In May 2013 the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) commenced a consultative process on its proposed reforms to the advertising of therapeutic goods. If the proposal for advertisements to healthcare professionals is adopted, herbalists, naturopaths, homoeopaths and nutritionists will be removed from Schedule 1 of the Therapeutic Goods Regulations 1990 (Cth). Additionally, these practitioners will no longer be able to receive therapeutic goods advertisements for healthcare professionals from suppliers.


Discrete optimization is a vibrant area of the mathematical sciences devoted to finding optimal solutions given mathematical constraints that describe a finite or countable set of possible answers. For example, a classical problem in discrete optimization is the traveling salesman problem: For given n cities and the costs of traveling from city i to city j, we seek to find the cheapest route that visits each city once and returns to the starting city. Discrete optimization problems naturally arise in many kinds of applications including bioinformatics, telecommunications network design, airline and production scheduling, VLSI design, and efficient resource allocation, to name just a few. At the same time, the calculation of solutions requires sophisticated mathematics, for instance, there are deep connections between semidefinite optimization models and real algebraic geometry. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together researchers in the theory of discrete optimization who work in North America (only two researchers came from Spain). The goal was to strengthen the community of North American discrete-optimization researchers and to support the emerging group on this topic in Mexico.


To meet the demand of educational modernization, traditional resources of education were reformed and blended in the process of modern transformation of education and had facilitated establishing the modern education system. The development of the academy in later Qing Dynasty reflected this historical rationality. Under the double influences of social change and the increasing decline of the academy system, the academy of later Qing Dynasty completed its modern transformation by three interwoven processes, i.e. endeavoring to revive the tradition of the academy, establishing a new type of academy and changing the academy into the school. It is argued that this transformation promoted the establishment of China's modern educational system and therefore established a permanent connection with modern education.


The article identifies foreign origin conjunctions in the 16 th – 17 th c. Ukrainian language texts. It also traces the source language of the borrowings and analyzes the use of conjunctions in the source language and in the artifacts under analysis. Moreover, further functions of the conjunctions are studied.  Ukrainian-Polish contacts of the 16 th – 17 th c. play an important role within the system of inter-Slavonic relations. They were predetermined by territorial proximity, political and economic interests and links in various fields of social and cultural life, as well as due to closely allied nature of the languages. On the basis of the card index of a historical dictionary of the 16 th – 17 th c. and personal observations, we could identify 30 foreign conjunctions borrowed directly from the Polish language, as well as from Check and Latin that entered the Ukrainian language through Polish. In Ukrainian artifacts of the 16 th – 17 th c., researchers identify such coordinate conjunctions as 'ал(ь)бо' ('алболи'), 'алиясъ', 'атоли', 'леч', 'чили', a.o., and such subordinate conjunctions as 'ал(ь)бовем' ('бовем'), 'ачкольвек', 'поневаж', a.o. One of the most widespread coordinate Polish-borrowed conjuncts in the texts under analysis is a conjunction 'албо'. It expresses punctuating, explanatory and identifying semantic and syntactic relations. The borrowing was first fixed in the Ukrainian language back in the 14 th c., while its active spread can be traced in the 16 th – 17 th c. mostly in the language of courts. The latter can be explained by the fact that scribes were keeping records in Ukrainian and Polish. In modern Ukrainian literary language, conjunction 'албо' is not used. Some dialectologists recorded its use in some Ukrainian South-West and North vernaculars. Another widely used conjunction that came into Ukrainian from Polish in the 16 th c. is an adversative conjunction 'леч'. The conjunction stopped being actively used in the Ukrainian language approximately in the 18 th c. Instead, the normative dictionaries of the Polish and Check languages record it with a restriction mark of 'bookish'. One more coordinate conjunction with an explanatory identifying function which was borrowed from Latin through Polish is 'алиас'. In the Ukrainian language of the period under research, the use of this conjunction is mostly traced in register books. It might be explained by the second wave of Latinizing of the Ukrainian registry offices of the time, as well as by the fact that Ukrainian scribes used cliches typical for Latin and Polish recordkeeping. As to subordinate conjuncts, we could identify a widely used polonism conjunction 'абовэм'. It expresses causative semantic syntactic relations. In addition, there is another causative conjunction in the texts under study which entered the Ukrainian language from Check via Polish. It is 'поневаж'. The word resulted from a semantic modification of old use 'поневаже'. In the 16 th – 17 th c. Ukrainian language, it was traced in artifacts of religious, official business and academic styles. As a means of expressing causative semantic syntactic relations, it was recorded in the Ukrainian language of the first half of the 19 th c. in the Grammar book by I. Mohylnytskyi. As a phonetic variation, it is preserved in the language of the Lemkos as 'поневач'. In other Slavonic languages, such as Check and Polish, the conjunction 'поневаж' (poněvadž, poniewaz) is fixed to express the functions of cause, time, and assumption. As to modern Ukrainian literary language, the conjunction 'поневаж' is not used here. To express a function of assumption in compound syntactic constructions in the texts under research, the following Polish borrowed conjunction can be traced - 'ачкольвекъ'/ 'ачкольве'. A second component in the conjunction is particle '-кольвекь/u', '-кольве' to stand for 'generalization' ("partykula uogolniająca"). It is the particle that expresses the assumptive function of this conjunction. Since the 17 th c., the use of conjunction 'aczkolwiek' in the Polish language has been narrowed, even though it was codified in the 19 th c. lexicographic works and is normative for modern Polish language. Therefore, tracing of borrowed conjunctions in the 16 th – 17 th c. Ukrainian language artifacts proves that most of them penetrated the Ukrainian language directly from the source language, which is Polish. The number of conjunctions entering Ukrainian via the mediation of Polish is much lower. The borrowed conjunctions under analysis are first recorded in the Ukrainian speaking domain in the 16 th c., in particular from the period when Ukraine was going through historical, political, and national cultural change. It is notable that the use of the borrowings was recorded in different genres of texts, while the main source of their usage are register books and polemic treatises. Запозичення з полоьської иови в українських пам'ятках XVI–XVII ст ISSN 2078-5534 Вісник Львівського університету. Серія філологічна. 2015. Випуск 63 __________________________________________________________________________________ 137 The borrowed conjunctions have not entered a normative dictionary of the Ukrainian language. Some of them (such as 'албо', 'поневаж' ('поневач') are still used in dialect speak, unlike in modern Polish language where they are part of literary norm. The presented overview of conjunctions recorded in the 16 th – 17 th c. Ukrainian language artifacts does not exhaust the problem of functioning Polish borrowed lexemes in particular, and borrowings in general. Instead, it offers new ground for research of Ukrainian-Polish language relations. Key words: conjunction, Ukrainian-Polish contacts, borrowings, artifact, particle, syntactic constructions.


The rise of knowledge economy is the result of the development of productivity and the inevitable trend of human progress. Knowledge economy has brought about drastic changes in industrial structure and become the leading industry in advanced countries. It also results in changed life style and value orientation. The industrial revolution 300 years ago ended feudalism and established the capitalist way of production. Today mankind is at a historical turning point. The information revolution and knowledge economy will bring changes in social productive power, productive relations and superstructure, produce abundant wealth, and eliminate three differences. As a result of that, public ownership of productive material replaces private ownership of that, regulation by plan replaces regulation by market, fixed labor division disappears and work becomes man's first need. Alienation exists no more, and man's potential is given fullest development.


These days there is a strong push for geologists to invest in sophisticated turnkey mapping systems that cost tens of thousands of dollars and require beastial hardware. This article suggests the use of the software program QKPLOT, which takes a spreadsheet of well data and instantly turns it into a base map. This method is fast, easy, and inexpensive.


This thesis analyses EMU policy framework,its characteristics and the general economic development in EMU.The conclusion is that the framework of monetary and fiscal policy is successful.It ensures the economic stabilization in EMU,but it doesn't change into economic growth dynamics.EMU accelerates the integration of European economy,especially the financial integration.


The objective of this analysis is to identify issues and criteria that apply to the design of the Subsurface Emplacement Transportation System (SET). The SET consists of the track used by the waste package handling equipment, the conductors and related equipment used to supply electrical power to that equipment, and the instrumentation and controls used to monitor and operate those track and power supply systems. Major considerations of this analysis include: (1) Operational life of the SET; (2) Geometric constraints on the track layout; (3) Operating loads on the track; (4) Environmentally induced loads on the track; (5) Power supply (electrification) requirements; and (6) Instrumentation and control requirements. This analysis will provide the basis for development of the system description document (SDD) for the SET. This analysis also defines the interfaces that need to be considered in the design of the SET. These interfaces include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) Waste handling building; (2) Monitored Geologic Repository (MGR) surface site layout; (3) Waste Emplacement System (WES); (4) Waste Retrieval System (WRS); (5) Ground Control System (GCS); (6) Ex-Container System (XCS); (7) Subsurface Electrical Distribution System (SED); (8) MGR Operations Monitoring and Control System (OMC); (9) Subsurface Facility System (SFS); (10) Subsurface Fire Protection System (SFR); (11) Performance Confirmation Emplacement Drift Monitoring System (PCM); and (12) Backfill Emplacement System (BES).


Fostering talents is the fundamental task for universities,and promoting the teaching quality is the eternal topic.And greatly promoting innovation in teaching administration is essential for the promotion of teaching quality.The connotation of teaching administration is to improve the teaching administration staff's competences,and innovate the teaching administration system;innovation in teaching administration is the urgent demand of the development of the present situation;greatly promoting the innovation of teaching administration,putting emphasis on the building of teaching administration team,and inspiring the potentials of the teaching administration staff,are the keys to push teaching administration to incessant innovation and development.Only by using modern measures of administration,reforming the elements of teaching administration,and advancing the levels of teaching administration,can the teaching quality be enhanced.


