The problem of turning rate guidance and control of marine vehicles is considered. Feedback with feed- forward rudder control is used to deliver a specified turning rate for the vehicle, while a guidance law is employed to create the necessary sequence of turning rate commands which would allow conver- gence to a desired geographical path. Two different guidance schemes are presented and analyzed, namely, cross track error and proportional turning rate guidance. Stability conditions are computed ex- plicitly, while nonlinear analysis techniques illustrate the significance of design parameters on the final system response that cannot be inferred from linearized stability results. naval and commercial operations have unique mission re- quirements and dynamic response characteristics. In partic- ular, they are required to be highly maneuverable and very responsive as they operate in obstacle-avoi dance and object- recognition scenarios. The need, therefore, arises to main- tain accurate path-keeping in confined spaces and shallow waters under the influence of steady- and time-varying ex- ternal forces. The primary vehicle guidance system is based on heading or turning rate commands that are generated based on a specified geographical sequence of desired way points. Speed commands can be generated by incorporating temporal attributes to the way points. These guidance com- mands are then passed to the vehicle controller which at- tempts to deliver the commanded heading and/or heading rate of change by an appropriate use of the vehicle control surfaces (Healey et al 1990). Unlike open sea operations, for vehicle missions in coastal areas and confined waters, the way point sequence must be very dense so that satisfactory path accuracy is maintained. One efficient way of maneu- vering through a given way point sequence is by using a line-of-sight guidance law which commands a heading angle that is directly related to the line-of-sight angle between the vehicle position and a desired destination point. The vehicle controller is then an orientation control law which delivers the commanded heading. Previous studies (Papoulias 1991, 1992), have demonstrated that this scheme is guaranteed stable only if the way point separation is above some critical value. This conclusion is true regardless of the particular form of the line-of-sight guidance or the heading control law used. Similar results hold for vertical plane guidance (Pa-


The author reviews the effects of treating 169 cases of chronic rheumatic disease with cortisone and 175 with ACTH (the total so far treated in America). Cortisone and ACTH are effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, Still's disease, and psoriasis with arthritis. The average dosage for cortisone is 100 mg. daily, in one injection, until a remission is induced, and then 100 mg. thrice weekly. With ACTH it seems preferable to give small doses (generally 25 mg. of standard preparation) four times daily. Relapse after cessation of treatment usually occurs rapidly. Complications include: oedema from sodium retention, hypopotassiumaemia, partial hypercortico-adrenalism, menstrual disorders, diabetic carbohydrate metabolism, insomnia, tachycardia, excitability, and mental depression. They occur more frequently in women, particularly those of premenopausal age, and in children, who require comparatively larger doses. Substances chemically similar to cortisone studied to date, include compound S, progesterone, 1 7-hydroxyprogesterone, pregnenolone, acetoxy-pregnenolone and testosterone, but all are ineffective. In conclusion it is emphasized that, since prolonged administration of cortisone may lead to adrenal atrophy and that of ACTH to pituitary atrophy with adrenal hyperplasia, further research on this problem is required before the hormones can be considered for practical therapy. It remains, however, the greatest advance in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.


"Zhejiang phenomenon" leads people to taking consideration of the Zhe-jiang foreign trade "miracle",which is illustrated in two aspects:the quantity effect and the structure effect.Both effects have coexisted in the foreign trade development of Zhe-jiang.However,the latter is vulnerable to be ignored.This paper focuses on the structure effect of Zhe-jiang's export,and particularly concentrates on an empirical study on the changes in export structures of enterprises,commodities,markets and export patterns in order that practical evidence and beneficial ideas can be obtained to improve the export structure and to transform the export growth patterns.


The effect of trace Sc and Zr on grain refinement of Al-7.2Zn-2.2Mg-1.8Cu as-cast ingot was studied by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with EDS. The results show that addition of only 0.20% Zr or 0. 20% Sc to Al-7.2Zn-2.2Mg-1.8Cu alloy can refine grains to a certain degree, and the addition of 0.10% Sc+0.20%Zr leads to stronger grain refinement, the average grain size is only 10-15μm. Al3Sc/Al3Zr composite particles in the melt work as the nucleation of heterogeneous nucleation during solidification.


The Geographical Indication (GI) scheme of the European Union (EU) provides a specific acknowledgement to agri-food products having a strong linkage with their region of origin. This generates benefits for producers and sellers, but also for the overall local development of the region of origin. In this article, we show the effects produced by Geographical Indication wines in terms of the population


The publication paper title is " Elementary school Teachers Knowing for see and question in Central Java". That is a part of researct publication. The reaserch location is Semarang, Demak, Kudus, and Pati teritorial. The problem statement of the paper are how long elementary school teachers knowed about capacity for reality see and questions. Instrumen of research is questionary, there are any question about elementary school teachers knowed about capacity for reality see and elementary school teachers knowed about capacity for reality questions. That is a quantitaive research and then survay research design. We get some information that level of capasity elementary school teachers knowed about capacity for reality see and questions are low. That is consistent with other research result, when we get a same kinds.


Shear connectors are used to avoid potential slipping between steel and concrete and slipping due to deformations on concrete plate. Many materials having different shapes and dimensions are tested as shear connectors. In this study, availability of earthquake resistant steel bars manufactured in the same length as headed studs are investigated. For this purpose, 4 push-out tests accomplished to the composite beams with profiled steel sheeting in which earthquake resistant steel bars are used as shear connector and 4 push-out tests accomplished in which headed studs are used as shear connector. Earthquake resistant steel bar is a steel reinforcement bar used in concrete and produced by a heating process during hot rolling with the ribs on it to increase the adherence between concrete and steel.It is abundantly manufactured in recent years with an increasing use in reinforced concrete constructions due to its advantages in terms of ductility, weldability, adherence, corrosion resistance and strength.In the experimental section, 8 push-out tests performed on 16 slab specimens with different slab height, different number and arrangement of shear connectors. As a result of the tests, earthquake resistant steel can be suggested to be used as an alternative material for the shear connectors.


Abstract The article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the content of key functional strategies of companies in the real sector of the economy. The purpose of the article is to assess the changes in the economic behaviour of companies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, to analyse business practices in adapting functional strategies to new risks, and to determine the directions for transforming functional strategies. An analysis of companies' business practices showed that the pandemic had a significant impact on the economic behaviour of companies, transforming not only their tactics, but also their strategy. The functional strategies of the companies have undergone significant changes - marketing, production, personnel management strategies. The transformation of the marketing sphere is due to new trends in the sphere of consumption that have arisen as a result of the introduction of restrictive measures by states. The changed conditions of production activities necessitated accelerated digitalization and robotization of production, restructuring of supply chains and determined the need for the formation of innovative production strategies that meet the conditions of the Industry 4.0 era. The strategy and tactics of personnel management of companies are adapting to the conditions of the epidemic using a remote work format, digitalization of processes and tasks, and the use of new approaches in management. Based on the results of the study, the authors concluded that the pandemic has highlighted problems in the ability of companies to learn quickly in a rapidly changing environment. Today, the surviving companies are those that have been able to best adapt to unforeseen threats. For them, the coronavirus pandemic is not the cause of the crisis, but a turning point and a unique opportunity to develop in a highly competitive environment.


Teaching experiments can be carried out with units of the disciplinary domain knowledge which are adapted and reorganized from the disciplinary knowledge in mathematics,on the basis of structural characteristics of domain knowledge.Some questionnaires and in-depth interviews which contained 215 students at second year at middle school were used to investigate the effect which is caused by disciplinary domain knowledge in knowledge representation and also did some research on the relationship between knowledge representation and mathematical achievements.The results are as follows:(1) disciplinary domain knowledge can significantly improve the comprehensive and overall level of declarative knowledge representation;(2) disciplinary domain knowledge can significantly improve students'procedural knowledge representation in comprehensive,automation,organization and overall level;(3) the three elements of cognitive structure,declarative knowledge representation and procedural knowledge representation are significantly correlated with students'mathematics achievements;(4) excellent students are significantly better than average students and poor students with respect to the accuracy and overall level of declarative representation and the organization and overall level of procedural knowledge representation.


Skin tests and specific immunotherapy (SIT) are regular activites in allergy practice. Despite the high quality of the products utilized, a constant threat for triggering anaphylactic reactions remains. About 50% of anaphylactic reactions with fatal outcome are thought to be iatrogenic. Analysis of generalized allergic reactions associated with skin tests or SIT revealed several risk factors. Among the most important factors are allergic asthma, patients on β-blockers, seasonal exacerbation of symptoms, exquisit sensitivity to particular allergens, rush SIT, and treatment errors both with regard to organization (skin tests) as well as dosing or application (SIT). Careful patient assessment is therefore mandatory to adequately evaluate the risk for diagnostic or therapeutic measures in any given patient. Moreover, the actual physical condition of the patient at the time of performing that measure needs to be checked, since interfering infections, immunizations or physical exercise might make it necessary to postpone the treatment planned. Still, the risk for iatrogenic anaphylactic reactions can only be minimized, not omitted, and should never be neglected. Thus, the ability to provide initial emergency treatment both with regard to available resources as well as personal skills is a prerequisit to practise allergology.


