25: 8) (41:16) And that among the reasons which leading to the depression of the elderly are those related to the changes in physiological and functional, which occur at this age (60-70) years and taking a negative regression line in the functional processes of the various organs of the body. (58:14) (55:22) Despite the importance of sports for all ages, which is confirmed by the results of research and studies all the time, many are looking As a kind of well-being, and few who take a lifestyle and continue to exercise regularly and despite their importance to everyone, the exercise For older people take special importance and become a necessity to be cared for for a better life for the elderly. (22:23) (95:17) One of the major problems that experienced by older people is their loss of self-reliance and exercise Regularly sports and get an appropriate degree of fitness can seniors meet their daily needs without The need to help someone Contrary to popular belief that exercise is not suitable for individuals in the large age Due to the decline of their physical strength and increased vulnerability They are injured during exercise (74:11) Depression is a medical, psychological and social problem. From a medical point of view, depression is part of a multi-instrumental system, which is reflected in the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. (74: 1) (55:15)


With the rapid economic development, China's technological level has been greatly improved, especially the Internet industry. In order to allow themselves to have a larger market share and stronger competitiveness, Internet companies often carry out mergers and acquisitions of Internet companies. However, because Internet companies are very different from traditional companies, this often leads to Internet companies that often have audit risks that are different from traditional corporate M & A. This article mainly discusses the risks of Internet enterprise mergers and acquisitions and studies their control measures.


In 1974, Shah and Rathie defined and studied a generalized-F density function (GFSR). This paper deals with this density and obtain its distribution function, mode, moments, reliability function P(X < Y ) when X ∼ Dagum and Y ∼ GFSR are independent, order statistics, Marshall-Olkin-Shah-Rathie distribution, and generalized gamma and beta-generated distributions. Maximum likelihood estimates are derived and applied to three real problems involving (a) Failure times of the air conditioning system, (b) Failure times of the Kevlar 49/epoxy strands with preasure of 90%, and (c) Bladder cancer patients data. The results show that the GFRS distribution is a good proposal for modeling these data sets.


• Around 50 million people have dementia worldwide with nearly 10 million new cases every year1 • Hearing impairment accounts for 9% of the predictive power of all risk factors associated with the development of dementia1 • Hearing loss is proposed as a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia in midlife1 • Even mild levels of hearing loss increase the long-term risk of cognitive decline and dementia in individuals who are cognitively intact but hearing impaired at baseline.2 • The mechanism underlying cognitive decline associated with peripheral hearing loss is not fully clear1


The articleexamines the content of the concept of regenerative economy. The author's vision of therelationshipbetween the concepts of "circulareconomy"and"regenerativeeconomy" is presented. Theprinciples of regenerative economy areanalyzed. It is proposed todevelop a meaningful content of theprinciple of environmental friendlinessandto conduct research on implementingthe principleswith thehelp of mechanisms of state influence. The practices of implementing the principles or regenerativeeconomy arepresented. TheNationalEconomicStrategy for the perioduntil 2030 is analyzedand the implementation perspective is revealed.


Copyright: 2014 The PLOS ONE Staff. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Figure 8. Bacterial load in the lungs of BALB/c mice 45 days after Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Ninety days after immunization, three mice from each group (control, BCG and rBCGCMX) were challenged with 10 CFU of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv intravenously into the orbital sinus plexus. One additional group of animals received a booster of rCMX/CPG DNA, 30 days after rBCGCMX vaccination and challenged with Mtb 30 days post the immunization (rBCG-CMX+CMX). Forty-five days after challenge, mice were euthanized and the anterior and mediastinal right lung lobes were collected, homogenized, and plated on Middlebrook 7H11agar supplemented with OADC to determine the bacterial load by counting the number of CFU. * Significant differences between infected (control) and vaccinated groups. # Significant differences between rBCG-CMX and rBCG-CMX+CMX groups. | Significant differences between rBCGCMX and BCG groups analyzed by t test (p,0.05). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112848.g001


Currently a few captive elephants are used in tourism business but most are out of work. Consequently the owners need help to provide health care for their elephants. Therefore, Myanma Timber Enterprise collaborated with international NGOs to set up Mobile Elephant Clinic. There are three mobile elephant clinics in Myanma Timber Enterprise, which provide care for state owned as well as private elephants. The Mobile Elephant Clinic teams do regular trips to elephant camps to conduct health checkups, provide medication to sick and injurious elephants, de-worming and vaccination. Additionally training of mahouts in foot care of elephants is also done.