ARCINOMA OF THE VAGINA OCCURRING IN C infants and children is so rare that occasionally i t is omitted from the differential diagnosis of tumors arising at this site. The occurrence of 4 instances of vaginal carcinoma among a group of 27 malignant tumors primary in the lower genital tract of young girls observed over a 20-year period prompted a review of previous experience with 10 similar tumors found in the literature.l.395-799% 12, l3,


This abstract describes progress of the Tapeswy wide-area overlay network infrastructure, current experimental results on muting efficiency, locality and fanh-tolerante, along with the design and implementation of a wide-area multicast system called Bayeux. Tapestry is an infrastructure approach to solving several key challenges in building novel large-scale network applications, including scalability, fault-tolerance, and adaptability in the wide-area. Tapestry solves these issues as an overlay network application infrastructure. It provides network location services in the form of mapping globally unique object IDs to server locations, and message muting services given the unique ID of the destination node. Identifiers are randomly assigned 160 bit strings. Messages are routed using a hop-by-hop incremental m~rehing of node IDs to the destination node. Objects are dislributed acruss random embedded trees, and a fuuction maps each object-ID to the node-ID of its "root node.'" Insertion involves usin 8 inter-node muting pointers to find the root, while placing pointers to the object on intervening hops. Queries also use routing pointers to find the destination root, but terminate when they intersect hops with the desired object pointers. For each possible suffix length, each node keeps muting links m its "closest" neighbors with the common suffix that differs in the next digit. This results in good locality and distribution, and mutes with at most Lo~(# of Nodes) hops, where b is the base. This scheme simplifies corrupted pointer detection, scales via random object disIributinn, and has natural redundancy resulting in resilience against intermediate node failures and small network partitions. Compared to gimilar overlay systems like C.hord [3] and Content


With the main material of filming like cross-linking starch,adding plasticizer like glycerin and increaser like sodium alginate,cross-linking starch film were made.The technology and reference data of laboratory and industrialized manufacture on cross-linking starch film were studied in this article.The results showed the technology and reference data of laboratory manufacture on cross-linking starch film were:dissolving cross-linking starch in water,heating it,meanwhile stirring in the frame way with the speed of 180r/min,degassing 15min under the vacuum of 0.095MPa,scraping to film on the chrome-plating-steel board,then drying it 6h under the constant temperature of 50℃,drenching with water evenly,taking off the film and keeping in reserve.The technology and reference data of industrialized manufacture on cross-linking starch film were:dissolving cross-linking starch in water in double layer pot,heating it,meanwhile stirring with the speed of 40r/min,scraping to film on the red copper belt and its speed was 1r/min,then ventilating water vapor to heat in dryer,with the water vapor pressure of 0.20MPa(surface pressure),rolling up the film,packaging it and keeping in reserve.This technology has been tested successfully and can be applied in expanding production.


The author of poems inscribed on paintings usually creates aesthetic images in various perspectives in order to enrich the implicat ions. Such poems start form aesthetic activities and then carry them a step furt her into an exploration of the philosophy of life and quest for artistic truth. Between the lines one can always discern the light of sparkling wisdom of art an d philosophy. Poetry and painting present themselves as the main aesthetic subje cts while referring to each other as the aesthetic objects so that objectivity c an be viewed in the light of subjectivity with the latter mirroring itself throu gh the former.


This research was carried out in 2021 to determine the fruit, leaf and stomata characteristics of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) genotypes grown in two separate orchards in Şanlıurfa province, which has arid and semi-arid ecological conditions in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. In the jujube genotypes examined in the study; fruit weight was 2.78-20.28 g, fruit length was 21.77-39.47 mm, fruit width was 18.62-37.23 mm, leaf area was 3.11-7.01 cm2, leaf width was 1.31-2.65 cm and leaf length was 3.29-5.09 cm. In the jujube genotypes, the number of stomata is 323.30 units mm-2 (Cultur Jujube)-333.31 units mm-2 (Wild Jujube), mean stomatal length and width are 27.22 (Wild Jujube)-28.00 µm (Cultur Jujube) and 18.21 (Wild Jujube)-20.05 µm (Cultur Jujube). According to these results, it was determined that the number of stomata, stomata width and length values of the Wild Jujube genotype, which has a smaller leaf area, did not differ from the Cultur Jujube genotype. In this respect, it is thought that the jujube plant can be used successfully in afforestation studies in arid and semi-arid ecologies, due to the fact that the stomatal density per unit area is higher than other species.


The answer, for many systems, is to focus on the motion profile instead. In the past ten years advanced profiling features such as asymmetric acceleration/deceleration, 7-segment S-curve profiling, change-on-the-fly, and electronic camming have become widely available, providing engineers with new tools to make machines work faster and better. This article will take you through the mathematics of motion profiles, discuss which profiles work best for which applications, and provide insights into how to "tune" your profile for maximum performance.


Not all of the protocol security flaws described at the SSR2014 conference were discovered using these new automated techniques. Several significant findings were the result of more traditional methods. These findings included flaws in standardized and deployed protocols, as well as important innovations to improve and extend the capabilities of long-used cryptographic techniques. Based on these results, we can look forward to products that eliminate these flaws and offer improved security and privacy.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide a rapid monitoring of the recent patterns and trends of urban growth in the north of Jordan as a result of increasing refugee fluxes from nearby cou...


When a major accident or crisis occurs in Sweden, helicopters from the Swedish armed forces can be used for medical-, transportation-, SAR- (search and rescue), and aerial firefighting missions. Si ...


Most of the experimental work previously done in animals in order to study the ocular blood supply and hydrodynamics has been performed during general anesthesia. I t is quite possible, however, that the general anesthesia itself to some extent may influence the various factors responsible for the ocular blood supply, such as blood pressure, intraocular pressure and the peripheral vascular resistence. In order to investigate this possibility, dynamic tonometry (Hurrven 1968) was performed during Nembutal (pentobarbital sodium) anesthesia on two rabbits by one of us (I. H.) with a corneal pulse amplitude recorded close to zero as a result. This preliminary finding initiated the present study which offers the results obtained by dynamic tonometry performed before, following premedication and during general anesthesia in human beings.


Hutchinson33 records a case of mysosis fungoides in which the whole surface of the body, with the exception of the genitals, was almost uniformly involved. No definite tumours, however, were present. The patient steadily got worse in spite of treatment, but, unfortunately, no post-mortem examination was made. Roberts39 records another case of granuloma fungoides occurring in a woman forty-five years of age. Four or five years before, she had suffered from pruritus, but during the last year the entire cutaneous surface had become affected with tumours. These tumours were very numerous on the chest and had


This paper proposes a new optimization model for pricing and demand scheduling in a grid-connected local energy community (LEC), including residential homes (consumers and prosumers), and combined heat and power (CHP) generation units. It is assumed that some homes have photovoltaic (PV) generation, electric vehicles (EVs), or both. A central entity is responsible for managing the EVs' charging and discharging process, and for scheduling energy exchanges among homes. Moreover, the central entity is responsible for setting the LEC-price for the energy exchanged between CHP producers and homes, and among homes themselves. We model and solve the problem with a mixed binary non-linear programming (MBNLP) approach with the objective to maximize the total benefit of consumers/prosumers. The LEC-price is set based on demand and supply. The proposed approach is applied to a case study with 100 homes and 5 CHP generation units, and the results are reported for three different electricity grid tariffs A, B, and C. The results suggest 12%, 10% and 23% cost reduction in comparison with not considering the LEC respectively for tariffs A, B, and C.


Unlike modern designs, for example the list of passwords with a trademark tree, we create a certified certification company called Good Medicine. We provide more information about PoS and Dynamic PoS. If one of the researchers wants to determine the authenticity of the file, select periodically some of the file indexes from the file and transfer them to the cloud server. We have the best understanding, does not support the current packaging this way. We have developed a new tool called the ideal HAT. We have highlighted the best requirements for many cloud storage systems and have provided a PN incentive. Powerful PoSs cannot add current to many easy-to-use features. Given the problem of building diversity and labeling, the current system cannot be extended to the strong PoS system. Most of the cloud storage system that needs the client needs a client to remove client-side duplication, allowing the person to bypass the download and upload files as soon as other file owners send this information to the cloud server. Reduce the costs of linking both the last stage manager and the deduction department to the target level of the account. We have shown safety in our design, as well as refine the results of teaching and evaluation that show that the building we use works well. On this page, we introduce storage concept for the latest storage, remove a unique layout called Dipus, get strong PoS and cancel multiple user cancellation, at the same time.


Bo-he Yeh's "Zhongguo yin yue shi" is, as its title suggests, the first general history of Chinese music. It was published in two parts. The first part was published by the author in 1922. The second part, published in 1929, appeared in "The Sichuan Daily Supplement". Even though it was the first documented history of Chinese music, this book was soon forgotten; it literally disappeared in the literature of Chinese music history until its republication in 1992. Despite its simple, brief discussion of Chinese music history, "Zhongguo yin yue shi" served as a pioneer of the writing of music history in Chinese culture. Yeh based the methodology inherent in the writing of Western music history to introduce Chinese music history. Therefore, this work reflects a collision between historical musicology in Western music tradition and traditional Chinese music, a collision that took place in the early 20th century. Based on the perspectives of historical musicology in Western culture and comparative musicology (later known as ethnomusicology), as well as the manner of research and analysis in historical musicology, Yeh re-constructed the history of traditional Chinese music. From numerous historical documents, which he used as his reference sources, Yeh searched for the elements representing "music in itself" in order to re-define the history of Chinese music. In this essay, I use "Zhongguo yin yue shi" as my major source and complement my discussion of this source with the historical context of early 20th-century China and Yeh's biography. I aim to re-evaluate this work, showing its significance in the context of the development of Chinese music history in the early 20th century.


