This paper demonstrates the provable superiority of multi-path routing protocols over other conventional protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) against blocking, node- isolation and network-partitioning type-attacks. Though the underlying network model is of a WMN with mobile nodes, the results in this paper are equally applicable to other types of wireless data networks. The adversarial objective is to isolate a subset of network nodes through minimal cost optimal blocking of certain number of paths in the network (or partitioning the network). If less than a certain threshold of traffic from such node(s) reaches the routers, the adversary is successful. Two scenarios viz. (a) low mobility for network nodes, and (b) high degree of node mobility, are evaluated. Scenario (a) is proven to be NP-hard and scenario (b) is proven to be #P-hard for the adversary to achieve the goal. Further, several approximation algorithms are presented which show that even in the best case scenario it is at least exponentially hard for the adversary to optimally succeed in such blocking-type attacks. Simulations verify the results and demonstrate the robustness of multi-path protocols against such attacks. The objective of this paper is to study the performance and feasibility of multi-path wireless protocols over conventional single-path protocols from a security angle. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to theoretically evaluate the attack-resiliency and performance of multi-path protocols with network node mobility.


Abstract This study presents the spreading of a single filament of a yield stress (viscoplastic) fluid extruded onto a pre-wetted solid surface. The filaments spread laterally under surface tension forces until they reach a final equilibrium shape when the yield stress dominates. We use a simple experimental set-up to print the filaments on a moving surface and measure their final width using optical coherence tomography. Additionally, we present a scaling law for the final width and determine the corresponding prefactor using asymptotic analysis. We then analyse the level of agreement between the theory and experiments, and discuss the possible origins of discrepancies. The process studied here has applications in extrusion-based thermoplastic and bio-three-dimensional printing.


Database system are currently used by thousands of web applications. Some of these applications serve critical services and have very high demands for high availability and fast real-time responses. Open source database management systems, in the last years, have had some new features in terms of high availability and in terms of performance: although these are concepts largely covered by commercial database are new on the database open source such as PostgreSQL and MariaDB. In the past a cluster active-passive solution was the only way to have an high-availability architecture but with the new features other types of architectures are possible to obtain an high availability solutions. The purpose of this thesis is to describe and compare the methods implemented on the main open-source database management systems to achieve high-availability. I'll show the difference between the typologies of cluster and the downside of every solutions: since usually this type of technology are used from middle-size to large environment, i will demonstrate that with some disk-memory tuning on Linux based operating systems the performances can be significantly improved. The acid test consists in a solution with two nodes and examines the throughput and the response time of a website (i.e. e-commerce or newspapers) and the heavy-write load in a TPC-C.


This paper contributes to extend the trapezoidal fuzzy ordered weighted averaging operator(TFOWA) to induced trapezoidal fuzzy ordered weighted averaging operator(ITFOWA).An adjacent degree between two trapezoidal fuzzy numbers is introduced on the basis of properties of attribute value,through which we get the induced value of each attribute and then aggregate information.A new multi-attribute decision making model is proposed based on this extended ITFOWA operator.


Using a recirculating loop, we measured nonlinearly induced timing jitter in a terrestrial wavelength-division-multiplexed system at different transmission distances with different amounts of precompensation. Within each 600-GHz subband, we achieved error-free transmission using the same amount of precompensation for all channels at all distances up to 5000 km.


This study examined the parents' perception to the establishment of educare center in local area. The subject were 1,313 mothers with zero to five-year-old children. The major findings were as follows : First, most mothers preferred chid care support center(40%), child care center for infant(38%), especially dual-career wives preferred child care center for infant, but house wives preferred chid care support center. Second, in the opinion of program center operated by part-time, the preferrance to the program operated by once a week or anytime tended to be high, and also dual-career wives preferred weekend program. Third, in the services of chid care support center, most mothers preferred the providence of free-playroom for kid, parent-child playroom. And child care/education information and chid care counseling were preferred by mothers. Finally, we proposed the new model of public educare center in local area in the basis of results.


A Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessel(FPSO) is a type of floating tank system used by the offshore oil and gas industry and designed to take all of the oil or gas produced from a nearby platform or templates, process it, and store it until the oil or gas can be offloaded onto waiting tankers, or sent through a pipeline. A Single point mooring system York Mooring System (SPM), which shall survive for the storm condition in return period of 100-Years Storm, is anchored offshore and serve as a mooring point (20 Years) for FPSO to load gas or fluid products. They are the link between the geostatic subsea manifold connections and the shuttle tanker. This document is to evaluate the lifting procedure for BOHAI Phase II PL19-3 30,0000t FPSO via the finite element analysis, and carry out the analysis of reliability of the lifting practice with the integrating process.


This master's dissertation aims to investigate testing of anchors in general, and anchors installed in limestone in particular. A detailed study of the various types of anchors has been completed, as a study of the European standard – EN 1537 – of anchors and the testing of such constructions. A case study has been conducted where three anchors were installed in the limestone in Malmo, and then tested – according to the European standard – until failure, with the ambition to improve and adapt the standards better for Swedish ground conditions. The report begins with a general theory part, which describes the background of different anchors installed in sheet piles. It also shows the structure of an anchor with figures, and how to dimension such works. The theory part continues with a presentation of the European standard, and different types of anchor testing. The three main classes of testing – Investigation test, Suitability test and Acceptance test – are explained. The next part of the report presents the completed case study with chosen materials, dimensioning, installation and testing. Figures and calculations help explaining the procedure before the results are presented with reasoning on which types of failure that may have occurred. The report ends with conclusions about the case study. Sources of error and things that could have been executed differently to achieve an even better and more reliable result, is discussed. Finally, a few suggestions on further work about testing of anchors are presented. (Less)


For some uses allowed by right within a zoning district, the Zoning Regulations require issuance of an administrative permit prior to development or operation of the use. The purpose of an administrative permit is to ensure that all standards and requirements for the use, as described in the Zoning Ordinance or elsewhere in the County Code, are met prior to commencement of the use and will continue to be met during operation of the use. The Director of Resource Management shall administratively approve an application for an administrative permit if all standards and requirements specified within the Zoning Regulations and elsewhere in the County Code are satisfied. Action on an administrative permit is ministerial and shall be taken without notice or public hearing.


Four of the thirteen volumes of a poetry chronicle containing some of the best Australian poets are reviewed and analysed. The works of Les A. Murray, Geoff Page, Vincent Buckley and Chris Wallace-Crabbe are highlighted. Review(s) of: The Boys who Stole the Funeral, Les A. Murray, (A and R. 1980), pp. 71, $9.95. Review(s) of: The Pattern and Late Winter Child, by Vincent Buckley, (both O.U.P., 1979) pp. 63 and 38 respectively, $8.95 and $7.95. Review(s) of: The Emotions Are Not Skilled Workers, by Chris Wallace-Crabbe, (A amd R. 1980) pp .77. $5.95. Review(s) of: The Forbidden City, by R.A. Simpson (Edwards and Shaw. 1979) pp.64. $3 .95. Review(s) of: Cassandra Paddocks, by Geoff Page (A and R. 1980) pp .67, 595. Review(s) of: Poems 1972-79, by J J Bray, (A.N.U. Press. 1979) pp.47 . $9 .95. Review(s) of: The Whale in Darkness, by R.F. Brissenden, (A.N .U. Press. 1980) pp .71. $9 .95. Review(s) of: The Eating Tree, by Mark O'Connor, (A and R. 1980) pp.65, $5 .95. Review(s) of: Dazed in the Ladies Lounge, John Tranter, (Island Press. 1979) pp .61. $3.95. Review(s) of: Swarm, by Philip Hammial (Island Press. 1979) pp . 69. $3 .95. Review(s) of: A Mile from Poetry, by Kris Hemensley, (Island Pres. 1979) unpaginated, $3.50. Review(s) of: Poems, by Ian Templeman, (Freshwater Bay Pres. 1979) pp .61. $9.00.


In the paper, the process of identification of crack parameters occurring in the cantilever beam with the variable cross-sectional area has been presented. For identification, the non-destructive vibration method has been applied. The analytical solution of the free vibration problem of the beam described according to the Bernoulli-Euler theory has been obtained with the help of Green's functions.


In this paper, a new approach to the continuous-time perfect control algorithm is given. Focusing on the output derivative, it is shown that the discussed control law can effectively be implemented in terms of state-feedback scenarios. Moreover, the application of nonunique matrix inverses is also taken into consideration during the perfect control design process. Simulation examples given within this work allow us to showcase the main properties obtained for continuous-time perfect control closed-loop plants.


Purpose of reviewThe morbidity and mortality of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in women with an underlying bleeding disorder requires vigilance by the hematologist. Recent findingsRecent studies suggest that women with underlying bleeding disorders may be 'undertreated' at the time of delivery in aiming for too low a target elevation that historically per numerous society guidelines has aimed for VWF/FVIII:C levels to be 'only' greater than 50% when in actuality the levels should be akin to what is achieved in a normal pregnancy. The result appears to be an increase in the rate and degree of PPH. In this context, although recent studies imply DDAVP is well tolerated, DDAVP may not be appropriate because it may not raise the levels into the normal supraphysiological range nor maintain it for several days. Particularly in women with rare bleeding disorders, i.e., non-FVIII:C or VWF deficient, adjunctive antifibrinolytic therapy, e.g., tranexamic acid, appears to be in order as a prophylactic measure. SummaryWomen with an underlying bleeding disorder appear to be at a heightened risk for PPH if the respective coagulation factor level is not appropriately replaced to the level that is physiologically achieved in a normal pregnancy. Furthermore, there appears to be underuse of tranexamic acid for prophylaxis of PPH in this population.


