Previous studies confirmed that optometrists have access to and confidence in applying clinical tests recommended for glaucoma assessment. Less is known about factors best predicting compliance with national clinical guidelines and thus by inference, the provision of suitable care by primary care ophthalmic practitioners. We utilised the unique two‐tiered profession (therapeutic and non‐therapeutic scope of practice) in Australia and New Zealand to assess the prospective adherence to glaucoma guidelines dependent on the clinician's background.


A laser induced thermal lens technique has been employed to evaluate the dynamic thermal parameter, the thermal diffusivity, of gold nanofluids. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by citrate reduction of HAuCl4 in water. The UVVIS optical absorption spectra show an absorption peak around 540 nm owing to surface Plasmon resonance band of the gold particles. The thermal diffusivity of gold nanoparticles was evaluated by knowing the time constant of transient thermal lens obtained by fitting the experimental curve to the theoretical model of the mode-matched thermal lens. Analyses of the results show that the nanofluid exhibits lower thermal diffusivity value in comparison to the host medium, water. Further investigations also reveal that the concentration of nanoparticles in the fluid have influence on the measured thermal diffusivity value. Results are interpreted in terms of interfacial thermal resistance around the nanoparticles as well as on the clustering of nanoparticles.


In the traditional Internet architecture,the IP address functions as the locator as well as the identifier.This dual nature makes it difficult to enable mobility in train communication.In this paper,a new Internet architecture based on identifier-locator split is proposed.In the proposed architecture,the IP address functions only as the locator while the endpoint identifier is introduced to function as the transport identifier.The train communication scheme based on this architecture is proposed.The nodes in the train communicate with the nodes within the Internet through the mobile gateway.The mobile gateway re-encapsulates the packets before forwarding them for the MANET nodes.The scheme introduces route updating option and route acknowledgement option to update the routes.These options are encapsulated in the IPv6 hop-by-hop options header.The performance simulation results show that the new scheme has the higher packet delivery ratio and lower packet overhead than the traditional communication scheme based on MIPv6.


Issues related to the housing problems are significant in every phase of economic growth. The functioning of this sector combines economic, legal, social and political elements, but this study focuses mainly on the economic and social ones which should influence the shape of the legal and economic system as a factor that supports the effectiveness of housing mechanisms. As example, the analysis of the demographic factors leads to the conclusion that the prognoses for the future need to take into account current demographic parameters, including the substitution of generations. A detailed analysis shows that the growth of this market is closely related to satisfying specific housing needs of the ageing society whose lifespan is getting increasingly longer. As it has also been shown, the social changes within the average Polish family, new patterns and lifestyles affect the younger generation's expectations and needs. The process is particularly important when the demographic slump or baby boom generations start entering the job market and, subsequently, influence the demand for apartments. The aim is to answer the question: do demographic processes connected with housing needs play a significant role in the city strategy? Or housing problems it's only local political problems? In paper Author discus about strategy and local housing policy. What is more, housing problems connected with local government policy has become a new research area. It has offered new opportunities to apply numerous statistical methods and instruments.


Patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) may have epicardial or microvascular dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to characterize patterns of epicardial and microvascular dysfunction in men and women with stable and unstable angina undergoing functional coronary angiography to inform medical therapy.


With the growth of e-mail advertising, advertisers must manage their e-mail frequency to preserve opt-in lists in an environment of saturation. This paper presents two empirical studies suggesting that to alleviate consumers' perception of being under heavy e-mail pressure, advertisers should help them discard nonrelevant e-mails with minimum effort. The research reveals that perceived pressure from any one advertiser is an individual phenomenon. Under conditions of low relevance, the effect of this pressure on unsubscriptions is moderated by the execution of e-mail advertising. Consumer perception of pressure from any one advertiser is crucial, as managers can control their own advertising but not overall e-mail advertising volume.


The combined challenges of growing populations, climate change and increasing scarcity of raw materials is driving innovation in materials and design. The motivation to innovate comes from the economic impact of not doing so, as well as consumer demand, with mature customers actively seeking out more environmentally sustainable solutions.


This study aims at identifying the effect of the millennial generation's perceptions regarding risks, security, and trust in the Internet when utilizing e-government services. A total of 291 data items were collected through online surveys and this information was analysed quantitatively with the SEM method by employing the Smart PLS application. The confidence of this generation in applications is observed to be influenced by software quality and trust in the internet, but not information quality and faith in the government. Furthermore, trust in the internet is unaffected by internal risk, while the intention to use this medium is influenced by reliance on applications and also affected user behaviour.


Summary Thrombin, incubated with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (150 nmol 2,3-DPG/1 NIH thrombin unit) lost up to 70% of its clotting activity, whereas the esterase activity remained unchanged. No fibrinopeptide release by thrombin was observed in the presence of 2,3-DPG. The fibrin polymerization was normal. By chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50, α-thrombin was eluted at pH 8.0. In presence of 2,3-DPG, α-thrombin was not eluted. Likely, 2,3-DPG can interfere with thrombin.


The O 2 uptake of soybean roots nodulated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain PJ 17 and its response to external oxygen pressures (pO 2 ) were measured in situ, 40-45 days after sowing (DAS), on plants grown hydroponically with either limiting (low-P) or non-limiting (control) orthophosphate (P i ) supplied weekly. At this age, shoot mass, nodule mass and number of nodules of low-P plants were respectively 35, 14 and 26% of those of control plants, whereas root mass was not significantly affected by P nutrition. The mean individual mass and size of nodules were also lower in low-P plants. The rate of O 2 uptake for growth and maintenance of root and nodule tissue of low-P plants was 35% of control values. By contrast, the nodule nitrogenase-linked O 2 uptake and the nodule permeability to O 2 of low-P plants were respectively 210 and 190% of those of control plants at ambient pO 2 . However, P deficiency did not significantly affect the specific acetylene reducing activity of nodule nitrogenase at 45 DAS nor the ratio of whole plant N fixed to nodule mass at 75 DAS. It is argued that P deficiency induces an increase in nodule O 2 uptake per electron transfered by nitrogenase and an alteration in the structural features of nodules that are related to permeability to O 2 .


Following the 2010 federal election, Prime Minister Julia Gillard signed several agreements with various independents and the Greens that included undertakings to introduce a Code of Conduct for members of the Commonwealth Parliament and appoint a Parliamentary Integrity Commissioner who, under the supervision of the House and Senate Privileges Committees, would have functions that would include providing advice to MPs and Senators and investigating complaints against them. The proposals have not been implemented at the time of writing but are still alive. These and other integrity proposals were part of the policy agendas of the Greens and some of the independent MPs either before the election, or immediately afterwards. It is interesting to note that Parliament took its time to consider and debate their adoption: that there was no urgency suggests that there was little external pressure to settle the issues that had been raised. These proposals were not a response to public outrage over any scandalous events, of which there have been very few at the national level in Australia. The same can be said about the slow implementation by the Baillieu Government in Victoria of changes to that State's integrity system. While the new Coalition Government had policies about these matters going into the election in 2010 it has been under little external pressure to put them into effect with any degree of urgency. Recent history suggests that changes to integrity systems, particularly when they directly affect Ministers and Members of Parliament, are undertaken or expedited mainly in the wake of either public scandals or strongly growing concern at a diminution in public confidence about government, parliament and parliamentarians. I propose to look at such developments in Britain and in Queensland, their causes and their consequences, with a view to seeing whether the traditional role and independence of MPs have been affected in any meaningful way by the changes that have occurred and to see whether the changes that have occurred have impacted on their integrity.


In 1908, Booker T. Washington stepped off the Fort Smith and Western Railway train into the town of Boley, Oklahoma. Washington found a bustling main street home to over 2,500 African American citizens. He described this collective of individuals as unified around a common goal, "with the definite intention of getting a home and building up a community where they can, as they say, be 'free.'" The main street was the physical manifestation of this idea, the center of the community. It was comprised of ordinary banks, store front shops, theaters, and social clubs, all of which connected to form a dynamic cosmopolitan street— an architectural collective form. Each building aligned with its neighbor creating a single linear street, a space where the culture of the town thrived. This public space became a symbol of the extraordinary lives and ideology of its citizens, who produced an intentional utopia in the middle of the prairie. Boley is one of more than fifty "All-Black Towns" that developed in "Indian Territory" before Oklahoma became a state. Despite their prominence, these towns' potential and influence was suppressed when the territory became a state in 1907. State development was driven by lawmaker's ambition to control the sovereign land of Native Americans and impose control over towns like Boley by enacting Jim Crow Laws legalizing segregation. This agenda manifests itself in the form and ideology of the state's colonial towns. However, the story of the state's history does not reflect the narrative of colonization. Instead, it is dominated by tales of sturdy "pioneers" realizing their role within the myth of manifest destiny. In contrast, Boley's history is an alternative to this myth, a symbol of a radical ideology of freedom, and a form that reinforces this idea. Boley's narrative begins to debunk the myth of manifest destiny and contrast with other colonial town forms. This paper explores the relationship between the architectural form of Boley's main street and the town's cultural significance, linking the founding community's ideology to architectural spaces that transformed the ordinary street into a dynamic social space. The paper compares Boley's unified linear main street, which emphasized its citizens and their freedom, with another town typology built around the same time: Perry's centralized courthouse square that emphasized the seat of power that was colonizing Cherokee Nation land. Analysis of these slightly varied architectural forms and ideologies reorients the historical narrative of the state. As a result, these suppressed urban stories, in particular that of Boley's, are able to make new contributions to architectural discourse on the city and also change the dominant narratives of American Expansion.