Top Right: formation model of BSG mounds based on Ni study Bottom Right: formation model of ASG mounds based on Ni study Why? • What are the different types of FLSP structures on Ti? • Physical evidence needed for FLSP formation models • Optimize FLSP of Ti for biomedical & other applications How? • Obtain evidence of mound growth processes by examining underlying microstructure • Utilize dual beam Scanning Electron Microscope-Focused Ion Beam instrument to cross section surface structures & fabricate transmission electron microscopy samples


Objective — Understanding intercultural, regional and interracial differences in blood pressure and anthropometric indices may help to determine the contributors of mortality from coronary artery disease in different populations. Design and setting — In this article we used data collected from two different countries: (a) Survey on school children from Istanbul, Turkey, (b) Cross Sectional Study of Albanian school children. Results —We compared age- and gender-matched Albanian and Turkish children and adolescents (age 11-12 y and 15-17 y) living in 2 different countries with regard to blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip (WHpR) and waistto-height (WHtR) ratio.We observed significant differences in blood pressure, BMI and other anthropometric indices among age- and gender-matched subjects from the two countries. Birthweight was lower among Turkish children and adolescents compared to Albanian subjects (3258 vs. 3510 g, P < 0.01).Turkish children had lower BMI and WHtR compared to Albanian children, while adolescents displayed similar BMI and WHtR. Paradoxically, Turkish children and adolescents displayed higher systolic blood pressures compared to Albanian children and adolescents. Significant differences were observed in the dietary intake and physical activity, which may partially explain the differences in blood pressure and anthropometric indices. Conclusions —The socio-economic, dietary and physical activity status may account for significant differences in blood pressure and anthropometric indices of children and adolescents living in two different countries. Future studies should focus on the ethnic differences in the definition and prevention of cardiovascular risks among children and adolescents.


neers (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1962), pp. 256-272 and 304-308. 4 Sokolnikoff, I. S., Mathematical Theory of Elasticity (McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York, 1956), pp. 398-399. 5 Becker, R. A., Introduction to Theoretical Mechanics (McGY&wHill Book Company Inc., New York, 1954), pp. 73-85. 6 Dean, D. L., "Static and dynamic analysis of guy cables," J. Struct. Div., Am. Soc. Civil Engrs. 87, 2703 (1961). 7 Weisbach, J., Mechanics of Engineering (D. Van Nostrand Company Inc., New York, 1878), pp. 280-309. 8 Rowe, C. E. and McFarlarid, J. D., Engineering Descriptive Geometry (D. Van Nostrand Company Inc., New York, 1953), pp. 143-155. 9 Timoshenko, S. P. and Gere, J. M., Theory of Elastic Stability (McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York, 1961), pp. 457519 and 278-318. 10 Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Technical Symposium, Filament Structures Technology, New Mexico Section of ASME and the University of New Mexico (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1965). 11 Gerard, G., "Aerospace pressure vessel design synthesis," NASA CR-287( 1965). 12 "A comparative properties analysis," Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corp. (1964). 13 Marzocchi, A. and Henderson, R. G., "Properties and use of glass fibers in plastics and rubber applications," American Society of Mechanical Engineers 64-WA/RP-5 (1964). 14 Goldberg, J. E. and Meyers, V. J., "A study of guyed towers," J. Struct. Div., Am. Soc. Civil Engrs. 91, 4438 (1965). 15 Elms, D. G., Billington, D. P., and Mark, R., "Stresses in hyperboloids under edge loadings," Mech. Div., Am. Soc. Civil Engrs. 91, 4441 (1965).