This study is based on the analysis of 422 autopsies of dead bodies in the Smolensk Clinical Emergency Hospital, and includes the statistical evaluation of the results. Such factors as gender, age, nosological characteristics, distribution of the patients in the hospital departments were analyzed. All the results were compared with the corresponding data of the references. Some predominance of female autopsies was identified (52,4%). Fatal outcomes were more often observed at the age from 50 to 90, and this index dominated in the group of 76-80 years old. The analyzed data showed the predominance of fatal outcomes due to circulatory diseases, and as for inpatient departments, the predominance of fatal outcomes was observed in therapeutical departments. In general, the studied indices correspond to the main causes of death in Russia. The analysis revealed some opportunities to increase life expectancy. Therefore, we can make a conclusion that in a certain percentage of cases changes in the life style and giving up smoking and drinking may contribute to the increase of life expectancy.


Because of the high temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of microwave cavity in Hydrogen frequency standard,a new crystal named SrTiO_3 is adopted whose temperature coefficient is opposite to sapphire.Through computer simulations,the frequency-temperature compensated resonator is designed and optimized.And also SrTiO_3 is compared to rutile,Finally an experament is brought for- ward based on the simulation.The experiment result is very close to the simulation.When the width of SiTiO_3 crystal is 8 mm and the dia.is 17 mm,the temperature coefficient changes from-66 kHz/℃to- 10.35 kHz/℃.


A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2018 in the farmer's field at Agadi village (Tq: Hubballi) in Dharwad district to investigate the "Effect of cow urine foliar spray on quality attributes and chemical characteristics of Byadgi chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in a Vertisol". Experiment consisted of 12 treatments with three replications laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design. Results revealed that, two foliar applications of 15 per cent cow urine one each at 60 and 90 DAT recorded highest colour value (201.65 ASTA units), closely followed by treatment that received two sprays of 10 per cent cow urine on 60 + 90 DAT (194.50 ASTA units). Highest oleoresin content (20.23%) was noticed in the treatment that received 15 per cent cow urine spray on 60 + 90 DAT which was on par with treatment that received two sprays of 10 per cent cow urine (19.56%). Highest capsaicin content (0.16%) was recorded in the treatment that received 15 % cow urine spray at 60 DAT as well as cow urine spray at 60 DAT + 90 DAT and also 50 ppm NAA spray at 60 DAT. Original Research Article Shaziya et al.; IJPSS, 32(6): 1-8, 2020; Article no.IJPSS.55380 2 Foliar spray of cow urine did not significantly influenced the total ash, total sugars and total ether extract contents in fruits which ranged from 5.95 to 6.96, 18.20 to 19.89 and 14.10 to 15.20 per cent respectively. Treatment that received one spray of 15 per cent cow urine on 90 DAT recorded numerically highest (6.96%) total ash closely followed by treatment (6.83%) that received five per cent foliar spray at 60 + 90 DAT. Treatment that received two sprays of 15 per cent cow urine recorded numerically highest (19.89%) total sugars closely followed by treatment (19.78%) that received 5 per cent foliar spray at 90 DAT. Treatment that received two sprays of 10 per cent cow urine recorded highest total ether extract (15.20%) closely followed by treatment (14.93%) that received 5 per cent foliar spray at 60 + 90 DAT.


Background: Invasive bacterial disease, which could result from bacterial colonization, continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze correlations between preceding viral or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and bacterial colonization or invasive bacterial diseases in China. Methods: From January 2006 to December 2013, nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were obtained from children admitted to Children's Hospital of Soochow University. Common pathogens and bacterial colonization were detected using direct immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction, and bacterial culture. During the same period, cases with culture-confirmed invasive bacterial diseases were collected. Correlations between preceding viral or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, bacterial colonization, and invasive bacterial disease were analyzed. Results: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (24.9%) was the most common respiratory pathogen, followed by respiratory syncytial virus (15.7%) and human bocavirus (7.1%). Meanwhile, the most common bacterial colonizations were Streptococcus pneumoniae (12.7%), Haemophilus influenzae (4.9%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (3.7%). Septicemia was one of the most common invasive bacterial diseases. Human bocavirus was correlated with Streptococcus pneumoniae whereas influenza virus B, parainfluenza virus 3, and adenovirus were correlated with Haemophilus influenza. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was correlated with Moraxella catarrhalis. However, only respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumonia were correlated with invasive bacterial disease. There were strong correlations between preceding viral or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, bacterial colonization, and invasive bacterial disease. Conclusion: Prevention of virus or Mycoplasma pneumonia infection may ultimately be an important strategy to control invasive bacterial disease.


The multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) framework plays an important role in the process of designing aerodynamic shape and has attracted much attention from the domestic and oversea researchers. For the domestic researchers, they usually develop the MDO framework based on commercial software, which results in the lack of proprietary software. To address this issue, we take advantage of various open source software and toolkits to develop an MDO framework. During the development process, we strictly follow the modular and software engineering strategies. Our framework has many features, such as (1) integrating many analysis programs within several disciplines, (2) encapsulating many optimization algorithms, (3) supporting local and backend large scale computation, and (4) handling the persistent storage with relational database. We have performed a multidisciplinary and multi-object design targeting certain spacecraft. The obtained results are quite accordant with those by the manual work, but the former one comes with more automation.


The model described is designed to project the costs of electricity generated from liquid dominated hydrothermal resources. It is presented in the form of an interactive computer program called GELCOM, written in Fortran IV, together with an analytic explanation of the methodology. GELCOM starts from resource data and estimates the capital and operating costs for the production field and electrical generating plant. The methodology implemented in GELCOM to determine the engineering cost, operating parameter estimates, and the levelized busbar cost is described. The output displayed by GELCOM for one prospect is explained. The input data files maintained in the computer system and the input data card formats are included. A sample session with GELCOM and the economic reports which may be generated from the GELCOM are illustrated. A completed listing of the computer program is given in an appendix. (MHR)


The site whose excavation is here recorded is a small kite-shaped enclosure all but obliterated by ploughing. It is situated (ST (179) 942197; 6-inch sheet ST 91 NW) at the southern tip of a spur known as Berwick Down 1 mile north of the village of Tollard Royal on the borders of Wiltshire and Dorset. It is surrounded on its south or downhill side by a semi-circular bank and ditch. The locality has been recently described briefly by H. C. Bowen and P. Fowler whose plan (1966, 46–8, fig. 2) is here reproduced (fig. 2). The other two sites occupying the 16 acres of the spur comprise: (1) An Iron Age settlement to the north consisting of a concentration of unenclosed pits, a large round house demarcated by a pennanular palisade groove and two cross-dykes. (2) A circular enclosure 2½ acres in extent containing Romano-British hut platforms and crossed in its southern sector by a modern fence. To the north of this fence the earthworks have never been ploughed and are in a state of preservation, only too rarely found in southern England. To the south of the fence the downland has been heavily ploughed over a number of years. The earthworks of the kite-shaped enclosure had become so degraded that in 1962 the Ministry of Public Building and Works initiated a trial excavation under the direction of Mr E. Greenfield. With the assistance of Miss V. Russell, Mr Greenfield covered the area with a 10 foot grid of test-holes which were expanded into trenches when required. In 1965 the site was put down to grass and the earthworks planned in the spring by members of the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, by which time the bank and ditch of the kite-shaped enclosure were virtually invisible. In August and September of that year the interior of the enclosure was completely stripped by the author on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works.


Abstract In pot experiments with greatly differing rates of N, P, K and S, two levels of Ca and three levels of water, dry matter (DM) yields of carrot roots varied from 27 to 320 g pot−1. Yields were reduced most by P and least by S deficiency. Total-N and NO3-N concentrations varied from 0.56% to 1.98% and from 0 to 883 ppm in DM, respectively. Both N applications and K deficiency caused increases in total-N and NO3-N. S applications increased total-S content from 0.056% to 0.120% in DM, of which between 61% and 30% was found in methionine + cystine. Total-N/total-S ratios decreased from 23 to 10 with S applications. Increasing P and K applications increased their content in DM twofold and fivefold, respectively. Iron, zinc, manganese and copper contents varied from 17 to 27, 15 to 35, 24 to 120 and 3.2 to 5.9 ppm in DM, respectively. Increasing N contents, whether due to N applications or nutrient or water stress, decreased the content (g per 16 g N) of essential amino acids in protein (%N 6.25). Only ...


Reaction of 2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylamine with a suspension of nitrosyl sulphuric acid, followed by the reaction with a solution of ethyl 2,3-dicyanopropionate in acetic acid, gave 5-amino-3-cyano-l-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrazole (1), which was then reacted with acetic anhydride to give 2a, reacted with maleic anhydride to give 2b, and reacted with benzoyl chloride to give 2c. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectra.


The effect of thermal velocities on beam formation and PPM focused beam transport, including cathode edge emission, are studied. MICHELLE simulations of a Ka-Band electron gun are presented that include a thermal beam emission model for a hot cathode, and these are compared to "cold" beam simulation results. Details of the MICHELLE thermal beam model are described, including an explanation of different options for configuring the model in the user interface, and which settings were used. The effects of thermal velocity spread on beam-wave interaction in a Ka-Band CC-TWT are discussed with applications to interaction code simulations.