To implement high‐order multiuser multiple input and multiple output (MU‐MIMO) for massive MIMO systems, there must be a feedback scheme that can warrant its performance with a limited signaling overhead. The interference‐to‐noise ratio can be a basis for a novel form of Codebook (CB)‐based MU‐MIMO feedback scheme. The objective of this paper is to verify such a scheme's performance under a practical system configuration with a 3D channel model in various radio environments. We evaluate the performance of various CB‐based feedback schemes with different types of overhead reduction approaches, providing an experimental ground with which to optimize a CB‐based MU‐MIMO feedback scheme while identifying the design constraints for a massive MIMO system.


In spite of the huge amount of studies and researches focused on the dogana della mena delle pecore di Foggia, the custom house that managed the transhumance from Abruzzi to Apulia between the fifteenth and the nineteenth century, few scholars have accurately turned their attention to the varied typology of written records released by kings, viceroys and officials in Naples and Foggia in order to administrate and reform one of the most important and profitable institutions of the kingdom. This paper closely considers the surviving documentation from the Magnanimous reorganization of the dogana (forties of the fifteenth century) to the reintegra (cadastral inquiry) carried on roughly one hundred years later (1548-
1555), throwing new light on the intricate process of drafting and archiving records in Foggia and Naples and, in general, on the functioning of the dogana during its first century of life.


In activity of manufaktur, for schedulling of production often do not be used in an optimal fashion. This matter is resulted from costly of Scheduling Software in this time which assumed can fulfill requirement of an industrial company, to make easier the making of scheduling application. Therefore the manual system of the scheduling production more selected by industrial companys, although with a few weakness which influence the system work from the company. To make easier the work of planning and cut in working time there must be an production schedule, and at Tenun Pelangi company, Lawang-Malang, to day using a few of new methodologies to various many the production control and operation, attributed to operation of facility. But the change of the request suddenly result the delivery of order pursued and sometime the amount disagree with the order. Problems, the solution is with used the Information from that system Scheduling of Production, and in this case the writer use Campbell-Dudek And Smith methode ( CDS) either through manual and by system computer try to look for solution of scheduling of scheduling production and expected can find optimal makspan. To determine Information system Scheduling of Production by system computerization, supported by using aliance from 2 (two software) that is : Software Quantitative System (QS) and of Software Microsoft Excel. The more of the 2 (two) software that is can determine sequence of job with optimal makespan. And to operate Information system Scheduling of Production base on the the computer required by production datas cover process time data, compiler component, product code or type, amount of data and machine request of consumer. In course of scheme of Information System, which is more important to the target is to define how system, who is system user-user, and what requirement of informations of user. This matter to become scheme goals object, so that system. Whit the system of the scheduling production by computer, we hope can be the solution from all the problems of manufactur from every industrial company, to the delivery of pursued order and the amount disagree with the order not be constraint any more for the indistrial company. Keyword : Manufaktur, Perancangan, Sistem Informasi, Penjadwalan Produksi, Perubahan Permintaan Link terkait : http://skripsi.umm.ac.id/files/disk1/190/jiptummpp-gdl-s1-2007-fikychrisd-9481-1.+Penda-n.pdf


This paper summarizes the present utilization situation of mineral resource in China and sustainable development of mining industry,and introduces the characteristics of mineral resource,and analyzes some existing problems in comprehensive utilization of mineral resource,and gives its corresponding measures,and sets forth the strategic status and significance of mineral resource comprehensive utilization in China.In China,paragenetic and associated minerals ore deposits have been multitudinous,and protecting, reasonable developing and optimum comprehensive utilizing mineral resource must be put into action in our country mining industry.


Abstract. The SOILN model with a crop growth submodel for grass and cereal crops and the associated soil water and heat model SOIL were selected out of a number of similar models to simulate nitrogen cycling in a soil/crop system. The main parameter values required by the model were selected on the basis of a combination of field experiments and literature sources. Experimental data measured on grassland at Dumfries in the West of Scotland and on arable land at Bush Estate near Edinburgh were used to test the model. Simulated biomass yields and nitrogen contents of harvested biomass were in reasonable agreement with measured values for both grass and cereal crops. There were similar trends in accumulated leached nitrate between the simulations and experiments at the sites. Any discrepancy between simulated and measured nitrate leached appeared to correspond to similar discrepancies between simulated and measured water flow. The comparison between simulated and experimental results suggests that the model with the selected parameter values can simulate nitrogen and carbon cycling both in grassland and in arable land, and make convincing predictions about the effects of varying soil, crop, fertilizer and manure management practices. A basic sensitivity analysis carried out on the parameters determining the biological and biochemical processes showed the model predictions of annual N‐leaching are relatively insensitive to all but two of the plant parameters. However, the model predictions of annual N‐harvested and dry mass production are sensitive to numerous plant parameters.


This paper deals with the theory and implementation of a module generator for CMOS buffers. The generator, written in C, outputs design and layout of globally optimal buffers. Analytical models for design objetives are presented, and novel algorithms are discussed. Different techniques has been combined to solve the circuit optimization problem with very low computational costs. Results show that usual solutions with constant tapering factor and constant P/N width ratio are never optimal. The paper concentrates mainly on global optimization of transistor sizes. Variations of process, design and layout parameters with respect to each objetive function are studied in detail.


Traumatic Lesions of the Optic Chiasma. E. H. Campell and E. White (New York State Journal of Medicine, 1st June, 1938).?The authors publish two cases of bitemporal hemianopsia following head injuries. Only about thirty authentic cases had been reported up to 1935. The causative injury is usually a violent one, and is followed by a varying period of unconsciousness lasting from a few hours to days. Subsequent adiposity and diabetes insipidus indicating damage to the hypothalamic mechanism, has been observed on several


We have investigated the compositional and structural properties of blue emitting BaAl2S4:Eu electroluminescent thin films fabricated by switching electron-beam evaporation using two targets. The use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the ratio of barium to sulfur in thin films is 1.0:2.0, which is identical to the stoichiometry of BaAl2S4. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks from the thin film were assigned to those of a BaAl2S4 crystal. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows emission from the 4f65d→4f7 transition of the activated Eu2+ ions in BaAl2S4 crystals. These results indicate that the crystalline phase in thin films is only BaAl2S4. The thin films also contain a large amount of oxygen impurities, which result in the formation of an Al2O3 layer and amorphous barium aluminate.


Numerical simulation of magneto-convection heat transfer and fluid flow is analysed in an enclosure with a centrally located adiabatic square-shaped body using finite volume method. The enclosure's opposite walls (right and left) are heated and cooled, respectively, and the other walls are adiabatic. The effects of Rayleigh number (Ra = 103—106), Hartmann number (Ha = 0, 50, and 100), and ratio of the body's length to the enclosure's length (W/ L = 0.1—0.9) on the temperature and flow fields are analysed. The Prandtl number is assumed to be 0.02 representing a liquid metal. In the casting process, when a magnetic field is introduced, the convection strength is suppressed and this operation leads to a fine grain structure. To find how the average Nusselt number changes, the average vertical velocity in a certain location is also calculated. It was observed that the body's length affects the flow and temperature fields. It was also found that with increasing the W/ L, heat transfer decreased at low Rayleigh numbers but increased at the beginning and then decreased at high Rayleigh numbers.


This paper investigates the possibility of replacing diesel with an alternative fuel. The Alternative fuels used in this paper are waste plastic pyrolysis oil blended with diesel. The blends are tested for properties like viscosity, flash point, fire point and calorific value, density and then compared with the properties of diesel to ensure that the alternative fuel is similar to the diesel. Then only we can use this alternative fuel for our performance and emission test that conducted on the single cylinder four stroke diesel engines. The results of this investigation proves that the above made blends may be used an alternative fuel for diesel in engines and automobiles as the shows similar physical properties as that of diesel.


Large transactions take very long time to access the data and the system performance will be degraded and the speed will be reduced. In order to maintain large transactions in an easy and faster way a concept called slicing is used in this paper. Slicing is a process of grouping of two data into a single data in order to reduce the space and also to reduce the time taken to produce the data. The slicing uses two concepts as generalization and bucketization. Generalization is a process where the grouped data can be viewed separately if required in order to get a clear view of the data in the database. Bucketization is the process where the data are found with the help of the age perspective. The original data and the duplicate data are separated using this process. The slicing partitions the data both horizontally and vertically. The main advantage of the slicing is that it handles the high dimensional data.


With a height of 257 m,the long span crossing tower over mountain Ma'an of the 500 kV Chuma line of East China Power Grid is the highest steel pipe tower being constructed in China.The technical essentials of the tower's manufacture and quality check are presented in the aspects of material supply,manufacture,anti-corrosion treatment,trial assembly and packing,and standards adopted,providing a reference for staff specializing in structure design,manufacture,construction,supervision,and operation of long span crossing steal pipe towers for power transmission.


In this paper, a Ku-band 1 watt AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs PHEMT MMIC power amplifier for VSAT ODU (outdoor unit) applications is demonstrated. This four-stage amplifier is designed to fully match for a 50 ohm input and output impedance. With 7 V and 700 mA DC bias condition, the amplifier has achieved 30 dB small-signal gain, 30.8 dBm 1-dB gain compression power with 24.5% power-added efficiency (PAE) and 31.3 dBm saturation power with 27.5% PAE from 14 to 17 GHz.


Two models for packet relay and parallel processing are built for multi-hop mesh network. And serials of experiments are carried on within a multi-hop mesh testbed, which is constructed on the Linux platform based on the open source code. It is shown that the wireless backbone's bandwidth has improved more than 200%, and only decreased 6% as one hop extended. It is also shown that the access bandwidth for wireless users would be stable as the hops increasing within finite hops.