Abstract During the past year cases of high chick mortality during the first week of life have been reported with increasing frequency at the New Jersey Poultry Diagnostic Laboratory in New Brunswick. Symptoms of disorder included general listlessness and weakness that suggested a possible B vitamin deficiency. Hatchability was reportedly excellent and no signs of pathogenicity could be detected in the affected birds. In view of the recent increase in the number of such cases, a report of the following case history was thought to be of interest. Day-old chicks were brought to our laboratory by a Pennsylvania hatcheryman who was losing 10–15 percent of all chicks hatched during the first few days after hatching. Since no pathogens could be detected, it was decided to study vitamin treatment of afflicted birds. The hatcher co-operated in supplying fifty birds which he considered representative and these were divided at random into two groups… .


addressed. Such an analysis of the migration trends in Central and Eastern Europe toward Western Europe aims at: distinguishing the specific characteristics and extent of migratory pressures in each country of origin in order to determine which international cooperation can be implemented; identifying the economic and sociopolitical effects in Western European countries in order to measure the pull factors and the immigration capacity of each major receiving country; and, in order to define future policy measures on both sides, informing policymakers in Eastern and Western Europe about the way in which migration is being approached in other countries. Part II focuses on the new migratory fronts in Poland, the Baltic States, Hungary, Russia, CIS, the former Yugoslavia, and the former Czechoslovakia in order to differentiate the relevance of each national flow. The national case studies insist on the heterogeneity of the migratory phenomena and pressures, illustrated by numerous data. Part III looks at the policy implications of new East-West migrations from the perspective of Western European receiving countries because East-West migration, more than south-north, is partly governed by the policies of receiving countries. An analysis of the migration capacity of major European states focuses on Austria, Germany and Italy as main destinations, compared to Switzerland, EITA countries, or the United Kingdom. France isabsent from the monograph. Part IV relates East-West migration to the southern flow and analyses the impact of combined East-West and South-North flows on Western Europe in the prospect of a common European policy. It then develops the main elements of a policy to deal with East-West migration in the future. It distinguishes between safe and unsafe countries, focusing on the features of this new migration from the East compared with traditional migrations from the South. The full phenomenon of East-West migration cannot yet be quantified; there is a necessity for a greater coordination of national immigration policies, including those of some Eastern countries which have become countries of immigration (Hungary, Poland). A cooperative development must be implemented including debates on quotas, regulated openness, and policy on asylum seekers. The key issue is how national policies on East-West migration will affect the European common and long-range migration policy. This book is a very useful reference synthesis of most of the questions raised since 1989 regarding East-West migrations to Europe.


Expressions are provided which enable the frictional force on the reference spherical droplet to be computed for the particular case when two spherical droplets move in a direction perpendicular to their line of centers symmetrically placed about the axis of a circular cylinder. Results for this motion are also expressed in terms of the ratio of frictional forces experienced by 1) a droplet of arbitrary shape in a bounded fluid with another droplet and 2) the droplet now moving alone with the same speed and orientation in the same but unbounded fluid.


The multidimensional exponential Levy equations are used to describe many stochastic phenomena such as market fluctuations. Unfortunately in practice an exact solution does not exist for these equations. This motivates us to propose a numerical solution for n-dimensional exponential Levy equations by block pulse functions. We compute the jump integral of each block pulse function and present a Poisson operational matrix. Then we reduce our equation to a linear lower triangular system by constant, Wiener and Poisson operational matrices. Finally using the forward substitution method, we obtain an approximate answer with the convergence rate of O(h). Moreover, we illustrate the accuracy of the proposed method with a 95% confidence interval by some numerical examples.


