The strength of high water content clay stabilized by cement will be related closely with its microscopic structure. So microscopic structure of the stabilized high water content clay was observed by a scanning electron microscope and the pore diameter distribution of the stabilized part was measured by a mercury porosimeter.As the result of the research, following were clarified.1. The strength gain rate of the stabilized soil differed from the cement types. This difference would be made by the shapes and formation time of the reaction products.2. The stabilized clay that was rich in soluble silica producted calcium-silicate hydrate for a long time, and this formation gained the strength of the stabilized soil.3. There was a positive correlation between the strength of the stabilized soil and the content ratio of pores which were under 0.1 μm in diameter in the stabilized soil.


A description of ionic transport in unsaturated porous materials due to gradients in the electro–chemical potential and the moisture content is developed by averaging the relevant microscopic transport equations over a representative volume element. The complete set of equations consists of time-dependent equations for both the concentration of ionic species within the pore solution and the moisture content within the pore space. The electrostatic interactions are assumed to occur instantaneously, and the resulting electrical potential satisfies Poisson's equation. Using the homogenization technique, moisture transport due to both the liquid and vapor phases is shown to obey Richards' equation, and a precise definition of the moisture content is found. The final transport equations contain transport coefficients that can be unambiguously related to experimental quantities. The approach has the advantage of making the distinction between microscopic and bulk quantities explicit. D 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Recently, there has been a growing attention to develop a humanoid robot controller that hopes to move robots closer to real world applications. Several approaches have been proposed to support the learning phase at such a controller, where the robot can gain new knowledge via observation and\or a direct guidance from a human or even another robot. These approaches, however, desire dynamic learning and memorizing techniques, in which, the robot can keep reforming its internal system overtime. Along this line of research, this work therefore, investigates an idea inspired from some assumptions in neuroscience to develop an incremental learning and memory model, we named, a Hierarchical Constructive BackPropagation with Memory (HCBPM). The validity of the model was tested in teaching a humanoid robot a group of names through a natural interaction with human. The experimental results indicate that the robot, with a kind of social learning environment, could reform its own memory, learn different color names, and retrieve these data to teach another user what it had learned.


In order to organize and manage all phases of the application testing process and third-party testing tools,an open test architecture of distributed test system is developed based on the COM(component object model) technology.A configuration tool and COM-based API is used to enable their application to create,retrieve,and update project records within their test application environment.The test code can be used without change when integrating new custom testing tool.So the system's platform owns the ability for secondary development.


Whilst bureaucracy has for much of the last century been the dominant structural configuration within the public sector throughout the western world, the past two decades have seen increasing press...


This paper addresses the problem of designing control schemes for teams of robots engaged in complex highlevel tasks. It presents a method for automatically creating hybrid controllers that ensure that a team of possibly heterogeneous robots satisfies a user-defined high-level task. The proposed approach relaxes constraints on the simultaneous and interleaved motion of the robots, while maintaining constraints on their relative location to guarantee collision-avoidance and prevent deadlock. The approach is demonstrated in the context of a team of robots engaged in sorting objects for recycling.


An acoustic propagation experiment was carried out in the Tyrrhenian Sea in October 1985 in which signals from a broadband source were recorded at a range of 5 km with a vertical 62‐m hydrophone array over a period of 5 days. The experiment, named ''NAPOLI 85,'' was designed to investigate the transfer function of the ocean medium over an acoustic frequency range from 250–2000 Hz as a function of time and position down the vertical array. This paper treats the ocean transfer function in both the time and frequency domains for the lower refracted path. The intensity fluctuations down the array at an acoustic frequency of 1 kHz are presented for the 5 days. Large fluctuations occur simultaneously over the whole extent of the array, and these can be explained by refractive effects in an intrusive layer. There are also weak spatial variations down the array arising from diffractive effects in the layer. The physical mechanisms causing the time variations in the layer are not yet understood.


Management of the forest resources and related activities has significant effects on the environment. Applying the environmental impact assessment (EIA) provides a basis for improving forest management plans. However, in the developing countries such as Iran, there have been so far no serious endeavors and research to undertake the EIA of the various practices affecting the forest resources, despite the enormous negative impacts of forestry practices on environmental quality. Hence, the main objective of the present study was to address the effects of the human activities on forest ecosystem and their consequences, and to assess the environmental quality of Patom Forest Management Plan through the application of landscape degradation model (LDM) and the matrix method. Decision making based on LDM indicated that all compartment of Patom District have high degradation coefficient and need rehabilitating practices. Furthermore, application of the matrix method revealed that forest roads, logging operations, and other activities needed modification and mitigation plans. Also, forestry activities have had 25.8 and 35.5% positive impacts and consequences in contrast with 74.2 and 64.5% negative impact and consequences on the environment. Hence, in order to improve forest management plans and reduce the negative effects of forestry activities in Iran, forest managers should apply environmental impact assessment with quantitative EIA instruments before the design and implementation of the forest management plans and forestry activities.


With respect to the several giants of post-Kantian German philosophy – Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche – developments elsewhere in Europe have often seemed to pale into insignific...


Emirates' reputation is one of impeccable service, consistently high safety standards and operational excellence. Find information on baggage & Checking details here.


Amorphous TN(twisted by 90°) and amorphous highly twisted chiral nematic (N*)(twisted by 300°) are utilized for fabricating TN and GHLCDs, respectively, and furthermore, photopolymer films are utilized for fabricating TNLCD and hybrid aligned N-LCD. These NLC alignment techniques are non-rubbing techniques and they make it possible to overcome the disadvantages of current rubbing technique. An overview of LCDs in Japan is also given.


Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis has the ability to produce green hydrogen with high voltage efficiencies at low capital cost with zero CO2 emissions. The alkaline environment of these devices allows for the use of economical metal catalysts and anion exchange membranes (AEMs) that conduct hydroxide ions and are less expensive than their proton exchange membrane counterparts. However, research has shown that anion contamination of hydroxide exchange membranes can lead to significant performance losses in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), particularly when air fed to the oxygen-reducing cathode contains CO2.1

 A similar contamination effect occurs in anion exchange membrane electrolyzers (AEMELs), when dissolved CO2 in the electrolyte reacts to form carbonate (CO3
 2-) and bicarbonate (HCO3
 2-) anions which compete with the hydroxide (OH-) ions that must be conducted through the AEM and ionomer. The presence of these and other anion contaminants can lower the ionic conductivity of the cell. Under high current density operation, an AEMEL undergoes a self-purging process that uses an ionic potential gradient to push hydroxide and anion contaminants through the membrane to the anode. This creates a significant pH gradient between cathode and anode that can lead to concentration polarization which further lowers performance.2 In this work, we use 1-D CO2 transport modeling and experiments to show how altering the electrolyte feed method allows for CO2-tolerant AEMEL operation in several different electrolytes.
 The unique advantages of AEMELs over AEMFCs and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMELs) are that (1) this self-purge occurs during normal operation, and (2) they allow for flexibility in the location of the potentially contaminated water feed. In PEMELs, water is intuitively fed to the anode, and cation contaminants are purged through the entire MEA to the cathode. Although water in AEMELs is intuitively fed to the cathode, where it is consumed in the hydrogen evolution reaction, water can diffuse easily through the membrane, allowing for it to be fed as an anolyte to the oxygen-evolving side of the cell. This allows for better contaminant rejection because anions can be concentrated mostly on the anode side of the electrolyzer.
 The model described in this paper predicts that an anode-fed AEMEL can more easily purge CO2 without contaminating as much of the AEM or inducing as high of a pH gradient due to more rapid self-purging of anions. We find experimentally that AEMELs with DI water anolyte are more tolerant of forced CO2 contamination than those with DI water catholytes, which is likely one of the major reasons for superior anode-feed performance. Furthermore, electrolyzer operation at high current densities can lead to voltage recoveries greater than 200 mV due to self-purging of anions. Although supporting electrolytes such as potassium hydroxide can mitigate catholyte contamination, the anion self-purging shows that electrolyzer operation in DI water and even tap water (containing fluoride, chloride, and nitrates) can improve when employing an anode feed.
 1. Y. Zheng et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 12, 2806–2819 (2019).
 2. B. P. Setzler, L. Shi, T. Wang, and Y. Yan, in ECS Meeting Abstracts, vol. MA2019-01, p. 1824–1824, IOP Publishing (2019) https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/MA2019-01/34/1824.


Abstract Tests were conducted to determine if electric current applied by electrofishing equipment had an effect on trout egg mortality. Eggs of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to a standardized mechanical shock and to electric current from a backpack electroshocker. To separate the effect of handling from the electroshock effect, one group of control eggs was handled the same as electroshocked eggs, but without exposure to electricity. Another control group was not handled at all. Samples of eggs were exposed to one of the three treatments on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 22, or 26 postfertilization. The shocker output was measured at 0.6 A, pulse was 250 Hz, and the uniform voltage gradient in the exposure chamber was 0.9–1.0 Went. The most sensitive time in the development of the eggs to both mechanical and electrical shock was on day 8 postfertilization when incubated at 10.4°C; treatment at this time resulted in a mortality rate (determined on days 26–27 postfertilization) of 99...