Background: p27 inhibits cell cycle and regulates autophagy in proliferating cells. However, the role of p27-regulated autophagy in nonproliferating cells was unknown. Results: A TAT-p27 fusion protein reduced apoptosis in metabolically stressed cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo by increasing autophagy. Conclusion: p27 prevents apoptosis in metabolically stressed cardiomyocytes through autophagy. Significance: These findings identify TAT-p27 as an autophagy-targeting therapeutic for cardiomyopathy. p27Kip1 (p27), a key regulator of cell division, has been implicated in autophagy of cancer cells. However, its role in autophagy, the evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that enables cells to remove unwanted proteins and damaged organelles, had not been examined in the heart. Here we report that ectopic delivery of a p27 fusion protein (TAT-p27) was sufficient to induce autophagy in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes in vitro, under basal conditions and after glucose deprivation. Conversely, lentivirus-delivered shRNA against p27 successfully reduced p27 levels and suppressed basal and glucose-deprived levels of autophagy in cardiomyocytes in vitro. Glucose deprivation mimics myocardial ischemia and induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. During glucose deprivation, TAT-p27 inhibited apoptosis, whereas down-regulation of p27 decreased survival of cardiomyocytes. However, inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological (3-methyladenine, chloroquine, or bafilomycin A1) or genetic approaches (siRNA-mediated knockdown of Atg5) sensitized cardiomyocytes to glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis, even in the presence of TAT-p27. TAT-p27 was also able to provoke greater levels of autophagy in resting and fasting cardiomyocytes in vivo. Further, TAT-p27 enhanced autophagy and repressed cardiomyocytes apoptosis, improved cardiac function, and reduced infarct size following myocardial infarction. Again, these effects were lost when cardiac autophagy in vivo was blocked by chloroquine. Taken together, these data show that p27 positively regulates cardiac autophagy in vitro and in vivo, at rest and after metabolic stress, and that TAT-p27 inhibits apoptosis by promoting autophagy in glucose-deprived cardiomyocytes in vitro and in post-myocardial infarction hearts in vivo.


The analysis of the turbulent flows in nuclear fuel bundles is a very interesting task to optimize the efficiency of modern nuclear power plants. The proposed study utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to characterize the flow pattern generated in a fuel bundle with Spacer Grids (SG) and Mixing Vanes (MV). CFD calculations were performed using different turbulence models for steady state simulations. Large Eddy Simulations (LES) scheme was applied to time dependent cases. The simulations were compared with the experimental data measured at Texas AM MV and SG are usually modeled with porous media, since the computational power required to solve the full geometry is still unacceptable. The new contribution of the study is the definition and implementation of a Momentum Sources Forcing approach that allows a detailed definition of MV and SG for coarse mesh calculations. The proposed method was investigated using different turbulence models and different numerical schemes. Also, LES calculations allowed the study of Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI), that generates vibration problems and failure of nuclear fuel pins. A spectral analysis of the forces acting on the fuel pins walls was developed. In conclusion, a comprehensive study of fuel bundle problem was proposed with benchmark of the computational techniques to the experimental data.


Universities in the UK face a shakeup in the way they are regulated if proposals set out by the government in a new green paper go ahead as planned.


The article is intended to evaluate the situation of the Latvian electricity sector and suggest a direction for its modernization in order to develop national economy and supply consumers with the resource, taking into consideration the European Union's common objectives in this sector. As a result of the data analysis, it can be concluded that the modern Latvian electricity sector can be transformed not evolutionary but revolutionary, reaching the highest level of efficiency for both the producer and the consumer.


The subsystem devices of the DECY-13 cyclotron have been installed except the RFdee device, so a final ion beam testing has not been tested for cyclically accelerated ion beam or ion beam commissioning. An initial or preliminary test of the ion beam has been performed, for preparing the final beam test. The preliminary test was carried out by measuring ion beam current in the central region of the cyclotron. The extraction of the ion beam from ion source is done by pulling the ion beam using a DC voltage of a puller mounted on a center part of the dee. The test was carried out by observing the effect of the magnitude of the cathode voltage, magnetic field and the puller voltage on the beam current that caught in a beam probe placed at a distance of 3 mm from the puller. The results of the ion beam test show that the degree of influence from the strongest is successively from the components of puller voltage, cathode voltage and magnetic field. The obtained largest ion beam current was 126 μA at the parameters of 0.86 T magnetic field, cathode voltage of 1200 V, 50 mA cathode current, 5 sccm gas flow rate, final vacuum of 8 × 10 Torr and puller voltage of 2 kV. These results indicate that the initial ion beam current output qualifies for the steps toward the final test.


The paper of Engh and Huber [1] with description of accurate geometrical parameters of amino acid residues has set a new standard in the protein crystallography. A similar step forward in the area of nucleic acids was made by Parkinson et al. [2]. As the number of macromolecular structures of complexes with ′′hetero′′ ligands and their variety is growing, the time has come to prepare a parameter set, which will provide parameters for the existing and coming compounds with the accuracy and precision of the Engh-Huber and Parkinson parameter sets. Since such parameter set extends over thousands of atom types and parameters connecting them, it is clear that it can only be reliably constructed, maintained and updated in an automated manner. With these goals in mind the computer program PURY was written. The program PURY operates in two modes: the crystal structure database digestion mode and the molecular parameter construction mode. In the digestion mode it generates the entire library of parameters based on high-resolution crystal structures. The program reads an unlimited number of high resolution structures (for example the whole Cambridge Crystallographic Data Base), assigns atom types taking into account the local geometry and updates the digested list. The digested list contains all bonding parameters (bond length and angles, torsional angles and improper geometries such as chirality and planarity) together with the frequency of their appearance, sum and sum of squared values. Using this description the digested list can be anytime expanded with a private structure collections, which will update, and when found necessary expand, the digested list. In the construction mode, the program reads a description of molecule and generates molecular topology entry and corresponding parameter list for refinement and energy calculations. Currently, input in the PDB form and output for MAIN, X-PLOR-CNS programs are supported. Input as well as output formats will be expanded to support interaction with a variety of computer programs used in refinement and energy calculations of macromolecules including a web server support.


The telecommunication infrastructure provides a dominant platform in the realization of the digital economy in the smart cities. To access the digital services in a smart city, a citywide high-speed broadband wireless network is required to provide connectivity to devices like smartphones, tablets, PCs, and wearables. The number of connected devices is increasing exponentially leading to a higher demand for the improved capacity of telecommunication infrastructure. The factors related with telecom connectivity are selected from various literature studies. To identify the interrelationships among the factors, the Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) has been deployed. Further, MICMAC analysis determines the driving power and dependence among the factors. The study finds that the wireless coverage, mobile latency and access to electricity are key driving factors of telecommunication connectivity. Based on the study findings, supply and demand both side policies of telecommunication infrastructure have been recommended. The policy makers, stakeholders, and different service providers can get benefits from the recommended solutions in improving the telecommunication infrastructure in developing countries like India.


To evaluate the comprehensive effectiveness of tactical communication network in a complex environment,the commonly used analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is adapted to make a hierarchical analysis on the effectiveness of tactical communication network.According to the definition of system effectiveness,a hierarchy model of tactical communication network effectiveness is proposed from the availability,dependability and capability.Finally,two waveforms of tactical communication network are evaluated to verify the scientificity of AHP used in the field of effectiveness evaluation of tactical communication network.


SynopsisThis article studies the changing role of the female partner within the modern Australian family. It examines the forces pressing on the family and the adaptations which the female partner needs to make, in the light of the premise that the child needs a secure mother–child relationship in order for positive developmental steps to be made. An observation schedule of a young primiparous female partner is given. This illustrates the complexity of role and sub–role changes which are necessary for the female to be effective as a person and a partner. The role of surrogate child caretaker is discussed also, in the light of the advantages the child will have in adjusting and accommodating to change in modern society.


Abstract INTRODUCTION THE effect of bacterial infections on blood constituents has been investigated. Dooley, Holtman and Jeffries (1958) reported that the blood glucose level decreased when chicks were infected with Salmonella pullorum. Ross et al. (1956) and Dooley et al. (1958) observed that the blood creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels increased when chicks were infected with this organism. The effect of bacterial endotoxins has also been investigated in numerous animal species. Dooley et al. (1958) have found that the concentrations of some components were altered during intoxication by S. pullorum endotoxin. However, avian species do not normally suffer lethal effects from injections of bacterial endotoxins (Ball et al., 1962). Normal values of blood constituents have been recorded by Groebbels (1932), Dyer and Roe (1934), Henry et al. (1934), and Sturkie (1954). Due to differences in breed, age, diet, number of samples, and procedures employed, the data in the literature…


Community discovery is very important for understanding the organization or structure of a network or social system. However, it is still a very challenging problem, especially for a large-scale network. In fact, current community mining algorithms generally aim at a special kind of networks and cannot be applied to the general cases. Moreover, they are generally time consuming. This paper proposes a Modularity Dominated Density Based Merge Search (MDDBMS) algorithm which is a further approach to the density based merge search to community mining by considering all the network as a graph of vertexes with the densities as their degrees. In fact, certain criteria are modified and the modularity is used to check whether the merge operation is needed. The experimental results on several datasets of social and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks demonstrate that our proposed MDDBMS algorithm can obtain competitive results in comparison with current state-of-the-art community mining algorithms with much lower time consumption.


Taking as a point of departure the vision of school algebra as a formalized metadiscourse of arithmetic, we have been following six pairs of 7 grade students as they gradually modify their informal meta-arithmetic toward the "official" algebraic form of talk. In this paper we take a look at the very beginning of this process. Preliminary analyses of data have shown, unsurprisingly, that while reflecting on arithmetic processes and relations, the uninitiated 7 graders were employing colloquial means, which could not protect them against occasional ambiguities. More unexpectedly, this informal meta-arithmetic, although not supported by any previous algebraic schooling, displayed some algebra-like features, not to be normally found in everyday discourses.