A CAD system supporting hydraulic cylinder CAD/CAPP integration is introduced. The information expression method based on specific feature is used in the system to realize integration of construction design and process design. Prototype method and selection of fundametntal figure is used in the system. which eases design work. The realizing way of the system lays a foundation for us to do rearch in this field.


The invention provides a process for manufacturing excavator bucket teeth and relates to the technical field of excavator part manufacturing. The manufacturing process comprises a first step of selecting a material, a second step of heating to 1100 DEG C, a third step of performing rough forging T type through an air hammer, a fourth step of performing coarse crushing forming through a pressing machine, a fifth step of maintaining flash, a sixth step of performing stamping in a forming die, a seventh step of cutting edges, an eighth step of punching sub-holes, a ninth step of performing punching to punch marks, a tenth step of performing inner square hole shaping, an eleventh step of performing heat insulation and cooling, a twelfth step of performing detection to detect flaws, a thirteenth step of performing heat treatment and quenching, a fourteenth step of performing shot blasting and cleaning the surface, a fifteenth step of painting and a sixteenth step of packaging and placing the excavator bucket teeth in a warehouse. Crystals are thinned and uniform through forging and rearranging combination, pearlite and ferrite are evenly distributed according to internal metallographic structure analysis, and the excavator bucket teeth greatly improve mechanical performances and are high in strength and resistant to abrasion and impact.


This paper addresses the implications of social workers changing their position within the same medium-sized remote communities (that is, approximately 20,000 - 30,000 people). This issue has particular relevance to these communities, yet would not be relevant to the same extent in larger cities. Social workers who have changed their position within this sized community (Whyalla) completed a questionnaire examining what they perceived to be the implications for the worker, agencies involved, clients and the community.


During the past few decades, many successful research works have evidently shown remarkable capability of Acoustic Emission (AE) for early damage detection of composite materials. Modal Analysis of AE signals or Modal Acoustic Emission (MAE) offers a better theoretical background for acoustic emission analysis which is necessary to get more qualitative and quantitative result. In this paper, the application of MAE concept in a single channel AE source location detection method for failure characterization and monitoring in thin composite plates was presented. Single channel AE source location is one of the recent studies for composite early damage localization, owing to the growing interest and knowledge of modal analysis of AE wave. A tensile test was conducted for glass fiber epoxy resin specimen with small notch. A single channel of AE system was used to determine the AE source location on specimen under testing. The results revealed that AE single channel source location provides reasonable accuracy for glass fiber laminate which was tested.


A new method has recently been devised whereby a human brain, or any part of it, can be colored with a small brush and colored inks, 1 causing various important areas of the brain to become immediately recognizable because of the vivid, pleasing color and also because the anatomic name of the part can be lettered on it. The student and others do not find it easy to grabble through the perplexing convolutions and the deeper, more confusing structures, seeking the known brain areas and trying to understand their function. But if the anterior central gyrus of the hemisphere has been brushed with carmine red ink and then "Leg, Trunk, Arm, Face" lettered on it in black ink; and if the posterior central gyrus is colored green and then the informative word "Sensation" printed on it with a tiny lettering brush, 2 then these immensely important areas are seen at


Software development for cellular computing is growing up yielding new applications. In this paper, we describe a simulator for the class of recognizer P systems with active membranes, which exploits the massively parallel nature of the P systems computations by using a massively parallel computer architecture, such as Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) from Nvidia, to obtain better performance in the simulations. We illustrate it by giving a solution to the N-Queens problem as an example.


Because of the electron-donating effects of their terminal dimethylamino groups, the carbonyl units of 1-aryl-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-ones are excellent proton acceptors. Intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed by these species were investigated by structural techniques (X-ray and neutron diffraction), spectroscopy, and density functional calculations. Co-crystallization of a derivative bearing three (dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-one units attached at one center in the presence of different proton donors produced one- and two-dimensional H-bridged polymers. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


Homogenization of monthly averages of air temperature and relative humidity has been carried out for the area of the Czech and Slovak Republics for the period 1961-2005. Because of presence of a noise in the series, statistical homogeneity tests give their results with some portion of uncertainty. Using various statistical tests along with various types of reference series made it possible to considerably increase the number of homogeneity tests results for each tested series and thus to assess homogeneity more reliably. Homogenization was performed on individual hourly observations and comparison demonstrating the improvement of results compared to the homogenization of daily averages was made. Air temperature and relative humidity series were compared to help identify to what extent multi-element processing can help improve the homogenization of individual elements. All data processing and analysis were carried out using AnClim and ProcClimDB (software developed for automatic processing, analyzing, homogeneity testing and adjusting of climatological data).


Abstract Fiber optic technology is now being deployed on a large scale by cable television companies. Fiber brings unique benefits to cable system design in terms of improved reliability, reduced operating costs, and upgrades of channel capacity. The increased deployment of fiber will also enable cable companies to offer new services to take advantage of the increased functionality of the resulting network design. A survey of cable companies' deployment of fiber is presented.


This feature includes brief reports on administrative, regulatory, and technical activities related to research, development for, and implementation of facilities and technologies related to safety aspects of the management of radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel. The information in this issue of Nuclear Safety was received during the third quarter of 1990. 13 refs.


This effect of PbO vapor on the strength of alumina was studied to determine the corrosion mechanism. Characterization of the corroded samples was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, strength and sound velocity measurements, weight and dimensional changes. The strength and sound velocity of alumina decreased when exposed to PbO but weight and volume increased. Thermodynamic modeling of the PbO–Al2O3 system was carried out using the CALculation of PHAse Diagram method, which showed that three pseudo-binary compounds, PbAl2O4, Pb2Al2O5, and PbAl12O19 can be formed, in agreement with prior work. It was postulated that PbAl12O19 is most likely to form when alumina is exposed to PbO at sintering temperatures and this was confirmed by XRD and energy-dispersive analysis. The PbAl12O19 phase does not form a surface layer but rather nucleates and grows as individual crystals embedded in the alumina surface, forming a more porous structure. This surface porosity then acts to concentrate applied stress, resulting in a lower strength. This strength degradation mechanism makes alumina kiln furniture more sensitive to thermal stresses with repeated use, explaining the observed cracking behavior.


Plots consisted of single trees in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 replicates of Delicious, both spur types. Experimental sprays were applied to run-off with a handgun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35 gpm pump. Spray dates were as follows: 5 Apr (CGA-29170 and oil treatments only), 19 Apr (DPX-Y5893 treatments only, no Plictran combination applied), 3 and 14 Jun, 19 Jul (ABG-6162, R008-4947 and Plictran treatments only), 27 Jun (DPX-Y5893 plus Plictran combination treatments only), 9 Jul (DPX-Y5893 treatments only, rate increased on lowest rate). On 3 Jun, the ABG-6162 treatments received only 540, 1080, and 2160 ml/100 gal, respectively. General sprays of fungicides (Cyprex, Benlate, Polyram, Captan, Zineb, Manzate, Bayleton, Dithane), insecticides (Lorsban, Phosphamidon, Guthion, Sevin, Pydrin, Systox), and calcium chloride were made at ca. one- two-week intervals throughout the experiment with a Friend Airmaster at 50 gpa. Effectiveness of materials on mites was evaluated by making several counts on random samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves per treatment. Mite population pressure was severe throughout the summer. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/replicate, 60/treatment. Fruits were rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were: 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate), 90-120 (moderate to severe). Ratings are in numerical order and are as follows (first 4 treatments not included); 95, 67, 74, 76, 90, 85, 88, 82, 67, 78, 73, and 64.


Abstract Since the original formulation of ripeness theory, a growing number of conflicts have involved armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. Can conflicts involving terrorist groups also become ripe for negotiations? This article addresses this question by examining how proscription affects the two key mechanisms that can make a conflict ripe for the onset of negotiations: mutually hurting stalemates and the willingness to look for a way out. This article proposes that proscription expands the power asymmetry between states and non-state actors and empowers hardliners, reducing the likelihood that both sides perceive a mutually hurting stalemate. Proscription can also hinder the ability to look for a way out by placing legal constraints on engagement, reducing trust, polarizing inter-group relations and interfering with the ability of third parties to create incentives for negotiations. This article briefly considers these dynamics within the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, showing how a terrorism focus has increased the power asymmetry between Hamas and the Israeli state, has reinforced military responses over diplomatic solutions and has undermined both the perception of a mutually hurting stalemate and the belief of the two sides that a way out is possible through negotiations.


The second part of an IBM 704 Computer Code to determine transient thermal stress in pressure vessels is described. This part computes stresses from temperature distribution determined by the first part. A brief account is given of the solution of axially symmetric thermal stresses, using harmonic stress functions. This is followed by a description of the Code and complete input and operating instructions for a number of problems. The code is known as TURF6. It was found thnt the computer results for thermal stresses in a solid sphere subjected to a sudden change of temperature at the surface corresponded within 5% of the theoretical values. The IBM 704 Computer required for this code has a 16 K memory, three drums and two tape units. (auth)


The paper considers the growing importance of technology in ensuring the competitiveness of the domestic economy and its sustainable development in the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Focus on technological innovations should form a basis for the structural adjustment and revival of the real economy. The implementation of this course coincides with the global trend that today defines the industrial policies of developed countries the new industrialization. In this context, we consider new approaches to the development of the industrial policy in Russia that could allow structural and technological transformation and foster economic growth. The paper explores how right structural and scientific and technological priorities can be established and integrated in the industrial policy framework, and how institutional environment required to support scientific, technological, and industrial development can be created.


The striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is a small, pelagic and cosmopolitan cetacean. Though it is the most common dolphin species in the Mediterranean Sea, it is not considered resident in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea. Fifteen striped dolphins were found dead in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea in the last eight years (1999– 2007). More specimens were found in southern than in the northern part of the Adriatic. Analysis of twelve microsatellite loci and sequencing of a 882 base pair (bp) fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were performed for genetic characterization. The mean allelic diversity (7 ± 0.78) and mean expected heterozygosity haplotypes with 22 polymorphic sites in ten individuals. The haplotype diversity (0.911 ± 0.077) was high, while nucleotide diversity was strikingly low (0.006 ± 0.003). Results presented here support the notion of the striped dolphin not being resident species in Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea.


The purpose of this study was to increase the frequency of four specific customer-service behaviors in three full-time department store salespeople. The behaviors recorded were approaching customers, greeting them, being courteous, and appropriately closing the sale. These responses were defined as the four major steps involved in making a sale. A combination multiple baseline across subjects and a reversal design were used to evaluate the results. A training program had only a slight impact on improving service, but feedback produced a substantial improvement in the frequency of all four targeted customer-service behaviors. Removal of feedback produced a small decline in performance; but the percentage of exceptional customer-service behaviors increased to approximately the same levels as those obtained during the Feedback phase, when we told salespeople that their service would be evaluated by customers they waited on.


Investment of mining is increased rapidly,the increasing of mineral commodities production is slowdown,the trade of mineral commodities is very flourish,the price of mineral commodities is increased and decreased rapidly in 2008.As the affect of international financial crisis,the mining industry is entering a key period of transition or reorganization that the demand is slowdown,the price is declining,the investment is decreasing.Maybe this is the reasonable regress of "bursting" mining and rational falling of "mad" price.


Critical thinking (CT) is being increasingly discussed in language learning and teaching. Discussions around CT are particularly influencing English for Academic Purposes (EAP) which the teachers' aim for the students is to help them learn all of the skills necessary to succeed in the university career. Accordingly, the study mainly surveys the effect of receiving critical thinking trainings on degree students through the English for Academic Purposes (EAP) program. Participants of the study included 256 freshmen students from four departments at a leading university in China. The experiment group studied EAP, while the control group studied General English within one academic semester. In addition to CT assessment, the two groups were also compared in regards with Language Learning Strategy (LLS). The significant contribution of the study might be to reveal the possible relationship between CT and LLS. The results and discussions would be conducive for language practitioners and administrators.


In order to survive the turbulence of the environment, managers of companies are called into question to develop sustainable ways of adaptation, which it will improve resistance against a potential perturbation and the response to the modification of the economic environment. The most recent important economic turbulence it was represented by the Economic Crisis, which affected all economic activities, including oil industries, by reducing the demand for crude oil, but also the demand for fuels. This event puts the companies in a special situation, because their analysis of the sustainability of the development of the oil specifically was made with the premise that oil demand will remain above 100 USD per barrel. The fuel demand slowly declines in the period of the Financial crisis mainly because of low need for transport services for goods and persons. The main objective of this paper is to identify the influence of some environmental factors like the evolution of the registrations of new vehicles, registrations of second hand vehicles and re-registrations of vehicles. The goal is to of research provides evidence that the influence exists. Data was gathered from companies' quarterly reports, statistical yearbooks and other databases. The methods used are simple linear regression, using one x-variable a time, because of the limited data, in order to evidence the relation with the function Y represented by quarterly sales revenues.


A study of costs and returns involved in fattening cattle on grazing crops in winter in Southern and Central Queensland on a sample of properties during 1958 and 1959 is reported. Data are presented on the distribution of farms in relation to the various components of costs of cropping, and in relation to the productivity of crops in terms of liveweight gain and estimated meat production per acre.


Developing reconfigurable robotic systems may be quite challenging. This contribution aims at proposing a new methodology to ensure the safety of such critical systems. It uses new tools and innovative concepts. To show the relevance of the said methodology, we apply the contribution to a real medical robotic system: BROS. Key–Words: Design, verification, implementation, re-configurable systems, UML, R-TNCES, robotic systems


Objective To investigate the relationship between tryptase expression in patients with coronary heart disease and severity of the coronary artery disease.Methods Autopsy heart samples(n=70) collected during 2008—2011 were divided into 4 groups.Group A(20 cases) died of sudden death with coronary heart disease(SCD);group B(20 cases),non-sudden death with coronary heart disease;group C(10 cases) died of anaphylaxis sudden death;group D(20 cases),died of any cause without atherosclerosis.Tryptase was detected by immunohistochemistry(SP method) and image analysis system.Results OD in ischemic myocardium were significantly higher in SCD,CHD,sudden death of hypersensitivity up than that in the control group,and comparison among the groups showed statistically significantly differences(P0.05).Condusions Tryptase expression is increased in ischemic myocardium of SCD patients.Increased expression of tryptase in ischemic myocardium is closely related to the occurrence of SCD,providing new ways for SCD diagnosis and clinical research of prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.


In this issue of Blood , Grace et al characterize the clinical manifestations, disease complications, and response to treatment of 278 patients with pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency from a 5-country longitudinal natural history study. 1 The availability of such a large genetic and clinical data set of patients with this rare red cell disorder will allow for more robust genotype–phenotype correlations and guide the development of future therapeutic strategies.


This paper Makes a research and comparison on analog video surveillance system and digital video surveillance system.Then it summarizes and sums up the characteristic for new network digital video recorder and the realization scheme,current research situations and developing prospects of video surveillance system based on network digital video recorder.Finally,it gives a kind of application example of network digital video recorder.


This article aims to reflect on the relationship between communication, cosmopolitanism and alterity in migration processes, based on the critical discourse analysis of an anti-xenophobia advertising campaign called "I'm an Immigrant", held in 2015 in the UK. From a conceptual discussion on notions of cosmopolitanism, identity, alterity, in its connections with representations and citizenship practices of transnational migrations, we analyzed the discourses of the campaign pieces' texts that have been placed in urban areas of the city of London and in digital spaces on the internet. The analysis showed that the campaign contributes to give visibility to migrants, singularizing their trajectories. However, this singularity is built on the one hand, on the emphasis in an economistic dimension that associates immigration to work, without exposing its contradictions, and, on the other hand, based on a western, white and secular model, which operates for the erasure of differences that constitute UK´s migratory cultures.


This study analyses the job expectations found in early childhood education students as well as the main personal and academic aspects that influence their training during the COVID-19 pandemic. A nonexperimental ex post facto study based on a descriptive, correlational and inferential approach is developed. A total of 168 students from the University of Seville (Spain) participated. The results show a moderate to high level of expected employability. However, salary expectations and how the university is perceived regarding employability reveal more negative data. Expectations are higher for men, first-year students and those from a high socioeconomic background. The results suggest the value of offering guidance to students according to their employment preferences, before and during their training, to avoid considering the university as the only educational institution available.


Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1 Hour 6 3 CHAPTER 2 Hour 7 19 CHAPTER 3 Hour 7 1/2 32 CHAPTER 4 Hour 7 3/4 48 CHAPTER 5 Hour 8 63 CHAPTER 6 Hour 9 80 CHAPTER 7 Hour 10 95 CHAPTER 8 Hour 18 111 CHAPTER 9 Hour 24 137 Epilogue 152 APPENDIX A Continuing the Conversations 155 APPENDIX B A Brief Review of Calculus as Explained to Connor by Ellie 191 Acknowledgments 223 Bibliography 225 Index 227


It is disclosed a control system that includes a wind condition determination module that determines a wind condition, and a leak detection test control module that selectively diagnosed steam leakage, which is associated with a vehicle on the basis of the wind condition. There is disclosed a method comprising that a wind condition is determined, and that a vapor leak, which is associated with a vehicle, is selectively diagnosed on the basis of the wind condition.


Since 1984, the European Commission has supported projects related to spoken language processing within various programs (particularly ESPRIT, ESPRIT-BRA and TELEMATICSLANGUAGE ENGINEERING). The projects address various aspects of spoken language processing including basic research, technology development, infrastructure (language resources and evaluation) and applications in different areas (telecommunications, language training, office systems, games, cars, information access and retrieval, banking, aids to the handicapped...). The next program, the 5th Framework Program is now being prepared, and should unite the activities in the area of Human Language Technology and its components in a single sector. The three sub-areas which have been identified are "Multilinguality", "Natural Interactivity" and "Active Content". Several on-going projects are addressing the design of conversational systems. Three example applications are: the ESPRIT Mask project which aims to develop a Multimodal-Multimedia Automated Service Kiosk providing access to rail travel information; the LE Arise project which aims to provide similar information via the telephone for the Dutch, French, and Italian railways; and the LE Vodis project whose goal is to develop a vocal interface to enhance the usability and functionality of in-car driver assistance and information services.