Objective According to the monitoring situation of aquatic products in Shenzhen 2011,to find out the main risk factors and assessed the population exposure risk.Methods The items of heavy metals,pathogens,parasites,shellfish toxin of aquatic products were monitored,to find the main hazard factors,combining with aquatic products consumption of Shenzhen residents from the residents' dietary investigation of Shenzhen in 2008 and calculating the hazard risks through the consumption of aquatic product.Results Detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was very high,29.63% but the harm wasn't badly enough for some of them could be eliminated during cooking.Exceeding standard rate of Lead was 6.19%.According to the daily consumption of aquatic products of Shenzhen residents,Lead average and high values from aquatic products ingestion were lower than FAO/WHO recommended provisional tolerable daily intake of PTDI 3ug/kg.d,showing low risk;Exceeding standard rate of Cadmium was 25.22%,the average value from aquatic products ingestion was lower than FAO/WHO recommended provisional tolerable intake per month PTMI 0.025mg / kg.bw,high value was PTMI value of 1.2 times,if excessive intake of cadmium containing high amounts of aquatic products,may increase the risk of exposure to cadmium;Diarrhea type shellfish toxins exceed the standard rate was 18.8%.Paralytic shellfish toxins exceed the standard rate was 17.2%,prompting eating too much shellfish meaning to take certain risk.Conclusion The aquatic products in Shenzhen some were polluted and excessive consumption may be harmful to health.


Retrotransposons are extensively populated in vertebrate genomes, which, when active, are thought to cause genome instability with potential benefit to genome evolution. Retrotransposon-derived RNAs are also known to give rise to small endo-siRNAs to help maintain heterochromatin at their sites of transcription; however, as not all heterochromatic regions are equally active in transcription, it remains unclear how heterochromatin is maintained across the genome. Here, we attack these problems by defining the origins of repeat-derived RNAs and their specific chromatin registers in Drosophila S2 cells. We demonstrate that repeat RNAs are predominantly derived from active Gypsy elements, and upon their processing by Dicer-2, these endo-siRNAs act in cis and trans to help maintain pericentromeric heterochromatin. Remarkably, we show that synthetic repeat-derived siRNAs are sufficient to rescue Dicer-2 deficiency-induced defects in heterochromatin formation in interphase and chromosome segregation during mitosis, thus demonstrating that active retrotransposons are actually required for stable genetic inheritance.


Commission on Intellectual Property Rights (2002) Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy, Report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, London. George, S. (1976) How the Other Half Dies: The Real Reasons for World Hunger, Penguin, London. Patel, R. (2007) Stuffed and Starved: Markets, Power and the Hidden Battle for the World's Food System, Portobello, London. Scoones, I. (2006) Science, Agriculture and the Politics of Policy: the Case of Biotechnology in India, Orient Longman, Hyderabad. Senker, P. (2000) 'A dynamic perspective on technology, economic inequality and development' in Wyatt, S., Henwood, F., Miller, N. and Senker, P. (eds) Technology and In/ equality: Questioning the Information Society, Routledge, London, pp.197–217. Senker, P. and Chataway, J. (2009) 'The myths of agricultural biotechnology' in Burnett, J., et al. (eds.) The Myths of Technology: Innovation and Inequality, Peter Lang, New York. Thompson, J., Millstone, E., Scoones, I., Ely, A., Marshall, F., Shah, E. and Stagl, S. (2007) Agri-food System Dynamics: Pathways to Sustainability in an Era of Uncertainty, Working Paper 4, STEPS Centre, Brighton.


We build on a recent result of Calegari regarding S5 Artin representations by giving concrete examples of five‐dimensional representations that satisfy the additional conditions necessary to prove their modularity. We do so via the Explicit Formula for the corresponding Artin L‐functions and a method to choose an appropriate test function to use in order to optimize the computational time necessary.


A cracked tooth is a thin surface disruption of enamel and dentin, and possibly cementum, of unknown depth or extension. Depending on crack extent and crack location, treatment for cracked teeth can range from composite resin restorations or crowns to root canal treatment followed by cuspal coverage or sometimes extraction. This case report presents diagnosis and management of a cracked mandibular molar tooth with root canal treatment.


The aim of this work was to study the mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced polymer composite cylinders. For this purpose, cylinders reinforced with basalt and glass fibers were produced, with open-ended geometry, using filament winding technique. These cylinders were submitted to hydrostatic test under circunferential loading, split disk (ring segment) test and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). A basalt fiber composite plate was produced by filament winding for characterization by tensile strength test. All cylinders submitted to hydrostatic test presented fracture located in the height range of the cylinder, with extensive delamination of the circumferential layers. The epoxy/basalt fiber composites overcame or equated the epoxy/glass fiber composites in comparisons between results of the mechanical properties, tensile strength in split disk, in 45% and 43% in specific strength; ILSS in 11%; membrane tensile strength in the hydrostatic test, in 55%.


Levinas' thesis of men's radical guilt is criticised by reconstructing his anthropological premises under topological and evolutionary regard. His condemnation of self-constructing processes is rejected as well as his issue of self dissolution in the state of salvation. For Levinas, expiation functions as an imitation of the divine. Instead of this view alternative psychological functions of guilt are introduced and refused motivations such as aggression are re-established.


Growing budgetary demands have led to increased scrutiny of healthcare spending for rare diseases, leading to a unified goal within the haemophilia community to define objectively patient‐centred value in haemophilia care.


This paper proposes a methodology to induce automata descriptions from the data obtained from the functioning of an industrial process. The methodology includes the classiication of the data splitting the variables that describe the process in three groups: the variables that describe the input of the process, the variables that describe the state of the process, and the variables that describe the control actions taken. These classiications provide a characterization of the diierent parts of the process: its states, and the causes of the changes among them. The characterization of the stream of data obtained from the process can be used to discover temporal relationships between states and the reasons that induce the change from a state to another. The result of the analysis of the characterized stream is a set of automata describing special situations in the process. As a study domain, the use of our methodology to discover automata descriptions from the functioning of a Waste Water Treatment Plant is described.


The geniposide-phospholipid complex was prepared by solvent evaporation method.The products were analyzed by UV spectra,IR and DSC.The apparent partition coefficients in n-octanol-water systems with different pH values were determined.The results showed that the apparent partition coefficients in different systems were significantly different among the complex,mixture and bulk drug.


Acanthospermum hispidum is a widely plant used in African traditional medicine. This study aims to assess cardiotoxicity and sub-chronic (28-days) oral toxicity of hydroalcohol leaf extract of A. hispidum. The sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body wt., for 28 days to the rats, biochemical and haematological assessments as well as body and relative organ weights of the rats were carried out. The results of the study have shown that blood sodium was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the group treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg of A. hispidum extract and the blood platelet was significantly high. The weekly body and organ weight of the rats showed no significant differences between the control and the rats treated with the extract except for the testis where there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in rats that received 1000 mg/kg, i.e., 1.16±0.2 g against 0.78±0.22 g for the control. A discreet seminiferous tubular atrophy and fibrosis of the tube wall were observed at this dose. The hydroalcoholic extract of A. hispidum at 0.1; 1; 10 and 100 mg/ml on toad heart and isolated atria of guinea pigs have caused a significant increase in cardiac amplitude (positive inotropic) and a significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in frequency (negative chronotropism). Our results suggest that the hydroalcohol extract of A. hispidum is relatively toxic to the testis and caution must be taken at high doses especially for the heart.


Let (R,m) be a d-dimensional regular local ring with d ≥ 2. The morphism φ : ProjR[mt] → SpecR defines the blow-up of the maximal ideal m of R. Let (R1,m1) be the local ring of a point in the fiber of m defined by φ. Then R1 is a regular local ring of dimension at most d that birationally dominates R. The ring R1 is said to be a local quadratic transform of R. Local quadratic transforms have historically played an important role in algebraic geometry, and in particular in the understanding of regular local rings. Classically, Zariski's unique factorization theorem for ideals in a 2-dimensional regular local ring in [9] relies on local quadratic transforms in a fundamental way. More recently, Lipman uses similar methods in [7] to prove a unique factorization theorem for a special class of ideals in arbitrary regular local rings. By taking rings of dimension at least 2, iterating the process of local quadratic transforms yields an infinite sequence {(Rn,mn)}n≥0. We consider the directed union of this infinite sequence of local quadratic transforms, and set S = ∪ n≥0 Rn. Since the rings Rn are local rings that are linearly ordered under domination, S is local, and since the rings Rn are integrally closed, so is S. However, if S is not a discrete valuation ring, then S is not Noetherian. On the other hand, one may consider a valuation ring (V,mV ) that dominates R. There is a unique local quadratic transform R1 of R that is dominated by V , called the local quadratic transform of R along V . If V is the order valuation ring of R, then R1 = V , but otherwise, one may take the local quadratic transform R2 of R1 along V . Iterating this process yields a possibly infinite sequence {(Rn,mn)} of local quadratic transforms, where this process terminates if V is the order valuation ring of some Rn. Abhyankar proves in [1, Proposition 4] that this sequence is finite if and only if the transcendence degree of V/mV over R/m is d−1 (that is, by the dimension formula, the residual transcendence degree is as large as possible). Otherwise, the induced sequence is infinite, and we call the directed union S the Shannon extension of R along V . Given an infinite sequence {(Rn,mn)}n≥0 of local quadratic transforms whose union is S, a basic result in commutative algebra implies there exists some valuation ring V that dominates S. Then a posteriori, the sequence arises by taking local quadratic transforms along V . It is a natural question to ask for conditions in order that a Shannon extension S is a valuation ring. This question has been extensively studied in [1], [8], [3], [2], and [4]. Abhyankar shows in [1, Lemma 12] that if dimR = 2, it is always the case that S is a valuation ring. However, if dimR ≥ 3, then S is sometimes but not always a valuation domain [8]. Conditions in order that a Shannon extension be a valuation ring have been obtained that involve the essential prime divisors of the regular local rings Rn. Shannon shows in [8, Proposition 4.18] that if there is no such essential prime divisor that contains S, then S is a rank 1 valuation ring. Granja shows in [3,


Teleradiology is probably the most developed area of telemedicine. It has been used as a daily routine in thousands of installations since the DICOM standard became available. The applied technology has continued to evolve over the last ten years, and a teleradiology user can choose between different solutions. This paper gives an overview of different technologies and application scenarios in teleradiology to support users in selecting the appropriate solution that best fits their needs.