Abstract Aim: To investigate the role of four parental folate pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) i.e., methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T, MTHFR 1298A>C, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) 66A>G and glutamate carboxypeptidase (GCP) II 1561C>T on susceptibility to neural tube defects (NTDs) in 50 couples with NTD offspring and 80 couples with normal pregnancy outcome. Results: Maternal MTHFR 677C→T (odds ratio (OR): 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35–5.34) and parental GCP II 1561C→T (maternal: OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.12–3.21 and paternal: OR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.76–5.93) were found to be risk factors for a NTD. Both paternal and maternal GCP II T-variant alleles were found to interact with MTHFR 677T- and MTRR G-variant alleles in increasing the risk for NTD. Segregation of data based on type of defect revealed an association between maternal 677T-allele and meningomyelocele (OR: 9.00, 95% CI: 3.77–21.55, P<0.0001) and an association between parental GCP II 1561T-allele and anencephaly (maternal: OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.12–4.50, P<0.05 and paternal: OR: 4.26, 95% CI: 2.01–9.09, P<0.001). Conclusions: Maternal MTHFR C677T and parental GCP II C1561T polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for NTDs. Apart from individual genetic effects, epistatic interactions were also observed.


Basic data on multiple transplants. Clinical relevance of alloreactive T lymphocyte propagation from biopsies to allograft status (R.J. Duquesnoy and A. Zeevi). The combi-effect: Prolonged survival of heart and pancreas grafts by combined transplantation with lymphoid tissue (A.L. Westra, J.B. Winter and J. Prop). Liver-kidney transplantation in allosensitized patients (R.J. Duquesnoy, J. McCauley, S.L. Saidman, et al.). Present status of the cluster transplantation and its variants (M. Alessiani, C. Ricordi, S. Todo et al.). Viral and toxoplasma gondii infections in heart, heart-lung, liver and kidney transplant recipients (T. Wreghitt). Clinical data on multiple transplants. Indications for single-lung and heart-lung transplantation (A. Khaghani, N. Banner and M. Yacoub). Simultaneous liver and islet or kidney and islet graft in diabetic patients (J.J. Altman, J.P. Bethoux, P.H. Cugnenc et al.). Comparison of rejection in clinical transplantation of pancreas alone or associated with kidney transplant (R. Grussner, J.D. Najarian, A. Grussner and D.E.R. Sutherland). Incidence of rejection episodes after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. Special reference to cyclosporine requirements (D. Cantarovich, J. Paineau, G. Karam, et al.). Multiple organ harvesting: Management of the donor and surgical techniques (G. Kootstra, C.J. van der Linden, J. G. Maessen and R. Wijnen). Combined transplants in inborn errors of metabolism. Principles of organ transplantation in inborn errors of metabolism (P. Cochat and P. Guibaud). Bone marrow and organ transplantation in inborn errors of metabolism (J.R. Hobbs). Scientific rationale for hepato-renal transplantation in primary hyperoxaluria Type 1 (C.J. Danpure). Treatment of cystinosis following successful renal replacement therapy (J.H.H. Ehrich, G. Wolff and J. Brodehl). Combined transplants in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and Type 1 glycogen storage disease (L. de Parscau). Fetal liver transplantation in inborn errors of metabolism (J.L. Touraine, S. Laplace, F. Rezzoug et al.). Immunosuppression in combined transplants. Immunosuppression in combined transplantation (B. Charpentier, G. Benoit, C. Hiesse et al.). An overview of clinical organ transplantation under FK 506 (M. Alessiani, A. Jain, K. Abu-Elmagd et al.). Combined heart and kidney transplantation: Report of 3 successful cases (J. Finaz de Villaine, J.L. Faure, N. Lefrancois et al.). Monitoring of the immunosuppression after heart lung and lung transplantation: Role of the bronchoalveolar lavage (J.-F. Mornex, D. Ecochard, J. Crevon et al.). Simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (M. Pouyet, J. Finaz, J.M. Marechal et al.). Multiple transplantations including the liver (J.P. Miguet, G. Mantion, C.Rouget et al.). Retransplantation . Cardiac retransplantation- La Pitie experience (C. Cabrol, I. Gandjbakhch, A. Pavie et al.). Second kidney grafts (Y. Vanrenterghem, L. Roels, M. Waer and P. Michielsen).


Foreign investment and finance are considered key to economic growth for many economies. In terrorism, these economies directly lose international capital. As a result, it causes an adverse impact on economic development in the countries. Human capital and natural capital factors will be fruitful when the environment is conducive and peaceful. Similarly, energy consumption and FDI would stimulate economic growth, subject to the absence of law-and order issues. This manuscript investigated the impact of terrorism, energy consumption and FDI on economic growth in South Asia over the period from 2002 to 2020. The model's results display that terrorism and FDI have a negative impact on economic growth in South Asia. The result of energy consumption exhibits a positive and significant influence on economic growth in South Asia. Further, the results indicate that domestic investment and education in South Asia positively impact economic growth. Consequently, it is suggested that the South Asia countries should take appropriate actions to eradicate the problem of terrorism, ensure the availability of energy, and improve the labour force's skills to achieve desirable economic growth.


BACKGROUND
We investigated the efficacy and safety of anastrozole as neoadjuvant therapy in a group of postmenopausal patients with locally-advanced breast cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This was an open-label trial, which recruited patients with histopathologically-confirmed unilateral, locally-advanced, estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer (stage IIIA/B). All patients received anastrozole 1 mg/day for 3 months, after which the clinical response was evaluated. All patients with a complete or partial clinical response (cCR or cPR) underwent surgery (radical modified mastectomy), after which patients continued with the same therapy for two years or until progression. Primary end points were clinical response rate (cCR + cPR), surgery rate, pathological complete response rate and tolerability profile.

RESULTS
cCR and cPR were seen in 61/112 (54.5%) and 32/112 (28.6%) patients (n=112), respectively, giving an objective response rate of 93/112 (83%) patients. Following surgery in responding patients, 14/61 patients (23%) had a pathological CR and 47/61 (77%) patients had a pathological PR.

CONCLUSION
Neoadjuvant anastrozole treatment was highly effective and well-tolerated in postmenopausal women with hormone-dependent locally-advanced breast cancer.


All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 967 Application of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) to improve Torsional Damping and Sub Synchronous Resonance (SSR) Mitigation Patel Dimpal Svapanil Vanara Rushabhkumar D Assistant Professor Department of Electrical Engineering Trinity College of Engineering & Research, Pune, Maharastra, India Faculty of Engineering, Marwadi Education Foundation's Group of Institutions, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Abstract— Series capacitor compensation in AC transmission systems may cause sub synchronous resonance that can lend to turbine generator shaft failure. Series capacities also have a tendency to amplify the shaft stress during major network transient events. When the level of series compensation is increased sub synchronous Resonance will be more. The mode of oscillation between the electrical and mechanical system will be high. The major concern of sub synchronous resonance is self-excitation and Transient Toque amplification. This paper is mainly emphasized on analysis of Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR) and mitigation using SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator). The mechanical turbine generator and electrical network system are based on FBM. A Simulation with FBM to study SSR is implemented using MATLAB. The SSSC is used as a countermeasure, and it is applied to system to damp out the SSR. Results are validated by simulation.


The ultrasonic wire bonding is widely used in making many kinds of semiconductor devices. With growing demand of down sizing, semiconductor chips become smaller and sraller, which brings about an increment of bonding miss problem which is likely to occur on the sides parallel to the vibrating direction of the ultrasonic wave. As far as a fixing method is concerned for a chip during bonding, the vacuum suction force is generally employed. In order to find a way to settle the problem this investigation was carried out particularly focusing on the strength of the fixing force of a vacuum suction method and vibrating condition of a silicon chip. Some equations were derived to calculate the suction force and a friction moment under an assumed pressure distribution. Furthermore the rate of velocity components between rotation and translation was calculated. A close agreement was confirmed between the experiments and the theoretical results.


Risk management plays an important role in the organizations functionality. It requires reliable realization of its key task that is risk analysis. Information security risk analysis is an essential component in organizations operations. Traditional information security risk analysis methods include quantitative analysis method and the qualitative analysis method. Both the quantitative method and the qualitative method have some advantages in the risk analysis process. We also have the composite methods like the analytical hierarchy process and the fuzzy comprehensive methods. Hierarchy process is now widely used in the risk assessment or the security assessment. Hybrid models are developed by integrating two or more models. A practical advice for the evaluation of the risk is discussed. Combination of the AHP and the fuzzy comprehensive methods named as the fuzzy – AHP method is also discussed.


Recently we created the novel indolylprodigiosin derivative 2 (obatoclax) and demonstrated its ability to antagonize multiple members of the B-cell lymphoma (Bcl) family of antiapoptotic proteins. The compound has shown potent anticancer activity in several animal tumor models. Obatoclax is now in Phase 1b and 2 clinical trials directed against multiple hematologic and solid tumor malignancies. To support its clinical development, a new scalable synthesis was required. Obatoclax has been prepared using a three-step synthesis, starting from commercially available 4-methoxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. The reaction sequence involves a haloformylation reaction followed by a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction with an indole-2-boronic acid. The synthesis is completed by an acid-mediated condensation with 2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole.


in the SP and the SPVH in the PP seem to be determined by Ewald's second law. The different SPVH ratios between the L-ca-apo and L-cu groups can probably be explained by the fact that the otoconia mass is in partial contact with the cupula in the patients with L-ca-apo, whereas the mass is in full contact with the cupula in the patients with L-cu. These differences in pathophysiology between LiC and L-cu patients seem to be responsible for


The efficacy of formulated pyroxsulam 7. 5% WG,mesosulfuron plus idosulfuron 3. 6% WG,fenoxaprop 6. 9%EW,and clodinafop- propargyl 15% WP to control Poa annua and their selectivity to wheat were studied under field conditions. Pyroxsulam 7. 5% WG( 187. 5 g hm2) and mesosulfuron plus idosulfuron 3. 6% WG( 450 g hm2) controlled84% and 85% P. annua,respectively,based on fresh weight determinations. Both herbicide treatments were highly selective to spring wheat cv. Tongmai 1 although mesosulfuron plus idosulfuron caused slight crop phytotoxicity. Fenoxaprop and clodinafop- propargyl did not provide adequate control of the grass weed. Given the efficacy,selectivity and long-term control provided by pyroxsulam 7. 5% WG at 187. 5 g hm2,its use can be recommended in the field.