Perhaps no other figure in recent history has had the wide-reaching impact of the man many know simply as "The Greatest." For four decades Muhammad Ali has been a symbol of honesty and strength in sports, politics, religion, and civil rights. Throughout his remarkable career, Ali was one who truly had to be seen to be believed. But while Ali's achievements have frequently been chronicled in prose, never before has his extraordinary career been documented in images. Muhammad Ali: Ringside is dedicated to one of the most popular athlete-entertainers of all time. Included are vintage posters and programs, fight tickets, handwritten letters, classic photographs, speeches, scorecards, contracts, and rare autographs -- all from Ali's personal memorabilia. Divided chronologically into four sections, one for each decade from the 1960s to the 1990s, the book includes written narrative recountings of Ali's accomplishments by noted writers and entertaining quotes from Ali's contemporaries.


The article gives the schedule of hours for the library and then spends most of the time on a short bio of Ed Walters, who had been appointed as director earlier in the summer. The article is accompanied by a photo of Dr. Walters.


We consider the problem of adaptation to the margin in binary classification. We suggest a penalized empirical risk minimization classifier that adaptively attains, up to a logarithmic factor, fast optimal rates of convergence for the excess risk, that is, rates that can be faster than n -1/2 , where n is the sample size. We show that our method also gives adaptive estimators for the problem of edge estimation.


In this paper,a dispatching algorithm is proposed for artillery air defense simulative system which includes scattered events and continuous events In the algorithm,absolute clock and relative clock are developed to dispatch those hybrid events in implementing simulation By using this algorithm,the complexity of event and activity could be simplified \;


We consider time-dependent perturbations by unbounded potentials of Schrodinger operators with scalar and magnetic potentials which are almost critical for the selfadjointness. We show that the corresponding time-dependent Schrodinger equations generate a unique unitary propagator if perturbations of scalar and magnetic potentials are differentiable with respect to the time variable and they increase at the spatial infinity at most quadratically and at most linearly, respectively, where both have mild local singularities. We use time-dependent gauge transforms and apply Kato's abstract theorem on evolution equations.


In humanoid robotic platforms, classical inverse kinematics algorithms, based on L2-regularization of joint velocities or accelerations, tends to engage the motion of all the available degrees of freedom, resulting in movements of the whole robot structure, which are inherently not sparse. The role of sparsity in motion control has recently gained interest in the robotics community for various reasons, e.g., human-like motions, and human-robot interaction, actuation parsimony, yet an exhaustive mathematical analysis is still missing. In order to address this topic, we here propose and compare possible sparse optimization approaches applied to hierarchical inverse kinematics for humanoid robots. This is achieved through LASSO regression and MILP optimization to resolve the IK problem. A first order formulation of the sparse regression problem is further introduced to reduce chattering on the joint velocity profiles. This article presents the theory behind the proposed approaches and performs a comparison analysis based on simulated and real experiments on different humanoid platforms.


The habitat selection of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) was studied from August 2003 to August 2004 in Shangyong protected area in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, Yunnan,China. Village visiting and transect were used to survey the habitat utilization of Asian elephant. The transects were made about 2 km each through the elephant habitat and data were collected on vegetation type, vegetation aboundance, geography parameters (aspect, slope, location etc.), elevation, population status, frequency of elephant sightings,and other wildlife sighting were recorded.A total of 109 elephant trace points were tracked.3S(GIS,GPS,RS) technology was used to analyze the data obtained from field surveys and satellite images. Vanderploge and Scavia′s selectivity index was used to assess Asian elephant′s selection for the different habitat parameters. The results indicated that Asian elephant preferred to select habitat with an altitude less than 1 000 meters,a slope less than 10°,and locations in valleies, with a north and south orientation. The selected habitats were bamboo-evergreen broadleaf mixed forest, shrub and grassland. Asian elephants preferred dense coverage shrub layer and an arbor layer with lower height, dense canopy and small trunk radius. It was also found that the loss of suitable habitat and the illegal hunting for ivory were two major threats the survival of Asian elephants in Shangyong protected area. How to prevent the habitat loss and fragmentation, and how to efficiently control the poaching will be key tasks to the elephant conservation efforts in Xishuangbanna.


The present invention relates to a new connector system that allows reversible, fast and secure table or other flat surface construction materials bonding. The connector system is based on one of the parts to be joined has a set of hooks or male linear serial arrangement whose spacing matches that holds a set of dies or female in serial arrangement comprising the second part to be joined. The dies or females are characterized by the bottle shape. Hooks or male only be inserted into the dies or female sliding. # The connector system may have one or more linear series of hooks or die. # The connector system allows connecting structural elements, such as tables, or boards, either each other or by a free connector element that adjusts and assembled. In the first case, the structural elements can be stamped series of male or female, or have attached thereto or attached parts for which such dies. In the second case, one or several structural panels may have a connector, male or female, and the free connector element have the corresponding female or male. This free connector by sliding element allows attachment of a panel or several panels. # The connector system allows building quickly without tools and reversibly structures as diverse eat temporary stands, packaging, estucheria, wooden constructions or concrete.


Information technology has been greatly used in elementary education.But some of the teachers have some misconceptions about using multi-media aids for teaching.The author of this paper gives some suggestions of how to use the multi-media aids effectively.


In the present study, an integrated computer-aided engineering platform has been developed for fixture design. Different computer aids needed for an automated fixture design system include geometrical modelling, finite element analysis, specialised mathematical tools, such as screw theory, and also artificial intelligence routines. It has been illustrated through several examples that the Python environment is a capable candidate to be employed for developing an integrated platform capable of providing these computer-aided tools. For this purpose, different specialised modules were developed, including a CAD system for geometrical modelling of workpiece, a mathematical analysis module for designing the locating system by using the screw theory, a FEM module being employed for support system design and an expert fixture planning module. The developed platform has also been examined for its capability to be interfaced with existing commercial CAD, FEM and expert system programmes.


The use of electron diffraction in structural studies of fibrous polymers is complicated by the presence of an intense background associated with inelastic scattering. A method of digital processing is described which effectively removes the undesirable features of this background. The method is also applicable in low-angle X-ray diffraction studies.


At the Ainu Culture Festival I attended in 2010, an ensemble of twelve young adults called Team Nikaop performed what they describe as "restorations" (fukugen) of Ainu ceremonial music and dance incorporating historical videos and other documents. This article explores the way that images of Ainu ceremonial music and dance used in Japanese museums and tourist centres throughout the 20th century are recontextualized through subtle gestures in Team Nikaop's restorations onstage and behaviour offstage and in everyday life to balance old stereotypes with new meanings that contribute to the festival's goal of garnering respect for Ainu culture.


A series of isostructural 1D coordination polymers (CPs), [Cu4X4(L)2]n where X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3), have been synthesized via the reaction of Cu(I) halides with tris[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]phosphine (L). 1D chains of these CPs are built up by alternating stair-step [Cu4X4] modules bridged by "PyCH2CH2P" ligand arms. At ambient temperature, the titled polymers exhibit strong luminescence, the color of which is tuned by the halogen atoms spanning from deep-blue (λmax = 448 nm, for X = I) to green (λmax = 520 nm, for Cl) through cyan (λmax = 490 nm, for Br). The emission lifetimes fall close to the 13–24 μs region at 300 K, and PL quantum yields (45–62%) are the highest among yet known emitters bearing stair-step [Cu4X4] units. A combination of spectral studies and (TD)DFT computations suggests that the emission of the CPs represents phosphorescence stemmed from the 3(M + X)LCT excited states.


Contemporary human rights norms originated in the West and are in some tension with the cultural practices of developing nations. The distinctive African charter of rights stresses peoples' rights, questioning the liberal focus on the rights of individuals. Yet with regard to economic rights, Africa and the West face a similar human rights challenge, though for different reasons. The zero-sum politics generated by extreme want guarantee that African people will not escape oppression, poverty, and violence through multiparty politics and free markets alone. Effective commitment to economic rights is needed. This commitment will challenge both existing patterns of power in Africa and the presuppositions of liberal understandings of rights in the West. Only a new consensus in Africa and the West on an inclusive understanding of rights- both civil/political and social /economic /cultural- holds hope for the betterment of African societies.


'As for the bodily temper of man and his Brain… a very little distemper of the brain… is enough to represent Spirits, Angels and Devils, Sights and Stories of Heaven and Hell to the Fancy… which sober kind of madnesses and delineation (is) little understood vulgarly'.


Polymerization reactions of a new aldehyde-functional benzoxazine (4HBA-a) were investigated in detail. The curing behavior of 4HBA-a was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) methods. The results indicate that the disappearance of the aldehyde group from 4HBA-a and the ring-opening reaction of 4HBA-a occur simultaneously. Gases evolved during the curing process of 4HBA-a were analyzed by thermogravimetric analyzer interfaced with FTIR spectra. The elimination of CO2 is attributed to the oxidation and decarboxylation of the aldehyde groups. In addition, the crosslink sites of the aldehyde groups in the polymer structure are confirmed by model reactions. A possible reactive position should be sited in ortho position of phenol rather than ortho and/or para positions of N-phenyl ring. Finally, the crosslinked structures of polymerized 4HBA-a have been proposed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011


Vitamin D was discovered in the 1920s. Its application in clinical practice successfully cures rickets in childhood and osteomalacia in adulthood. Analysis of its structure elucidated that vitamin D is actually fat-soluble sterol compounds. Continual research for near a centry indicate vitamin D can not only regulate the balance of calcium phosphorus metabolism in body and eventually affect bone health,but also modulate immune activity,cellular proliferation and differentiation. Because of its important functions in a variety of physiological processes,lack of vitamin D is associated with incidence and development of a broader range of human diseases. Starting from classic functions of vitamin D,the paper focus more on some of its new functions,especially on production of parathyroid hormone,diabetes and cancers.