'Serradonta' kimberleyae n. sp. is described from Miocene-age hydrocarbon seep deposits in northern Hawke's Bay, North Island, New Zealand. Pectinodontid limpets from fossil and modern hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps are reviewed and shell morphological distinctions are outlined between the two pectinodontid genera known from seeps: Bathyacmaea and Serradonta. It is suggested that the diagnosis of Bathyacmaea be emended to be more consistent with the shell morphology of the species currently included in it. The shell microstructure of 'Serradonta' kimberleyae is similar to that of modern pectinodontid shells from the Hikurangi margin seeps, which may be congeneric. The palaeoecology of the new Miocene species is found to be similar to other fossil vent–seep patellogastropods, as well as species of Pectinodontidae that inhabit these environments today.


Abstract This note presents a chart which can be used by draftsmen to determine directly from raw area data compass settings for plotting proportionate area circles without any of the usual square-root and proportioning computations. * The term "pie chart" as used in this note, refers to circle charts, both whole and segmented.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship that exists between teachers' characteristics (qualification, years of experience) and students' performance level in Senior Secondary School Financial Accounting. In doing this, the study investigated selected teachers characteristics and students performance level in Senior Secondary School Financial Accounting using correlation research design. The study was limited to Senior Secondary Schools in Ondo State. A total of 200 students were selected through purposive sampling technique to participate in the study. Two research questions were raised and answered. Two validated instruments titled; Teachers Qualification and Experience Questionnaire (TQEQ) and Financial Accounting Achievement Test (FAAT) were used for data collection. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was the major statistical tool employed for data analysis. Findings revealed that a positive relationship exists between teachers' characteristics (Qualification and Experience) and performance level of the students in Financial Accounting. It is recommended among others that capacity development scheme should be put in place for teachers with the aim of enhancing their efficiency and improving students' performance.


A general theoretical analysis of two-beam interference between modulated light signals is presented. It is demonstrated that a Michelson interferometer (MI) with short path difference can be used for demodulation of optical frequency modulation (FM) signals. The demodulated signal is usually a wide-band FM signal charaeterized by an effective FM index βeffin the order of 10-100, and the "conversion efficiency" of the demodulation is given by the ratio between the actual βeff-value and its low-frequency limit. For incoherent applications interference must generally be avoided as the demodulated wide-band signal generates harmonic distortion of high order. The close connection between interferometric demodulation and modal distortion in multimode fibres is demonstrated. An improved theory of modal distortion is presented and numerical examples of modal distortion are calculated. In practical cases the amount of distortion can be estimated on the basis of the fiber dispersion, the frequency deviation of the laser and the amount of spatial filtering.


Objective To elucidate Incidence and its clinical implication of ST-T abnormality of highland officers and soldiers in Gan Zi state.Methods A total of 2090 officers and soldiers were examined.The different age,altitude of stationed and time were compared.Results The average incidence rate of ST-T abnormality was 5.02%(105/2090).No significant difference was found in different age groups of ST-T abnormality,P0.05.There were significant differences between altitude of 3000~3500 m group and 4000 m group which ST-T abnormality rate respectively were 3.55%(44/1240),7.18%(61/850),P0.01.No significant difference was found between 3~6 months group and more than 1 year group which ST-T abnormality rate respectively were 4.51%(72/1596),6.68%(33/494),P0.05.Conclusion The age and stationed time have little effect on ST-T abnormality rate of Highland officers and soldiers.Stationed altitude have a posive correlation with ST-T abnormality.The diagnosis of ST-T abnormality should be combined with clinical comprehensive judgement and treated cautiously.


Contains code book, SPSS data set, full report of judge survey, judge sample report, full report of lawyer survey, lawyer sample report, questionnaire for lawyers, and questionnaire for judges.


During the latter half of 1998, Laura D'Andrea Tyson, former chairwoman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers and economics professor at Berkeley, wrote a highly-publicized commentary that questioned whether China would replace Japan as the antagonist in Americas trade deficit woes. She stated "As the U.S. trade deficit with China continues to increase, concerns mount that China will soon replace Japan as America's major trade headache. Such concerns are fed by an image of China as another Japan - a country pursuing a mercantilist development strategy based on closed markets, an undervalued currency, and a structural trade surplus." Highlighting Japans closed markets, undervalued currency, and perennial trade surplus, Tysons monograph calls into question whether China's trade practices will parallel the manic logic of mercantilism so vehemently practiced by Japan. This paper examines the burgeoning supremacy characteristic of modern Chinas export-oriented trade program and provides useful, suggestive commentary on how U.S. trade policy with China should be handled, drawing conclusively from the Japanese experience. Finally, the causes underpinning the rising U.S. import/export ratio with China will be investigated.


In this paper, we show how pattern matching can be seen to arise from a proof term assignment for the focused sequent calculus. This use of the Curry-Howard correspondence allows us to give a novel coverage checking algorithm, and makes it possible to give a rigorous correctness proof for the classical pattern compilation strategy of building decision trees via matrices of patterns.


Objective To study the influence of NIPPV upon ARF resulting from several causes. Methods Forty patients were studied including 22 cases with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), 4 left ventricular failure cases, 4 community acquired pneumonia (CAP) cases with ARDS, 2 cases after operation for lung cancer, 2 cases with chest injury and 2 cases with chest combined abdominal injuries. All of them were ventilated in the mode of pressure support ventilation (PSV) and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Results Sixteen COPD cases (727%) showed effectiveness, 5 cases with operation (833%) showed effectiveness, 4 cases with left ventricular failure (100%) showed effectiveness and one case of pneumonia and with ARDS (25%) showed effectiveness. Conclusion NIPPV had good effect in treating acute respiratory failure caused by AECOPD, acuter left ventricular failure, chest injury and/or operation. NIPPV should be preferred if there is no contraindictions. NIPPV doesn't have good effect on ARDS occuring with pneumonia. Endotracheal intubation mechanical ventilation (ETMV) should be the first choice for this kind of acute respiratory failure.


Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory disease effects mainly skin, nails and joints. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism and it is essential for the breakdown of adenosine from food and the turnover of nucleic acids in tissue. ADA possess a pivotal role in function and maturation of lymphoid cells, especially T-cell lineage, and its altered status was reported in diseases with immunological disturbances as in psoriasis. Moreover, ADA regulates the plasma adenosine level, which is involved in synthesis of inflammatory molecules and cytokine production. Increased ADA may be also due to increased nucleic acid catabolism associated with the hyperproliferative status of epidermis in psoriasis patients.

 To measure serum level of adenosine deaminase enzyme by modified Guisti procedures in severe psoriasis vulgaris patients before and after treatment with narrow band ultraviolet B therapy and intramuscular methotrexate injection or combination of both and compare it with healthy controls.

 The present study included 45 severe psoriasis vulgaris patients and 15 apparent healthy age and sex matched controls. The study was approved by the Research Ethical Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University and fulfilled all the ethical aspects required in human research. All patients received full information about description of the procedure of treatment, possible side effects, photo documentation and they all provided informed consent.

 The current study revealed significant decrease in disease severity after treatment in all 3 groups with decreased PASI score. Serum ADA was significantly higher in patients groups compared to controls. Moreover, significant reduction of serum ADA was detected after treatment in all three groups being higher in combined MTX and NBUVB group. However, no significant correlation was detected between serum ADA levels and PASI scores before and after treatment.

 We concluded that Adenosine deaminase possesses a significant role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Measurement of serum ADA level could be used as both diagnostic and prognostic marker for psoriasis and monitoring progress of treatment.


Abstract Objectives: Cognitive impairment affects older adults' capacity to live independently and make lifestyle decisions (lifestyle decision-making capacity; LS-DMC). Cognitive screens and clinical interviews are often used to assess people's need for living-supports prior to conducting comprehensive LS-DMC assessments in busy clinical settings. This study investigated whether the QuickSort – a brief new cognitive screen – provides efficient and accurate information regarding patients' LS-DMC when initially interviewed. Methods: This is an observational and diagnostic accuracy study of older inpatients (≥60 years) consecutively referred for neuropsychological assessment of LS-DMC (n = 124). The resources required by inpatients with questionable LS-DMC were quantified (length of hospital stay, living-supports). QuickSort scores, patient background information, and two common cognitive screens were used to differentiate between older inpatients (n = 124) who lacked (64%)/did not-lack (36%) LS-DMC. Results: Hospitalizations averaged 49 days, with 62% of inpatients being readmitted within one year. The QuickSort differentiated between those lacking/not-lacking LS-DMC better than two common cognitive screens and patient information. The likelihood that inpatients lacked LS-DMC increased by a factor of 65.26 for QuickSort scores <2 and reduced by a factor of 0.32 for scores ≥13. Modeling revealed that the post-test likelihood of lacking LS-DMC increased to 99% (scores <2) and reduced to 30% (scores ≥ 13) in settings where many inpatients lack LS-DMC. Conclusions: Older adult inpatients with questionable LS-DMC have a high risk of extended hospitalization and readmission. The QuickSort provides time-efficient and sensitive information regarding patients' LS-DMC, making it a viable alternative to longer cognitive screens that are used at the initial interview stage.