This paper addresses the problem of improving efficiency of software implemented fault injection experiments. It is especially focused on the problem of collecting program execution statistics. The classical SWIFI depends on operating system's debugging API. We introduce a new method which is based on Qemu—a versatile processor emulator. By altering Qemu's dynamic code translation procedure we are able to collect execution statistics significantly faster than in the classical solutions. The achieved performance gain is illustrated with experimental results.


Since high-strength material and thin wall structure are widely used now,the stability question become more and more important in the high pillar continuous bridge. Two issues related to the stability of high pillar continuous bridge are introduced and discussed . Based on finite element computational method,the entire process analysis to the Xinjiang Sailimu lake to Guozi ditch section for the continuous bridge many kinds of operating mode stability and the comparison to the analysis result have been carried on.The conclusion obtained may supply the engineering design and the construction reference.


PURPOSE: To obtain polyester molded parts having excellent bending strength, cracking resistance and solvent resistance prepared from macrocyclic polyester oligomers as a starting material. CONSTITUTION: The crystallinity is controlled by including (B) a second poly(alkylene dicarboxylate) in (A) macrocyclic polyester oligomers and suppressing the heat of fusion to 60 J/g or below. The polyester compositions are converted into polyesters with excellent integrity in the presence of a polymerization catalyst such as tin system. As (B) components, poly(ethylene isophthalate) and poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) are preferable and 8 to 25 mole % are adequate. The compositions can be employed as a reinforcing composite material by impregnating in glass fibers, or the like. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the flexural performance of RC beam strengthened with u-shaped ferrocement wrapping and inter-surface locking. Total 12 numbers of RC beams were prepared and tested under third point loading. Three options viz. (i) u-shaped ferrocement wrapping with inherent cementitious bonding, (ii) u-shaped ferrocement wrapping with epoxy bonding and (iii) u-shaped ferrocement wrapping with epoxy and screw bonding were explored for strengthening of RC beam. The first cracking load, load–deflection behaviour, stiffness, energy absorption and the crack patterns were compared between the control and strengthened beams. It was found that the u-shaped ferrocement wrapping with inherent cementitious bonding increases the average flexural capacity up to 19.17% which further increased up to 41.29% by improving the inter-surface locking between the ferrocement layer and the original beam surfaces. The strengthened beam gave up to 35.58% less deformation for the same load compared to the control beam when the inter-surface locking was improved by applying epoxy and screw together. On the other hand, a significant improvement in stiffness and energy absorption capacity was obtained through strengthening with various inter-surface locking. At the maximum test load, all beams showed flexural cracks without any sign of debonding of ferrocement. From this study it could be concluded that u-shaped ferrocement wrapping effectively enhances the flexural capacity of RC beam and this could be further increased by improving the inter-surface locking between ferrocement wrapping and original concrete surface of RC beam.


Introduction: Rondon Project is a project of social integration coordinated by The Defense Ministry, which counts with the collaboration of several ministries and the Army support. The project involve voluntary activities from university students and looking for get thus students close to the country reality, and also to contribute for the development of helped communities. The Paulista State University, through the Extension Pro Rectory (PROEX), have been participating actively, sending work proposes, presented for teachers form several campus and have been trying to attend the Set of actions A and B (A: citizenship and welfare, B: sustainable local development and public administration). Objective: To evidence, analyze, evaluate, develop and execute actions that attend the real necessities of the inserted Brazilian localities in the Operation Amazonia 2006, aiming at, also, to contribute, integrate, consolidate and stimulate the young Brazilian university student, in the direction of the social and collective responsibility, in favor of the citizenship, of the development of the defense of the national interests in partnerships with the attended communities. Methodological Procedures: For the accomplishment of this, we use articulated and integrated of the quantitative and qualitative boardings and research of survey. Results: Actions (lectures, workshops, courses, mini-courses and practical lessons) in the following areas had been developed: Education; Environment: Health and Odontology. These actions had enclosed a total of 926 people of the community of Jordao-AC and of this total they had been enabled as multiplying an approach total of 55 people. Conclusion: The actions carried through in the city of Jordao in the State of Acre, in the year of 2006, propitiated, to our students, chance to place in practical the knowledge acquired in the University and as consequence took development for the devoid communities. No in case that specific, the actions of the Set, referring the citizenship and welfare developed in Jordao-AC, had cheated in success, has seen the importance and relevance of the boarded subjects, the participation of the local community and the expressive number of multipliers that if had enabled during ours intervention