In aspect-oriented programming, we can encapsulate cross-cutting concerns scattered over many modules in a system. There are many stud- ies for detecting candidates of cross-cutting concerns called aspect mining, and automation of it. However, existing all aspect mining tools are batch processing system aiming for large systems. Compared with ex- isting batch-type tools, this paper propose an online- type aspect mining tool. The online-type aspect min- ing tool enables us to make cross-cutting concerns as- pect modules during a coding stage. Therefore, it is possible to use it also for a small-scale project which has just started.


To improve multicultural counselor education, the cognitive domain portion of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives (knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation) is melded with five dimensions to subjectively measure and monitor the cultural knowledge and progress of counselors-in-training


The word "mentor" is historically associated with Homer's Odyssey. When Odysseus, the King of Ithaca, departed for the Trojan War, he entrusted Mentor with the responsibility of teaching and caring for his son, Telemachus. Over time, "mentor" became synonymous with an individual engaged in guiding, coaching, and assisting the growth of another person. Consider the importance of these dedicated individuals to health care professions. Future leaders of hospital pharmacy depend on mentors to provide the "light" that guides their career paths. Speaking from personal experience, many individuals have challenged me to invest all of my energy in becoming a better pharmacist and to investigate unknown career options. The Pharmacy Preresidency Program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is geared to providing individuals with a broad array of clinical experiences in hospital pharmacy. As a student in this program, I was assigned a mentor who guided me through my final year of rotations and projects. This individual took the time to assess my career goals and made recommendations about my various career options. During a one-hour conversation, my career goals changed entirely and are now focused on becoming a leader in hospital pharmacy administration. My experience with mentoring programs continues at The Ohio State University Medical Center, where pharmacy residents choose an internal mentor (someone within the organization) who matches well with their career objectives. Obtaining an external advisor is also encouraged, so that students gain an unbiased perspective on possible career avenues. As a Pharmacy Resident, I now face the challenge of converting from the role of a student to that of a preceptor and mentor to students. As a product of programs with active mentoring programs, I consider the following characteristics central to the mentoring experience. Professional Involvement. Involvement in the pharmacy profession takes place at many levels from local to national activities and organizations. Regardless of the level, however, mentors encouraged me to get involved and stay involved with the organizations that guide our profession. Furthermore, the programs recommended participation in state and national pharmacy organizations so that students were adequately exposed to available opportunities. Nonprofessional Involvement. A key component to surviving the stress of a professional career is balancing your professional life with a separate social life. Open and honest communication between mentor and student involves discussion of how one's mistakes can become learning tools for the future. Moreover, a skillful mentor can instill the desire to achieve by building the individual's confidence and selfesteem. Career Counseling. Many students and residents are eager to know what opportunities exist after formal education; often these opportunities are not apparent. I had little knowledge about the availability and variety of resident positions in the United States. Monthly meetings with my mentor gradually let me explore my personal career aspirations and discover previously unknown opportunities. Relationship Networking. The importance of networking cannot be overstated. The ability of the mentor to place the individual in a situation where he or she can succeed includes exposing the individual to a variety of colleagues. The encounters can potentially lead to other interests, educational experiences, or professional opportunities. Simple introductions are the foundation for many future opportunities, both personal and professional. Mentoring programs are a vital component in the process of preparing the individual to achieve his or her personal and professional goals. A healthy mentoring relationship can also provide the mentor with valuable feedback, thus leading to self-reflection and continuous selfimprovement.


The increased use of Arabic in computer systems makes it necessary to consider the effects of using Arabic script for input and output. Printing Arabic text using dot matrix printers requires special software or firmware. First, character shapes must be developed and loaded into the printer's memory. Secondly, since an Arabic letter can have up to four different shapes depending on its position in the word, a program must be developed to determine which shape of a character is to be printed. This process is called contextual analysis. Dot matrix printers have a character set of 128 codes including control codes, which implies that not all possible shapes of the Arabic alphabet can be loaded into the printer's memory. There are at least two solutions to this problem. One is to delete some of the shapes of certain characters. The other solution involves decomposing some of the shapes into common parts that can be combined to form the desired shape. In our approach, we use a combination of the two solutions. The result of this study is the development of two programs. One program is used to print Arabic text containing English text. The second program prints English text containing Arabic text. The programs change the fount of the printer according to the type of text. Both programs also perform contextual analysis of Arabic text.


Clinical practice in rehabilitation education represents an essential component in the graduate student's course of study and serves as a transition between the didactic learning of the classroom and the employment of the student as a professional counselor. Although the value of clinical practice is well established in master's level rehabilitation education, a number of potential problems currently exist. The author examines several issues related to supervision in clinical practice and provides suggestions for clarification.


Murphy considers the moral implications of the future possibility that certain reproductive technologies could offer the prospect of controlling sexual orientation. He discusses three arguments for and three against prenatal intervention to ensure heterosexual progeny and to avoid homosexual progeny. Interventions would appear to be immoral if motivated by heterosexism, a doctrine asserting the superiority of heterosexuality which Murphy believes is intellectually indefensible in its premises and morally wrong in its consequences. He argues, however, against legally banning the use of interventions to determine sexual orientation because "there are important freedoms to preserve in the domain of reproductive control and because it is not clear that the use of these interventions would adversely affect the interests of existing or future persons."


The present research work proposes a simulation-based tool for short period production planning in industrial plants. The tool has been specifically developed for a real manufacturing system that produces high pressure hoses in the south of Italy. During the developmental phase, an advanced simulation approach, based on programming code and tables for information storage, was adopted. As a result the proposed modelling architecture ensures flexibility and high computational efficiency and allows comparison of the system's performances under different production planning scenarios obtained by applying dispatching rules, Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) algorithms. The suitability of the simulation outputs is ensured by the verification and validation activities carried out in the developmental phase; furthermore, specific subroutines allow the full integration of the simulation model with the company's ERP system.


Based on the investigation and analysis of the present intelligent houses in Shanghai and other cities, this article discusses the intelligence function of the intelligent houses and their system disposal.


One of the largest volume (greater than $1 billion per year) and oldest applications of carbon is as an adsorbent. Yet, researchers continue to find new means to modify and improve the adsorption properties of this seemingly 'simple' material. Modern work focuses on tailoring the 'surface' chemistry to meet specialized needs. For example, great success has been realized in creating surface acid 'functionalities' that allow carbon to remove only selective chemicals from solutions. Applications include removing undesirable species from flows (e.g. cleaning up waste streams) and recovering and concentrating desired species (e.g products from a chemical reactor).


The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard the GOES-16 satellite, which was launched on 19 November 2016, is the first next-generation geostationary weather instrument in the west hemisphere. It has 16 spectral solar reflective and emissive bands located in three focal plane modules (FPM): one visible and near infrared (VNIR) FPM, one midwave infrared (MWIR), and one longwave infrared (LWIR) FPM. All the ABI bands are geometeorically calibrated with new techniques of Kalman filtering and Global Positioning System (GPS) to determine the accurate spacecraft attitude and orbit configuration to meet the challenging image navigation and registration (INR) requirements of ABI data. This study is to validate the ABI navigation and band-to-band registration (BBR) accuracies using the spectrally matched pixels of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) M-band data and the ABI images from the Simultaneous Nadir Observation (SNO) images. The preliminary results showed that during the ABI post-launch product test (PLPT) period, the ABI BBR errors at the y-direction (along the VIIRS track direction) is smaller than at the x-direction (along the VIIRS scan direction). Variations in the ABI BBR calibration residuals and navigation difference to VIIRS can be observed. Note that ABI is not operational yet and the data is experimental and still under testing. Effort is still ongoing to improve the ABI data quality.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To maintain an acceptable tradeoff between providing an adequate coverage area for access point transmissions and mitigating interference that these transmissions cause at nearby access terminals.SOLUTION: In multi-stage transmit power control schemes for an access point 106, a network listen-based algorithm is employed when an access terminal 102 is initialized (e.g., upon power-up), and thereafter a more robust algorithm (e.g., an access terminal assisted algorithm) is employed. In addition, an active access terminal protection scheme is employed (e.g., on a continual basis) to mitigate interference the access point may otherwise induce at a nearby access terminal 104 that is in active communication with another access point 108.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1


The univariate alpha power exponential (APE) distribution has several appealing characteristics. It behaves similarly to Weibull, Gamma, and generalized exponential distributions with two parameters. In this paper, we consider different bivariate mixture models starting with two independent univariate APE models, and, in the latter case, starting from two dependent APE models. Several useful structural properties of such a mixture model (under the assumption of two independent APE distribution) are discussed. Bivariate APE (BAPE), in short, modelled under the dependent set up are also discussed in the context of a copula-based construction. Inferential aspects under the classical and under the Bayesian paradigm are considered to estimate the model parameters, and a simulation study is conducted for this purpose. For illustrative purposes, a well-known motor data is re-analyzed to exhibit the flexibility of the proposed bivariate mixture model.