This paper argues that the CRPD moves toward a conceptual fusion of social, economic and cultural rights with civil and political rights, through its adoption of a social model of health. Accordingly, the CRPD sets out positive obligations on State parties to provide timely and appropriate treatment to people with mental illness, including the provision of adequate community and social services and a coherent system of integration between community and institutional facilities. The CRPD also supports a strict limitation on the provision of involuntary medical treatment, and reconciles these apparently competing objectives through an emphasis on autonomy, self determination and supported decision making. This interpretation of the CRPD, set out below, is based on an analysis of the thematic interconnections between the CRPD framework, the right to equal recognition before the law in Article 5 and Article 12, right to enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health in Article 25, and the right to respect for physical and mental integrity in Article 17. It reads the CRPD as embedding a 'new age' of mental health law in the social model of health, and a recovery model of mental health.


As previously shown for mutator phage Mu-1, to which it is closely related, temperate bacteriophage D108 induces chromosomal rearrangements (replicon fusion and transposition of chromosomal segments) in its host genome.


Anand Kumar, Multi-Party Democracy in the Maldives and the Emerging Security Environment in the Indian Ocean Region, (New Delhi, Pentagon Press, 2016), Pages: xi + 192, Price: 795.00Maldives has been in the news for quite some time due to continuous political crisis in that island nation since 2008. In this context, the book tries to analyse the 'fledging multi party democracy in the Maldives, its foreign policy and its impact on the security scenario in the IOR'.The first chapter of the book deals briefly with the history and current political and security scenario and explains the methodology, besides explaining further chapterisation.The second chapter, 'The Road to Multi-Party Democracy' touches upon the constitution making process in Maldives since 1953 and changes that it brought about in the political system. This was a crucial period in Maldives' history as it redefined its ties with Britain and emerged as an independent nation in 1965. The chapter demonstrates that the volatile political situation and power struggle among sultanates and aristocracy in Maldives was exploited by Britain to increase its influence in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was elected as the President in 1978 and ruled Maldives for next 30 years with an iron hand. His term, as the author correctly points out, was marred with protests for political change and demand for 'introduction of multiparty system, separation of powers and mechanisms for accountability and transparency'. This led to the adoption of the sixth constitution in 2008, paving the way for the first multi-party democratic elections in the country.The third chapter, 'Multi-Party Democracy in the Maldives' deals with the rule of first democratically elected President, Mr. Nasheed of Maldives Democratic Party (MDP). This chapter is useful in understanding the problems faced by newly democratic countries such as Maldives. The author argues that, even though people voted for Nasheed in the Presidential elections, opportunist political alliances during Parliamentary elections in 2009 led to the consolidation of the opposition, led by the former President Mr. Gayoom, in the Parliament. Economic hardships coupled with the decisions taken to reform the economy, judiciary and administration led to popular dissent against the government. Another challenge Nasheed faced was in the form of increasing radicalisation. According to the author, 'this was due to the continuation of institutions that were set up during Gayoom's rule to control society through Islam'. For example, 'ultra conservative religious ideas such as Saudi Wahabism and South Asian Deobandism, entered Maldives ... during Gayoom's rule'. In 1994, 'Protection for Religious Unity Act' was passed that only allowed practice of Islam in the island nation. An attempt by the Nasheed government to control religious extremism was hampered by its own Islamist coalition partner, the Adhaalath Party (AP). Apart from some of the reasons mentioned above, Nasheed's own inability to forge political alliances and his handling of a corrupt judiciary and political opponents, the author mentions, led to his resignation on February 7, 2012.The fourth chapter 'Maldives under Waheed' touches briefly on the GMR controversy and the role India played in handling the crisis. The author argues that 'the lack of government policy in India regarding the engagement of India's corporate sector in foreign countries created an awkward situation in India-Maldives relations'. Anti-India sentiments were encouraged by some of the Maldives' politicians to protect their vested interests in operating the International airport, which the Waheed government failed to control, as expected by India. In that scenario, the writer opines that India should have followed "a pro-active approach" rather than "allowing internal processes to sort out the issue".Chapter Five, 'The Controversial Second Multi- Party Elections', brings out as to how political forces opposed to democratic reforms in a country can use the same democratic institutions to consolidate their power. …


This paper proposes a novel canonical piecewise-linear (CPWL) function-based behavioral model for concurrent dual-band power amplifier which called 2D-CPWL. Compare with conventional 2D-DPD model, this novel behavioral model has lower complexity and the parameter of model scan be estim-ated by least-square method. Performances are evaluated with a simulational test setup using MATLAB. The dual-band signal center frequency separated by 80 MHz. Lower and upper center frequency are respectively located at 2.61 GHz and 2.69 GHz. The results show that the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is less than −59.18 dBc and normalized mean square error (NMSE) is around −61.31 dB for lower sideband (LSB) and −61.30 dB for upper sideband (USB).


In recent years, the development of robot technology is very rapid, and robots have been widely used in industry, agriculture, service, medical treatment, military and other fields. In the research of robotics, the research on the architecture of robot control system has always been a hot topic. The information the human brain obtains from the outside world mainly comes from visual perception. Under the general trend of the increasing development of artificial intelligence, it is very important to strengthen vision in robot technology. The vision system can map the three-dimensional object features to the two-dimensional image plane, and then use the obtained image information to control the robot. People want robots to have higher intelligence and stronger adaptability to the environment. The research of robot visual servo is just to meet this requirement. Based on the research of industrial robot control system, this paper focuses on the visual servo control system of 6-DOF robot, and analyzes the performance of the control system.


Embraced by wide rivers, constant rains and recurrent fogs, Puebla's North Range and its extremely biodiverse territory represent one of the most important freshwater reserves in Mexico. This precious liquid is today at the center of an unprecedented struggle that the peoples who live in this region – Maseual, Totonaku and Mestizo -, have waged for more than a decade. This is being done in order to stop a multiplicity of extractive projects: hydroelectric plants, open-pit mining, fracking and electricity transmission lines. All of them threaten to disrupt the complex socio-ecological interdependence webs that are woven around the water flows that cross their territory. In this article, we present the struggles in defense of the territory in Puebla's North Range based on one of its main articulating elements: water.


Diagraphie is a record of one or more physical measurement as a funclion of depth in a borehole. Log are recorded by means of sonde, probe or tool carrying sensorc which are lowered into the hole by cable. Diagraphie system are discussed including field prosedure, interpretation in geologicenvironments, an example of anomaly anrve in determination the equivalenl uranium grade and disequilibrium fac{or in determination aciual uranium grade, and instrumentation,


Despite a number of financial supports for families with children,child poverty persists at a stubbornly high level in Ireland relative to its European neighbours. It is therefore appropriate to review existing Government policies that aim to have a positive impact on childrenâ?Ts wellbeing, and compare the levels of support in Ireland with those found elsewhere, both within the EU and internationally. This Policy Statement presents a comparative analysis of child support packages in 22 industrialised countries, focusing on the Irish context. Policies that can reduce the persistently high levels of child poverty in Ireland are highlighted. The Statement focuses primarily on income support measures and services for families with children as key policy mechanisms. Some of the key findings are outlined.


An experiment was conducted to investigate the retention of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in eggs of laying hens by replacing 1, 2 or 3% of a control diet with no fat added with a commercial source of CLA. Sixty four 40-weeksold Warren laying hens were used to determine the effect of treatments on productive traits, yolk fatty acids composition and egg quality. The data were collected over a 56-days experimental period, following a 21-days adaptation period. Type of diet did not affect feed intake, laying rate, egg or yolk weight, although weight gain of hens decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with level of CLA inclusion. Concentration of CLA in yolk fat increased with dietary CLA addition, reaching a value of 10.5% for the 3%-CLA diet. Efficiency of retention of CLA decreased linearly (P< 0.001) with level of CLA inclusion, from 24.1 to 18.6% between the extreme diets. An increase of dietary CLA led to an increase of saturated and a decrease of monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.001). These changes were greater at lower levels of CLA inclusion. Sensory evaluation showed that texture of eggs produced at any CLA level was not acceptable for consumption.


Abstract The literature on alprazolam is reviewed. It is concluded that it is an effective anxiolytic but that it is not an antidepressant. When used in sufficiently high dosage it can block panic attacks, but it is not the only antipanic agent available. It may be used as an alternative to other benzodiazepines in the acute detoxification of alcoholics. It should be avoided where there is strong individual likelihood of abuse. Chronic usage (more than a few weeks) demands a very slow tapering of dosage. Carbamazepine may ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. The use of alprazolam in other conditions remains unproven.


Maximal stresses and strength of spherical tanks with stanchions and flanged openings are studied in this paper according to the practical structures and loading of the spherical tanks in engineering. Numerical calculations using ANSYS FEM software are carried out on two kinds of spherical tanks, one of which has two flanged circular openings (at the top and at the bottom, respectively) and ten stanchions, subjected to internal pressure, self weight and internal hydraulic pressure. The numerical result shows that the maximal stresses of the whole spherical tank locate at the edge of the bottom's flanged opening. For the sake of verification to the results above, numerical calculations are also carried out on a model of a spherical shell with a flangeless circular opening subjected to average-distributed internal pressure. And the calculation results show that the numerical solutions are very close to the relative theoretical ones.


The Glauber dynamics of the pure and weakly disordered random-bond 2d Ising model is studied at zero-temperature. A single characteristic length scale, $L(t)$, is extracted from the equal time correlation function. In the pure case, the persistence probability decreases algebraically with the coarsening length scale. In the disordered case, three distinct regimes are identified: a short time regime where the behaviour is pure-like; an intermediate regime where the persistence probability decays non-algebraically with time; and a long time regime where the domains freeze and there is a cessation of growth. In the intermediate regime, we find that $P(t)\sim L(t)^{-\theta'}$, where $\theta' = 0.420\pm 0.009$. The value of $\theta'$ is consistent with that found for the pure 2d Ising model at zero-temperature. Our results in the intermediate regime are consistent with a logarithmic decay of the persistence probability with time, $P(t)\sim (\ln t)^{-\theta_d}$, where $\theta_d = 0.63\pm 0.01$.