During the last decade, Wireless Communication has spanned over the world like never imagined before. This technology has not left the field of transportation untouched. Today, the world is striving hard to achieve a complete Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). VANET is an evolving stream which has the potency to be the backbone of ITS. Due to the dynamic nature of the data flow and the continuously changing location of vehicles in Vehicular Communication, VANET comes with a lot of challenges to ensure secure & authenticated dissemination of the data. Studies have shown that - Advance Ad-hoc Distance Vector (AODV) suits the dynamic behavior of VANET the most. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which is a hybrid model of Clustering and AODV, utilizing the Road Side Units (RSUs) as an integral part of the Route Discovery. The results depict that our algorithm has shown improvement when compared to previously proposed models in terms of Throughput, PDR and Delay. Towards the end of this paper some potential areas are listed to be explored by the future researchers.


Qu Yuan's political views and patriotic feelings has a deeper realistic foundation and in line with the trend of historical development and progress.The unearthed documents show that Chu People which created a culture Jingchu rich open innovation of national consciousness,In Qu Yuan's Period,Chu still has the strength to unify China.Qu Yuan's love for the homeland and Bangguo,is the source of the Chinese nation's patriotism.


The invention relates to an ecological recovery method for vegetative cover at the mine spoil area in southern China, and the technical proposal thereof is as follows: first, the mine waste residue substrate is stationed and dug with pits, each pit is not less than 50cm *50cm*50cm, the pit is filled with soil for planting inside, the soil for planting is loess or other soil, then nursing plants, namely, one to two large leaf acacias are planted, after the large leaf acacias survive for 3 to 5 months, indigenousspecies lotus tree, psychotria, huajillo, or red clover are planted under the large leaf acacias to be used as the objective plant species. After the nursing system and the nursing plants-the objective plant species pair are established, the curing is only needed for twice to three times in early time, and finally the indigenousspecies all can be directly settled on the mine spoil area.


School nurses have not traditionally been involved in promoting and lobbying for the school meal service. However, the focus is now on multi-layered interventions to reduce obesity and school meals could play a considerable role in this.


The anti-Salmonella enteritidis and anti-endotoxin effect of the white paederia scandens volatile oil.were evaluated in broilers.Meanwhile,qualitative and quantitative analysis for white paederia scandens volatile oil were done to explore its main ingredients pharmacokinetic characteristics.The results showed that the white paederia scandens volatile oil including eugenol,camphor,borneol,methyl salicylate and other active ingredients showed in vitro inhibition bacterial effect in middle-dose(100 mL/L) and high-dose(150 mL/L),the inactivated endotoxin above 25 mL/L the volatile oil,and a significant antipyretic effect at 2-4 h.These results suggest that the white paederia scandens volatile oil has anti-Salmonella enteritidis,anti-endotoxin and antipyretic effects,and can be used for the treatment against Salmonella enteritidis in broilers.


Optimal p-median solutions were computed for six test problems on a network of forty-nine demand nodes and compared with solutions from two heuristic algorithms. Comparison of the optimal solutions with those from the Teitz and Bart heuristic indicates that this heuristic is very robust. Tests of the Maranzana heuristic, however, indicate that it is efficient only for small values of p (numbers of facilities) and that its robustness decreases rapidly as problem size increases.


Sleeping is essential to human health. Recognizing sleeping state accurately is an important prerequisite for analyzing sleeping quality effectively. As different states of sleeping staggered with each other, it is necessary to make the boundaries of the states clearly. The traditional methods of sleeping state recognition are less accurate and more difficult to handle. This paper uses the method based on pressure-body movement-sleeping model to identify different sleeping states. Firstly, the acquired signal of pressure is processed to get the information of body movements, and then the information is used to recognize the different sleeping states of the whole night through the sleeping judgment algorithm. Experiments show that the method used in this paper is not only simple, but also highly accurate and not susceptible to outside interference.


The digestibility of two roughages, lucerne chaff and oaten chaff, and the rates of passage of their residues through the digestive tracts of the red kangaroo, Megaleia rufa (Desmarest) and the Merino sheep were investigated. The dry matter intakes of kangaroos were from 55 to 58% of those of the sheep for diets fed ad libitum, but there was no difference between species in their abilities to digest apparent dry matter. The voluntary intake of oaten chaff was only about 60% of that of lucerne chaff by both species. The digestibility coefficients for apparent crude fibre in both diets were higher for sheep than for kangaroos. Sheep appeared to retain nitrogen more efficiently than kangaroos particularly when the intake of dietary nitrogen was at a low level. However, there appeared to be no difference between the abilities of both species to digest apparent crude protein. The mean retention times of food residues in the digestive tract were similar for both kangaroos and sheep when the animals were fed ad libitum. Sheep had appreciably greater mean retention times when comparisons were made at maintenance levels of feeding.


In oviparous species lacking parental care, successful reproduction depends on females selecting nest sites that facilitate embryonic development. Such sites may be limited in the environment, which can lead to multiple females using the same nest site simultaneously. However, there are several alternative explanations for communal nesting, including natal homing, predator satiation, and adaptive benefits to offspring. We used laboratory experiments to evaluate three hypotheses about nest-site selection in velvet geckos (Oedura lesueurii), which often nest communally. We investigated whether the trend to nest communally is influenced by the following: (1) evidence of previous nesting (hatched eggshells); (2) body size; and/or (3) thermal regimes. When given the choice, females laid their eggs in shelters containing hatched eggshells rather than in empty shelters, and this was not influenced by body size. Females selected nest sites that were cooler than their own mean selected body temperatures, suggesting that thermal requirements of their developing embryos could outweigh their own thermoregulatory preferences. Field observations of natal homing and high predation rates on gravid females suggest that imprinting on nest sites and/or predator swamping also play roles in communal nesting. Collectively, our results suggest that female velvet geckos use multiple cues to select appropriate nest sites, and hence that multiple mechanisms result in communal nesting behavior in this species.


Spanish verbal predicates of emotion composed by the sequence V+N, like dar gusto (lit. 'give joy') or tener miedo (lit. 'have fear') were examined in order to determine if the syntactic function (subject or non-subject) shown by the experiencer has a correlation with the lexical aspect of the compound, similar to what happens in emotion lexical verbs, such correlation is predicted by a typological claim based on the verb semantic type (stative, causative or inchoative). It was found that the prediction is fulfilled. An inventory of around 450 compounds of this sort is also presented.


"It is never a waste of time to study the history of a word." It is with these suggestive words of the French historian Lucien Febvre that Helena Rosenblatt begins her last book The Lost History of Liberalism: From Ancient Rome to the Twenty-First Century. By studying the history of the word liberalism, Rosenblatt attempts a clarification of what happens to be a catch-all term encompassing very different thinkers, political actors and followers. While liberalism is often seen as a mainly Angl...


Analytic expressions of the eigenvalues for a non-relativistic Hamiltonian of a three-body problem of the Calogero type can be derived using both the well known method of supersymmetric quantum mechanics SUSY-QM and an independent group theoretic method, namely the spectrum generating algebra SGA. We demonstrate the equivalence of the two methods by developing an algebraic framework through the shape invariance SI property with a change of parameters which involves nonlinear extensions of Lie Algebra.


systemic lupus erythematosus ( sLe) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease, with exacerbations and remissions or perennial activity wich in time develops organ damage. Because of the multiple forms of presentation and the variety of organs that may be involved, the diagnosis of sLe has always been a challenge. We present the case of a patient with lupus in whom the main manifestation of the disease was hematologic, and antinuclear antibodies (ana) were negative. ana have been used as markers


The PLEIADES-HR Earth Observation satellites will combine a high resolution panchromatic channel -- 0.7 m at nadir -- and a multispectral channel allowing a 2.8 m resolution. This paper presents the main specifications, design and performances of a 52 microns pitch quadrilinear CCD sensor developed by ATMEL under CNES contract, for the multispectral channel of the PLEIADES-HR instrument. The monolithic CCD device includes four lines of 1500 pixels, each line dedicated to a narrow spectral band within blue to near infra red spectrum. The design of the photodiodes and CCD registers, with larger size than those developed up to now for CNES spaceborne imagers, needed some specific structures to break the large equipotential areas where charge do not flow properly. Results are presented on the options which were experimented to improve sensitivity, maintain transfer efficiency and reduce power dissipation. The four spectral bands are achieved by four stripe filters made by SAGEM-REOSC PRODUCTS on a glass substrate, to be assembled on the sensor window. Line to line spacing on the silicon die takes into account the results of straylight analysis. A mineral layer, with high optical absorption performances is deposited between photosensitive lines to further reduce straylight.