The utility model relates to a lock core, in particular provides a wolf tooth key lock core. The lock core comprises a lock liner case; a lock liner is arranged in the lock liner case; a seal sheet is fixed in the lock liner case above the lock liner; the lower part of the seal sheet is connected with a figure sheet which is inserted in the lock liner; a spring is arranged in a spring blind hole on one side of the lock liner; the end part of the spring is connected with a lock piece which is provided with a steel bead; a J-shaped key hole is arranged in front of the lock liner; and J-shaped key is inserted into the J-shaped key hole. Compared with the prior art, the wolf tooth key lock core has the characteristics of reasonable design, compact structure, safe and convenient use, low manufacturing cost, strong technical opening preventing capability and the like.


Abstract The mucus glycoconjugates produced by conjunctival goblet cells in dry‐eye patients were studied by a specific cytochemical reaction in Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Four lectins, proteins of vegetal origin which specifically bind glycosidic residues, (WGA, PNA, SBA and ConA) were used conjugated with colloidal gold as ultrastructural marker. We performed a quantitative analysis by counting the colloidal gold particles present on mucus granules. The results were compared with normal conditions. We found a decrease in sialic acid, N‐acetyl‐glucosamine, N‐acetyl‐galactosamine and galactose‐N‐acetyl‐galacto‐samine and an increase in mannose. The different content of glycoconjugates in goblet cells may reflect in the change of physical and functional properties of mucus. We think these data may be useful in the search for a therapeutic mucomimetic drug.


The paper presents the researches carried out for the determination of the chemical heterogeneity influence of zinc roofing metallic surface on the resistance to atmospheric corrosion. Emphasizing of transformations taking place on the surface and inside the structure of metallic material, distribution, depth and form of corrosive attack, as well as micro-analysis of grain boundary and of adjacent corroded surfaces led to determine the lead influence. It was demonstrated the active role of lead, although it was considered harmless concerning the zinc roofing resistance to atmosphere corrosion, for the initiation and evolution of 2pitting2 corrosion process.


Zooplankton commonly exhibit diel vertical migration (DVM), descending from food‐rich surface waters during the day. If DVM is a tradeoff between avoiding size‐selective visually hunting predators and maximizing energy gain, smaller bodied prey should enter surface waters earlier and leave later than larger, more visually conspicuous organisms. Conventional sampling technologies lack the temporal resolution to test this prediction. Here, we report on the first test of this prediction using a new submersible optical‐acoustic imaging system capable of resolving the timing of migration of the euphausiid crustacean Euphausia pacifica Hansen. Smaller bodied animals consistently ascended as much as 30 min earlier and descended up to 45 min later than adults. The timing of vertical migration reflects how the size‐dependent risk of attack by visual predators alters the tradeoff between feeding and predator avoidance, supporting the predator‐avoidance hypothesis for DVM.


Evaluation on system or software is important thing to do, when developing a software or system. This step will ensures yours developed system or software has high quality in functionality or non-functionality needs. Several methods can be used to evaluate the Augmented Reality application: subjective measurement using human perception or objective measure from observation, or evaluation by expert through cognitive walkthrough, heuristic evaluation, lab observation, and questionnaire. An evaluation is more valid if evaluation was done in multiple methods in order to confirm the result of evaluation.


Onesikritos of Astypalaia (FGrH 134), member of an Aiginetan family already experienced with seafaring and involved with the philosopher Diogenes the Cynic (Figueira 1993), followed Alexander in Asia and wrote – perhaps close to 323 Bce – a work entitled How Alexander was educated, clearly inspired by Xenophon's Cyropaedia.