Abstract Importance: There is a dearth of empirical research addressing the healthcare component in the academic performance of college students. It is unknown how discrepancies in college student healthcare access manifest in college students. Objective: To improve awareness of current healthcare issues facing college students and find ways to minimize the healthcare gap. Design, Setting, and Participants: College student respondents were assessed for health status, usage of the health system, as well as potential factors that that discouraged use of health benefits and the educational outcomes of the students. Main Outcomes and Measures: Educational outcomes associated with differing levels of healthcare access, averages, Pearsons r, odds ratios and 95% CIs. Results: Nearly 1 in 4 students (26.1% [SE, 3.7%]) reported having inadequate healthcare access. Healthcare accessibility shows a strong correlation (r = .267 [95% CI, .104-.416]; P=.002) to self-health ratings. Student self-health assessments showed a significant negative correlation (r = -.502 [95% CI, -.619--.363]; P<.001) with the number of missed classes over the last 12 months. Telemedical use amongst students corresponded with reduced absences (M = .90 [95% CI, .27-1.53]; P=.011) and higher ratings on self-health assessments (OR = 1.74 [95% CI, .809-3.75]; P=.001), though the adoption of telemedical visits among college students is staggeringly low with only 7.9% (SE 2.4%) reporting at least some telemedical usage. Conclusions and Relevance: Over a quarter of college students report inadequate healthcare access despite fewer than 1 in 12 students utilizing telemedicine. Further research is needed to determine the extent to how much the current healthcare norms affect college students, but fostering a pedagogical approach to telemedicine may serve to bridge the healthcare gap.


Abstract The equations of transfer of the Boltzmann equation for Maxwellian molecules can be solved recursively. For homogeneous one-dimensional systems these equations form a system o f ordinary nonlinear differential equations. For this system the recursion is carried out explicitely using a graphtheoretical method.


: This research is framed within the context of sociocultural the-ories of learning, where understanding is a relationship between people and their environment. The paper examines how the researcher generated conditions which created connections between a school and its local community in rural Thailand. The research experiments with the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari and an encounter with contemporary art to problematise existing thought and build connections and new relationships with place. The research takes a qualitative approach and the report, written in a narrative format, anal-yses and discusses the impact and value of critical events. Observation, and sensory and emotional data inform the narrative. The research demonstrates the deterritorialising power of an art encounter, which slowed down perception and created the need to invent new concepts. An assemblage of connections emerged resulting in a rhizocurriculum that moved beyond the walls of the classroom to create new dialogues between school and community. The research shows how the world of possibilities that emerges from art encounters are not easily manifested in practice and recommends continued experimentation with bodies that have the power to affect and be affected.


Individual performance review (IPR) and performance related pay (PRP) were formally introduced into the British National Health Service (NHS) by circulars PM(86)10 and PM(86)11 in September 1986.


Issues related to individual performance, well-being, and competencies (COM) are never-ending. Researchers are still examine and observe the dimension and motivation factors that influence employees' performance. By looking for a new research setting, work performance (WP) and work design (WD) among academic librarian in Malaysia is the central theme for this study. The discussions related to the theme have been well documented to understand the subject matter. The researcher has also unveiled the connotation of COM into the proposed relationship. The study has identified several research gaps which lead to this study. In the current practice, WP of the academic librarian was measured based on the task fulfillment per se. WD has been completely ignored during the design of the job scope of the academic librarian. The previous study on WP and COM among librarian botched to provide an empirical study on WD. Hence, there is lack of established theories, model and framework can be referred. As the results, academic librarians experience overload role and tend to burnout because of the transformation of the job scope. Besides that, the futility of previous studies in providing the evidence of the relationship between WD and librarian core COM. Moreover, there is no framework consisting of the WD, COM, and WP ever exist in library research. With that, three main objectives derived, namely, to examine the level of WD and WP of Malaysian academic librarians, to examine the effect of librarians' WD and COM on WP and to examine whether librarians' COM mediate the relationship between WD and WP. In the context of this study, the proposed dimension to study WP and WD are focusing on task-oriented fulfillment. There are two WP dimensions proposed which are task performance and contextual performance. Similarly, two dimensions of WD have been adopted, namely, task characteristic and knowledge characteristic. To mediate the relationship, seven cores of COM were adapted based on the previous studies. A set of questionnaire was distributed right after the pre-testing and pilot testing of the instrument. The questionnaire was distributed to the entire academic librarians in public universities in Malaysia. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the first objective. In addition, the researcher used the SmartPLS version three to fulfill the second and third objectives. The initial measurement analysis was conducted to identify the problematic items in the proposed framework. The structural model analysis indicates that the proposed relationship between the dimensions is significantly prediction to WP. With that, this study has offered three contributions in the category of empirical contribution, theoretical contribution and practical contribution. The study provides tested empirical evidence of the relationship towards the academic librarian. The proposed framework may serve as the guidance for future researchers to conduct a further study on WD, COM and WP. Moreover, the instrument developed and the analysis for this study can be reused to measure the level of WP and WD among another category of the librarian.


'Trend' is defined as the general course or prevailing tendency, and is the tipping effect obtainable in time series observation. It is possible to foresee future scenarios with the knowledge of past and present information. In order to create the necessary space, one must understand future trends. 7 themes have been selected, from megatrend to young trend, on the basis of business experience, various research and professional counsel. First, the escalation of BBEB generation phenomenon, an effect between Baby-boomers and their children, Echo-boomers, causes 'BBs and EBs to join, divide, and exchange to live'. Second, adjustment from charter, a unique lease method of Korea, to monthly rent in the housing market has 'housing appearing as the leading role in the commercial market'. Third, downsizing is becoming the main issue, but instead of unlimited downsizing, 'fit sizing' that is suited to whatever family size, standardizes 33m2 (10-pyong)per person. Fourth, the 'fashion of Staycation(stay+vacation)' in which retired people with increased free time and tired modern workers spend their leisure time inexpensively at home or close to home. Fifth, the presence of over 2 million foreign residents, who require residential space that is considerate of those who are now part of our everyday life, in this 'from neighbor to family' era. Sixth, although apartments are still preferable, niche commodities are becoming more popular in a 'non-apartment advance'. Last, contrary to existing, hand-operated home automation system, the emergence of 'IoT(Internet Of Things) housing' that befits the generation of artificial intelligence and big data, has surrounding objects adjusting things automatically. These trends will interact and lead the change of multi-family residential.


The importance of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), its prodromal form, for patient care, has made it a new study focus because of AD's high prevalence and huge social impact on health. Existing research have used machine learning approaches to diagnose AD early by looking at numerous biomarkers. However, in the bulk of current research, the diagnosis performance is hampered by the inability to efficiently extract high-level brain features that indicate the primary abnormalities of anatomical brain regions connected to AD. In order to diagnose AD brain pictures, the suggested model combines a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN).The dataset is preprocessed to create a clear representation of the brain's grey matter, and the cGAN is utilised to create more training instances for the model to improve accuracy. According to the limitations of the discriminator, the generator in cGAN-ADD learns to include the illness category feedback from the classifier into the 2D-brain slice image reconstruction process for image improvement in the training phase. In the prediction phase, the stacked CNN layers extract high-level brain properties from category-enhanced 2D-brain slice pictures. The classifier gets the collected brain features in order to output the posterior probability of disease conditions (Normal, AD, Mild and Very Mild). Tensorflow is used to train the model, and Keras is used to evaluate classification accuracy. The model is trained and tested on ADNI dataset.


The phenomenon of basic level concepts in cognition and categorization, so crucial in the cognitive account of natural language is typically accessed via what is perceptually the most outstanding phenomena represented in many languages, at least those rooted in Proto-IndoEuropean (specifically English and Polish) by nouns fulfilling the criteria of basic terms, originally established for classifying color vocabulary. These are prototypical examples in the category of nouns – relating to countable, material objects. Nominal representation, according to Langacker (1987) is indicative of a given stimulus being perceived and conceptualized as a thing, i.e., a region in one or more cognitive domains (conceptions) established in the speakers' minds. This is a rather self-imposing construal of physical, countable stimuli, which meet the good gestalt criteria, such as animals, plants, and man-made objects of everyday use. The semantic scopes of nouns representing such phenomena seem to overlap to a relatively high degree across languages, especially related ones, such as English and Polish, and finding the precise equivalents within them does not pose particular problems. This is hardly the case when it comes to phenomena represented by verbs and classifiable as processes in Langacker's cog52 Beyond Philology 17/2 nitive, semantic account of the division of words into parts of speech. A comparison of the meaning of selected basic English verbs and their closest Polish counterparts reveals serious discrepancies in a number of cases. Thus, certain basic English verbs representing common, everyday physical activities prove to differ considerably from their Polish counterparts with regard to their respective levels of schematicity/ specificity of meaning, and, in consequence, the range of cognitive domains involved in their semantic scopes. This is the case of such equivalent lexemes as płynąć/pływać – swim; sail; flow; float or break – łamać; tłuc; rwać; drzeć. In both cases, one language is quite specific while the other is much more schematic as regards the actual cognitive domains activated by corresponding words and the degree to which that activation in the stimulated conceptual blends depends on the lexical context in which the respective words are used. This indicates that even related languages spoken by communities from similar cultural circles may codify considerably different construals of the same nonmaterial phenomena, specifically processes.