Participatory action research (PAR) is an approach that strives to take seriously the ethics and politics of the processes and outcomes of doing research. As implied in its name, PAR is oriented toward collaboration at various moments in the research cycle and holds social and environmental change as a key objective, combining individual agency and structural transformation. PAR draws from diverse historical and geographical experiences, including North American action research and Brazilian radical pedagogy, to promote a research approach that collaborates with participants to identify and attempt to address particular situated issue(s). It thus brings to the fore questions of unequal power relations between those involved in research (e.g., participants, researchers, communities) in order to directly and collaboratively tackle them, in turn providing a more ethically sensitive and politically relevant approach. PAR draws on both established methods (e.g., interviews) and sometimes develops novel methods (e.g., participatory video and diagramming). PAR has also provided fruitful ground for dialogue with radical (e.g., postcolonial) epistemologies concerned with addressing the power hierarchies implicit in research practices and in promoting social and environmental justice. Nevertheless, there exist numerous criticisms and warnings over the limits to the collaborative and transformational claims of PAR, and the discourse of "participation" has proven susceptible to rapid co-optation from above (e.g., neoliberal development discourse). This has led some to focus exclusively on social change and "militant" research, while others drop claims of action and remain focused on methods of participation. I am grateful to Kye Askins, Mike Kesby, Sara Kindon, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on a draft version, many of which have been incorporated into the final text. The entry would not exist without the tireless work of PAR activists and scholars to which its sole authorship does no justice.


The cause of acute disseminated histiocytosis X is still unknown. This review indicates that the involvement of hereditary factors is likely; however, further evidence, such as the observation of the disease in two or more generations of the same family, is needed. There is also sufficient evidence for a communicable agent to warrant a further search for such an agent.


Art can be timeless, but no piece of art can resist time's ravages: Stone crumbles, paint cracks, and plastics break down, chemical bond by chemical bond. Polymer decomposition can be invisible to ...


Existing theories suggest that bank capital strengthens the screening / monitoring incentives of banks. While it may seem intuitive that enhanced monitoring and screening would subsequently improve operating performance of the bank, empirical evidence on this topic is scarce. This paper tries to fill this void. Based on a simple extrapolation of the existing theories, it is hypothesized that a bank with more capital has improved monitoring and screening incentives, lower loan defaults and better return performance. Testing these predictions is complicated by an omitted variables or reverse causality concern. While the theory predicts that higher capital results in better bank performance via the bank screening / monitoring channel, in reality the causality may also be reversed in that better bank performance (due to factors outside the model) leads to greater retained earnings and hence higher bank capital. To deal with this concern, I test the predictions using data on mergers and acquisitions. If two banks merge, the capital ratio of the higher-capital bank decreases while that of the lower-capital bank increases, reducing monitoring incentives at the former and strengthening them at the latter. Assuming diminishing marginal returns to monitoring, the decrease in performance at the high-capital bank will outweigh the performance increase at the low-capital bank, leading to an overall improvement in performance at the merged bank. Moreover, recognizing that in an acquisition it is typically the acquiring bank that is the influencer and the target bank that is influenced leads to the prediction that the larger the increase in capital of the target bank due to the acquisition, the greater is the improvement in the performance of the merged bank relative to the weighted average of the pre-merger performances of the two banks. The evidence supports the prediction: the greater the increase in capital of the target bank as a result of the merger, the greater is the decrease in loan defaults and the greater is the increase in profitability of the merged bank relative to the stand-alone banks prior to the acquisition. These results hold while controlling for various other factors that may affect merger performance. Robustness checks examine a variety of alternative explanations and show that the results are not driven by other factors like the acquisition per se, changes in total capital or risk of the merged bank, a reduction in informationallysensitive lending, or a change in market power.


We thank Dr. Finsterer for the comments (Finsterer, 2021) regarding our manuscript (Torraco et al., 2021) and below you will find our responses to his concerns. First of all we agree that the sentence reported in the first lines of the discussion line 3 since we have described seven patients carrying four novel homozygous mutations, as specified in the results section and in table 1. Second, he argued that, despite the virtually undetectable NDUFA12 protein in all samples we analyzed, phenotypic variability is observed. He sustains that this condition might be due to a several factors, such as mtDNA variants and/or mtDNA amount, to different complex I (CI; NADH‐ ubiquinone oxidoreductase) activity in our patients and to different treatments they have received. Indeed phenotype variability is the common baseline of the mitochondrial disease and several reports have been published with high phenotype variability even in the context of the same genetic defect. Clinical symptoms and progression can be different even among siblings who share the same genetic variation, but whether this variability is due to genetic background or environmental contribution is still under debate. Mitochondrial DNA is a potential modifier in mitochondrial disorders caused by a specific nuclear gene defects but to link a mtDNA variant or mtDNA amount to disease phenotype onset, variability and progression would require specific disease models (Hämäläinen et al., 2013; Li et al., 2018) and any attempt to make a correlation between mtDNA‐nDNA genotype interaction in the context of our group of patients would have been just speculative. Vice versa, no qualitative (single/multiple deletions) or quantitative (depletion) alterations of mtDNA have ever been associated with nuclear genes encoding for protein been part of complex I. In addition, a limited availability of tissues in our cohort of patients prevented us to carry extensive functional analysis that could at least in part shed light on the different phenotypes observed. We do agree that CSF lactate levels in some cases might correlate with a more severe disease course, even though reports in the literature are controversial (Bakare et al., 2021). On the other hand, we would like to highlight that some patients in our cohort, who seem to exhibit a milder disease course (patients 4 and 5) present high CSF lactate values. It is well known that antioxidant therapy unfortunately does not modify the natural history of Leigh syndrome. Moreover, patients 4 and 5 in our cohort are described having a milder course in absence of any antioxidant therapy. Regarding the reason why the patient‐1 showed bilateral T2‐hyperintense brainstem lesions in the first MRI (5 years) that disappeared on follow‐up imaging at age 7 years, we do not have a clear explanation but can hypothesize that this is due to the resolution of cytotoxic edema caused by a metabolic decompensation. In conclusion, disease variability is a hallmark of the mitochondrial disease and the purpose of our study was to make mitochondrial disorders more recognizable through a good clinical description and to link this phenotype to a gene, which is rarely found in association with mitochondrial defect.


The invention relates to an alert control method for detecting whether a master copy has been taken out of copying/scanning equipment or not. The method relates to the copying/scanning equipment, a controller, an input device, one or more sets of photo sensors and an alarm. The controller is connected with the copying/scanning equipment, the input device, the photo sensors and the alarm respectively. Each set of photo sensors is located on the up-down corresponding positions of a master copy bin of the copying/scanning equipment. The alarm gives an alarm under the following conditions: the working state of the copying/scanning equipment is normal and the master copy bin is closed, the controller controls the photo sensors to detect the master copy bin at every set time period, and when the master copy bin is not empty, the controller controls the alarm to give the alarm. According to the method, a user can be timely reminded to take out the master copy after copying/scanning operation is completed, and the master copy can be prevented from being lost and causing heavy losses; the method is an improvement and supplement for the existing copying/scanning technology; the method is easy to realize, and the cost is controllable; the device has good popularization and application prospect and great market potential.


As per the global tuberculosis (TB) report 2020, 56% adult males, 32% adult females and 12% children worldwide, have TB. In India, an estimated 3.33 lakh children in the 0-14 years age group become ill with TB each year (28% of global childhood TB burden), with a slightly higher burden among males. In 2019, the national tuberculosis elimination programme (NTEP) reported 1.5 lakh TB cases of children aged 0-14 years, indicating a gap of 55% in TB notifications in this age group.1 In order to address the gaps in pediatric TB coverage, the NTEP collaborated with child health and adolescent health programmes of the ministry of health and family welfare (MoHFW). The two primary health programmes that serve children and adolescents across the country are Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) and Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK), respectively. This integration will bring the country forward towards the efforts of its goal to achieve the target of end TB strategy.


This chapter begins by reviewing several bodies of scholarly works that are relevant to this research, notably, the international relations literature on regime complexity and the international political economy literature on financial regulation. It then discusses three mainstream theoretically informed explanations—a state-centric, a transgovernmental, and a business-led accounts—which can be useful to explain how regime complexity in derivatives was dealt with. Finally, it outlines the research design, the analytical framework, the methodology, the sources, the timeframe, and the empirical coverage. Empirically, this book examines all the main aspects concerning the regulation of derivatives markets, namely: trading, clearing and reporting derivatives; resilience, recovery and resolution of central counterparties; capital requirements for bank exposures to central counterparties and derivatives; margins for derivatives non-centrally cleared via central counterparties.


The branches of phoenix trees are the place where birds and phoenix perch,which struggle against wind and snow in autumn and winter.Phoenix tree grows fast,with branches expanding continuously and growth rings adding year by year.That is why phoenix trees and branches of phoenix trees become the symbol of passing time.Phoenix trees are given such good names as Rou-mu and Yang-mu in ancient time.New branches of phoenix trees,the byname of their branches,are used to name one's offspring for the beauty and quality of phoenix trees.The branches of phoenix trees are the best material of musical instrument.The images of thin phoenix trees were combined with such images as frigid well,cold birds and absence of moon in literary works from the Six Dynasties to Song Dynasty.


This paper outlines the development of bridge design education for undergraduate students of architecture at an international university in China. Key steps taken in this process over the course of five years are analysed and discussed in terms of results obtained as well as feedback given by students. The analysis focuses on key questions facing educators with similar aims, such as: How do architects approach bridge design? How can bridge design be taught as a subject in architecture? Which aspects of bridge design are of greatest interest and of greatest challenge to architectural designers? The paper contributes an educational perspective for cultivating debate in an area of structural design education that is rarely discussed explicitly, and in which precedent literature is scarce. The paper is particularly relevant in the context of China, where bridge design is still mostly seen as an exercise in material and cost efficiency, with few precedents integrating architectural and engineering concerns to a notable degree.