Some data sets contain observations corresponding to pairs of entities (people, companies, countries, etc.). Conceptually, each observation corresponds to a cell in a square matrix, where the rows and columns are labelled by the entities. For example, consider a square matrix where the rows and columns are the 50 U.S. states. Each observation would contain numbers such as the distance between the pair of states, exports from one state to the other, etc. The observations are not independent, so estimation procedures designed for independent observations will calculate incorrect standard errors. The quadratic assignment procedure (QAP), which is commonly used in social network analysis, is a resampling-based method, similar to the bootstrap, for calculating the correct standard errors. This talk explains the QAP algorithm and describes the -qap- command, with syntax similar to -bstrap- command, which implements the quadratic assignment procedure and allows running any estimation command using QAP samples.


The importance of supermarkets in the world food economy has increased radically since the early 1990s. They are now major sellers and buyers of food items not only in developed but also in developing countries. Urbanization and the liberalization of the services sector have been important facilitators of this process. Supermarkets have a significant impact on both producers and consumers. They provide relatively cheaper and better quality products, at least to some groups of urban consumers (the relatively better-off consumers in developing countries and the poor inner-city dwellers in more developed ones), thus contributing positively to their food security. Their global procurement networks, stringent quality requirements and financial muscle make this possible. The same factors, however, impact differently on producers. The suppliers who can abide by the quality standards, quantity requirements …/. The World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) was established by the United Nations University (UNU) as its first research and training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland in 1985. The Institute undertakes applied research and policy analysis on structural changes affecting the developing and transitional economies, provides a forum for the advocacy of policies leading to robust, equitable and environmentally sustainable growth, and promotes capacity strengthening and training in the field of economic and social policy making. Work is carried out by staff researchers and visiting scholars in Helsinki and through networks of collaborating scholars and institutions around the world. Camera-ready typescript prepared by Liisa Roponen at UNU-WIDER The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s). Publication does not imply endorsement by the Institute or the United Nations University, nor by the programme/project sponsors, of any of the views expressed. and the business practices of supermarkets, either alone or in association with others, benefit from these new retail channels. They also gain easier access to export markets. Smaller and poorer producers, who cannot meet these requirements, are left out, marginalized and often bought out by larger concerns, experiencing impoverishment and subsequent deterioration in their food security. Finally, employment in the traditional retail sector suffers with a non-negligible loss of employment. These global phenomena are examined and illustrated through examples from the Latin American region provided in the literature. Particular emphasis is put on fresh fruit and vegetables, products that have been studied most extensively, and milk. The case of potatoes illustrates the impact of the fast food industry, which is not much different …


Objective
To observe the efficacy and adverse effects of rosuvastatin on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with pulmonary hypertension.

Methods
140 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with pulmonary hypertension treated in the Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from January 2016 to June 2017 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 70 cases in each group.The control group received symptomatic treatment, while the observation group received symptomatic treatment combined with rosuvastatin.The effective rate of the two groups was compared, and the pulmonary function, pulmonary artery pressure and 6-minute walking distance before and after treatment were compared.

Results
The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (91.43% vs 74.29%, χ2=7.241, P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, pulmonary artery systolic pressure and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure in the two groups were significantly improved after treatment (all P<0.05). After treatment, pulmonary artery systolic pressure and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t=9.658, 10.885, all P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity and 6-minute walking distance in the two groups were significantly improved after treatment (all P<0.05). After treatment, the forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity and 6-minute walking distance in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=4.893, 2.413, 3.196, all P<0.05). There was no serious adverse reaction in two groups.

Conclusions
Rosuvastatin is effective in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with pulmonary hypertension.It can effectively reduce pulmonary artery pressure, improve lung function, increase 6-minute walking distance, and has no obvious adverse reactions.

Key words:
Rosuvastatin; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Pulmonary hypertension


The present experimental study evaluated the seismic performance of six engineered cementitious composite (ECC)
columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates under cyclic lateral loading. The ECC columns damaged and crushed in the first stage of cyclic tests were repaired using the ECC with a certain polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and strengthened with flexural and sheer CFRP laminates and then re-assessed under the cyclic loading. The effects of some variables were examined on lateral displacement, energy absorption and dissipation, failure modes, crack patterns, load bearing capacity and plasticity, and the obtained results were compared with those of the first stage of cyclic tests. The results showed
that retrofitting the ECC columns can improve their performance, plasticity and load-bearing threshold, delayed the concrete failure, changed the failure modes and increased the energy absorbed by the strengthened columns element by over 50%.


The collision-induced far-infrared spectra due to H2-H2 and H2-He collisions have been previously measured in the range 20 to 900/cm-1 at -77.4, 194.7, and 292.4 K. These spectra are fitted with a semi-empirical line shape and the parameters in the shape function are evaluated. The accuracy of these fittings is discussed. The zeroth and first spectral moments for the isotropic overlap translational spectrum due to H2-He collisions are obtained and given a value for the range parameter in the induced-dipole function in good agreement with that given by an ab initio calculation.


To integrate the programming model and the executing model, the procedure is introduced into the design of multi-core micro-architecture, and the method-centric (Metric) multi-core architecture is proposed. A functional simulator for Metric multi-core architecture is designed and implemented. The simulator is implemented with the object-oriented programming methodology, and is composed of three groups of components: functional simulator, ISA emulator and auxiliary components. The experimental results show that the implemented simulator is effective and correct.


57 ABSTRACT The present application discloses a low cost method and apparatus for scoring the performance of a trainee in his or her use of a military-type weapon in simulation. In the broader sense, the invention disclosed determines and records whether the analog value of a test signal is within a preselected range of a preselected analog value. In the intended environment the preselected analog value denotes the centrex of a target. And, the preselected range is the area of proximity to the target that denotes a "hit", and is provided by a steady-state voltage that is taken in sum and difference format with the above-identified preselected analog value.


Specialization of college counsellors concerns the issue of improving college students' ideological and political education.Making clear the trace of counsellors' specialized development and defining the standard of specialization are important prerequisites for promoting its specialization.Thus,it is important to improve counsellors' treatment,strengthen the service function,set positions in a scientific way and solve the problems that hinder the development of specialization.


Herein, we report the nickel‐catalyzed cascade C−O bond cleavage/cyclization of ortho‐alkynylphenyl ester to construct a 3‐acylbenzo[b]furan skeleton. As a result of reaction condition screening, the Ni(0)/IAd (1,3‐Di(1‐adamantyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene) system was found to be optimal for catalytic conversion. Interestingly, the reaction exclusively gives 3‐acylbenzo[b]furan instead of a decarbonylated product frequently observed in reactions mediated by acyl‐nickel species. The catalyst loadings could be reduced to 5–10 mol %. We demonstrated the synthesis of a variety of functionalized 3‐acylbenzofuran derivatives. We conducted stoichiometric study of nickel complexes as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations to support a possible reaction mechanism.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the general population, affecting about 0.4% of the general population. Its prevalence increases with age reaching 15% in adults over 70 years of age. During the past decade, as techniques and technologies have improved, catheter ablation of AF has become a standard and effective therapy for patients with symptomatic and drug-refractory AF. The improved three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping systems and the induction in the clinical practice of other ablation techniques, such as cryoablation, have contributed to the worldwide increase of the number of ablation procedures. Catheter ablation seems to be superior to antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT) which is also associated with potential toxic or proarrhythmic effects after long term use. The recently presented data from RAAFT 2 study, showed that 55% of the patients who had randomized to AF ablation had had a recurrence compared to 72%, of those who had received ADT after 2 years follow up. For the first time, the 2012 updated guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology, recommend catheter ablation as the first line therapy in selected patients with paroxysmal AF alternative to ADT (class IIa, level B). The main target of the AF catheter ablation is the circumferential electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins (PVs) ostium or antrum. In some patients suffering from persistent AF, a more aggressive strategy is adopted, including left atrial substrate modification with linear ablation or rarely with lesions in other anatomical structures as right atrium, superior or inferior vena cava, fossa ovalis, left atrial appendage and coronary sinus or the ligament of Marshall... (excerpt)


Aims & Scope: Even if we are living in the era of antibiotics, microbial infections still represent one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This factual reality is caused mainly by the acquisition of antimicrobials resistance, which is supported by irrational usage of antibiotics that humans developed during time. Recent focus of research is to develop novel therapeutic approaches to diminish and remove pathogenic resistant bacteria. Recent findings state that microbial, plant or animal-derived products can be directed as useful tools in modulating pathogenic bacteria virulence and resistance, with minimum effects against superior hosts. Novel approaches, using bio and nanotechnology were developed for stabilization and efficient delivery of natural antimicrobial compounds. This special issue aims to cluster recent data regarding antimicrobial therapies based on natural compounds and to underline the contribution of bio and nanotechnology to the development of new strategies for fighting pathogens. We expect that this special issue will increase the specialists awareness regarding the wide opportunity offered by naturally-originated products for the antimicrobial therapy and will reveal new prospects for integrating traditional natural compounds and last generation technologies.