With the concept of mutual information about a coherent signal in additive noise, where signal and noise are assumed jointly Gaussian, it is shown that information is preserved, in a trivial way, by block diagonal matrix filters of full rank and by weighting and summing matrix filters of rank 1 which are identical, within a multiplicative scalar, with the following matrix estimator filters: (1) maximum signal−to−noise ratio estimator, (2) best linear unbiased estimator, (3) minimum mean−square error estimator, (4) maximum liklihood estimator, and (5) maximum a posteriori estimator.Subject Classification: 60.XX.


This paper analyzes the reasons and the possible effects of the marketing of sci-tech novelty retrieval, and puts forward the opinion of introducing the novelty retrieval institution into the market competition as the novelty retrieval office.


In the past, physicians usually advised patients with chronic diseases to rest and avoid physical eVort. These recommendations were empirical: as most chronic diseases are associated with functional changes resulting in an impairment of physical performance, exercise in this group of patients may generate fatigue, breathlessness, and tachycardia. Therefore, avoiding physical activity results in less discomfort. However, in the last few years, scientific evidence has dramatically changed our ideas about exercise for patients with chronic diseases. In the late 1960s, the inclusion of physical activity in rehabilitation programmes for patients who had had myocardial infarction set a milestone and opened up new perspectives for the use of exercise in treatment for chronic diseases. Now, it is a well established fact that excessive rest and lack of physical activity may result in severe deconditioning and thus reduce the functional status and quality of life of the chronically ill.Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that exercise is an eVective means for counteracting several of the negative eVects that chronic diseases have on physical performance. As a result of this evidence, exercise is actually considered an essential component in the treatment of several illnesses including peripheral vascular disorders, chronic obstructive lung disease, ischaemic myocardial disease, and heart failure. Moreover, the value of exercise for rehabilitation has been widely recognised; indeed, many institutions oVer exercise programmes for transplantation recipients and for patients after myocardial infarction or with chronic renal failure. However, until recently, less was known about the feasibility and eVects of exercise programmes for cancer patients during and after treatment. The role of exercise in oncological rehabilitation programmes has thus far been mostly limited to physical treatment addressing specific impairments caused—for example, by amputation or surgery. However, the medical attitude regarding exercise for cancer patients is changing fast. The recent world class performances of athletes who have been treated for cancer have focussed attention on the eVects of training on the physical performance of cancer patients.Moreover,recent studies have shown that physical activity may improve both the quality of life and mood and the physical performance of cancer patients during and after treatment. Regular physical activity has been shown to increase the performance status in breast cancer patients treated with conventional chemotherapy


We live in the era of big data. Big data generates immense economic and social value. Advances in data collection and the massive increase in cloud computing power are making technologies to effectively analyze large sets of heterogeneous data ubiquitous. Despite all the benefits of big data, the rise of "Big Data Analytics" in the private sector poses new challenges for privacy advocates. This paper discusses essential technologies and challenges related to big data analytics, namely (i) definition of big data analytics, (ii) essential technologies related to the big data analytics, with particular reference to the cloud computing, and hydoop etc., (iii) risks arising from big data analytics, especially privacy harm.


After using a computer-scheduled unit-train operation for movement of coal between 32 collieries and 3 power stations, British Railways is ready to expand the system through its TOPS installation to handle two-thirds of its unit coal trains moving between 93 collieries and 10 power stations as well as to some steel plants. The programming, called Carousel, will involve line capacities, interference with other movements, equipment and crew assignments, and capabilities of mines and power plants to handle trains at specific times. Scheduling, normally done in weekly segments, can be varied for special situations. Some unit-train services are characterized by hauls as short as 15 miles.


Abstract : This study investigated the effects of appraisal task salience and retention interval upon the accuracy of performance ratings. Subjects viewed videotaped samples of employee performance and provided performance ratings of the behavior of the target individual depicted in the videotapes. Analyses of variance an followup t-tests indicated no main effects for appraisal salience or retention interval on overall accuracy of rating or elevation scores. A significant two-way interaction between appraisal salience or retention interval was observed for overall accuracy and elevation. Further investigation showed that subjects primed for the appraisal task were more accurate then subjects in the low appraisal salience condition, when ratings were made a week after observation of performance. The implications of the findings for performance appraisal and for the design of appraisal research are discussed.


Rapid carbonation test of recycled concrete specimens with graphene oxide (GO) contents of 0, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09% are carried out. The hydration products, micropore distribution, and micromorphology of recycled concrete specimens are characterized by performing thermogravimetric analysis,
 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), a mercury intrusion test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the carbonization resistance of recycled concrete specimens mixed with GO has been improved to varying degrees compared with that of ordinary recycled concrete specimens. When the
 GO content was 0.06%, the improvement effect was the best. This improvement is attributed to the improvement of the microstructure and pore characteristics of recycled concrete owing to the presence of GO. In the microstructure of recycled concrete specimens with GO, the shape of hydrated
 crystals is more regular and the section is more compact. In microscopic pores, the ratio of harmful pores and multiple harmful pores is effectively controlled. In this work, the multiscale characterization of the test specimens from the micro to mesolevel is realized by combining various
 technical approaches. The influences of different GO contents on the carbonization resistance of recycled concrete are proven, and the mechanism responsible for improving the carbonization resistance of recycled concrete is explored.


: Climate change, arguably one of the greatest environmental challenges facing humankind in the 21th century, has aroused growing interest in the public and education throughout the world. At present, there is a need to assess Turkish high school students' knowledge about climate change. The aim of this study was the exploration of Turkish secondary school students' knowledge about climate change. For this purpose, the study took place in Istanbul with the participation of 300 students receiving high school education. 14-item questionnaires were prepared and the relationship between demographic characteristics and students' level of knowledge and awareness about climate change were investigated in the study. Then, some statistical analysis were performed based on gender and study areas of the students by using SPSS software. The results ® revealed that the majority of students had sufficient general information about the causes and effects of climate change but their awareness level about important issues of climate change was at the poor level. Moreover, they did not have enough practice to use their knowledge. More specifically, gender and study areas differed in some questions of the survey. The results of this study have provided enough information about the lacks of high school education about climate change.


Combined with engineering example the type of gravel compaction pile, its application scope and its reinforcement mechanics for soft soil foundation are introduced. The calculation of bearing capacity is elaborated for composite foundation with gravel compaction pile. At last the economic and social benefits and wide application of vibro replacement stone column are pointed out.


Professional and Teaching Experience • August 2014 – present: associate professor of Mathematics, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee • August 2009 – May 2014: assistant professor of Mathematics, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee • September 2007 – August 2009: postdoctoral associate at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications, University of Minnesota • January 2002 – April 2007: graduate teaching assistant at University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee and Vanderbilt University • February 2001 – December 2001: Assistant research and development with Deutsche Telekom AG, Darmstadt, Germany


Ectoparasites (fleas, sucking lice, ticks and mites) on small mammals constitute a complex community, and do serious harm to people by annoying, stabbing, vampiring and parasiting, moreover, they may transmit some vector-borne zoonotic diseases to small mammals as reservoir hosts causing some violent in-fectious diseases, and now over 30 vector-borne zoonotie diseases have been found to be related to eetopara-sites. The article reviewed the study on the relationship between ectoparasites on small mammals and diseases.

Key words:
Siphonaptera;  Sucking lice;  Chigger mites;  Gamasid mites ;  Disease;  Ticks


To evaluate the accessibility level of a website, we need to obtain the accessibility evaluation results of the pages in this website. Due to the massive number of pages in a website and possible involvement of human inspection for conformance checking, directly evaluating all the pages is prohibitively expensive. In practice, we usually select a representative sample for accessibility evaluation of the whole site. This makes the evaluation results heavily dependent on the pages selected. Undersampling may lead to a large bias in evaluation. But oversampling will incur high evaluation expense. To address this issue, this paper proposes a semi-supervised machine learning method, called active-prediction, to obtain the accessibility evaluation results for all pages in a site. Active-prediction casts the website accessibility evaluation into a prediction problem by building learning models for each checkpoint in evaluation and consequently avoids the expensive cost in human inspection. To achieve a higher prediction accuracy with only a small number of training data, active-prediction exploits active learning techniques to select the most informative pages to train the models. Experimental results show that the active-prediction could achieve a high accuracy on predicting the accessibility results and better reflect the accessibility level of the websites than the existing methods.


Cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) of randomised trials are an important source of evidence for informing policy makers on how to best allocate limited resources. Missing data are a common issue in trial-based CEA, and methods such as multiple imputation are now commonly used to account for the missing values, assuming the data are 'missing at random' (MAR). This implies that the reasons for the missing data can be explained by the observed data. However, the missingness is often related to unobserved values, that is data are 'missing not at random' (MNAR, or 'informative'). For example, patients whose health status is relatively poor may be less likely to return health questionnaires, even conditional on their observed characteristics. In these settings, methodological guidance recommends assessing whether conclusions are sensitive to departures from the MAR assumption. Sensitivity analysis strategies for handling MNAR is an area of rapid development in medical statistics, but this form of uncertainty has not yet been appropriately addressed in health economics. This PhD thesis aims to develop practical, accessible sensitivity analysis strategies and software tools to handle MNAR data in trial-based CEA. The thesis critically assessed the statistical methods for handling MNAR data in CEA practice, and identified barriers to more widespread use of these methods, via a systematic review and stakeholder focus groups. The research then focused on two strategies to conduct sensitivity analysis under MNAR assumptions: pattern-mixture models, which involve imputing the data assuming MAR, then modifying the imputed values to reflect possible departures from that assumption; and reference-based imputation, where the data are imputed assuming a distribution borrowed from a 'reference group'. These approaches were illustrated in CEAs of 10TT and CoBalT trials, which evaluated weight loss and depression interventions. Software code and practical guidance are provided to facilitate implementation in practice.


Transdermal drug delivery systems have been developed,
aiming to achieve the objective of systemic medication through topical application to the intact skin. Because transdermal drug delivery offers controlled release of drug into the patient, it enables a steady blood level profile, resulting in reduced systemic side effects
and sometimes, improved efficacy over other dosage forms. In addition transdermal patches are user friendly, convenient, painless and offer multiday dosing, it is generally accepted that they offer improved patient compliance. The purpose of the work was an attempt to develop a transdermal drug delivery system of metoprolol tartrate using three different polymer combinations i.e. CAB-PVP, EC- HPMC and ECPVP in different ratios. Total of 19 patches were prepared out of which the CAB-PVP patches were found to have better characteristics than the other two patches. The compatibility studies confirmed the absence of chemical interaction between the drug and other excipients employed in the formulation. They have been evaluated for physicochemical parameters like physical appearance, average weight, thickness, percent moisture content, percent moisture uptake and drug content.
Release rates were found out by in vitro diffusion studies using Franz diffusion cell. From the in vitro release results observed, it was noticed that patches prepared using CAB-PVP proved to exhibit better release
characteristics. The results for the physicochemical parameters of CAB- PVP patches were also better than the other two patches containing EC- HPMC and EC- PVP.
Accelerated stability studies indicated that the formulated patches were having adequate shelf life. The primary skin irritation studies on rabbits revealed that the formulated patch is compatible with skin.


The Hippocratea excelsa Kunth (cancerine) plant is widely used for its antimicrobial properties in infectious processes in traditional Mexican medicine; however, there are few scientific papers to support it. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the ethanol extract of Hippocratea excelsa Kunth to provide evidence about this effect. Methods: The antimicrobial-disk diffusion test, (Kirby Bauer), and a preliminary qualitative phytochemical-phytochemical test were performed. Results: The ethanol extract of cancerine at a dose of 3000mg managed to moderately inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with inhibition halos of 4.5mm, 2.6mm and 2.8mm respectively. In the phytochemical test were found in the ethanol extract: alkaloids, quinones, coumarins, saponins, resins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and bitter principles. Discussion: The antibacterial activity of some plants has been attributed to the presence of various compounds, including alkaloids, simple phenols, tannins, and flavones; Hippocratea excelsa Kunth presents this type of metabolites, however, the antimicrobial effect was not very significant, compared with the control (commercial) antibiogram. The metabolites found in the ethanol extract of the bark of Hippocratea excelsa Kunth matches with the phytochemical studies of the compounds present in the genus, reported by other research.


This paper introduces a general theory for the derivation of the shape functions for the quadrilateral family of finite elements. The first section deals with the Lagrangian shape functions for the cases of uniform and boundary-described elements. Two basic procedures are introduced; the first by linear combinations of side-interpolations and the second by superposition. The remainder of the paper introduces a theory for the general uniform Hermitian element of any order. Details for quadrilateral elements, with first order derivatives are explained. All of the shape functions presented here were derived in the interval [0,1].

The shape functions, developed by such an engineering approach, have been used successfully in the ABSEA Finite Element System of Cranfield Institute of Technology.


An automatic plant watering system has been designed and developed in order to supply a sufficient amount of water to a plant. Most of the pot plants need to be watered more often rather than ground plant. The amount of water should not be excessive which it can harm the plant and affect plant's growth. Therefore, an automatic watering system was developed in order to water the plant using appropriate amount of water unlike manual watering. The amount of water consumed per irrigation has been measured and compare between theoretical water consumption for manual watering where the whole volume of soil is moisten and the theoretical water consumption for automatic watering where only specific location of the soil is moisten


Asynchronous analog to digital converters (ADC) are normally flash type converters. Asynchronous design approach is proposed in this paper. Normally in design methodology for ADCs, either only flash approach is used or else the signals are sequentially processed. Advantages of asynchronous design are studied for successive approximation register (SAR) type analog to digital converter. The algorithm for SAR is developed for asynchronous design. The circuit is simulated on Spice for correctness of the approach. After successful results, the digital circuit is implemented in complex programmable logic device (CPLD) and other components such as digital to analog converter (DAC) and comparators etc. are used from available integrated circuits. The results obtained are presented and are favourable to expected performance.


Several somatic mutations were found in human gene encoding Casein kinase I epsilon in breast cancer tissue samples. Since there is a homologue in Drosophila genome, discs overgrown locus that leads when mutated to hyperplastic overgrowth of imaginal wing discs, I attempted to obtain a Drosophila, which would carry one of the observed mutations in its genome.


Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been considered as environmental pollutants of a great concern. Regardless of the method of quantitative analysis to be applyied, sample preparation is essential for the accurate determination of PAHs. Due to the extreme complexity of the soil samples, caused primarily by the presence of hundreds of compounds, many of them have similar physical and / or chemical properties as well as the analyzed compounds, and preparation of environmental samples for analysis is crucial for validity of the PAHs analysis. No matter which method will be applied for later analysis, sample preparation has to fulfill a number of conditions such as, adequate selectivity, efficiency, availability, easy to perform, short duration of the procedure. QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method of sample preparation is a relatively new method that uses different sorbents and solvent systems. In this paper, the possibility of application of sorbents (diatomaceous earth, clinoptilolite and carbon black), which are not usually used in QuEChERS clean-up step of sample preparation, using 3 different solvent mixtures hexane / acetone (1:1, v / v) cyclohexane / acetone (1: 1, v / v) and acetonitrile / methanol (2:1, v / v) was investigated. Standard solutions of PAHs were treated with selected sorbents and solvent systems in all combinations, and then analyzed by GC-MS method. The overall accuracy of the method varied depending of compound and used sorbent/solvent system, while precision of the method was constantly good. Highest mean recovery for all PAHs (49.22%) was recorded for clinoptilolite, hexane / acetone combination. Diatomaceous earth showed lower recoveries in comparison with clinoptilolite, with all solvent systems, while recoveries for carbon black were almost zero. Among tested sorbents, clinoptilolite was identified as good starting sorbent which characteristics could be modified with aim to achieve higher accuracy, precision and selectivity of the method, and enable its new application in analytical chemistry.


In this paper, Ce3+ doped and Ce3+,Mn2+ co-doped Na2Ba6(Si2O7)(SiO4)2 phosphors were synthesized via a high temperature solid-state reaction. The Rietveld refinement analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of the single phase of Na2Ba6(Si2O7)(SiO4)2. The PL spectrum of the Ce3+ single-doped phosphor shows a broad asymmetric band extending from 350 to 600 nm peaking at 420 nm under the excitation of UV light. Also, the low temperature (5 K) PL spectrum shows clearly three peaks at 375, 420, and 451 nm, which is in accordance with the Ce3+ ion site in the host. The Ce3+,Mn2+ co-doped phosphors show a blue emission band and an orange emission band, and the corresponding CIE coordinates intuitively indicate the tunable colors from the blue to green area. And the energy transfer mechanism from Ce3+ to Mn2+ in the host has been verified to be a dipole–quadrupole interaction. In addition, the emission intensity of Na2Ba6(Si2O7)(SiO4)2:0.01Ce3+ phosphor slightly changed with the temperature increase from 300 to 450 K, revealing that the obtained phosphor possesses an excellent thermal stability, which makes it an attractive candidate phosphor for white lighting emitting diodes.


In a wireless sensor network, eliminating redundancies in area coverage in the deployment zone represents a major challenge where the stake is its lifetime increase. Current works dealing with this topic use different deterministic or probabilistic techniques for nodes redundancies check. In this paper, we propose a quasi-quadratic time distributed algorithm based on a deterministic approach enabling each node to know its exact status even in the context of heterogeneous sensing ranges. Simulations show that this novel technique is more accurate and precise in comparison with other traditional ones.


In this short note we prove two elegant generalized continued fraction formulae $$e= 2+\cfrac{1}{1+\cfrac{1}{2+\cfrac{2}{3+\cfrac{3}{4+\ddots}}}}$$ and $$e= 3+\cfrac{-1}{4+\cfrac{-2}{5+\cfrac{-3}{6+\cfrac{-4}{7+\ddots}}}}$$ using elementary methods. The first formula is well-known, and the second one is newly-discovered in arXiv:1907.00205 [cs.LG]. We then explore the possibility of automatic verification of such formulae using computer algebra systems (CAS's).