The MHD numerical simulations started to be performed at the Astronomical Institute of Romanian Academy eleven years ago. We present here the main results obtained during this period. The 2D numerical experiments were performed by the Alfven code. We have obtained the main active phenomena of the solar activity: flares, prominences, CMEs, coronal streamers and coronal holes.


The Einstein-Cartan-Weyl theory of gravity as well as supergravity are described respectively as local Poincare and super-Poincare symmetric generalizations of the bag action. They are proposed as fundamental supergeometrodynamic theories of a microscopic hadronic manifold embedded in Minkowski space-time. The exterior 1-forms on this manifold are considered as the fundamental quarks which are used in constructing the quantum states. This provides a geometric origin for the color degree of freedom and the mechanism of saturation. The description of the flavor charges and interactions, the question of confinement and other matters are discussed.


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant slowdown in the development of almost all economies in the world. In this context, the main goal of this research is to try to present changes in the value of fiscal, investment and export multipliers as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted in selected European Union countries. They are France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain. This research is based on the theory of effective demand. The values of feeds and leakages of total demand in the period from 2015 to 2020 were examined and calculated. On this basis, the individual multipliers of autonomous spending were analyzed and their changes in the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic were presented. The analyses led to a surprising conclusion: it found that the autonomous spending multipliers in some economies increased. This means that they have become 'security buffers' for the health of economies. This means that the increase in their value weakened the negative effects of changes in autonomous expenditure on gross domestic product.


Reduced muscle mass and increased susceptibility to TNF‐induced degradation accompany inflamed ageing and chronic diseases. Furthermore, C2 myoblasts display diminished differentiation and increased susceptibility to TNF‐α‐induced cell death versus subcloned C2C12 cells, providing relevant models to assess: differentiation (creatine kinase), growth (protein), death (trypan‐blue) and anabolic/catabolic parameters (RT‐PCR) over 72 h ± TNF‐α (20 ng ml−1). At 48 and 72 h, respectively, larger myotubes and significantly higher CK activity (320.26 ± 6.82 vs. 30.71 ± 2.5, P < 0.05; 544.94 ± 27.7 vs. 39.4 ± 3.37 mU mg ml−1, P < 0.05), fold increases in myoD (21.45 ± 3.12 vs. 3.97 ± 1.76, P < 0.05; 31.07 ± 3.1 vs. 6.82 ± 1.93, P < 0.05) and myogenin mRNA (241.8 ± 40 vs. 36.80 ± 19.3, P < 0.05; 440 ± 100.5 vs. 201.1 ± 86, P < 0.05) were detected in C2C12 versus C2. C2C12 showed significant increases in IGF‐I mRNA (243.05 ± 3.87 vs. 105.75 ± 21.95, P < 0.05), reduced proliferation and significantly lower protein expression (1.21 ± 0.28 vs. 1.79 ± 0.29 mg ml−1, P < 0.05) at 72 h versus C2 cells. Significant temporal reductions in C2C12 IGFBP2 mRNA (28.02 ± 15.44, 13.82 ± 8.07, 6.92 ± 4.37, P < 0.05) contrasted increases in C2s (4.31 ± 3.31, 13.02 ± 9.92, 82.9 ± 58.9, P < 0.05) at 0, 48 and 72 h, respectively. TNF‐α increased cell death in C2s (2.67 ± 1.54%, 34.42 ± 5.39%, 29.71 ± 5.79% (0, 48, 72 h), P < 0.05), yet was without effect in C2C12s at 48 h but caused a small significant increase at 72 h (9.88 ± 4.02% (TNF‐α) vs. 6.17 ± 0.749% (DM), 72 h). TNF‐α and TNFRI mRNA were unchanged; however, larger reductions in IGF‐I (8.2‐ and 7.5‐fold vs. 4.5‐ and 4.1‐fold (48, 72 h)), IGF‐IR (2‐fold vs. no‐significant reduction (72 h)) and IGFBP5 (3.24 vs. 1.38 (48 h) and 2.21 vs. 1.71 (72 h), P < 0.05) mRNA were observed in C2 versus C2C12 with TNF‐α. This investigation provides insight into regulators of altered basal hypertrophy and TNF‐induced atrophy, providing a model for future investigation into therapeutic initiatives for ageing/wasting disorders. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 240–250, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The aim of this research was to find out the effects of propolis on histopatological kidney mice (Mus musculus). This research used 25 male white mice which 12 weeks old and 25-35 gram of body weight, were devided randomly into five groups. (P0) as a control was given 0.5 ml aquadest and CMCNa, and other group were given propolis 1.6mg/0.5ml/day (P1), 3.2mg/0.5ml/day (P2), 6.4mg/0.5ml/day (P3) and 12.8mg/0.5ml/day (P4). Remove for two weeks after treatment, 25 mice were sacrificed and their kidney were taken for histopatological preparation with H.E staining. Histopatological changes score was analized with Kruskal Wallis and Man Whitney Test. Result showed there was not significantly different (p>0,05) between treatment groups. It was also mean that propolis administration was not affected on mice kidney.


A fluid leakage detection system includes a fluid leakage sensor and an alarming system. The fluid leakage sensor is electrically coupled to the alarming system, and is configured to send signals pertaining to any detected fluid leakage. Further, the fluid leakage sensor includes an electrically non-conductive body and an electrical circuit. The non-conductive body is positioned proximal to a leakage region and it collect and absorbs leaking fluid from the region. The electric circuit includes a first portion embedded within the non-conductive body, and a second portion connected to the first portion. The second portion of the electrical circuit lies exterior to the non-conductive body. The electrical circuit is open-circuited under no fluid leakage detection conditions, and is closed-circuited under leakage detection conditions. The alarm system is configured to generate an alarm signal when the electric circuit is closed-circuited.


Sensitivity of pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda isolated from flounder to 37 antimicrobial agents were detected. The results showed that the tested 35 strains were highly sensitive to cefazolin and 20 strains were resistant to penicillin G. There were interspecies differences to ampicillin in 5 strains.


Economists, political scientists, and legal scholars have argued that independent judiciaries have an important role to play in promoting economic development and protecting property rights. We argue that judicial independence can also have a positive impact on the protection of human rights. To assess the human rights impact of a de facto independent judiciary, we also argue that scholars must account for the potential of endogeneity between judicial independence and protection of human rights. We examine whether greater de facto independence improves government respect for citizens' physical integrity rights, using a comprehensive dataset of 193 countries from 1981 to 2010. Employing an instrumental variables approach to control for endogeneity, we find strong support for the argument that greater levels of de facto judicial independence improve government respect for physical integrity rights. These findings are robust to changes in measurement, estimation techniques, and model specification. Failing to account for endogeneity will tend to overemphasize the ability of completely independent courts to improve government respect for physical integrity rights.


The Web service paradigm allows for integrating heterogeneous and autonomous applications in cross-organisational systems. The fact that an integrated service is autonomous and distributed in nature presents unique challenges to its reliability. Resilience of the integrated service execution can be achieved through autonomous failure detection and recovery. However, current technologies are unable to effectively resolve the reliability problem due to the lack of high level abstractions and functionalities for Web service integration. Our research indicates there is a need for run-time monitoring, detection and recovery to ensure the correct execution of a composite service. This paper describes the current development of a framework that provides flexible reaction strategies in a Web service composition when an unexpected event is encountered.


The study was performed to optimize the conditions for extracting polyphenols in litchi pericarp and to determine their variation rules during fruit ripening.The fruit of cultivar Huaizhi was used as experimental material and the orthogonal experimental design was involved.The major composition and content of polyphenols in unripe green fruit and ripe red fruit were analyzed using HPLC method.The results showed that the optimum extracting conditions were as follows:the ratio of material and solvent was 3︰10,solvent methanol/acetone(1/1,v/v) at 65%,and the extracting time 20 min.The major polyphenols in litchi pericarp were(-)-epicatechin(EC),(-)-epigallocatechin(EGC) and proanthocyanin A2(PA2).During fruit ripening,three polyphenol contents declined,especially PA2.This study provides a reference on effectively extracting and utilizing polyphenols in litchi pericarp.


In this paper describes the design and simulation of Rectangular slot patch antenna using Hfss11.1 electromagnetic simulation software using coaxial feeding technique. The Rectangular slot patch antenna is being deliberate for amateur radio. Rectangular slot microstrip antenna gives better performance in return loss; effectiveness .This paper proposes the design and simulation of different stages of antenna with DGS and the performance characteristics of this antenna reported in this paper. Ground slot cutting and slot cutting technique being used in this paper to enhance band width.


This paper examines how data that has been processed in Kenya can be taken to another Nation or jurisdiction pursuant to the provisional of the law.


Results of the mechanical and metrological acceptance tests of the mirror bender for the PX beamline are reported. On the one hand, they showed an excellent quality of the mirror before and after mounting in the bender as well as a good reproducibility of the bender. On the other hand, they revealed significant problems with the worm gear actuators. These findings were incorporated in the revised actuator.


In this paper, we point out to the shortcomings of precision and recall in evaluating the performance of geoparsing algorithms. We propose separate processes for evaluating toponym recognition and toponym resolution stages, and also propose new metrics that quantify the performance of toponym resolution.


This paper discusses a 13.89 million pixels CMOS image sensor with the same size as a 36x24 mm 2 film negative. The pitch of the 3-transistor active pixel is 8 microns. The sensor has a full well charge of 65,000 electrons and 35 electrons temporal noise, and a dynamic range of 65 dB. This Sensor can be used in a variety of applications. Especially for machine vision, the resolution, the simple operation of the device and the compatibility of 35 mm optics make it an attractive device. The paper will also address more in detail some advantages of this sensor for vision and inspection applications.