Keywords:

ancient Greece;
ancient Near East history;
classical civilization;
Greek history;
literature;
maritime history


Detailed tree attributes such as tree height, tree type, diameter at breast height, number of trees are critical for effective management and analysis of the forest. By usage of airborne LiDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) and hyperspectral data, this paper presents individual tree extraction method to get the accurate tree information. SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier was used in hyperspectral data classification for extraction of tree area. Then, we performed PCA (Principal Components Analysis) on the hyperspectral image then segmented the test area with LiDAR nDSM (Normalized Digital Surface Model). The results showed that the fusion data provides better results.


Hydrogen plasma exposures are performed on the (100)-oriented p-type Czochralski silicon wafers. In the case of short-term plasma exposure, nanocrystalline silicon grains are deposited on the substrate surface, while in the case of long-term plasma exposure, pyramidal texturing is created by plasma etching. It is revealed by transmission electron microscopy measurement that there is no interface between the pyramids and the substrate, indicating the pyramids are grown from the bulk. A selective etching and redeposition model is established, which is able to explain the evolution of the surface structures of the silicon wafers during the hydrogen plasma exposure successfully.


Previously the following question was offered by Zariski [6]: Is any normal Noetherian local ring analytically irreducible? In the present note, we will construct a counter-example against the question. TERMINOLOGY. A ring (integrity domain) means always a commutative ring (integrity domain) with identity. A normal ring is an integrity domain which is integrally closed in its field of quotients. When 0 is an integrity domain, the integral closure of 0 in its field of quotients is called the derived normal ring of 0.


Korea Supreme Court has given thirty-nine time's judgments on enforcement of Arbitral awards for thirty-six arbitration cases and made four...


This paper deals with the adaptive detection of moving target for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar in compound Gaussian sea clutter circumstances. A novel detector based on two-step generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) framework is developed by using model and sample selection (MSS) algorithm. Specifically, the type of detector is determined by the model selection (MS) approach according to the minimum of model fitting error using the Anderson-Darling (AD) test, and then the better secondary data are chosen from reference cells based on the samples selection (SS) criterion. Finally, the proposed detector on the basis of MSS algorithm is compared with traditional detectors using the real sea clutter data, i.e., IPIX data. The numerical results indicate that the novel MSS algorithm for detector exhibit more significant performances than the traditional detectors.


Recently we had the opportunity to study intestinal protozoan infection in children in a semi-communal religious group in Los Angeles. The community is predominantly white, lower middle class, each family lives in a separate apartment, but daily activities are communal. Children ages 2 to 5 attend a group day care facility & older children are divided into small closed-school settings.This prospective study was conducted from February to June 1980 to determine the frequency & distribution of parasites in the commune's children & their adult contacts. After completing a demographic, travel & medical questionnaire, the parent was requested to collect three stool specimens for ova & parasites in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) preservative. Stools were processed utilizing formalin-ether sedimentation concentration technique & trichrome-stained smear. Of 273 enrolled subjects, 220 completed the study (136 children & 84 adults). One hundred fifty-three (69%) of the group (74% of children, 51% of adults) had parasites recovered which included Giardia lamblia, Dientamoeba fragilis & Entamoeba histolytica. Six of 7 infants under two years had no parasite recovered. G.lamblia occurred in preschool children; D.fragilis was more frequent in schoolage children. Most infected adults had D.fragilis (72%) recovered. In 30 (60%) of the 50 infected families, two or more members had similar pathogens. Pathogenic intestinal protozoan infection was common in this communal group & may well present a public health problem.