The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) recently completed an evaluation of a used nuclear fuel transportation package subjected to loads associated with the MacArthur Maze fire and overpass collapse of 2007. This historical event is used as the basis of an extreme accident scenario to investigate the performance of the package system under loads that are beyond regulatory limits and to assess the potential risk to the public. The accident scenario was modeled in a number of physics regimes, including fire dynamics models, thermal models, structural impact models, and structural thermal expansion models. In this case the thermal expansion behavior of the bolted closure was a key component of the leak rate calculations and offered a tough analytical challenge, which was ultimately resolved using a detailed nonlinear finite element model of the bolt threads with thread inserts discretely modeled. This paper describes the analytical steps that were taken, starting with classic bolt stress calculations and ending with sophisticated finite element analysis, while also putting the analysis into context of the larger analytical effort and the assessment of used nuclear fuel transportation package safety that is critical to the mission of the US NRC.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


The analysis of lipid peroxidation (LPO) contents in plasma, erythrocytes and saliva of 23 patients with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections has been carried out. The contents of the final products of neutral lipids oxidation, end and secondary products of phospholipid peroxidation was found to increase as well as the relatively healthy patients revealed the decrease of the secondary products of lipid peroxidation. The differences in the degree of change in LPO activity in the blood and saliva of the patients were demonstrated. The maximum increase of the lipid peroxidation products was detected in isopropanol extracts of red blood cells. The differences in the nature and number of relations between the LPO parameters in different biological material in healthy persons and patients.


Seafloor transponders are used to track and determine the underwater targets.However,it is always impossible to deploy a transponder precisely in deep ocean because of current,wave and surge.A calibration phase is needed to estimate the position of each transponder before doing any tracking or localization.A method which is called improved vertical lines intersection for measurement of the coordinate of bottom transponder is presented for modification of previous methods.This method applies solid geometry and analytic geometry principia to get the coordinate of transponder directly,without requirements of navigation vessel track and sea depth.The Markov process is adopted to simulate vessel movement,and the statistical confidence interval with confidence of 0.99 is obtained from Monte-Carlo emulation of 1000 times.The results show that the improved vertical lines intersection method owns fine accuracy and favorable robustness for position error of research ship.


Bob Michell graduated from the University of London in Physiology and Veterinary Medicine in 1964. He is currently reader in the Department of Medicine, Royal Veterinary College, and chairman of the Board of Veterinary Studies at the University of London. He is author of 'Renal Disease in Dogs and Cats', co-author of 'Veterinary Fluid Therapy' and editor of 'An Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology'. METABOLIC acidosis occurs in all species, and is associated especially with diarrhoea. In addition, in herbivores, particularly ruminants, lactic acidosis resulting from the rapid fermentation of carbohydrate is an important cause. This brief review emphasises the fluid and electrolyte disturbances associated with ruminant acidosis.


Critical Analysis of Village Fund Management Using Maqashid Syariah Approach in Tanjung Saleh Village, Kubu Raya Regency.The birth of Law number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages is a form of the presence of the Indonesian government to its people. The presence of the government to fulfill the needs and basic needs of its people is getting clearer, it can be seen in article 1 paragraph 2 that village funds are funds sourced from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget for villages that are transferred through the Regency / City Regional Budget and Expenditure and used to finance governance, development implementation, community development, and community empowerment. On the one hand, the village fund program must make observations and evaluations related to the values of the program being carried out. This study analyzes the village fund program using the Maqashid Syariah approach with five basic principles, namely maintaining religion, soul, mind, descent and property. For that research questions focused on; management of village funds in Tanjung Saleh, Kubu Raya Regency with the Maqashid Syariah approach to safeguarding religion (al-Din), soul (al-Nafs), mind (al-'Aql), descent (al-Nasl), property (al-Maal) For that research questions focused on; management of village funds in Tanjung Saleh, Kubu Raya Regency with the Maqashid Syariah approach to safeguarding religion (al-Din), soul (al-Nafs), reason (al-'Aql), descent (al-Nasl), property (al-Maal) with the aim of exploring and understanding the concept of village funds in terms of 5 (five) principles of Maqashid Syariah which are inspired by sharia values. This research was a field research with qualitative descriptive methods and normative juridical. The conclusion of this research is that there has been a harmonization between the values in the Maqashid Syariah in terms of maintaining religion, soul, mind, descent and property in village fund programs in Tanjung Saleh from 2017 to 2019. The work programs of the village of Tanjung Saleh, Sungai Kakap District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan, from 2017 to 2019 which are related to maintaining religion was 9%, programs related to keeping the soul was 266%, programs related to maintaining intelligence was 16%, programs related to maintaining descent was 4%, and programs related to safeguarding property was 6%. From this percentage, it shows the harmonization of maqashid with village programs that have been implemented for welfare and services to the community. The interesting thing from the conclusion above is the finding of life-preserving programs that is very dominant compared to other programs so that it can be measured that keeping the soul is very important. Keeping the soul is also a public program that the benefits can be felt by people across ethnicities and religions. It means that inclusive programs without any discrimination.


ABSTRACT: Sediment deposition from 1880 to 1979 was estimated for the riparian zone of a coastal plain agricultural watershed. Two approaches were used: (1) deposition estimates based on changes in depth to the argillic horizon along transects from fields to streams and (2) calculations of mass of deposition derived from estimated 100-year upland erosion based on the universal soil loss equation and a sediment delivery ratio. Estimates of changes in depth to the argillic horizon along nine transects yielded a mean of 52 Mg·ha·−1yr−1, with a range 7.6 to 92 Mg·ha·−1yr−1. The estimated average annual rate of gross erosion minus sediment transport from the watershed was 35 Mg·ha·−1yr−1. Thus, the average annual rate of sediment deposition on this watershed during the 1880-1979 period was 35 to 52 Mg·ha·−1yr−1. These data suggest that riparian ecosystems arc important sinks for sediments.


This work is aimed towards deriving mathematical models that describe pollutant migration through fractured porous media. A homogenisation method is used, i.e. macroscopic models are rigorously deduced from the physical description which is valid within a Representative Elementary Volume (REV). The fundamental assumption behind homogenisation is the separation of scales which is expressed by: l L / = << ε 1. In the present work, l is the characteristic size of the REV, i.e. at the fracture's scale and L is the characteristic macroscopic size. The approach introduced in (Auriault, 1991) is used. This methodology is on the basis of definition and estimation of dimensionless numbers arising from the description at the REV's scale. It is shown that the macroscopic behaviour strongly depends upon the local transport regime characterised by the Péclet number in the fractures. Four distinct macroscopic models for solute transport in fractured porous media are derived.


Background Traditionally, the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is based on clinical findings, muscle enzyme levels, electromyography and biopsy. Newer approaches include the detection of myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSA), with MSA identified in about 50% of patients. Today, several commercial platforms for MSA detection have become commercially available. In the context of the start-up of a prospective multicentre cohort, we evaluated the usefulness of a multiparameter line blot for the serological characterisation of patients with clinical suspicion of IIM. Objectives To evaluate the usefulness of a multiparameter line blot for the serological characterisation of patients with clinical suspicion of IIM. Methods A total of 225 samples (118 consecutive routine samples for which MSA were requested and 107 controls [50 systemic sclerosis (SSc), 29 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 28 rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA)]) was analysed on indirect immunofluorescence (HEp-2000, Immunoconcepts) and lineblot (MYO12 blot, D-Tek). All consecutive samples were retrospectively categorised by the treating medical specialist as definite IIM (n=16), probable IIM (n=10), immune mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) – myositis overlap not excluded (n=28), myopathic features without IIM (n=1), IIM excluded (n=44), and lost from follow-up/no data available (n=19). Data to calculate the EULAR/ACR probability score were also collected. Results MSA were detected in 12% of the 225 samples, showing no multiple reactivities. A sensitivity of 50% in the IIM patients (definite and probable n=13/26 – based on judgement of the clinician) was observed, with the highest frequencies observed for anti-HMGCR (15%, n=4), anti-Mi2 (12%, n=3) and anti-Jo1 (12%, n=3). Less frequent antibodies were anti-EJ (n=1), anti-MDA5 (n=1) and anti-NXP2 (n=1). All these patients had a MSA-compatible clinical IIM subtype. The median minimal EULAR/ACR probability score was 97% (range 6%–100%, no biopsy data entry), with the lowest score observed in the anti-EJ patient. In contrast, MSA were also observed in 8 patients with no convincing clinical diagnosis of IIM or myositis overlap syndrome (anti-TIFγ in 4 [3 SSc and 1 SLE]; anti-SRP in 1 [1 RA]; anti-SAE in 3 [1 SSc, 1 RA and 1 IIM excluded], mostly showing low antibody titres (n=6/8) and no compatible immunofluorescence pattern on HEp-2000 (n=7/8). For 2 other positive samples the results were not conclusive (anti-PL7 in patient with myopathic features and anti-SRP in an unspecified IMID patient). Conclusions The detection of MSA by lineblot will be useful for the prospective serological characterisation of patients with clinical suspicion of IIM. Nevertheless, careful interpretation in correlation with the clinical findings and other technical examinations is necessary in case of low titres and absence of a compatible immunofluorescence pattern. Disclosure of Interest None declared


The aim of this paper is to explore the differences existing in written texts between male and female authors. In particular we will investigate a number of well-known stylometric variables which have been used previously in authorship attribution with considerable success and we will try to expand their discriminatory power in author's gender classification.