Objectives. Improper handling of chemicals leads to an increase in the population's exposure to them, generating acute chemical poisonings and other serious health consequences. The purpose of this paper was the impact assessment of public awareness activities on acute chemical poisonings, organized during the International and National Weeks for their prevention and reduction.
Materials and methods. In this study, there was performed a retrospective analysis of the results of the International and National Campaigns on Acute Chemical Poisonings Prevention, in the Republic of Moldova, during the 2018-2019 years.
Results. There was a decrease in cases of acute chemical poisoning, being registered 2145 affected in 2018, compared to 2013 – 6292 cases. Annually, in order to prevent and reduce such poisonings, a health promotion campaigns are organized, during which activities are carried out to raise public awareness, communicate chemical risks to public health and the environment. According to the reports of the territorial Public Health Center during the Weeks, 918 educational institutions were visited in which 235739 students study, of which 8307 classes with 207995 students were informed. During the analyzed period, the specialists of the Public Healthcare Institutions, Health Centers, Public Health Center and Educational Institutions organized 3253 public lessons and 5064 lectures.
Conclusions. The practice of organizing health promotion campaigns, in the field of chemical risks, has a positive impact on the public health and the level of morbidity associated with chemicals. The correct storage, use and marketing of chemicals, guarantees the protection of public health, especially of children.


Availability of fossil fuels is real struggle now days as it is of limited in nature on Earth.Renewable energy sources are available with ample of amount with different sources like solar, wind etc. One of such renewable energy is Small Hydro which is the most emerging technology for survival and generation of electricity. Therefore Small Hydro needs to be utilized for power development. Small Hydro Power (SHP) is one of the resources available for hilly region as well as other parts of the country.SHP plants are the need for today. India has around 20000 MW potential for large number small hydel plants in various states. Cost calculation for different SHP components has been covered in the current paper for collected data in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra State. The equation for design discharge has been formulated by considering the rivers with width, depth and the flow of water.


Nowadays,the developed technologies relying on computer become more and more,the most popular one is the softwareengineering.In the software development process, software testing is the core of the software development. Only through continueingto improve the efficiency of the software to make up for sofeware deficiencies,the debeloping software can be slowly improved. Thispaper tells the concept of software tests, and describes the strategies and test methods of software testing, for reference!


Based on the theory of analogy between thermal and hydraulic problems,using the superposition of potential function in hydraulics,this paper proved the existing analytical solutions of temperature field for the single-piped,single-row-piped and double-row-piped frozen soil walls.Further by using the coefficient of coverage,an analytical solution of three-row-piped frozen temperature field was also worked out.Comparison of the analytical solution with the numerical thermal analysis shows that the analytical solution is precise enough and will afford some new thoughts in working out the analytical solution of multi-row-piped frozen temperature field,as well as some reasonable guidance in three-row pipe freezing projects.


In the new power environment, it is necessary to consider both the power supply reliability of the urban medium-voltage distribution network, and also to maintain the robustness of the distribution network to the operation risks. This paper proposes a "N-1+1" model for the reliability analysis of medium voltage distribution network. And this paper solves the "N-1+1" problem with the improved discrete monkey algorithm (DMA). Finally, the conclusion proves that the N-1+1 " model can guarantee the power supply reliability and provide the robustness to risk.


The present invention relates to a catalytic partial oxidation process for producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from an organic feedstock, the process is 0.3 to 0.8 oxygen in a gas hour space velocity - in the amount of carbon consumed, the oxygen-versus-containing gas and organic in the range of 100,000 to the feedstock to 10,000,000 Nl / kg / h is made to be brought into contact with the catalyst, the organic feedstock used in the process is a feedstock containing hydrocarbons and / or oxides, wherein the feedstock and a standard temperature liquid under pressure conditions, and has a mean carbon number of 6 or more. The invention also relates to a moving means is provided an electric energy generating step, the electrical energy generation system, and the electric energy generation system.


Economic growth was largely restricted by insufficient demand these years in China, which is resulted from factors such as lasting low final consumptions rate and capital formations rate, besides, slow increase of individual income and the relatively rapid growth of government revenue are also continuing factors.


The conductivity and photogalvanic effect have been shown to respond oppositely in the 2D transition metal dichalcogenide intercalation compounds PdCl2/PtCl2@MX2(A/Z).


With the fast increasing number of college student party members,how to strengthen the education and management of them has become a very important subject.This paper expounds my view on the education and management of college student Party members.


There is a major gap between educational resources about quantum physics intended for quantum physicists versus those intended for the general public. Quantum physicists tend to acquire specialized knowledge through research and courses that rely upon a foundation in the sciences and advanced level mathematics. In contrast, if the general public acquires knowledge about quantum physics, it typically stems from popular media or complex scientific papers or lectures. Learning from popular media is not ideal, as these sources may not professionally vet accuracy or may intentionally fictionalize the science. However, learning from a complex scientific paper or lecture may be just as troublesome for the general public, as scientific jargon, mathematics, and gaps in knowledge are likely to prove challenging and confusing. Therefore, there is a need for work that is scientifically accurate, engaging, and comprehensible for the general public. At The University of Chicago STAGE Lab, we attempt to address this need by creating educational resources intended for people of all ages and academic backgrounds. We do so by taking advantage of the intrinsic accessibility and enjoyment associated with art and using it to communicate complex scientific ideas. In particular, we have focused on creating resources in two art forms: games and theatre. With both art forms, we aim to spark scientific curiosity, an appreciation for quantum science, and an increased understanding of the scientific field. These media help fill the gap in resources, for they strike a balance between education and entertainment, closely adhere to the scientific principles, and are generally accessible, particularly since they lack scientific jargon and equations. While both our theatre and games projects are in development, preliminary results from play-testing the games indicate that they increase appreciation of the quantum sciences amongst the non scientific and scientific communities alike.


In this paper we study the multifractal structure of a certain class of self-affine measures known as self-affine multifractal Sierpinski sponges. Multifractal analysis studies the local scaling behaviour of measures. In particular, multifractal analysis studies the so-called local dimension and the multifractal spectrum of measures. The multifractal structure of self-similar measures satisfying the Open Set Condition is by now well understood. However, the multifractal structure of self-affine multifractal Sierpinski sponges is significantly less well understood. The local dimensions and the multifractal spectrum of self-affine multifractal Sierpinski sponges are only known provided a very restrictive separation condition, known as the Very Strong Separation Condition (VSSC), is satisfied. In this paper we investigate the multifractal structure of general self-affine multifractal Sierpinski sponges without assuming any additional conditions (and, in particular, without assuming the VSSC).


In 1972 Kelly collectively called the sequential destructive changes in the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity seen in patients requiring singular restoration of a completely edentulous arch opposing a natural dentition as Combination syndrome. Prosthodontist try overcoming this Combination syndrome by careful treatment planning, using preventive, therapeutic and functional treatment modalities which may require a multi disciplinary approach involving surgical intervention such as planned extractions followed by immediate dentures, vestibuloplasty, excision of flabby tissue followed by metallic denture base prosthesis, implant supported fixed prosthesis, implant supported over dentures etc. Even conventional prosthodontic techniques with special consideration for flabby tissues, over denture prosthesis and removable cast partial denture may be used. Choice of treatment modality is made by keeping in mind that the requirement of stability and retention of the prosthesis must be balanced along with the preservation of the health of the oral tissues for every patient.


The phenomenon of the global crisis in both the financial energy sectors as well as the emergence of new technologies companies consider their success or failure depending on the ability to respond quickly to opportunities in their competitive environment. This competitiveness is found especially in the capacity of their technical professionals. On the other hand career is characterized as protean, boundaryless and directed mainly by the individual. Given this scenario, organizations should organize an internal labor market to attract, develop and retain talent. The purpose of this research is to study the impact of internal labour market and subjective career success perceived by engineers in organizations. For the study a survey was conducted via email to 1135 graduates with a response rate of 89.07%. Structural equations were then applied to identify relationships. The results show a positive relationship between internal labour market and subjective career success perceived by engineers working in the organization. The conclusions of the study can help engineers and companies to drive the careers of these knowledge workers as a way to help them to be happier and help their companies to have more dynamic and proactive engineers. At the same time, educational institutions with engineering programs will gain a better understanding of an engineer's career, and will be able to use this knowledge to review the effectiveness of their educational programs. Key words: Career success. Subjective career success. Internal labour market and career development for engineers.


5041 Background: Optimal carboplatin dosing (CPRx) for patients (pts) with renal dysfunction or low creatinine (Cr) values in the setting of malnutrition and ascites is unknown. Multiple methods have been utilized to estimate Cr clearance (CrCl) but these perform differently in pts with abnormal Cr values. We sought to determine 1) the relationship between adverse events (AE) and baseline CrCl used for CPRx; 2) the effect on CPRx of using Cockcroft-Gault (CG) +/- the NCI/CTEP recommended limits (CGL), Modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) or Jelliffe Formula (J) renal function estimates. Methods: Retrospective data were drawn from pts treated on GOG 182, a phase III trial of carboplatin doublet vs triplet or sequential doublet combinations in stage III/IV EOC. For patient safety, the protocol was amended to assign the lower limit of Cr at 0.6mg/dl for CPRx. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to describe associations between CrClJ and various AE. Sensitivity and po...


The present invention relates to a method of providing an armature housing, the peripheral portion of the first portion such that the step of preparing a solid cylindrical body in a malleable material having a first portion and a second portion, to define a lifting up wall of a step of lifting the direction away at least a portion from the second portion, and a step of making a vertical flattened disc to the first portion and the second portion is compressed toward the first part overall axially a, the first part, all of the second portion and at least the peripheral portion is integrally connected as a single piece.