The northwestern margin of the Qaidam Basin is obviously affected by strike-slip movement.It is difficulty for fault imaging and interpretation of seismic data due to strongly broken lithology and complexity fractures.By utilizing seismic image processing and analysis technique we identify fractures.Firstly we divide seismic volume into pixels,secondly by means of structural vectors and advanced filter methods in combination with Edge Detected Algorithm we detect abnormal bodies,and plot them with different colors.Finally we complete the fault extraction and corresponding analysis work.By the application of IPA technique in the Nanyishan area,the vertical and lateral anisotropy of fault systems are clearly described,and the fracture distribution of two-double framework (semi-deep-shallow layer) are identified.As technical support to fractured reservoirs in the northwestern margin of the Qaidam Basin,the IPA technique has good prospect in quantitative identification of fractures.


Species of the heteropteran subfamily Lygaeinae possess special subcuticular compartments to store cardiac glycosides, plant‐derived defensive compounds, which they release upon predator attack. In adults of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, these storage compartments have previously been described as a modified integument, forming a fluid‐filled dorsolateral space. Here we use three‐dimensional imaging of serial histological sections and synchrotron radiation‐based micro‐computed tomography data to reveal the morphology of these storage compartments and the mechanisms used for the release of a cardiac glycoside‐rich fluid upon attack. Our comparative analysis revealed that the morphology and release mechanism vary among the species investigated. By reconstructing these traits on a recent molecular phylogeny of the Lygaeinae, we demonstrate that the adaptations for the storage and release of cardiac glycosides have evolved in a stepwise manner.


Although over the past 25 years the gender pay gap for full-time workers has been dramatically narrowing, the gap remains wide in the IT industry. Why does such a gap persist and is the gap really gender related? A set of major factors for determining salary differentials has been identified by previous studies. Incorporating these variables in an integrated model that include a gender variable and various interaction terms, we examine whether wage discrimination based on gender for System Administrators exists. Our results indicate that after all major factors that may affect salary differentials are considered, gender is still a major significant factor in explaining such differentials.


【Objective】This study was carried out in order to analyze genetic diversity and relationship in tobacco germplasms.【Method】Genomic DNA of 48 tobacco materials were amplified by 4 AFLP selective primers(EcoRI+3/MseI+3).【Result】 A total of 321 AFLP bands were obtained including 174 polymorphic ones.The percentage of polymorphic bands is 54.2%.UPGMA cluster analysis based on AFLP molecular markers data divided 48 varieties into two groups: N.tobacum L group and N.rustica L.group.N.tobacum L.group could be classified into four sub groups.The genetic distance of 48 cultivars was between 1.41 and 11.0.【Conclusion】The results showed that AFLP approach is efficient in generating more accurate information on genetic background,relationship and evolution of tobacco germplasms.


Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) is a common condition amongst active large breed dogs with a complex aetiopathogenesis. Large-breed dogs, especially the German Shepherd (GSD), Retrievers and active or working dogs (Police, military or sporting dogs), are the most commonly affected by DLSS. Affected dogs are generally mature (mean age 5 1⁄2 years), and are predominantly heavier than 25 kg bodyweight. Males are reported to be over-represented.


[Objective]The purpose was to supply basis for reasonable application of food additive coccinellin.[Method]After seed soaking and accelerating germination,the broad bean seeds were treated with food additive coccinellin at different concn.(concentration) and analytical pure coccinellin for 24 h,with distilled water treatment as CK,the samples were fixed,dyed and squashed for microscopic examination.The micronucleus permillage and chromosomal aberration percentage in root tip cells were calculated.[Result]When coccinellin concen.were 0.02 and 0.04 g/L resp.,the color of newly grown root of broad bean was bright and had no difference from that of CK.As the coccinellin concen.was increased,the color of broad bean root showed variation trend of yellow-brown-black.Both the 2 kinds of coccinellin could induce the root tip cells to generate micronucleus and chromosomal aberration and their micronucleus permillage and chromosomal aberration percentage were increased along with the ascending of coccinellin concen.Most of the micronucleus permillage and chromosomal aberration percentage in cells induced by analytical pure coccinellin were lower than that induced by food additive coccinellin.[Conclusion]The application of excessive coccinellin would generate toxicity against organisms.


Pattern matching is very useful in automatic text processing, for searching, filtering, and transforming text. Existing pattern languages, such as regular expressions and grammars, offer few opportunities for reuse. Lightweight structure is a new approach that solves the reuse problem. Lightweight structure has three parts: a model of text structure as contiguous segments of text, or regions; an extensible library of structure abstractions (e.g., HTML elements, Java expressions, or English sentences) that can be implemented by any kind of pattern or parser; and a region algebra that allows structure abstractions to be composed and reused. Lightweight structure does for text pattern matching what procedure abstraction does for programming, enabling the construction of a reusable pattern library. Lightweight structure has been implemented in LAPIS, a web browser/text editor that demonstrates several novel applications of the idea: • Text constraints is a new pattern language for composing structure abstractions, based on the region algebra. Text constraint patterns are simple and high-level, and user studies have shown that users can generate and comprehend them. • Simultaneous editing uses multiple selections for repetitive text editing, in a way that is more interactive and visual than keyboard macros or find-and-replace. Multiple selections are inferred from examples given by the user, drawing on the lightweight structure library to make fast, accurate, domain-specific inferences from very few examples. In user studies, simultaneous editing required only 1.26 examples per selection, approaching the ideal of 1-example programming-by-demonstration. • Outlier finding draws the user's attention to inconsistent selections or pattern matches. Outlier finding can point out both possible false positives and possible false negatives. When outlier finding was integrated into simultaneous editing and tested in a user study, it was found to reduce user errors. • Unix tools for structured text extend tools like grep and sort with lightweight structure, and the browser shell integrates a Unix command prompt into a web browser, offering new ways to build pipelines and automate web browsing. Theoretical contributions include a formal definition of the region algebra, the data structures and algorithms that implement it efficiently, and a characterization of the classes of languages recognized by region algebra expressions. Lightweight structure enables efficient composition and reuse of structure abstractions defined by various kinds of patterns and parsers, bringing improvements to pattern matching, text processing, web automation, repetitive text editing, inference of patterns from examples, and error detection.


1 . A series of 166 fractures and fracture-dislocations of the dorso-lumbar spine has been reviewed. 2. A new method of classifying these injuries is suggested. 3. A type of fracture with lateral wedging, previously unidentified, which has certain distinctive clinical and anatomical features is described. 4. The factors responsible for redisplacement are discussed and it is considered that in most cases this is predictable from the outset. 5. At the present time orthodox treatment is based on the assumption that a perfect anatomical result is indispensable to a perfect functional result. Analysis of the results in the series now reported shows that there are no grounds for this assumption. 6. Treatment is discussed in the light of the foregoing conclusions. This is based on a division of cases into stable and unstable types, the recognition of which is of crucial importance.


Currently, it is still a challenge to study the degradation mechanisms of the space traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) with no failure and small sample tests. Given that the Copula functions are used to describe the correlation of multiple performance characteristics, this paper develops a bivariate hybrid stochastic degradation model to evaluate the in-orbit reliability of TWTA. Firstly, based on the impact analysis of the life of TWTA, helix current and anode voltage are selected as the performance degradation parameters. Secondly, stochastic processes with random effects based on the one-dimensional Wiener process and Gamma process are applied to describe the degradation of TWTA's helix current and anode voltage, respectively, and the corresponding marginal distribution function is obtained. Then, the Copula function is utilized to describe the correlation between two different performance parameters of TWTA. Meanwhile, this paper also proposed a two-step method to estimate the reliability level of TWTA based on its in-orbit telemetry data through a two-step method, which contains a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm and a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm. Besides, the Bayes-Bootstrap sampling method is also used to improve the evaluation accuracy to overcome the defect of an in-orbit small sample of TWTA. Finally, a TWTA degradation case with a set of telemetry data is carried out, and the results show that the method proposed in this paper is more applicable and more accurate than other methods.


), which is only a pointmatching design problem. Two matching design methods, based on the match of flow rate and the average pressuredrop and the match of flow rate and average power output respectively, are presented. The error between the twomethods is analysed. As a design example, the method has been applied to designing the Wells turbine operating inChina's first onshore wave power station built at the outlet of the Pearl River, South China Sea.


The use of drugs and the responsibility of pharmacists in the treatment process for the Indonesian Christian community face challenges in understanding biblical health doctrines especially in the use of drugs and the provision of advice by pharmacists. The view that medicine as a product of science is contrary to faith and belief in God's care for the health of the human body is a theological distortion. the pharmacist's role is equated with relying on humans and not relying on God. This study assesses perspectives on medicine and pharmacists in the Indonesian Christian community. This research is a descriptive study using questionnaire. Respondents were randomly selected from all provinces in Indonesia following the proportion of the Christian population in the province. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested using the composite reliability (CR) method and Cronbach's alpha with a significance level of 5%. The questionnaire was assessed using a Likert scale and the results were classified into very good, good, and poor. This study shows the community's perspective on medicine still needs to be improved (32.6% very good, 40.6% good, and 26.8% poor). For Indonesian Christian community, the hesitation to use medicine is caused by the teaching that faith and God's promises in the Bible are sufficient to heal and maintain human health. While the perspective of pharmacists in the treatment process shows better results (45.4% very good, 36.2% good, and 18.4% poor).