The authors of this article, conducting the classes using the blended-learning method, focus their interest on the analysis of functionality of the Learning Content Management Systems software class. Architecture of open source distance learning platform Moodle was analyzed. The Author's experience with teaching students and student suggestions allow to present the influence of architectural design on functionality of the software. Facing with growing interests of usage of Moodle in the Polish universities, the authors present some advantages and disadvantages concerning the functional design and possibility of deployment in similar environments. They also suggest a few ways of improving the system architecture and give some clues that could be helpful for the deployers.


A neutron diagnostic for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments was designed and fabricated that is suitable for both the OMEGA and National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser systems. The diagnostic measures the spectrum of fusion neutrons that are generated at peak compression. The neutrons are downshifted, or lose energy, as they escape depending on the areal density (ρr) of the imploded target. A greater number of downshifted neutrons indicates a greater ρr, a measure of the success of an ICF implosion. The neutrons are detected by transferring energy to charged particles. The neutron detector uses a foil of polyethylene as a source of protons with which neutrons can exchange energy by elastic collisions. The detector also utilizes tungsten as a shield for x-ray radiation emitted from the target. The neutron detector exhibits high bandwidth and an exceptional dynamic range of 10 which is ideal for measuring neutron spectra from implosion and ignition experiments. The detector will be tested with protons from the Multi-Terawatt laser, tested with neutrons from OMEGA, and ultimately used to diagnose NIF implosion and ignition experiments.


The impact of immigration on the Australian economy is assessed using data from the Bureau of Immigration Research and a review of the published literature. Topics covered include domestic demand and supply productivity effects aggregate effects short-term stabilization distributional effects and policy implications. The authors conclude that the main long-term impact of immigration has been to contribute about 40 percent of Australias postwar population growth which in turn has affected the rate of economic growth and the size of the economy. They conclude that "the short-term economic impact of varying immigration is negligible and no significant link has been established between immigration and issues such as aggregate income inequality the effectiveness of the domestic source of skills progress in industry restructuring and environment and urban infrastructure problems." (EXCERPT)


Abstract While the structure of party competition evolves slowly, crisis-like events can induce short-term change to the political agenda. This may be facilitated by challenger parties who might benefit from increased attention to issues they own. We study the dynamic of such shifts through mainstream parties' response to the 2015 refugee crisis, which strongly affected public debate and election outcomes across Europe. Specifically, we analyse how parties changed their issue emphasis and positions regarding immigration before, during, and after the refugee crisis. Our study is based on a corpus of 120,000 press releases between 2013 and 2017 from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. We identify immigration-related press releases using a novel dictionary and estimate party positions. The resulting monthly salience and positions measures allow for studying changes in close time-intervals, providing crucial detail for disentangling the impact of the crisis itself and the contribution of right-wing parties. While we provide evidence that attention to immigration increased drastically for all parties during the crisis, radical right parties drove the attention of mainstream parties. However, the attention of mainstream parties to immigration decreased toward the end of the refugee crisis and there is limited evidence of parties accommodating the positions of the radical right.


Robert Falcon Scott's second, and fatal, expedition (1911-1912) produced very significant geological results, some by the South Pole party that included no geologists.


Animal health risk analysis is a very useful tool for decision-making. This paper explores the use of risk analysis in animal health and examines the principal constraints faced by veterinary services to effectively apply this tool. A survey was designed to obtain information on the use of risk analysis, training, risk analysis capabilities in OIE Member Countries, and risk communication. Most countries reported the use of risk analysis for animal health related decisions. However, the results of the survey show that training is still needed by the decisionmakers, field staff and personal that perform risk analyses. Respondents indicate that the OIE should play a more active role in training as well as in the dissemination of risk analysis results.


ABSTRACT In this work, a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation method that belongs to the class of dissipative particle dynamics scheme with implicit solvent was used to indicate that adsorption of nanoparticles (NPs) inside a lipid membrane tube and pressure difference across the membrane, e.g. osmotic pressure, cooperatively induce membrane tube pearling. We demonstrate that NP adsorption and aggregation initiate the shape transformation of the lipid tube, and pressure difference provides a driving force for pearling transition. Depending on the dynamic coupling of tube shape transition and NP aggregation in the interior of the tube, different shape transitions via four kinds of pearling pathways are recognised, including pearls on a string (i.e. vesicles are interconnected via either a chain or double-chain of NPs) and tube-to-vesicle transition that is dominated kinetically either by NP-membrane attraction or by pressure difference. Considering the fact that biological membranes are semipermeable and many proteins interact with the membranes, these findings not only provide a mechanism of membrane tube pearling but also demonstrate the importance of osmotic pressure and protein–membrane interaction for many cell activities related to shape transitions of biomembrane.


Development of business cooperation is one of the basic preconditions for successful transition of Croatian agriculture and for increases its competitiveness on national and international market. This research conducted in the Zagreb rural area was an attempt at answering to what is farmer's general attitude towards the business cooperation in agriculture and influence of socio-demographic and psychological characteristics at their willingness to cooperate. With regard to declaratively expressed readiness for business cooperation, the farmers were divided into four groups "very willing", "willing", "less willing" and "unwilling". Statistical significant differences have been found between these groups with regard to: past experience and currently inclusion in some form of business cooperation ; level of education and psychological characteristics: innovativeness and entrepreneurship. The research shows a group of "more experienced" and more educated farmers which shown more entrepreneurship and innovativeness which should be the basis in the process of development and more effective involvement of farmers into the business cooperation systems in agriculture.


SummaryThe ability of P. cactorum to produce oospores in various apple tree tissues inoculated with zoospores was investigated. Bud scales, petals, green leaves and pre-abscission leaves yielded ca. 105 oospores g−1 f.wt. while fruitlets picked in mid-July gave ca. 103 oospores g−1 f.wt. Because of their bulk and time of availability fallen fruitlets are probably the most important of these substrates for regeneration of P. cactorum in modern orchards, although other detached organs may be sources of inoculum in exceptional years.


SUBTITLE: HOW BIG IS THE LEASING BUSINESS? WHICH ARE THE MAIN PLAYERS AND BUSINESS SHAPERS? TONY STARFORTH AND ALAN LEE USE THEIR ANALYTICAL MODEL TO INVESTIGATE. ALL TYPES OF LEASING ARRANGEMENT ARE INCLUDED, BUT MAJOR FOCUS IS GIVEN TO THE PROVIDERS OF OPERATING LEASES.


We investigated a video book marking function, which is expected to be useful for students to efficiently review videotaped lectures. Video book marking allows students to record classroom lectures and mark the start time of specific points in the lecture video. They can later jump directly to bookmarked segments when reviewing the lecture video. It is important that keywords be useful indicators of bookmarked video segment content. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey to evaluate five keywords for bookmark labeling. We evaluated the suitability of the keywords based on subjective evaluation and system usage logs. We conclude that the five keywords examined are suitable for efficient video book marking by students during lectures.


Abstract The use of anesthetics offers numerous advantages when handling, marking, or spawning fish which are susceptible to fungus diseases and injuries. Small trout were weighed and measured easily while anesthetized. Steelhead trout, under anesthesia, were very easy to spawn artificially and the loss from eggs so obtained was less than average hatchery losses of eggs for the species. A 1 1/2 per cent aqueous solution of ether anesthetized trout effectively in 45 to 90 seconds and these fish remained relaxed when placed in fresh water for 3 to 20 minutes.


Random beamforming (RBF) exploits multiuser diversity to increase the sum-rate capacity of MIMO broadcast channels. However, in the presence of spatial correlation between the downlink channels, multiuser diversity can not be exploited and the sum-rate suffers a signal to noise (SNR) hit. In this paper, we explore precoding techniques that minimize this hit. Basically, we derive an optimum and an approximate precoding matrix that minimizes the sum-rate hit of RBF. As a by product, we introduce a technique that evaluates the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of weighted norms of Gaussian random variables.


A literature review on dengue was conducted. From a medical point of view, it is considered the most important viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes worldwide. The new clinical classifications are dengue and severe dengue. It is clinically manifested as a subclinical infection, with undifferentiated fever (the so-called dengue fever), and in a small number of individuals the dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Several factors are related to the pathogenesis of the disease: virulence and transmissibility of the virus, the host immune response with his immune status and genetic characteristics. The diagnosis is based on clinical, epidemiological and serological criteria. Treatment is supportive, with early and adequate restitution of fluids.