The Critique Conferences have continued to be held in London in the first week of March. The last but one was on 'What is to be done'. The last one was on the "New Imperialism"? and the speakers included Istvan Meszaros, Mick Cox, Hillel Ticktin, Savas Matsas, Moshe Machover, Latief Parker, Yassmine Mather and Sami Ramidani. The themes involved the nature of the present world economy and the reasons for the war on Iraq, together with the consequences for the political economy of the international situation.


For the DC-DC Boost converter system, this paper employs the finite-time control technique to design a new nonlinear fast voltage regulation control algorithm. Compared with the existing algorithm, the main advantage of the proposed algorithm lies in the fact that it can offer a fast convergent rate, i.e., finite-time convergence. Based on the average state space model of Boost converter system and finite-time control theory, rigorous stability analysis showed that the output voltage converges to the reference voltage in a finite time. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Compared with PI control algorithm, it is shown that the proposed algorithm has a faster regulation performance and stronger robust performance on load-variation.


The aim of this study was to investigate whether umbelliferone (Umb) could attenuate insulin resistance in unpredictable chronic mild stress (CUMS)‐induced rats. Behavioral changes were evaluated through sucrose preference test (SPT), open‐field test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test (TST), suggesting that Umb (20 and 40 mg/kg) could effectively improve depression symptoms. Oral glucose tolerance test and serum insulin indicated that Umb attributed to the control of blood glucose levels. The phosphorylation of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)−1, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, PI3K, and Akt was increased in Umb (20 and 40 mg/kg) treatment according to Western blot analysis. Taken together, the current results suggested the ameliorative effect of Umb against insulin resistance in the CUMS‐induced rats. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(5):403–409, 2016


We report the case of a young patient who had a past history of HSV encefalitis and presented for decreased vision in her left eye associated with pain and red eye.


Frege begins his exposition of the symbol system employed in his Begriffsschrift by introducing the sign ⟝, whereby, he says, "[a] judgment is always to be expressed" (p. 1 ). [The judgment sign] stands to the left of the sign or complex of signs in which the content of the judgment is given. If we omit the little stroke at the left of the horizontal stroke, then the judgment is to be transformed into a mere complex of ideas; the author is not expressing his recognition or nonrecognition of the truth of this. (Pp. 1–2)


developed countries in many ways. Most people are poorer, less educated, more likely to die at a young age, and less knowledgeable about factors that cause, prevent, or cure disease. Biological and physical hazards are more common, which results in greater incidence, disability, and death. Although disease is common, both the people and government have much fewer resources for prevention or medical care. Many efficacious drugs arc too expensive and not readily available for those in greatest need. Salaries are so low that government physicians or nurses must work after-hours in private clinics to feed, clothe, and educate their families. The establishment and maintenance of an epidemiological surveillance system in such an environment requires a differ ent orientation from that found in wealthier nations. The scarcity of resources is a dominant concern. Salaried time spent gathering data is lost to service activities, such as treating gastrointestinal problems or preventing childhood diseases. As a result, components in a surveillance system must be justified, as are purchases of examination tables or radiographic equipment. A costly, extensive surveillance system may cause more harm than good. In this article 1 will define epidemiologic surveillance. 1 also will describe the various components of a surveillance program, show how microcomputers and existing software can be used to increase effectiveness, and illustrate how


Spatial summation to threshold for 2-D motion patterns of rotation, expansion, and deformation has recently been shown for human vision [Morrone et al, 1995 Nature (London) 376 507 – 509; Harris and Meese, 1996 Perception 25 Supplement, 129]. Using a 2IFC subthreshold summation technique, we asked whether superimposed motion patterns of this kind are detected independently. Subjects had to discriminate between random-dot kinematograms constructed from 'signal + noise' in one interval and 'noise alone' in the other interval. 'Signal' comprised one or two components (cmpnt1, cmpnt2) from the set: expansion, contraction, clockwise rotation, anticlockwise rotation, four directions of deformation, and four directions of spiral. In each session, pairs of components were always orthogonal (eg rotation and deformation, but not expansion and spiral). Both temporal intervals (300 ms duration) contained a circular field where dot luminance was softly damped by an annular window, 5 deg in diameter. In each field, 440 randomly positioned dots travelled linearly through 10% of their distances from the origin. In the 'noise' interval, all dots had their directions randomised individually, whereas in the 'signal+noise' interval, a staircase controlled the percentage of 'signal' dots. We measured psychometric functions for detecting cmpnt1, cmpnt2, and the superposition of cmpnt1 and cmpnt2. In most conditions, we found either little or no summation between the two components. In typical cases where summation was found, it was within the boundary of what would be expected from probability summation between two independent detectors. We conclude that in most of the conditions we tested orthogonal optic-flow components are detected independently in human vision.


The most widely accepted theory concerning the mode of spread of poliomyelitis is that of direct contact through the upper respiratory passages. This theory, brought out by Wickman, has received experimental support in the detection of the virus in the upper respiratory passages in active cases, abortive cases and healthy contacts, and in the infection of animals through the nasal mucosa. However, epidemiologic evidence of direct contact is scant. The proportion of cases ascribed to direct contact, made up largely of multiple cases in families, has been stated at around 5 per cent. It has been observed that the onsets of multiple cases in families as a rule so nearly coincide that they probably represent in the majority of instances simultaneous infection.1When allowance is made for this, the proportion of direct contact cases is reduced to an extremely small figure. The apparent discrepancy between the theory of spread


Purpose: This study is systematic review conducted in order to evaluate the acupressure application on hemodialysis patients and its effects on depression.Method: In this review, Ulakbim, Turkish Medline, PubMed, Ebscohost databases were checked and titles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken under review (n=80). Repeating studies were identified and deleted (n=14). (n=61) studies that were off-topic were excluded from the review. The studies that were suitable for the purpose of this review were identified (n=4). A non-experimental article was excluded from the review since it didn?t meet the inclusion criteria. All of the studies were randomised controlled studies. The studies were conducted in Taiwan and Korea. Medical Subject Headings index was used for English keywords and Turkish translations of English keywords on Turkiye Bilim Terimleri (Turkish Scientific Terms) were used for Turkish keywords. Findings: The findings of the studies that were included in the systematic review have shown that about 65% of hemodialysis patients had a depressed mood. Their levels of depression have been reported to be between 25-60%. It has been found in these studies that acupressure application decreased the depression level significantly in hemodialysis patients. The study group consisting of hemodialysis patients who were massaged with acupressure had a high psychological well-being, decreased depression level and increased life quality. The average acupressure application duration changed between 12-20 minutes and acupressure was applied three or four times per week. KI1, SP6, ST36, GB34 acupressure application points were used in the studies. The studies didn?t report any side effects for acupressure.Conclusion: As a result of this systematic review, although the number of studies included in the review was limited, it was found that acupressure application had positive effects on depression in patients who received hemodialysis treatment.


Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of general dental practitioners (GDPs) toward performing the proper standards of care while managing patients undergoing endodontic treatment in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: An e-questionnaire was distributed among GDPs in Saudi Arabia (n = 650). The e-questionnaire questions covered the assessment of knowledge, attitude, and performance of GDPs toward practicing the proper standards of endodontic treatment in their clinic. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and the relationships between categorical variables were established using Chi-square test. Results: Most of the participants reported obtaining full medical history before root canal treatment (RCT, 82.3%; P < 0.05). However, only 12.2% of the participants regularly measure the blood pressure for their patients before starting RCT. Only 56.3% of the participated dentists are applying rubber dam isolation during RCT, while 24.2% believe that partial isolation is sufficient for such a procedure (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 42.8% of the surveyed GDPs use cold test to confirm the endodontic diagnosis, while 55.5% think that percussion is a reliable method for diagnosis (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, 37.3% of the dentists still prefer leaving the tooth open for pain relief and drainage in abscess cases. Finally, only 28.7% of the participants mentioned performing regular follow-up after RCT. Conclusions: Our data show a clear deficiency in the standards of care provided by GDPs when performing RCT in Saudi Arabia. We hope that this publication will help highlight key areas where lack of knowledge and poor attitude exist while performing RCT by the GDPs in Saudi, thereby helping to raise treatment standards and improve treatment outcomes.


BACKGROUND
Sensitive measures of cognition are needed in preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) to track cognitive change and evaluate potential interventions. Neurofibrillary tangle pathology in AD is first observed in Brodmann Area 35 (BA35), the medial portion of the perirhinal cortex. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for semantic memory may explain early impairments of semantics in preclinical AD. Additionally, our research has tied figurative language impairment to neurodegenerative disease.

OBJECTIVE
We aim to identify tasks that are sensitive to cognitive impairment in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and that are sensitive to atrophy in BA35.

METHODS
Individuals with MCI and cognitively normal participants (CN) were tested on productive and receptive experimental measures of semantic memory and experimental tests of figurative language comprehension (including metaphor and verbal analogy). Performance was related to structural imaging and standard neuropsychological assessment.

RESULTS
On the experimental tests of semantics and figurative language, people with MCI performed worse than CN participants. The experimental semantic memory tasks are sensitive and specific; performance on the experimental semantic memory tasks related to medial temporal lobe structural integrity, including BA35, while standard neuropsychological assessments of semantic memory did not, demonstrating the sensitivity of these experimental measures. A visuo-spatial analogy task did not differentiate groups, confirming the specificity of semantic and figurative language tasks.

CONCLUSION
These experimental measures appear sensitive to cognitive change and neurodegeneration early in the AD trajectory and may prove useful in tracking cognitive change in clinical trials aimed at early intervention.