Localization algorithm plays the major rule for different applications such as tracking, positioning, and monitoring. The general framework presented by localization approaches may not work well in practical environments, due to many reasons related with dealing with 2 Dimensional space only or having high computational costs. As a result, Hybrid Localization Algorithm (HLA) was proposed and presented in this paper based on the use of both Received Signal Strength (RSS) and Angle-of-Arrival (AoA). The algorithm has been tested in a 3 Dimensional indoor scenario, with considering the effects of different building materials. Obtained result indicate an effectiveness in localizing the received points by using 2 transmitters for more accuracy in positioning coordination with average ranging error of less than 0.23m for both Line of Sight (LoS) and Non Line of Sight (NLoS) cases.


[Objective]To study the regularity and the distribution of food poisoning in Haicang district,so as to provide scientific basis for making effective prevention and control measures.[Methods]Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data of food poisoning in Haicang district.[Results]A total of 36 events occurred,471 people were poisoned and no one died from 2002 to 2008.The attack rate was 14.96%.5 events occurred with 34 cases in 2002,9 events occurred with 64 cases in 2003,3 events occurred with 58 cases in 2004,7 events occurred with 54 cases in 2005,4 events occurred with 140 cases in 2006,5 events occurred with 60 cases in 2007 and 3 events occurred with 61 cases in 2008.17 events with 307 cases occurred in collective canteens.15 events of bacterial food poisoning occurred and 237 people were poisoned.20 events with 374 cases were been caused by inappropriate food processing.[Conclusion]Collective canteens are high-risk place for food poisoning.The main poisoning way is inappropriate food processing.


This article has been prepared for the research purpose of identifying, disclosing, and justifying certain trends in the development of civil law and procedures in the context of the spread of smart contract practices and the expansion of their spheres of application. At the moment, there is no uniform approach to choosing an optimal form for the legal regulation of smart contracts within the system of contract law in modern legal systems or international law; meanwhile, globalization and the digitalization of the economy imply the growth of cross-border transactions. The emergence of smart contracts is due to the development of e-commerce, in which the parties' interactions are carried out electronically instead of in physical exchanges or direct physical contact. Smart contracts gaining popularity in circulation are based on two interrelated elements: firstly, they eliminate a person's direct participation in some or all cases of executing the agreement using an automated code designed for execution without reference to the intentions of the contracting parties after publication; secondly, they make use of decentralized blockchain technology, and also provide automatic code execution without any party's potential intervention, so as to eliminate or reduce the self-control and third-party control of the commitment.This study examines the content, conclusion, validity, protection of rights and legitimate interests of the parties, interpretation, and legal nature of smart contracts. The research materials used foreign experience in resolving disputes from smart contracts on digital platforms (Kleros, JUR, Aragon Network Justice, OpenCourt, OpenBazaar), as well as domestic and foreign literature on smart contracts. This research has been prepared based on general (deduction, dialectical analysis, intersectoral relations of objects) and specialized (comparative-legal, economic-legal) methods of scientific experimentation.The authors conclude that there are no grounds for considering a smart contract as a new classification element of the system of contractual regulation (type or kind of contract). In addition, the analysis shows that the resolution of smart contract disputes through digital platforms remains radically uncertain, and currently is not creating obvious advantages in comparison with traditional judicial proceedings.


Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized bacteremia and systemic signs and symptoms during the first month of life or it can be defined as a disseminated disease with a positive blood culture during the first month of life (1). Sepsis is considered the most important cause of neonatal mortality and is responsible for 30-50% of the total neonatal deaths each year in developing countries (2,3). Early onset (within first 72 hours of life) neonatal sepsis is generally acquired from pathogens of maternal genital tract, whereas late onset sepsis (after 72 hours till 28 days of life) has its environmental origin either in the community or in hospital (4).


We report on recent results from VISH2+1, a code that solves the relativistic Israel–Stewart equations for causal viscous hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions with longitudinal boost invariance. We find that even 'minimal' shear viscosity η/s = /(4π) leads to a large reduction of elliptic flow compared to ideal fluid dynamics. We explore systematically the sensitivity of this reduction to the equation of state, system size, initial conditions and the microscopic relaxation time in different formulations of the Israel–Stewart equations.


The novel 8,14-secoursatriene derivative 6 was synthesized starting from ursolic acid (1) via methyl esterification of the 17-carboxylic acid group and benzoylation of the 3-hydroxy group (2; Scheme 1), ozone oxidation of the C(12)C(13) bond (3), dehydrogenation with Br2/HBr (4), enol acetylation of the resulting carbonyl group (5; Scheme 2), and ring-C opening with the aid of UV light (6). Ring-C-opened dienone derivative 7 of ursolic acid was also obtained via selective hydrolysis of 6 (Scheme 2). Both compounds 6 and 7 are key intermediates for the preparation of chiral decalin synthons from ursolic acid.


Using a natural conversation paradigm, this study investigated the acoustic characteristics of Mandarin utterances in drug addicts. Twenty-one native speakers of Mandarin, including four heroin addicts, two 3,4-methylamphetamine (MDMA, also known as ecstasy) addicts, and 15 healthy controls without any history of drug abuse, were recruited for the speech production experiment. In comparison with the healthy controls, heroin addicts exhibited a higher mean F0, a lower mean intensity, a higher variability in both F0 and intensity, and a lower H1-H2, while MDMA addicts exhibited a higher variability in both F0 and intensity. Discriminant analysis based on these acoustic parameters further showed a good accuracy of differentiating the three groups of speakers. These findings provide the basis for future research into identifying drug addicts on the basis of speech signals.


A cross-linkable amphiphilic copolymer of N-dodecylacrylamide with N-(11-acryloylundecyl)-4-vinylpyridinium bromide was prepared. This polymer when spread on a water surface forms a stable condensed monolayer that was transferred onto a solid support to yield a Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) film. On UV light irradiation, the polymer LB film became insoluble in all organic solvents because of the formation of a two-dimensional photo-cross-linked polymer network. The cross-linking reaction was found to be caused by dimerization of acryloyl groups in the LB film. Fine negative resist patterns based on the insoluble two-dimensional polymer network can be drawn clearly after development of irradiated LB films with a solvent. The patterns of the cross-linked polymer LB films of various film thicknesses from bilayer to 200 layers were successfully achieved by using a conventional photolithographic technique. The bilayer patterns of cross-linked polymer LB films were observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). These f...


This article illustrates the case of the international network project BEPART (Baltic Entrepreneurship Partners) with its activities in entrepreneurship promotion. It starts with some basic thoughts on the understanding of entrepreneurship. The article then turns to European and regional development issues in the Baltic Sea Region by trying to show how the project work responds to related challenges. The next step describes the project goals and structure. Ten propositions on regional entrepreneurship promotion are presented as they represent a set of shared basic assumptions inside the network. They are also intended to be a tool for inducing more far reaching improvements in the field. Knowledge exchange and its effects are another issue that is highlighted. The article touches the topic of evaluation and learning within the project, and finally turns to innovations in entrepreneurship education and its foundations


The main aim of the mascil Work Package 3 'classroom materials' is to present guidelines and an online collection of teaching materials that encourage and support teachers to design their own classroom materials that connect IBL and the WoW in mathematics and science education.The collection presents 'good practices' of IBL classroom materials that connect to the World of Work (WoW) and is supported by established guidelines.This deliverable shows our research into collecting and analyzing IBL classroom materials that connect to the WoW and explains how we use this analysis to judge the usefulness of existing classroom materials for the mascil project.The final collection of classroom materials will be presented in an online database at the end of 2016, the current collection (about 20 'core examples' within a total of 40+ tasks)is already available at the European mascil website.The project mascil consists of 18 teams in 13 countries and aims to promote a widespread use of inquiry-based science teaching (IBST) in primary and secondary schools. The major innovation of mascil is to connect IBST in school with the world of work making science more meaningful for young European students and motivating their interest in careers in S & T. As a first step we will identify and review existing classroom materials that develop mathematical, scientific and interdisciplinary inquiry in rich vocational contexts (for primary and secondary school pupils). Through these materials students will experience and understand the usefulness of skills and knowledge learned at school, because they experience purpose and utility, leading to a greater interest as well as motivation for mathematics and science. The first official release of the classroom material collection (deliverable) is presented in a detailed report below. The report is organized around the core tasks that have accomplished by the leading team in cooperation with the whole mascil Consortium and led to the current online presentation of the materials collection. In the Annexes a detailed description of the classroom task structure and the final version of the (re)design Guidelines can be found.


Present investigation entitled "Response of plant growth regulators (NAA) and (GA3) on growth and yield attributes of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) at Dehradun Valley Region" was conducted at Horticulture Research Block, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand during summer season from April 2019 - July 2019. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The ten treatments comprised following levels of GA3 concentrations viz.10ppm, 25ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, and NAA 50ppm, 100ppm, 10ppm, 25ppm, 150ppm and control. Among all the treatments it was concluded that for growth as well as yield attributes, NAA @50 ppm gave maximum plant height (34.6 cm), number of branches (51.6), number of leaves(56.3), days to 50% flowering (46.10), flowers per plant (3.6) and fruits per plant(51.6), fruit yield per plant (400.00g), yield per plot (10.56 kg), yield per hectare (146.10 q), fruit length(17.6cm) and fruit breadth(3.9cm). From this experiment, it was concluded that 50 ppm of NAA can be recommended in chilli for its better growth and yield.