Historians of U.S. and Canadian business will find much that is valuable in this work. The editor, Jean Deuss, is the chief librarian of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. She has invited a wide range of special librarians from banking, finance, and government to offer descriptive accounts of their respective collections. The coverage is fairly comprehensive and includes listing of the Federal Reserve Bank libraries and their regional accents and emphases (such as the oil industry in the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and the sources in gas, petroleum, and Mexico in the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas). Essays also describe the information services of the American Bankers Association, the Wells Fargo Bank corporate archives, the research library of Standard & Poor's, the Lippincott Library of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, major Canadian banking and finance collections, and the joint library that serves the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. There are important omissions. For example, it is regrettable that the Kress Library of Harvard University chose not to submit an essay to the collection. Even so, the volume is an important beginning in the assessment of the nature and availability of sources in banking and finance. The essays that describe archives will be of most interest to historians. Throughout the work, there is an appealing candor about the state of archival collections. Of course all financial institutions have archives; they are required by law to retain many kinds of documentation. But there still is no common definition of an archive in corporate practice, because corporations have been slow in consolidating their historic identities by employing trained archivists. For fifty years, Wells Fargo had a history room "museum," but not until 1975 were the archives collected, organized, and modeled along the lines of professional archival design. Most corporate archival collections are primitive; sophistication is reserved for up-to-date data bank sources used by staff and clients. Data bases are still plagued by incompleteness as well as duplication, however. The essays give useful information on the costs of use, if any, to nonmembers and warn researchers that high demand by subscribers limits access to outsiders. There is detailed information on what technical services are available to users. References to "weeding' appear again and again because space constraints demand systematic removal of records. In some instances, permanent storage is now available on microfiche. Scattered references throughout the essays are made to key resource tools needed by historians in banking and finance, and will provide a useful review for graduate students. In addition, mention of social and economic sources in the special collections should be examined by students in the field. Banking and Finance Collections, in sum, is a useful bridge constructed by special librarians affiliated with the Special Libraries Association to enable the academic researcher in banking and finance to cross into these collections with confidence.


For the first time in their 4,500-year history, the Egyptian Pyramids have hosted an art exhibition. Forever Is Now, which ran until early November 2021 and featured an international cast of artists, one of which was Ai-Da – a British humanoid AI robot named in tribute to the genius mathematician Ada Lovelace. Ai-Da's drawing arm and her drawing AI algorithms were designed by Egyptians Salaheldin Al Abd and Ziad Abass. These algorithms allow analysis of the subject Ai-Da is looking at and use the resulting data set to create the movements required for the drawing arm. Her repertoire has extended to performance art and clay modelling. But who is the artist? Is it Ai-Da or the people who created her?


Based on the research of the application of database technology to dam safety monitoring systems, the dam safety monitoring system of Wohushan reservoir is developed. With Delphi and SQL Server 2000 as a platform, the database structure and interface are designed, and explained in detail. The application and functions of ADO and ADO NET in the system are introduced.


In this paper we provide a critical analysis of persuasive sustainability research from 2009-2011. Drawing on critical sociological theory of modernism, we argue that persuasion is based on a limited framing of sustainability, human behavior, and their interrelationship. This makes supporting sustainability easier, but leads to characteristic patterns of breakdown. We then detail problems that emerge from this narrowing of vision, such as how the framing of sustainability as the optimization of a simple metrics places technologies incorrectly as objective arbiters over complex issues of sustainability. We conclude by suggesting alternative approaches to move beyond these problems.


Objective: To discuss the reasonable options of enteral nutrition of common respiratory diseases.Methods: The current status of nutrition screening of respiratory inpatients was investigated in our hospital. The characteristics of several common enteral nutrition were analysed. Results: The utilization rate of enteral nutrition in respiratory department was low. Clinical pharmacist suggests that the different respiratory diseases should choose enteral nutrition respectively. Conclusion: Enteral nutrition support is an important part of the treatment for respiratory patients.


This study develops a two-sector quality-ladder growth model to analyze the welfare comparison between a policy regime in which R&D subsidies are differentiated across sectors and another policy regime in which R&D subsidies are uniformly implemented. The findings of this study are as follows. First, sector-specific optimal R&D subsidies are decreasing in the markup of firms and are smaller in the sector that has a larger degree of R&D duplication externality. Second, general optimal R&D subsidies are a weighted average of sector-specific optimal R&D subsidies and also depend on the market sizes of the sectors, which is in contrast to the sector-specific policy design. Finally, sector-specific optimal R&D subsidies can be more welfare-enhancing than general optimal R&D subsidies only if R&D investment is subsidized more (less) heavily in the sector that grows fast (slowly) but possesses a larger (smaller) market size. We calibrate the model to the US economy and the numerical investigation confirms our theoretical results on the welfare difference between the two regimes. JEL classification: H20; O31; O34


Objective To study total glycosides of Polygonum multiflorum on expression of NF-kB in atheromatous plaque of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Methods 24 ApoE-/-mice were randomly divided into model group, high-dose total glycosides of Polygonum multiflorum group, low-dose total glycosides of Polygonum multiflorum group and Probucol group. Artherosclerosis model mice were established by feeding of 0.15% cholesterol forage. 0.9% NaCl injection, total glycosides of Polygonum multiflorum of 150, 25 mg/(kg·d) and Probucol 0.3 mL/d were given at different groups. The expression of NF-κB in atherosclerotic plaque were analyzed after 16 weeks. Results The expression of NF-κB in atherosclerotic plaque in high-dose total glycosides of Polygonum multiflorum group, low-dose total glycosides of Polygonum multiflorum group and Probucol group were decreased comparison with that in model group (P0.05, P0.01). Conclusion The total glycosides of Polygonum multiflorum inhibit degradation of collagen fibers in atherosclerotic plaque, by suppression of expression of NF-κB, and stabilize plaque, and avoid clinical events.


This essay offers a comparative analysis of Bernard Rose's 1992 Candyman and its 2021 sequel directed by Nia DaCosta. Through an intertextual approach informed by gothic studies, narratology, and critical race theory, the essay shows how DaCosta's film establishes a transformative relationship with its predecessor. In the 2021 film, Candyman rewrites the story of the original, disrupts its stereotypical representation of Blackness, and appropriates the horror genre to give voice to the peculiar anxieties of contemporary African American life. In so doing, DaCosta's film also challenges classic gothic tropes of horrific Blackness while at the same time pushing back against dominant narratives on race to reclaim space for a discussion on racial relations in America filtered through a Black lens.


This article is devoted to one of the most important problems of the military formation in Russian Army is the use of personnel psychological testing in the recruitment of military units, also the stages of professional psychological selection of people who obligate to serve in Russian Army. The article describes the reasons, which explain the necessity and purposes of professional psychological selection. The types of tests what reveal professional aptitudes, personal qualities and the intellectual level are considered in details. The results of testing allow you to distribute effectively them into military units, based on their aptitudes and abilities. Nowadays the problem is insufficient using of test results getting during the tasting. Consequently, the longitudinal research of the connection between the testing results and features of military service and possible future military career in Russian Federation armed forces are perspective. The other problem is in realizing testing data, there are many of recruits who wants to avoid military duties. They often hope they will be able to avoid it reducing their testing results. In perspective, it is needed to find ways to solve this problem, through the study of this group of recruits, the development of a special algorithm for guidance them, as well as a clear explanation that low test results can negatively affect not only further military service, but also civil career in the future. Based on the analysis of documents and literary sources, the article reveals the concept of professional psychological selection, the stages of psychological testing and recruitment of personnel of military units.


The differential elastic scattering cross section for para‐H2+para‐H2 has been measured at a collision energy of 2.71×10−14 erg. Oscillations due to nuclear symmetry were observed in the angular distribution. The data were fit to a spherically symmetric multiparameter potential form giving a well depth e /k= 34.8°K, rm= 3.49 A. This potential is closer to those obtained from the total elastic scattering cross section by Gengenbach and Toennies and from differential cross sections by Dondi, Valbusa, and Scoles than to those derived from bulk properties and early valence bond calculations. The position of the bound vibrational level has been computed and is found 2.0 cm−1 below the continuum.


To provide a sampling system for a ballast water for a ship, which does not require the provision of a large storage tank, can collect a ballast water in an easy and continuous manner, and can sample aquatic organisms contained in the ballast water alive, and a method for sampling a ballast water. A sampling system for a ballast water for a ship, comprising a sampling nozzle for continuously collecting a part of a ballast water and a sampling device (143) for concentrating aquatic organisms contained in the collected ballast water. The sampling device (143) comprises a water storage vessel (300), a filter cloth (303) for dividing the interior of the water storage vessel (300) into two spaces, a supply port (308b) for supplying the ballast water collected through the sampling nozzle into the inner side of the filter cloth (303), a water discharge port (313) for discharging water stored in the water storage vessel (300) from the outer side of the filter cloth (303), a reservoiring part (304) for reservoiring the auatic organism-containing water, which stays on the inner side of the filter cloth (303) upon the discharge of the stored water, and a receiving vessel (307) for receiving water reservoired in the reservoiring part (304).


Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the construction and appbcation of public service network of science and technology in China,reviewing the experiences in the joint construction and appbcation of large-scale scientific instruments and equipments in Yunnan,this article makes analyses on the operation mechanism and management styles for the public service network of science and technology which is built under the principle of " innovation-driven",puts forward the management mode and innovative concept featuring " optimizing administration system for the pubbc service network of science and technology,emphasizing the network construction and its function in demonstration and extension through the innovation of service management and service mode,and with the fundamental support from the improvement of scientific and technological service capabihties",so as to effectively elevate the public service level of scientific and technology.


Digital active noise control (ANC) for headphones usually has to predict the noise because of the latency of common audio converters. In adaptive feedback ANC, the prediction is based on the noise that entered the headphone. This noise is low-pass filtered because of the physical barrier of the ear cups. In this study, this low-pass characteristic is exploited to define a prediction filter which does not require real-time updates. For broadband noises, the prediction filter performs better than adaptive prediction methods like the least mean squares algorithm or iterated one-step predictions in the relevant frequency band. This is shown in simulations as well as in measurements. In addition, the authors show that their prediction filter is more robust against changes in the acoustics of the headphone.