The invention discloses an information processing system and method for complete periods of electric appliances. The system comprises a product information data center which is used for storing corresponding electric appliance information data, two-dimensional bar codes which are arranged on the corresponding electric appliances, a two-dimensional code reader which is used for reading two-dimensional bar code information and a data transmission network which is used for transmitting the two-dimensional bar code information, the two-dimensional code reader is in communication connection with the data transmission network, and the data transmission network is in communication connection with the product information data center. The non-contact type two-dimensional code reader such as a mobile phone or a tablet personal computer is used for reading data information of electric appliance products, locating current positions of the electric appliance products and sending the data information and position information to the product information data center through the data transmission network, and managers can know consumer demands and make responses timely according to the obtained data information, so that resource sharing is achieved, and the product quality is controlled effectively.


The aim of the study is an attempt to define the noospheric pedagogic acmeology as a branch of the modern humanities knowledge. The principles of integratism and evolutionarism of the noospheric concept developed by Teilhard de Char din were taken as the methodology basis, since the dominant notion of this teaching involves personal development and striving for perfection. It regards the universe as a whole, the mankind as the species and a human being as an individual and personality. Striving for perfection is adherent to acmeology, which is concerned with such issues as achieving top human goals. Though, the contemporary acmeology and pedagogic acmeology in particular are mainly concerned with achieving high professionalism. Addressing Teilhard teaching, made it possible to extend the framework of pedagogic acmeology and take the holistic approach to human development. As the result of hermenevtic analysis, the evristic toolset was brought up for developing noospheric pedagogic acmeology. This set of instruments can be applied while developing innovative paradigms of personal and professional growth including the complexity of inward and outward relations, ontogenetic and philogenetic characteristics. Index terms: integratism, evolution, noosphere, development, pedagogic acmeology, upbringing, personality, individuality.


We have recently described a novel population of natural regulatory T cells (Treg) that are characterized by the expression of HLA‐G and may be found at sites of tissue inflammation (HLA‐Gpos Treg). Here we studied the role of these cells in multiple sclerosis (MS), a prototypic autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS).


The theoretical evaluation of the lunar regolith fines as a primary source of hydrogen reveals that a minimum order of magnitude increase in hydrogen content is possible in beneficiated fines because both particle size and particle shape play a significant role in the relationship of volume percent of surface coating to grain size. The lunar regolith fines meet the basic requirement for beneficiation because a major portion (minimum two-thirds) of the hydrogen occurs in the less than 20-micron-size fraction, a relatively small part of the fines. Beneficiation should be accomplished by a combination of vibratory screening followed by cyclone and/or possibly electrostatic separation. Early exploitation of the lunar regolith fines for hydrogen probably will be limited to hydrogen obtained as a by-product or co-product from the mining and processing for other elements or materials because a minimum of about 13,600 tons to about 19,600 tons of 100 ppm hydrogen-bearing lunar regolith fines will have to be processed with about 3,100 tons to about 4,500 tons, respectively, of concentrate heated to supply 1 ton of hydrogen, yielding a recovery of about 74 percent to about 51 percent respectively, of the hydrogen.


The Born approximation is used to obtain differential and total cross sections for inelastic electron scattering from benzene. The three lowest excited singlet states are treated (i.e. those of symmetry 1B1u, 1B2u and 1E1u). Simple π-electron antisymmetric molecular orbitals are used as the electronic wave functions, and the cross sections are averaged and summed over rotational and vibrational states. The effects of vibronic interactions on the cross sections are included.


Indirect copyright infringement is to aim at resolving the problem whether providing platforms,tools,services or copying systems for direct use of copyrighted works(in this paragraph hereinafter referred as to provide tools) infringes copyright.The problem is mainly resovled by "the Kara OK Rule" and "Contributory Infringement Rule" in Japan."the Kara OK Rule"has the defects of excessively widening the subjects of copyright infringement liability and the judicial powers and confusing the boundaries between use of a work and copyright infringement,"Contributory Infringement Rule" has the trend to be separated from the common infringement and independence,such defects and tendencies are not conducive to the advances in technology and the relating industries,and the public's freedom to access and use information.China can learn the following lessons from the rules for Japan to resovle the indirect copyright infringement:It should be distinguished between legislation and its interpretation about Methodology,legislative power and judicial power about function,and should also be prudent to judge the tools providers's duty of care or admit the plaintiff's right to seek injunction.


Abstract This paper, using research from the UK and comparable US studies, looks at the growth in party fundraising, ethics of the process, impact on electoral systems, candidates, parties, campaigning and methods of obtaining funds (one donor in the UK has recently agreed to give £5 million to the Conservative Party because they are anti EU whilst Labour gained £1 million from the smoking lobby in 1997). It then links this to a growth in strategic public affairs and outlines the direct causal link between political lobbying and party fundraising.


Analysis of composite metallic and dielectrics structures placed in a time-harmonic electromagnetic field is usually based on the MoM (Method of Moments), or FEM (Finite Element Method). Particularly, if MoM is applied to SIE (Surface Integral Equation), the method is termed as MoM/SIE, and if MoM is applied to VIE (Volume Integral Equation) the method is termed as MoM/VIE. Besides that, all these methods can be mutually combined giving different types of hybrid methods. Efficiency of all these methods depends greatly on the choice of basis functions. A variety of basis functions is used by different authors. Sometimes it seems that basis functions written in one notation and used by one method are completely different from and without any connection with basis functions written in another notation and used by another method. In addition, it seems that some of the used basis functions are not optimally adopted. The first goal of this paper is to show that practically all basis functions used in MoM/SIE, MoM/VIE and FEM belong to a few general classes of basis functions. The second goal is to establish the set of desired properties of basis functions used in each of the methods. Finally, the third goal is to compare different classes of basis functions starting from the set of desired properties, and choose the optimal classes of basis functions.


Dental caries may have a huge and direct impact on quality of life of an individual. In case of children, it is even more important to have healthy teeth Objective: To evaluate the impact of dental caries on quality of life in children less than 5 years of age Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study conducted in DHQ Hospital, Hafizabad, Pakistan, 370 children of both genders and within age range of 1-5 years during a period of 9 months. Decayed Missing Filled (DMF) Index was used for the assessment of dental caries. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 23.0 Results: There was high frequency (243, 65.7%) of dental caries in children. Mostly their parents were illiterate (70%) and children were not brushing their teeth regularly (93.8%). Conclusions: Poor oral hygiene and dental caries was associated with low quality of life.


Infanticide denotes the act of an adult killing a conspecific infant, either its own offspring, the offspring of its future mate, or the offspring of any other conspecific individual (Hrdy 1979). During unfavorable conditions non-parents can exploit infants as food or kill them to reduce future competition (Hrdy 1979). Infanticide is most notably known from carnivores such as lions (Panthera leo) and brown bears (Ursus arctos), where it is sexually selected (Bertram 1975, Swenson et al. 1997), but it is common also in birds (Moreno 2012). For raptors, recorded cases of infanticide include parents killing their own offspring to feed siblings (Bortolotti et al. 1991, Korňan and Macek 2011, Ortega-Jimenez et al. 2011), and a case of a nesting female Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) taking nestlings from conspecifics in a breeding colony (Negro et al. 1992). Recording behavior at nests of breeding raptors was traditionally accomplished by direct observations (Bildstein and Bird 2007), a time-demanding method for achieving continuous monitoring for extended periods. Video technology has enabled efficient remote in situ monitoring of prey deliveries and other behaviors at raptor nests (Dawson and Bortolotti 2000, Steen 2009, Steen et al. 2011, 2012). Such video monitoring has revealed rare cases of raptor behavior, such as parental infanticide (Korňan and Macek 2011, Solaro and Sarasola 2012, Franke et al. 2013). Here we provide camera documentation of a case of nonparental infanticide in colonial Eleonora's Falcons (Falco eleonorae) in Greece. We studied Eleonora's Falcons breeding in a colony on the islet of Anidro in the eastern part of the Aegean Sea, Greece (37u249N, 26u299E). Anidro is a small (0.3 km2) uninhabited islet, with scattered vegetation dominated by tree spurge (Euphorbia dendroides). The vegetation is heavily grazed by domestic goats, which are seasonally brought to the islet. Eleonora's Falcons feed their nestlings almost exclusively with small birds migrating from Europe to Africa during August and September (Walter 1979, Gangoso et al. 2013). The young stay in the nest for approximately 35–37 d (Vaughan 1961). We used cameras to study a total of 12 breeding pairs over three breeding seasons: four breeding pairs during 14–20 September 2013, four during 6–16 September 2014, and four during 7–16 September 2015. The main objective of our study was recording food provisioning by Eleonora's Falcons. In 2014 and 2015, when conspecific nest predation was documented, we used Reconyx HyperFire Professional PC900 and PC850 camera traps (Reconyx, Inc., Holmen, WI U.S.A.), customized for close-up recording. In both years cameras were installed about 1 m from each nest when the nestlings were approximately 1 wk old. We used one Reconyx PC900 at each nest in 2014, and one Reconyx PC900 and one PC850 at each nest in 2015. The camera trap captured still images at a rate of two frames per sec during movements at the nest. In total, we monitored with cameras 24 hr/d for about 80 d, an average of about 6.7 d per nest. The camera traps recorded three cases of conspecific nest predation, at one nest in 2014 and at two nests in 2015. In 2014, the images showed an intruding Eleonora's Falcon adult arriving at one of the nests on 14 September at 0641 H and attacking the three nestlings resting at the nest entrance. The theft of a nestling was not directly seen on the images, but only one of the three nestlings remained at the entrance after the attack. At 0657 H, the intruder returned. This time the two remaining nestlings were resting inside the nest cavity; the intruder went inside, came out at 0658 H with a nestling in its talons, and flew off with it (Fig. 1). At 0702 H, the intruder returned again and entered the cavity, but came out after a few seconds without a nestling. However, it was visible to the camera for only a short time. At 0705 H, the conspecific intruder 1 Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com LETTER


The electromagnetic fields generated following the interaction of a 3 × 1019 W cm−2 infrared pulse with a gold wire have been investigated using the well-documented proton radiography diagnostic1. The pulse is observed to drive a transient current along the length of the wire, the spread velocity of which is confidently measured via a novel experimental arrangement to be ∼c. Within a temporal window of 20 ps, the current rises to its peak magnitude ∼104 A before decaying to below measurable levels. Both PIC simulation results and simple theoretical reasoning are used to demonstrate that the ultrafast target charging and transient current observed are a direct product of the permanent escape of a small fraction of the laser-accelerated hot electron population to vacuum.