The purpose of this paper is to give significance of various sensors and transducers in mechatronics system. In all the mechatronics system is the need to measure some physical quantities such as displacement, speed, position, velocity, motion, pressure, temperature etc. This paper includes terminology of performance parameter and different types of sensors and transducers with application.


Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the strategies that UN supported agencies can adopt in today's turbulent business environment. Methodology : The research design was descriptive in nature focusing on The Market Access Programme (MAP).  Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample in which twenty five (25) respondents from a population of eighty six (86) staff working at in conjunction with (MAP) was chosen. The staff includes both management and non-management staff categorized into four levels; senior level management, middle level management, supervisory staff and general staff.  Information was collected using a questionnaire developed by the researcher and administered with the help of a trained research assistant. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and result presented in frequency tables to show how the responses for the various questions posed to the respondents. Descriptive statistics was used to illustrate the responses. Results : The findings indicated that the causes of turbulence in NGOs environment include advancement in information technology, High dynamism,   competitive rivalry, threat of new entrants, bargaining power of supplier and bargaining power of clientele contributes to NGOs environmental turbulence. Results also indicated that strategic planning plays a positive role to the performance of NGOs, specifically UN supported projects such as MAP. Further, results indicate that NGOs use the following strategic responses in response to turbulent environment. These strategies include acquiescence, compromise, avoidance, defiance and manipulation. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that it is vital to understand the forces behind the increasing sophistication and efficiency of risk management systems, before adopting them more widely for regulatory purposes


Abstract : The experimental program consists of three distinct approaches. The first is to probe the plasmoids with a silver ion beam, that is, the measurement of beam deflection as a function of position in order to determine the average charge number density of the plasmoid. The unexpected disappearance of the ion beam within the plasmoid has, however, altered the problem. The second approach is to utilize metallic Langmuir probes and the double probe in order to ellicit much the same information as the ion beam probe. The effort here is directed toward the establishment of probe characteristics within this type of discharge. A spectroscopic investigation of the plasmoids is also being conducted in order to obtain a kinetic temperature profile of the discharge region. (Author)


The report analyses some of the aspects of discrimination in Bulgaria in practicing of the right of work. Based on the actual normative analysis and related to the practice of the SPD the author makes conclusions and summaries. Considering prevention of discrimination in the labour law the author develops the contemporary tendencies and makes recommendations for improvement of the legislation.


With a total of 10 kinds of synthesized 1-monoglycerides, seven of even-numbered monoglycerides of C10 to C22 (Carbon numbers of fatty acid) and odd-numbered monoglycerides of C15 C" and C19, examinations were made on the presence of Sub-ƒ¿2, and their correlation to modification numbers, transition temperature, enthalpy and entropy by difference in length of the molecular chain and even-odd number of carbons. 1) Sub-ƒ¿2 was observed not only in C18, C20 and C22, but also in C19, but not in those below C17. Comparison of the IR spectrum of Sub-ƒ¿2 with that of Sub-ƒ¿1 showed that they are quite similar with the exception of a slight difference in the OH absorption band. Transition from Sub-ƒ¿2 to Sub-ƒ¿1 is reversible. 2) Transition temperature (below 310 K, 37•Ž) of monoglycerides with a short chain of below C15 showed a difference from the values reported in literature when in metastable state (ƒ¿, Sub ƒ¿1). Regarding its correlation to the number of carbons, transition temperature of ƒÀ • ̈ fusion and ƒ¿ • ̈ fusion increased regulary with increase in the number of carbons, and there was no alternation between even and odd number of carbons. However, such alternation was seen in the transition of Sub-ƒ¿1 to ƒ¿ and of Sub-ƒ¿2 to to Sub-ƒ¿1, and this phenomenon was entirely reverse of that in triglycerides. 3) With respect to the correlation of enthalpy and entropy to the number of carbons,enthalpy and entropy of ƒ¿ • ̈ fusion and Sub-ƒ¿1 • ̈ ƒ¿ of manoglycerides with above C17 chain showed the same tendency as the transition temperature. Alternation appeared in the case of ƒÀ • ̈ fusion, differing from the transition temperature. This may be due to the difference in the optically active L and DL compounds of monoglycerides. In the transition of Sub-a to a in monoglycerides of less than C16, transition enthalpy increased in inverse proportion to the decrease in the number of carbons. This may be due to the occurrence of a competitive action between the fatty acid group and glycerol group at the time of transition, resulting in the increasing action of the glycerol group with shortening of the molecular chain and in a metastable state. The enthalpy and entropy per methylene group were R/2 and Rln 3, respectively, agreeing well with theoretical values.


This research aimed to 1) study the relationship between demographic characteristics and chili paste's trade label management, 2) study the relationship between chili paste's trade label management and consumer satisfaction, 3) analyze the packaging style and product shelf-life that related to chili paste's trade label management, and 4) analyze the ability to explain variations in the packaging style, product shelf-life, chili paste's trade label management, and consumer satisfaction. The research target group was 385 consumers and tourists in Bangchang Community, Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram Province, randomized by a snowball approach. To analyze our data to determine the results, we employed descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, Pearson's product-moment, correlation, chi-square, and multiple regression analysis. The study found that the demographic characteristics of gender, age, educational background, and occupation were a positive indicator for chili paste's trade label management. We also found that the chili paste's trade label management was related to the consumer's satisfaction, and 49% of all consumers will be satisfied. Besides, 50% of all packaging styles and 49% of products' shelf-life were related to the chili paste's trade label management, respectively. 55% of all could explain the variance of consumer's satisfaction at significance level 0.05. Our research findings can contribute to sustainable packaging innovations that allow community members to participate in the product design and promote sustainability.

 How to Cite this Article

 Pubmed Style

 Rojanabenjakun P, Ounprasertsuk J, Benjanirat T, Sangman P, Srikhao P, Duangsomruay T. Packaging Development of Bangchang Chili Paste in Bangchang Community, Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram. SRP. 2020; 11(10): 1080-1086. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.155

 Web Style

 Rojanabenjakun P, Ounprasertsuk J, Benjanirat T, Sangman P, Srikhao P, Duangsomruay T. Packaging Development of Bangchang Chili Paste in Bangchang Community, Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=52544 [Access: March 29, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.155

 AMA (American Medical Association) Style

 Rojanabenjakun P, Ounprasertsuk J, Benjanirat T, Sangman P, Srikhao P, Duangsomruay T. Packaging Development of Bangchang Chili Paste in Bangchang Community, Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram. SRP. 2020; 11(10): 1080-1086. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.155

 Vancouver/ICMJE Style

 Rojanabenjakun P, Ounprasertsuk J, Benjanirat T, Sangman P, Srikhao P, Duangsomruay T. Packaging Development of Bangchang Chili Paste in Bangchang Community, Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram. SRP. (2020), [cited March 29, 2021]; 11(10): 1080-1086. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.155

 Harvard Style

 Rojanabenjakun, P., Ounprasertsuk, . J., Benjanirat, . T., Sangman, . P., Srikhao, . P. & Duangsomruay, . T. (2020) Packaging Development of Bangchang Chili Paste in Bangchang Community, Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram. SRP, 11 (10), 1080-1086. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.155

 Turabian Style

 Rojanabenjakun, Phannee, Jatuporn Ounprasertsuk, Tipvarin Benjanirat, Phinkamon Sangman, Paweesuda Srikhao, and Tanwarat Duangsomruay. 2020. Packaging Development of Bangchang Chili Paste in Bangchang Community, Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (10), 1080-1086. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.155

 Chicago Style

 Rojanabenjakun, Phannee, Jatuporn Ounprasertsuk, Tipvarin Benjanirat, Phinkamon Sangman, Paweesuda Srikhao, and Tanwarat Duangsomruay. "Packaging Development of Bangchang Chili Paste in Bangchang Community, Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 1080-1086. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.155

 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

 Rojanabenjakun, Phannee, Jatuporn Ounprasertsuk, Tipvarin Benjanirat, Phinkamon Sangman, Paweesuda Srikhao, and Tanwarat Duangsomruay. "Packaging Development of Bangchang Chili Paste in Bangchang Community, Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.10 (2020), 1080-1086. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.155

 APA (American Psychological Association) Style

 Rojanabenjakun, P., Ounprasertsuk, . J., Benjanirat, . T., Sangman, . P., Srikhao, . P. & Duangsomruay, . T. (2020) Packaging Development of Bangchang Chili Paste in Bangchang Community, Amphawa District, Samut Songkhram. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (10), 1080-1086. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.155


In the design of modern aircraft many structural problems have arisen which are not subject to a simple analysis. Although the usual formulas of elasticity apply, their application becomes too cumbersome for practical use. A problem of this type is the determination of stresses around openings or cutouts. Thus, in monocoque construction there are openings for doors, windows, hatches, etc. Frames and bulkheads are pierced for the passage of conduits, ducts, or other members. In many of these cases, no formal determinations of the stresses can be made. It is well known, however, that stress concentrations do occur at reentrant corners, openings, etc. It was the purpose of this investigation to determine by photoelastic means the amount of this stress concentration, and how it varied in intensity under different conditions of loading, and with various types of openings.