Line joint temperature monitoring is used in high-voltage transmission lines to improve the reliability and safety of power lines. However, traditional monitoring methods (e.g., manual inspection, UAV inspection, short-range wireless technology, etc.) cannot realize real-time monitoring of line joint temperature in remote areas. In this paper, we proposed a novel real-time monitoring system, which adopted a communication method combining ZigBee and LPWAN technology (LoRa and NB-IoT) for long-distance transmission. In this system, each power tower was regarded as a communication node that contained a main node and multiple subnodes. First, each node collected temperature data of the transmission line junctions by ZigBee and microprocessor processed and analyzed the data. Second, the LoRa multihop communication technology was used for transmission of the data between adjacent nodes to achieve wider coverage and a longer transmission distance. Finally, the end of the network was a main node, i.e., an LoRa-NB-IoT gateway. The temperature data of all nodes were transmitted to the "USR Cloud" by the NB-IoT technology. By conducting a system test, the system can meet the requirements of long-distance communication outside and reduce power consumption. After calculation, the system communication packet loss rate is approximately 3.3%, and the average power consumption of the system is about 21.19 mA. The PC can monitor the transmission line junction temperature in real time, transmission is stable, and the alarm function can be also realized. Therefore, the system is more suitable for temperature monitoring of line junctions in remote areas, achieving long-distance data acquisition and transmission through low power consumption and high transmission rate.


Sima was admitted to the Internal Medicine Department for fever and abdominal bowel obstruction for the third time in 1 month. She was diagnosed with breast cancer, which had metastasized to the liver and bone. She was treated with a combination of capecitabine and trastuzumab, without response. Sima was a 69-year-old religious Jewish female, who was born in a small town in Morocco and arrived in Israel at the age of 18, already married with two children. Her husband, 75 years old, worked as a handyman until retiring, whereas Sima fulfilled the role of a housewife. Her family consisted of five children, four of whom were married with children and grandchildren. One of the patient's daughters, a 37-year-old single woman, had been diagnosed with stage II breast cancer 6 months before her mother's diagnosis. After a lumpectomy, she refused chemotherapy because of her desire to have a child. She only told her oldest brother about her illness; it was their secret. Sima had a close extended family of six sisters and three brothers. Her mother and two of her sisters had died of cancer. As her severe abdominal pain increased, Sima was given low doses of morphine. Transfer to the oncology department was strongly recommended by the treating physicians. After several attempts at having an open discussion with the patient about her medical condition were prevented by the family, the physicians tried to explain in simple terms to family members why Sima should be treated by cancer experts and why it was important for her and for the family to tell the truth about her rapid physical deterioration. Given their history as a high-risk family, the physicians discussed with them the possibility of being carriers of a genetic mutation. During a family discussion with the senior oncology consultant, Sima's two oldest sons verbalized to the medical team that it was their family and their responsibility alone to care for each family member and to answer only to God. Accordingly, they decided not to talk to their mother or to the other relatives about her condition and prognosis and, consequently, not to transfer her to the oncology department. Following is the transcript of the physician's (P) and family's (F) statements. F: "Sorry Doctor, but you do not understand. The entire family—those here and at home—made the decision together not to tell mother the truth about her medical condition. This is the 'family truth.' Our decision is not just for Sima. It is for our family, our children, our grandchildren, our sisters' and brothers' children...." P: "We want to help your wife and your mother. She needs to understand the importance of her illness and the consequence of it. I can explain to her that it is not her fault or any of the family members' fault to have cancer. We can help her and also prevent other members from becoming sick." F: "What do you think the 'truth' will do to her children and grandchildren's future, when they want to start their own families? It will only bring them shame, isolation and stigma. Our family was already cursed by 'it' in the past—by the name of your 'medical truth.' But just a small part of the family knows. It is a 'secret.' And we live with this secret, and now we will also live with Sima's secret. It is a contagious illness—a curse—and one that can devour the family's soul. It is an illness of shame and guilt." F: "There are many things doctors cannot prevent; and, therefore, they should not interfere. They are exclusively in God's purview." After several weeks of repeated requests by the family, Sima was discharged. During a final meeting with her physician, the family decided to take her home. The physician was confronted by the strong religious traditions that had shaped the family's ability to adjust, cope, and function within a strong system of internal support and coherence. According to Sima's father, brothers, and sisters, knowledge did not always help or provide answers for physical illnesses. In the absence of a cure, silence could protect from pain and shame. Sima was cared for at home by a private nurse who administered morphine. Her husband was constantly at her bedside with his prayer books, sustaining himself with only bread and water. During several of my (L.B.) home visits, he would sing songs of their youth to her, songs of love, as he had done in Morocco. Sima died surrounded by all of her family. Her death was announced with the words, "and God JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY T H E A R T O F O N C O L O G Y VOLUME 28 NUMBER 7 MARCH 1 2010


The text of Acts 16.12 in the UBS4/NA27 designates Philippi as πρώτηςμερίδος τῆς Μαĸεδονίας πόλις, despite almost negligible manuscript evidence. The most widely attested reading of πρώτη τῆς μερίδος Μαĸεδονίας πόλις, is rejected by most scholars because it is not factually correct. However, an understanding of civic pride in Greco-Roman antiquity provides a context in which to better understand this latter reading, suggesting that it should be retained in the text of Acts 16.12.


The purpose of the article is to identify the scientific contribution of the department's employees to the formation of a scientific school, the founder of which was E. A. Oleynikov. The formation of a scientific school, its main directions and their development prospects were analyzed. The conclusion is drawn that the capital of knowledge relating to spheres of investment innovative development and also to economic security of this development is organically combined with school of sciences of management, management that allows to form also comprehensive programs of training of specialists on management of optimization and changes of social and economic systems of innovative type in dynamically changing conditions modelled as VUCA- and BANI-world.


Masking the miRNA binding site: Crosslink-forming oligonucleotide (CFO) was used for target gene-specific inhibition of microRNA (miRNA) functions. This method can interfere with specific miRNA-mRNA interactions by recognizing sequences unique to the 3'-UTR that are inherent in each mRNA.


The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the key issues surrounding the use of self-employment interventions as labour market attachment mechanisms for young people.


In reservoir modeling, making the steady-state policy of the flood control is a challenging task. In this paper, the normal operating heights of a reservoir network is discussed. Initially, the coupled tank system is employed to model the reservoir network. At the equilibrium state, the normal operating heights are then derived analytically. As the linearization is taken, the associated Jacobian matrix, which is a diagonally dominant tridiagonal matrix with negative diagonal entries, is obtained. Because of the negative eigenvalues of this matrix, the stability condition of the reservoir network can be made. For illustration, the different rain rates are used to calculate the surface area of the reservoir and the corresponding normal operating heights of the reservoir are then determined. The result obtained shows the stability of the reservoir. In conclusion, the approach discussed is efficient to the decision making on the stability of a reservoir network.


It was bound to happen eventually. Since the 1960s, social history-including the study of race, class, gender, and ethnicity-has attained prominence as a vibrant field in the American historical profession. As all students of history already know, the widespread influence of social history can be seen at conferences, in the classroom, and in print. The methods and interpretations of social historians often creep into even traditional narratives. Average people and their everyday lives have become an essential part of the story of the past. What is less widely known throughout the profession is that a parallel transition has occurred within the field of military history. The late 1960s also introduced what would come to be known as the new military history-an attempt to go beyond traditional operational accounts of battles. Sometimes eschewing combat entirely, new military historians embraced a variety of methods to focus on military institutions, military thought, and civil-military relations. At the same time, others turned their attention to the men and women in uniform, and the results have been striking. Over the past thirty years, practitioners of military social history have explored the lives of everyday people in the military, in times of peace and war. This bottom-up approach has added depth to our understanding of the motivations, course, and effects of military service. More importantly, military social history has helped put a human face on war. What it has not done is make a real and lasting connection to the changes in the larger profession. For all their similarities-and with only a few exceptions, for example, Michael Sherry, In the Shadow of War (1995)-social history and military social history have grown up quite independent of one another. The result of this mutual ignorance is that military and social history often seem to be in opposition-two fields with nothing in common and little to learn from the other. All too often, sometimes even within departments, this opposition manifests itself in hostility or disdain.


In this paper, the contribution of different sources of variability to irrigation water depth variability was quantified using a combination of variance techniques. This method was applied using field measurements from irrigation events performed on a loamy soil with a low-infiltration rate. Infiltration variability was estimated with blocked furrow infiltrometers. The assumptions made for the application of the combination of variance techniques proved to be valid. The major variability source turned out to be the soil intake characteristics, whose variance accounted for 45-71% of the variance in infiltrated depth under first irrigation conditions. Opportunity time and wetted perimeter were less variable in subsequent irrigations and the soil intake characteristics variability accounted for a percentage of total variance beyond 76%, being at times beyond 95%. The combination of variance techniques can be used to complement standard evaluation methods in order to take into account the influence of different variability sources.