Recently, hydrocarbon contamination of the soils was discovered in the vicinity of the Central Shops (CS) Diesel Storage Facility at the Savannah River Plant (SRP). The contamination is likely the result of the handling and storage of fuel oil, although other potential sources may be present (e.g., a former ''lube and oil change area''). The quantity of leakage/spillage is not known. Efforts to remediate recent documented spills included excavation of contaminated soil and engineering improvements to the facility. A preliminary assessment of the area based on a soil plug and soil gas analysis study has been completed. This study was performed by Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) personnel. The purpose of the study was to screen the site to determine the extent and spatial distribution of hydrocarbon contamination. Two types of samples were included in the study: (1) diesel range hydrocarbons were analyzed in soil plugs collected from 18'' to 24'' deep, and (2) a range of light (C1 to C4) hydrocarbons were analyzed in the free soils gas collected from 24'' to 36'' deep. The diesel hydrocarbons are an indication of direct contamination by fuel while the light hydrocarbons are breakdown products that provide an indication of nearby or deepermore » fuel (the relatively mobile degradation compounds diffuse away from the contaminated area). As currently applied by SRL, soil plug and soil gas surveys are used as a screening tool to identify sites that may require further characterization and to help assure cost effective and technically robust development of these characterizations. 1 ref., 12 figs., 3 tabs.« less


GIS is much more than a tool to be applied case by case to a narrow set of specialized problems. Because of the inherent geographic nature of almost all transportation data, GIS concepts can and should serve as bases for the coherent organization of information structures and systems across the entire range of transportation applications. The Geographic Information Systems(GIS) for Transportation(so called GIS-T), conceived from above mentioned point of view, can be considered as the union of an enhanced Transportation Information Systems(TIS) and an enhanced GIS. In this paper, this kind of GIS-T definition is more illustrated, the necessity of GIS-T emphasized, and the application areas identified - from planning to engineering. Finally, the direction of GIS-T data structure as a premise of successful implementation and application has also been emphasized.


A process at SSAB regenerates waste hydrochloric acid (HCl), from the pickling process, with the spray roasting technique. Waste HCl acid is sprayed into a hot chamber where the water in the dr ...


Polypyrrole/silver chloride (PPy/AgCl) composite nanotubes have been successfully prepared via a reactive self-degrade template. By introducing ammonium peroxysulphate, AgNO3 and pyrrole monomer into the acidic methyl orange solution in sequence, AgCl nanoparticles could be uniformly distributed into the matrix of PPy nanotubes without aggregation in the one-pot reaction. The formation mechanism, morphology and structure of the nanocomposites were studied by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. The presented results suggest that the one-dimensional hollow PPy/AgCl nanocomposites have significant antibacterial activity. The conducting PPy/AgCl nanotube composites may be used to fabricate the antistatic coatings with an antibacterial property in potential applications.


All of the have a negative impact on the filling of the country's which in turn will affect the reduction of government spending in areas other than the macro-financial of the international community be a great the of a significant in this


Background: Chickpea is the second most important pulse crop grown globally, it is damaged by over 50 insect species in different parts of the world, of which gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) poses serious threat to production. Temperature is one of the important abiotic factor influencing the growth and development of an organism, degree day (DD) models are very useful in pest predictions as development of insects and plants is temperature-dependent and can predict the biological phenomenon with greater accuracy.
Methods: H. armigera adult population at different chickpea phenological stages viz., from emergence to maturity stage was assessed using the weather based indices viz., growing degree days (GDD) and heliothermal units (HTU) during rabi 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Results: At different chickpea phenological stages the pest population varied from 0 to 66.3, 0 to 256 and 0 to 124 with respective cumulative population of 148, 555 and 167 male moth catches during three consecutive seasons. Among different phenological stages, highest population was recorded during both pod formation and crop maturity stage during 2015-16 and 2017-18, while in 2016-17 it was maximum during 50 per cent flowering and maturity stage. Among the three seasons, the GDD and cumulative male moth trap catches were found to be highest during 2016-17. The relationship of GDD and HTU with H. armigera was analysed through linear regression and they accounted for 64 and 71 per cent variation respectively in pest population across the seasons. The weather based indices viz., GDD and HTU may thus be useful for predicting H. armigera adult population at different chickpea phenological stages.