This article presents the results of a comparative investigation into educators' experiences of workplace violence in private and public secondary schools in Tshwane, Gauteng. Specific foci are experiences of, exposure to and perceptions of risk and safety, and policies and prevention strategies to combat workplace violence in school settings. A cross-sectional survey design was used to gather data from 122 educators working at six schools in the Tshwane metropolitan area. In addition to descriptive results, bivariate data analyses were conducted to identify significant differences between public and private schools. Educators at public schools were more likely to be aware of violence against a colleague; experienced more personal violence in the form of physical and verbal violence; bullying; and vandalism by learners. They were also at greater risk of victimisation in the form of unequal treatment and favouritism. The opportunity to victimise educators is greatest during classes, especially in public schools . The findings validate public school educators' adverse views of safety and risk in the workplace. The researchers made a number of recommendations, inter alia for increased awareness, training and dissemination of information related to workplace violence among all school staff. Furthermore, that the development and implementation of policies regarding workplace violence must receive priority.


A study was made of the effects of heat exchange on gas flow at subsonic and supersonic velocities. The difference was determined by analyzing one- dimensional flow of a completely nonviscous gas. (R.V.J.)


Base station sleep mode is an effective method to reduce the energy consumption of cellular networks. Taking into account a cellular network, its central base station (BS) can turn into sleep mode when the traffic is low and the users in this cell can access to neighbor active cells. A user offloading algorithm for the sleeping cell is investigated. The energy consumption of the cellular network in sleep mode is analyzed first, based on which an optimization problem on user offloading is proposed from minimizing the total energy consumption. Then a practical and effective algorithm is proposed which considered about the traffic load balance. Several simulations are conducted and the results turn out that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the total energy consumption.


Introduced the wear of heating surface of circulating fluidized bed boiler,analyzed the causes of wear,proposed effective wear prevention governance measures with actual transformation cases.


Changing the order of variables in bivariate triangular sets has applications in Trager's factorization algorithm, or in rational function integration. We discuss the complexity of this question, using baby steps / giant steps techniques and trace formulas, obtaining subquadratic estimates.


This study considers a two-machine flowshop with a limited waiting time constraint between the two machines and sequence-dependent setup times on the second machine. These characteristics are motivated from semiconductor manufacturing systems. The objective of this scheduling problem is to minimize the total tardiness. In this study, a mixed-integer linear programming formulation was provided to define the problem mathematically and used to find optimal solutions using a mathematical programming solver, CPLEX. As CPLEX required a significantly long computation time because this problem is known to be NP-complete, a genetic algorithm was proposed to solve the problem within a short computation time. Computational experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm and the suggested GA outperformed the other heuristics considered in the study.


A third-order loop filter (LF) using a single op-amp resonator is presented for continuous-time delta-sigma modulators. The proposed technique improves both the power and area efficiencies by reducing the number of active components and simplifying the modulator topology. It also enhances the controllability of the transfer function and resonating condition of the single op-amp LF by using positive feedback. A more power-efficient implementation is obtained with an autonomous common-mode dynamic comparator. Fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS technology, the modulator occupies an active area of 0.14 mm2 and consumes 37.4- ${\mu }\text{W}$  power from a 1.8-V supply. It achieves a dynamic range of 72.5 dB and a peak signal-to-noise and distortion ratio of 67.3 dB in a 150-kHz signal bandwidth when clocked at 12 MHz. The Walden figure-of-merit of the modulator is 65.9 fJ/conv.-step.


Automatic Land Usage Identification is one of the most demanded research areas in Remote Sensing. One of the primitive sources for Land Usage Identification is Aerial images. Automatic Land Usage Identification is implemented by exploring different feature extraction methods whereas, these features are categorized into local and global content description of image. Fusion of local and global features may be a potential approach for land usage identification. Accordingly, the major contribution of work presented here is fusion of global color features extracted using TSBTC n-ary method (applied on entire image) and local features extracted using Bernsen thresholding method applied on 3*3 windows of image for land usage identification. Consideration of more than one machine learning classifiers as an ensemble has shown better results than that of individual machine learning classifiers. In proposed work here, Thepade's Sorted n-ary Block Truncation Coding (TSBTC n-ary) is explored in aerial image feature extraction with nine variations from TSBTC 2-ary till TSBTC 10-ary. The performance appraise of proposed Land Usage Identification technique is done using UC Merced Dataset having 2100 images categorized into 21 land usage types. In consideration performance measures like Accuracy, F Measure and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC); the TSBTC 10-ary global features extraction method has given better land usage identification as compare to Bernsen thresholding local feature extraction method. The proposed method enhances the identification of land usage through feature level fusion of TSBTC 10-ary global features and Bernsen thresholding local features. Along with nine individual machine learning algorithms, ensembles of varied machine learning algorithms are used for further performance improvement of the proposed land usage identification technique.


ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a visual-tactile examination and a laser fluorescence device for detecting residual dentinal caries after carious dentin removal with bur excavation, hand excavation and chemomechanical excavation (Carisolv™]. Methods: Thirty extracted coronal caries primary second molars were used. The caries infected dentin has been removed. A blinded examiner checked all cavities for residual caries using a visualtactile examination and laser fluorescence. Then the teeth were sectioned through the prepared cavities andthe two halves of each tooth were processed for light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The presence or absence of residual caries was verified using polarized light microscopy as the gold standard. The cavity floor dentin after removing carious dentin was examined using SEM. Results: In among all groups a significant difference is determined between visual-tactile examination and laser fluorescence (P<.05). There was an agreement between laser fluorescence or visual-tactile examination and histological gold standard (P>.05). In addition, SEM images of the surfaces with the caries removed have shown that a vast majority of the tubule openings is observed to be open in the samples of the Carisolv group in opposition to the other groups. Conclusions: The laser fluorescence system could be effective in checking the removal by other methods, such as bur or Carisolv and avoid excessive removal of the sound dentin. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:176-184)


New construction or repair of existing structures dealing with the placement of concrete underwater poses certain challenges that require special placement techniques, and more specifically, specialized mixture proportions. Anti-washout admixtures (AWA), based on water-soluble polymers of various types, have been developed for use in concrete placed underwater in order to minimize cement washout and provide in-place concrete of satisfactory quality. These admixtures create a cohesive paste phase either by binding free mix water or by enhancing interparticle attraction. Hence, they are finding additional uses such as segregation or bleed control agents, and viscosity modifiers. Recently, the need for a viscosity modifying agent arose in a dam rehabilitation project in Alabama where a grout curtain was being placed to control seepage under the dam. To verify the feasibility of using an AWA in the grout mixtures for this project, a preliminary study was performed in the laboratory to investigate the performance of fluid grouts treated with a unique cellulose-based liquid AWA developed for underwater concreting. The effect of this unique AWA on the plastic properties of fluid and flowable grouts are presented in this paper. The results indicate that it is possible to use this admixture to modify grout viscosity, minimize bleeding characteristics, and improve washout resistance of fluid and flowable grout mixtures. Applications that might benefit from these improvements include: grouting riprap in tidal zones; and placement of grout curtains to minimize water seepage under dams.


ASTRID is a storage ring/synchrotron for ions and electrons. Results from the first 3 years of commissioning and running will be presented. A wide range of both positive and negative ions (both atomic and molecular) varying in mass from sHe to CT0 (Buckminsterfullerene) have been stored in the ring. The physics has been centered around laser-cooling, lifetime measurements of metastable ions and electron recombination. The ring is 2x3 months a year operational as a 580 MeV synchrotron radiation source (X, = 35 A), with stored currents (presently) around 150 mA. Initially beam-loading problems in the rf-cavity hindered large currents, but a fast feedback loop has circumvented this problem. Presently the current is limited by the injection rate at 100 MeV and the lifetime of the beam, at high currents influenced by ions trapped in the beam.


This paper examines the influence of ramp-event of aggregated power output fluctuation of photovoltaic power generation system (PVS) on the power system frequency. A numerical simulation model of economic load dispatching control (EDC) and load — frequency control (LFC) is utilized together with a PVS power output forecasting model and a unit commitment (UC) scheduling model developed in our preceding study. In the case of ramp event with long duration and rapid ramp rate, the power output of controllable generators with high load following capability reaches to the limit even though the power output change of low load following capability generators is still available. As a result, the frequency deviation from the acceptable range occurs. When the load dispatch scheme is temporary switched from the conventional EDC using an equal incremental fuel cost rule to the dispatching based on the capacity without the consideration of fuel cost, the aggregated load-following capability can be preserved and the frequency deviation can be avoided.


A method is derived for optimum estimation of doppler, doppler time derivative, and other parameters for doppler-type radar returns, using linear least-squares estimation procedures. It is used on radar returns from the Naval Space Surveillance System to obtain improvement of at least one order of magnitude in doppler measurement from previous practice; doppler derivative has been measured for the first time. The accurate measurement of doppler derivative (typically ±0.2 Hz2) has enabled a resolution of the inherent geometric degeneracy in the coplanar NAVSPASUR system, to provide a significant improvement in single-pass orbit determination accuracy.


obtained. Such changes as were seen-focal necrosis or portal infiltration-were found to an equal extent in the control animals of the same age which had received arachis oil only. Among the 68 rats dying during the course of the experiments liver necrosis characteristic of acute poisoning with D.D.T. was seen in two. This suggested that there had been an acute lowering of the animal's tolerance to D.D.T. owing to intercurrent infection. No rat showed any histological evidence that could be called characteristic of chronic D.D.T. poisoning. The findings of Fitzhugh and Nelson (1947) and Laug et al. (1950) have not been confirmed. Sections of normal rat liver were compared after fixation in 10% formalin, 10% formol saline, and Helly's fluid for various periods'and staining with haematoxylin and eosin. Basophilic cytoplasmic granules are often observed in the normal rat liver cells. Margination of basophilic cytoplasmic granules are common fixation artifacts. They are seen especially in formalin-fixed tissues and are more marked if the tissue is deliberately badly fixed. Formalin is not a suitable fixative for cytological study. The photomicrographs that illustrate the paper of Laug et al. (1950) suggest badly fixed tissues.