The purpose of this study was to identify and provide information on the factors that assist and barriers that hinder the success of diversity initiatives in multinational corporations. Eight multinational corporations headquartered in the United States were selected for this study. Two methods of data collection were used: semi-structured face-to-face interviews and document analysis. Diversity managers/directors were asked to provide information on the factors assisting in the success of diversity initiatives and the barriers that hinder the success of diversity initiatives. This study revealed that having a strategic plan for diversity initiatives, integrating diversity initiatives into the corporation's strategic plan, recognizing that diversity is a business imperative, having a culture that values diversity and having top management support were the factors most likely to assist in the success of diversity initiatives. The study also disclosed that people not understanding the value of diversity, competing agendas, size and complexity of the corporation and economic changes were the barriers most likely to hinder the success of diversity initiatives in multinational corporations.


W publikacji poruszone zostaly kwestie związane z charakterem pekania metali, zdolności absorbcji energii dynamicznej i samohamowania pekniec. Omowiono podstawy proby udarności metali i stopow sposobem Charpy'ego, z uwzglednieniem roznic w amerykanskim i europejskim wariancie proby. Podkreślono wady i zalety sposobow oceny ciągliwości przelomow udarnościowych opartych na udziale przelomu plastycznego SFA i rozszerzeniu poprzecznym LE. W dalszej cześci publikacji przedstawiono materialy spawalnicze firmy metrode przeznaczone do zastosowan kriogenicznych oraz ich wlaściwości ze szczegolnym uwzglednieniem KV i LE w temperaturze –196 st.  C.  Charpy impact test and lateral expansion parameter in welding consumables evaluation for cryogenic application  In the Charpy impact test three key measurements be made – total absorbed energy, Shear Facture Area SFA and Lateral Expansion LE. However, although these three magnitudes have been available from the Charpy test, two of them SFA and LE have been just lately launched in Europe along with new standard En ISO 148, which combines both American (ASTM E23) and European (EN 10045) regulations. In this paper principles of the impact tests and ductile-brittle fracture characterization are provided as well as comparison between American and European variants of the Charpy impact test.  The second part covers specialist and the most demanding area for welding consumables for joining 304L and 316L stainless steel that are subject to service temperatures down to –196 grad C. The dedicated range of controlled ferrite 'CF' consumables manufactured by metrode is also described and some of the applications for which they have been use are highlighted.


Group sequential designs are widely used in clinical trials to determine whether a trial should be terminated early. In such trials, maximum likelihood estimates are often used to describe the difference in efficacy between the experimental and reference treatments; however, these are well known for displaying conditional and unconditional biases. Established bias‐adjusted estimators include the conditional mean‐adjusted estimator (CMAE), conditional median unbiased estimator, conditional uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator (CUMVUE), and weighted estimator. However, their performances have been inadequately investigated. In this study, we review the characteristics of these bias‐adjusted estimators and compare their conditional bias, overall bias, and conditional mean‐squared errors in clinical trials with survival endpoints through simulation studies. The coverage probabilities of the confidence intervals for the four estimators are also evaluated. We find that the CMAE reduced conditional bias and showed relatively small conditional mean‐squared errors when the trials terminated at the interim analysis. The conditional coverage probability of the conditional median unbiased estimator was well below the nominal value. In trials that did not terminate early, the CUMVUE performed with less bias and an acceptable conditional coverage probability than was observed for the other estimators. In conclusion, when planning an interim analysis, we recommend using the CUMVUE for trials that do not terminate early and the CMAE for those that terminate early. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper the route towards the current optimum of laser generated ion beams by subsequently changing the important parameters such as target thickness, laser pulse contrast, angle of incidence and laser pulse polarization is sketched. Beginning with parameters of isothermal target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA), we reached the regime where the plasma expansion can be described adiabatically and results in a symmetric ion acceleration. Further we demonstrated a way to phase match the accelerating electron population with the ions, namely coherent acceleration of ions by laser pulses (CAIL), which finally lead to radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) if the laser polarization was changed from linear to circular. These findings of ion acceleration with transparent solid targets are additionally supported by analyzing the optical properties of the transmitted laser pulse (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The determination of contract wages in West Germany is studied within a bargaining framework, taking into account some institutional features of the bargaining system as well as the influence of economic forecasts and wage concepts. Cointegration regressions suggest that, in the long run, nominal contract wages are linked to prices, productivity (each with a unit elasticity), and unemployment. In addition to these factors, expectational errors concerning the inflation rate during the contract period and changes in the tax wedge affect (real) wage growth in the short run, but these effects seem to be temporary rather than permanent. Copyright 1993 by The editors of the Scandinavian Journal of Economics.


In this article the author studies the analysis and range planning methodology for the wallpaper industry. There are worked out the methodological recommendations on analysis and range planning of the wallpaper enterprise, based on the positions of ABC‑ and XYZ‑analysis methods, linear programming, the theory of «the optimal investment portfolio» by G. Markovitz, etc.


Trips are multifaceted, complex products which cannot be tested in advance due to their geographical distance. Hence, making a travel decision people often ask others for advice. This leads to an increasing importance of communities. Within communities people share their experiences, which results in new, more extensive knowledge beyond the individual knowledge of each member. The objective of this paper is to use this knowledge by developing an algorithm that automatically generates trend-based travel recommendations. Based on the travel experiences of the community members, interesting travel areas are identified. Five key figures to evaluate these areas according to general criteria and the users' individual preferences are developed. The algorithm allows to generate recommendations for the whole community and not only for highly active members, resulting in a high coverage. A study conducted within an online travel community shows that automatically generated, trend-based trip recommendations are rated better than user-generated recommendations.


Equipment design and installation can account for a major arc flash incident. Having the correct phase barriers in place to shield fuses, contactors, buswork, etc... can save you time and money. This paper discusses an incident our company had involving the installation of a new Medium Voltage Motor Control Center (MCC). There were no phase barriers installed between the section of bus that connects the fuses and the contactor. The result was an arc flash incident when a rodent entered the MCC and came into contact with these connections. During the repairs we contacted the manufacturer of the equipment and purchased the phase barriers for the new contactor and installed them. This paper also shows how we found a similar problem while performing routine yearly maintenance on a similar Medium Voltage MCC at a different location within our system. We have since ordered the phase barriers for this facility as well. While doing research I have found that these phase barriers are not installed on several different manufacturers of this type of equipment. With proper engineering and installation techniques, these arc flash incidents can be avoided.


Although the literature about association between relationship marketing key elements and relationship value concept in Business to Business (B to B) context is condensed, it remains fairly fragmented. An empirical validation of a model presenting the impact of the first concept on the second one was conducted through a survey considering 292 purchasing managers of the electronic subcontracting sector in France. This research presents a contribution since it suggests ways of improvement for researchers and managers seeking to improve the value of relationships in B to B context


A work article-processing device allows you to perform multiple processes in an effective manner. A plurality of treatment systems are connected together joined along a line along which the articles to be processed are processed. A load lock system is connectable connected to the treatment systems and has a transport mechanism that transports the objects to be processed in each of the treatment systems in and out. At least one of the treatment system is a vacuum treatment system, and the load lock system is arranged at such a position that it is in line with the treatment system.


Abstract : To study the forces which act upon projectiles during armor penetration. Friction was found to have a negligible effect during armor penetration. The shearing stresses associated with friction may be calculated quite accurately. It has ben found that these a re less than 5,000 psi except during the first instant of contact. An estimate has been made of the forces which arise from the inertial resistanc eof the plate mat erial. these forces are proportional to the square of the projectile velocity, and are greater the blunter the ogive. These inertial forces may prevent projectiles from penetrating plate in a velocity range above the ballistic limit.


In orthodontics, teeth themselves are the most frequently used anchorage unit to resist unwanted movement. Forces can be exerted from one set of teeth to move certain other teeth. Many factors related to the teeth can influence the anchorage like: the root form, the size (length) of the roots, the number of the roots, the anatomic position of the teeth, presence of ankylosed tooth, the axial inclination of the teeth, root formation, contact points of teeth and their intercuspation.


To evaluate the effects of straw mulching and tillage on the soil water, soil temperature, and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.), five straw mulching and tillage treatments were established: conventional tillage with no straw mulching (CK), conventional tillage with 1.0-fold straw mulching (CM1), no-tillage with 0.5-fold straw mulching (NM0.5), no-tillage with 1.0-fold straw mulching (NM1), and no-tillage with 1.5-fold straw mulching (NM1.5). Except for the soil water content in the 40 to 60 cm soil layer at the V3 stage, straw mulching improved the soil water content, had different effects on the soil temperature at different soil depths, and improved the water use efficiency by 7.24%. As the straw mulching quantity increased, the soil water content and water use efficiency increased, and soil temperature in the different soil layers and growth stages presented different trends. In addition to the soil water content at the V6 growth stage, no-tillage improved the soil water content, soil temperature, and water use efficiency compared with conventional tillage. Overall, NM1.5 had the best soil water conservation and temperature increasing effects, significantly improved the water use efficiency, and was the most appropriate straw mulching and tillage measure in the research area.


DLTS and ODLTS measurements in p-type and n-type LPE GaAs have been used to characterise the deep Cr acceptor level. Both its electron and hole emission rates have been determined separately. Together with previous determination of electron and hole capture cross sections, these measurements lead to a coherent description of the deep Cr level, which is shown to correspond to the Cr3+ or Cr2+ states according to its electronic filling. The Fermi function of the level has been deduced from these experimental results without any approximation. Furthermore, it is shown that the concentration of the Cr level can be determined not only in p-type GaAs, but also in n-type material from ODLTS measurements using only a Schottky diode. Comparison with results of chemical analysis allows us to conclude that most, if not all, the Cr atoms are electrically active in GaAs.