In this paper, we focus on time-delay linear systems with unknown dynamics. The optimal parameters for a feedforward controller are tuned in two degree-of-freedom (2DOF) control structure with fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT) which is one of data-driven controller tuning methods. We propose a new method in which Kautz expansion is used to approximate a linear time-delay system as well as to obtain the optimal parameters for the feedforward controller. The proposed method can also reduce some assumptions in conventional FRIT and give some freedoms for unknown plant. The significant difference from other data-driven methods related to time-delay system is that we unify the lumped part and time delay part as a parameterized lumped transfer function with Kautz expansion. A numerical example is used to show the effectiveness and validity of our proposed method.


Abstract An investigation was conducted to provide additional evidence for the validity of the Sexual Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ), designed to measure four personality tendencies associated with sexual awareness and sexual assertiveness: sexual consciousness (attention to internal private sexual cues), sexual—monitoring (sensitivity to others' evaluations of one's sexuality), sexual assertiveness (self-reliance in sexual decision making) and sexiness consciousness (awareness of one's own public sexiness). The results revealed that sexual assertiveness in both males and females was predictive of greater contraceptive use, but only among males was sexual consciousness and sexual monitoring found to predict more favorable attitudes toward condom use. In addition, for both females and males, sexual consciousness, sexual monitoring, and sexual assertiveness were found to be positively associated with a greater variety and a more extensive history of sexual experiences. Therapy and research applications are d...


Resonant cavity-enhanced uni-travelling carrier photodiode structure with optimized distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror and absorber-layer was proposed. The device is expected to achieve high quantum efficiency of 89% and wide optical bandwidth of 23 nm.


The strain-confined large electron-hole drop (LEHD) in germanium is characterized by its long life, a well-defined excitonic atmosphere and a large work function. These characteristics are confirmed through millimeter wave dimensional resonance and far-infrared attenuation.


These results support the use of an injectable, in situ hardening calcium phosphate paste to prevent the early loss of calcaneal height and maintain a more anatomic calcaneal reduction. The purpose of this prospective randomized controlled trial was to determine whether ORIF plus an injectable bioresorbable calcium phosphate paste (_-BSM) is superior or inferior to ORIF alone in the treatment of calcaneal bone voids encountered after operative treatment of displaced intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus. Forty-four patients (forty-eight displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures necessitating operative fixation) presenting to a Level One trauma center were enrolled into the study and randomized 1:1 to receive ORIF and injection of _-BSM or ORIF alone. All patients had a standardized ORIF thru a lateral approach by a single surgeon (R.B.). The primary outcome measure was the maintenance of post- operative Bohler's angle at six weeks, three months, and six months. Other outcome measures included the SF-36 and LEM (Lower Extremity Measure) Score at six months. Five patients with seven calcaneal fractures were lost to follow up leaving thirty-nine patients with forty-one calcaneal fractures (85%) for analysis. Twenty-one were randomized into the ORIF and _-BSM group and twenty into the ORIF alone group. There was no statistical difference between the two groups with regard to age, sex, mechanism of injury, initial Bohler's angle, or type of fracture. There was no difference between the groups in the degree of collapse of Bohler's angle at six weeks and three months when compared to initial post-operative values. However, at six months the mean collapse of the _-BSM and ORIF group was 5.6° and ORIF alone was 10.6°. This was statistically significant (p Funding: Industry supported: DePuy, a Johnson & Johnson Company Analysis and data collection performed independently.


Innovations in the area of drug delivery are taking place at a much faster pace. As compared with last two decades, during the last decade many controlled drug delivery systems for oral administration have been developed by using many techniques. Even though these techniques are having lot of limitations and less applicable to weakly acidic or basic drugs which are exhibiting pH dependent solubility, Due to the pH-dependent solubility of ionizable drugs, oral tablets containing ionizable drugs are particularly prone to these release rate fluctuations. For such drugs Intra and Inter subject variability of entire GIT pH, patient related diseased conditions and the fast and fed conditions which may vary the pH at local site leads to Poor In vitro-In vivo correlation. Hence there is need to develop pH Independent drug delivery system to overcome all the limitations. There are few techniques such as Diffucaps technology, Use of pH modifiers, Use of surfactants, Combination of non ionic and Ionic polymers, Supersaturation technique along with nucleation inhibitors and Osmotic drug delivery to fulfil the object of pH Independent systems . These novel approaches may help the future research in gaining control over the significant drawbacks of pH dependent solubility of drugs.


management of athlete team is a complicated systems engineering,which requires us to use materialist dialectics,regards the management of athlete team as a organic whole,sets down the measures of management following the rule of the athlete development,and deals with every kind of complicated connection and contradiction according to unity of opposites,in those ways,we will make the management of athlete team develop in the reform.


The experiment was carried out in of the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering at the college of agriculture/ Al-Qasim Green university, to study the effect of organic fertilizer and compound in some growth characteristics of wheat crop.The results showed that the overlap in the level of organic and compound support had a positive effect in raising the efficiency of the use of fertilizers in the growth of wheat plant, and the overlap between the two fertilizers has given a positive indicator.


Islam obliges its people to seek knowledge and become knowledgeable and educated people. However, in this pandemic era, everything is done online, including in terms of learning. this makes students who study have more obstacles such as connections, devices, or other distractions so that they can make students less motivated in studying. In doing something, one must have the motivation to do that so that it can be a driving force in achieving goals. The importance of motivation for the learning spirit of Internet Engineering Technology Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya students with an online system in Ihsan's perception is that it can make students more enthusiastic in learning, can make students more enthusiastic in achieving their goals and can also make students more trustworthy in studying


Consider a family of distributions $\{\pi_{\beta}\}$ where $X\sim\pi_{\beta}$ means that $\mathbb{P}(X=x)=\exp(-\beta H(x))/Z(\beta)$. Here $Z(\beta)$ is the proper normalizing constant, equal to $\sum_x\exp(-\beta H(x))$. Then $\{\pi_{\beta}\}$ is known as a Gibbs distribution, and $Z(\beta)$ is the partition function. This work presents a new method for approximating the partition function to a specified level of relative accuracy using only a number of samples, that is, $O(\ln(Z(\beta))\ln(\ln(Z(\beta))))$ when $Z(0)\geq1$. This is a sharp improvement over previous, similar approaches that used a much more complicated algorithm, requiring $O(\ln(Z(\beta))\ln(\ln(Z(\beta)))^5)$ samples.


Today, amidst an endless conveyor-belt of politicians, intellectuals, and celebrities busy with their 'commentaries de bello Gallico', 4 Georg Misch's statement that 'men must reveal their souls...the only question is how to do it' 5 appears not only true, but widely agreed upon by society as a whole. Carlyle's semi-satirical reference to 'these autobiographical times of ours' 6 seems equally apt now, as it ever was. And confession, now 'addressed to the public rather than to God', 7 forms the sine qua non of these works, a method of understanding human experience yet to be 'transcended'. 8 However, the epigraphical critiques above, contemporary reviews of Hazlitt's Liber Amoris (abbr. Liber), 9


Introduction to pathogenic Nocardia, a clinically relevant nonESKAPE pathogen The clear and present danger posed by the ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) and their ability to evade antimicrobials is generally well appreciated [1]. There are, however, a multitude of pathogens, some more rare than others, that can be clinically challenging to diagnose and treat. Nocardia, a genus of aerobic actinomycetes found ubiquitously in soil and water, harbors one such group of pathogens with unique attributes and often complicated properties. Opportunistic infections caused by Nocardia often afflict immunocompromised individuals like cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, individuals with AIDS, and organ transplant recipients. Although commonly considered opportunistic, among 1,000 cases of Nocardia infection published between 1950 and 1991, about one-third occurred in patients with no identifiable underlying predisposing conditions [2], implying that immune status is not the only factor affecting infectivity. Skin and lung are the primary infection sites for these rod shaped, gram-positive bacteria. Nocardia also have the ability to survive as facultative intracellular parasites within macrophages [3,4] and escape killing by human neutrophils and monocytes [5]. Infections can sometimes be largely asymptomatic, which, when coupled with the slow growth rate of Nocardia, makes them difficult to identify in clinical specimens [6]. Dissemination, particularly to the central nervous system (CNS), is relatively common and can be life threatening, with mortality rates as high as 85% in immunocompromised individuals [6– 8]. To date, 119 species of Nocardia have been documented (http://www.bacterio.net/ nocardia.html), with more than 40 of them being considered clinically relevant (https://www. cdc.gov/nocardiosis/health-care-workers/index.html).