A renewed interest has recently been manifest in the biochemical factors bearing on otosclerosis. At the meeting of the German Otolaryngologic Congress in 1932, and previously, at the meeting of the Southwest Society of German Otolaryngologists, Grahe and Griebel 1 reported a series of experiments with the blood serum of known otosclerotic patients on ground up bone of the labyrinth, which gave up its calcium and phosphorus to a greater degree than when exposed to normal serum. They attributed this to the action of a ferment on the order of a phosphatase in the blood of otosclerotic persons. At the 1933 congress of German otolaryngologists, Krainze 2 reported experiments on rabbits with artificially induced acidosis, resulting in increased porosity of the labyrinthine bone and deposition of uncalcified bone and also general rachitic-like changes in the skeleton. Barth, 3 using parathyroid extract in rats and guinea-pigs, reported changes in the labyrinth


The utility model discloses a butt-joint device for a horizontal well logging cable and a logging instrument. The butt-joint device comprises a male connector and a female connector, wherein one end of the male connector is connected with the logging instrument; one end of the female connector is connected with the logging cable. The butt-joint device is characterized in that the male connector further comprises a guide conical head and a male head conductive ring; the female connector further comprises a positioning ring and a female head conductive ring; the butt-joint device further comprises a radial reed; the radial reed is arranged on the female connector; the radial reed is used for keeping the male head conductive ring and the female head conductive ring contacted all the time, so as to increase the conductivity between the male connector and the female connector.


Capillaries, as the smallest vessels in the microcirculation, represent the most essential site for oxygen delivery; yet, given their overwhelming density and complicated geometry, understanding how they integrate within the broader microvascular network has been challenging.


Kernels of wild-type maize (Zea mays L.) shrunken-i (shi), deficient in the predominant form of endosperm sucrose synthase and shrunken-2 (sh2), deficient in 95% of the endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase were grown in culture on sucrose, glucose, or fructose as the carbon source. Analysis of the endosperm extracts by gas-liquid chromatography revealed that sucrose was present in the endosperms of all genotypes, regardless of carbon supply, indicating that all three genotypes are capable of synthesizing sucrose from reducing sugars. The finding that sucrose was present in shl kernels grown on reducing sugars is evidence that shrunken-i encoded sucrose synthase is not necessary for sucrose synthesis. Shrunken-i kernels developed to maturity and produced viable seeds on all carbon sources, but unlike wild-type and sh2 kernels grown in vitro, sucrose was not the superior carbon source. This latter result provides further evidence that the role of sucrose synthase in maize endosperm is primarily that of sucrose degradation. In cereals, the metabolic machinery involved in utilizing the hexoses of sucrose which enters the base of the seed and ultimately converts that carbon into starch in the endosperm has been the subject of many investigations. In attempts to identify and order the intermediates involved in this long and complicated pathway, studies have recently focused on sucrose and the number of times it appears in the flow of carbon through this path. While it is clear that sucrose is the form of sugar that enters the seed, it still remains an open question whether sucrose is resynthesized from C-6 sugars in the process of starch synthesis. Jenner (8, 9) using asymmetrically labeled sucrose, concluded that sucrose was not broken down and resynthesized in the developing wheat kernel. In the case of maize endosperm we previously showed (3) that ['4C]sucrose was the major sugar found in the ethanol soluble fraction of kernels grown on labeled sucrose. With a chase on unlabeled sucrose medium, labeled reducing sugars accumulated at the expense of sucrose. The observed kinetic pattern of labeling was not consistent with any model that invokes breakdown and resynthesis of the majority of sucrose in the normal flow of carbon into starch. Recently, Schmalstig and Hitz (12) showed that the sucrose analog, 1'fluorosucrose, could be transported into the maize endosperm. 'Supported in part by the Herman Frash Foundation, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 8907. Parts of this work were taken from a dissertation submitted by B. G. C. in partial fulfillment of the Ph.D. degree, University of Florida. 2 Present address: Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843. Since this molecule is not hydrolyzed by invertase this suggests that hydrolysis of sucrose is not a requirement for uptake. Perhaps unexpectedly, maize kernels have the ability to grow and develop into viable seeds when sucrose is replaced with reducing sugars (3). This observation clearly shows that sucrose is not essential for kernel development and raises the possibility that there is some interconversion of the various sugars that come early in the metabolic path. Consistent with this are the earlier observations of Shannon and coworkers (4, 13-15) who showed that sucrose can be broken down upon entry into the maize seed. Their data further suggest that sucrose may be resynthesized in the endosperm cells before entry into the starch biosynthetic pathway. By use of the in vitro kernel development scheme of Gengenbach (6) as modified by us (2) we can ask very simple and directly whether kernels have the ability to synthesize sucrose when they are allowed to develop on reducing sugars. This is the subject of the following report. The data clearly show that kernels of the wild-type genotype, as well as shI and sh2, can synthesize sucrose from reducing sugars. Since this conversion is not reduced in the shI mutant, deficient in the predominant SS3 (UDPG: 1-fructose 2-glucosyl-transferase, EC 18.104.22.168), this enzyme must not be necessary for the observed conversion. Indeed, data presented here support the view that the physiological role ofSS is predominantly that of sucrose degradation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material. Ears of shl, sh2, and wild-type maize (Zea mays L.) were hand pollinated and harvested at 5 dpp. These were transported on ice and held at 4°C until processed. The outer husks were removed, the ear sprayed with ethanol and flamed. Ear sections, consisting of 2 rows of 8 kernels, were removed and placed in media containing sucrose (150 g L'), glucose (150 g L`), or fructose (150 g L-') as described previously (2, 3). The sections consisted ofthe pollinated ovules attached to approximately a 4 mm thick cob base. Three sections were placed into each 150 x 50 mm Petri dish and samples were removed for analysis every 5 days through 35 dpp. Kernels were extracted in 5 volumes of 80% ethanol (w:v), filtered through Whatman No. 4, and the filtrate collected for soluble carbohydrate determinations. The residue remaining on the filter paper was washed twice with ethanol, dried, and used for starch determinations. Sugar Determinations. Two mL of the filtrate were dried and lipids removed by partitioning with hexane and H20 (1: 1, V:V). The aqueous phase was dried and the residue derivatized using the methods of Ferguson et aL (5). Changes in sucrose, glucose, and fructose concentrations through development were deter3Abbreviations: SS, sucrose synthase; dpp, days postpollination.


Gay villages have been developing as a feature of Western cities since the 1980s. By the 1990s, their markets diversified and expanded and they were redefined as 'queer' sites. While the incorporation of lesbian nightlife into gay villages played a pivotal role in this diversification, their participation has received limited attention in the urban studies literature. This paper, therefore, uses a case study of Montreal to analyze the relationship between lesbian identities and the production of commodified 'queer space' in the city's Village gai in the 1990s. In contrast with the literature that stresses their exclusions, I argue that this site was productive in terms of reworking lesbian identities. I begin by examining the development of the gay village as a location for lesbian nightlife in the 1990s. Next, I analyze the changing content of lesbian bar advertisements that came with this relocation. Finally, I use in-depth interviews with lesbians regarding their perceptions of the Village, its nightlife spaces and emerging Village lesbian identities. The paper finds that although lesbians often felt marginalized in gay village space, this site was central to the production and expression of new forms of lesbian identity in the 1990s.


Group differences in unilateral lesion sequolae may suggest group differences in brain organization, but only if the two groups have equivalent lesions. In an analysis of sex and age on neuropsychological performance, we quantified lesion size and location, based on CT images. Significant sex by group (left, right, controls) interactions were found for variables most related to left hemisphere functions (verbal intellectual, right motor, right sensory), but not for variables most related to right hemisphere functions (nonverbal intellectual, left motor, left sensory). For each interaction, left males performed worse than left females, but right males were better than right females. Further, these sex differences were not due to sex differences in lesion parameters. Age was not a major determinant of lesion sequelae.


Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a member of the Papillomaviridae family which infects squamous cells and mucous layers of humans. Cancer-causing expression of high-risk HPV-infected cells is an unsuccessful, terminal occasion since most disease cells contain incorporated HPV genomes and do create virus descendants. If the reconciliation of high-risk HPV genomes without a doubt addresses an outcome of HPV E6/E7-incited genomic instability, it gives the idea that such a replication procedure may put high-risk HPVs in a difficult situation contrasted with the generally low-risk HPVs that infect the anogenital mucosa. Low-risk HPV E6 and E7 proteins add to the virus life cycle; however they have a significantly lower changing expression and do not incite genomic instability. Low-risk HPV E7 proteins tie to pRB at a diminished proficiency and do not instigate pRB destabilization. HPV E6 proteins don't proficiently communicate with p53 and are uncouth for p53 debasement. High-risk HPVs can as often as possible continue in an infected host cell at a low duplicate number for quite a long time, regularly without causing clinically obvious injuries. A modest number of basal epithelial cells have attributes of immature microorganisms and continually produce differenciated squamous epithelial cells to keep up the trustworthiness of the epithelium for the duration of the existence of the organic entity. The review aimed to sum up the present status of information in regards to the role of the HPV virus in oncogenesis.