This paper proposes a complex-vector based discrete-time synchronous-frame full-order observer for position sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives with a low-pulsewidth modulation (PWM) to operating fundamental frequency ratio, a situation common for middle- and high-power applications as well as high-frequency permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. A complex-vector based discrete-time domain zero-order hold equivalent model of IPMSM is developed explicitly incorporating with the stationary frame voltage latch effect of a PWM voltage source inverter. Whereby, a full-order observer is designed and implemented using direct pole assignment in the discrete-time domain to guarantee the stability and dynamic performance with low-frequency ratios. The proposed scheme was verified on a sensorless IPMSM drive. Experimental results confirm both the design methodology and the expected performance attained by the proposed control strategy with low-frequency ratios.


This celebrated collection of essays was first published in 1961 to mark the 80th birthday of the great historian and social reformer R. H. Tawney. The list of contributors contains several of the most English distinguished historians of the post-war period, including Lawrence Stone, Christopher Hill, Joan Thirsk, Gerald Aylmer and Donald Coleman, and many of the essays in this volume have since assumed classic status. The collection opens with F. J. Fisher's celebrated overview of 'Tawney's Century', defined as that period which separates the Dissolution of the Monasteries of the 1530s from the Great Rebellion of the 1640s.


In this study, the species of Oedogonium was subjected to two weeks batch culturing using Bold's Basal Medium (BBM). The DNA of the pure culture obtained was extracted using DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit following the protocols, conserved DNA regions of chloroplast genome corresponding to SSU/18S rDNA and Rbcl were amplified and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) product was sequenced. Based on morphology and DNA barcoding, isolates were identified as Oedogonium tenerum for SSU/18S rDNA and Oedogonium cardiacum Wittrock ex Hirn (Chlorophyta) for Rbcl. Lipids analysis and the active compounds of Oedogonium strain were evaluated using Agilent 7890A Gas Chromatography (GC) system and Agilent 5975C inert Mass Spectrometer Detector. Analysis of the sample lipids showed 12.98% lipid content while GC-MS analysis of hexane extract of Oedogonium strain (KU680468 (SSU/18S rDNA); KU680573 Rbcl) revealed the existence of Eicosane, 1-Nonadecene, Tricosane, Heneicosane and Nona hexacontanoic acid adding up to 70.27%. The minor constituents include Butylated hydroxytoluene, Nonadecane, 1-Docosene adding up to 29.3%. The importance of some of these components in medicine includes anti-viral and anti-oxidant properties. Other importance of these hydrocarbons are found in food preservatives and majorly in the petrochemical industry for the production of candles, biopesticides (insect pheromones), paraffin wax and other by-products of petroleum. The result implied a closely related but unique strain which is probably endemic to West Africa and Nigeria in particular as other strains are from North America.


Three dimensional finite element analysis was made for pile pier according to response surface method,which was one of the PDS method in ANSYS,and the response surface equation was obtained.Then the reliability index of the structure under various external loads and its gravity was calculated by searching the check point iteratively with the Matlab software and JC method.Because the limit state equation was unknown,JC method could not be used.A new method was used to normalize the design variable according to the calculation principles of response surface method in ANSYS.Besides,sensitive factors were obtained through the sensitivity analysis of reliability for pile pier.The results are in accordance with the practice,and may serve as reference for the design of pile pier.


The research on the imperial burial systems of ancient China is one of the important contents of Chinese Archaeology. The Liao Dynasty, together with the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty ruling the southern part of China, formed the second Southern and Northern Dynasties Period and made great contribution to the formation of the Chinese Nationality as a pluralistic integration. Therefore, the in-depth research on the Liao Culture embodied by the imperial burial system and other material carriers are academically important. The Liao Dynasty had five imperial mausoleum precincts, the Qingling of which built in the middle to late period of the Liao Dynasty was investigated and researched by Japanese archaeologists. In early 1960s, Mr. Jia Zhoujie made reconnaissance to Zuling Precinct, but his estimation to the location of the underground hall of Zuling Mausoleum was clearly wrong. We could draw the conclusion that the archaeological research on the imperial burial system of the early Liao Dynasty is still a virgin ground.


The oscillation symmetry is first applied to electromagnetic interactions of particles and nuclei. It is shown that the differences between successive masses plotted versus their mean values and the electromagnetic decay widths Γee of 0^−(1^−−) b¯b and c¯c mesons, plotted versus their masses, agree with such symmetry. Then it is shown that the variation of the energy differences between different levels of several nuclei from 8Be to 20Ne, corresponding to given electric or magnetic transitions, display also oscillating behaviours. The electromagnetic widths of the electric and magnetic transitions between excited levels of these nuclei, plotted versus the corresponding differences between energies agree also with this property. The oscillating periods describe also an oscillation, the same for E1, M1, and E2 transitions. It is also the case for the multiplicative factor used β, and for ratios between these parameters. The oscillation symmetry is then applied to atomic energy levels of several neutral atoms from hydrogen to phosphorus. The data exhibit nice oscillations when plotted in the same way as before. The oscillations in various nuclear and atomic periods of different elements (A) exhibit the same shape and can be fitted by the same distribution.


s of the Twelfth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic infections, Boston, MA, USA, 2005. Abstract 645. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA. 6 Verdon R, Daudon M, Albessard F et al. Indinavir-induced cholelithiasis in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35: e57–9. 200 400 600 M1 M5 M8 M15 M20 M25 M34 M41 Month CD 4 (/m m 3 ) , pV L (c op ie s/ m L) a nd e GF R (m L/ m in ) 1 10 100 1000 10 000 100 000 Pl as m a co nc en tr at io ns (l og 10 , n g/ m L) : ATV C24h (ng/mL) : TFV C24h (ng/mL) : eGFR (mL/min) : CD4 (/mm3) : pVL (copies/mL) : ATV C24h therapeutic range (150-850 ng/mL5) Figure 1. Follow-up of patient. Plasma concentrations of atazanavir at 24 h (ATV C24h) and tenofovir at 24 h (TFV C24h), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), CD4 cell count and plasma viral load (pVL). Research letter


Ground reflection influences incident ultraviolet irradiance in two ways. The first contribution consists of reflected ground radiation scattered back from the atmosphere towards the ground. This causes an enhancement in incident UV irradiance when ground reflection increases. The largest enhancement in UV occurs when the surrounding area is flat and homogeneously covered with snow. Maximum enhancement in erythemal UV of up to 70% over short periods after snow fall has been observed. The second contribution consists of radiation reflected from ground towards the sensor. This occurs when surrounding pixels are surelevated or when the sensor is inclined. The UV incident on inclined planes is very different from UV incident on horizontal planes. UV may be higher on inclined vertical planes when the solar elevation is small or when the ground reflection is very high such as when covered with snow. Over grounds covered with snow, daily sums of irradiances on several countries to monitor spectral UV irradiance and ally variations that might occur 2.5 . Radiative transfer modelling is an essential tool for analysing the observations, and much effort is being devoted to the modelling activities 6.7 . Besides ozone absorption, not to vertical planes of up to 2.5 times the intensity on horizontal planes have been measured.


Internet information is growing exponentially every day at a rapid pace. In order to find out the exact required information from the web, search engine has become absolutely necessary tool for the web users. It has also become more difficult to provide the user with the required information. When different users provide an ambiguous query to a search engine, they might be having different search goals. Therefore, it is required to find and analyze user search goals to improve the user experience. By representing the results in cluster we find out different user search goals for a query. It has proved to be more advantages in improving search engine relevance and user experience. Query classification, search result reorganization and session boundary detection are the approaches attempt to find out user search goals. But the mentioned approaches have many limitations i.e. Classified Average Precision (CAP), Average Precision (AP), Mean Average Precision (MAP). A new approach has been implemented that overcomes the limitations of existing approaches which will further analyzes and discover relevant user search goals. This approach first takes the user search query as an input, for each single result of the search query pseudo-documents are generated. Using K-means clustering algorithm, these pseudo-documents are clustered. Each cluster can be considered as one user search goal. Finally, this output cluster document, generates a summary of input documents which are provided to the user in order to satisfy its query.


Functional foods is a relatively new concept and covers food products that are enriched with different kinds of (naturally occurring) components/substances (eg vitamins, minerals or probiotic cultures) or modified in a way so that the product provides an additional physiological benefit that may prevent disease or promote health. Therefore functional foods is a product category which can be characterised as processed with a relatively high degree of technological manipulation compared to basic food products. Experience with functional foods introduced so far indicates that some consumers seem to approve of such manipulations


The protected 5′-oxo-6,5′-cyclouridine 13 reacts with diazomethane to afford mostly the spiro-epoxide 18 (79%), but it also undergoes ring-expansion to give the corresponding 5′-oxo-6,6′-cyclonucleoside 16. Under the conditions of the reaction, ketone 16 reacts further with diazomethane to give the enol ether 20 (12% overall), the isomeric 4-methoxy nucleoside 15 (2%), and the spiro-epoxide 19 (4.4%). Acid hydrolysis of the enol ether 20, followed by reduction of the resulting ketone with sodium borohydride, affords a separable mixture of the 5′S (L-talo) and 5′R (D-allo) methylene-bridged cyclonucleosides 7 and 8, respectively. From proton nmr measurements, it appears that the 6′-methylene groups of these cyclonucleosides project towards the 2′,3′-edge of the furanose ring.


We study a one-dimensional system of spatially extended particles, which are fixated to regularly spaced locations by means of elastic springs. The particles are assumed to be driven by a Gaussian noise and to have dissipative, energy-conserving or anti-dissipative (flipper-like) interactions, when the particle density exceeds a critical threshold. While each particle in separation shows a wellbehaved behavior characterized by a Gaussian velocity distribution, the interaction of particles at high densities can cause an avalanche-like momentum and energy transfer, which can generate steep power laws without a well-defined variance and mean value. Specifically, the velocity variance increases dramatically towards the free boundaries of the driven-many-particle system. The model might also have some relevance for a better understanding of crowd disasters. Our results suggest that these are most likely caused by passive momentum transfers, and not by active pushing.


The expediency of using recovery non-drug methods in rehabilitation of children of primary school often suffering from acute respiratory infection is justified in this paper. The purpose of the study is to develop a complex recovery measures for children with acute respiratory infections and to evaluate the effec- tiveness of rehabilitation of disorders in emotional state and cognitive sphere. The object of this study was to 350 pupils aged 7-10 years. On the basis of data of the medical examina- tion, all the children were divided into 2 groups: frequently ill and rarely ill. Then both groups were divided into 2 subgroups: the main and control. The children of the main group were treated by means of the recovery non- drug methods developed by the authors. To study higher mental processes activity the authors used psychological examination, sociometry re- search of personality-emotional sphere of the child. Psychological examination showed that violations of the emotional state and the decline of cognitive functions in frequently ill children, were significantly higher than rarely ill children. It is shown that under the influence of rehabilitation by complex non-drug methods decreased morbidity, improved psycho-emotional state and increased levels of cognitive status.


Trypanosomiasis is an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma and transmitted by the bite of infected tsetse flies of the Glossina species. The disease is hallmarked bysleep/wake disturbances and disruptions in other circadian rhythm activities. Although trypanosomiasis has a well known aetiology, histopathological studies on brain regions involved in the control of circadian rhythms are scanty. This study investigated the histopathological effects of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection on the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master circadian rhythm pacemaker, in the hypothalamus of rats. It also investigated the effects of the infection on the rat's body weight and temperature. Twelve control and twelve experimental male albino rats, weighing 200-230g, were used in this study. Body weight and temperature of each rat was measured four days in a week. The experimental rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2ml of infected blood containing 1 x 10 4 T.b.brucei parasites. The infected animals were allowed to go through the full course of infection and sacrificed when they were in extremis . Each rat was decapitated and the brain immediately extracted from the skull. The brain was fixed in buffered neutral formalin (10%) for at least 48 hours. The brain was later removed from the formalin solution and a coronal section made. The coronal section was processed histologically and stained using the haematoxylin and eosin method. The stained slides were examined under a microscope and photomicrographs taken. Significant differences in body weight and temperature were recorded between the control and experimental rats. Histopathological changes, including tissue degeneration and infiltration and proliferation of cells, were observed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of infected rats. The findings of this study provide a basis for understanding the mechanisms underlying functional alterations in circadian rhythms that characterize animal trypanosomiasis. Keywords: Trypanosomiasis, Circadian rhythms, Pacemaker, Histopathology


Risk scores for dementia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predict dementia development, but their link to underlying brain pathology remains unclear. This study explored the cross‐sectional associations between well‐validated CVD and dementia risk scores and dementia‐related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and imaging markers in memory clinic patients without dementia,


Using financial, accounting and questionnaire response data we investigate the post-acquisition performance of 47 US bank holding companies that executed 579 mergers and acquisitions in the 1964-1996 period and compare it with their competitors' performance. The objectives of the study are to identify the factors that explain the variance in the distribution of post-acquisition performance, and to test whether the financial markets efficiently predict performance outcomes by incorporating public information about the acquiring firm into the stock price following the acquisition announcement. The tested model includes measures of post-acquisition decisions, such as the degree of integration of the target within the acquirer's structure and the replacement of the top management team, as well as approximations of the acquirer's capability to implement the integration process. We find that prior acquisition experience does not improve post-acquisition performance, but the degree to which acquirers articulate and codify their experience in ad-hoc tools does. Furthermore, a high level of integration of the target within the acquirer's organization improves long-term performance, whereas the replacement of top management worsens it. Financial markets do not seem to be sensitive to any of these predictors of performance in their short-term reactions, but long-term adjustments are significantly impacted by acquirers' integration strategies and codified implementation knowledge, in line with the variations of accounting returns.


Increasing competition in the software industry, constantly changing customer needs, along with the usual problems associated with software maintenance, have made timing of a new software release extremely important for the success of a software vendor in the market place. Once the base release of a software is introduced in the market, based on the customers experience, a number of new features and enhancements are identified. Moreover, the complexity of maintaining the software increases over time because of the increase in the installed customer base and change in the entropy of the system. This paper proposes an economic model to capture the various tradeoffs involved in software release decisions and further discusses methods to obtain optimal software release time. Also investigated are the potential effects of factors related to the software development process, product characteristics such as size and the changing market needs on the optimal time of software product introduction.


The international march of English is one of the leading sociolinguistic phenomena of our times. There have been internationally dominant languages before – religious languages like Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, as well as Sanskrit and Koranic Arabic – and politico-cultural languages, often linked to the religious cultures with which they propagate: Greek and Latin again, French, and (in the 20th century until the fall of Communism) Russian. In the last years of the 20th century English has established an unprecedentedly powerful position, which has even grown stronger since the more circumspect evaluation of its position by McCrum et al. 1986. The extent of its quantitative and qualitative domination of international geopolitics, science, commerce, communications, technology, politics, and consumer culture is evident in journals like English Today, World Englishes, and English World-Wide. What Crystal aims to do in this book is to capture the big picture, in focus and in perspective, and to assess where English really stands as we enter the 21st century.


Many control problems can be reduced to the problem of checking the positivity of a multivariate polynomial over a given domain. In particular this is the case of robustness analysis of control systems, which has received considerable attention in recent years ([1, 2, 3, 4, 51). Let us consider the following basic setup (see figure 1). The plant to be controlled is described as G(p,A), where p is an uncertain parameter vector, known only to belong to a set rI, and A is an H,-bounded dynamic perturbation. We suppose that a 'nominal' controller has been designed, stabilizing and meeting the performance specifications of interest in correspondence to a 'nominal' plant G(po,O). In this context a basic question is whether a given controller meets design specifications for all uncertain parameter vectors p E I'I and all admissible dynamic perturbations A.


When religion is invoked in Australian sociocultural and political negotiations, religion tends to be politicised predominantly through institutionalised, racialised and gendered perspectives. Further, discussions frequently employed narrow interpretations of religion. This understanding of religion only partially reflects the religious condition in Australia and is not fully representative of it in its substance and nuance, nor breadth and depth. This argument is based on an examination of Australian news media's construction, depiction and representation of discourses on religion in national debates. Using the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's discussion program Q&A as its subject, the study argues for a broader understanding of religion, viewed as a spectrum.


The objective of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of a proposed supersonic drone configuration, in terms of drag, ram recovery, and fundamental flight performance factors. Sustainable supersonic cruise at Mach 1.6 is the major segment of the mission profile which affects the overall geometry resulting from the conceptual design phase, a tailless delta drone with an open-nose forebody, lofted around the inlet which consists of an analytical compression surface and a S-duct diffuser. Because the aerodynamics of this unconventional configuration is unknown, a series of CFD simulations using the ANSYS Fluent solver is coupled to the design process to predict both internal and external aerodynamics as a proof of the concept. The simulations indicate that the drone's overall drag is significantly lower than the other configurations with side or underside integrated inlets while the inlet pressure recovery is adjusted to maximize the engine thrust. The parasite drag at design speed is about 0.022 which is considerably lower than conventional configurations and the pressure recovery more than 0.96 is possible by applying the boundary layer bypass. A comparative study, with a developed thrust model, shows that the configuration satisfies mission requirements and exceeds them at transonic and supersonic flight phases.


Objective To systematic review the prognosis of radiotherapy combined with surgery for the treatment of retroperitoneal neoplasms. Methods Articles concerning randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in which radiotherapy (pre-, intraand post-operation) in combination with surgery was compared with surgery alone were retrieved by searching Cochrane Library ( Jun 2014), Medline ( Jan 1950–June 2014), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database ( Jan 1994–Jun 2014), Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database ( Jan 1994–Jun 2014), China National Knowledge Infrastructure ( Jan 1994–Jun 2014) and Wanfang Database ( Jan 1997–Jun 2014) in English and Chinese languages. The selection/inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were ascertained by reviewing the relevant literature. The quality of data of RCTs were assessed by two researchers independently. The Stata 12.0 was used to analyze the data to calculate or extract the hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI. Descriptive analysis was used for the articles which are not suitable for meta-analysis. Results The appropriate articles were selected. A analysis of nine articles (including 1 Chinese paper and 8 English papers) suggests that the combination of radiotherapy and surgery for RCTs is more effective than surgery alone (Merge HR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.40-0.74, P=0.000), and there was a statistically significant difference between two groups. Conclusion Retroperitoneal neoplasm patients should receive appropriate radiotherapy at the same time of surgery to improve the prognosis and elevate the survival rate.

 DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.05.10


With the growth of the world population and the ever-new technologies emerging from RD Faber & Manstetten, 2003). They have constrained first nature and later life since their beginnings and are one of the evolutionary drivers by the "survival of the fittest". Exponential demand growth until reaching a limit seems